The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, 1859.

(TARTER, Mayor.—A Common Council holden
N.--) at the Mansion-house of the Lord Mayor of the City
of London, on Thursday, the 17th day of November, 1859,
Resolved unanimously,—That the cordial thanks of this
Court be presented to the Right Honourable David Williams
Wire, late Lord Mayor of this City,. for the able manner in
which he has discharged the duties of that high and distin-
guished office during the past year ; for the great efficiency
with which he has performed his magisterial functions ; for
his punctuality in attending the meetings of this Court, and
his ability in presiding over its deliberations ; for the coun-
tenance and support which he has given to the various cha-
rities of this metropolis, and for the kindness and urbanity
he has shown to every class of his fellow-citizens, by which
he has gained their approval and won their esteem. And this
Court cannot but express its ardent hope, that in his retire-
ment from office he may regain his health, and be long spared
to serve his fellow-citizens by maintaining the privileges and
extending the usefulness of their municipal institutions.
WOODTIIORPE.
•

ETROPOLITAN, COUNTIES, AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
27, Regent-street, Waterloo-place, London, S.W.
Life Assurance, Annuities, and Endowments.
Loans on real and personal security.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager.

THORLEY'S FOOD FOR CATTLE.—Every
person having an interest in domestic or farm animals
should obtain a supply of this celebrated and economical
food, which will prove invaluable during the approaching
season. For keeping horses in good condition it is unequal-
led. Pigs fatten with surprising rapidity upon it, and their
flesh increases in flavour and value. Cowkeepers will find
great advantag-e in the increased quantity and improved qua-
lity of the milk during its use. All animals are benefited by
It. A pamphlet on this interesting subject, accompanied by
Testimonials from the principal Nobility, Gentry, and Agri-
mlturists, forwarded on application. In casks containing
148 feeds (measures enclosed), price 505., carriage paid to any
Railway Station in the United Kingdom. Post-office orders
ptyable to Joseph Thorley, 77, Newgate-street, London.
N.B.—The public are e,augoned against being imposed upon
by worthless imitations.

panics from Beckenham to the London-bridge terminus of
the Brighton, Railway, and to the Victoria station at Pimlico.
" That a portion of your memorialiits' line is already
open and at work, and the residue, which is in rapid pro-
gress, will be completed next year. -
" That Parliament has already decided that your peti-
tioners are to have independent access to the east and west
ends of the metropolis, but the only lines over which such
access can now be afforded are insufficient for their existing
traffic ; and your memorialists, in anticipation of the speedy
completion of their lino between Beckenham and Dover,
have determined to apply to Parliament for authority to
extend their line from Beckenham through Penge, Syden-
ham, Norwood, Dulwich, Brixton, Horne-hill,Denmark-
hill,•Camberwell, Wahvorth, and Newington, crossing the
river below Blackfriars-bridge, passing at the back of the
east side of Bridge-street, crossing the foot of Ludgate-hill
by a screened viaduct to a terminus on the east side of
Farringdon-street, communicating by junction lines with
the metropolitan terminus in Victoria-street and with
Smithfield.
" That the proposed extensions also comprise communi-
cations in a direct line from Beckenham with the ,Brighton
and South-Eastern Railways at Sydenham, the South •
Western Railway at Battersea-and the Victoria station at
Pimlico.
." That plans and sections of the proposed extensions are
now in course of preparation, and will be deposited, and a
bill introduced next session.

a That the advantages of the lino to the public in reliev-
ing the bridges and their approaches from omnibus, goods,
and other traffic, as well as affording the most direct and
perfect communication between the whole system of rail-
ways north and south of London, will be apparent from
the course of the lines as above described, and an exami-
nation of the map and drawing of the proposed station in
Farringdon-street which accompany this memorial.
" That your memorialists do not "seek any pecuniary as-
sistance from the Corporation of London, but pray your
hon. Court will refer the subject matter of this me-
morial to the committee, to inquire and report as to the
proposed undertaking with regard to the interests of the
citizens of London, and that if it should be approved your
hon. Court will give it the weight of your influential sup-
port and sanction, and Its reThrence to a committee to treat
for the purchase or rental of the site on which the Fleet
Prison formerly stood, or of other vacant ground in that
locality, belonging to the Corporation, which may be re
quired for the purpose of the undertaking.
"And your memorialists will ever pray, &c."
This memorial having been read by the Town
Clerk, several of the directors of the ccmpany ap-
peared at the bar, and, in reply to various ques-
tions, said that the present capital of the company
was £2,000,000, and that the extra capital re-
quired for carrying out the additional works now
contemplated was £1,500,000, which they antici-
pated no difficulty in raising; that the railway
would cross the river about 150 feet from, Black-
friars-bridge; that it would cross Ludgate-hill by
a viaduct; that the station would be on the east
side of Farringdon-street, with an entrance from
each end of that street; and that the company were
acting in perfect unison with the Metropolitan Rail-
way Company, with whom they would cooperate in
supplying London with the best possible central
railway station, as well as in improving the neigh-
bourhood generally—as, for instance, by bringing
out Seacoal-lane on to Ludgate-hill—and that the
railway would join the Metropolitan Railway, by
a tunnel carried under Skinner-street.

Mr. VALLANCE said he presented this memorial
at the instanee of several of his constituents, from
whom he learnt that the directors of the com-
pany were persons of the highest respectability,
fully competent to carry out the proposed
undertaking, if it received the approval of the
Corporation and the sanction of Parliament. (Hear,
heir.) Their railway had been already constructed
over a considerable portion of the line, and would
be speedily completed over the entire length from
Dover to the Victoria station at Westminster. The
present proposal was to make a branch line over
the Thames to a station in Farringdon-street, and
to connect it by means of the Metropolitan with the
Great Western, the Great Northern, and the North
London Railways for the intercommunication of
through passengers by day, and merchandise and
market goods by night, between the suburban and
provincial railway systems north and south of the
Thames. He had no connection whatever with the
memorialists ; he asked only to have the memorial
referred to a committee for examination, and should
hold himself free to give it his support or opposition
when the report came up to the Court, as the cir-
cumstances might seem to require. It might, per-
Imps, be remarked that he was one of the original
promoters of the Metropolitan Railway—(hear)—
which would be indirectly benefitted by the union
with this line. He was almost ashamed of antici-
pating-such an illiberal mild
.unworthy insinuation
as affording any ground for opposing the prayer of
this memorial; but such insinuations were some-
times made against members of the Court and mem-
bers of his own or other professions. Men who de-
served or feared such imputations ought not to have
a seat in that Court. (Cheers.) For his own part
he should never, in the discharge of his duty to his
constituents, be deterred from doing what was right
for fear of an insinuation, that he intended to do
what was wrong. The city of London wanting the
facilities which railways afforded, the street traffic
was likely to be brought to a dead lock by the con-
fluence of railway vans and omnibuses which were
employed in conveying passengers and goods to
and from the numerous stations with which
its narrow and irregular streets were sur-
rounded on all sides. in deference to the declared
will of Parliament and the Press—to which
even the chairman of the Markets' I nprovement
Committee had been obliged to bow—the 'Cor-
poration had expended nearly half a million of
money in transferring the cattle-market from Smith-
field to Copenhagen-fields in the northern extre-
mity of London, notwithstanding which some of
the leading thoroughfares of the city were as much
encumbered as ever by the transit of cattle and
sheep to and from the market. Tens of thousands
of horned cattle and sheep annually passed over
Black friars-bridge from the great grazing districts
south of London, and were taken to the metropoli-
tan market, where several thousands were pur-
chased by contractors and country butchers, and
driven in herds through the city and over the
bridges to the railway stations south of the Thames.
The project embraced in this memorial, it was true,
proposed the construction of a railway bridge
only to communicate with its own particular
railway; but when before the committee it
would be open for cousideration whether a commu-
nication with the other southern lines might not
be combined withEit, as well as a road for carriage
and foot passengers. The Seine was crossed near
Paris by a railway and carriage-road on the same
level, side by side. At Newcastle,
a magnificent
structure crossed, the Tyne with a carriage-road
under one of the greatest trunk railways in the
kingdom ; and at Londonderry, in Ireland, a hand-
some iron bridge was now in the course of construc-
tion to carry the railway under the carriage-road
over the Foyle, which was wider and deeper than
the Thames at the spot where the memorialists pro-
posed to pass over the Thames. (Hear.) Referring
to the city of Derry, he could not refrain from mak-
ing a single observation showing the advantages
both in point of economy and utility
which might
be obtained by combining different important ob-
jects in one great and comprehensive scheme of
public improvement. He had recently visited Derry
as one of the deputation. of the Irish Society, and
he found vast improvements were being made by
the combined action of the Corporation and the Port
and Harbour Commissioners, in co-operation with
the Irish Society. The society had made a free
grant of the soil and shores of the river required
for quays, railways, and grairing-docks, and had
contributed an annual sum for a given number of
years to aid these various undertakings, which were
now progressing with great rapidity, and had al-
ready given such a stimulus to the commerce of the
port that, as he understood, the revenue of the
undertaking thus partially executed would enable
the spirited promoters to carry it entirely into
execution. (Hear, hear.) Although the construc-
tion of the bridge had not been directly aided
by the; society, it was the increasing prosperity
of the city and port that had induced the Com-
missioners to commence the work which had
been for several years in contemplation. Such
had keen the-improvement whith had of late years
taken place in economising the cost of such struc-
tures, that the contract for the bridge now being
built to accommodate carriage and railway traffic
had been undertaken by afirm of first-ratecharacter,
with ample security for its completion, for £54,000
—a sum deemed insufficient only a few years since
for the construction of an ordinary bridge for
carriages only. I had been said that in this
age of progress it was not a matter of rare occur-
rence for children to presume to give instruction to
their parents. It would be worthy of observation
if the city of London, after two centuries of con-
nexion with the city of Londonderry, should have
to be thus taught how to effect such an important
imprevement in its means of intercommunication
as a double bridge over the river would afford.
(Cheers.)
Mr. VALLANCE then moved a reference of the
memorial to the Improvement Committee to report
thereon, after conferring with the City Lands, the
Bridge House Estates, and the Markets improve-
ment Committee, in respect to the several matters
under their control.
Mr. Deputy HARRI:ON seconded the motion, re-
marking that the plan now proposed to be carried
out was a part of the scheme long ago recommended
by eminent railway engineers, as being essential to
perfect_the railway communication of the city; and

that it was to him personally a matter of congratu-
lation that he might aid in introducing a second
railway terminus into ti e city.
The motion was then agreed to.
Mr. CONNELL said he some time ago presented a
memorial from Mr. Bell with reference to a pro-
jected railway by the Regent's Canal. That me-
morial was referred to the Improvement Committee,
but nothing was heard of it since. He wished
therefore to ask the chairman of the committee
what had been done in it ?
Mr. Deputy BOWER said that, as the committee
upon inquiry found the scheme would not at all
touch upon property belonging to the Corporation,
they had as yet taken no action in the matter.
The Court then adjourned.

LORD •SHA FTESB URY AND THE JO UR-

NEYMIEN BAILERS MOVEMENT.

Yesterday a deputation from the London Journey-
men Bakers' Association, consisting of Messrs.
Blackmore (president.), Bennett (secretary), Hat-
field, Thompson, Hare, Pidgeon, Ward, Rose,
Hill, and Mr. Lilwall, the secretary to the Early
Closing Association,
.waited on the Earl of Shaftes-
bury at his residence. in Grosvenor-square, for the
purpose of soliciting his aid and co-operation in
promoting the objects of the movement now in
course of agitation amongst the journeymen bakers.
Mr. LILWALL, in introducing the deputation,
said he did not know of any class of men who suf-
fered so much as the journeymen bakers, and the
object of the deputation was to lay before his lord- '
ship a plain statement of the hardships and mise-
ries they underwent.
His LORDSIIIP said he believed the object of the
deputation to be to propose a remedy for the pre-
sent state of things.
Mr. BENNETT then made the following state-
ment :—Thiet the-grievances of which the journey-
men bakers had to complain were that they were
compelled to work an unlimited length of time for
a fixed remuneration, and their working hours were
in many instances 18 to 20 per day, and in many
shops towards the end of the year the men com-
menced work at eight o'clock on Thursday night
and continued until ten and eleven o'clock on the
Saturday evening. Their work on the Sunday de-
pended upon the will or caprice of the masters, and
on that day they were employed in much unneces-
sary labour, and many employers, if they were sold
out on the Saturday would compel the men to make
bread in defiance of the statute prohibiting the
making of bread on the Sabbath ; they were com-
pelled to lodge in the houses of, their employers,
and their sleeping-rooms wore invariably in the
bakehouses. He instanced a case in which six men
were obliged to take their turn in sleeping, as there
MwasarroiellYcl'monene bedwer
comforts and domestic intercourse with their eprdoevniideeadtfhoerptrliiNoilwehgeoleef ofal
eemme.
fami-
lies. They might manage to get home for three or
four hours in the evening, but as they must return
to their employment by eleven o'clock, they had no
time to fulfil the obligations devolving upon
them as heads of families in the guidance and in-
struction of their children ; they were also pre-
vented from fulfilling the ordinances of religious
worship, their attendance at their work prevent-
ing them being present at the morning service, and
the over-exhaustion consequent upon their unna-
turally protracted toil rendering it necessary Ito
spend the few hours they had in recruiting their
exhausted frames with sleep. He spoke advisedly
when he said there were not 10 journeymen bakers
in 100 who ever attended Divine worship, and a
very considerable proportion had not done so for
years. It was useless for them, as individuals, to
offer any resistance to the demands of the masters,
who could compel them to perform any amount of
labour they saw fit to exact, as their immediate
dismissal would be the result of their non-com-
pliance; and as the masters would say they refused
to perform their duties, it would be impossible for
them to obtain employment elsewhere. The con-
sequences were that they were forced to submit
without a murmur to things at which all that was
noble in their natures revolted. The homes pro-
vided for them being of such a character had a
tendency to make them prefer the public-house,
and the exhausting nature of their toil bigot a
desire for alcoholic stimulants, and it could not be
denied that maq of the teen did fly to them. They
had attended numerous meetings of the employers,
who, with some exceptions, began to see the neces-
sity of a change. They were anxious to consult
his lordship as to what he considered the most
effective means for obtaining redress of their griev-
ances, which they proposed to effect by moral
suasion and the force of public opinion. Some of
the employers wished them to strike, but they wore
opposed to this plan, believing the result of a strike
would be most disastrous.
Lord SHAFTESBURY, in reply, stated he thought
they had done wisely in rejecting the idea of
a' strike, which they must not think of. Work-
men were no doubt jutified in combining in
order to dispose of their labour as profitably
as possible, but he deprecated the exercise of ,
that right in so extreme a measure as a strike.
Strikes always fell before capital when the em-
ployers were combined, although they might
succeed when directed against a single etn•
ployer. His lordship having asked several questions
bearing upon the old and proposed new system,
then proceeded to say there were only two ways of
dealing with their grievances. One was by a
strike, which they must not attempt or mention-
again; and the other by applying to the Legisla-
ture for an act, which he should not advise them to
do until they had exhausted every other means.
They should keep their cause before the public.
He would recommend them to call a public meeting
at. Exeter Ball, to which the masters should be in-
vited, so that the case might be fairly laid before
the public. He called on the men, in discussing
their grievances, not to mix them up with matters
of a political nature, as was the case in some measure
with the builders. They had enormous grievances to
redress, but not require either a strike or an act
of Parliament. He suggested that they should ask
for one thing at a time—say the abolition of night
work.

In reply to his lordship,
Mr. BLACKMORE here stated that the system
now in use had been 100 years in growing up.
The deputation suggested that the proposed
meeting should bo held in March.
His Lordship replied, March would be too late,
as this country might then be involved in a NV ar
with France. When it was held, he had no doubt
ho should be able to take the chair.
Having thanked his lardship, the deputation then
retired.

TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BETTVEEN
.RUSSIA AIVD THE UNITED STATE.

Mr. Collins, the United States commercial agent in
the Amoor, has projected an overland telegraphic
communication between Russia and the United
States through Northern Europe, Asia, and America,
by connecting Moscow with St. Louis, in Missouri,
via Behring's Straits. The length of the telegraph
wires would be 14,000 miles, with only 40 miles of
submarine cable. The distances of the intervening
points between the termini are as follows, viz.:—
From Moscow to the mouth of the Amoor, 7,000 ;
to Behrisig's Straits, 2,500 piles ; across the Straits
40 mil( s ; to San Francisco, 2,500 ; and to St
Louis, 2,000 miles. The only countries through
which the telegraph would pass would be Russia,
British America, and the United States. From
Moscow to the mouth of the Amoor the cost of the
line is estimated at £2O per mile, to Behring's
Straits £3O per mile, across the Straits (submarine),
£lOO per mile, to San Francisco £5O per mile, and
to St. Louis £4O per mile. The total cost £500,000.
One thousand men would be required to maintain
the line at an expense of £60,000 a year, and 100
stations on the line would cost £20,000 a year.
These sums, with the interest on the capital at 7
per cent., with contingencies, would involve an
annual expenditure of £135,000. 200 ten-word
Messaps every week day for the European and
American press, at a dollar a word, would yield
£125,000 a year. Business news going east and
west, including Chinese and Japanese news, would,
it is believed, yield £50,000 a year, so that the
telegraph line would produce an annual income of
£175,000 a year. The wires would be within a
week's reach by steam of China and Japan. The
line would pass through Siberia, where there is a
population of 8,000,000, with an annual foreign
commerce of £10,000,000, and through Tartary,
where there is, including Mongolia and Manchooria,
a population of 50,000,000. It may be mentioned
that the Russian Government have already com-
menced stretching a telegraphic wire from Moscow
to the Amoor, which will of course pass by the
Chinese frontier ; and when it is completed to the
Gulf of Tartary, it will doubtless not be long
before submarine cables aro laid across the seas of
Ochotsk and Kamschatka to the Russian posses-
sions of North America. Already the land tele-
graph in the United States has extended from the
Atlantic to Aitcheson in Missouri, and has com-
menced from the Pacific side to Salt Lake City.
The distance between the latter and Aitcheson is
only 1,000 miles.