The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1881.

PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND THE

RIGILIS OF FREE NEGROES.

TO THE EDITOR. or TILE SlT'_ .

SlE,—Fully appreciating the kindly feeling for
my unhappy and hitherto disgraced country (in
consequence of the cursed slave system) which
actuates you towards the United States, I hope the
information I send you in the enclosed copy of a
letter I addressed to Lord Brougham a few days
ago will give you and your readers pleasure. It
certainly
is of immense importance that the present
government of the United States should have vir-
tually repealed the decision of the Federal Court in
regard to the denationalizing American negroes,
depriving them of the privileges of citizens of the.
United States, which was the effect of the decision
in the case of " Drcd Scot."
With the kindest feelings for your sympathy for
my unhappy country, I am, &c.,
AN AMERICAN FEDERALIST.
21, Tokenhouse-yard, London, E,C., Oct, 3.

(Copy.)
IN RE DRED SCOT.

My Lord,—l have great pleasure in informing
your lordship that the decision of the Federal Court
in the " Dred Scot" case is practically annulled by
the present Government of Washington. I have be-
fore me the passport granted to the Rev. Henry H.
Garnet, a black man of note and of great distinc-
tion among the negroes of New York, given by Wm.
H. Seward, the Secretary of State, dated Washing-
ton, August 26, 1861, in which the secretary " re-
quests all whom it may concern to permit safely and
freely to pass Henry 11. Garnet, a citizen of the
United States, and in case of need to give him all
lawful aid and protection." This passport is im-
pressed by the seal of the department of State and
signed by the Secretary of State in the 86th year of
the independence of the United States.
Your lordship is aware that by the decision of the
Federal Chief Justice Taney, all negroes and mulat-
toes, ail persons with tie least drop of black man's
blood in their veins, were pronounced to be not
American citizens, and to have none of the privileges
and protection due to Americans. I have no doubt
but that the Supreme Court will be soon so consti-
tuted as to procure an early reversal of the " Bred
Scot" decision, and although passports to persons
of colour had before been frequently refused by the
influence of Southern control over the State depart-
ment, this is the first passport granted to a coloured
person since the " Dred Scot" decision was promul-
gated. In the meantime lam rejoiced to give your
lordship the gratifying information that the cabinet
at Washington are now acting in direct opposition
to this iniquitous decision.
We may have some hope, now that the whole
disgusting system of slavery—" the sum of all vil-
lanies"—will soon be eradicated out of my unhappy
country, although its baneful influences will re-
quire scores of years to correct, and to put the
Southern States on an equality for morality, en-
lightenment, and industrial success with the
Northern States, which have hitherto been so dis-
graced by the unfortunate union between liberty
and slavery.—l have the honour to be, &c.
(Signed) GERARD RALSTON.
To the Right Hon; Lord Brougham, &c,
London, Sept. 28.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY.
The Hamburg-American Company's screw steam-
ship Hammonia, Captain IL F. I.••;chwensen, which,
left New York on the 21st ultimo, and passed Cape
Race on the 24th, arrived off Cowes at noon to-day,
and went on to Hamburg after transhipping mails,
&c., for this port. Strong westerly winds, and a
heavy sea in the same direction, were experienced
all through the passage. A large iceberg was passed
in 'vat. 47.30 N., long. 46 W.
On the 231 ult., in lat. 42.29 N., long. 63.7 W.,
the 11-ammonia passed the American ship M. R.
Ludwig.
The Hammonia brings 19 passengers for South-
ampton, 72 for Havre, and 160 for Hamburg, and
ou freight 2,2d0 doll. in specie for England.
The intelligence from Missouri is interesting and
important. The Confederate General Price, who
evacuated Boonville, attacked Lexington on the 16th,
but was repulsed by the Federal forces after suffer-
ing severe loss. General Price summoned General
Mulligan to surrender, to which General Mulligan
profanely replied, "Go to hell." The Confederates
then opened fire, and the battle commenced in
earnest, but the Union troops replied vigorously.
Later advices fully confirm the repulse of the Con-
federates, and give some additional particulars of
the operations of the first two days, but no indica-
tion of the final result. It appears that Price on
the first day made an effort to gain possession of
three ferry-boats lying in the river on the Lexing-
ton side, for which purpose he detailed two large
bodies of msn. to approad 'bath_ above and below.
Such was the vigour with which they were met,
however, that they were repelled with heavy loss,
and subsequently removed 12 waggonloads of killed
and wounded.. The next day Price assaulted the
Federal intrenchments four or five times, but was
each time repulsed, with a loss of between 300 and
400 men.

From Southern Kansas we learn that Rains was
marching towards the North, but that General Lane,
with the Kansas troops, was close upon his heels.
Another body of about a thousand Confederates,
supposed to have been engaged in the recent bridge
burnings, was being pursued by Federal troops from
a station on the Hannibal and st. Joseph Railroad.
Skirmishes were reported to have taken place near
Kansas City and Ironton, in which the Confede-
rates had been worsted.
A descent was made on the 12th ult. upon a Con-
federate camp at Petersburg, Hardy County, Vir-
ginia, of cavalry from
of infantry
NenwialCbreyekC,apAtlaairnylia(niddd,'Barciodniapcoanmypany
from Fort Pendleton. The Confederates only waited
for one shot from a 12-pounder, and then fled.
Several were killed and wounded, a number taken
prisoners, and their camp and all its equipage were
captured. Oa the same day a body of 250 Con-
federates was attacked and dispersed at Barbours-
ville.

The Confederates bad not yet made their promised
demonstration against the Federal lines on the
Potomac (says the New York Times of the 21st), and
the chance of their doing so appeared every day to
be growing less. Oa the 20th they confined their
operations to firing upon the pickets, in which
Christian amusement they appear to have come off
second best, as several of them were wounded by
the return fire of the pickets, none of whom were
hurt.

The murderous practice of picket-firing, which
was inaugurated by the Confederates, and has been
constantly kept up by them whenever the opportu-
nity has offered, is wholly discountenanced by the
officers of the Federal army. The general dis-
favour with which the practice is viewed has found
expression in an order issued by General M'Clellan,
in which he declares the practice contrary to the
usages of civilised nations, and establishes the rule
that there shall be no firing upon the Confederate
pickets, unless it becomes necessary to resist their
advance, or to return a fire .commenced by them.
There was little probability that this good example
would be followed by the Confederate commanders.
Washington despatches state that General Fre-
mont's military action in Missouri had given cause
to the President for dissatisfaction. A despatch of
the 20th says :
"If the President has not already done so, it is believed
that he has decided to depose General Fremont, and order
some other General to the command of that department.
The fact that Lexington and other places have been left
almost undefended, when General Fremont has a strong
force at his disposal, is a mystery that annoys the President
and Cabinet, and it is inexplicable to General Scott. Gene-
ral Fremont will unquestionably be called to Washington
to explain."
The Navy Department at Washington had ac.
cepted a number of proposals for iron-clad ships
Captain Alaean had been appointed flag officer in
the Gulf. Captain L.M. Goldsborough and Captain
S. F. Dupont were to succeed Captain Stringham,
his command being divided. A number of other
changes had taken place in the commands of the
vessels engaged in the blockade.
The New Fork Herald of the 21st, under the
head of " Cotton for Europe," has the following :
" The Government is now organising, and has perhaps
partly despatched, several military and naval expeditious
against the South, employing in the aggregate about
150,000 men and 3,000 ships of war and transports. With
this large force the Southern cotton crop will be seized at
the different depots, when it is ready for market, and the
Government will have about 2,000,000 bales by the Ist of
January next for export to England and France. There is
no necessity therefore for European nations to quarrel with
us about the cotton supply. We shall be ready to let them
have all the cotton they want by the time they require it."
The following items are from Washington de-
spatches of the 20th :
" The Spanish Minister had an interview to-day with
Secretary Seward relative to tie present state of affairs,
which occupied considerable time. It is certain that Secre-
tary Seward assured M. Tassara that the Government of the
United States entertained no other than the most friendly
feeling towards the Government of Spain. The result of
this interview, which I am assured, was highly important,
having special reference to the position of Spain, and her
probable recognition of the Southern Confederacy, was the
forwarding of despatches to the Spanish Government by M.
Tassara and instructions to our Minister by Secretary

Seward.
" No explanation will be asked of the British Government
of the reasons for the extraordinary increase of the military
forces of Canada. The Government will tacitly admit the
right of Great Britain to bristle Canada with bayonets,
without asking or giving opportunity for explanations. In
like manner we may exercise the privilege of accumulating
men and munitions of war within reach of the Canadian
frontiers, without being questioned as to the ultimate ob-
jects we have in view, or the immediate purposes of such
an aggregation of forces.
" A treaty of commerce was ratified with Denmark to-
day. It concedes to Denmark the privileges accorded to
the most favoured nations, and our intercourse ,is to be on
the same footing."
The news from Kentucky was still exciting, and
seemed to foreshadow the approach of a battle at
Muldraugh's Ferry. The Union forces, on reachingd
Rolling Fork, found the bridge burned, and the
enemy on the hill. Col. Johnson, with men,
consisting of Rousseau's command- and 400 of the
Homo Guard, was despatched from Louisville amia
great enthusiasm. Communication with the South
ivci Louisville seemed to be entirely suspended.
On the 19th ult. the United States Marshal
seized the office of the Louisville Courier, and ar-
rested ex-Governor Morehead, Reuben T. Murrett,
one of the proprietors of the Courier, and Martin
W. Barr, on charges of treason. Gen. Buckner was
reported to be it. command of the Confederates. A
general excitement prevailed on the 20th, and can-
non and other arms had been received in Louisville.
Indiana troops were expected to help the Union
troops already engaged. Telegraph communication
with the South was entirely stopped,'so nothing was
accurately known of the movements of the troops
on either side. War had been declared by the Le-
gislature, the Union Home Guards being placed
under the charge of Brigadier Gen. Critten and the
troops under Gen. Anderson, who had the supreme
control of the State arms and ammunition.
It 1144 been arranged that the pailitikry des*

meet of Ohio should in future consist of Ohio,
'lndiana, and that part of Kentucky within 15 miles
of Cincinnati. General Mitchell wao to command,
land had his head-quarters at Cincinnati. So much
of Virginia os lies west of the Blue Ridge was to con-
stitute the department of Western Virginia, under
the command of General Rosecrans. Arrangements
had been made by means of which the volunteers
might assign their pay for the benefit of their

'amilies.
The New York, Bernld of the 20th says :

" From a statement of a deserter from the rebel camp it
is understood that General Jefferson Davis was at Munson's-
hill on Wednesday, together with Generals Beauregard and
Johnston, making reconnaissances. Jefferson Davis was
busily engaged inspecting our works by the aid of a glass.
Only 1,000 rebels are reported as being at that place, the
balance of the force being located at Fairfax Court-house
and Centreville. They are said to be now only 100,000
strong, and that 15,000 had a short time since been sent to
North Carolina for that State's protection. The deserter is
of opinion that the rebels did not contemplate an attack upon
the Union forces, but were daily awaiting one from them.
They had formerly intended to cross into Maryland, but he
was of opinion they would not now do so. Gen. M'Clellan,
while reviewing the command of Gen. Franklin, discovered
a reconnoitring party of rebels approaching, and at once
saluted them with shell, sighting the guns himself. As the
shells exploded in their midst they speedily withdrew.
General M'Clellan next sent a few winged messengers
among the rebels who were engaged erecting a battery on
Mason's-hill, near Munson's-hill. The missiles having
taken effect, the workmen suspended operations pro ton."
From General Banks's column we have intelli-
gence of a reconnaissance near Leesburg, which
discovered three Mississippi regiments of the Con-
federates drilling on the fair grounds. The 4th
Mississippi regiment had mutinied and disbanded.
The rumour of the advance of the Confederate
General, Tohuston, on the Upper Potdmac, was re-
affirmed, but General Banks was ready for him.

The House of Representatives of Kentucky had
ordered a committee of 13 to be appointed by both
Houses to prepare a Bill to provide for the calling
of a national convention to consider the misfortunes
of the nation, with a view to their permanent set-
tlement, based on constitutional provisions, mutu-
ally forgiving the wrongs of the past and assuring
good fellowship in the future ; also a Bill calling on
both sections for an armistice of 90 days, to give
time to consider these propositions and to provide
for a joint commission.
An immense and enthusiastic mass meeting of
the citizens of New York was held on the evening
of the 20th ult. in the Cooper Institute, to give re-
newed expression to their determination to uphold
the Union, and at the same time to ratify the
nominations made by the convention of the Union
People's party at Syracuse, Among the speakers was
the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson. When he declared, in
tones of fiery eloquence, that, although he was poli-
tically opposed to the President and his Administra-
tion, he would rather cut off his right arm than
cast an obstacle in the way of their crushing the
rebellion, the sentiment was hailed and endorsed
by the immense audience with vociferous applause.
His denunciations of the "miscreant peace party"
were received in a similar manner, and when he
said that the President should not only have sus-
pended the habeas corpus, but should also have
suspended some of the apologists of the rebellion,
there was one universal shout of approbation. The
war spirit was developed in the most unmistakeable
manner.
On the afternoon of the 19Th a mass meeting of
the inhabitants of King's County, in the city of
Brooklyn, was held on Fort Greene, to endorse the
action of the Government in prosecuting the present
war, and to recommend the sinking of all parLy ties,
with the one object in view of suppressing the re-
bellion. The meeting was large, harmonious, and
enthusiastic. Resolutions were adopted urging a
vigorous prosecution of the war, and the union of
all parties upon one ticket for State and local offices
at the November election. The offices of the meet-
ing were equally divided between Democrats and
Republicans.
The gunboat Unadilla, the first of the 25 vessels
of war of that class ordered by Congress, went on
her trial trip down New York harbour on the 19th.
Her performance proved perfectly satisfactory to all
parties interested.
Two changes have been made in Jefferson Davis's
Confederacy Cabinet since its formation on the
oth March last. Robert M. T. Hunter, of Virginia,
has been made Secretary of State in place of Robt.
Toombs, of Georgia; and Braxton Bragg, of Loui-
siana, has succeeded Leroy P. Walker, of Alabama,
as Secretary of War. The Cabinet as now formed
is as follows :
Secretary of State—Robert M. T. Hunter, of Virginia.
Secretary of the Treasury—C. L. Menuninger, of South

Carolina.
Secretary of War—Braxton Bragg, of Louisiana.
Secretary of the Navy—Stephen R. Mallory, of Florida
Postmaster-General—John H. Reagan, of Texas,
Attorney-General—Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana.

His Imperial Highness Prince Jerome Napoleon
returned to New York on the 18th, after an
absence of about three weeks, in which time he
enjoyed himself in hunting on the vast Western
prairies, had a view of the grand cataract at
Niagara, delighted his quasi-eountrymen,the Cana-
dians, with his august presence, and finally arrived
at Albany on Tuesday, where he remained until
Wednesday morning. He then proceeded to West
Point, made a critical inspection of the Military
Academy at that place, and arrived at the New
York Hotel late on the same evening, where his
consort, the Princess Clothilde, was awaiting his
corning. In his peregrination through the West
and the Canadas his Imperial Highness was accom-
panied by his suite, and M. 14lercier, the French
Minister resident at Washington. The Princess
Clothilde met her husband at Buffalo, went with
him to Niagara, and returned to New York, where
she remained at the hotel, having as company only
the Duchess De Abrantes. On the morning of the
19th the Prince took a carriage at the hotel, and,
accompanied by M. Mercier, Col. Rajon, and Mr.
Sands, went on board his yacht, lying off the Bat-
tery. In the afternoon the Prince took another
drive before dinner, as did also the Princess, accom-
panied by the Duchess De Abrantes. His Imperial
Highness, attended by M. Montholon and four gen-
tlemen of his suite, also visited the studio of M.
Gignouz, in Tenth-street: The Prince expressed
himself greatly pleased with the artist's last work,
"The Indian Summer," which he hoped would find
its way to the next Paris Exhibition. The Prince
also paid a visit to Mr. Cisco, of the sub-Treasury-
(Ace, on the afternoon of the 20th, and was shown
by that gentleman through the Government finan-
cial establishment of the city, with which he ex-
pressed himself both pleased and surprised. The
distinguished visitor was accompanied by the
Italian Minister at Washington. The Prince was
to leave for Boston in his yacht on the 21st.
The Prince de Joinville, his son, nephews, and
suite were presented to the President on the 20th
by the Secretary of State. The Prince was pre-
sented to Secretary Seward by the representative of
Brazil.
Interesting intelligence from the Pacific coast
had reached New York by the Pony Express,
which passed the outer telegraph station 1(1 miles
west of Fort Kearney on the IGth ult., having left
San Francisco on the 7th. Since the State election
in California the markets had taken a much firmer
tone, the overwhelming Union vote dispelling all
fears of any domestic troubles. The returns of the
election were still incomplete, but sufficient had
been received to insure the success of the Republi-
can ticket. The vote of the whole State was ex-
pected to be 120,000, and, so far as heard, the Re-
publicans had 43,800, the Union Democrats 20,500,
and the Breckinridge Democrats 19,400. The
United States' Marshal, in accordance with the
provisions of the Confiscation Act, had commenced
the seizure of vessels in the harbour of Sau Fran-
cisco. He had already taken possession of the ship
Henry Brigham, just arrived from Liverpool, loaded
with coal, and belonging to Lathrop Brothers, of
4'11=0; qe9raitl. Lig obip Benefactor, be/Riling

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

to New York, was also seized, under the supposition
that she was partly owned in Virginia, but she wts
subsequently released. Emigrants from Texas were
arriving in great numhers in the Southern part of
the State. They reported a terrible condition of
affairs as existing in Texas, the result of secession.
From Washoe and the goldfields of Oregon there are
the most tempting accounts of the great yields of
the glittering ores. The whole region of country lying
between the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains is
represented to be very rich in auriferous deposits.

The overland express, with San Francisco news
to the 11th, had also arrived. The United States'
District Attorney had secured another condemna-
tion of a vessel for fitting out with intention to pro-
ceed upon a slave voyage. The forfeiture of the
barque Sarah was announced some weeks ago. The
present accounts report the condemnation of the
Augusta, which Mr. Smith seized in July, and
brought to trial in August. The Augusta was an-
nounced for a whaling voyage, but some suspicious
circumstances led to an investigation, which resulted
in stripping off the alleged disguise, notwithstand-
ing that she was closely assimilated in her equip-
ment to a fair trading vessel.
(LATEST EY SELEGT,A.FIT TO CArE RACE.)
NEW YORK, SEPT. 24.
Lexington, Missouri, has capitulated to the Con-
federate force.

The Count de Paris an.d the Due de Chartres
have been appcinted officers in the Federal army.
The steamers City of Nevi York and Jura have
arrived out.

The Saxonia and the Persia have been inter-
cepted off Cape Race.

THE SOUTIIER,If STATES OF AMERICA

The following intelligence was received direct
from the Southern. States by the last steamer from
New York. It mast be taken at what it is worth :
The cotton loan to the Confederate Government
amounted to 1,000,000 bales on the 6th of Sept.
On that day, the day that he was reported to
have died, President Davis was at his office at
Richmond attending to his official duties.
The news is confirmed that the authorities of
Spain in Cuba have issued an order to have the
same protection extended to vessels sailing under
the Confederate flag that is enjoyed by the flags of
other countries.

At Richmond the loss estimated of the enemy at
Manassas is 15,000 in killed,woundcd, and prisoners.
M'Clellan is closely hemmed in between the lines
of Beauregard and Johnson and the Potomac. No
importance whatever was attached to the loss of
Hatteras. The press in the South is at liberty to
discuss public matters freely. Never wore a people
more cordially united than the citizens of the Con-
federate States.

The cotton picking season had fully commenced,
and the planters were storing their crops away in
the seed on their estates, there to remain at the
disposal of Government until the raising of the
blockade.

THE NOVA SCOTIA GOLDFIELDS.

From the Quebec Morning Chronicle Sept. 21.)

The following extracts comprise the most impor-
tant portion of a report of the Provincial Secretary
of Nova Scotia to his Excellency the Lieutenant
Governor of that province :
" Provincial Secretary's Office.
" Halifax, N.S., Sept. 4, 18G1.

"My Lord,—The gold discoveries in this pro-
vince having not only furnished employment to
hundreds of its inhabitants for some months past,
but having now attracted the attention of capi-
talists in England, and of the labouring classes at
home and abroad, it becomes desirable that the
Government of Nova Scotia should furnish in some
official form such information as shall guide those
who may desire to invest either labour or capital in
our mines. Your Excellency having assigned that
task to me, I enter upon it with a design to state
the facts in the order in which they have accumu-
lated, without colour or exaggeration. There are
too many profitable employments in this province
to make it desirable to lure people to one that may
be unprofitable or even doubtful ; and I am well
assured that yonr Lordship has no desire to attract
immigration to our shores by statements that are
unfounded, or arts t;that have elsewhere produced
much misery and disappointment.
• "The existence of auriferous deposits in Nova
Scotia was unsuspected till 1860. It is strange that

they should not have been turned up by the agri-
culturist or the road-maker, still stranger that they
have escaped the vigilance of the early pioneers of
natural science—Titus Smith, George Duncan, Dr.
Gesner, 1)r. 'Webster, Alger, and Jackson, all of
whom were laborious and painstaking investiga-
tors, and some elaborate writers on the mineralogy of
this country. Dr. Dawson, in 1855, suggested the
possibility of finding gold in Nova Scotia, and in-
dicated with some accuracy the region where it
might be discovered. But the doctor had found
none, and no interest was taken in the subject
until gold was discovered, last' summer, in the
neighbourhood of Tangier.
" The discoveries made in 1860, your Excellency
is aware, were unimportant. Somo hundreds of
persons, tempted by rumours of the existence of the
precious metal, rushed into the woods near the
head-waters of the Tangier, 10 miles from the sea
coast, and proved the existence of gold, it is true,
but in quantities so small, and at such a distance
from roads and navigation, as to promise no return
to the most industrious miner. The facts having
been investigated and made public, tile excitement
subsided, and the people returned to their ordinary
pursuits.
" In March this year a man stooping to drink at a
brook found a piece of gold shining among the
pebbles over which the stream flowed. He picked
it up, and, searching, found more. This was
about half a mile to the eastward of the deboucke-
ment of the Tangier River, a stream of no great
magnitude, taking its rise not very far from the
sources of the Musquodoboi, flowing through a
chain of lakes, which drain, for many miles on
either side, and a rugged, wilderness country, and
fall into the Atlantic about 40 miles to the eastward
of Halifax.
" The locality was most favourable for mining
operations, being within half a mile of navigation
and surrounded by a hardy population engaged
in the fisheries, whose small craft could readily
transport everything that the miners might require.
" Your Excellency visited the mines in May, and
your attention was arrested by the fact that two
men from the agricultural districts had taken from
a pit, dug four feet wide by five deep, 75 dole. worth
of gold three days prior to your visit. As 6 dole.
would have paid these men for their labour, it was
apparent that they had made a profit of 69 dole. in
three days. This profit was not derived from the
chance discovery of a nugget, but from crushing
the quartz, veins of which, there was good reason
to believe, ran for miles along the sea coast ; or
from washing the crumbling r soil o rock by which
they were surrounded.
" It was impossible to resist the conclusion that
what these men had done, hundreds might do on
and around the same locality ; and that if aurifer-
ous deposits of equal richness could be discovered
in other sections of the country, profitable employ-
ment would be furnished for thousands of men, and
our exports and revenue would be largely increased.
" Though still reluctant to add to the excitement
which this fact, and others of a similar character,
occurring every few days, occasioned, it was the
duty of the Government to give reasonable facili-
ties, that the voluntary exertions of the,people them-
selves should be materially aided, and that as little
as possible of their labour should be lost.
"The surveyor was instructed to reduce the prico
of the lots from 40 dole. to 20 dole., and to expend
the lu9ney receiyed, ju drAinin the mine and

t~sh From
c lkilencael:3natdhresirts of Tangierhthasissteadily
lucre . The numbers who have found employ-
ment there all the summer have ranged between
400 and 800, and the number of small lots taken np
is now about 95, for which £475 currency has been.
paid. The quantity of gold taken out it is impos-
sible to estimate, as no royalty is exacted, and no
returns are made. Everybody digs out of his own
claim what he can, and carries it away ; but from
the quantities brought to this city and sold, or ex-
posed in other parts of the province, it is apparent
that a very large amount of geld has be-- i.ought
to the market,• stores of uncrushed quartz
have accumulated at the mines. Whatever has been.
obtained has been got by the most simple proves:,
and without any of the aids which science in other
countries lends the miner. A rude sort of crusher
has' been placed upon the .ground within the last
month, but it does its work imperfectly, and is un-
provided with the apparatus by which the finer
particles of gold are amalgamated and secured after
the quartz is crushed. •
"Until recently only two attempts have been
made at Tangier to work any but single clainis. A
small company, headed by Mr. Wm. Chambers, hare.
combined foufbr five lots, and are running a tunnel
through them; and Mr. Robt. Sibley, who acquired
some experience and made some money by mining
in Australia, has leased from the Government Vara)
quarters of an acre, and is sinking
.a shaft to enable
him to work his claim at all seasons of the year.

" The lowest depth yet reached is 45ft., and the
largest nugget found is valued at 300 dots. The
gold is got in quartz veins, running through slate
or earth resting upon granite, in the form of soaks,
jagged and torn bits, like shot or bullets fired against
a, wall. It is sometimes globular, but seldom com-
pletely round.

" While attention was genorally directed to the
upland, Mr. John Campbell, a gentleman of con-
siderable scienec, with a natural turn for geological
researches, rightly judging that the cliffs with ~lic
quartz veins running through them having been for
ages washed and crumbled by the sea, gold might be
found among the sands which surrounded the sea-
shore, tried the experiment, was successful beyond
his hopes, and immediately applied tO -the_ deputy
surveyor who bad taken charge of that portion of
the shore which immediately adjoins the OVens.

" As soon as the auriferous character of the sands
upon the sea-coast was known, there was much ex-
citement. Everybody rushed from their upland
claims and began to scramble for the treasure over
which, strange to say, the farmers in the neighbour-
hood had gathered sea manure for more than a cen-
tury without dreaming of its existence.
" With some difficulty the excitement was
allayed, the rights of all parties acquired by dis-
-1 cc:very or occupation were respected, the report of
the deputy surveyor being taken in all cases by the
Government as the basis. for the adjustment of
claims. Your Excellency visited Lunenburg, and
a simple code of regulations was framed by the
Council, with the aid of youi observation and expe-
rience. All is now tranquil at the Ovens; com-
panies are preparing for systematic operations, and
individuals are working their separate claims with
cheerfulness and order.

"The shore washings have proved very rich.
Mr. Campbell having associated himself with Mr.
William Cunard and Mr. R. G. Fraser, proceeded
to work the four shore claims, which formed the
frontage of some 70 upland lots taken by this com-
pany in the rear. Though no accurate return has
been given by these gentlemen, there is every
reason to believe that a very large sum has been
taken from these shore claims within a month, and
the rights of those three gentlemen have since been
sold to a larger company for £1,200, they retaining
all that had been obtained up to the day of sale.
"About the same time that public attention was
attracted to the auriferous deposits at Lunenburg,
gold was discovered in several other places—at
Dartmouth, at Sheet-harbour, and at Lawrence-
town. Quartz roelciwas found all along the southern
coast, and running for miles back into the interior.
From what was known of the geological structure
of the country, the presumption was reasonable
that quartz would, and that gold might, be found
in at least 10 of the 18 counties into which Nova
Seoia is divided.

" Lawrencetown is a scattered settlement, named
after Governor Lawrence, on a small stream that
rises in the granite region behind, and falling
through a chain of lakes, finds its outlet to the sea,
between saltmarshes protected by an aboiteau. It
is about 10 miles east of Halifax, with boat naviga-
tion to the shore; but the harbour is a poor one,
with only shelter for small vessels.
" Gold having been discovered near this stream
in June last, quartz-digging and placer-washing
were commenced in a rude way, and anybody who
chose, or who could get permission from the pro-
prietors, dug, and washed, and prospected. Quartz
was found ❑pon the surface, and in veins beneath
the soil ; but although at one time expectations were

highly raised, the interest in Lawrencetown gradu-
ally diminished, until, when. I visited the place
about a month ago, there were only four or five men
at work, and the prospects did not warrant the em-
ployment of an officer or any interference of the
Government,

" As it is apparent that persons working small
claims, without shafts, tunnels, or machinery, will
be compelled to suspend operations on the approach
of winter, your Excellency is aware that, for some
time past, it has been the policy of the Government
to favour the formation of companies or associations
who can afford to hut over their works in winter,
and who have capital sufficient to employ the
working miner all the year round.