The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-12 00:00:00

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them, I see no alternative, if we own the country, but to
admit them into the Union. In regard to the abolition of
slavery in the district of Columbia, I have my mind very
distinctly made up. I should be exceedingly glad to see
slavery abolished in the district of Columbia. I believe that
Congress possesses the constitutional power to abolish it.
yet as a member of Congress I should not with my present
views be in favour of endeavouring to abolish slavery in
the district of Columbia, unless it would be upon these con-
ditions : 1, that the abolition should be gradual ; 2, that it
should be on a vote of the majority of qualified voters in
in the district ; and 3, that compensation should be made
to unwilling owners. With these three conditions, I con-
fess I would be exceedingly glad to see congress abolish
slavery in the district of Columbia, and, in the language of
Henry Clay, ' sweep from our capital that foul blot upon
our nation.' " The result of ;the election was a veto of
125,275 for the republican candidates, who were pledged
to the election of Mr. Lincoln, 121,190 for the Douglas
candidates, and 5,071 for the Lecompton. candidates. .111 r.
Lincoln had thus a majority of more than 4,000 of the
popular vote over Mr. Douglas ; but the latter was elected
senator by the legislature, in which his supporters had a
majority of Bon joint ballot.—On May 16, 1860, the repub-
lican national convention met at Chicago, and on May 18
began'to ballot for a candidate for President. The whole
number of Totes was 465—necessary to a choice, 233. On
the first ballot Mr. Seward received 173 i, Mr. Lincoln 102,
Mr. Cameron 502, and Mr. Bates 48, while the rest were
scattered among several candidates. On the second ballot
Mr. Seward had 184 k, and Mr. Lincoln 181. On the third
ballot Mr. Lincoln had 354, Mr. Seward, 1101, Mr. Day ton
1, and Judge M‘Lean half a vote. The nomination of .Mr.
Lincoln was subsequently made unanimous on motion of
the chairman of the New York delegation.—New Ameri-
can Cyclopedia.

escutcheons and tablets destined to be platted on the
pedestal erected at Woolwich for the reception of the
monumental memorial in progress of execution
by Mr. Bell were yesterday placed in position. The
tablet facing the barrack field bears the following :
" Erected by their comrades to the memory of the
officers, non-commissioned officers, and men of the
Royal Regiment of Artillery, who fell in the war
with Russia in the years 1854, 1855, 1850." The
tablet fronting the north-eastern gate leading to
the barracks contains,—" In honour of the dutiful
and brave.' 'And the two sides are covered with
escutcheons bearing the arms of the corps.

mind a great portion of the knowledge so acquired,
and which probably forms the basis of future attain-
ment in different branches of education. (Hear.)
Let nobody, therefore, run igivay with the notion
that competitive examinations are not of great and
infinite value, because there are men who instruct
the candidates in those branches of knowledge
respecting, which the examinations have to take
place. Depend upon it that the boy who is
crammed, if he is criimed successfully, not only
may succeed in the mination for which he is
preparing, but is from that time forward more in-
tellectual, better informed, and more disposed to
push further the knowledge which by that cram-
ming he has acquired. (C eers.) It is also said that
fitl
you are teaching young en a great variety of
things which will be o o use to them in the
career which they are de ed to pursue, and that
you are pandering to thei anity by making them
believe they are wiser than they really are. These
objections, also, are in my opinion utterly futile.
As to vanity and conceit, those are most vain
and conceited who know the least. (Hear.) The
more a man knows, the more he acquires a convic-

LORD PALMERSJON ON COM-
PETITIVE .EXAMINATIONS.

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY EVENING.
The distribution of certificates to the successful
candidates in the recent Oxford Middle•class Exa-
minations took place this afternoon in the Carlton-
rooms. More than usual interest attached to the
proceedings from the fact of Lord Palmerston, who
is at present residing at Broadlands, having con-
sented to present the certificates to the youthful
students. The hall, the largest in Southampton,
was crowded by a brilliant assemblage of ladies and
gentlemen, while the platform was occupied by a
considerable number of the principal inhabitants of
the town and neighbourhood, including clergymen
and ministers of all denominations. The members
of the corporation, in their robes of office, were also
present. When Lord Palmerston entered the hall
he was received with loud and protracted cheering.
The MAYOR, who presided on the occasion, 'briefly
opened the proceedings. He was followed by
The Rev. W. SELLS, one of the secretaries, who
read the report of the local committee, which stated
that this year the number of candidates for exami•
nation, as well as the proportion of prizemen, was
considerably larger than last year; that though none
of the candidates attained the first class, either
senior or junior, yet out of 19 actually examined no
fewer than 14 passed ; and that all showed them-
selves interested in their work and anxious for the
advantages which the University of Oxford was so
generously affording them.
The Bishop of ROCHESTER, in moving the adop-
tion of the report, expatiated upon the importance
of the University examinations as an admirable
means, not only of raising the standard of education
throughout the country, but also of breaking down
the system of caste which had so long prevailed in
England.
The Rev. I. S. WRIGHT seconded the motion,
which was unanimously agreed to.
Lord PALMERSTON then distributed the certifi-
cates. Each of the candidates when he appeared on

20TthheAubgringstg:awftieor, .awliotnhg
hanisdThwmeifpeAafsrasinecndangeaßrusoi.tyea,l Mail Steamship Compaq's a
s c r e screw
morning,
o steamerrnTi
un
gE, Athenian,wiii tihN tGh e arrivedOF
mails,
F BONNY.
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ie ,
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tediousK i ng : . 9
Mr.Aie i
eLs
tei e
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found
and
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King
oi
nf
gt the t
ti pas-
sengersngOn the arrival of the Athenian •
arrivedthen i
aant
at
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voyage.
a ti ItghhYeee:
rtate room, dressed in an admiral's
, surrounded by secretary and clerks. He
went on board the brig,-to pay their respects
very good health, and seemed glad when
undress
more in sight of the shores of Bonny. The
ptuewiciinnaurei hstsefehoiee sirrennms
still adhered to the English style of dress—
being enveloped in an enormous crinoline, and a
" Kiss-me-quick" bonnet. She was invited on board
the Athenian to dinner, and gladly accepted the
invitation ; but towards evening, to the great
astonishment of those on board, she refused to leave
the steamer, it being, she said, " too comfortable."
After much expostulation and a great deal of
"palaver," the officers of
_the Athenian, with the
assistance of six Kroomen (for the Queen weighs
about 17 stone), succeeded in lowering her Majesty
into a boat, and sent her on board to her husband
about two a.m.

At( io
c hn
eaoe
nr
(Cheers)
t)ohuTeghheextr teetwno ta
kso
naf
ovt
whe
ra
yt a
sharp,
he
repa:shd does r
ee
awldtonot gentleman, know.
acquirea
knowledge of the immensity of his ignorance.
well-known in former times, named Mr. Harvey
Coombe. He was conversing one day with a friend,
of whose attainments he had no very high opinion,
and having made some observation, his friend said,
" 4011't ' know. " You don't
It
i am,
yW friend,
weid, ha
tle, ,nsl am u
aidw
Mrts . Harveyre Coombe, tea you what:
you, don't know woultinake a very
large book." (Cheers and laughter.) The same may
be said of the great mass of mankind ; and let no
parent be deterred from sending his son for compe-
titive examination by the notion that he would get
much beyond the titlepage of that great book.
(Cheers and laughter.) If competitive examination
is not liable to objection upon the score that it tends
to raise undue notions of superiority on the part of
those who go through it, so also it is a great mis-
take to imagine that a range of knowledge disqua-
lifies a man for the particular career and profession
to which he is destined. Nothing can be more pro-
per than that a young man, having selected a par-
ticular profession, should devote the utmost vigour of
his mind to qualify himself for it by acquiring the
knowledge which is necessary for distinction in that
line of life; but it would be a great mistake for him
to confine himself to that study alone, and you
may be sure that the more a young man
knows of a great variety of subjects, and the more
he exercises his faculties in acquiring a great range
of knowledge, the better he will perform the duties
of his particular profession. That sort of general
knowledge may be likened to the gymnastic exer-
cises to which soldiers are accustomed. It is not
,hat it can be expected that these particular move-

the platform was hailed with marks of approbation.
There were 14 in all, and to the more distinguished
of them the noble lord addressed a few words of
commendation and encouragement.
A vote of thanks to the noble lord was moved by
the Hon. and Rev. T. HARRIS, seconded by Mr.
FALVEY, and carried with acclamation.
Mr. FALVEY remarked that, though the English
people often exercised the privilege of abusing their
Prime Ministers, yet they were ready to say of
Lord Palmerston, in the words of a late eminent
statesmen, " We are all proud of him."
Lord PALMER ON then rose and said,—l beg to
return you my most grateful and heartfelt thanks
for the honour which you have done me, in the first
place in permitting me to perform a most agreeable
duty upon the present occasion ; and in the next
place, in giving mo that mark of your goodwill
and approval which you have just accorded by your
vote. My hon. and rev. friend who moved the last
resolution told you that a member or the committee
which arranged these proceedings said that who-
ever should propose thanks to me would do well to
be short, because the assembly would be more dis-
posed to do me the honour of hearing me. Although
I should be disposed as a speaker to acquiesce in
such an opinion, because in general a speaker is

The King had not landed up to the time of the
departure of the mail, and it was then uncertain
when it would be safe for him to do so. Three
out of the four Regents, who have ruled the country
during the King's absence in England, are agree-
able to his landing, and once more resuming the
government of the country, provided he be satisfied
with the cowries or revenues of the place—which
amount to about £7,000 per annum—and not trade.
Those who are against his reigning as King are
Fineipally people of his own house. Preparatibns
have been, and are-still making on ,e large for
war ; tut, as the' natives never let the wikeitkifir
know their real intentions, one crnnot positively
assert whether they will fight or not.
The white traders had applied to the senior
officers of the Bights for a gunboat to be kept in
the river until such time as King Peppel shall have
landed and been crowned King ; and also for the
protection of their ships and property.
On the Ist September a very extensive confla-
gration broke out in Bonny, and destroyed half
of the houses in the town, and a large quantity
of powder and rum. A new house, the principal
one in the town, the property of Ocho Sumbo,
was destroyed, besides several of his canoes, which
were moored alongside of his wharf. He did not
save a single article, and before he could go on board
any of the ships in the river-he was obliged to send
and borrow a shirt, which article of dress is the only
one deemed requisite to wear. Those in England
who have known Ocho in Bonny will regret to hear
of his loss, as he is a native who is very much re-
spected by all who have ever had dealings with him.
The friends of the women who went with the
King of Bonny—one as a lady in Waiting to the
Queen, the other as teacher—will no doubt be glad
to hear that they intend returning in the Bewleh,
being satisfied that Bonny is not a fit place for any
respectable white woman to live in.

TRADE ON THE COAST, &c.
Palm oil was rather plentiful on the rivers and on the
coast, but the prices still continued to keep up very high.
The health in the Bights, on the west coast, was, accord-
ing to the latest advices, very good. Strong sea breezes and
very cold weather had been experienced inßonnyßiver for
ten weeks ; in fact such as, in the memory of the oldest
traders, have never been known before.
At Sierra Leone and Bathurst (River Gambia) there had
also been a continuance of very heavy rains. At Bathurst
many cases of fever had occurred, but only two proved fatal.
The natives at Lagos and the surrounding neighbourhood
were very quiet. Her Majesty's ship Prometheus was still
inside the bar. The Buffalo was to proceed up the Niger to
render assistance to the war steamer Espoir and the explor-
ing steamship Sunbeam—both of which vessels were pre •
vented getting down the river on account of the lowness of
the waters.
Speaking of the growth of cotton on the coast, the IV cst
African Herald says—" We are certainly not doing much
towards cotton planting yet; and, in spite of some en-
couragement and earnest recommendation from parties in-
terested in the welfare of this country, we do not think
much will be done till capital comes forward. Our native
farmers who are rich enough will not engage in the cul-
tivation of a new article, for which there does not, in
fact, seem to be a demand. Why do these farmers grow
corn, yams, plantains, peppers, fruits? Why do they culti-
vate the yalm tree ? Simply because they know that their
palm oil, peppers, corn, yams, fruits, &c., find a ready and
constant sale. But what merchant asks for cotton ? Who
says to the farmer—" There are £lOO on credit for you. Go,
grow cotton and part me with it -at so much per pound."
But this is done to those who will bring palm oil, or corn,
or gold dust ; and until it is done in respect of cotton, none
will be grown—that is to say, not enough for exportation.
In the eastern district there is progress being made in the
cultivation of coffee, and we are glad to learn that the plan-
tations are doing well. Tho harvest this year has realised
our expectations, being better than usual."

ments would be of any use to them on the day o,
battle ; but these gymnastic exercises render their
muscles flexible, strengthen their limbs, invigorate
their health, and make them better able to undergo
fatigue, and to adapt themselves to all circumstances.
So with a wide range of study ; it sharpens the
wits; it infuses general knowledge into the mind;
it sets a young man thinking; it strengthens the
memory and stores it with facts; and in this lay
makes him a better and more able man in the par-
ticular profession which he is intended to pursue.
(Cheers.) It has been well said that in this happy
land there is no barrier between classes, and that
the highest positions are attainable by persons start-
ing from the most humble origin. If he has only
talent, if he has only acquirements, if he has only
perseverance and good conduct, there is nothing
within the range of the institutions of the country
to which any man may not aspire, and which any
man may not obtain. (Cheers.) 1 trust that among
those to whom it has been my good fortune this day
to give certificates there are young men who will
rise far above the position .from which they start,
(Cheers.) It is the peculiar character of this country
as distinguished from many others, that whereas in
some countries, unfortunately for them, men strive
to raise the level on which they stand by pulling
others down, in England men try to raise the level
on which they stand, not by pulling others down,
but by elevating themselves. (Cheers.) I trust,
therefore, that the number of candidates for com-
petitive examination in Southampton and and its
neighbourhood will continue to increase from year
to year. Such examinations will produce among
the rising generation a spirit of emulation, which
is one of the noblest feelings of the human heart,
and upon which depends the rising of individuals
and the prosperity and greatness of nations—
a spirit wholly distinct from that of jealousy or of
envy—a spirit which is compatible with the utmost
kindness and goodwill to those with respect to
whom the emulation is felt—a spirit which ennobles
the individual and does not lead to any unfriendly
sentiments towards others. But this system of com-
petitive examination will not only inspire that gene-
rous spirit of emulation in the minds of the rising
generation ; it must also act powerfully upon those
who are the instructors of youth—a most valuable
class of society, men upon whose exertions depends
the whole success of the nation, because, unless the
people have their minds cultivated and stored with
knowledge, it is plain that for all great purposes
they are almost as if they were not. (Hear.) I say,
then, that the system of competitive examination
tends to excite emulation among the instructors as
well as among the instructed, and that it, there-
fore, has a double effect in advancing the intellec-
tual progress of the country. Having stated the
advantages which the system of competitive exami-
nation confers upon those who are successful, I
[ I would take leave to say a word of encouragement
to those who may have failed to obtain certificates.
''
Let not these young men, and let not their parents,
think that they, the unsuccessful competitors, have
gained nothing by the struggle in which they have
engaged. Depend upon it, that although they may
not have succeeded in obtaining the distinction at
which they aimed, they have succeeded in acquir-
ing a great deal of useful knowledge ; they have suc-
ceeded in acquiring habits of mind and powers of
thought, and of application, which will bo of use to
them during the rest of their lives. You all know
the old story of the father who upon his deathbed
told his sons that he had a treasure buried in a cer-
tain field, and that if they dug the whole field
through they would find it. The sons, acting
upon his advice, dug the field, but no gold was
there. In the next year, however, there was that
wanhdichvawluaasblteo
bthaermvesta. treTansautre
for and
which the father wished them to seek
' with the unsuccessful
which they found. So it is
certificate of attainments
they sought for—namely,a cer
but they have gained a trea-
surefrom the examiners— :5 most
the abundant
treasure
habits of mind, those powers of thought, and that
l
amount of knowledge upon which a larger building
pwe thiitcohr s
t.
oTthheey In:wa vi el ni:)et found
o of
infitlhi
iet
e treasure
value—wthhiocshe
cmmaybe erected ; and they therefore will have reason
to thank their parents for having sent them to a
competitive examination, thin rendering them better
able to struggle through life in whatever career they
may choose to pursue. (Loud cheers.)
The meeting shortly afterwards separated.

more pleased to hear his own voice than to hear
that of anybody else—(a laugh)—yet I must say
that if those who spoke were always, in regard to
myself, as kind as my hon. and rev. friend has been,
and as forbearing as well as kind as the seconder
has been—who has abstained from using the British
privilege of abusing Prime Ministers—(laughter)—
and has kindly on the present occasion only availed
himself of that which, I trust, is also a British pri-
vilege—the privilege, namely, of saying something
in their praise—l can assure you that speakers so
complimentary and kind will always be more agree-
able to every man even than the hearing of his own
voice. (Cheers and laughter.) It is always most
agreeable to me to be present at a meeting of my
friends and neighbours, but it is peculiarly grati-
fying to be allowed to present myself upon such an
occasion as this. There is nothing, perhaps, more
remarkable in the progress of the country than the
advance which of late years has been made in the
diffusion and in the quality of education. The ad-
vance which England has made in population, in
wealth, in everything that constitutes in common
opinion the greatness of a country, is well known
and most extraordinary. But we should indeed
have been wanting in our duties as a nation if we
had not accompanied that progress in wealth and
population by a corresponding progress in the de-
velopment of the intellectual faculties of the people.
(Cheers.) Southampton, which equals in the rapi-
dity of its progress, both as to numbers and wealth,
almost any town in the kingdom, ought tc keep
pace, and I think has kept pace, with the progress
of the country in its intellectual development as
well as in its material prosperity. (Cheers.) It is
satisfactory to see that of those who have presented
themselves to•day to receive certificates of attain-
ment so many have distinguished themselves iii
that particular department of science which per-
haps of all others requires the closest and most per-
severing application of the faculties of the mind—
I mean in mathematical studies. (Cheers.) Consi-
dering, too, how near we are to the sea, and how
much navigation must tend to the prosperity of
Southampton, it is pleasing to see so many of the
rising generation directing their minds to the attain-
ment of distinction in mathematical science. (Hear.)
The advancement of education has for many years
past been an object of the most earnest solicitude to
almost all the public men who have risen to emi-
nence in this country. We are glad to see that the
universities have started forth in that honourable
career; and it is peculiarly gratifying to me, as a
member of the University of Cambridge, to be per-
mitted to distribute certificates arising out of exami-
nations by the sister University of Oxford. (Cheers.)
There was a time, now long gone by, when envious
critics, who wanted to run down the universities of
the land, said they might be likened to hulks
moored in a rapid current, where they served only
to mark the rapidity of the stream. That has long
since ceased to be a true representation of our uni-
versities. They have improved the course, the
object, and the direction of their studies, and they
may now fearlessly vie with the academical insti-
tutions of any country in the world. (Cheers.) Cer•
taro objections have been made to the system of
competitive examinations. Some people say it leads
to cramming. It often happens that when man,
kind seize upon a word they imagine that word to
be an argument, and go about repeating it, think-
ing they have arrived at some great and irresistible
conclusion. So, when they pronounce the word
" cramming," they think they have utterly discre-
dited the system to which that word is by them
applied. Some peopleseem to imaginewin
that the
human mind is like a bottle, and that
you
have filled it with anythingphtuytn aasn you
tmowiuna pourtsl.be
,11,0
hri
ete obu:T,.y
onfstheme againh
wa th iso
annotd
has been crammed, to use the popular word, has, in
point of fact, learned a great deal, and that learning
the
e becomes
nature
has accomplished two objects. In the first place the
boy has exercibed the faculties of his mind in being
crAn:Leaed, and in the next plAce there remains in his

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
Benin—ln port, Medea, Dorothy.
Fernando Po—H.M.S. Philomel sailed for South Coast
on the 30th August.
Camaroons—Emily, Montezuma, and Invincible.
Old Calabar—Coronet, Araminta, Tapley, Gartsherry,
St. George. Mary Hamilton sailed on the 25th August.
Brass River—Belle arrived from Gaboon Ist Sept., Lotty
Sleigh and Express.
Bonny—C. Horsfall, Sunshine (to sail in a few days),
Commodore, Faith, Elizabeth, Mary Black, Golden Age,
Mermaid, St. Andrew, Dauntless, Woodman, Bewlch (ss),
King, Eyo, Honesty.
Lagos—H.M.S. Buffalo, to sail on the 12th Sept. for the
Niger; H.M.S. Promethus, and Brune, Louisa, Asia, Com-
merce, and Providence.
Cape Coast Castle—Aguara.
Cape Palmas—Mail steamer Ethiope off on the 16th of
September.
Sierra Leone—Eliza Nelson, and Clarendon.
Bathurst--Splendid, H.M.S.S. Antelope arrived on the
25th September.
Teneriffe—Anne, of Exeter.
Madeira—Comet.

A FEDERALIST'S TEXT,—The chaplain of a
Connecticut regiment prepared, previous to the Bull Run
battle, an eloquent sermon on the text, " Manasseh is mine,"
intending to deliver it at Manassas Junction.
ADV ERTISEMEN T.l —Holloway's Pills.—The most Bene-
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taken to secure the genuine preparation to the public, that
no disappointment may be caused to all seeking health by
Holloway's Pills. Their composition and careful packing
prevent the impairment of their virtues by time, sea
voyage, or climate. They never gripe or cause any incon-
venience. In short, whatever the disease, or wherever the
sufferer, if provided with these Pills he had their acc
eel
panying panying directions, and implicitly 19110 W them, he raeY
muted of a rapid recovery,

~ ~~~~