The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-26 00:00:00

Conductor, Alfred Mellon,

Ballet, LA FIANCEE. Messrs. W. 11. Payne, 11. Payne
F. Payne, Mldlle. Lequine, Pasquale, Pierron, Clara Morgan
and Mons. Vandris.
Doors open at halt-past 7—Commence at 8 o'clock.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Les';ce, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
TIII3 ETENING the performances will commence with
A BOLD ::,,TIZOKE FULL A WIFE. Mr. and Charles
Mathews.
Followed by a new ComAietfa, entitled THE LATE
LAMENTED.
And THE HAPPIEST DAY 01' MY LIFE.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
a new Petite Comedy, entitled GOSSIP. Messrs. Ryder,
Meadows, Shore ;Miss Wadhain and Mrs. C. Young.
After which, a new farce, in one act, entitled NURSEY
CHICKWEED. Messrs. Widdicomb, Meadows, IL Saker ;
Miss L. Keeley and Mrs. Weston.
To he followed by TIIE MASTER PASSION. Messrs.
Ryder, G. Melville, Graham, R. Cathcart, Garden; 3liss C.
lec'ercq and Mrs. Charles Young.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, AI)ELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
THIS EVENING, TM: DEAD HEART. Messrs
B. Webster. J. L. Toole, David Fisher, Paul Bedford. Stuart,
Billington, C. J. Smith, Eburne, Moreland; Miss Woolgar,
and Miss K. Kelly.
Followed by the successful piece of extravagance, called
DINOJIAII UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Messrs. J. L. Toole,
P. Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors open at half-past sLK—Commence at seven. Box-
Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats,
nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
Establishment are strictly prohibited.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM.—SoIe Lessee
and Directress, Madame Celeste.—The Public is re-
spe:tfully informed this Theatre will OPEN for the Winter
Season on MONDAY, Nov. 28, with a new and original
Drama Fantastique, written by a popular author, entitled
PARIS AND PLEASURE ; or, Home and Happiness. Full
particulars will be duly announced.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. ii. Chatter-
ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West-
minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen-
gers all hours of the night.
THIS EVENING, a new Comedy, LONDON PRIDE ; or,
Living for Appearances. Messrs. It. Robins, Barrett,
Charles Young ; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Murray, and
Nelly Moore.
After which, the new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled
THE SWAN AND EDGAR. Messrs. Barrett, Francis,
Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and the Corps
de Ballet.
To conclude with A DEAD SHOT.
Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-ofllce open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at hall-past six; perform
anec commences at 7.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPITITTIEATRE,
Westminster-road.

Sole Lessee Mr. William Cooke.

Continued successfnl career of the new Drama, by Tom
Taylor, Esq., called GAR I BALDI ; illustrating the principal
events in the Life of the Great Italian General. Supported
by a Powerful Company, including the fallowing popular
favourites :—Mr. R. Phillips, Ennis' Belmore, Raymond, Miss
Kate Carson, &c. -Great Dramatic Tableux—Full Stud of
Trained Horses—Scenes in the Circle by the Star Equestrians
of Europe, John Henry Cooke, Marine. Marguerite„ Miss
Rosina, and the world's wonder, Little Menoni, also, the
Extraordinary Performing Elephant—Clowns, H. Croueste,
Rowella, French Pierrots, Gymnasts and Acrobats innumer-
able, concluding with the exceedingly laughable Comic Ballet
called LOVE'S VAGARIES.
Stage Manager, Mr. H. Phillips

CANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS .-
EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (new first made public in England at these Con-
certs).

And a Grand Seeetion from Meyerbeer's new opera of
DINORAH. •

Comic Vocalists —Messrs. Georze Froison (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.

Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
eights of the metropolis.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 26.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
46—highest since noon yesterday.
46 —lowest this morning and during the night.
55—this day at noon.

BAnomETER.-29.78—falling.
WIND, South-Westerly; light, with mild weather, and
some slight rain.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 36m.—Afternoon, 2h. 56m.
To-moiutow.-Morning, 13h. 16m.—Afternoon, 3b. 36m.

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TIIE SUN.

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOV. 2(3, 18.59.

THE CONGRESS.
" To be or not to be—that is the question ?"
Taking the above for consideration we may wel
as k

Who can decide when Doctors disagree ?

We shall not pretend to decide a matter so full of
consequence to Italy. But we may ask where is
the use of a Congress if the Emperor of the FRENCH
is to prejudge the question of Italian Nationality ?
He affects great concern, to cover his wounded
pride, and mask his discomfited ambition, at the very
idea of the Italians daring to think for themselves.
How could,he pretend to know better than themselves
what is best for their comfort and eventual inde-
pendence than those who are to profit by the result ?
NAPOLEON is Emperor by the free election of the
French people as the story runs. But if he had
not amassed a very immense army to control and
overawe these loyal people where would have been
his chance of the Imperial Diadem ? Has he not
avowed that the Empire is peace, and yet to prove
its fallacy he rushes into an Italian war,
which in his terror, be it real or assumed, he hastens
to bring to a sudden close, like the boy who climbed
the tree, but who hurried away with his pockets
half full for fear of being caught, and so lose the
pleasure of the spoil he had already achieved by
stealth. That is the parallel of the broken-down
Italian campaign. The bubble had just burst in
the very act of victory being thoroughly achieved,
and Italy being freed from the Alps to the Adriatic.
Well might the heroic French soldier exclaim-
4, 0, tchat a falling of was there, my countrymen !
Then you, and I, and all of us fell down,
To please a tyrant in his mad revenge "

And yet NAPOLEON will have a Congress assem-
bled to whitewash his folly. Of course, he has

made sure of Austria for the sake of the expelled or
runaway tyrannical Dukes. But will England,
will Russia, will Prussia, and other independent
German States submit to the ignominy of recording
or registering the precipitate folly—the presumptu-
ous assurance of the Imperial Despots at Villa-
franca Never !we trust. Much as we dislike the
horrors of war, it were far better to have war to
the top of its bent than to be fooled by securing the
idea of peace by humbling our character to the
meanness of accepting such preposterous terms.
The French idea of a Congress is merely to gain
time for being better prepared for ulterior pur-
poses. The war of Spain against Morocco is but
a pretext of France to seize on Ceuta, Tangiers,
and all the coast of Africa opposite Gibraltar,

•
in order that NAPOLEON may endeavour to

command the passage into the Mediterranean.
But before he attains that object so dear to his am-
bition he will command the Straits of Dover, first,
by [capturing the Castle of CT.:3AR and anchor
his fleet in the Downs! What would he be at ?
Does he purpot,e to throw the fame of his great

uncle into the shade now that his own evil star is
for a brief tizate in the ascendant ? Let him take
heed in the daring of his revenge lest lie lose more
by the attempt than he can hope to gain by
the peril of the venture. Let him remember that
life is but a span, and that his career, however ap-
parently br lliant for the moment, is but as a rocket
which blaze !s the brighter as it ascends—only to
fall the more !rapidly to its doom.
The follow i.ng are opinions of somo of our contcm-
poroxies on Oa e precious Congress :

iFcom the, .11-oiviiily Post.)
The prelimim Aries which the English Government
have onsidered necessary previous to the assem-

Wing of a Congress are, we believe, in a fair way
of settlement. The French and Austrian invita-
tions are now lying at Paris ready to be sent out to
the Powers who are to be convoked. We may
therefore look forward to the assembling of the
Congress at no very distant date.

(Front the Daily 11-ews.)

At the end of another week, notwithstanding the
numerous announcements of the foreign press, no
formal invitation to join a European Congress has
reached our Government.

(Paris Correspondent of 1/e Morning Adceitiser.)

Lord Cowley has communicated the assent of the
English Government to the Suez Canal project, and
to the Congress. The other Powers, Austria ex-
cepted, have also assented to the Congress. The
period for the assembling of the Congress has been
deferred.

A pleasant foretaste of the agreeable things in
store for him during the progress of the next ses-
sion of Parliament has just been vouchsafed to Mr.
BRIGHT by the Right Hon. C. B. ADDERLEY. It
is apropos of reform in the popular representation.
In respect to which question so many parties and
sections of parties throughout the conntry coincide
upon two points thoroughly. First iu recognising
the necessity, more or less urgent, for revising the
last reform of Parliament. Secondly, in falling
foul, more or less heartily, of the particular schemes,
crotchets, and phantasies of the hon. gentleman
the member for Birmingham. How many are there
not, who have long been agreed quite as cordially
upon one point as upon the other ! Who think that
the need for Reform is undeniable ! And who insist
no less earnestly that the projects of reform fathered
by Mr. BRIGHT are nothing less than dangerously
democratic and, to all intents and purposes, revolu-
tionary. Yet, in simple point of fact, Mr.
BRIGHT merely demands -what we all demand.
Ife demands economy in the national expendi-
ture. He demands an extension of the fran-
chise proportioned to the advance of general
enlightenment and civilisation. He demands
a more equitable redistribution of the electoral dis-
tricts—the disfranchisement of some little trumpery
boroughs—the enfranchisement in their place of
other vast and populous localities hitherto denied
the privilege of sending representatives to the
Imperial Legislature. He is for putting an end at
cnce to these and divers other glaring and utterly
indefensible anomalies. It were frivolous surely
to gainsay the reasonableness of any one
of these demands in themselves. Take the
demand for economizing in our disbursements
by way of example. Assuredly no one can for
a single instant insinuate that Mr. BRIGHT
has not reason entirely and absolutely on his
side—with our annual expenditure,very little short,
indeed, of a stupendous yearly outlay of
£70,000,000 ! Or, flying off at a tangent to a
totally different theme of discussion, upon which
the lion. member for Birmingham has so often
descanted so very eloquently and persuasively—
Who will have the effrontery to maintain that
there is really visible no anomaly at all in the fact,
let us say, of such a place as Midhurst returning a
member to the House of Commons, while the
thousands upon thousands of wealthy, and edu-
cated, and taxpaying, and loyal inhabitants of
Kensington, Chelsea, and Bayswater are to
this moment altogether unrepresented ? Yet,
while Mr. BRIGHT argues in reason, it must be
confessed that he has so contrived to irritate a very
considerable majority of his fellow countrymen
that his demands have hitherto been principally
effective in drawing down upon his own head a
singular unanimity of objurgation.

Mr. ADDERLEY'S speeeeh on Tuesday evening at
ITrinlny is gin Intr..f foctimnny (If thn onrimnninTic
antagonism excited in the minds of the Conserva-
tives by the Reform harangues of the hon. gentle-
man the member for Birmingham. It is all the
more significant in its way this direct onslaught
upon Mr. BRIGHT by a reforming Conservative—
seeing that it was prefaced by the fervent protesta-
tion volunteered by INIr.ADDERLEv that " he was only
speaking the sentiment of every gentleman in that
room when he said they were not only ready but anx-
ious to carry out—not only now, but always—from
time to time, that system of reform which shall
keep the institutions of this country on a level
with the advancing intelligence and political pro-
gress of the people." A protestation, by the way,
that was greeted at once by that Conservative
audience at Hanley with a burst of acclamations.
Yet the speaker added immediately upon this
the objection—" But when they found that there
were men who put this question forward as having
the monopoly of reform, and indulging in the
grossest misrepresentations in order to keep that
position of monopoly, and who put themselves for-
ward as leaders in this question, to which they had so
little claim, it was high time they (the Conservatives)
should Understand these men, and what they were
about." It might be surmised, of course, that
these frequent allusions had reference more parti-
cularly to the Whigs. But no !—Mr. ADDERLEY
explains his meaning pretty frankly when he says,
" Foremost among these was Mr. BRIGHT, who he
(Mr. ADDERLEY) did not hesitate to say, as he had
frequently said in his presence, prostituted the
highest abilities for the simple purpose of personal
aggrandisemen't." Tolerably bold speaking that
—what the Yankees calculate to be—pretty
tall talking ! But not nearly so explicit as
what comes soon afterwards. When the right lion.
gentleman, Mr. ADDERLEY, charges Mr. BRIGHT
distinctly with a very lax and negligent attention,
indeed, to discussions in the House of Commons or,
supply nights—at the very time that Mr. BRIGHT
affects so much indignation at our lavish expendi-
ture ! Mr. ADDERLEY says quite plainly that " he
had scarcely seen him (Mr. BRIGHT) in the house
on those occasions for 18 years, and he did not
recollect him ever taking part in a dis-
cussion on the supplies." Nay, he gives
a positive and very recent case in point. He says :
—" He recollected last session, when he proposed
to save this country no less than £2,000,000 a year
by throwing upon the colonies, a task which ought
to have devolved upon them long ago—making
them support their own defences. Now, in such a
moment as that was it not reasonable to suppose
that the men who so loudly abused them (the
Conservatives) for extravagance, would only too
readily give the measure their support ? But
how was it ? He (Mr. ADDEB.LEY) said to
Mr. BRIGHT, " I belong to a class which you
accuse of extravagance. I am going to make a
proposal by which a large sum wiil be saved to the
country. Be it good or bad, will you join me,
and take part in the debate, and give me your in-
dependent opinion, whether it is done or not, or
whether it is worth anything or not ? In the
course of the debate Mr. Bamirr disappeared long
before the debate was over, without taking any
part in the discussion." Of course all this told
wonderfully well against Mr. BRIGHT among the
Conservative audience listening to Mr. ADDERLEY.
Yet the reply of the hon. member for Birmingham,
would be simple enough and unanswer- ,
able enough in its way. The more cheese-
pairing occupation is not his metier ! He left
that laborious and thankless task formerly to
Mr. JOSEPH HotE as he leaves it now to Mr.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. And Mr. BRIGHT, we may
rest assured, does so all the more willingly because

he has small reliance upon the efficiency of that 1
system of piecemeal economy, that at the very
best and under the very happiest auspices can
do no more than carry out the advice
of the old adage—looking after the pence while
leaving the pounds to take care of themselves ! In
Mr. BRIGHT'S choice there cannot surely be recog-
nised any inconsistency. That wholesale Economist
and wholesale Reformer leaves the little fribbling
retail emendations and retrenchments to fragmen-
tary innovators like Mr. WILLIAms, or, for that

matter, Mr. ADDERLEY himself. The member for
Birmingham meditating the while far grander
Reforms, and a more comprehensive system of
Retrenchment.

" Trust in Vicron. EMMANUEL and keep your
powder dry." Such is the advice of the retiring
hero of Italy ; and we must trust in GARIBALDI
and keep our governors right. •We say, keep them
right ; for we have no reason to think they ha've,
as yet, gone wrong on the Italian question ; but we
all know how easily England may be outwitted in
diplomacy ; whether it be with a Chinese Mandarin
or a French or an Austrian Count, we are generally
worsted in the conflict of give and take. Who
would have believed that an English nobleman
would, at the instigation of Count WALEwsKi I
have sacrificed the press of Belgium ? or that
England would ever, indeed, have left Russia at
all in the position she now occupies in the Black
Sea ; to say ndthing of bolder and higher views,
which the fickleness of the Emperor, who repeated
the same fickleness at Villafranca, pre vented us

from asserting.
GARIBALDI himself is the only light in this dark
affair of his withdrawal from his military command
in the Romagna. We are perfectly certain that
he would not do either a cowardly or an unpa-
triotic act: He thinks that, to use his own word,
" tortuous" as diplomacy is now becoming, he, a
frank soldier, is not the man to twist and twine
with it, or to bow and cringe to even the master of
700,000 bayonets. He felt himself pledged to fight
if he continued in command ; and the King him-
self seems to have felt that he could not succeed in
Congress while GARIBALDI was beyond the fron-
tiers of the Bolognese. This, we may say, we
more than suspect to be the real state of the case.
While some of the friends of Italian liberty trem-
bled for it, if GARIBALDI should draw upon him
the forces of Rome and Naples, GARIBALDI himself
had no such fear. He well knew that he could
thrash to chaff all the mercenaries of the POPE and
the BOURBON, and that the Italians of their
armies would desert to him on the day of battlo.
He cared not for the POPE or BOMBA, junior; the
inspiration of his cause, and of his own military
genius, assured him that the pseudo•ltalian armies
of these despots would, as those of the Austrians
did, " run like rabbits before his young recruits!
He would have beaten them, because he felt able
to beat them.

Yes, but VICTOR EMMANUEL whispers in his ear
" You may flog them both—l believe you would—
but what would the occupant of Rome do ? He
holds himself to be the defender of the POPE, and
of all who invade his territories. Your skill and
courage could not perform impossibilities; they
could not vanquish the French army, which my
Imperial cousin tells me he must move against you."
GARIBALDI looks grave, but he has no alternative.
If he stirs against Rome or Naples, he knows that
victory is sure, and revolution would follow; but
he now knows that revolution would be crushed—
that the people would not be suffered to do what
they will with their own. Louis NAPOLEON has
.nl/1 liirnonlf—tinf fn n PPrtain nnmpleaq pprqnnn en
—but to those who, in this matter, are certainly
doing his work on earth, the Roman Catholic clergy.
Italy must not be free, because Louis NAPO-
LEON desires to bribe the French clergy, and per-
haps the Univers too, could anything rea-
sonable but satisfy the demands of Ultramontanists
So GARIBLADI yields to the necessity of the hour.
But he retires ready for a spring, if his cause be
sold or trifled with. His word at any time will
raise all the four States to deadly conflict for liberty ;
and though we must regret that such a creator of
soldiers should leave his colours, we may, we will,
hope that he knows what he is doing.
To us it almost looks as if his retreat at the pre-
sent time was a part of the bargain in the affair of
the Carignan Regency. We have now the Sardi-
nian statement of what Europe may be told about
that affair. Of the real motives for all, we are, of
course, yet as much in the dark as ever ; but the
Courts of Europe may be told that the vote was as
spontaneous and universal as that for annexation to
Piedmont—a fresh proof of the attachment,of the
States to the monarchical principle—of their re-
solve to adhere to the vote of annexation—and of
their hostility to restitution. That his Majesty
could not see with indifference either their desire
for the order and good administration to which a
tnoaarchy is essential, or their determination to
unite with Piedmont, but that he did not wish to
appear to " encroach upon the liberty of examina-
tion and deliberation of the approaching Congress."
Then his Majesty proceeds to urge the necessity
of his taking precautions against dangers to order
from the turbulence of factions, and therefore of
his sanctioning some central authority to preserve
the general peace. He warns the Courts, however,
in rather strong language, that all this can be but
provisional. He says—

" We cannot conceal the fact that this measure, owing to
its e3sentially provisional character, would not completely
reassure you, if top long protracted. It is urgent that the
Congress should meet as early as possible ; as it is most
necessary that the solution it may in its Wisdom adopt shall
be such as, in satisfying the wants and wishes of the Italian
population, may put an end for ever to the danger of inter-
nal revolutions and foreign interventions. Long delays
would be fatal ; any solution not guaranteering the indo-
pendonce of Italy would only be a source of now calamities
for the Italians, of unoasiness and conflicts for Europe."

At present, on the whole, the language of VICTOR
EMMANUEL is as firm as could be hoped, after the
concessions he has made. He was wrong at the
beginning, and so far wrong still, in wishing to
allow any " liberty of examination" at all to a Con-
gress. They have, by international law, confessedly
no right to deliberate as to what the States of Cen-
tral Italy shall do, any more than those States have
to deliberate as to how the powers that meet shall
be governed. Surely Vic roR EMMANUEL will never
tolerate the Congress entertaining the question of
the Dukes' return ! He may, of course, givo up his
own personal rights, if he be so ignominiously
minded ; but, we should add, he is sacrificing the
dignity of the Piedmontese monarchy if he permits
Congress to fort id his acceptance of the offered
Crown. llc may take counsel with the powers
there as friendly advisers ; he may show himself
perfectly willing to hear all their arguments; but,
if he have any self-respect, he must say the decision
rests with me; and with no one else, and having
heard all you have said—l pronounce for the free-
dom of Italy, and therefore accept the offer which
they have made in behalf of its freedom ; the king-
dom of Northern Italy is therefore inaugurated.

A company has been formed at Konigsberg for
constructing a line of railway between that place and Thorn,
the expense of which is estimated at 10 million thalers (3f.
7.5 c. each).

According to accounts from Cairo, the Nile this
season has risen to such a height that the inhabitants have
been able to inundate the fields several times at regular in-
tervals. The consequence is that wheat, barley, and other
grain will this year be most abundant.