The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-08 00:00:00

T H

E 0 X F O R D,
6, OXFORD-STREET.
EVERY EVENING.

Selections from Auber's New Comic Opera, LA CIRCAS-
STENNE by Madame Enderssohn, Mr. Greene, Mr. H.
Herbert. and the Company. Also from Verdi's new Grand
opera, " Simon Boccaneg-ra," by Miss Russell, Messrs. Mor-
ley, Greene, C. Greville, and the Company. Full band and
chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic
Entertainments by Mr. and Master Wood, Harvey and
French (The Nerves), Mr. E. Marshall, and Mr.W. RandalL
Hall, 6d. ; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 4h. 16m.—Afternoon, 4h. 40m
To-monnow.-Morning, sh. Om.—Afternoon, sh. 30m.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER 8, 1861.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
65—highest since noon yesterday.
52—lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day at noon.
BAltomnTEß-29.92 ; falling rapidly.
WIND—S.-Westerly—light ; with very warm weather,
and cloudy.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 8, ism

Another Federal misfortune seemed necessary to
keep the balance even. The centre, of course,
shows little oscillation, the grand armies on each
side the Potomac at Washington remain in statu
quo, like the pivot of a balance ; but the scales,
East and West, act with perfect propriety. The
Confederates kicked the beam in the East at Cape
Hatteras, so, of course, the Federalists perform the
like feat in the far West in Missouri ; and, accord-
ing to all accounts, the Confederates seem likely to
keep them hard up in that position in the most im-
portant State beyond the Mississippi. Where the
fault lies, the North itself has not yet decided.
Some blame FREMONT for not sending aid to Lex-
ington ; they tell us that he was at St. Louis with
80,000 men ready for his grand expedition down
the Mississippi, and that he trusted, if successful, in
the ma in attempt, the smaller mishaps would prove
of little consequence; that the roaming bands of
rebels on his flank, and in his rear, must soon give
in. Others report that he had despatched
Succours, but that the regiments sent
were recalled, and ordered by the PRESIDENT
to Washington. One thing is certain that
the fort of Lexington was left to its fate; that
it was surrounded by a vastly greater force of
the enemy than it could well resist ; that the
officer in command, and his soldiers, fought most
bravely ; but they were human beings—they could
not live without water—and the enemy was able
to cut them off from their only supply, the Missouri.
Four thousand Federalists therefore capitulated to
THIRST, and were dismissed under an engagement
to defend no more forts against the Confederation ;
the officers, more wanted than men in the North,
were prudently retained. And thus, all quiet on
the Potomac, and up and down in the East and
West respectively, is the sum of the last advices
from America

But what is Mr. LINCOLN doing, and his worthy
Cabinet with him ? Spending money, at least,
and rather faster than he is likely to get it, for the
loan comes in but slowly. Nor should we be sur-
prised if the difficulty on this score proved even-
tually the most
severe of all, and did more than any-
thing else to bring about some kind of accommoda-
tion. But the PRESIDENT is doing
far worse for his
own objects—he is spending his moral strength.
In every way he is frowning en
negro emancipa-
tion. If the slaves of the loyal run away, he sends
them back ; if the slaves of traitors run away, he
forbids a general to emancipate them unless it can
be proved that their masters used them in further-
ance of the war. Worst of all, if coloured men
come to Washington from New York to fight
in the cause of the States in which they
were born, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, the Anti-slavery
President, strips the -United States uniform off their
backs, and exclaims—non tali auxilio, nec defen-
soribus istis, tempus eget ! One would have thought
that of all persons in the North, the free coloured men
had a right to be led against the Southerners —but
no.—as pel linaciously, as madly, as our Austrianised
Ati •
lusters refused to accept a Polish legion to storm
Sebastopol, lest they should inconvenience that
curse and bane of the Crimean War—Austria, so
does LINCOLN refuse the aid of coloured men, lest
he should inconvenience Southern Slaveholders.
S uch a man dosemea to be beaten.
one fact we aro
pie%med to notice—if the men are

1 timorous, the women are coming right, at least one
of the best of them, and one who has a European
reputation. Mrs. BEECHER STOWE'S hist letter
we were obliged to criticise more severely
than we wished. She might be forgiven, for
she took her cue from the second Preuidential mes-
sage, and declared that the North was fighting in
z cause far transcending the smaller one of personal
liberty for 4,000,000 men. But Mrs. STOWE learns
from events, if Presidents do not. In a letter to
the New York Independent, headed " The Valley
of Humiliation," she calls on her people to regard
the warnings of PROVIDENCE in the Bull's Run
disaster :

" Let us look, she says, at our defeat for a moment God-
ward, and ask if there be not a meaning in the sudden panic
which was sent into our armies, as real as when the armies
of Israel fled before those Canaanites they were tent to de-
stroy. Let us look to the ACHANS in our camp who hide
the wedge of gold and the Babylonish vest in tents. Has
there been no secret cleaving to the accursed thing which
is the cause, and sun; and soul of the whole war ? While
slavery was hemmed in by constitutional limits, and pro-
tected by laws, so that we could not overthrow it without
fighting against law and destroying government, our course
was ono of strict moral influence alone. But these Slave
States have forsworn the Government and repudiated the
laws which protected them in their ill-gotten gains. Why
not we the opportunity to break every yoke ? Why not do
it openly, bravely, and martially—not like lawyers and
politicians, but like soldiers ? Proclaim liberty through all
the land to all the inhabitants thereof. Let the President
of the United States proclaim that all men shall hereafter
be declared free and equal, and that the services of all shall
be accepted without regard to colour."
This is all admirable. The latter part of the ar-
gument is precisely that which we have often urged.
The failure to perceive its justice convinces us that
ABRAHAM LINCOLN is not the man we had hoped
that he was. He is, morally, a man of little courage.
He babbles about the constitution when those
against whom he is matched have torn it to shreds ;
and is tender over the claims of shareholders under
the Constitution, when for the sake of slavery they
have made open war upon the Government. As if
anticipating the crime of putting American uniform
off the backs of free coloured men, Mrs. STOWE re-
marks :

"Some are shocked at black regiments—they are shocked
too late. The question is not, Shall therebe black regiments?
but shall they fight on our side or on the side of our enemies?
One of the returned Massachusetts men testifies to having
fought with a company of black soldiers in the Confederate
army, and they fought hire tigers. Perhaps they fought
under promise of emancipation—for that very freedom which
we had power to give them, and did not give. We may rest
assured, if we delay till we alienate the blacks, that the
enemy will find means to turn them against us effectively, as
they have done hitherto. Who dug the trenches and raised
the masked batteries before which so many Northern
men lie dead ? The negroes. Why were the Southern
forces fresh and our weary ? They had the negroes to do
their hard work. We have then no choice but to conquer
with the negroes—to conquer by a glorious act of gene-
rosity and justice that shall make our cause go by acclama-
tion through the world—er to fall under the very hoof of
the men whose wrongs we would not right, and whom GOD
will justly make our punishers. The poor blind SAMSON
in our land is still an awful and a fateful power—and all
the horoscope of our destiny is affected by him."
Noble sentiments, again, these last. How paltry
do Presidential technicalities and timidity appear
beside them. Surely the American people will
hearken to their prophetess ; if not, we venture to
predict that the result will be somewhat like that
of old, in which the honour came not to
the leader, but the " LORD sold Sisera into the
hands of a woman." Assuredly a "woman's"
counsels are now in the right, and if the cowardly
American Government has not courage to adopt
them, either ignominious defeat, or the people
irresistibly demanding a FREMONT and STOWE
policy, will be the result. Heartily do we concur
with Mrs. STowE's closing advice :—" Let everyone
ponder this. Now is the time—the accepted time.
Now emancipation can be given as a gift—by-and-
by it will seem to be wrung out as a cowardly expe-
dient. Let the people petition the Government—
let them demand that this mighty weight shall be
cast into our scales now." Worthy this of the
authoress of "Uncle Tom's Cabin."

Who is there for Canada P Among all our sixty
colonies, it is, perhaps, everything considered, the
one combining within itself the largest number of
attractions. Not but that others are indisputably
most alluring. Not but what there are induce-
ments almost irresistible in their way leading the
enterprize of the intending emigrants towards Bri-
tish Columbia, towards Australia, towards New
Zealand, towards the Cape, towards Ceylon, and
elsewhere throughout our vast and scattered pos-
sessions. Comparisons, however, are rejected even
in the proverb as odious. They are most frequently,
without a doubt of it, very invidious. And we as-
suredly do not here propose to adventure upon any
one illustration of their being so. We content our-
selves with reiterating the assertion that Canada
holds out advantages to the emigrant almost un-
rivalled in their way, certainly altogether unsur-
passed.

To begin with—the Colony, though a Colony,
enjoys all the advantages of political independence.
The Governor-General is no doubt nominated by
the British Sovereign. And he, in his turn, nomi-

nates the Executive Council. But—beyond the

Governor-General, beyond the Executive Council
—there are tie two chambers of the Canadian Par-
liament ! And these aro the nominees neither of

Monarch nor of Viceroy—they are the free choice
of the free people of Canada. The Legislative
Council is the House of Lords—the House of As-
sembly the House of Commons—of this Canadian
Parliament. Time was when the Legislative Coun-
cil was composed of the creatures of the Crown.
That time has long since passed by, however, and
both the upper and lower chamber of the Canadian
Legislature owe their origin to the choice of the
ect ors in Canada. Virtually, therefore, the colony,
though a colony, is, we repeat, guaranteed its poli-
tical independence.

Again, as to its dimensions. Surely there, too,
Canada has its attractions. It holds out "room
and verge enough" for the development of almost
any amount of enterprize for centuries to come.
No fears can then be entertained during many
future generations like the fears that formerly
affrighted the Rev. Mr. MALTHUS—an alarmist
whose cranium must, we may rest assured, have
been entirely deficient in the organ of philoprogeni-

tiveness. Recolleet, just for an instant, the extent
of the area of Canada and the amount of its actual
population. The province which, as everyone
knows full well, is only second among the powers
of North America, extends (independently of its
north-western territories) over no less than 350,000
square miles. Fiance, in fact, would make only
two-thirds of it ! The British Islands (the nucleus
of the mighty empire of which Canada is but one
of the colonies) would make but very little over
one-third of it ! All Prussia would not make one-
third of it ! Yet up to this time, notwithstanding
the immense development of the colony during the
last half century, the whole population embraced
within its boundaries does not exceed an aggregate
of 3,000,000! A country one-third larger than.
France, nearly three times as large as Great Britain
and Ireland, more than three times as large as the
whole of Prussia—has no more inhabitants than
our metropolis alone! It must be remembered,
of course, that, while the area of the province ex-
tends, as we have said, over more than 350,000
square miles, of those 350,000 square miles no more

T RE

than 40,000 are as yet " settled" or inhabited. But
even then, the 40,000 square miles already thus in-
habited constitutes an extent of territory a third
larger than all Scotland, twice as large as Denmark,
three times the size of Switzerland. And this,
with :300,000 square miles and odd—yet to be
cleared, and settled, and cultivated !
It is not simply, however, that wo would here
insist upon it that Canada is geographically large,
or politically independent, so far as relates to its
own capacity for self-government. Its fruitful-
ness is so wonderful ! Its climate is so various !
Its facilities for communication by land and by
water are so glaringly extraordinary !
To begin with the last mentioned class of ad-
, vantages. Wo will suppose that some merchant
vessel sets out across the ocean from any Euro-
pean port, and arrives in due course at the mouth
of the St, Lawrence. Let our transatlantic con-
temporary, the Canadian News, say then how it
fares with that ship upon its arrival there at that
earliest point in its destination at that broad out-
let of the giant stream of the St. Lawrence.
Says our contemporary, putting its array of facts
before us in the simplest, plainest manner imagi-
nable, "Four hundred and ten miles sailing from
this outlet brings us to Quebec, the great seaport of
Canada, with a large and increasing foreign com-
merce ; 500 miles sailing finds us at the limit of the
tide-water, and we now begin in reality to ascend
the stream of the St. Lawrence ; 590 miles brings
us to Montreal, near where the Ottawa, or Grand
River of the North, mingles its red waters with
those of the St. Lawrence, after draining a valley
of 80,000 square miles in area, lying to the
north-west, and thus commanding the inexhaus-
tible treasures of the magnificent forest of a part
of Canada, more than twice the size of
Bavaria, and six times the superficial limits of
Holland.' Nearly six hundred miles inland navi-
gation for merchantmen ! Then as to actual facili-
ties already secured to the colony in the way of
railway communication ; enough if we say that
already Canada has very nearly two thousand
miles of railway virtually completed and in active
operation. That is really and truly more accom-
plished in the way of railroad enterprize yonder in
Canada than we have been enabled as yet to effect
close at hand here within Ireland or in Scotland.
To particularise merely one fact—" There is,"
we read, " an unbroken line of railway from a point
110 miles below Quebec, on the St. Lawrence
river, to Lake Huron, a distance of 780 miles, and
through its instrumentality a saving of five days
is effected in the transmission of goods between the
Atlantic and the Mississippi over all other routes,"
That, however, is merely one portion of the already
vast railway system of Canada, when, as we have
said, altogether very nearly 2,000 miles of railroad,
or, to be precise, exactly 1,876 miles of railway are
already completed. No wonder the rise in the
value of land there has been so remarkable. No
wonder that with the advantages alone already
enumerated, the tide of emigration has set thither
so strongly, so steadily, nay, for that matter, so
increasingly. So considerable, in truth, let us
here remark in conclusion, is the rate of advance
made in the settlement of Canada, that it has been
reasonably calculated, according to the progress
now making out there, that in all human likeli-
hood within the brief internal of another decade
the inhabited portions of Canada will equal the
whole of the fifth of the great European Powers,
that is, the whole of the Kingdom of Prussia.

The Duke de Caumont Laforce and the Marquis
do Caumont Laforce have left the Clarendon for Paris.
The Marquis of Bute, accompanied by General
Stuart and Mrs. Stuart, has arrived at St. George's Hotel.
The Marchioness of Clanricarde left town yester-
day. morning, on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Cork,
at Marston House, Somersetshire.
Earl Granville returned to town on Saturday.
The Earl and Countess of Craven are entertain-

ing a select party at Ashdowne Park. Amongst the visitors
are the Earl of Sefton, Viscount and Viscountess Grey de
Wilton, Viscount Uffington, Colonel Bathurst, the Hon.
Frederick Craven, Mr. Hope, Mr. G. G. Johnstone, &c.

The Magyar Saito states that the Earl of Derby
has been at Pesth for some days with his family, and has
lately paid a visit to Arad.

Lady Cowley left London for Paris yesterday,
via Folkestone and Boulogne. Lady Bulwer, who has been
staying at Dover, came to Folkestone to meet and accom-
pany her ladyship to Paris.

LAND IN IRELAND.—An official return shows

that the area of land in Ireland devoted to the growth of
potatoes in 1847, immediately after the great blight, was
only 284,116 acres, but the produce per acre exceeded 67
barrels of 20 stone weight each. In the following year the
acreage was nearly tripled, but the product fell to 44 bar-
rels. The extent of land in 1859 was no less than 1,200,347
acres, but they yielded only 28 barrels each. Last year the
acreage was 1,172,079, but the average yield had fallen to
only 18 barrels, bein six barrels less per acre than in any
previous year of the series alluded to.

THE NEW ORDERS IN BANKRUPTCY.—We be

Hove wo may state that the general orders under "the
Bankruptcy Act, 1861," will be issued to the profession and
the public on the 12th inst. The statute provides (section
232) that the aot shall commence and take effect from and
and after the 11th day of October, 1861, and the publica-
tion of the general orders could not, therefore, take place
until the day after the commencement of the act itself.
This is, we believe, the only instance in which general
orders under any new statute have been promulgated con-
currently with the law itself. It will be recollected that
the Bankruptcy Law Consolidation Act, 1849, received the
royal assent on the Ist of August, 1849, and that the orders
under that statute were not issued until the 19th of
October, 1852.

BOROUGH BRANCH OF LONDON AND WESTMIN-
sTER BANK.—An enlargement of some importance to the
Borough branch of the London and Westminster Bank is

now nearly completed. The building adjoins the Bridge
House Hotel, and is within a house of the open space in
front of St. Saviour's church. The front as it is now seen
consists of six windows on each floor. The openings on
the ground floors are divided by Doric pilasters, resting on
moulded pedestals. The openings at either extremity of
the front are doorways. The first floor windows are en-
closed by architraves, and surmounted by pediments with
convex freizes in the entablature and vermiculated key
stones dropping from the bedmoulds to the souffits of the
openings. Balustrades, slightly projecting, rest on the
ground floor cornices in front of the first floor windows.
The second floor windows have plain moulded architraves
and cornices ; balconettes resting on enriched corbels, and
pierced with connected circles, are placed at the feet of the
windows. The moulded sills of the third floor rest on
plain corbels. The openings are segment headed with
key stones, connected with the necking under the principal
cornice, which is enriched with block modilllons and din-
tels. The whole is crowned by a simple parapet. The
front is executed in Portland cemtnt, and the works are
being carried out by Messrs. Nicholson and Co. A good
featly e about the building is, that all the mouldings of cor-
nices and strings are returned upon the flank walls, thus
permitting it to be advantageously seen from every point
of view, as well as from that directly in front of ft.—Build-
ing News.

UNDEVELOPED TALENT. There have been
very popular writers who were brought out by mere
accident. They did not know what precious vein of
thought they had at command, till they stumbled
upon it as if by chance, like the Indian at the mines of
Potosi. It is not much that we know of Shakspere, but it
seems certain that it was in patching up old plays for acting
that he discovered within himself a capacity for producing
that which men will not easily let die. When a young
military man, disheartened with the service, sought for an
appointment as an Irish Commissioner of Excise, and was
sadly disappointed because he did not get it, it is probable
that he had as little idea as any one else had that he pos-
sessed that aptitude for the conduct of war which was to
make him the Duke of Wellington. And when a young
mathematician, entirely devoid of ambition, desired to settle
quietly down, and devote all his life to that unexciting
study, he was not aware that he was a poison of whom
more was to be made—who was to grow into the great Em-
perer Napoleon. I had other instances in my mind, but
after these last it is needless to mention them. But such
cases suggest to us that there may have been many Folletts
who never held a brief, many Keans who never acted but
in barns, many
Vandyke who never earned more than six-
pence a day, many Goldsmiths who never were better than
penny-a-liners, many Michaels who never built their St.
Peters; and perhaps a Shakspere who held horses at the
theatre door for pence, as the Shakspere we know of did,
and who stopped there.—Fraser's Magazine.