The Sun.
London, England, 1861-02-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRU ARY 9, 1861.

the monstrous and abnormal power, if amputated,
of springing to life a living and mighty man, one
abundantly worthy of, and competent to, an inde-
, pendent life.

On the 21st of August, discussing in a letter to
Mr. FANE the subject of an United Italy, and unable
to deny the right of the inhabitants to unite if they
pleased, Lord JOHN yet fears for his pet Austria.
" It is impossible," he says, however, " not to
fear that Italy, formed into one kingdom, com-
prising Naples, Sicily, and the States of the POPE,
in addition to the present dominions of the King
of SARDINIA, might threaten the position of Aus-
tria in Venetia, and any menace of this kind might
be supported by discontent and even by insurrection
in Venice, and in the Italian towns in the province
of Venetia." He would, therefore, discourage, by
all means in his power, such a movement of an
United Italian kingdom. On the 7th of December,
he wrote again in the same strain to Lord
COWLEY, deprecating an attack on Venetia,
and almost invoking curses on the King of SAR-
DINIA if he attempted it. Then followed the
famous despatch of the 31st, which will never be
forgotten ; its lecturing, bullying tone, when the

Noble Lord found that between GARIBALDI anal
VICTOR EMMANUEL Venetia was in danger of libe-
ration, will long be remembered as perhaps the
very worst, if not the worst, escapade of our letter-
writing Lord. Nothing could explain it, but, the
Noble Lord's un-English love of Austria. It is
fair, however, to confess that Lord JOHN did
attempt, good man, to teach his cruel pet a better
way. He fancied he might give her an idea of
something better than the rule of the bastinado, the
stick, the torture, the dungeon, the bullet, and
the scaffold, in Italy; and he did set to work once
—and it was while he was at Coburg last year—to
wash the Ethiopian white, and to change the spots
of the Leopard. This gentle little homily, so
different in tone to that sent to Sardinia, though
long, we gladly give entire :
" This respite should be employed by Austria in revising
her whole system in regard to her Italian subjects. The
Austrian Government have hitherto seemed to think that
they could get rid of a truth by concealing or overlooking
it. They should now look the real state of affairs boldly in
the face. If they do so they will perceive that, where a
treaty is confirmed by national feeling and opinion, it
is easily upheld and maintained ; but where it has no
such sanction, it is like a decayed tree, that only waits for
a gust of wind to be overthrown. Thus, the treaty of
1815, which secures the independence of Switzerland,
is confirmed by tho attachment of the Swiss people to
their liberty and the integrity of their territory. Thus
the treaty of 1831, respecting Belgium, is strengthened and
sanctioned by the attachment of the people of Belgium to
their nationality, their King, and their institutions. It
may be disagreeable to Austrian statesmen to remark the
contrast which these facts present to the state of Italy, but
the lesson is a useful one. The authority of the Pope, that
of the Grand Duke of TUSCANY, and lastly, that of the King
of NAPLES, having no root in the affections of their sub-
jects, have fallen before the first blast. It is worth while
for the Austrian Government to reflect on the position of
Genoa and Venice. In 1815 one of those cities was given
to Sardinia, the other to Austria ; but while the annexation
of Venice to Austria encountered little opposition, either
from within or from without, that of Genoa to Sardinia was
strongly opposed. The ancient independence of the Genoese
Republic, the principles of public law, the violent antipathy
existing between Genoese and Piedmontese, were urged in
Liguria, and invoked in the British Parliament as conclusive
reasons against this union. But at the end of forty-five
years what do we find ? The dominion of Austria in Venetia
is precarious and unpopular, while the union of Genoa and
Turin is cemented and confirmed. If we look for the reason
of this instructive example, we shall find that, whilst the
Austrian Government has done everything to depress, to
irritate, and to humble the national feeling, the Pied-
montese Government, on the other hand, has done every.
thing to cherish, to flatter, and to exalt it."
It is followed by a passage relating to Hungary
which we willingly quote also, both will be
found in No. 138, date 29th of October :
" Something of the same policy may be observed in regard
to Hungary. The aim of Prince Schwarzenberg was to
centralise and to Germanise the Hungarian Administration.
How ill he succeeded, the debates of the Reichsrath abun-
dantly show. It would savour of the presumption of igno-
rance if the British Government were to attempt to point
out the measures by which Hungary and Venetia might be
made the strength, and not the weakness of the Austrian
Monarchy. But the most superficial observation enables
them to see that it is by contempt and disregard of national
feeling that the affections of Hungary and Venetia have

been alienated, and they naturally conclude that by regard

and respect for those national feelings a way may be found
for regaining those estranged affections. Nor would the
British Government say even this much, were they not
deeply convinced that the maintenance of the Austrian
monarchy is so bound up with European interests, and so
conducive to the continuance of European peace, that they
ought not to neglect any opportunity for urging on Aus-
trian statesmen considerations which, in their opinion,
belong to her peace, herprosperity, and even to her safety."
We have extracted thus much because it shows
that Lord JOHN RUSSELL could be, to a certain
extent, faithful to Austria, and tell her unwelcome
truths. It also shows that he knew well enough
how absolutely Austria had forfeited all moral
right to the kingdoms she so maltreated, and pre-
ferred to enslave, rather than to assimilate, as Pied-
mont did Genoa with its own good-will.
It is all the more important, at the present crisis,
that every one should understand that if Ministers
betray England in Hungary, they do it with their
eyes open to the moral wrong they are doing that
noble people. They have really but one plea, that
strange one we have already quoted from Lord
PALMERSTON—that Hungarian independence and
undeniable natural rights, are, "hostile to English

interests."
We should like to know to what interests ? We

shall be told—that it is our interest to have a
Power in the south of Europe to balance that of
Russia and of France. A Power ! Austria will
never be that again. Italy may, Hungary may.
A strong kingdom of Hungary, released from the
repressive incubus of Austria, and developing its
immense capabilities for furnishing raw produce
by free trade, would soon become a Power Russia
would not dare to meddle with again,—but Austria
is a fiction, a tradition, a legend, nothing else. She
is, as GARIBALDI says, crumbling to pieces, and let
her crumble—the earth will have one grievous
burden less. But we accept Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S
own doctrines. First we agree with him that
nations have a right to redress the wrongs they
suffer at the hands of perverse rulers. Second,
that they have a right to invoke both moral and
physical aid in their struggle. Third, that
GARIBALDI'S presence in Croatia and Hungary can
do no harm, if, as at Naples, the Government
has not weakened itself by its own atrocities. These
are Lord JOHN'S own principles—each of them
applies to Hungary—the calm document we have
shows that he knows they do—and we demand,
therefore, in the name of our country, that he
proclaim to the world the rights of Hungary.
What those rights are the admirable reply of the
moderate and venerated ,M. DEAK to the Imperial
reactionary rescript—shows most plainly. We
gave it yesterday, and need not repeat it—Lord
JOHN is fond of history—let bim, if he can, deny two
things-Ist, that the Pragmatic Sanction is the only
title of FRANCIS JOSEPH to be King of Hungary,
and that, therefore, he himself is compelled in
his haughty rescript to appeal to it. 2dly, let him
deny if he can that the eminent jurist M. DEAK has
gone beyond that agreement in one single parti-
cular. If he cannot deny these things, then, let
him, like an Englishman, tell Austria that our
country asserts the right of the Hungarians to all
their claims.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN:—
Her Majesty, the Prince Consort, her Royal Highness the
Princess A lice, and her Royal Highness the Princess
Louise, attended by Viscountess Jocelyn, Lord de Tabley,
Lord Alfred Paget, and the Hon. Colonel de Ros, honoured
the representation of Balfe's
_opsra of -Bianca with their
Presence last evening,

THE BRIDGE HOUSE ESTATEs.—Yesterday, at a
meeting of the committee of the Bridge House Estates,
composed of the aldermen and Common Councilmen of the
corporation of the City of London, Mr. Alderman Cope-
land in the chair, Henry Wellington Valance, Esq., was
elected by a large majority as chairman for the ensuing
year.

THE QUEEN'S COITNSEL.—It is reported that an
addition is about to be made to the number of Queen's
counsel, and that six learned gentlemen will be called
within the bar previous to the commencement of the spring
circuit. The gentlemen spoken of are Mr. Coleridge and
Mr. Kerslake, of the Western circuit ; Mr. Digby Sey-
mour and Mr. Mellersh, of the Northern circuit ; Mr.
Phipsson, of the Oxford circuit ; and the Hon. George
Denman, of the Home circuit. Mr. Phipson was called to
the bar in 1845 ; Mr. Mellersh in 1848, and the other
learned gentlemen in 1846.
Accounts received in Paris from Berlin state
that the greatest activity is displayed in the Prussian ar-
senals in casting rifled cannon. The workmen are employed
at night as well as by day, and pressing orders have been
sent to the proprietors of mines in Silesia to supply large
quantities of iron and steel. The Prussian Minister of
War expects to be able next spring to supply not only the
artillery of the regular army with rifled cannon, but like-
wise the landwehr. The garrison of Rastadt, as well as
those of several other of the federal fortresses, is being re-
inforced. It is further said that troops are to be stationed
in the villages on the left bank of the Rhine.
THE VOLUNTEERS AND THE WAR-OFFICE.—The
following circular has been issued to officers commanding
volunteer corps :—" War-office, Pall-mall, Jan. 29, 1861.
—Sir,—With a view to a further consideration of the cir-
cular of the 7th instant, addressed to her Majesty's lieute-
nants of counties, I am directed by Lord Herbert to request
you will have the goodness to furnish the information re-
quired by him en the enclosed form. lam to add that the
purchase by the Government of the private arms of volun-
teers will not be carried into effect until the Secretary of
State has had an opportunity of considering these returns ;
but that in future corps will, on being newly raised or aug-
mented, or requiring a renewal of their arms, be provided
with them from the Government stores.—l have, &c., T.
G. BARING."

BAPTISM OF A JEWISH LADY.—The Jewish
Herald of this month quotes the annexed letter from the
Rev. W. B. Pope, of Manchester :—" In the month of
August last, I publicly baptised Mrs. in the Wesleyan
Chapel, Charlton-cum-Hardy. Her life since her baptism
has been irreproachable, and her zeal in her Master's ser-
vice exemplary. I have no hesitation in saying that I be-
lieve her to be a genuine fruit of Evangelical labour among
the Jews."

THE PRINCE'S NEWFOUNDLAND DOG.—An ex-
tract from a letter to a person in Quebec is forwarded to
us, and is as follows :—" You remember the Prince had a
large dog presented to him by the people of Newfound-
land. When on board the ship a boy was put to look
after it. He got so fond of the boy that he would not take
notice of the Prince. The morning they came into Ply -
mouth, the Prince gave the boy £5, and took the dog out
of the ship; but as fast as they did so, the dog jumped on
board again. The Prince was at last obliged to take the
boy to London, and he stopped there five days. The Queen
gave him £l5 and a suit of clothes. He returned to Ply-
mouth, and was there but one day, when he was sent for,
because the dog would not eat."— Wiltshire Mirror.
THE ANNEXATION OF MONACO.—La Patrie
has the following :—" Site 1848 the districts of Menton
and Roquebrune, belonging to the principality of Monaco,
had been occupied by Sardinia. When the question rela-
tive to the occupation was incidentally brought before the
Congress of Paris in the sitting of the Bth of April, 1856,
it was established that in consequence of the disturbances
which broke out in the Principality in 1848, the Sovereign
Prince of that country was not capable of upholding his
authority except in the town of Monaco, and that it was
under those circumstances that Sardinia placed a small
detachment in each of the two districts we have just named.
The Prince of Monaco, however, never ceased to protest
against this state of things, which he considered contrary
to his rights and to the stipulations of treaties. These
protests are now terminated by the Convention, which
cedes the territories of Menton and Roquebrune to France
for a pecuniary indemnity, Prince Honore IV. retaining
only, with the title of Sovereign Prince, the town of
Monaco."
THE FATAL SEWER ACCIDENT.—Last night, a
few minutes before nine, the body of Ward was discovered
in the sewer near the grating entrance of Union-street,
Blackman-street. Four men are now known to have
perished by the accident.
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE OF A PANTALOON IN
NOTTINGHAM.—For the last seven weeks Mr. Leslie has
taken an active part in the successful pantomime, "The
Sleeping Beauty, as Pantaloon. On Monday evening last
on the termination of the performances, he repaired to his
dressing-room, took up a pistol, and deliberately lodged
the contents of the barrel in his face. Fortunately, the
weapon was only loaded with gunpowder, and had not the
effect contemplated by the unhappy individual. Medical
assistanse was shortly rendered, and upon examination,
it was found that he had sustained no serious injury beyond
the disfigurement of his face by wadding,—.Era.
THE NORFOLK POISONING CASE.—The inquiry
into the singular case of supposed poisoning at Diss, Nor-
folk, which was noticed in this journal a few weeks since,
was concluded on Wednesday. The jury returned the fol-
lowing verdict :—" That the deceased, Albert Aldrich, died
on the 12th January from violent vomiting and purging, with
perforation of the coats of the stomach, from some unknown
cause." The jury also requested that the following obser-
vations should be attached to the verdict: —"The jury respect
the opinion of Mr. Amyott "—the surgeon who made the
post mortem examination—" but with him consider the
term poison' so vague as to be indefinite, and regret that
the refusal of the coroner to grant an analysis has left them
in ignorance of the actual cause of death."

THE EXPLOSION AT THE ROYAL ENGINEERS'
ESTABLISHMENT AT CHATHAM.—DEATH OF ONE OF
THE SUFFERERS.—The unfortunate explosion which re-
cently occurred at the Royal Engineer establishment,
Brompton Barracks, Chatham, by which several sappers
belonging to the Royal and Indian Engineers were
seriously injured, has, we regret to say, terminated fatally
to one of the sufferers, Sapper George Smith, one of the
men most injured, having died at the Royal Engineer Hos-
pital at a late hour on Wednesday night last. Sergeant
James Douglas, who was employed in the laboratory at the
time of the accident, though fortunately not at the instant
of the explosion, has also died in the hospital of consump-
tion. The deceased was an old non-commissioned officer,
and had served with the Royal Engineers throughout the
Crimean campaign. Both men are to be interred with
military honours.
FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT AT WOOLWICH. —Last
night between the hours of 6 and 7 o'clock a serious acci-
dent, by which two persons were seriously injured and one
killed, occurred at Woolwich. It appears that a horse in a
cart, the property of Messrs. Bayly and Mewman, provi-
sion dealers, of Green's-end, was standing in the road front-
ing the premises of the firm named, when by some means
the animal took fright, and galloped through Beresford-
square, to the main entrance gate of the Royal Arsenal.
Unfortunately at least 5,000 workmen and lads were leaving
the establishment at the time, the road of course being
crowded, and numbers before they were able to escape were
knocked down and more or less injured. Two men and a
lad were run over by the vehicle, and received such in-
juries that they were conveyed to the Royal Arsenal Hos-
pital, where they received every attention from the medical
authorities, but one of the sufferers, whose ribs were broken
and who was much injured internally, expired shortly after
admission. After the accident the animal galloped for
several miles until exhausted, and was stopped near
Eltham.

A COTTON MILL BURNT DOWN IN PRESTON.—
About nine o'clock on Thursday night an alarm was given at
the fire brigade station that Mr. Hawkins's mill, in Adelphi-
street, in that town, was on fire. The hose reel imme-
diately proceeded to the spot, followed by two engines.
On their arrival the hose belonging to the factory had been
already got into play, and some hopes were entertained of
saving the building, but at half-past nine the flames had
extended to the third storey, and it soon became evident
that it was impossible to save the spinning mill from total
destruction. At 20 minutes to 10 a portion of the roof and
the floors fell in, followed in about five minutes by the re-
mainder of the roof and a portion of the walls. At five
minutes to 10 the north wall fell outwards, and the east
wall inwards. The exertions of the firemen were chiefly
devoted to the saving of the adjoining weaving shed, the
whole of the spinning mill being completely destroyed, a
very small portion of the walls only remaining. The
damage is estimated at from £20,000 to £30,000, which is
partially covered by insurance. The origin of the fire is
not known.

PROGRESS IN WEALTIL—An income-tax return
has been issued which shows what progress this kingdom
has been making within the last few years. The total
amount of income and annual value of property assessed to
the income-tax in the United Kingdom has risen from
£308,317,656 in 1854 to £335,730,254 in 1860. Tho increase
of taxable income in England in the six years has been
£26,348,685, and in Ireland, £1,701,993, but in Scotland
there has actually been a decrease of £638,080. This de-
crease has arisen solely from a very large falling off in the
returns under Schedule D—the profits of trades and pro-
fessions, &c. The income taxed under that schedule in Eng-
land rose from £76,215,936 in 1854, to £81,921,267 in 1860,
and in Ireland from £4,621,069 to £4,891,652, but in Scotland
it fell from £12,135,924 in 1354, to £8,626,141 in 1860; in
1858, after the commercial crisis at the end of 1857, it fell
£2,500,000 below the previous year, and has never re -
covered. The income assessed under Schedule A, the an-
nual value of lands, houses, &c., has risen greatly in all
three kingdoms ; in England it was £99,274,309 in 1854 and
£112,032,719 in 1860; in Scotland £11,947,791 in the for-
mer year, and £13,974 080 in the latter ; in Ireland
£11,767,810 and £12,393,829 respectively ; an increase of
almost £16,000,000 in the whole, nearly half of which is
from houses, and another quarter from an increase in the
profit of railways. A very large increase has taken place
also in Schedule B (public offices, pensions and stipends),
from £14,445,552 in 1854 to £19,636,220 in 1860. The total
income assessed to the income tax in 1860 was, in England,
£282,718,049 ; in. Scotland, £29,913,124 ; in Ireland,
£23,099,081,

LAI NEWS.

4---- --

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

PESTH, FEB. 9.

The municipality has resolved upon changing
the public school (Realschule) into a Hungarian
school, and has ordered the dismissal of those of the
elementary teachers who are not acquainted with
the Magyar language.

The directors of the German college have received
notice 'to leave the premises belonging to the muni-
cipality.

FIUME, FEB. 9.

The Obergespann has issued a proclamation
against such demonstrations and violent popular
proceedings as have taken place within the last few
days.

• ROME, FEE. 8.
The official Giornale di Bo?nu publishes the
following telegram, dated Gaeta, Feb. 6 :
On Tuesday last, a bomb thrown by the Sar-
dinians blew up a powder magazine which had
been provisionally established for the use of two
cannons.

The explosion caused the fall of several walls of
the third interior enciente.
Two men were killed.
The damage, which was trifling, is being re-
paired.
The fire of the Sardinians is rather brisk.

During the night of Monday last a mysterious
encounter took place between two steamers off
Gaeta.

An address from the ladies of Bavaria has been
received by the young Queen.

VIENNA, FEB. 8.

The official Wiener Zeitung gives a denial to the
report that differences of opinion on questions of
principle prevail in the Ministry.

PARIS, FEB. 8.

The news contained in the telegrams received
here to-day from Constantinople, dated Feb. 7,
announcing that France had addressed a note to
the Porte in reference to the mission of the Grand
Vizier, has been denied in official quarters,