The Sun.
London, England, 1857-09-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, 'CONDON_ WEDNESDAY
_EV ENING,
_S EP TEMBER 1857

Stirling Journal of Friday says :—The account 3
, from all the moors in this locality are first-rate.
Indeed there has been no such excellent sportf or
some years back. On Friday Sir H. Seton Stuart,
Bart., and Mr. J. G. Morrison bagged on Touch
Moors, the former 10 brace and the latter 16 brace.
Partridges are exceedingly abundant, and promise
rare sport.

" 211AFTESBURY'S ell A.RACTERISTICS."

• (From the Dispatch )
Sir Harry, the sentimental flunkey in " High Life
Below Stairs, expresses his determination to make
himself " master of Shikspur some wet afternoon."
The idiots who cackle about India have just some
such notion about the Hindoo religion. They t',ink
it may be put down " some wet afternoon." It is
thousands upon thousands of years old. It is the
base as well as the apex of the body and soul of
Eastern life. It is the authority of every law and
the source of every custom. It begins with the
sacred dip of the newly born in the holy Ganges.
It fixes the very food and drink, the aliment of the
most clamorous and craving .of the appetites. It
flees from the corrupting corpse at the moment of
the soul's parting in the hot and plague-bearing
atmosphere. It organises and classifies countless
millions who would otherwise be a confused and

ungovernable rabble. It gives grades to Eastern

society, and settled laws to the tenure and inheri-
tance of property. It has it 4 code and hierarchies.
Thousands of years have waxed and waned and still

round it the soul and breath of Hindoo life. The

fiery Mahomet's sword that conquered India could

not conquer Bramah. Dynasties innumerable have
risen and fallen since the Veds were written and

Sanskrit fell out of popular use ; but still there
stands the religion of India, vital enough to have
convulsed the peninsula from end to end, and to
threaten to give to the listless and hopeless Hindoo
the verve and spirit of the West. That is the re-
ligion that hectoring majors, and speculative lieu-
tenants, and even sergeants that can spell, are al-
lowed in the leaded type or prominent columns of
the Times to recommend forextinction, asif it could
be done "some wet afternoon."

The Earl of Shaftesbury leaves us in no uncer-
tainty as to what the Church, and a certain class of
its lay politicians, are prepared to recommend as a
specific for Hindoo discontent. He spins out a
stale hash of the bungalow rant and leading article
nonsense with which he has crammed himself from

the daily journals, warmed up with Evangelical in-
tolerance. He actually denounces Sir Henry
Somerset for preferring the respectability of India
to its blackguardism. He calls on the Govern tr ea.%
to have nothing to do with Hindoo scholars, gentle-
men, priests, decent members of society. He con-
tends that to keep India, we should encourage its
vagabonds and scoundrels. Insult, he says, men of
high caste, by chaining them to Pariahs, Sudar?,

and Chundals: Give no preference to the good and
respected citizen over the outcast, the vagabond,
or the Atheist. The greater the miscreant the more

barren of belief, for the reception of the seeds of
evangelism.
Nor was this the way the first Evangelists made
converts. The sermon on Mars hill did not a'iuse
idols or denounce Jupiter, or demand the executi,ei
of soothsayers, or the expulsion of augurs and ves-
tals. It appealed to the Greek poets ; it adopted a
Gad the Greeks themselves worshipped ; it did not
even ridicule Delphos or execrate Eleusi3. Did
Paul ask the Jews to eat pork, to leave the temple,
to laugh at the holy of holies ? On the contrary,
did he not tell thoe who bad faith in fasts, feasts,
meats, and Sabbath-days to observe them still as
unto the Lord, dreading :Above all things that evil
spirit of unbelief which cut itself adrift frowlall tie
trivial fond records of its age and country ?
We repeat the question, do we expect to govern
180,000,000 of themost traditional, fanatical people
in the world, whose religion dates, far far past the
Mosaic age of the Creation, by destroying theirtraditional institutions, by insulting and outraging
their faith and feelings, by crushing a priesthood
respected by all, and whose numbers form more
than 10 per cent. of the population, the leaders of
the people, the very flower of the race ? Tile Ro-
mans, the great civilisers, the masters of the world,
left the laws, customs, religion of every people they
conquered just where they found them. They even
adopted the gods of their subjects—even the Jehovah
of the Jews, and the Jesus of the Christians into
their Olympus, punishing extortion, oppression, or
intolerance, by their pro-consuls over their subjects,
with the most vigilant severity. They left their
mark all over Europe, and in Africa and Asia, pre-
serving their power over their dependencies by
their wise liberality long after they themselves
withered at the heart.

It ought to be especially remembered that Brah-
minism, caste, may perfectly coexist in India with
the profession of Christianity. Rammohun Roy
became a Christian without losing caste, just by
obeying the formal observances of Hindooisua. But
we cannot recommend Christianity to them while
the lives and conduct of Europeans in the East, and
the public dealings of our Government with the
people, are impure, unjust, fraudulent, and op-
pressive. Did the crusades evangelise the Holy
Laud? Has the intolerance of the Turks made
one Christian the less in Turkey or Greece ?
Were ever people so persecuted as the Jews ; yet
there they stand, Christians being unable to boast
a single convert. Has Popery sunk under Protes-
tant persecution ? Is it not rather more popular in
Great Britain than ever ? We cannot govern
180,000,000 of people against their own will. If
we would Christianise India, we must convert the
Brahmins by conciliation, persuasion, justice, and
generosity. If we would retain India, we must
rule, not in spite of, but in the hearts of the people.

.oyal the citizen. The worst and vilest man will
make the easiest convert to Christianity. To toler-
ate even the religion of 200,000,000 of human
beings with reasonable souls and the right of free
thought, is called " pandering to their vanities,
and bigotry, and religious prejudices." Indeed, it _
is broadly stated by this mouth-piece of the Evan- (From the Times City Article.)
gelical Alliance that to recognise the rights and Between conflicting schemes there seems a pro-
privileges of the natives of India, "is wholly incon-
sistent with the position we occupy there ;" and bability that the Indian telegraph, which ought to
be completed in six months, will either fail Sit°.
that our respect for those of them whom their own
countrymen regard with deference, and revere for gather, or be delayed until thel greatest need for it
their rank, station, and qualifications, "is incon- is passed. For some time two routes have been
before the public—one via the Persian Gulf and
sistent with our political position, and with our the Euphrates to the Mediterranean ; the other via
position as a Christiau country. "- There is no mis-
d that it is cod the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. After mature
taking this; and w© regret to ad
typical, only a representative utterance of what
Y deliberation the Government selected the Euphrates
line, and granted it a subsidy of 6 per cent. ; but a
is in the minds of too many of us. If ever a New
firman was required from Constantinople, and ap-
Orleans Fillibuster canted through the nose of Low
parently the intrigues always rife in that capital
Church Methodism it is here. If ever the vilest, against British interests have prevented it from
the most unscrupulous self-sufficiency of orthodox
being obtained. Meanwhile the promoters of the
hypocrisy usurped the venerable form of Chris-
rival or Red Sea route have thus been stimulated
tianity, it is in this brazen confession, that to respect
the rights of conscience of our fellow-subjects, and to revive their project, and have appealed to the
Government and the public to treat the Euphrates
to accept the institutions of society in the countries line, if not as an impractibility, at all events as a
we govern as we find them, is incompatible with scheme that must bo indefinitely deferred. But
our position, and inconsistent with Christianity ! the Euphrates Company are ready to repel this
If that be so, then no right-minded Englishman view, and it is probable that if the arguments of
will hesitate to say, if British rule cannot be main- the parties interested on each side were accepted
tained by British principles of government, then neither lice would be attempted. The objection to
let British rule end. It is not necessary that we the Euphrates line, that there is a difficulty iu oh-
should hold Hindostan, but it is necessary if we taining a firman, cannot hold for a moment. The
do, that we should hold it honestly, rule it justly, English Government having already sanctioned it,
govern it, not for our own glory or emolument, but our influence in the East must have fallen low if
for the advantage and happiness of its inhabitants. Russian or other agents at Constantinople find
Fiat justitia ruat ecelum. Nothing so dishonours themselves able to induce the Porte to deny a :re-
Christianity as to declare it to be incompatible with quest for that means of communication with our
the concession of human rights, and to propagate own possessions which, in the interests of civili,a-
its doctrines by tyranny and oppression. don, any country under like circumstances might
We entreat our countrymen to reflect for a mo- reasonably demand. The question, therefore, if
ment on these fashionable propositions of unscrupu- there is to be any rivalry, must reelly lie between
lows fanaticism. India is as large as Europe, quite the comparative merits of the two routes. The
as populous—as diversified in its population—much Euphrates or Tigris plan, according to a modifica-
longer civilised—thousands of years older in per- tion recently proposed, seems to be for a sub-
fectly authentic historical traditions. It is delibe- marine cable from Kurrashee to Bagdad, along the
rately proposed by those "fools who rush in where shallow waters of the Persian Gulf, with a land
angels fear to tread" to destroy the whole fabric of connexion of 1,200 miles from Bagdad to Con-
Hindco society, to elevate its blackguards, encou- stantinople, which would at once bring London
rage its scoundrels, be the patrons of its pariahs and all parts of India into direct coirmuni-
(who are to India what Atheists are to England), to tion. Within five months, it is computed,
degrade all whom the natives look to, and insult the cable from Kurrachee to Bagdad might
and crush all whom they respect and who resp ct be laid, whence horsemen would bring messages to
themselves, to ignore the religion of 200,000,000 of Constantinople in six days ; and meanwhile the
the most superstitious devotees in the world, to
land line being in course of construction, the dis-
scorn their priests, scoff at their religious observ- Lance would be shortened every week. The entire
antes, and "put down" their devotional practices length would be about 2,800 miles, and the esti-
-this, we say, is, with most self-satisfied sapience, mated cost 400,0001., and the whole, it is alleged,
very jauntily projected as a scheme of government could be completed in six or seven months. The
for India, and it is actually believed that 100,000 only disparagement attempted has been that the
—nay, 50,000 Europeans could rule 4,000 times land portion would be liatsle to wanton darestge
their own number of Asiatics in the country of the from the Arabs ; but this idea has meet well no
simoom, the rainy season, the plague and the jun- countenance from the persons best acquainted with
gle, by flying in the face of everything they most them, who believe, in fact that they would be its
value on this earth ! That is actually what we call true protectors. If the Americans can venture to
government I carry a line to California through tribes of hostile
We are surprised at the enormities they have Indians, the apprehension of gratuitous mischief in
committed, and attribute them to their religion. this case must, it is contended be
the scheme
, be regarded as idle,
Do we forget that their acts in a "muck" of fanati- arid it is presumed before
cal panic are reallyas nothingtothoseof Christians? Lord Palmerston felt reasonable security on that
Have we forgotten the Anabaptists of Munster, or point. Ou the other hand, the Red Sea Company
the Mormons of Salt Lake, the horrors of the French contemplate a land line of 240 miles from Alexan-
Revolution, the tortures of the Spanish Inquisition, dria to Suez, and 4,163 miles of cable from Suez
the Massacres of Glencoe and St. Bartholomew, to Ade* and Aden to Kurrachee, the estimated cost
the Smithfield fires, the enormities of Jeffries, the being 700,0001., and the time required one year.
wholesale murders of the Scottish Covenanters, the By laying the cable in the firet instance from Suez
thumb-screw, the boot, the drowning of girls, and to Aden they calculate, however, that at au ex-
the shooting of maidens and their sweethearts, the pence of 300,0001. they could bring India and Bug-
Protestant persecution of Catholics in Ireland—and land within a week's communication in about the
all this in the name of religion, perpetrated by pro- same period as that in which a similar result could
fessing Christians, on Christians, by Frenchmen,
andand effectedthebe
jecEtiuopnhurragtodis ha
es Coitnpt waony.ing to thelnthis
case a principal Spaniards, and Englishmen, and Scotchmen, by
b e i
pai
o
Irishmen on their own countrymen, not in the tremendous and uncertain depths of the Red Sea
sudden fury of revolt against alien oppression, but and the character of its coral reefs the cable would
in the name of conscience, by form of law, in the be lost or almost instantly destroye 1. Whether
ordinary exercise of reigning power. these predictions are well grounded may be a ques-
Suppose we suppressed caste in India. Assume tion, but they are - based on the reasonings of
for the sake of argument that we had succeeded in scient:fic men most known in connection with tele-
the inconceivably cruel and sinfuldesign of destroy- graphic enterprise, while the sole testimony,
ing the whole mechanism of Hindoo society by the cited by the promoters as to the facility with
eradication of Brahminism. What then? Can any which the coral reefs may be avoided is that
man put his finger upon a single British mission of a person known only in connection with the
that has succeeded in really converting Pagans and most reckless engineering delusion ever yet at-
idolators to Christianity ?We do not mean nominal tempte 1 or exposed. Still it is possible, or even
Christianity, the mere profession of faith in the probable, that every difficulty in the case may be
Gospel, but its spirit, its truth, an actual apprehen- capable of being overcome, and it is quite certain
sion and practice of its scope and tenor ? Why, the that in relation to a question like that of establish-
reports of all the missionaries among the Kaffir; ing an Indian telegraph no fears should be allo ,ved
the Now Zealanders, the American Indians, the to stand in the way, unless backed by such a inlaid-
Turks, Jews, and Arabs, the Chinese, the Hindeos meus expression of scientific opinion as would
embraceauniformconfession;ofutterfailure, of worse amount almost to a demonstrat. on of their correct--
indeed—ofthis—thatthe onlynominalconvertseven ness. The point to be observed is that there is
were the very greatest scoundrels of every station. nothing as matters at present stand to alter the
Is it forgotten that the freest, the greate t, the view trriginally taken by the Home Government,
most civilised, the most virtuous nations in the and that if the business is to resolve itself into a
world, flourished and became refined, and wise, contest of routes the battle may be interminable.
and good, even under the vilest superstitions— If the Government have changed their opinion re-
worshipping by human sacrifices—sacrificing to garding the political advantage of extending our
Venus, Priapus, and Bacchus—making a sensual communications on the Euphrates, and are row
clebauchee of the " Father of . Gods and Man," more inclined to favour the various movements in
Juno a procuress, Mercury a thief, and Neptune the direction of Suez, the Euphrates Company will,
and Venus adulterers ? ; of course, fail to get their firman, and there the
We are accustomed to assume, from the vague affair will end ; but apparently it is only in this
traditions of the conversion of Europe from Druid- way the rivalry can be extinguished. A b •tt-r
ism and other superstitions to Christianity, that course to meet the difficulty seems, howeve'-, to
St. Augustine and St. Patrick and others, created present itself. If both lines are practicable toth
a complete revolution on the face of its society, and sh Add be completed, and each should be encore.
opened to it the humanising influences of the raged to compete with the other to see how soon
Gospel. But the fact is, we were never mote the first I:nk can be re ilis(_d. With only one line
Pagans than when we knelt to the cross, never itt existence what would ba our state hi case of
more wildly superstitious and idolatrous than emergency ? Let any one imagine our positon,
in the times of witlicraft, monkery, crusades, supposing a bleak to occur at any momentous
exo-eisme, saint worship, excommunication and period, and to place us in all the helplessness of
inquisition. Nev.'. were such ze dolls missionaries those who have brought every htbit and arrange-
as the Genoee, the Venetian", the Spaniard, the went to work in reliance upon a means which
Portuguese, the Dutch. Where are their convect. ? abruptly and utterly fails them. In time of war
What good did they do with all their conversions ? with the announcement that the Indian cable had
Are the South Sea Islanders b tier men now than broken wo should be like a crowd in a room with
Are
they were before ever they saw a Christian . 2 .. the the gas suddenly turne 1 off.
And what would be
Peruvians and Mexicans, under " the r most Chris- our consolation for the panic and for the millions
tian Majesties," half so good, so virtuous, humane, of loss it would involve in money, fame, and terra-
just,_ _
just, confiding, and noble, as in the days of the In- tory ? That in the year 1857, when we were spend-'
cas, or under the sway of Montezuma, who pro- ing about 2,000,0001. per month in steam trans-
fessed a faith worse than Brahministn ? Travellers ports, ke, wa had saved a single outlay of
have found the Bible, the cross, Christian profession 400,000/. ! The consideration seems so iiiv;rec
.i it.l
among whole tribes of Africans, not to le distin- that it can hardly be dealt will seriously. It is o
guished in savagery and ignorant barbarism from be re membered, moreov,r, that in critical time', if
I ould be •in co 1-
the grovelling idolat -rs who surrounded them.. We the accident happened or not, wes.l .
__ _
do not find that the Jews were either more ju-t, start agony from its probability. St 11, what-
humanc, refined, or civilised than the Egyptians, ever may be done by the
Government, one point
that .vh,:ht3r toy
Red
t i) sa
them. There is nothing on wbsch Clint resolve to support the Euphrates or
surrounded i .
have -ieht to encourage the
so much insists as upon this, that it is not Ow is- rout, or both, they not e
..
tianity that makes people virtuous, so mu ;11 as public to subscribe unless they are previously sa is-
that it is virtuous people that become Christi ins. tied there is no risk but suet as
.in my fairly be ex-
The* ,etpetted
parable of the sower has this for its very obit , . to be overcome. .
It is very easy to
themselves for
a He that knew not his Master's will and did it," is "encourage" shareholders to ruin
a case which assumes the existence of Christianity ' the national benefit-, but no h )nest. By a sub-
ins of the under-
the heart, without any historical knowledge of sidy made conditional on the sucse.•
but
Christ. "I came not to bring the righteous to re- taking. the Government do nothingtro,v. insurea
pentence," is a declaration that implies a similar : possible advantage for themselves,
Fit, i.tag all the
truth. In fact, it is impossible to make .Hindoos danger on inclividu it shoulders
but a ordinaryo en.
Christians merely by dest oying Brahminism. _ terprises this might be very well,
aprt mise of
bonus, but fer
Christianity is the highest fact in the his' ory of 6 per cent. fir 25 years, not as
that '
man." It requires the highest intelligence anti vir- actual services to be performed eluting: et int,
i tue to apprehend and receive the Gospel. To make is not such as to compensate for any unusual peri .
l Athe:sta of Hindoos will not prepare the ground, If the public like to accept it with their eyes open

THE INDIAN TELEG RAPS.

there can be no objecion ; but the Government
cannot with propriety even tacitly m:ommend it,
unless they feel in a strong degree satisfied of the
feasibility cf the selected scheme. Any doubt on
that head ought to be made known ; and, suppos-
ing them stilt to wish the work done, they should
then promptly come forward to participate in the
risk.

The annexed letter from Mr. Andrew, the chair-
man of the Euphrates telegraph line, gives his view
of the question in reply to the statements on the
other side recently circulated in all quarters :

" Sir,— A. valuable letter appeared in the Times of
Saturday from Mr. Walker Wilkins, the well-know*
telegraph engineer, on the all important subject of tele-
grapic communication with India.
" Mr. Wilkins says the Persian Gulf route saves the
use of 2,500 miles of submarine wire. I don't mean the
cost of it ; that is no now to be thought of. I mean
the risks of imperfect manufacture, laying, and of in-
sulation and other matters, which at present seem to be
entirely overlo .ked in the manufacture and laying long
and deep lengths of submarine wire.'
"Mr. Wilkins's objections to the Red Sea route are
fully borne out by a writer in the Fr•ienrl of India of
November lait—a journal remarkable for the accuracy
of its information, and whose authority will scarcely be
impugned by the chairman of the Red Sea Company.
The Friend asserts that The Red Sea is remarkable
for the extreme variation of its depth. The line must
be extended over shoals scarcely covered by the water,
and places where for miles the charts are marked " no
bottom." The operation of laying the wire, always dif-
ficult and often :'ange.rous, would be still further im-
peded by the furious gusts which at certain seasons
sweep over the Red Sea• The route has but one advan-
tage. The line, except in Egypt, would pass through
our own dominions. No foreign Power can contest
with us the sovereignty of the Red Sea, and the tribes
along its shore are powerless a mile irons land. The ad-
♦ant_+ge, however, is not sufficient to compensate for the
indirectness of the route, its costliness, and the compa-
rative certainty of failure. The second scheme, from
Scutari to Bussorah, and thence to Kurrachee, involves
a submarine line of only one-third the length. Aecordieg
to Dr. O'Shaughnessy's (now Sir William B. O'Shaugh-
nessy) figures, it would us) scarcely longer than the cable
now made to connect Newfoundland with the Irish
coast—Persian Gulf by Bussorab, Parah Isle to Rus
Malgarane H. Busheab Island to Cape Task ; total
1,270. With the same weight of two tons a mile, which
imptes a wire of more than usual thickness, and a cable
cf unprecedented strength, the cost would not sx3eed
259,000/. From Korna to Bagdad the line would be
submerged in the river for 410 miles- By this expedient
the expense of guards would be diminished, while the
cable, lying lengthwise, e,nd not transversely to the
stream, could not be injured either by current or storm.
The sea cable, shipped in pieces of 400 tons, could he
laid down by four ships at once, while on the river the
large rafts used by the natives would afford every facility
for the work.'

Purijaub, ''v.here he made many geogranhical ehserva- •
tines. A' the wooer, t,rminatiee of the HewslaYas, on
the western side of the Indus, the range north of the
Thibet and the Kaenhein can no mole tie traced as se-
parate
chains, but form one mountain mass. Here they
have lost to a great extent their Alpine charac' er, and
no more large glaciers are to be met with. Western
Thibet does not form a plateau, hut is an undulating
cluntry, intersected by many high mountain ranges. One
of the features of those parts, chiefly near the Moostak
Pas, was the depression of the snow line here at au eleva-
tion of only 17,900 feet, which was perhaps owing to the
great amount of snow and rain which fell in that country.
At the same time the heat of the deep valleys of Balki-
staff, which had an elevation of between 7,000 and 8,000
feet, very little distant fr.ma the foot of the glaciers, was
excessively high, the mean temperature from the Ist to
the 20th of July Lein 73 degs. to 75 dege. Fahrenheit,
the minimum of the night bAng 59 dege., and the maxi-
mum being sometimes 90 degs. Herman Schlsgintweit
followed from Simla, first in a north-easterly direction,
chiefly the line of the Tibelan Salt Lakes, Tsogan, Teo-
gar, Tsomikpat,andTsomognalari, which wasithe greatest
of all, and lay iu Teangkong. These lakes showed a very
different degree of concentration of the water. The lake
Tsangkong had a specific quantity of 1,003 and the wa-
ter had no more a maximum of density above the freezing
point, but contracted regularly tilt its freezing point was
at 31.5 degs. Fahrenheit. He reached Lehin Ladak
and rejoined hie brother there. In the meantime he tra-
velled from Simla by Kooloo, Lahol, and Kuopshoo to
Ladak, passing over the Bara Lacha, Lacha, Luting, and
Trong Loong Pas-,es. They went on from Leh on the
54th of July to Noobra, where, during a stay of three
month., they reached the summit of Sassarda (about
20,000 feet). They then bad to cross the plateau to the
south of Karo-korum already visited by Dr. Thompson,
17,100 feet high, and found afterwards much more ex-
tensive ones to the north of Karo-korum Pass. They
were nearly perfectly barren, and covered only with hills
from 200 to 400 feet elevation, so small that they were
enabled for in-tance to cross in one day from passes of
more than 17,000 feet, which were but slightly elevated
above tide serroundiog plateaus. After some further
observations, Herr Schlagintweit gave some detail of
researches in the territory of Nepaul, and concluded his
interesting paper amid applause.

" Adverting to the prospectus of the It ed Sea route,
I would remark that the guarantee is only a subsidy so
long as the line is actually at work, and has yet to re-
ceive the sanction of Government. The difficulty and
risk are not in laying the cable, but in maintaining it.
If any light line be laid down, even twice as heavy as
the Atlantic cable, it is the opinion of the best and most
that it cannot be maintained for any length of time, on
account of the physical formation of the bottom of the
Red Sea, and also froth the prevalence of coral reefs,
which are represented by nauticll men as being as sharp
as the back of any ordinary knife. The interruptions
so constantly experienced on the four light lines of cable
laid between Ortordness and Holland show that in all
physical probability a single light line in the Red Sea
could not be depended upon a week. If the old Electric
Telegraph C mnpany require a special steamer, the
Monarch, scith a large staff at a heavy expense, to watch
and pick up and repair the line in question—about 100
miles long—what would be the strength of the squa-
dron required in the Red Sea?
" It is not oely the coral reef difficulty which renders
the maintenance of the line so critical, but the exceeding.
irregularity of the bottem, in consequence of which the
line would in many places be unavoidably suspended
across submarine chasms and on sharp edges, on which
it would speedily chafe through by the force of its own
weight.
e" This is the true risk to the shareholders, who may
rest assured that if they place the Atlantic cable, or any
similar one, in the Red Sea, it would be simply the sub-
mersion of their capital, with as good a chance of aver
receiving any return from the so-called guarantee as
they have of fishing up the golden wheels of Pharoah's
chariot.—l am, &c.,

" W. P. ANDREW.

" Gresham-house, Aug. 31."

ROUTE THROUGH INDIA, THE 13IMA
LAYAS,

At the meeting of the British Association, held io
Dublin, Herr Schlagintweit read his paper on the route
pursued by himself and his brothers in the Himalayas,
Thibet, and Turkistan. He said that in making an ad-
dress to the association immediately after his return from
Hindustan he felt deeply that he required their kind in-
dulgence. It afforded him the greatest pleasure to state
on such an occasion that, by the liberal arrangements
made with himself and his brothers by the right hon. the
directors of the East India Company, they would be
enabled at once to begin the publication of their researches
in India. Their work woul Ibe entitled "Results of a
Scientific Mission to India and High Asia during the
years 1854, 1355, and 1356, by derma.n, Adolphe, and
Robert Sehlagiutw. it. It would be acc imeanied by at-
lases, ecistaieiug topographical and geographical maps of
diff,retr, parts of India and of the Himalaya and moun-
tains of Thibet. They had been treated with great kind-
ness by their venerable friend Baron Humboldt, by
Colonel Sykes, and .General Sabine, to whom they felt
deeply grateful. In 1854 he and his brothers, Adolphe
and Herman, went from Bombay to Madras, through
Senthern India—namely, the Deccan, Mysore, and the
states of the Nizaro, on different routes, and met again
all three in Madras. Already during their sea voyage
they had occasion to make_ some observations on the
temperature and specific gravity of sea water and the
currents of the sea, and these observations they continued
during their voyage from Madras to Calcutta. In the
beginning of the year 1855 Herman Sclagintweit went
through Bengal to Sikkin, and examined there the Ilima-
leyas, chiefly on the frontier between Sikkin and Nepaul.
This route particularly afforded the advantage of ena-
bling him to measure from a comparatively short dis-
tance the eastern Himalayas, including the peaks far to
the eastward from Charnalari until considerably to the
west of the laigh mountain•of Nepaul. This was the same
peak which had been recently measured by Col. Waugh,
who named it Mount Everest, after his distinguished
predecessor. Its height was stated by the officer to ex-
ceed 20,000 feet. He and his brother obtained two names
for it—one was Gororishanka, which was its sacred
name, connected with Hindoo mythology, and only to be
feund in the Nepaulese holy books—the other was its
Thibeten name, which was Chingofautuari. The name
Deodunga, which was mentioned by Mr. Hodgson in con-
nection with this peak, was,as they were told inKatmandeo
the name of a low mountain, about 800 or 900 feet high,
which was visible from the central parts of Nepaul in
about the same line as Mount Everest, and was remark-
able for having upon its summit a sacred stone. After
leaving Sikkin, H. Schlagintweit examined a part of the
Bhootan Himalayas and Upper Assam, and returning to
Calcutta al mg the Brahmapootra and the delta of the
Ganges joined his brothers in Oude in May, 1856. He
(Herr R. Schlagintweit) and his brother Adolphe left
Calcutta in March, 1855, and passing through the North-
West Provinces, reached Naing Tel, whence they took
different routes to Milum ; from Milum they crossed
over to Thibet, and in the uisguise of merchants from
Delhi, having merchandise but no money with them,
succeeded in penetrating as fares the source of the Indus.
Among the roost interesting geographical features on this
journey he might mention the following :—First, the
alluvial deposits met north of the Himalayas formed by
no means a plain, bordering the Himalayas to the north-
ward, as the plain of Hindustan dees to the southward.
These al uvial and lacustrine deposits are merely filling
up the irregularities in one of the greatest longstudioal
valleys of the world. This valley, included between the
Himalaya t the south and the chief crest of the atuun•
tains of Thibet to the tenth, contains the course of the
Indus to the west and the Dihoug—the chief tributary of
tee Brahinapeotra—to the east. Both these rivers were
separated only by a sms'l rising of the surface of the val-
-1.1. A well-known example of a similar formation in
Europe was the feral of the watershed between the lon
and the Drae-a-:c-blach in the Tyrol. Second, north of
the Indus a new high mountain range rose, covered with
snow, and f ‘rming the watershed between Thibet and
Eastern Turkistan. This ranee had been confounded
with the Kueuheins, and its ranee
had never been
properly defined, as it did not stretch from east to west.
It was called in LA, Ink and Ballistan the Kero•karum
range, which signified black mountains, a characteristic
name, for here the snow line was the highest iwthe
word, being 18,600 feet above the level of thesea. From
the peak of Geenashankur, 19.640 feet, they had the
finest view which they hal ever beheld the course of
which they could trace 150 wiles to the east of Gartok.
They went from Glaok to examine the glaciers up en
the high peak of Hi Ganari, and having encamped on
the 18,h Aug. at the height of 19,200 feet at the top of
the glacier, they succeeded on the 19Ji Aug. in attain
ing on Ibi Ganuri a height of 22,260 English feet—the
greatest height, per apt, which up to the present tiins
had been at ained on any mountain. (Loud applatne.)
They returned by different routes. He himself crossed
over a succession of passes into the valley of the Upper
Garrets, where he examined a number of hot springs.
In the cold season of 1855-G they examined togellesr the
North-Western Provinces, and part of Central India.
Adolphe went to the south along the coarse of the Goda
very, and embarked for Madras. He (Herr Robert
ScWagintweit) availed himself of the cold season to . xi-
:nine chiefly, Central India up to the pl iteau of Aniark7
weak, the important watershed of Central ladle. Here
he made some observations, which in a geagraphical
point of view were extremely interesting. 'Tee height
of the plateau, which has never been measured before,
was 3,300 feet ; it was the culminating part of Csetral
India, and the hills in its neighbouriro d fennel the
watershed between four rivers, v z , the Nertu Ida, the
Soave, theJohilla,and the Mahamtnuchiy. Fr en Atnark-
antak he went to Simla, via Delhi. In 1856 Alelpl e
Schlagintweit left S'imla for the Himalayas arid Th:ba:.
on the 28th May. On the 29th July, he reached an ele-
vation of 19,5000 feet on the Chor!ccridah Pcak, on the
mountain: of Baikistan. On the let sei:tetub r ie a-
rived at the capital, and subs, quently examined the
group of mountain where the Indus makes its greatest
bond to the south. One of these mountains, which
reaches the height of 26,000 feet, is very remarkable on
account of its position, which is at the end of the western
Hima'ayas. In the end of the year he proceeded to the