The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-24 00:00:00

THE SUN,' LONDON, SATURDAY tVEITIVNG, AUGUST 24, 1861

_
Precisely in this twofold manner has the national
interest been awakened of late years in regard
to one of the very remotest of all our
colonies that noble archipelago in the South
Seas constituting our veritable Antipodes. Our
interest in the rise and progress of that far off co-
lony of ours in New Zealand has been enhanced of
late, in fact, just by the simple combination of these
ordinary and extraordinary circumstances. The con-
tinual recurrence there latterly of so many wretched
little galling wars with the natives—has in one
sense come to the aid of the colony of New Zealand,
inasmuch as it has served to fix upon it more
closely than ever the attention of the mother
country. The allurements held out by the
promoters of the Canterbury Settlement have
failed— conspicuous and remarkable though
many of them undoubtedly are—to awaken an
interest in the fortunes of the colony at large,
in any respect comparable to what has unques-
tionably resulted (however indirectly) in this way,
from the variable tidings of War and Peace,
coming to us now for some time past, mail
after mail, from those antarctic regions—in
effect, as we have said, from our very
Antipodes. Englishmen living at home are quietly
becoming vividly aware at length of the facts
hitherto but obscurely known (and that moreover
in a very fragmentry sense) in regard to the attrac-
tions of New Zealand as a field for immigration.
And the more this general interest in New Zealand
has latterly increased, the larger have become the
opportunities for the gratification of the very
natural curiosity awakened by it in inquiring minds
among the masses of our home population. Books,
maps, pamphlets, newspapers relating to New Zea-
land have begun of late to drop in upon us with
greater frequency. It is not long since we took
occasion to comment upon one of the most elabo-
rate works that has yet issued from the press
in respect to this distant colony of Eng-
land in the southern hemisphere. We have
this evening the opportunity of remarking,
not as then, upon a single Book in reference to
New Zealand, but simultaneously upon there very
noticeable publications of a different kind relating
to New Zealand namely, to a New Zealand
Map,. New Zealand Pamphlet, and a New Zea-
land Newspaper. The Journal is a many-columned
sixpenny daily paper published at Auckland,
and called the New Zealander : and it is filled
(even to :the advertisements) with singularly inte-
resting, and some of it, for emigrants, particularly
valuable, local information. The map is an " Au-
thentic Map" (as it calls itself—and evidently with
reason) of the Province of Auckland—a map " ex•
pressly" reduced and engraved upon a moderate
scale from the original maps of the Commissioners for
Waste Lands; and it is published in this reduced form
by the Messrs RIDGWAY and Sons, the authorised
general agents to the Provincial Government. It
is from the same establishment that we receive,
ealrea already
here alluded
to.
moreover,
'Phis thepub l
ibcia• oteh4
io ir
n,
extending almost to the
length of a respectable volume, embracing
within it, as it does, nearly
bel theproductionso octavo pages,
of
appears, by its designation, to
more than
.'a single !pamphleteer, its title being
"Voices from Auckland." Yet, if it derives its origin
from several sources, its aim is certainly one and
complete in itself. The information it con-
veys to the reader—occasionally superficial
and generalised where we should wish
it to have entered more minutely into details,
occasionally, on the other hand, entering too closely
into particulars where we should have been con-
tented with something in the way of an epitome—
the information this pamphlet conveys to the reader
has, so far as we may pronounce an opinion upon it,
every appearance throughout of the most reliable au-
thenticity. From map, from book, from brochure, from
newspaper the untravelled Englishman may thus
without quitting his easy-chair derive all the intel-
ligence about New Zealand that—with ulterior
views—either with an eye to commerce, 07 with an
eye to emigration—he may chance to be in quest of.
If he care not, like the Johnsonian philospher, to
take so wide a range of contemplation as that
involved in asurvey "from China to Peru," he may
at any rate by the combination of these various
literary aids to his intellectual vision, as, by the
combination of the different lenses in the construc-
tion of a telescope, scan without much difficulty
the whole of that huge and distant colony of New

,nd. A colony so far removed from us that
it is actually at our Antipodes—so considerable in
its dimensions that it contains within it an area
larger than that of the whole of the United
Kingdom.

From every quarter the assurance increases that
the old teacher, Necessity, has only to make her
appearance, and our vast cotton trade will be no
longer dependent on American slavery. Three
colonies of our own could, by vigorous application
of judicious means, any one of them keep all the
mills of Lancashire and Glasgow going. Jamaica
could do it ; Queensland could do it ; India could do
it—not to mention Egypt► the coast of Africa, and
almost numberless other places. Of course we have
a double interest in getting cotton from our own
colonies. We cannot be indifferent to their pros-
perity. If Free-trade makes it as advantageous to
export to, and bring raw produce from, one country
as another, yet, as large exports and imports be-
tween us and any country enrich that country as
well as ourselves, how can we but prefer that the
country should be one over which our QUEEN
reigns, and the welfare of whose inhabitants can be
only second in our estimation to that of the dwellers
in our Island home. We are, therefore, so selfish as
to be gratified with the prospect of American cotton
becoming very dear ; of its becoming so dear, as to
move the right men, whom the necessities of the
occasion are sure to call forth, to achieve the great
work of perfecting the supply of Indian and
Colonial cotton:

We are not insensible to the hardships which
must be first endured, and to the difficulties of the
task. To put four millions of people on half-time,
and, therefore, on half rations, is a frightful evil ;
but the Irish potato rot was a still more frightful
one; still, what a blessing has it proved to Ireland.
A scant supply of cotton would not produce a tithe
of the misery caused by the Irish famine, wi,ile it
would result in much greater benefits. It would
soon destroy negro slavery in America, and confer
on four millions of people the first necessary for
human improvement—personal liberty. It would
elevate perhaps minims of wretched ryots to a state
of comparative wealth and independence ; and it
would both open up to Manchester an abundant
market, and a field of supply to her looms, such as
America can never become while she is a slave re-
public ; at the same time it would be a fresh bond
of good will between India and England.
We know not how Manchester and Liverpool
feel at the sight ; custom so blunts our feelings ; but
we cannot visit Lancashire and see the bales of
cotton and the white fibre bursting forth, just as
it came home, without an unpleasant recollection of
the hideous wrong by which that cotton was grown,
and picked, and cleaned. It seems redolent of
slavery. It fills us with thoughts not merely of
the driver, and the gang, and the lash, and the
negro sale-block, and the separation of families,
and the violation of the marriage-tie—but of the
essentially evil institution, which, treating man as
a saleable beast of the field, defaces in him the
image of his maker, and forbids him to rise. We
know Manchester will reply—" But why not see
all this in a muslin gown ?" We rejoin, " Because
the results of free labour are there the more con-
spicuous." We do not deny that the substantial
evil is still there, although metamorphosed by the
skill of freedom, but it is not the product of un-
mitigated wickedness. The cotton bale tells only
of the lash. The muslin gown tells also, and tells
more conspicuously, of the marvellous ingenuity and
skill which can flourish in freedom only.
Jamaica and Queensland have both their diffi-
culties in regard to the supply of labour, and the
novelty of the business of cotton growing, at least
on the large scale ; all this we cannot doubt would
yield before the grand teacher Necessity—" De
mand," as our men of commerce term the imperious
Goddess. Be that as it may, in India there are no
such difficulties. Labour seeks employment there
and as was lately remarked in India itself, " You
can teach us nothing we do not know about cotton
growing." Assurance of a demand at a remunera-
tive price, means of transit, and an agency to see
to the collecting and cleaning are all that is needed.
Mr. BAILEY pointed out the other day that the
cost of carriage was the only real obstacle to the
use of immense quantities of cotton of the Indian
qualities ; and that cost is almost entirely in-
curred in the country itself. This difficulty the
Government is doing its utmost to lessen and re-
move ; it is thoroughly in earnest, and we have
every hope that progress will be rapid in tem-
porary expedients till the canal and railway do
for the Indian cotton districts what the Missis-
sippi and the Railway have done for slave-grown
cotton.

It is gratifying to see that reports are rapidly
coming in to the Indian Government on the subject
of the cotton trade, and equally so to notice the
character of some of them. What can be more in-
teresting and hopeful than the simple facts respec-
ing Nagpore ? In that territory we read that there
are already tho vast number of 281,214 acres, equal
to 439 square miles, actually under cotton cultiva-
tion ! Truly, the people in Nagpore are not ap-
prentices to the business ; the soil, moreover, we
are told, is so well adapted to the cultivation of
cotton that there is room for indefinite extension.
The supply, reports the Commissioner, might
soon be made equal to the demand ; the only thing
wanted is what Orientals especially, but perhaps
agriculturists in most places would need, agents
who should remove all difficulties but those of the
culture of the plant. They want persons interested
in procuring the cotton to see to the cleaning it in
a manner adapted to the Manchester market, to
pressing and packing it, and to the carriage. They
want a man to do just what DIANCONI did for Irish
travelling, and of which he gave us so interesting
an account at the Dublin meeting. If Nagpore
had but her BIANCONI, we should not be surprised
if even this season he astonished Manchester with
what he could send her thence.

otel.

Another commissioner tells us that the cotton in
his district would answer well now for all the
the coarse sorts of cloth, but would answer also for
the finer sorts if gathered and cleaned with more
care. The natives at present let the pods fall from
the trees instead of gathering it from them ; it of
course contracts much soil from the ground, which
cannot be easily cleared off again from the delicate
fibre. By proper eare in gathering the cotton from
the tree, its value, the consumer says, would be
enhanced 50 per cent. Tnis is the old story. Agri-
culturists in our own country have been taught
to bring their corn, and their wool, and their other
produce to market in the best trim by the demands
of the agents of all kinds, from the merchant down-
wards, who act as middlemen, and who by the
increased price they could give for a better prepared
urticle, even of the same quality, taught our sons of
the soil the importance of clean wool and well
dressed grain crops; and who also undertook
everything but the conveyance of the prcduce to
the nearest market town. Now Lancashire has
but to do the same. She must have thousands of
persons competent to act as middlemen between
the Indian cotton ryot, and the Liverpool ware-
house. Let these men go forth. There is a good
eommission business for them. A first rate or-
} ganiser could probably soon make a fortune

between the Indian cotton field and the Liverpool
Cotton Market.

A fuller telegram to-day from Vienna tells us of
a piece of matchless effrolitery. The EMPEROR, in

his Rescript, charges th) Hungarians with " in-
gratitude." And what ,4,0u1d the reader conceive
to be the ground for this charge ? Why, that

Hungary did not appreciate as she ought the " con-

cessions of the 20th of October, by which the EM-
PEROR threw a veil of oblivion over the crime of the
14th of April, 1849, eomuitted against the dynasty
and Pragmatic Sanctions—the abolition of the
dynasty proclaimed by the Diet at Debreczin."
Surely the Viennese Government must be de-
mented. Why was the Diet held at Debreczin in-
stead of at Pesth ? Simpl 7 because the Emperor of
AUSTRIA had been guilty of treachery which
nothing could excuse ; because he had doubly
violated not only the Pragmatic Sanction, but all
the laws which bind subjects to their sovereigns.
Because, while they remained perfectly loyal, he
prompted JELLACHICII to march upon them, at
the same time publicly denouncing the barbarian
for doing it. It was not till the Hungarians, de-
ceived and betrayed in every way, found them-
selves perfidiously attacked by no less than three
armies, none of which he could legally bring
unto their soil, that they rejected the dynasty.
Never was rejection better deserved, never more
legal, if there be any law between subjects and
rulers. As well might a boy talk of his mag
nanimity in forgetting his master's use of
the birch, or a criminal of forgiving a judge for
a sentence appropriate to his crime, as the Em-
peror of AUSTRIA speak of his magnanimity to the
Hungarians in reference to 1849. It might or
might not be politically expedient for Hungary to
do what all Italy has done with universal applause
so lately and with far less reason ; but assuredly
the Emperor of AUSTRIA ought to blush to advert.
to the darkest period of Austrian villany ! That
he does so proves him unfit to be trusted.
And then, when ho recollects how he got over
that deposition—when he recollects that he had
to get back his justly lost kingdom, as a present
from the CZAR—When lie remembers that, fairly
beaten himself by those whom ho illegally
attacked, the Russians alone enabled him to per-
petrate the butcheries of Arad, and to satiate his
revenge in the blood of Hungarian patriots, the
date 1849 might well be one he might dread to
recall. Imperial perfidy, treason, and bending
the knee to NICHOLAS
, are the Hapsburg memo-
ries of the year 1849.

The Countess of Dunmore and Ladies Murray
have left Carlton House-terrace, for Wilton House, near
Salisbury, to pass a short tmo with Lady Herbert before
departing for Scotland.
The Earl of Wilton and Lady Alice Egerton
have left Drakolm, Derbystire, where they have been stay-
ing with Sir Henry and Lady Sophia Des Veaux, for Drum-
mond Castle, Perthshire, oa a visit to Lord and Lady Wil-
loughby do Eresby.
Their Highnesses the Princess Czernicheff and
Princess Wladimir Bariat.nski arrived at Folkestone, from
Paris, on Thursday afternoon, by the South-Eastern Rail-
way Company's passenger-boat Princess Helena, and pro-
ceeded immediately by special tidal train to London. Their

highnesses have tale; up their residence at the Clarendon

The Marquis of Exeter is shortly expected home
from Germany. The marchioness and Lady Mary Cecil
have arrived at Malvern Wells, from Burghley House,

near Stamford.

The Marchioness Conyogham left town yester-
du for Christchurch, llants, on a visit to her ladyship's
sister, the Dowager Duchess of Richmond.
The Countess of Desart has arrived in town from
Ireland on her way to Scotland.
Count d'Haussonville has arrived at the Claren-
don hotel from Paris.

MV
Lady Emily Hesketh arrived in Folkestone on
Thursday, and took up her residence at Langhorne-gardens.
TIIF. EMPRESS OF AUSTRIA.—The Frankfort
Gazette say :—" A letter from Corfu confirms the last bul-
letins which have been issued with regard to the health of
the Empress. The extraordinary climate of this island
produced an instantaneous effect. The appetite of the Em-
press has returned, her respiration is easy and regular, and
her cough has completely disappeared. In a word, none of
the disquieting symptoms which occasioned her Majesty's
departure remain."
POST-OFFICE SAYINGS BANKS.—WC are enabled
to state that the regulations for the management of these
_ _

valuable institutions have been prepared and will shortly
be published, and that 300 Post-offices will be opened for
receipt of deposits on Monday, the 16th of September. A
list of these offices will soon be made public.
THE GREAT EASTERN.—The Great Eastern is
still lying in the Nersey, and has been visited this week
by nearly 30,000 persons without, so far as we can learn, the
slightest hitch in the arrangements for the landing or em-
barkation. She will continue on view during the whole of
next week, after which she will begin to take in cargo for
her next trip, which will take place early in September.
The directors, we understand, have been compelled, in con-
sequence of the demand for additional first-class berths, to
fit up a number of nag state rooms.
The report of the Ottoman Bank issued prepara-
tory to their meeting on Wednesday week states that the
net profit in the past half-year was £20,104, and that the
available balance on the present occasion is £25,690. It is
proposed to add. £3,030 to the reserve, which will then
amount to £71,196, and to declare a dividend at the rate of
8 per cent. per annum, free of income-tax, leaving £1,891
to be carried forward.
TIIE MALTA AND ALEXANDRIA ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH.—The sEotions of cable to complete the line
between this island sad Alexandria are expected from
England before the end of the month. The British screw
steamer Rangoon, with one portion, was to leave on the
10th inst., and the Malacca, with another, was to follow
shortly afterwards. The Berwick, screw steamer, is also
looked for very soon from England. It appeared that
Messrs. Glasse, Elliott, and Co. are about to try to under.-
run and pick up the Corfu and Cagliari cables.—Malta

Times.
THE MANUFACTtRING MARKETS-MANCHESTER,
Friday.—Cotton continues to gain in price, and spinners
endeavour tA get a little more for their yarns, though not
in proportion to the rise in cotton. In this, however, they
succeed but partially. and the amount of business is very
limited. The make's of Eastern cloths find rather more
disposition to buy at [ld. per piece, say for shirtings, under
the prices they reqtire ; and some business is effected at
a compromise witl; the merchants. Other goods are
steadily held at Tuesday's quotations, but there is very little

doing.
PAPAL ATROCITIES.—At Pont Landolfo, a village
in the Neapolitan states, the Papal brigands received a
small detachment of Italian troops with cheers and shouts
of welcome, and then surrounded and massacred them to a
man, with horrible tortures and mutilations. They tore
out the eyes of the soldiers, and, it is said, by the express
orders of an arehtishop, and under his very eyes, cut
through the right aria of each Italian soldier at the wrist,
"for having carried a sword against the Holy Father."
This village was stormed by a few companies of Bersag-
lieri, and burned to the the ground; but all the women,
old men, and children were spared by the troops. When
the Bersaglieri entered the village to demand submission
the rebels threw the mutilated limbs of the massacred sol-
diers from the windows.
The judicial investigation at Baden into the case
of Becker, the assassin of the King of Prussia, is now
closed, and the documents relative to it have been sent
to the public prosecutor of the circle of the Rhine at
Bruchsal. It is not yet knawn whether that functionary
will present an indictment against him both for high trea-
son and attempt at murder, bat it is believed that the
lesser charge alone will be brought forward against him.
Becker himself, however, i anxious to be tried for high
treason, and he declares he would rather die on a scaffold
than in prison.

palities.

empire.

LAUNCH OF THE PEItIEUS AT PEMBROKE-YARD.
—On Wednesday a handsomely modelled little steam screw
sloop of war called the Perseus, pierced to carry 17 guns,
was launched from the Royal Dockyard at Pembroke. The
ceremony of naming was efficiently performed by Miss Paul,
daughter of Commander Paul, of Devonport dockyard, who
is here with a party of seamen to navigate the Perseus to
that port, immediately after which (6 o'clock p.m.) the dog •
shores being removed, she beautifully glided off into the
waters(); the haven. Iler principal dimensiGnys are as follow 3 :
Length between the perpendiculars, 135 feet ; length of
keel for tonnage, 164 feet 01 inch ; breadth extreme, 33 feet
2 inches; breadth of keel for tonnage, 33 feet; breadth
moulded, 32 feet 4 inches ; depth of hold, 17 feet 5 inches ;
Luellen in tons, 950 5-91; engines, 200-horse power. In
this instance, and for the first time, in order to the saving
of expense, she will not be jury rigged for navigation to
Devonport, but merely have her lower masts shipped with
sails on them sufficient to keep her steady, and be towed
round by steamers. Mr. Craddock, master shipwright,
having been appointed to Portsmouth, will be relieved in a
few days by Mr. Fiucham from Deptford;

N
, -

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 23.
His Excellency Sir WilliameCodrington had
an audience of the Sultan to-day.

His reception was particularly complimentary.
The Sultan afterwards detained Sir Henry
Bulwer for a long private interview.

A European Conference will be held at Con-
stantinople on the question of the Princi-

It is likely that Riza Pasha will be appointed
to a remote Pushalik.

TURIN, AUG. 24:

The statement made by several Italian news-
papers, that some Bourbon partisans had attempted
a disembarkation on the 21st inst. at Ascoli, is
without foundation. A large vessel, conveying
them, sailed off without any attempt having been
made to disembark, on account of the alarm having
been immediately spread among the inhabitants.

VIENNA, AUG. 23.

ThG communication made to-day to both houses
of the Reichsrath, in th© name of the Emperor,
explains the difficulties created by the Hungarian
Diet in insisting on the re-establishment of the
laws of 1848, and the inadmissible form in which
this demand was made.

These laws encroach upon and prejudice the
rights of the other nationalities of the Austrian

The Emperor announces his intention of main-
taining the fundamental laws of the 20th October
and 26th February last, because he considers the
unity of the monarchy as the inviolable basis of tLe
indivisible empire.

His Majesty further declares that he will not
withdraw the concessions which he has made to
Hungary. " Should Hungary not take part in the
General Council of the Empire, the resolutions
adopted by the latter will nevertheless be binding
upon the whole empire."
The Emperor places his confidence in the new
Hungarian Diet, and finally declares that instruc-
tions have been despatched to Hungary for the
maintenance of order, in carrying out which, how-
ever, moderation will be used, unless the employ
ment of rigorous measures be forced upon the
Executive.

NAPLES, AUG. 23 (Evening.)

Advices received here to-day from Arce state
that the brigands being pursued by the Royal
troops entered Pontifical territory. The French
troops were informed of their having crossed the
frontier.

The disbanded Neapolitan soldiers continue to
surrender themselves to the Neapolitan autho-
rities.

NAPLES, AUG. 23.
Yesterday an attempt was made by some reae-
tionists to disembark at San Benedetto del Tronto,
They were, however, repulsed.

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 22.
His Excellency Sir William Codrington arrived
here to-day.

Orders have been despatched to the Pashas of
Tunis, Tripoli, and Egypt to send officers to con-
gratulate the Sultan on his accession. The Prince
of Servia has refused to send a deputation.
Mehemet Djemel Bey has gone to Odessa to con-
gratulate the Czar.
The Circassians have proclaimed a Republic.
The Town of Peristi, near Gallipoli, has been
half destroyed by fire.

LISBON, MTG. 23.
The King has gone to visit the Exhibition at

Oporto.
He has decorated the Marquis di Bella with
the Order of Christ.

The Cortes has confirmed the authorisation of
the Government for opening the ports for the
importation of foreign grain.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 23.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Alhambra arrived here this evening with the
Peninsular mails. She brings 18 passengers, £754
in specie, and 11,000 packages of cargo. She ex-
perienced strong north-eastely winds.
The Alhambra spoke the Euxino on the 14th, the
steamer Montagu' on the 20th, and the barque
Dreadnought on the 21st inst.

LISBON, AUG. 17.
The Government has authorised the admission of

foreign grain into Portugal.

It is expected that the Cortes Will grant the
assistance sought by the steam company Uniao
Mercantil, although great opposition continues

against the measure.
The nuptials of the Infanta Donna Antonio with
the Prince of Hohenzollern are fixed for the 12th
September.
One of the royal palaces is being prepared for

their reception.
The Marquis di Bella, representative of the king-
dom of Italy, has arrived in Lisbon; and will be
received by the King in public audience to-day.

The main clauses of the bill authorising tht. pur-
chase of the Southern Railway are under discussion

in the Cortes.

The weather continues excessively hot.

Exchange on London at three months is quoted
53! ; on Paris, 530; on Amsterdam, 421; on Ham-
burg, 48 ; on Genoa, 528. 3 per Cent. Rentes, 481-;
Coupons, 48; ; Deferred, 40. Lisbon Bank, 578;
Oporto Mercantile Bank, 260 ; Commercial Bank,
252 milreis.

SHANGHAI, JULY 4 (v ;a Malta).

The friendly relations of the European Govern-
ments with Japan appear likely to be disturbed.

The houses of the foreign merchants have been
entered and robbed in open day.

The Japanese Government is believed to sanc-
tion these proceedings.
It is reported that the Governor of Kanagava
had informed Mr. Aleock, who contemplated travel-
ing overland from Nagasaki b Jeddo, that he could
give him no assurance of being unmolested on his

journey.
The imperial and rebel successes are alternate.

A new insurrection has broken out near Pekin.

CALCUTTA, JULY 22 (via Malta).

The Calcutta journals have news asserting that
five cities in Tartary and China have been made
over to the Russians by the Emperor of China.

The Noosrutshall (?) has been wrecked at Ked-
geree. Eight men are said to be missing.

The Rev. James Long has been found guilty.
Judgment deferred.

Incessant rains have prevailed in the interior.

CALCUTTA, JULY 29.
(By Telegraph to Point de Galle.)
The indigo prospects are bad.