The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-16 00:00:00

_LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY l6, 1857

THE EMPEROE AND THE EXILES.

THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.

(Front the Morning Advertiser.)
We understand that the soundings obtained by
Stung by his defeat in the late elections, it
would appear that Louis Napoleon writhes once her Majesty's steamer Cyclops, which has been en-
more under the galling cone' gaged in checking for the Atlantic Telegraph Corn-
sight of the shores he oppresses, ,hers lies the free
ction that, within
! puny the soundings taken by the United States
soil of England, rejoicing in politic:l steamer Arctic, are very satisfactory, bottom hay-
-1 institutions,..
ing been found all the way across the Atlantic, and
against which domestic faction and is.-breign levy
_and
t for the greater part of the distance composed of fine
are alike vain and empty ; blest with a haildY
cultivated raae, who, preserving from the estates
-were found with the sand. The greatest
times the germs of liberty, have so trained' ant sand and small
mixedshells ; near this coast small pebbles
sounded was about 21 miles. Caetam Days
strengthened them, that they have foiled even the
hurricane of Revolution, and struck root deeper depth
and deeper into the constitution. Between that men 'has some intention of looking into Trinity
British race and this despot's subjects, the last few Bay, but we understand that he is expected in
years have seen a new spirit grow up ; both nations Queenstown by a certain date and is fearful of losing
pouring oil into the wounds of manycenturies, and too much time by making the trip thither.
sealing their late-born friendship by mingling their We have already given an account of the menu-
blood in the cause cif a threatened nationality. facture and the shipping on board the elgameran m
The military feats of the Crimea formed, indeed, at Greenwich, of a portion of the submarine cable
for a time, a ray of glory circling the Imperial dia- which is to unite thiscountry with America in tele-
dem. But the hour of triumph had hardly passed graphic communication, The other half of the
sway, when the thorns with which that Crown was cable, 1,250 miles in length, which Messrs. Newell
interwoven began to pierce. Frenchmen and Bri- and Co. contracted to supply, has already been
tons bad cemented their friendship with their blood. completed, and is in course of delivery on board
Their names had been writ together on many a glo- the Niagara, at Birkenhead. The Niagara is a
rious trophy. They had challenged depotismiu the screw steam*. of 5,200 tons, pierced for twelve 11-
person of i s most renowned champion, and had, to• inch guns, belonging to the United States navy,
gether, compelled him to bite the dust. The din of and is under the command of Captain Hudson, an
battle ceased, and ifs clouds passed away, bait before officer of considerable experience, having been at-
the treaty was signed which dispelled them, the tached to the service so far hack as 1812, and hay-
cloven foot of despotism peeped from under the Im- i.'g taken part in the Pacific Exploring Expedition.
perial throne of France—Napoleon leaned to Alex- The Niagara is 345 feet in length, by 56 feet beam,
ander. It was but natural that birds which plumed with engines of 1,000 horse power, and is the
them-elves on the similarity of their feathers should largest vessel afloat in the world. Her screw is
perch on the same bough. But the tough old a Griffith's propeller. She is anchored in the Mer-
British lion lay growling at the root of the tree, and Bey, to take on board the cable, her great breadth
when he began to roar in earnest, and threatened having prevented her from being docked at Birken-
to tear up their treaty, root and branch, the eagles head. The inner gates of the dock at Birkenhead
of the Houses both of Romanoff and Napoleon were would have been quite large enough ; but, unfor-
silenced. But the great French nation saw what tunately, the outer gates, which are 20 feet less
was going on, and began to lose faith in its idol. than the inner, are only 50 feet wide. The Niagara
In the hour of his triumph the image fell from its bas now been receiving the cable for upwards of a
pedestal, and its worshippers found that its proud fortnight, and it is being coiled on board at the rate
feet were made only of clay. of 60 miles per day. Up to Tuesday evening about
The Providence which dements what it designs 800 miles had been shipped, so that the whole of it
to destroy, much about this time induced that sin- will have been stowed on board in the course of a
gular accident, the Emperor of the French to few days from the present date. In order to make
assault the liberties of the Belgian Press ; and the room for the immense coils in which the cable is
just, manly stand against dictation made "by that deposited in the vessel, the forehold of the Niagara
little kingdom was exchanged for a compromise has been cleared of the chain lockers, coal bunkers,
somewhat ignoble, but not, perhaps, unwise iu and tanks, and fitted with a level floor over the
so small a power, seeing that the Plenipotentiary kelson, the beams having each been trussed with
of the great British nation had endorsed the des- double stays, to compensate for the removal of
pot's protest. It was not, however, expected that the stanchions. Part of the cable is also being
the next act of aggression would be perpetrated on stowed in a space which has been cleared out on
British soil, and that a demand would be made the main deck, abaft the engine-room, by displacing
upon us to oust a French refugee from the bospi- some of the officers' lesrths and encroaching on the
tality of the British hearth. Still less was it ima- ward-room. Three smaller vessels, of 500 tons each,
gined that from the lips of the Emperor himself a the Wallace, the Ellen, and the Perthshire, convey
rebuke would go forth, and addressed—of all the coils flora the works of Messrs. Newell and Co.,
things in the world—to the British Press 1 But such at Birkenhead, to the frigeta in the Sloyne, and
was the fact. If it had been in British nature two of these craft were lying alongside the Niagara,
to submit, we should have been sold to the Emperor one on either side, on Tuesday, and seen at a little
of Russia ; we should have been compelled to drive distance, from the river, served to bring out the
away from our shores Victor Hugo and his brethren vastness of her dimensions most completely. The
in exile • and—worst of all—to surrender the cable, of the manufacture of which a very minute
glory and safety of our nation—the freedom of description was given in the article above referred
the Press. But Louis Napoleon reckoned without to, has a thick coaling of pitch and tar upon it, and
his host. Our hospitality and freedom were sac- thei decks on which the cable rests, have been
sifices too precious to make for the alliance of covered with sheet lead to prevent the tar, which
the Bonaparte. Of the alliance of his subjects we accumulates at the bottom of the coil, from soak-
were sure. That compact was complete. ing through and saturating the timbers. The weight
But not baffled by these signal defeats, Louis of the portion on board the Niagara will be about
Napoleon now tries his hand again. Associating 1,200 tons. The process of coding is one which
with him, as we have good reason to believe—the seems to possess great interest in the neighbour-
other despotic governments of Europe, he has pro- hood, and steamers from Liverpool are constantly
claimed his august will with reference to this conveying visitors to the Niagara, whom Captain
country in the semi-official journal, the Pays. It Hudson courteously allows to inspect the work.
would be a pity to dilute this insolence by altering Among the visitors on Tuesday were Sir William
the form in which it is expressed, and therefore Cubitt, and Mr. Wm. Fairbairn, of Manchester.
we give it as the Imperial amanuensis wrote it The coiling on board is under the superinten-
down : dente of Mr. Woodhouse, C. E., who took part in
" Since the re-establisbment of the empire, the French laying down the Varna and Belaklava teleeraph,
revolutionists only show signs of existence as a corps de and this gentleman will accompany Mr..C. Bright
reserve. Every attempt that has been made in France (who is the engineer-in-chief to the company, and
has been made by Italians, and the men who will appear was one of the original projectors of the submarine
at the bar of the Assize Court of the Seine, next month, line across the Atlantic) in the Niagara, to assist in
are also Italians. Such a state rf things calls for a laying down the half of the cable stretching from
vigorous repression. It is from London that all the middle of the Atlantic to the American shore.
these attempts emanate, and it is in London that
the evil must be attacked at its source. That the Eng-
These two gentlemen will have to take alternate
lish people should think it an honour that their country watch in the Niagara of the paying out of the cable
during the progress of the work ; and Mr. Canning,
should be the asylum for al who are unfortunate is
no doubt a generous sentiment, and one which we can- who laid the line across the Gulf of the St. Lawrence
not but make allowance for. But if it be proved that last yetr, with Mr. Webb, who has been engaged for
London has become the principal theatre of conspiracies some years in l=ying down and raising the cables
directed against all continental Governments, that con- between Orforduess and the Hague, will take the
dottieres are enlisted there for a democratic and social same charge on board the Agamemnon. The
war, that arm. and ammunition are manufactured there machinery for paying out the cable has been made
for the purposes of assassination and civil war, the Eag- with great promptitude,by Messrs.C. 3
D
liab people, with that practical good sense of which they Bergue and Co.' of Manchester. The operations at
justly boast, will admit that such an abuse of hospitality Greenwich, as we have before stated in the Sun,
deprives the conspirators of every right to the proton ion
have been assisted by two of the ablest electricians
of laws meant for the security of the exle, and that
energetic measures are called for to give satisfaction to of the day, Dr. Whi:ehouse and Professor Morse.
th th e interests of nations allied with England, and to e The two vessel.
Nia-
public conscience which has been so lung outraged by tiara, sail about the' the Agamemnon and the
25th inst., and are to be joined
revolutionary excesse.." by H. M. frigate Leopard and the United States
Here we have a laSesured exordium and an ayi- frigate Susquehana. These are paddlewheel steam-
parently reasonable peroration. But the plainEu,g- ere of considerable power, and are intended to pilot
lish of it all is that Louis Napoleon, backed by the and assist the other ves-els when necessary. The
Continental Governments, is anxious to try his four st,arners are to rendezvous in Cork harbour,
hand on English hospitality, and to compel the Bri- and will probably sail together from thence about
tish Government to succumb to the views of a coali- , the Ist Aug. Their final destination will be lat.

tion of despots. It is all very fine to wrap up preg-
nan t matter in the complicated folds of many words.
But what the Paysmeans is that despotism will suffe r
the English game of hospitality no longer, if it can
help it. Surely the Bonaparte must have been de-
mented indeed, if be imagine that such a threat, so
shallow and so insolent, would be tolerated by the
British pe 'pie. We have at present at the head of
affairs the last man in the world to be influenced
by so contemptible a threat ; a Statesman far more
likely to resent thtn to acquiesce in its demands.
But were the most craven Minister that ever dis-

52 deg. 4 m. N., and long, 32 deg. 32 min., or the
c,.ntral point of the arc of the great circle between
Valentia Harbour and Trinity Bay. Having
waited here for favourable weather, should the ele-
ments not be propToui to the design on their ar-
rival, a "splice" will be effected between the half
of the telPgraph cable on board the Agamemnon
and the half on bard the Niagiri, and they will
part company—the Niagara and Suzquehana s dl-
jog w,stward,. for Trinity Bay, Newfoundland,
di-tint 900 to 1,000 milei ; and the Againemnou
and Leopard returning eastward, paying out their
. _

graced British councils at the Lead of affairP, he
dared not ! listen to such language. Behind the
British Government stands the British nation, and
no mock Emperor, no la.dstered royalty, ng aggra-
ga'e of despots, can shake its power, or move it
from its traditions of freedom and hospitality.

portion Of the cable until they inalieVaTentia Har-
bour, on the coast of Ireland. The arc of the circle
thus indicated is 1,834 miles in length, so that
could each vessel steer an exact course to desti-
na•ion, not subject to the errors of the magnetic
needle or the disturbing influence of oceanic cur-
rents, each would have to pay out 917 miles of
cable, but as that is impossible, each vessel has
bet-n supplied with a surplus length of about 300
miles, to meet all emergencies. Supposing' that
each vessel should be able to pay out the cable at
the rate of about five knots per hour, or 120 per
day, it will thus be seen that the operation of drop-
ping the great international link between this
country and the United States, will have I:ean
completed in eight days from the time the "splice"
is effected in mid-ocean and the vessels part com-

RAIL WAY INTELLIGENCE.

GRAND TRUNK CANADA.

The Loudon directors of this company state in
their rep,rt hat the sections of the railway that
were unfinished at the date of the last report,—
namely, from Guelph to Stratford, 25 mile=, and
from Brockville to Toronto, 210 miles, were c,m-
plated for traffic in October last year, thus making
the total mileage of the company 849 miles. •
The directors learn by their last advices from
Canada that a traffic agreement of a very sitisfac-
tory character is nearly completed be wren the
Montreal Ocean Steam Company and the Grand
Trunk Company. A monthly line of screw steamers
from Liverpool to Portland, calling at St. John's,
Newfound,and, and Halifax, was established at the
comme .cement of this year, and the directors are
informed that it is about to be converted into a
fortnightly line. Other steamship proprietors have
been in communication with the company on the
subject of running vessels in connection with the
Grand Trunk Railway. At the commencement of
the present year a thrirough traffic and emigration
department was crginiz-d iu the London office.
Many of the persons who have already travelled w.th
through tickets, purchased previously to their leav-
ing Great Britain, have communicated to their fri,-nds
at home the excellence of the arrangements fur
their prOtection, and the comfort and speed with
which they have been conveyed to their destina-
tions. The receipts on capital account to the. 31st
of December, 1856, amounted to 7,727,4301., and
the expenditure to 7,551,5891., leaving a balance
of 175,8401. The revenue for the half-year ending
the 31st of December, 1856, showed that 170,836/,
had been received, and 143,8531. expended, leaving
a balance of 26,9831.

pang.
The outer coating of the greater part of the cable
consists of a coil of 18 strands of seven-thread iron
wire, as a protection to the gotta percha core, con-
taining the telegraphic wires,
.from friction-or injury
un'il it has been safely deposited on the bed of the
Atlantic. But thoce portions of the cable which
will have to be joined when the vessels part com-
pany may possibly be
subjected to an extra strain
as the first unbroken link of it sinks between the
sterns of the two vessels to find its ultimata resting
place, and to meet this possible contingency 10
miles length of this central portion of the cable has
been protected with a sheath of 18 steel, instead of
iron, wires, and is supposed to be capable of sus-
taining a stream of 19 tons. The machinery made
by Messrs. De Bergue and Ca. includes paying-out
sheaves or drums of five feet in diameter, having
grooves corresponding to the thickness of the cable,
with a friction drum attached to them revolving
three times as fast as they do, and with breakage
power to check or retard the motion of the sheaves
at pleasure. From the hold of each ship the cattle,
passing over (cur of these sheaves to a few feat
above the poop deck, will be dropped into the sea
over a fiith sheave, placed aboie the stern. The
exact amount of strain will be constantly indicated
by an instrument for the purpose under the eye of
the breahsman. At the sides of the vessel will hang
down into the water new electrical logs, principally
due to the ingenuity of Mr. C. Bright, the Atlantic
Company's chief engineer. These immersed logs
have vanes and wheels revolving at a rate propor-
tioned to the passage of the ship through the water,
and making an electric circuit which is broken at
each revolution. An electric wire, from the log to
the deck, records there every revolution of the log,
and consequently the exact speed of the ship. It
must not be supposed when the ships part company
that communication will be lost between those on
board the vessels. The electriciatis have hold of
either extremity of the coils of the cable, and will
interchange signals constintly, so that each vessel
will be master of the other's fate, and of every
incident that may help or retard the progress of
submersion, unless some unfortunate emergency
should snap the link. When the topmasts of the
ships have sunk beneath the horizon, and they are
lost to view by the look-out-men, the inter-oceanic
current of electricity will give instant record of all
that passes, until the lengthening line of cable
has been spun out from shore to shore. A bell on
board each vessel will sound every second as each
portion of the cable is payed out, and its silence
will probably be the first indicatioa of any mishap
arising from friction or overtension of the cable,
and the vessels will have apparatus on board, so
that in any such emergencies they can be backed,
the cable recoiled until the faulty place is found,
when a piece will be cut out and the perfect por-
tions reunited with as little delay as possible. In
case of a storm, apparatus has been provided to al-
low for any extraordinary strain that may occur,
and, if necessary, for cutting the cable without let-
ting the outer end of it slip to the bottom of the
ocean, whence it might never be recovered. It'
such an emergency there are large reels of auxiliary
cable of great strength, which could be attached to
the end ; and these auxiliary cables can be sus-
pended from huge float-shaped buoys on the surface

of the water, capable of resisting a very consider-
able strain till all danger has passed.
The month of August has been chosen fer the
submersion of the cable as likely to afford the
best conditions for the enterprise in regard to
weather. The three great obstacles mai st to be
fearel in such a work were fogs, floating ice, and
storms. There is the greatest freedom from fogs
in winter, from storms in June, and from ice in
August, and, upon consulting Lieutenant Maury,
from the 20th of July t..) the 12th of August has
been fixed upon as the most favourable period for
the undertaking. It may therefore be cmfidently
anticipated that the result of this great enterprise,
to which every one must heartily w;sh complete
success, will be known to the world by about the
16th of next month, or possibly at an earlier
date. The spirit which Lancashire entered into
the project which is being so rapidly put into exe-
cution, is indicated in the fact that 15,0001. of the
capital has been subscribed in that county.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.-July 15.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. o,,mtnissioner Gaillimn].)
IN THE MATTER OF THE LONDON, HARWICH, AND
CONTINENTAL STEAM-PACKET COMPANY (LIMITED).
The prospects of this company stated that the
capital was 100,0001., in 10,000 sharis of 101. each,
with power to increase. 21. per share payable on
allotment. Provisionally registered, with liability
limited. The trustees were—Mr. D. Waddington,
M.P., 4, Spring gardens ; Mr. J. 13.1.gsluw,
director of the Eastern Counties Railway ; and
Colonel W. P. Waugh, director of the L'uldon and
Eastern Banking Corporation (now bankrupt).
The directors were—Colonel W. P. Waugh, Brank-
sea Castle, Dorset ; Mr. R. L. Leckie (late of
Bombay), George-street, Portman-square ; Mr. W.
Shaw, 1, Kensington-park terrace • Mr. G. °rant,
(late chairman of the Oriental. Bank, Born-
bay), 4, Great Russell-street ; Mr. F. C.
Zillesen, director of the Dutch-Rhenish Rail-
way Company, Amsterdam ; Sir H. Durrant,
Bart., Scottow Hall, Norfolk • Mr. H. Ward,
H. E. I. C. S., K. I. , Alb ny ; Mr. J. E. Pan -
ter, director of the St. George's Insurance Com-
pany, Pall-Mall and Fulham ' • Mr. A. Walls,
Ll,)yd's, and 11, Leadenhall-street ; and Captain
Raymond, Albion-square, Dalston, managing di-
rector of the steam-vessels. The prospectus set
forth that "the company was established with a
view to afford the public increased facilities in the
conveyance of mails, passengers, specie, and mer-
chandise, batween England, via Harwich, and the
ports of Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, &c. A
traffic arrangement for a term of years has been
entered into with the Eastern Counties Railway
Company on advantageous terms, and the directors
have secured the co-operation of the authorities of
the Dutch-Rhenish Railway Company, and• the
other inland navigatiou and railway establishments
in Holland and Germany—all of whom are so con-
vinced of the advantages to be derived from this
line of communication, as the most desirable for
passenger traffic, and the speedy conveyance of
merchandise and perishable goods, that they are
anxious to promote the views of the company to the
fullest possible extent."

This.was a petition. The following is the form
of order drawn up :

"In the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street, Lon-
don, July 15, 1857. In the matter of the London,
Harwich, and Continental Steam Packet Company,
limited. In the matter of the Joint Stock Company's
Act, 1856. (Before Mr. Commisioner Gonlburn.)
" Whereas a petition was, on the 6th day of July,
instant, presented in this Court by Thomas Barton,
Upper IVellington-street, No. 2, advertiser, as creditor
of the said company (for 8001), in pursuance of the pro-
visions of the said act, praying that an order might be
made for the winding-up of the affairs of the said com-
pany, under the said act, and that, for that purpose, all
necessary and proper directions might be given, or
that such other order might be made in the premises as
the nature of the case might require. No w, upon hear-
ing the said petition and the true affidavits of the said
Thomas Barton, &0., sworn, respectively, on the 6th
July instant, and the other depositions filed in this
matter, and upon hearing what was alleged by Mr.
Hackwood, of Messrs. Linklater and Hackwood, as so-
licitors for the petition, and Mr. Gustard, the solicitor
for the said company, I do now order that the said ccm•
pany be wound up by this court under the said act."
Messrs. Linklater and Hackwood are the solicitors to
the petition; Mr. Pennell is-the official liquidator.

wilful murder of the female child of her daughter the house fivo or six times before, but saw no un.
Emma Marson, at Olney, on the 13th of December lawful games played.
lass. •
Castoff, another defendant, was taken
Verdict of not guilty was returned. by Burd,e to Goodman's lest n'ght for the first
tine, and belreve i that by going he would be able
to get some intirm 4ioit at:out a race at the house.
Saw no gaming at the house while he was there. •
Mr. L wis, for the defence, contended that noth-
ing had been put in evidence to show that this was,
as alleged, a common gaming house, or that the
parties found in the house were there for gaming
purp,s-s. The reason why so many persons were
in th- house was because some notoriety attached
to Goodman.
Mr. Bing.iam said as this procedure was under a
new act, he would give his judgment next Wed-
nesday,

NORTHERN CIRCUIT.
YORK, JULY 14.
CROWN COURT. --(Bef, qe Mr. Baron Channel].)
Richard Stead wa indicted for forging and utter-
ing a certificate of his character wish intent to de-
ceive Bei nard Granville Layard, and ob oda thereby
an appointment in the E tsc Riding constabulary at
Beverley, on the 18th of April lase.
The jury found the prisoner guiity.
Seri' ence deferred.
Isaac Rushforth, aged 42, and who is marked in
the calendar as reading imperfectly, was indicted
for feloniously administering a quinti'y of seeds of s
paradise to Kitty Littlewood, with intent to pro-
cure abortion, at East Ardsley, on the 2d of Febru-
ary last.
Mr. Shaw prosecuted, and Mr. Middleton de-
fended the prisoner.
From the opening statement of the learned coun-
sel and front the evidencs of the prosecut rix, a sallow,
ill-favoured I ookingyoung woman, of 26 years of age,
it appeared that at the latter end of last year she
resided with her father at Sheffield, and the priso-
ner lived in the Dewsbury-road, Leeds. The pri-
soner, it appeared, had got a reputation as a wizard,
and the prosecutrix having been unwell for a con-
siderable time, and the doctors she employed doing
her no good, acting on the advice of a neighbour,
she went with her father to Leeds to consult the
prisoner. The prisoner, as the prosecutrix described
it, " ruled her planet and gave her some pills."
Not improving under his treatment, she sent for
him to Sheffied, and the prisoner then told her
she would never prosper unless she went to live at
West Ardsley—a place near Leeds, and easily ac-
cessible. She and her father accordingly went to
live at West Ardsley, and there the prisoner fre-
quently saw her. At first he gave her some medi-
cine, which he said was for palpitation of the heart.
He then told_ her she woull never he well unless
she suffers; 1 him to have connexion with her. This
she refuaed several times. She afterwards removed
to Eaat Ardsley, and the prisoner continued to at-
tend her, and at length she permitted him to have
an improper intercourse with her, on his represen-
tation that she would never get well unless he did.
On one occasion he gave her something which stu-
pefied her, and it was on that occasion that the in-
tercourse commenced, and it was of erwards con-
tinued for some time. At length sheb,-carne in the
familyway, and the prisoner then brought her a
quantity of seeds of paradise, and told her to make
tea of it. and drink it. She did so, and had a mis-
carriage on the 26th of March. On another occa-
sion after that the prisoner brought her a bullock's
heart and some shoemaker's awls. He burnt the
heart and said the awls were to keep her enemies
off. She was to, place them under her pillow and
wear them in her pocket. He also sent her two
pieces of parchment as charms, and said one would
get her a young man and the other was to prevent
her being bewitched. She gave him 5/. for these.
On cross-examination it appeared she had a child 6
years ago, and that the prisoner hadgivenupiiaitiog
her b 4ore she preferred this charge. The inspector
of police who took the prisoner into custody, found
a great number of fortune-telling books at his
house, and books relating to "ruling the planets."
On being taking into custody he said he had ruled
the prosecutrix's planet and found she was be-
witched ; he ruled it a second time, and thought
she was not. He found her illness arose from want
of 'a man, and told her so, and riser, had intercourse
with her, which she permitted. It was proved that
the administration of au infusion of seeds of para-
dise was likely to be very injurious to a pregnant
woman, and to procure abortion.
The learned counsel for the prisoner objected that
there was no proof of the administration of the thug
by the prsoner.
His Lordship overruled this objection, and,
The learned counsel having addressed the jury
for the defence,
His Lordship summed up, and
The jury found the prisoner Guilty.
His Lordship said it was quite lamentable to
think that such an amount of ignorance should pre-
vail. The prisoner had availed himself of the igno-
rance of the prosecutrix to seduce her, and after-
wards, to save her from a certain amount of expo-
sure, but also to save himself, he had caused her to
take a noxious drug calculated to procure abortion.
Such practices must be severely punished. The
sentence of the Court was that he be imprisoned
18 calendar months, with hard labour.

FRENCH ACADAMY OF SCIENCES.

At the last sitting M. Mahistre communicated a
contlivauce of his fur gradually shutting out the
steam in any kind of steaneengines.—M. Bonnet
sent in a paperou the chemical composition of bones,
in which he adverted to various sources of error in
previous analyses. Thus he thinks it impossible to
determine the quantity of water contained in a bone;
since, before it can be analysed, it must be exposed
to a strong current of watertu cleanse it fromgrease
and other extraneous matter ; so that, in fact, *
quantity of water previously introduced is taken
into account. Then, during the incineration of a
bone a quantity of carbonic acid is evolved, which
ig tle2refoie lost. To avoid these errors, he first
lets the bone macerate in alcohol and ether, and
weighs it when dry ; then, after burning the or-
ganic matter, he dissolves the phosphate of lime
in hydrochloric acid, precipitates the solution by
chloride of iron, rids the precipate by ammonia
of the iron it contains, and then, by, a simple cal-
culation' he obtains the results. In a communica-
tion on the solubility of fossil phosphates of lime
in the acids of the soil, M. Deherain establishes
that the nodules of phosphate of lime are n t easily
soluble in carbonic acid ; but little so in acetic
acid at 5 deg., unless previously exposed to the
air for some time ; but that they are more soluble
in acetic and carbonic acid* combined, after expo-
sure to the air. Hence he concludes that fossil
phosphates of lime are inapplicab'e for manure in
those kinds of.soil in which carbonio acid exists
alone, unless they be previously treated with the
stronger acids ; but that these phosphates
ground to powder may be very useful in soils
where acetic and carbonic acids exist together,
as is the cwe in heaths recently cleared for culti-
vation. M. Templer sent in a note on the,
neral waters of eondillac (Tarn), showing that,
being impregnated with gases, aikalis, iron, and
iodine, they are eminently/applicable both as me'
dicinal waters in many chronic affections, and
during convalea_ience after certain acute disorders,
and as waters for drinking at table, like Seltzer'
water, &c.—The Minister of Foreign Affairs trans',
mitted a communicition from the Minister. 01
Fut eign Affairs of Denmark, announcing that.tw'e
of the blocks of wood thrown into the sea from the
Imperial yacht, La Rein@ Hoitense, for the pur'
pose of ascertaining the direction and velocity 0t
;
the curl eute, have beet, picked up on the coast
Denmark ; one on the Ist of December last on the
Kjetn, in the sub-prefecture of Skagafiorde andt
the other in September (the exact date unknown)
on the coact or filagr, in the parish of Bards's;
strand. The former bad been thrown overboard
on the 11th of July, 1856, the v'essel being in lat.
69 deg. 6 min. N., and long. 13 deg. 13 min. W'
The paper contained in the latter block was spoilt"
but enough could be decyphered to show that 0
was cast into the sea on the 28th of June, 18561
in lit. 62 deg. 24 min. N., and long. 16 deg. 2v•
min. W. A letter was read from M. Lecq,
an account of a shock of earthquake felt *6
Clermont-Fernand ou the 16th ult., at 114 'pelt
The direction seemed to be from north to south; 1v
lasted between three and font seconds, and N'f3s
accompanied by a rumbling noise in the. air'
About 12 minutes afterwards a Second and lVeblet
shock was felt, which lasted somewhat longer'
Some time alter a storm arose, with thunder- and
rain.