The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-06 00:00:00

ONE lIUNDRED AND FIFTY-SECOND SALE,

CUSTOM HOUSE, London, December, 1861.
Pon SALE, by order of the Honourable the Commis-
sioners of her Majesty's Customs, at the COMMERCIAL
PSALE ROOMS, Mincing-lane, on TUESDAY, 10111, WED-
;,SDAY, llth, and THURSDAY, 11th of December
?,51 at Twelve o'clock at noon precisely, the following
GOODS, for Exportation or Home Consumption :
..,Anchors, Arnott Stoves (Iron), Articles of' Carved Wood,
'-1-I°lts, Books, Beer, Brandy, Candles (Stearine), Chenille,
Cider, Copper, Cotton Wool, Chicory, Coffee, Cordials, Dice,
~,tapty Bags, Empty Casks, Embroidery or Needlework,
'eithers, Geneva, Glass, Gilt Mouldings, Lime Juice, Mus-
!tete, Mineral 'Waters, lkiolasses, Neefties, Painters' Colours,
Pistols (Revolvers), Perfuvidy, 'Perfumed Spirits,
Pitch, Rags, Rum, ;:aisnis, Segars, Succades, Spirits, plain
and mixed, Sugar, Seeds, &c., Ships' Gear, Tallow, Tobacco,
vine Ashes, Tca, Timber, Turpentine, Vegetable Ivory,
,ar Wine, Watches, Water (Mineral), and various other
Go

Custom
above goods may be viewed at the Queen's Warehouse,
giustom House, Thames-street ; at the St. Katherine, Lon-
;ls°n, West India, East India, and Victoria Docks ; and To-
theGro, Rotherhithe, on Friday, the 6th, and Monday,
9th December, from ten o'clock in the morning until
three o'clock in the afternoon, and on the days of Sale, from
t 4, g- O'clock in the morning- until twelve o'clock at noon
tasting ",le tasting of Spirits and 'Wine being restricted to the day
Oe sale as regards the Queen's warehouse.
, Take notice, that goods sold at this sale will not be de-
livered until after two clear days of the day on which they are
gold, and that no lots can he paid for at the office of the Re-
n-er-General after two o'clock in the afternoon, and that on
,tee days of sale money will not be received by the Receiver-
wneral after Eleven o'clock in the forenoon.
House,
may be had at the Queen's Warehouse, Custom
'cruse, Thames-street, price ls. each.

O IAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT
INSTITUTION
FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM

SHIPWRECK,
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
Pounded in 1824.—Supported by Voluntary Contributions.
PATltorrEss,—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.
ratsioENT --Vice-Admiral his Grace the Duke of Northum-
berland, K.G., F.R.S.
cLtiltiNtArt—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., V.?., Chair-
man of Lloyd's.
.-LITY-CtrAillMAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.,
Chairman of Lloyd's Registry of British and
Foreign Shipping Society.
APPEAL.
thirehe Committee of Management have to state that, during
r!aBt year, the Institution has incurred expenses amount -
tn., (.0 £6,,58 ls. in establishing Life-boat stations on dit-
'rftit parts of the Coasts of Eng and, Ireland. and Scotland.
Institution has also expended on the repairs, stores,
tilterations, and inspection of its numerous Life-boats, Boat-
houses, and Transporting-carriages, £3,632 19s. ; and £1,550
tor exercising the Crews of its Life-boats—making altogether
a total of £11.441.
During the past year the Life-boats of the Institution have
been instrumental in rescuing the Crews of the following
Wrecked Vessels:—
Schooner Ann Mitchell, of Montrose
Schooner Jane Roper, of Ulverstone
Brig Pallas, of Shields .. • • • •
Ship Ann Mitchell, of Glasgow • •
Smack John Bull, of Yarmouth • •
Schooner Catherine, of Newry
Barque Niagara, of Shields .. .• • •
A Barge of Teignmouth
Brig' George and .Tames, of London • •
Brig Zephyr, of 'Whitby
Coble Honour, of Cullercoats
Schooner Elizi, of North Shields ..
Ilarque Oberon, of Liverpool
Brigantine Nancy, of Teignmouth
oinack Wonder, of Teignmouth
Brig Scotia, of Sunderland ..
Sloop Three Brothers, of Goole ..
Sloop Charlotte, of Woodbridge ..
Brig Ann, of Blyth
Sloop hope, of Dublin • _ • . -
Schooner Druid, of Aberystwyth .. • .
barque Vermont, of Halifax, U.S. .. • •
Schooner William Keith, of Carnarvon
Bri Flying Fish, of Whitby • • • •
Smack Elizabeth Ann, of Lyme Regis ..
Steam Dredge, at Newhaven .. • •
Schooner
Admiral Hood, of Rochester ..
oehooner Susan and Isabella, of Dundee ..
Schooner Rose, of Lynn
Prodroma, of Stockton
'rig Eliza, of Middlesborough
Brigantine Freia, of Konigsberg
Brigantine Diana, of Frcdrikshamn
'rig Gloucester, of South Shields

- 3
9

.. 4
.. 11
.. 2
.. 8
.. 6
.. 3
- 7
.. 15

.. 9
.. 2
.. 6
.. 5
.. 5
.. 8

.: 5
.. 16

.. 2

.. 3
.. 9

.. 6
.. 5

.. 3
.. 11
.. 7
.. 6
.. 7
.. 7

Total .• • • • • • • 210
4°l' these and other Life-boat services the Institution has
.£OOB Bs. 4(1. as re a-ards. It has also granted rewards
tunting to X 203 4s. for saying 245 shipwrecked persons, by
gore-boats and other means, making a total of 455 persons
I,,yngdoned from a watery grave on the Coasts of the United
—u,
plug
%tic 114 the present year (1861), the Life-boats of the Insti-
% ti nave al so been instrumental in rescuing tire Crews of
e fllowing. Vessels :
Brig Lovely Nelly, of Seaham ••
"ri'4antine Nugget, of Bideford ..
Schooner Prosp-ect, of Berwick
Sloop Thomas and Jane, of St. Ives
A Fishing-boat of Whitburn
.▪
rig Arethusa, of Blyth
„,chooner Dewi Wvn, of Portmadoc
▪ lat Cymraes, of Beaumaris
Schooner 'William, of Morecambe
Smack Gipsy, of Newry
Schooner Margaret Anne, of Preston
Brig
4 New Draper, of Whitehaven
Schooner William, of Liverpool I
rigger Nimrod, of Castletown trig Providence, Providence, of Shields
Brig Mayflower, of Newcastle •
Schooner Village Maid, of Fleetwood
Barque Guyina, of Glasgow ..
Brig Roman Empress, of Shields' • •
Brig San Spirida-me, of Galaxide :•
Schooner Voador du Vouga, of Viann.a
French Brig La Jenne Marie Therese
Barque Perseverance, of Scarborough
Schooner Elizabeth, of Bridgewater
Ship Danube, of Belfast • • .•
Sc) ooner Hortensia, of Hanover
Schooner Oregon, of Stonehayen
Brig St. Michel, of Marans .•
Spanish Barque Primera de Torrcviega(saved ves-
sel and one of the crew) • • • • • • • •
Schooner Hurrell, of Penzance (saved vessel and
Theirge \Av)nne, of Plymouth (saved vessel and crew)
Schooner Betsy, of Sunderland (saved vessel and
crew)
llarque Frederick, of Dublin .. •• • •
Barque Peace, of London
Liiger Saucy Lass, of Lowestoft 11
Schooner Fly, of Whitby (saved vessel and crew
of four hands) .. • • • • .. .. 4
Smack Adventure, of Harwich.. 10
Pilot cutter Whim, of Lowestoft .. .. 7
Barque Undaunted, of Aberdeen 11
Wrecked boat on Blackwater Bank, on the Irish
coast saved one man .. • •
Schooner Skylark, of Folkestone
Brig Lively, of Clay, Norfolk ..
Barque Robert Watson, of Sunderland •
Schooner Auchincruive, of Grangemouth ..
Schooner Friends, of Lynn ..
Schooner Eliza Anne, of Dublin

.. 5
.. 4
.. 4

.. 8
.. 4

.. 10
.. 2
.. 8
.. a
.. 5

.. 1
.. 6
.. 5
.. 5
.. 6
.. 4
- 5

Total .. —275
n 711 e Public cannot hut sympathise with the vizorouq efforts
Mv being made by this Institution to save the lives of Ship-
'reeked Crews. Their help was never more needed than at
:I'e present time, when, throwTh the extraordinary exertions
ythe Society has made within the past few years, it has now
Liarly One Hundred and Twenty Life-boats under its man-
a_ament, or the maintenanee of which, in a state of thorough
',l.'_elencY, a large permanent annual income is absolutely
needed, if its humane mission is to be perpetuated.
l)onations and Annual Su' scriptions will be thankfully re-
ceived" b Messrs. Willis, Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard-
; Messrs. Coutts and Co., 59, Strand; %Tessrs. Berries,
t.,'nuhar, n
Jamei's-stree, Lonon ; a
fn the United Kingdom ; andt hy thed Secretary,
chard Lewis, Esq., at the Office of the Institution, 14,
John-street, Adelphi, London, W.C.
ero,,ed
PaYments may be made by Cheques or by Post-office Orders
,
toy- ), to Messrs. W llis, Percival, and Co., or to the Secre-

D. Ana's' MEDICAL WORK, MAN HOOO :
INTEnrcAr, ESSAY ON SPERMA TO RRIVE
1 NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
lir Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
n a sealed envelope, price la., Sold by all Booksellers, and
,:ent post paid, by the Author, furl 2 stamps,
ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CIJRE of PRE-
-' ATATtritE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
or Berfeet Restoration to Health and Vh4our. by Dr. J. L.
uterts, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.
CONTENTS:
TRODUCTORY C mlt on the Physiological
'Picture and Functicns of the Reproductive Organs.
CAI-APTER IL—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence:
,111, Vicious induh,ences; Dangers of Neglect.
leOPAPTER Review of the various Disqualification:.
"larria,e • whether resultinz from Youthful Abuse, the
orM'aturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
er_ii APTE RS IV. and V. ou the modern Treatment of
'the and Syphilis.
4,;ne Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
I te which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive
otion.

REVIEWS Oh' THE WORK.
he,ltrtis on Manliomi.—This is a truly valuable work, and
;3(?1
_lO he in the hands of young and old.' —" Sunday Times,"
march 1856.
lit;Pc author has conferred a zreat boon by publishing this
mi,e,werk, to which is described the source ot those diseases
old'en produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
arF,e."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856.
t; :-"is work, which for twenty years has stood the test of
hilit
a,?;esslonal criticism and empirical hostility, treats in aplain
,"n'tis Ympathising manner on the various disqualifications
ImPediinents arising from nervous excitement and de.
~.._7 ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and
CZ_,s,',s it will he found valuable and useful."—Record.
—.don : Published by J. Allen, '.!O, Warwick Lane, Pater-
kV% noster-row., Mann. 29, Cornhill.
91 coaaultation-10 to 3 and 6 to 8 ; suudays, 19 WI 2,

TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD.-
Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre-
oared with out'any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
suffer from bilious and dyer complaints, indigestion, wind
spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &a. For habitual
costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
of the blood, they f,re truly excellent ; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to she stomach, they create appe-ite, pro-
mote diomstion, and ,trengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, London,
and by most druggists, in boxes, ls. led., and three times
the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's
Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green
package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the stamp.

THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN
FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF
LIFE.
This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most
shattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution,
excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu-
ral causes. The time required to cure the most inveterate
case is four weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in-
structions (which are very simple), failure is impossible.
This life-restoring remedy should be taken by all about to
marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by
the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made.
Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches
thirst
Dr. Ricord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in-
structions for use, at 11s., or four quantities in one for 335.,
and will be scut to any part of the world, carefully packed,
on receipt of remittance or post-office order payable to Prout
and Co., Patent tilediAneWarehouse, 229, Strand, London.

(Entered at Stationers' 'Tall.)

8, GROSVENOR-STREET, GROSVENOR-SQUARE.
ALL CONSULTATIONS FREE.
-

- -
ARTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and TM-
PROVED PRINCIPLE, at TEN SHILLINGS EACH
TOOTH (including all charges.)
Mr. ESKET.L'S PATE TED INVENTION (protected by
her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, • 560), for adapting Arti-
ficial Teeth, from one to a complete set, by Self-Adhesion,
are fixed without springs or fastening, without pain or ex-
traction, restore perfect articulation and mastication, ren-
dering detection impossible, and last a lifetime.
"Unrivalled for its utilityand economy."—Morning Post.
"An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of
nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun.
Decayed Teeth Stopped, Loose Teeth Fastened, Discoloured
Teeth Restored, "ire. Constant Daily Attance at 8, Grosvenor-
street, Grosvernor-square, London; Old Steine, Brighton;
Bennett's-hill, Birmingham

R. CULVERWELL'S LAST NEW WORK,
JV OITIZSELVES.
Price ls., by post ls. td. ; of Maim, 29, Cornhill.
On Spermatorrlura, Syphilis, Stricture, Hamorrhoids,
Glcets, ctc.
Marriage : Impediments removed, and Healthy Offspring
secured

The Post-oPtlirC(C, .7m`uarylubsl;
and from 1 till 9 p.m. at 3, Great Marlborough-street, W.
coßnasuullst,eld9t,lasitly l•
alrlti.2l,l.at_
Grand ;
DR. CULVERWET,TIS NEW POST-OFFIOE
TUR KISH BAT HS, 19, St. Martin's-le-Grand.
2s. till 5, and is. fid. from 5 till 9 ; Sundays, Is. till 1.
An ESSAY on TURKISH BATHING, gratis.
OPINIONS OT THE PRESS.
" The Use and the Abuse of the Turkish Bath.—A very
useful pamphlet has been published by Dr. Culverwell, the
proprietor of the Turkish Baths in the neighbourhood of the
Post-office, which presents to the uninitiated a mass of inte-
rest ing information, while those who have already encouraged
this new system will derive additional advant.ige if they
observe sonic of the p actical regulations which the writer
endeavours to enforce."—herald and Standard, Nov. 12,18 M.
" The Post-office Turkish 8ath4,19, St. Martin's-le-Grand.
—Dr. Colverw.ll has already established the reputation of
an able physician ; he has now proved himself to be a worthy
philanthropist, in a-; fir as he has established, in the heart
of the City, an institution that more nearly than any disco-
very of modern days, goes nearer the abolition of the practice
of physic, than any proposition or invention yet established,
the Turkish Rath. . . Our object being merely to direct
the attention of our City readers to the fact that they possess
one of the best set of baths, at 19, St. Martin's-le-Grand,
which the country can produce; perfect in all its appliances,
and most admirable in eflect. Dr. Culverwell has fitted up
his baths with a degree of elegance, luxury, and refinement,
which, considering the space at his disposal, is truly sur-
prising, while everything that taste or delicacy could desire
has been obtained to add to the comfort and luxury of the
visitor. . . We may justly say that if a man ever feels
himself regenerated and new made, it is on coming out of it
Turkioh Bath,"—Era, Oct. 13,1861.

will soon be if hostilities should unhappily be forced
upon this country, and as it is in its way a most
curious vessel, though not, perhaps, a very formid-
able one, an account of its principles of construction,
armour, and armament will just now be of interest
to our readers. When Mr. Stevens first contemplated
the idea of an armour-coated frigate, he found from
experiments that it required 16 times the thickness
of oak or teak to offer the same amount of resistance
to shot as iron, and that a well-made 4-inch slab of
wrought metal was equal in resistance to 5 feet 4
inches of oak. According to this theory, then, the
sides of our new Warriors are equal in resistance to
a thickness of 8 feet 10 inches of oak or teak. Mr.
Stevens's object, however, was not so much to stop
an enemy's shot as to have his plates at such an
angle as would give them a different direction,
which is another thing altogether. For this purpose
he determined that the armour should not be laid
at a less angle than 30 degrees, and that the plates
should be of 6 inches thickness, which, at such a
slope, he calculated would be equal in resistance to
a foot in thickness placed upright. With armour
of such immense solidity a deep immersion of the
ship was inevitable, and to do away, therefore, with
the necessity for coating her too heavily or over too
large a surface, he devised a method by which the
ship, when!going into action, would instantly fill
her compartments with water, so as to bring her
down almost completely under the sea, submerging
all but the funnel and the ridge of guns on the apex
of the slanting armour plates, which cover in her
deck much after the fashion of a common ridge roof.
Mr. Stevens, in fact, considered water as the
cheapest and most thorough protection to be found
against the flight of projectiles, on account of its
perfect:non-elasticity. His design, therefore, has
been to get as much as possible of this cheap defence
round his vessel, and, iu fact, as we have said, to
submerge her altogether, excepting her ridge of
guns and chimney.
Having said thus much of the chief principles
Mr. Stevens proposed in his ship, we shall now en-
deavour to show in what manner they are carried
out in the actual construction of the vessel itself.
The principal dimensions of it are :
Length over all .. .. 420 feet.
Length of beam over all .. 53 „
Breadth, exclusive of armour .. .. 45 „
Depth from main deck .. 21 „
Depth to upper or gun deck .. 24 „
Minimum draught of water 16 „
Draught in fighting trim • • • . 21 „
Tonnage • • • • • • • • 6,000 tons
Weight of engines .. •• •• 518 „
Weight of boilers .. .. •• 266
Weight of hull .. 1,417 „
Weight of armour and loading houses.. 2,0J0 „
Weight of eight guns and carriages .. 198 „
Weight of coal (entire capacity) .. 900 „
Water to immerse to 21 feet .. 923 „
Immersion without water .. 17 feet.
Area of midship section at 21 feet .. 810 „

'I he bottom part of the hull is built of rolled plates
one inch thick, tapering towards the top where they
meet the armour plates to half an inch. The iron ribs
like those of the Warrior, are 2 feet apart through-
out, and are formed by two 6 by 31 inch massive
angle irons rivetted together by their 3 inch flanges
so as to form an X. One side of the 6-inch flange
is rivetted to the outer skin, the other is punched
for rivetting to an inner skin, if on trial the vessel
should be found to require it. The main, or 21 feet
deck, as it is termed, is wood plated with iron,
strong enough to keep out any shells which might
enter from the apertures above. Over this 21 feet
deck (so called from the fact of its being 21 feet in
height from the inner kelson) the armour plates, 6
inches thick, are built like a cover, sloping inwards
at an angle of 30 degrees for about 15 feet,
when they terminate in a flit armour deck, on which
the guns are placed fore and aft, and the loading-
houses are built. Externally, however, this armour
plate projects at each side beneath the water outside
the 21 feet deck, till it meets the inch plates
which form the bottom of the vessel, so that the
section is almost the same as that which would
be presented by a frigate plated and built on Mr,
Jones's plan of angular armour. The main or
21 feet deck is supported by the sides of the ship,
and by trusses of boiler-plate placed upright from
the bottom of the vessel. Over the engines this

iron deck is supported by the engine frames, and at

other points secured by cross bulkheads. Longi
tudinally with the sides of the vessel are two lines ci

plate girders, passing along the upright trusses,
bolted to the deck beatus, so that the main deck is, in
fact, secured to every part of the ship, and forms
both a tubular and trussed girder of the whole fabric.
About 200 feet from the bows, beneath the main
deck, is the boiler compartment, which extends back
to the centre of the ship, where the engine com-
partments commence, which again extend 52 feet
further aft. This portion in action would be wholly
submerged at its vulnerable parts several feet below
the water, and protected from above by the angular
cover of 6.inch armour plates. In front of the
boilers are placed blowers and pumping engines, and
near these again are the coal bunkers and the com-
partments for the water by the admission of which
the vessel is to be brought down to her fighting
trim, and immersed all but the peak of her gun .deck.
Above the 21 feet deck is what is called the 14 feet
deck, being, in fact, the space between the 21 feet
and the armour cover over all. There are two screws
to this vessel, one under each quarter, and each
screw, of course, leading to its own set of engines,
placed on each side of the vessel. The ship, like the
Warrior, has no external keel, but the inner keel is
a box girder two feet high and two broad, on which
is laid a railway for sending the trucks of coals from
stem to stern. The engines are so arranged that
there is a free passage for this tramway throughout,
furnished with water-tight iron doors at all of the
many cross bulkheads. The lines of the ship are
fine, and the bottom fiat, like that of
ofsevesihiriif'ph:eet,coiornoerrdoelf, tthoevessel at the water
downlrti lnrnee laiVrs koaf:robrerirlmoYiret.
butby the
above
b ve angularthis, coatlike ot fh
the
armourbulwarks
a fallingrk s
of
an ordinary a common timber siding. outside
get as much steadi-
ness siwgs
bows
t a) and buoyancyd
stern
ispossible. The mean angle of
the angular armour-plated deck is continued to a
degrees, and the pro
is as nearly as possible
portion of len4th to beam
asab
ou t 4
that of the Great Eastern, or about eight to one.
The eight engines (four to each screw shaft) are
placed in the centre of the ship. The two screw
shafts, lying side by side, are
art, eight feet apart at
the centre, from which they start, but diverge as
they run towards the stern to a distance of 22 feet
asunder. They also point down a little to get a better
hold in the water, being
a foot lower at the screw

ends than at the engine. Each shaft is 184 feet long,
composed of sections coupled together, and having
a maximum diameter throughout of 17 inches.
The four cranks of each shaft stand at the four
quarters of a circle. The cranks are forged in, and
each crank section is coupled to the next. The
engine framing is in arches, passing under the 21
feet deck, and bolted to the bottom and sides. The
cylinders stand perpendicularly between the shafts
and the side of the ship. Each is of 45 inches dia-
meter and 42 inches stroke. Above these and
athwartship is the wrought iron walking beam, 6
feet long. Between each pair of engines is an air
pump, 40 inches diameter with 21 inches stroke,
which is driven by a lever and rod from the walking
beam above. Upon each cylinder, towards the side
of the ship, is a valve chest, containing a- balanced
slide valve, which is worked by a link motion (the
common valve gear) that forms a variable cut off
and reverse gear of the simplest kind. All the vari-
ous crank pins and connecting rods are hollow, and
furnished with induction and return pipes, which
keep a continual stream of cold water running
through them, to check heating. The boilers are
placed five on each side. Each boiler has two fur-
naces, and the upper parts are fitted with 21 inch
return flues, 10 feet long. The total heating surface
of all the boilers is about 26,000 square feet. The
upper passages we have mentioned converge into a
tight flue, increasing in size as it runs back, and
emptying itself into a funnel, 12 feet in diameter,
placed nearly in the centre of the vessel. The engines
aro made to be worked at high pressure, 601 b. to the
inch. Each of the two sots of engines is about 1,000
nominal horse power, so that working theserews at
100 revolutions a minute will give aft= indicated
power of 8,000 horses. It is very much doubted,
however, even by American engineers, whether 60
revolutions can be attained, though all speculations
on this point are necessarily very vague, as neither
the pitch nor diameter of the screws will be settled

till it is seen how the engines themselves will answer.
The armour plates, as we have already said, rise to a
height of only 8 feet above the water-line when the
ship is fully immersed to her fighting trim, and hero
the guns stand on a ridge or platform of metal,
about 25 feet wide in the stern, and from 15 to 12
feet wide in the bows. On this armour deck are
placed eight guns of wrought iron, —the four in the
bows being 15 inch shell guns, throwing a shell of
some 3501 b. weight, the four in the stern being 18
inch, and throwing shells of more than 5001 b. In
addition to these are four angular and almost conical
loading-houses (covered, like the rest of the armour
deck, with 6 inch plates), one being built between
each gun fore and aft. The guns themselves are
left entirely exposed, their trunnions being bedded
into enormous hemispheres of wrought iron. Each
of these hemispheres forms part of a turn-table,
which is worked on the 21 feet deck beneath. The
whole theory on which she would fight, therefore,
is this :—On the approach of an enemy the vessel
would immerse itself by taking in water till the
ridge of her gun deck was almost level with the
water's edge. The men told off for loading would
occupy the loading-houses, and those beneath would,
with the aid of the turn-table, work round the muz-
zle of each gun to the entrance of the loading-house,
so that each piece might be loaded, worked round
again, and fired as quickly as possible. Ports, or
doors, sufficiently thick, as it is thought, to close the
entrance of the loading-houses against ordinary shell
protect the men inside when they have once loaded,
but the gun itself, with all the men engaged in
elevating and firing it, is left entirely exposed. Up
to this, the fighting point, then, the whole plan of

he boat is—as the invention of an engineer in 1838

—full of genius. But,judged by our present standard
of ordnance and iron-clad frigates, it must break
down the first time it comes to bo really tried
—that is, in action. Apart from the fact that the
guns at three feet from the sea would be " awash,"
even in the calmest weather, it would be impossible
to submerge the ship to her fighting trim in the
presence of even a strong breeze. Granting, how-
ever, that she could immerse herself in any wea-
ther, what becomes of the men and guns left un-
protected ? The present plan of the Federal Go-
vernment is to have the guns forged of such a size
as will enable them to protect themselves, or, in
other words, so solidly made as that the enemy may
batter at them with impunity. Such a plan might
have answered in 1838, when 68. pounders were not
introduced and the Armstrong 100-pounder un-
dreamt ot. But against these weapons it will re-
quire such a gun as was never yet forged in the
world to enable it to take a rap on the muzzle from
a 100-pounder without receiving such an indent as
will never let shot in or out of it again. What, too,
becomes of the men who are to come out of their
loading•houses to train and fire the ordnance in the
face of riflemen clustering at the ports of an enemy?
What becomes of the half-inch iron door which

closes the loading-houses when struck by a per-
cussion shell; and, above all, what would become
of the whole affair from stem to stern if the \Yur-

rior (which, according to the American papers, she
ought to blow out of the water in 10 minutes) were
to steam straight at her when immersed, and send

her bodily under the waves ? There is very little
doubt but that in a short time this Stevens's Bat-
tery will be afloat. But it will be just as much
behind the iron-clad frigates of this age as the old

American sailing 84's still on the stocks since 1815

are behind the screw liners of the present day. The
Federal Government, it is said, are building three
gunboats, to be cased with 3.inch armour plates.
Each of these, though costing only a tenth of the
price, is likely to be ten times as efficient as the
boasted Stevens's Battery, which ought to fall an
easy victim to the first frigate or corvette, wood
or iron, which lays her alongside. As a seagoing
armour frigate, she is so certain to be a costly
failure, that, even pressed as they are for war
vessels of any kind, the Federal Government
would willingly avoid finishing her if they could.
But the voice of the New York Press is so unani-
mous in favour of her being sent to sea as a check
upon the maritime preponderance ,of the Warrior,
that we may soon expect to find her afloat, though
not for long, if she ventures far from land.