The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-02 00:00:00

TESTIMONIAL TO MR. R. R. BIGNELL.

On Friday evening last we had the gratification ot
witnessing one of those pleasing ceremonies in connec-
tion with employer and employed it is at all times de-
lightful to contemplate, as evincing that complete iden-
tity of interest and kindness of disposition ore towards
another that should always exist between them. Un-
fortunately for society these examples are rare excep-
tions to the general rule, which the money-making
pressure of this iron age has inaugurated, but when
instances of this kind are met with they are as refresh-
ing to the philanthrophist as the genial shower is to the
parched earth. Wherever such instances of identity of
feeling are found, they cannot fail to enhance the pro--
perity and happiness of all concerned, for where an em-
ployer sympathises with those dependant on him far
support, and seeks to benefit them in promoting his own
interest, he draws around him willing hands, whose
energies are cheerfully and readily put forth in behalf
Hof him whom they venerate and re- pest for his kindly
and benevolent disposition ; and they meet their re-
ward in the crowning success of their exertions. For
many years past this unity of feeling has existed between
Mr. Bignell and those in his employ, and in the hour of
difficulty the latter have nobly stepped forward to sym-
pathise with, cheer, and encourage him to renewed exer-
tions to defeat the unscrupeeus machinations of indi-
viduals whose unjust persecutions savour more of
Private revenge than zeal for the public good. Mr.
Big,n,-11, for a period of seven years, has been the
spirited and enterprising proprietor of the Argyll
Rooms, giving enapleyment to upwards of a huadred
persons of known respectability and character—most of
them as musicians who rank high in their profession for
their acknowledged abilities—and throughout that long
period his management has been characterised with that
regard to propriety and order that we believe we are
correct in stating that though upwards of a million and
a half of visitors have attended his entertainments, not a
single case of riot, disturbance, or even intoxication, has
been witnessed within the walls of his establi-hment ;
nor has a single charge of a criminal nature, not even a
case of a common a4sault occurred. In fact, no charge
of any description has ever been made against it.
Notwithstanding these facts, undue pressure has been
brought to bear on Mr. Bignell, and the faults of others
have been visited on him. Our readers are ne doubt
aware that this country, with its boasted legislation,
retains on the statute-book a number of barbarous Acts
of Parliament, which are used as occasion requires as
instruments of torture, and woe betide the uniortunate
individual who gets stretched upon their wheels as they
trundle from court to court in the hopes of crushing
their victims. One of these is the well-known Act
passed in 1747, "For the better Preventing Thefts and
Robberies, and for Regulating Places of Public Enter-
tainment, and of Punishing Persons Keeping Dirorderiy
Houses," at a time when we bad no police to restrain
disorder, and society generally was in a different state
than now. By this Act, every public place of amuse-
ment and recreation, where music and dancing takes
place, requires the sanction of a licence, to be grant-
ed by the Justices of Peace in Quarter Sessions,
but they unfortunately delegate their powers to
the police, by giving credence to statements which,
if thoroughly examined and tested, would in
many instances be found to fail. It of is one of these
ea parte statements, and founded on data known only to
exist in the fertile imagination of the constituted autho-
rities that Mr. Bignell complains of having been unjustly
treated, by the withdrawal of his license, and it the
statement above given be true relative to the number
of persons who have visited the Argyll Rooms, and the
other fact that no complaint or disturbance requiring
magisterial interference has occurred within the welts,
we think, and we feel the public will also think with us,
that that gentleman has been most unjustly treated by the
withirawal of his licence, for we question very much if any
of the other recognised places ot amusement the Middle-
sex magistrates patronised produced better certificates
of character, on which to ask for the permission of the
police, and the sanction of the justices to allow "free
born" Englishmen and Etigliihwomen to participate
is the refined enjoyment, and beaLbful recreation of
high class music intersperced with dancing, than the
Argyll Rooms. Sympathising with Mr. Bignell for the
unjust persecution he has been sul.jected to, and know-
ing also the great loss be must sustain by the
closing of the rooms, this worthy band of employdes
has rallied round him with a zeal and devotion truly
gratifying to witness, and whilst presenting him with a
substantial testimonial for the past, assure him of their
readiness to make a sacrifice, if necessary, to assist lairn
in obtaining next year the renewal of the licence. As
soon as it was known that the licence was withdrawn,
the employees commenced a sub,gription amongst them-
selves, and raised a sufficient sum of money with which
to purchase a handsome vase or cup to present Mr.
Bignell as a tdken ot their regard and esteem, and Fri-
day list was appointed for the presentation.
The ceremony took place in the Adelaide Gallery,
after Cm termination of the evening's amusement. This
place has been taken by Mr. Bignell for the accommo-
dation cif his friends. It has been re-decorated and fitted
up in an elegant stele truly surprising, considering the
short period in which it has been accomplished, and we
hope Mi. Bignell's enterprise will be rewarded by his
patrons with that liberality he so justly deserves.
Mr. HALL, of the orchestra, on behalf of M. Lamont, the
leader, who isunable to speak English, presented the vase,
accompanied with an address elegantly emblazoned on vel-
Juin, to Mr Bignell, and in doing so briefly but feelingly
alluded to what had occurred in reference to the license,
remarking that the of jectioes raised to its renewal, if of
any force, applied more to certain theatres and places
of amusement in the metropolis now open than to the
Argyll-rooms. After some observations relative to the
kindly feeling that had existed between them for so
many years, which it was hoped would continue, and
the readiness of the orchestra and the other employees to
render Mr. Bignell all the assistance possible for the
attainment of his rights, he presented the testimonial to
that gentleman amid the applause of all present.
Mr. BIGNELL, in acknowledging this spontaneous and
unexpected ebulition of feeling towards him of those in
his employ, assured them that his object had been to
study their interests in connection with his own, and he
was gratified to find that his conduct, after a connection
of so many years, had gained for him their esteem and
regard. He bad watched their actions narrowly during
the time they had been in his employ, and be was happy
to be able to inform them that .t had been such as to
give him general satisfaction. As a body of men he was
proud to belconnected with them, and as artists he would
challenge them against any band in England of the same
strength. As a sporting man, and a keeper of race-horses,
he had striven hard to win a cup, but he had always been
unsuccessful, his horse invariably running second. On
this occasion, however, he found himself unexpectedly the
winner of a cup, which he should value far beyond what
his ambition, in a different course of life, led him to
hope. He sincerely thanked them for their kindness,
and expressed a hope that next year he should be suc-
cessful in obtaining the renewal of the licence, and that
they would all again meet at the Argyll-rooms after a
brief sojourn at the Adelaide Gallery.
Mr. Whittaker, Mr. Goldshede, and other gentlemen,
expressed themselves in warm terms of approbation ot
Mr. Bignell's conduct as an employer, the first gentle-
man
nfotobtathisMern.emßiiegsn,epllerwseocuuld
tshortlyraud
sa
be felt gratified in being able publicly
to bear testimony to Mr. Bignell's honourable fulfil-
ment gd a
under hope
inent of all his engagements, for he had never known an
slanderers. erx :tree. st
sr
le.nHo n
also
instance when the treasurer bad been at fault at the pro.
per time.
Mr. BIGNELL having expressed, in gratifying termF;
his high opinion of M. Lamont, Mr.
bythosegentlemenpresent, h
inthe establishment,
interesting
ti wnghic h was
nHall, and other-
respondedt
to
proceedings
termi-
nated.

THE ART TREASURES EXHIBITION.— There remains
now visible but a mere fraunent of our late glorious Ex.
hibition. Nearly all the historical portraits have disap-
peared ; a great proportion of the sculpture bay been
packed ; not more than a score of works by modern
artists remain hung in the three saloons ; and of the
ancient masters, perhaps some 150 only are now upon
the walls. The great bulk of the contributions of her
Majesty the Queen has been dispatched to Windsor or
to the metropolis ; and, this forenoon, a special engine
starts with most carefully-loaded trucks, bearing all that
remains. Her Majesty's contributions
ize fill no
and less than
139 cases, some of them of the largest s ; it must
statement has no reference
whatever to the many pictures and other works contri.
bated by the Prince Coaslrt, which are very neatly ready
to be returned.---/Ifarickester Guardian.
CRYSTAL EAL.tos.—One Shilling Day, Saturday,t-Oot.
31.—Admissions on payment, 1,582 ; ditto by season
tickets, 598; total vititOts, 2,180.

CHINA.

(Prom the Times' Special Correspondent.)
ON THE IMPERIAL CANAL, AUG. 10.
I have a Ningpo servant hired for this trip, for
'glen, upon arriving at Shanghai, I found Mr.
A'Lin trying to communicate with his countrymen
by means of Canton English, it was plain that he
would not be of much use to me in difficulties up
the country. I had no idea that those provincials
arnze so entirely incomprehensible to each other.
The voice of A'Yu awoke me to a sense that I was
a public character. We were moored in the suburb
of the city of Kiahing, and every barge in the
neighbourhood was crowded by spectators contem-
plating the sleeping and, doubtless, snoring barba-
rian. The excitement was very great when the
outer foreigner threw aside his mosquito curtains
and appeared in loose jacket and sleeping trowsers,
but it reached its highest point when he took a
header into the canal. The best part of the enter-
tainment, however, seemed to be when the barba-
rian, his swim being accomplished, had to climb up
the rope into the boat, with his dripping pajamas,
and pull all his curtains about him. The water is
quite clean, and the Chinese throw nothing away.
We have now got into districts where the people
very rarely see foreigners, and their surprise and
astonishment are as great as if they had never even
seen one before. I confess I think this perpetual
mobbing insufferable. My Chinese disguise does
very well to go through a city in a chair, but it will
not do to walk about with. The first dog I meet
resents the imposture and draws upon me the cri-
ticism and curiosity of the multitude. A
Chinese bourgeois wears no hat. He is the only
human creature who shaves his head and defies
the blazing sun. Five minutes of this would
infallibly produce brain fever in a Europeon, so we
are obliged to use either the straw hat of the
Chinese peasant or the pith bat of the Hong Kong
merchant. You must, however, wear Chinese
clothes ; you could not move a step through these
cities in European clothes—they would excite a
frenzy of curiosity. I saw much more of the city of
Kiahing by water than I did by land, hut these
cities of the delta are like Venice or Amsterdam, it
is only from their canals that you can see them.
Although but a third-class city, we were at least
an hour passing through Kiahing. There are vast
stores of that thick pottsry ware used at Shanghai
for baths and coarser utensils, much of it well orna-
mented. There are large carpenters' shops contain-
ing the simple silk-winding machine of the Chinese,
in every stage of completion. We are now far ad-
vanced into the silk district. There is a large esta-
blishment for crushing seeds and making oil. We
land to inspect it, and the proprietor is polite and
explanatory. There are tea-shops overhanging the
water, and the customers, naked to the waist, are
lounging and smoking and sipping from their
little cups a weak infusion without milk or sugar.
Then there is a break in the continuity of hahita-
tions—a rick of rice straw and a grove of mulberry
trees, not large round topped trees such as we see in
France and Italy, but trees free to grow as nature
p'e ,sea, and bearing their leaves down to the bottom
of their stems. Of the mi.:lions of mulberry tress I
have seen in this part every one has a good healthy
foliage, and not oae has been stripped in the manner
I have somewhere seen described. Passing this
agricultural internal, we again immerge into the
city. We seem now to be in a district of merely
domestic dwellings. The enormous signboards
covered with gigantic Chinese characters are less
frequent. There is a fat Chinawoman and her
pretty little round plump daughter hanging out
clothes in a very small number of square inches of
drying ground under the eaves of their cottage.
In another building there is a solitary damsel em-
ployed upon her embroidery ; and in another a
palm-leaf fan is being used to drive the mosquitos
out of the curtains. The little domesticities of life
are going on while the men are at business.
Throughout the whole extent of Kiahing and of
every other city in this neighbourhood there are
well-finished quays of faced granite, having at every
20 yards broad stone stairs down into the water ;
upon these the long-tailed race both men and chil-
dren, stand and fish. Some of the stores are very
extensive, run a long way back, and are divided
from their 'neighbours by thick and high party
walls ; but the houses are all built to the same pat-
tern—a garret above a shop, a slanting roof of
tiles, and projecting eaves over both the shop and
the garret. This is the unvarying form. Sign-
boards with immense characters, the presence or
absence of fiowerpotsand casements, and the various
characters of the commodities for sale constitute
the only difference. We entered Kiahing through
an archway in the wall, and quitted it through a
similar aperture. There is no difference between
the city and the suburb, except that inside the walls
the canals are narrower.
Again we were in the country, among the mul-
berry trees and the rice-fields, the patches of
tobacco, the sepulchral mounds, with their waving
banners of high reeds, the gourds trellised on
bamboo framework, and the agricultural population
all at work—men and women, with equal energy,
treading at their irrigation wheels. Here is the
secret of the fertility of this great delta. Every
hundred yards a little farnilytreadwheel, with its
line of tiny buckets, is erected over the canal, and
the water is thrown up to refresh the mulberry
trees or mature the rice. When the Arabs learn
to labour like this the plain of the Metidja may
become as productive as this delta of the two rivers.
We must have passed 10,000 people to-day engaged
in this irrigation process.
Towards evening we arrived at the first-class city
of Keashin, where found myself surrounded by
1111 the scum of the city. They were never hostile,
but they stoop and poke out their heads and stare
their very hardest at you in a close circle. They
gently lay hold on your hand to examine the ring.
They beg to be allowed to remove your spectacles,
and make the most impertinent remarks upon the
colour of your eyes. Mine are of the most ridiculous
and unnatural of all colours—blue • and they are
such a curiosity that a crowd of Chinamen will
stare at them for half an hour without winking, hut
occasionally laughing heartily to each other. My
hief prosecutor at Keashin was a fellow who
squinted horribly. I thought myself justified in
pointing out this fact to the crowd, and thus got rid
of him, for there was a roar of laughter, amid
which he slunk away.
All this is mere curiosity. There is no feeling of
hostility to strangers. If a Mandarin were officially
informed of our presence we should probably be
arrested and sent back ; the fact that no one cares
to do so shows that the people feel no displeasure
at our presence.

After a little intercourse this would all cease, but
at present it is an insufferable affliction. lam not
fastidious, but a hundred Chinamen crowding round
and pushing one another close upon you is not a
pleasant position. You must add, moreover, that
the thermometer is standing at 100, that these fel-
lows are all naked to the waist, and that the Chinese
are not only a cute race but also eminently a cuta-
neous people.
Keashin is but a larger Keahing. All these
cities on the plain are just alike. At Keashin, how-
ever, we leave that network of canals which, al-
though over 50 yards broad, are now narrowed to a
channel by 1 ght bamboo partitions on each side.
The enclosed sidewater is hired and cultivated as
ling gardens, a water-loving root, which the Eng-
lish call " buffalo head," and which the Chinese
much affect. Worse, however, than the ling gar-
dens, the huge hulks of the Imperial grain junks
encumber these small canals. Since the rebels have
been established at Nankin the inland communica-
tion has been stopped, and the food of Pekin goes
round by sea. Many hundreds therefore of these
junks have become useless. They are rotting in all
directions, filling up the channels—some above
water, some below, all, of them in decay. They
must not be broken up, or sold, or burnt—they are
Imperial property. At Keashin we enter upon the
Imperial canal. Between the carefully piled bank s
.f this noble river, for it is as wide as the Thames
at Kew, we journey for three days, passing and
sometimes tarrying at villages and towns and cities.
It is the country, however, which is most inte-
resting.

" Clod made the country and man made the town."
may be true in England, but here man has as much
to do in making the country as in making the
town.

There is no lack of objects
as we pass up towed
by these hardy boatmen.T he irrigation wheels are
constantly going ;
risen and women
i
.il_e working under
their awning of mats.
Thenkr the vehicles for
s and boats are
se
never ceasing—who shall
number
water-carriage which China
poslam
man, with his flock of fishing cormesorl The fisher-
on his punt or swimming after him 'i:tsperch®d
passing
under the bank, and I notice that if a cOr m o r elt
up
gets a large fish which he cannot swallow, he
takesl
it to the punt and receives something which his
master pushes into his mouth in return for it ; but
if it be an eel or small fish he tries to escape with
it and swallow it, and if he is beyond the reach
of the fisherman's crook he generally do?s so.
Near the towns the banks are lined at intervals
_ .

of a few hundred yards with triumphal monuments
in stoue. This monument is of one type but n
always of one pattern—two bright square pillars,
two or three horizontal bars bearing inscriptions,
and a pediment on the top like a section on the
roof of a Chin-se temple. They have erected six
of these at Canton to celebrate the expulsion of
the English. Here they commemorate the virtues

of some defunct matron. There are graves
also. Sometimes these are mounds, sometimes
coffins placed upon the earth, and sometimes cof-
fins cased over with dry brickwork. Oct cionally
a beggar has made his home in the coffin, and comes
forth from it to beg.
The only Chinese objects which to the eye of
Western taste are really beautiful are the bridges
that cross their canals at frequent intervals. The
willow-pattern plate, so faithful in other matters,
dons not do them justice. Sometimes they consist
of three arches, but generally of only one. In the
latter case solid ma.onry of carefully faced granite
or limestone advances into the water from either
side. In the centre springs a light and graceful arch
—more than a semicircle, quite half an oval ; it
springs 40 feet high, and the crown of the arch has
not twofeet of superstructure resting upon it. There
is no keystone, but the thin coping stones are cut in
the proper curve. The bridge itself is a terrace
mounted by steps on either side at an angle of 45
degrees. The effect is very graceful and airy, and
asino wheeled carriages are used in China (except
wheelbarrows) they answer all practical purposes.
A sunset on the Imperial canal, with the monu-
ments on the banks, a vista of these bridges, and
the mountains of Nganhwui in the far distance, is
a sight I shall remember when I look again upon
Claudes and Turners.
We are thankful that at least there are mountains
in view ; for this perpetual level, fat and fertile as
it is, grows depressing.
It is our fifth day, and we are expecting to reach
Hangchan, where all our difficulties of transit must
be expected.
While writing I have passed along five miles of
rural district with banks all builtup, like a Par,sian
quay, of wrought granite, and the towing-path
carried over stone bridges which cross the frequent
branches of this immense artificial navigation. I
despair of conveying the idea of cyclopean work,
enormous traffic patient inquiry, vast natural fer-
tility, individual content, and peaceful prosperity
with which this journey impresses me. The pago-
das are in ruins, and where the quays have fallen
there is no hand to repair them. The Imperial
grain junks are rotting and the few forts are in
decay. But these evidences of decrepitude in the
rulers have not yet operated to affect the personal
happiness which springs from fertile lands and in-
dustrious husbandman.
At the end of one of the old straight lines of this
highway we discern at last a far extending mass of
houses, whose walls exult in bright whitewash and
whose roofs are all of old grey tiles. These houses
seem to extend far back and to overspread the
plain that intervenes between the bank of the canal
and the highlands that form the background of our
present view.
This, seen through a mob of junks, moving and
still, is Hangchau as it appears from the Imperial
canal. All things indicate the capital of a great
province. Our old friends the Imperial grain junks
have been rotting in hundreds for the last ten miles,
the canal has been of extending width, Mandarin
passage boats, towed by strings of coolies have
gone by sounding their gongs and flaunting their
banners, while the Mandarin looked out from his
seat of honour, and from behind his fan eagerly
eyed the strangers. The commercial navy of China
(pur sang—no schooners or lorchas) were taking
la paper, tea, rice,, oil, bamboo basket work,
and a thousand other articles of produce. They are
loading the tea here in its natural state in chests
protected by mating. It is all for Shanghai andthe
export market. That is to say, it is all of that high-
dried kind which will pass tee sea. I counted 18
junks of about 200 tons each lying together ready-
laden with this European necessity.
STJBITIMS OF B.ANGCHAIT, AUG. 11.
The irrigation wheel has now entirely given way
to the wharE The banks ou either bide are as the
banks of tie Thames when it reaches the city's
eastern suburb. High above roofs and masts rise
two lofty poles, whose cross bars show them to be
ensigns of official authority. They stand before a
large public edifice. In China all public edifices are
of the same pattern ; josshouses and palaces and
public offices might and very freqtently do inter-
change their purposes without much alteration.
The building before us has the usual double tier of
shelving roofs with upturne 1 corners, as though
the original designer of this style had taken the
prows of four Greek galleys and put them toge-
ther, with their rostra facing to the four cardinal
points. It also has a very extensive gallery, which
comes out on piles into the canal, and is roofed and
ornamented in proper Official style, and crowded
with Chinese officials. This b uilding is the celebrated
" Pain Kwan," or "Ta Kwan"—the "new" or
the " great" Custom-house. This is the foe of Man-
chester and Leeds, and Nottingham and Sheffield.
This is the first lock in the ascending water-way.
Here British calicoes get their first lift, to be still
further lifted at very short stages. There is no es-
cape. Here the Imperial canal. ends. There are
small feeders which come down from places in the
neighbourhood, but here the navigation ceases.
There is a magnificent navigable river which rolls
on the other aide of the city, but with this the lin-
perial has no connection. Such is the Imperial
policy. Here at Hangchow everything must be
transhipped.
We pulled up at the Castorn-house, an'i I am
ready for the rigorous search which must take
pla.:e. I was determined to solve this mystery of
the differential duties. I had a piece of printed j
calico and a packet of clasp knives, and also some
of my Chinese clothing, not yet worn, on the table.
I was fully resolved to hive a considerable discus-
sion over the payment for these things.
After a few moments, a man, something between
the Coolie and compredor class, and without even
the small pyramidal official straw hat, put his head
into the boat and said, as plain as unintelligible
words and significant gesture could speak, "That
will do ; go on."
" But tell him," roared I to A'yu, "that I have
duties to pay."
" He talkee all right."
"Tell him thesis boxes are all full of salt, and
the boat is full of contraband goods."
"He taikee no mintiest."
" Tell him we haven't paid the boat toll."
" He talkee bamboo boatee man."
At this hint we were at once propelled from the
shore, and I was left with my British produce to
mourn over the fallibility of the best laid schemes.
It way quite evident now that the officials were
determined to ignore our presence. I knew there
was a toll that would amount to nearly a dollar
each on our boats ; they refused, however, to take
it from us. They allow us now to pass the Cus-
tom-house unquestioned. They are dearly treat-
ing the three Englishmen as Dogberry thought it
best to treat rogues. Now I began to make frantic
inquiries from Chinamen about the mttter I had
ietended to settle myself. lam told that at this
"Ta Kwan" they take 15 cash, or about three-
halfpence, for a piece of China cloth, and 400 cash,
or 35. for English. A Chinaman will always
give you an answer, and it will generally-be the
first phrase that comes into his head. I paid
little attention to this assertion and should
not have repeated it, but that it seems to accord
with my subsequent experience. Shanghai is full
of English nods ; at Kiahing and K ashun I
saw some English " domestics ;" but after we had
passed the " Ta Twan" I never saw anything Eng-
lish exhibited for sale, except English sewing cot-
ton, which had penetrated even to the primitive
city of Peh Kwan. It may be that the duties on
English goods are as heavy as my Chinese infor-
mant says, but I must admit that I do not think
the testimony worth much.
We now held a council. Shall we try to invade
the city or nit ? Hangchow is, next to Pekin, the
most zealously-guarded city in the empire. "There
is Heaven above, but there are Hangchow and
Sooehoo on earth," say the Chinese poets. It was
for no short time the Imperial capital. It has al-
ways been essentially Chinese. Annals of martyr-
doms tell still of the massacre of 800 Christians at
Hangchow. During the last war many of our kid-
napped sailors were sent here as to a place of secu-
rity, and butchered after a mock trial. Several
Europeans have sail they have been into the city,
but they have given no more description of the
place than if they had not been there. They pro-
bably passed through in well-closed chairs. Even
this cannot be easily done. The last attempt was
made by Mr. Ed king, and it resulted in his being
taken into custody and sent back under an escort
on his road to Shanghai.
On the whole, it was thought wiser to go on at
once to the famous lake, with its gardens of ling,
its fairy tea-houses, its mighty Buddhist temples,
its Imperial Palace, and its pagoda-crowned sur •
rounding mountains.. On one side it washes the

city walls, so we shall not be far away. It is the
glory of Hangchow, and the boast of the Celestial
Empire ; so it is probably much better worth see-
ing ihau the city itself:

VILLAGE OF SEHOO, AUG. 14.
Avoiding the gates of Hangchow, and making a
wide circuit, we tracked our way through devioust
ditches up to a village about half a mile distant
from the lake and about a mile distant from the
walls of Ilangchow This v 1 age is full of coo'ies
and chairs, and its business seem,. to be to convey
the burgesses of Ilongchan about to the temples
and gardens. There is no entrance into the lake
for us. We lie off the vil!age in six inches of green
water. Ague and fever seem to float around.
Three nights we slept in thii SI wamp.
Our days were passed in the great Buddhist
temples and in the monasteries of the Bonzes. They
take us to the Temple of the Great Buddha—.a
mighty bust, 40 feet high, carved out of the rock and
Gilt—thence to a still larger temple,* where a niovina
pagoda
and 49 colossal idols commemorate the 49
transmigrations of Buddha.. Thence across rich.