The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TH URSDAY EVENING, NOVEMI3ER 14, 1861.

IHE NAVY.

ARRIVAL OF THE WARRIOR AT PLYMOUTH
(From the Times.)

The iroy.-plated screw steam frigate Warrior, 40,
Capt. the Hon. Arthur A. Cochrane, accompanied
by Rear-Admiral Robert Smart, in the fligship
Revenge, 80, Capt. Charles Fellowes, arrived in
Plymouth Sound on Tuesday afternoon, as reported
in The Sun yesterday by telegram. These ships
left Queenstown harbour under steam at 9 o'clock
in the morning of Saturday last. When well out-
side the screws were raised, all plain sail made to
royals, and they continued cruising until 5 p m.
On Sunday, the 10th, their course was altered to-
wards the Channel, for which they proceeded under
easy sail, the two ships keeping company very well.
The Warrior went 94 knots per hour under topsails
and foresail. Sail was shortened or made as the
breeze freshened or decreased. On the 11th, at
noon, the ships being still under canvas only,
Scilly lighthouse was sighted. Here three blank
broadsides were discharged ; in the afternoon the
guns were shotted and fired. Yesterday the
Warrior made two efforts to tack, but she would
not go round. It appears that more head sail is
necessary; an additional mast for ward is sug-
gested, or that the foremast and mainmast
should be stepped nearer the bow. The ship is
too much inclined to "come up in the wind." On
the evening of the 11th the two vessels steered
right up Channel. On the morning of the 12th sails
were furled, steam got up, and a course taken for
Plymouth Sound, where they arrived at sunset.
The Warrior took the lead, and anchored on the
eastern ground inside the Breakwater. The Revenge
went to the westward. A considerable number of
persons assembled on Plymouth Hoe to witness the
arrival of the new ship. Although her great length
gives her the appearance of being hogged, her bull,
the bow especially, was much admired. The unusual
space between the foremast and mainmast excited I
observation. During the recent cruise two sets of
night signals, Ward's and Colombe's, have been
tested. The latter are said to be very effective and
intelligible in all weathers.
The Western Morning News, in noticing the
arrival of the Warrior and the Revenge at Ply-
mouth, says the two vessels came into the Sound
under easy steam, the Warrior leading, at 4 p.m.
When coming end on towards the spectator from
the shore, the Warrior did not do herself justice,
but after rounding the breakwater and standing
across the Sound, when she turned her broadside
towards the Hoe, the stupendous magnitude of this
vast vessel was made apparent. Last evening, from
the lateness of the hour at this season of the year
at which she arrived, few persons went into the
Sound to see her. While at Queenstown she was
thrown open to the public for two days, and a large
number of visitors came down to her in steamers
from Cork city and elsewhere. Should the same
privilege be extended to the public while she is
here, large numbers from this neighbourhood will
also probably avail themselves of the courtesy. She
left Queenstown on Saturday morning, and on her
passage here has been engaged in various trial ex-
periments. She has experienced squally weather,
but has not fallen in with a regular gale. Since her
leaving Portland she has been as far down in the
Bay of Biscay as long. 8.25 W., in lat. 49.50 N.
As a sea boat and under steam her success has
equalled the expectations of the most sanguine.
Under sail, and steam working full power, she has
obtained the extraordinary speed of 17.2 knots, or
just 20 miles per hour, leaving the Revenge no-
where, but under sail alone she is no match for the
Revenge, the two-decker going closer to the wind,
and faster before it. The Warrior is exceedingly
stiff under all circumstances, rolling uncommonly
easy in a cross sea, and pitching very slightly com-
pared with other vessels. When the Revenge was
shipping seas in considerable number, the Warrior
was completely dry, A broadside from her heavy
armament scarcely causes any vibration. Her bul-
warks never creak.

In accordance with orders from the Lords of the
Admiralty, the screw steamships Donegal, 99, Capt.
Sherard Osborne, C. 8.; Conqueror, 99, Capt. Ed-
ward Sotheby, C.B. ; and Sanspareil, 7% Captain
Arthur P. E. Wilmot, C. 8., left Plymouth Sound
yesterday, about noon, with the expeditionary bat-
talion of Royal Marines for Mexico. At the time of
departure the wind was blowing half a gale from
the northward of east, accompanied by rain, with
every appearance of increasing heavy weather. The
intention to touch at Madeira is, we believe, aban-
doned, but the squadron will call at Barbadoes and
Jamaica en route to Vera Cruz. A rumour that
was generally believed at Plymouth on Tuesday,
evening, that these vessels were to be delayed sail-
ing by the Admiralty for eight days, on account of
an expected gale, has proved incorrect.
In consequence of the time which must be occu-
pied in repairing the defects of the paddlewheel
steamvessel Advice, M. Raymond master, at Devon-
port, her crew will be turned over to the gunboat
Lark, which will proceed to Queenstown when
supplied with stores.

The order for paying off the screw steamship
Centurior, 80, at Plymouth, " all standing," has
been countermanded by the Lords of the Admi-
ralty. She is now to be dismantled and her stores
are all to be returned.

The paddlewheel steamer Adder, tender to the
Wellesley, 74, guardship to the sailing reserve at
Chatham, embarked from St. Mary's Island, shortly
after daylight yesterday morning, a party of 140
convicts, from the Chatham convict establishment,
with which she proceeds to the Nore, where they
were transferred to the convict transport Lord Dal-
housie for conveyance to Gibraltar, there to be em-
ployed on the works in connection with the repair
of the fortifications.

The sailing liner Wellesley, 74, which is under-
going conversion at Chatham for a receiving and
training ship for boys and lads, has been removed
from her moorings in the harbour to the floating
shears to have her present lower masts removed, in
order to be fitted with smaller masts and yards. A
party of carpenters from the guardshipsForwidable,
84, and Fisgard, 42, have been for some time past
employed at Chatham in preparing and lengthening
the masts of the Diamond, 27, attached to the sail-
ing reserve, which are to be placed on board the
Wellesley. In order to accommodate the large
number of boys who will be attached to the Welles-
ley the most extensive alterations have been made
in her internal fittings, and the interior has under-
gone a complete metamorphosis. The whole of the
seamen pensioners now serving on board are to be
discharged, and able and ordinary seamen only re-
tained on board the vessel. With the exception of
a few 32's to be used in the instruction of the lads,
all the guns have been taken out and removed to the
ordnance stores. The lower deck is to be given up
exclusively to the boys, the seamen having berths
and accommodation provided for them on the orlop
deck.

Admiralty orders were yesterday received at
Chatham directing that no more frigate frames are
to be converted until further orders are received,
from which it is inferred that the Admiralty are
about to suspend the construction of new ships of
that class.

The screw corvette Barossa, 21, 1,700 tons, 400-
horse power, is ordered to be brought forward, with
the utmost despatch, for the first division of the steam
reserve in the Medway, at Chatham, to be in readi-
ness for immediate commission, when required. The
Barossa is almost complete in her rigging and fit-
ments, and is expected to be ready to go out of the
steam basin at Sheerness in the course of a day or
two, when she will immediately join the steam re•
serve fleet under the command of Captain C. F.
Schomberg.
Every exertion is being made in forwarding the
Rattlesnake, 21, in No. 4 dock in Chatham-yard.
Seyeral gangs of workmen are actively engaged

upon her, upwards Of 40 hands being employed in
the operation of coppering, which is now rapidly
approaching completion.

The naval department transport Sinbad has been
brought alongside the anchor-wharf at Chatham
dockyard, and commenced discharging a cargo of
general stores for the use.of the yard. She also
brings a quantity of ships'iam ipisses to be placed
in store, and a large funnel lbr the Reindeer, 17,
screw steam-sloop, 951 tons, 200 horse-power, now
building on No. 2 slip.
Workmen have new completed flooring over No.l
dock at Chatham, which is for the present rendered
useless for the accommodation of shipping, on ac-
count of its being in the hands of the contractors,
Messrs. Foord and Sons, of Rochester, who are new
engaged in lengthening and improving it. The
flooring is formed of thick slabs of wood, and is
supported by immense piles, it being necessary that
it should be of the greatest strength, as it is to be
used as a workshop in which the huge sections and
other parts of the Achilles, iron frigate, now build-
ing in the next dock, are to be fitted together be-
fore being used in the actual construction of that
vessel. The covering over the third dock is to be
carried considerably further inland, and the end
nearest the water is now being enclosed.
By direction of the authorities at the Horse
Guards a further number of cavalry and infantry
troops who have completed their period of service,
or have been pronounced unfit for further service,
will be discharged from the army at St. Mary's In-
valid Establishment, Chatham, this morning. The
men selected for discharge were inspected on the
parade-ground at St. Mary's Barracks yesterday
morning.

FRANCE AND AUSTRLI.

Last Sunday week appeared in the Courrier (71

Dimanche an article from the pen of M. E. Pelle-
tan, headed "La Libcrte comme en Autriche," con-
trasting the liberal institutions awarded by the
Emperor of Austria to his people with those exist-
ing in France; and the contrast is greatly to the
advantage of the former. It appears that it has
given offence to the Minister of the Interior, who
has no great admiration for Parliamentary govern-
ment, and that the paper has been seized with a
view to prosecution. The following are a few ex-
tracts from the offensive article:

I, There was a time when Franeo was in the ad-
vanced guard of liberty. She exercised sovereignty,
for she controlled the revenue and the expenditure ;
she named the Government, and while she invested
it with powers to act for her, she stood erect be-
hind it, and maintained her right of discussion with
it—that is, of sup3rintendenee. And so, every
hour, and without any interruption, directly or in-
directly, under one form or another, with one
liberty or another, France kept her influence in the
policy of the country, and governed in participation
with the Government ; for what statesman could

adopt any measure whatever in the business of IA
free people without taking into account her opinion ?
The jaded spirit of I know what ante-chamber de-

moeracy affects a profound disgust for the libera

system, which it calls the system of prating. The
press, hostile to freedom of speech, which consents
to speak only, in order to transform France into a
nation of deaf and dumb people, can speak of the
liberal regime as it pleases, but at least it cannot
say that that regime placed the spirit of inquiry in
suspicion and demanded silence as its condition.
Far from refusing or fearing to reason, liberty ap-
pealed from it, the very first, to discussion. But
it is not by induction only that we may estimate

the Liberal regime, it is by experience. It has
lived; and in the memory of our generation it
made of France the living thought, the univer-
sity, the academy of Europe. It reealled philo-
sophy, revived eloquence, regenerated history,
transferred poetry, revolutionised literature. Not
one of us but could tell from memory at this mo-
ment the list of all the talents of the very first
order—writers, artists, orators, publicists, econo-
mists—whom we found placed as an escort of honour
round the footsteps of freedom. Many have dis-
appeared. Some survive in France and abroad.
E vtry day Time removes them to the other side of

the mountain. Death exhausts our supplies of
genius; but do we renew them ? Where are the
glories we have got in exchange ? All we now do
is to enlighten ourselves, to warm ourselves in the
last rays of the setting sun."

This is not a bad beginning. Again
" The free press had its eye ever open to the
gambling of speculation. Then was not witnessed

the repetition of the Mississippi bubble of the Re-
gency, nor of the hells under the guise of banks,
nor of Samuel Bernard by turn of the hand rising
from the dept of the Rue Quincampoix to the sum-
mit of opulence, and falling from the heights of his
millions to the bar of a police-court. The liberal
regime presented something less dramatic to the
imagination. It even affected modesty. Neverthe-
less, it did much for the people, negatively and
affirmatively, in spite of all which apocryphal de-
mocracy in its hatred of liberty can allege. Instead
of sporting with the blood of a people, the Revolu-
tion of July preferred the spectacle of the peaceable
majority of a free nation in the full enjoyment cnd
practice of its liberty. The glory consisted in
spreading around it its ideas rather than the smoke
of cannon. It took the lead of the public mind in
Europe, and merely by the seduction of its example,
merely by its press and its Parliaments, it drew
successively every nation 'within the system of gra-
vitation of the French people. Must we once more
repeat the testimony of a statesman of despotism P
Thanks,' he said, to the development of liberal
institutions, effected through the inspiration of
French spirit, France will have gained more by
peace than war could have given her, she will see
herself encircled by a rampart of Constitutional
States, living with her life, and acting under her
influence.'"

After enumerating the advantages in favour of
Austria, he says :

" Austria, moreover, possesses individual liberty
in its plenitude: A law of M. de Schmerling has
just proclaimed the inviolability of the citizen's
home. The Austrian father of a family may hence-
forth sleep in security. The police agent will no
longer come, like a thief in the night, break open his
door, and surprise him during his first sleep. Aus-
tria has besides liberty of the press—at least pro-
jected. This project, though bearing the trace of
mistrust,still recognises the rights of every Austrian
citizan to found a journal, on the sole condition of
making a previous declaration to the police, and
depositing as caution money a sum of 8,000 florins.
This low figure testifies to the good intention of
enlarging, rather than of limiting, the right of
discussion. In the absence of the jury, which is as
yet unknown to the Austrian code, the superior
courts of justice alone can, in case of an offence,
decide on the article incriminated, but in presence
of the public, with open doors, with complete pub-
licity of the pleadings, pending the trial and after it."
After showing the other advantages possessed by
Austria, M. Pelletan concludes thus

" We hope better, we avow, of the young man
who now tries to keep together the dislocated Aus-
trian empire. It is in his belief of the impotence
of despotism that he has granted his constitution.
Why should he desire to destroy it ? Has he, in-
deed, like Haynan, spots of blood upon his hands
which all the perfumes of Arabia cannot wash
away ? As for us, Frenchmen, whom destiny dis-
poses to modesty when liberty is in question, we
would willingly accept the chance offered to Aus-
tria as an instalment of what has been promised
to us. As good neighbours, however,
teorrylibfoerrtyFmraankcees otn,
ftrheeshDaenehucibue.est, Fthoer
the attempt of M. Schmerlin we rejoice at
g. We even see in it
awhneerwesoveicv
French people have indeed a right to claim a
portion of the paternity. Were we not the
first workmen, the first up to the task, the first

who proclaimed the new
theology of the rights
of man, and defended it with our genius and
our blood? And now that the veteran of liberty,
more or less sceptical as to his own principle,
feels the pathway with his foot, and stretches out
his hand into space, recognise by the mark on his
brow the vanquisher of the Bastile. Bestow an
()bolus on Belisarius."

TITS EX-KING OE NAPLES AND TILE
BOURBON EXILES AT 24031 E.

The folbwing is the speech of the King of
Naples in reply to the Address presented to their
Majesties', with a sword of honour for the King
and a diadem for the Queen, from the Neapolitan
nobility in exile at Rome:—

My Lords and Ladies,—My heart overflows
with the liveliest pleasure in seeing around me so
distinguished a body of the nobility of my king-
dom, come to offer to me a homage which so be-
speaks their fidelity. Braving all dangers and
sacrifices, you have preferred to share my exile
rather than remain spectators of the iniquities
which, alas ! afflict our unhappy country. If the
deplorable circumstances in which it is at present
plunged profoundly afflict my soul, yet the impos-
ing spectacle which my people offer, resisting by
all the means in their power the foreign tyranny
which oppresses them, is no light consolation to
me. From the hospitable land which has sheltered
me, I breathe a prayer of gratitude and of admira-
tion to those brave soldiers, who, deprived of all
save courage, battle on our mountains against an
enemy immeasurably superior in number and in
force; but who, nevertheless, can never succeed
in conquering them, because none can con-
quer the noble love of independence. I see,
at the same time, with a special satisfaction, that
aristocracy which you so worthily represent protest
so solemnly by its conduct against the pretended
universal suffrage, since belied by facts, and to
which Europe has never given faith.

"It is to-day a year since that nullity took place,
over which presided fraud and terror; and at the
end of a year Piedmont has gained nothing in the
land it has usurped. Anarchy, civil war, the misery
of the people, the majority of the aristocracy in
exile, and that which, not having left its country,
remains, aloof from all public employment, prove it
clearly to all Europe. The homage which you come
here to-day to offer in the name of your class, still
more emphatically attests this.

"The Queen and I shall preserve eternally en-
graved on our hearts the names of you all ; and the
sword which you offer to me I hope shall soon rise
from its scabbard in defence of our sacred rights.
If the chances of war have been one day unfavour-
able to us, when we essayed with our brave soldiers
to repulse an invasion as unexpected as it was
unworthy, I have full confidence that we shall ace
better days, and that, supported by the concourse
of my people, and surrounded by you, I shall re-
mount the throne of my ancesters to restore, like
the immortal Charles 111., for the second time, the
independence of my well-beloved people.
" Be, meantime, the interpreters of my senti-
ments and of those of the Queen towards all those
who are associated to you in this new and striking
homage of attachment and fidelity. Communicate,
I pray you, the expression of our sentiments to the
absent, who, wandering in the different kingdoms
of Europe, co-operate by their incessant efforts
towards my restoration ; and with that good feel-
ing which distinguishes you, find a way to make
known the expression of our gratitude to those who,
though abiding under the ferocious yoke of the
foreign invader, have not hesitated to inscribe their
names alongside of yours.

"Be pursuaded that our hearts can never forget
this hour and that if the Divine favour re-conduct
me one day to my throne, all my cares, and each of
my thoughts, shall be consecrated to the happiness
of my people.

IUR. STANSFELD, AND ITALIAN

UNITY.

James Stansfeld, Esq., M.P., delivered a leetnre

to a large audience last Tuesday night, in the
Mechanics' Hall, Halifax, on the Italian question.
Mr. STANSFELD, M.P., on stepping forward, was
received with great cheering. He observed that
there was a sound rule in institutions like the pre-
sent excluding party politics from the subjects of
lectures and discussions, But the Italian movement
was not a question of party politics. He was not
aware of the English party which did not desire
the freedom, the independence, and, he might add,
the unity of the Italian people. (Cheere.) He then
proceeded to say that the close of the campaign of
1848 49 left Italy with two policies open to be pur-
sued—namely, that put forth by the Republican
party for the unity of Italy, and that of monarchy
under the House of Savoy, as the kingdom of the
North. Italy was at that time bent down, but even
then it was felt that Austria had not taken up a
permanent position in the country—that she was
only, in fact, encamped there. There was a desire
for Italian unity, and the existence of a large and
active popular party—the Republican party—to
which the nation was obliged, now and for ever,
for the independence of their country. The hon.
I member next pointed out the causes which he con•
sidered led Piedmont to support the popular voice
for unity. Ono reason was that Piedmont was the
only Italian nation which was independent of
Austria, and to her the people looked for assistance.
Then the extensive emigration which took place of
the oppressed people into Piedmont constituted
another link between that kingdom and the Italy
of the fature. Then, constitutional Piedmont was
sagacious enough to see that she must embrace the
popular party or she would lose her influence.
Many Italian statesmen had all along treated the
notion of unity as a chimera. They appeared to
expect a union or federation of the nations, from
which Austria would be excluded, but they did
not see the unity of the Italians. He then spoke of
Count Cavour, and said an attempt had recently
been made to claim for him the credit of conceiving
the idea from his childhood of the unity of Italy.
He (Mr. Stansfield) and every Englishman were
interested in arriving at a just appreciation of the
services of that great man, who might years ago
have had his visions of building up the kingdom of
Italy, as he called it, but which did not, in the
phraseology of the time, mean more than a union
of the northern provinces. He (Mr. Stansfield)
asserted, from his own personal knowledge, that
there had not been a time since 1848—since
Piedmont, in fact, became a Constitutional king-
dom, and ceased to be the tool of Austria—when-
the Republican party were not ready to accept
monarchy, provided monarchy would commit its
fortunes to the unity of the country. In proof of
this he would refer to the object of the founder of
the party—a man who had been in continuous
exile, or who had visited his country at the risk of
his life—he meant Joseph Mazzini, who had long
been his friend, and whom he perhaps knew better
than any other person in England or Italy.
(Cheers.) The name of Mazzini had been made to
suggest the ideas of anarchy, civil war, disregard
of the best counsel and interests of his country, Mr.
Stansfield then proceeded to show that Mazzini's
great aim Lad been all along Italian unity. He and
his party remained absolutely true to that idea.
He it was who planned the insurrection of Sicily;
it was the same party who prepared the way for
Garibaldi's entrance into Naples ; it was this party
that furnished the bulk of the volunteers, and gave
Naples and Sicily to the new kingdom of Italy.
There were few men in England (Mr, Stansfield
said, in conclusion) who, not loving Italian unity,
sought to gratify their despotic instinct by remarks
upon the policy of Cavour, and who would like to
see nothing but the rivalries and jealousies of par-
ties and public men—but when he looked he en-
deavoured to raise himself above all such petty