The Sun.
London, England, 1857-03-24 00:00:00

BAGENALSTOWN AND WEXFORD.

The works on this line are progr.ssing in a satisfac-
tory manner, and it is expocted that the first division, to
Burris, will be opened for traffic in the course of the pre-
sent year.

RAILWAYS IN INDIA.

Lieut.-Colonel Kennedy, in a report to the share-
holders of the Bombay and Baroda Railway Company,
calls attention to the advantages of a judicious mode of
proceedings in carryisg out railway undertakings, par-
ticularly in India. He complains of the delays to which
the company bas been subjected in carrying out the con-
struction of a line from Bombay to Baroda and Ahme-
dabad, a length of 335 miles, which might have been
completed in two years, under the judicious arrange-
ments sanctioned by the directors of the company, and
approved by the local authorities in India ; but, owing
to a decision of the Home Government, the construc-
tion of the best portion of the line from Bombay to
Baroda, 180 miles in length, is to be delayed until after
the section from Baroda or Surat to Ahmedabad, 155
miles in length, is completed for traffic. The disadvan-
tages of this course, in a commercial point of view, are
shown. The longer the works are kept on hand the
larger will be the amount of debt against the company in
the shape of interest, and the cost of the railway to the
Government will be increased in proportion. If the com-
pany had been allowed to proceed with the whole line
from Bombay to Ahmedabad (335 miles), it could have
been completed in two or three years, and the charge for
interest would have been paid off out of a moiety of the
surplus earnings above 5 per cent in the course f three
or faur years from the opening of the line, which is esti-
mated not to exceed a oost of 6,0001. a-mile, including
working stock and everything. He compares the posi
tion of India, having an enormous population, fertile
cultivated lands, valuable natural productions, fine archi-
tectural cities, and manufacturing communities, and the
rental of the lands flowing into the treasury as public
revenue, with that of America in 1782, which was des-
titute of everything except expanse of waste territory
and energy in the small population. The latter bad
advanced to great commercial rank in the world, while
India bad remained pretty nearly in the same position
as when presession of it was obtai❑ed. He contrasts
the progress made by India and the United States
of America as exhibited in the cotton trade carried
en between England and those countries respectively.
The returns show that England imported in 1820 from
America 89,999,1741 h. of slave-grown raw cotton, and
from India 23,125,8251 b. of free-grown raw cotton ; and
in 1855, from America, 681,629,4241 b. of slave-grown
raw cotton, and from India 145,179,2661 b., showing an
increase of 591,630,2501 b. in the weight of cotton im-
ported from America, and of 122,053,4411 b. imported
from India, or about one-fifth of the American increase.
England in 1820 exported to America manufactured cot-
ton to the value of 1,194 5311., and to India, to the value
of 850,906/. ; while England in 1855 exported to Ame-
rica manufactured cotton to the value of 3,649,8621 , and
to India to the value of 6,532,4591., showing tn increase
in the value of manufactured cotton exported 'o America
of 2,455,3311., and in the value exported to India of
5,681,548/ , or mere than double the increased purchases
made from England by the American States. He re-
marks that cotton wool, a staple produce of India, is
purchased from the slave owner in America, brought to
Manchester for manufacture, and thence sent to India
for sale. It was impossible fur Indian produces to com-
p, to with American producers, owing to the Indian Go-
vernment withholding from their subjects railway coel-
munication, which the American Government sought
wi!h all its power to supply. The first locomotive engine
exhibited on the Manchester Railway, in 1830, was the
signal at once responded to throughout England and
the United States ; and before the first sod for an "ex-
perimental line" was cut in India there were 6,000 miles
of railway open in England, and 8,856 in the United
States of America.. At. present the length of railway
opened for traffic in England is 8,297, in India 358
miles, and in the United States of America 26,000
tulles. The measures taken for the extension of rail-
ways in the United States of America are calculated to
insure an annual increase of 2,000 miles, till the ag-
gregate mileage shall have reached 35,000 miles.
The value of British iron exported to the United
States in nine years, from 1847 to 1855 inclusive,
amounted to 27,155,1531., and from England to India in
the Fame period since the c-:nmencernent of railway
construction there were 3,840,2301 He states that 8,000
miles of railway constructed on well-.selec'ed lines in
India, although far short of the ultimate requirement,
would place that cow-try in a very different commercial
position from that which she at present occupies, and
this might be effected in four years, for an inveettnent of
48,000,000/., whch ought under proper arrangements to
give a return of 10 per cent. upon the outlay. The net
rent of the land, now exceeding 13,000,0001. a-year,
goes to the Government of India; in other countries
the rent goes to land proprietors, from which class spring
various capitalists. He maintains that the Gaverernen

as the sole land proprietor there ought to execute the
duties as well as enjoy the privileges of the three classes
h represents—viz,, Government, land proprietor, and
capitalist. 8,000 miles of railway, costing 6,0901. per
mile, 'moult only charge the land revenue to the extent
of 2,400,0001. annually, or under one-fifth of the present
rent, supposing the entire dividends to be disbursed by
government ;o,but that if a judicious and rapid principle
°f construction were adopted the gnarAntee would be
merely nominal. The public revenue would improve,
and the industry of 152,000,000 of subjects would be
romoted. He concludes by stating that the establish.
sent of a Just and energetic Government of India,
baying as a chief object the development of her vast indus-
trial resources, Ought to Le the first question of British
policy. The commercial and trading communities of
England would readily understand how such a • develop-
ment would act and react on their home industry, incom-
parably beyond ail the other soli-eta that could possibly
be imagined, and that it was difficult to over-estimate the
enormous effect upon home produce of transforming
152,000,000 of miserably pope customers rapidly into
I. ch ones.

[ADVERTISE3IENT.J—Jane Hallett, of Whitty Head
years from,
near Netlicrbuty. Dorset., suffered for many
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wound., so that she Was tie able to stand or move about
the house. She tried a variety of means and applica,
Cons, but with Out obtAinicg a curs. By the‘
God and using only three pots of Poor ATI need,
and taking three boxes of pill), she was pt,rb ctly coked.
Dr. Itoberts's Poor Man's Friend, for wounds and eiup-
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parities of the blood, is sold in boxis, Is. 12d., 21. 9,1.,
44. 6d., lie., and 225. each, by all medicine vendors
throughout the United Kingdom and Colonies.
[ADVItaTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's pills Singulatl9 Ern-
cacions for the Cure of Bile and Indigestion.—Daniel
of Aghadoey, was so afflicted with indigestion
and a disorderede stomach that life bad become quite a
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food; even bread alone would occasion faintness and otbtr
unpleasant feelings. He tried._ a variety of remedies
without the wished-for relief, but a few dozes of Hollo-
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tl em.--S tld by all medicine vendors throughout the
world; at Professor Holloway's Establishments, 244,
Strand, London, and 80, Maiden-lane, New York • by,
A. Stamps, Constantinople; A. Guidicy, Smyrna; 'and
E. Muir, Malta.