The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-11 00:00:00

you that her Majesty, acting on the principle of
respecting the independence of the nations of
Europe, will receive you as the Envoy of Victor
Emmanuel IL, King of Italy.
" Corresponding instructions will be given to Sir
James Hudson, her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary
at the Court of Turin.

" I request you, M. le Marquis, to accept the
assurances of my highest consideration.--I have,
Sze* (Signed) "I. RUSSELL."

" LORD J. RUSSELL TO SIR J. HUDSON.
" FOREIGN-OFFICE, April 1, 1861.
" Sir,—l transmit to you herewith a copy of a
letter from the Marquis d'Azeglio, announcing that
the National Parliament has voted, and the King
sanctioned, a law in virtue of which his Majesty
Victor Emmanuel 11. assumes for himself and his
successors the title of 'King of Italy,' and also a
copy of my reply, stating that the Queen would
receive him as Envoy of Victor Emmanuel 11.,
King of Italy.'

" No new credentials will be required by you.
I am, &c. (Signed) "J. RUSSELL."

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

A correspondent of a contemporary, who signs
himself " One Who Has Served Under Him,"
writes thus :—Just at the moment when every one
had become tranquillised about the formidable year
of 1861 warlike rumours arrive from Italy--move-
ments of Austrian troops on one side of the
Mincio and Po, and corresponding movements of
Italians on the other side. The Austrians first
withdrew their troops from the Ultra- Mincio dis-
trict, and then reoccupy it again and move down
large bodies of men into Venetia; Cialdini, on the
other hand, takes the command of two corps
d'armee and establishes his line along the Po ;
General Benedek harangues his officers and tells
them that the time for the decisive struggle has
come, and that they must be prepared to serve
without pay and live like private soldiers. On
the other hand, gatherings of Garibaldians are
talked of in the frontier towns towards Austria,
and Garibaldi himself appears all of a sudden at
Turin. Both Austria and Italy had given most
tranquillising assurances about their pacific inten-
tions, and yet both seem preparing for a struggle.
It is as if the first rays of the warm spring sun
were exercising again their exciting influence on
the blood of mankind and were overruling the calm
decisions taken during a long frosty v inter.
But although the fact of these warlike prepara-
tions admits of no doubt, it has not been made as
yet clear from which side the first impulse to these
warlike preparations proceeds. As in 1859, each
of the two parties accuses its adversary, and
claims the right of self-defence against a possible
aggression. There can be little doubt that both
hate each other more than ever neighbours did,
that either would have little hesitation to attack
the other, if it could do so with some chance of
success.
The chances at this moment are entirely in
favour of Austria and against Italy. The union
of. Southern Italy has been hitherto rather a
source of weakness than strength to the nation,
and instead of having doubled his army the new
King of Italy has fewer soldiers at his disposal
for immediate warfare than last autumn, when he
entered the Roman provinces. The unpopularity
f the Italian cause with a large and influential
portion of the French people has been clearly enough
shown in the recent debates, and it would be a
hopeless task even for the Emperor Napoleon to
drag France into a war caused by an aggression on
the part of Italy. A couple of days ago the Hun-
garian Diet met with the view to make another
last attempt to come to a compromise with the
dynasty. Can Italy expect to be seconded at this
moment on that side?
Thus every consideration on the part of Italy is
for putting off the decisive struggle. To consoli-
date the internal organisation, to develope the mili-
tary resources of the country, and to wait for the
result of the negotiations in Itungary,—time is all
in fo-Nour of It%lr,
It is fatal to Austria. It is madness to wait till
Italy is consolidated and her army raised to double
its present number. What better moment can
there be chosen for an attack than while there are
negotiations carried on with the Hungarians ? A
bold attack with 200,000 men would soon bring
the Austrians to Milan and Turin. There is quite
that number of troops in and about Venetia.
General Benedek is just the man for a bold plan,
and when once this object is accomplished the
Hungarians can be more easily disposed of.
The only difficulty is to find a justification, or
rather a pretext for such an attack, which other-
wise might bring in the French troops again.
The pretext is found. All over Lombardy Aus-
trian agents are busy buying up the conges of Gari-
baldians, the price given being about 300 f. (about
£ 12) for each of them. Once a sufficient number of
these conges bought up, and others manufactured, a
corresponding number of men can be easily put in
red shirts and be made to attack. Thus Austria
will have the right to retaliate; the coves will be
held up to the world, the principle of non-interven-
tion invoked, and an Austrian army will re-enter
Italy.

The stratagem is so much the more plausible as
at this very moment heated imaginations are
frightening themselves and others by attributing
the movements in the Herzegovina to a descent of
Garibaldians, and constru:ng it into the first be-
ginning of a great scheme for revolutionising all
Europe, when a moment's reflection might show
the absurdity of this first stratagem which comes
through the Austrian telegraphs in the Adriatic.
Garibaldians don't exist without Garibaldi ; he
is the soul, the animating spirit; it is his prudence
which makes an army of a number of untrained and

undisciplined youths. Who ever heard of Garibald,

as second in the fight P—and yet Garibaldians are

said to be attacking in the Herzegovina, while he
has only just eome up to Turin to fight the battle

of his companions against the sweeping measures
- - --- -

of the War Department.

With this example before the world, and the
buying up of Garibaldian conges going on in Lom-
bardy, a word of warning against a two ready belief
in Garibaldian movements may not be superfluous,
especially as the true test of the reality of a Gari-
baldian expedition can be easily obtained. When
some day your readers hear of a new crusade of
Italian youth, and the telegraph announces Gari-
baldi's arrival amoung them, then they may. be
sure that a Garibaldian expedition is at hand—but
not till then.