The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-12 00:00:00

FRANCE.

A Paris letter in the lndependanee says :—" A
rumour has been current that the Count de Casa-
bianca had intended to propose an amendment on
the occasion of the discussion of the Senatus-
Consultum on the right of amendment itself. In
consequence of its having been explained to him
that his initsative, under the circumstances, would
be inopportune, the hon. Senator intends to make
his ideas the object of a special proposition. The
building of gunboats has been suspended in the
French navrl yards as a measure of economy, but
this suppression does not extend to iron-cased
frigates."
BOURSE, Dec. 11.—The amount of business con-
tinues confined within very narrow limits, specu-
lators being evidently averse to entering on any
considerable operations until the receipt of the next
advices from America. In the meantime prices are
well maintained. Threes, for the Account, being
now at 67f 65c. Railways quiet, but pretty firm.
The following are the last quotations :

41 per per Cents ... 95 10 Credit Foncier l2OO
Do. end month.... 95 25' Belgian 4f —
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 75' Roman
Bank Shares 2960 I Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 737 50 Spanish Threes 49 25
Do. Account 740 ; Home Debt .. —

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Account.
Orleans l3OO .. 1302 50
Northern
New ditto 9lO
Lyons and Mediterranean 1008 75 .. 1010
Geneva .. 350 .. 352 50
Southern 670 672 50
Western
Eastern
Sardinian 342 50 .. 345
Austrian
Lombard

POLAND.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

WARSAW, DEC. 3.

M. Hube, the acting head of the Department of
Religion, has addressed a long letter to the Chapter,
in answer to the one of which I gave you a summary
in my last. The Government will not yield an inch
of ground, and totally refuses to accept the dilemma
to which the clergy had reduced the question. The
following are the chief of the arguments adduced by
M. Hube in support of his view of the case :-
1. The law of the country, and the Concordat of
1847, forbid the appointment of Church dignitaries
of any rank unless with the sanction of the Govern-
ment.

2. All elections, appointments, or presentations,
no matter by whom performed, or for what office,
are therefore only so far valid and capable of being
brought to effect as the Government has given its
sanction.

____ ..._.
3. In all cases where this sanction on the part of
the Government is Wanting, all elections, appoint-

ments, or presentations, being without this validity
required by law, and therefore invalid, fall to the
ground.
4. The Chapter, according to Art. 17 of the Con-
cordat, has not even the right of election without
the sanction of the Government; this election,
therefore, not having been thus sanctioned, would
have been null and void even if the Rev. Mr. Bial-
obizski had not been appointed.
5. In this state of things, there is no necessity
either to require of the Rev. Mr. Bialobizski his re•
signation of an appointment, his election to which
has no validity, meaning, or existence, nor does the
Chapter therefore require any authorisation from
the Holy See to proceed to a new election. It is on
the contrary its duty to proceed to an election
which shall be valid according to the law above
stated, in the place of one which has no validity or
existence.

This reasoning is sound, and the conclusions may
be admitted if the premises are correct. I will not
enter here into the subtleties of a discussion on
points of law ; suffice it to say that I have good rea-
son to believe that M. Hube's interpretation of the
law and the so-called Concordat, which, it appears,
is not a Concordat at all, but merely a preliminary
to what was to have been a Concordat, is false and
untenable. The clergy are preparing an answer,
which, it is said, will prove this in a convincing
manner. At any rate we have now a pretty clear
and definite statement of the claims of the Govern-
ment in religious matters in Poland ; they have de-
termined to carry it with a high hand over the
clergy, and to have entirely abandoned their former
policy of conciliation. The Rev. Mr. Bialobizski is
treated in the most barbarous manner in his dun-
geon in the citadel, and this, combined with his
great age, inspires grave fears as to his health,
which has already become considerably impaired
since his confinement. He is now on trial before
the military tribunal for an offence as impor-
tant in its consequences as it is novel ; the
closing of the churches of the country. That his
sentence will be a severe °flak undoubted; giberia,
and even death, have been spoken of as probable

contingencies.
The funeral of the Suffragan Bishop of Warsaw,
the venerable and much lamented author of the last
letter of the Chapter to the Government, to which
that above alluded to is an answer, was a failure, in
consequence of the interference of the Government,
which would not permit anyone to join the proces-
sion unless provided with a ticket from the police.
Not more than 150 people attended, among whom
were a great number of women and one or two
Government employes.
The acceptance by the Czar of Marquis Wielo-
polski's resignation has been the subject of much
talk among the people hero. For some time, in-
deed ever since the proclamation of the state of
siege, which came on the Poles like a thunder-
bolt, after a long season of treacherously calm
weather, there have been signs that the policy of
the Government had altered, and that violence and
lawless outrage were to succeed soft speeches and
delusive reforms. The only advocate of modera-
tion left was Marquis Wielopolski. For a short
time it was supposed that to him would be given
the task of restoring Poland to quietness, and recon-
ciling it to its Government. People said that he
had been called to St. Petersburg as the object of
the peculiar favour of the Czar, who looked upon
him as the only man in the Government at Warsaw
who during the late events had not lost his head.
The long interviews he had with the Czar, the flat-
tering manner in which he was received by him,
the laudatory terms in which the Czar spoke of
him, all appeared to point to the appointment of
Wielopolski to the Viceroyalty of Poland. His
fall was as unexpected as it was sudden, and cer-
tainly seems to show that the only rule which
Russia will henceforth allow in Poland is that
of fire and sword.
General Luders has already had enough of the
Viceroyalty. It is said that ho will abandon his
thorny post very shortly, and be succeeded by
General Bezak. No wonder that this situation so
often changes hands : to be the tool of the authori-
ties at St. Petersburg, and the object of envy
among the ministers and dislike among the people
at Warsaw, is a position which to no man can be
long endurable. The policy of severity and law-
lessness now adopted will throw additional odium

on the Viceroy, whoever he may be ; and it will be
a daring and cynical mind that does not shrink
from the prospect of the disgrace and universal
hatred which will surely fail on the occupier of the
post. Our present viceroy certainly does not sin
by doing anything on his own account. He has
authority direct from St. Petersburg for every one
of his actions, and these are confined to orders,
most of ewhich testify to his excessive prudence,
Private houses are being daily searched by the sol-
diers for muskets, ammunition, and numbers of
other impossible articles ; and these gallant warriors,
if they do not find what they look for, at least
carry away something valuable as a memento of
their presence. Preparations are being made on
a grand scale for new arrests and new deportations.
Eighteen towns have been directed to find funds
for the erection of prisons for women; and 2,000
travelling cloaks have been ordered, no doubt for
future travellers to Siberia. The military tribunal
of Warsaw has its hands full at this moment.
Eight hundred persons are now under trial before
it, and it only manages with extreme difficulty to
keep down the occupants of the citadel and other
prisons to the proper number by sending them to
Siberia and the army.

The 29th November, the anniversary of the
Polish revolution, passed away in complete silence.
Addresses had been circulated among the people
during the preceding week, recommending them
to abstain from any manifestation in the streets on
that day, which might give a pretext to the sol-
diery for another massacre. The advice was, as it
turned out, a good one. On the 29th the streets
and squares were even more crowded with
troops than usual, and mounted Cossacks moved
about ready to charge on the slightest sign of an
unusually large concourse of people. The only
demonstration, however, was one which even the
police and soldiery could not find fault with—
the streets of the town were almost deserted, and
the day was passed by the inhabitants in their
houses in prayer and fasting, the money saved by
their abstinence from food being devoted to chari-
table and national purposes. This, indeed, is, under
present circumstances, the only demonstration pos-
sible, for there is no doubt that the slightest at-
tempt at anything more public would be crushed
by the Government at once, without mercy or
scruple. General Luders, who derives all his in-
spiration from St. Petersburg, actually said publicly
that " the Poles must be worried, everything must
be done to vex them, and the process of crushing
them must never be allowed to cease, even for a
moment"—a characteristic instance of the unblush-
ing audacity with which Russia boasts of her un-
scrupulousness in obtaining her ends.
The anarchy in the provinces has come out in a
new form at Plock. Two Russians (Ponomaren
and Raznow) are wrangling in that city about the
Governorship. Each of them says he is the Go-
vernor. One holds his appointment from the Coun-
cil of Administration, the other from the Emperor
himself. The consequences to the poor inhabitants
of their having two tyrants, each opposing the
other's orders, over them, instead of one, may be
easily imagined.
The attempts on the part of the Government to
demoralise the peasants still go on, and secret
agents are constantly being discovered. A band of
men calling themselves foresters have for some
months infested the woods in the province of
Augustow. They had no arms, and went among
the peas ints, pretending to be patriots, and filling
their heads with ideas of communism and resolution.
The winter has now discovered the true character
of these "foresters," in whom the peasants have re-
cognised Russian soldiers, who have, during the
summer, assumed this disguise with the object of
gaining the ears of the peasants. It is indeed both
remarkable and gratifying to the patriots that the
peasantry have not succumbed to these diabolical
machinations on the part of the Government, but
have, on the contrary, always exposed these agents
when they have caught them. It speaks well for
the intelligence and patriotism of the peasants that
they thus discern true from pretended friends to the

national cause, and that they refuse to listen to ad-
vice which recommends them to sacrifice the best
men in the country from personal motives.
The soldiery sometimes make awkward mistakes
in carrying out their orders to arrest as many pee•
pie as possible. Two Russian subjects, who had
come to Warsaw on business, and were staying at
the European Hotel, had occasion to go out one
night. They had taken the precaution to provide
themselves with lanterns, in compliance with the
order forbidding any one to go out at night without
a lighted lantern ; but scarcely had they gone thirty
paces when the light held by one of them went out.
Instantly he was pounced upon by a patrol which
happened to be passing, and taken to the guard-
house in spite of his prayers and protestations,
where he was shut up for twenty-hours. At the
expiration of that time he was visited by a Russian
colonel, who, on ascertaining the true state of the
case, ordered him to be liberated, and, together
with his friend, to leave the country forthwith.
General Krzyzanowskoy has been appointed
Military Governor of Warsaw, vice Gerstenzweig,
deceased. It is now universally believed here that
the late Governor shot himself in consequence of a
quarrel with Count Lambert. A novel kind of
duel was determined on on this occasion. Lots
were drawn as to which of the two should shoot
himself, and General Gerstenzweig was the victim.