The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-16 00:00:00

THE 'REIN„ LONDON. TUESDAY EVENING; JULY 16, 1861

less than a formal Bill of Indictment against the

three great Robber Despotisms, by whose most
infamous conspiracy Poland was murdered and dis-
membered. This document is issued in the form of
"An Address to the Nation by the Inhabitants
of Warsaw." Its preamble is remarkable. " Russia,
Austria and Prussia," says the opening paragraph,

" by their strength united in an unhallowed league,
deprived Poland in 1791 of her political existence.
These three Powers that divided our native land as
a prey between them, still reign over us; dismem-
bered Poland is in the hands of foreign foes who,
though shades of difference be discernible in their
conduct towards us, pursue as their common object
the consummation of our national death. Our
enemies sow seeds of discord amongst us, they
foment divisions between landowners and tenants,
they villify the Jews so as to draw on them the
contempt of Christians, they endeavour to create
hatred between the Poles and Ruthenes, though
we are all children of the same soil—all Poles, all
brothers. They endeavour to make us forget our
mother tongue, and in order to render it less fami-
liar to us, they prescribe the German ana Russian in
our schools. Dreading the light of science they
falsify and mutilate history, they throw obstacles
in our way in the pursuit of knowledge, they have
suppressed all our national universities, all our
high schools ; they do not even allow us to found
poor schools that are not wholly on the Government
system and under Government control." After a
great deal has been remarked in a similar strain,
the Address then adds thus solemnly—" IT the
name of Poland, and for the love of Polish rights
and liberties, we, the inhabitants of Warsaw,
still covered with blood, our wounds still
fresh and gaping, address this appeal to
all our fellow-countrymen, exhorting them
to mutual confidence, love, and union. The
peasants form the most numerous class in our
country. If they enjoy the rights of landowners,
national ideas and national enterprise will have
a larger scope of action ; the organisation of the
country, resting on a broader foundation, will
acquire more strength, for the whole nation will be
interested in its development. Let the gentry
then endeavour to raise the peasantry to a proper
level; let them show themselves experienced guides
and affectionate brothers." In all the recommen-
dations addressed to the Poles by the inhabitants
of Warsaw there is nothing of a revolutionary or
inflammatory kind—notwithstanding all their late
terrible provocations. The long suffering of Poland
in truth is almost as amazing as its constancy.
Both, let us rest assured of this, will, in the full-
ness of time, meet with their reward in the re-
vival of the Polish Nationality. A Kingdom of
Poland for the Poles the world will yet see, as
surely as it now sees a Kingdom of Italy secured
to the Italians.

The American papers and correspondents busy
themselves of course in discussing the plans to be
adopted by Congress, but they are only of use as
shewing the resources of the country in regard to
taxation. All seem to agree that tea, coffee, and
perhaps tobacco and sugar, or rather their con-
sumers, must be made to bear the burden of the war.
A tax of one per cent. on property would realise
about £14,000,000 ; but it seems to be the general
opinion. that direct taxation, which must be sub-
mitted to if the war continues, will not be proposed
in the first instance. It is supposed that they
will at first be content with six or
seven millions, which may be raised on
the above-mentioned articles, and that they will
endeavour to raise about £25,000,000 by customs
and excise before they resort to direct taxation.
These are the views which seem to be popular, and
in America the popular will must of course he fol-
lowed. On nothing ought it to be followed more
than in the way in which the people propose to
raise funds. It is for the Government to show
them what is wanted ; it is for them to say in what
way they will meet the demand. It looks well
that at present taxation seems to be preferred to
loans: If the war lasts we hope the country will
still have virtue to avoid burdening posterity with
the cost of this generation's quarrels.
The impatience for military action is very great
—so much so that General SCOTT is accused by
some of being more of a Virginian than an American.
It may be disastrous, should he be driven by popu-
lar clamour to act before he is fairly prepared for it.
The Southerners have to a certainty erected many
strong defences, the cannon which they were so
absurdly allowed to find in such plenty in Norfolk
Navy Yard affording an ample supply for that
purpose. The General has by no means too many
forces around Washington, if he ought to guard
against any possible sudden bold move of the Con-
federates against Washington, and from all that we
see his disciplined troops are hardly sufficient yet
for any decided success, such as ought to attend a
first move.

From some accounts, too, which may be relied
on, his commissariat is yet in very imperfect order.
He is said to demand at least a thousand more
waggons, and contractors in America do not seem
superior to their class in other countries. An
American writer himself says :—" Some reports
represent their forces as demoralised, and utterly
unfit for fighting, especially the Pennsylva-
nians; but I do not give them full credit, though
it is true that the Pennsylvania troops have been
most shamefully swindled by the contractors, hay-

ing received bad clothing, worse food, and the worst
of arms. The genius of roguery is indeed rampant
just now, and Government is cheated in a style
that would astound the most accomplished plun-
derers in Europe. What do you think of a regi-
ment being in rags—literally in rags, and no
metaphor—in 10 days after it had marched from
home, and without having seen a single hour's
active service ? Such has been the fate of the Ist
Massachusetts Regiment. It left Boston for Wash-
ington 17 days since, and for a week or more it has
been ragged enough to excite the envy of all the
scarecrows in the district of Columbia. The men
will not parade except in their great-coats, and
those covers of the sins of the contracting tailors

are rapidly catching the disease of ragged-
ness from so very close association with the lesser
habiliments of the poor fellows. Massachusetts
sets herself up so stiffly as the model of all excel-
lence, that ill-natured people aro not sorry at this
opportunity having occurred to hit her hard, and
to teach her charity. Others of her regiments
have fared badly, though even they would
not be seen going through Coventry with the Ist."
While things are in this state General SCOTT cer-
tainly cannot move far into an enemy's territory.

It is stated that Lord J. Russell upon the creation
of his peerage will also be appointed a Knight of the
Garter.—Times.
REPRESENTATION' OF TIIE CITY OF LONDON.
The announcement that Lord John 'Russell is to be raised
to the peerage has caused some excitement in the City.
Among the conservative party yesterday morning there was
a strong desire to secure the services of Mr. Thomas Baring,
at present M.P. for Huntingdon. The Lord Mayor is also
spoken of as a possible candidate on the conservative side.
On the liberal side Mr. Itaikes Currie and Sir J. Stuart
Wortley, formerly Recorder of London, are spoken of.
THE GREAT GLOBE.—Yesterday the Great Globe,
erected by permission of Government in the enclosure,
Leicester-square, by Mr. Wyld, M.P., during the Great
Exhibition of 1851, was finally closed. The building is
forthwith to be pulled down, and the ground cleared. The
statue of George I. is built into the centre of the building.
It is proposed to have ornamental fountains in the square.