The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-09 00:00:00

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I'HE GREAT EXHIBIT
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ptawelnaoedyr short;
i:Tntr a
Iltwell
understood, and
It has been said that internationalAkus
hibitions have a natural tendency to develope and,
enlarge themselves with each succeeding display.
The truth of this remark is being strikingly ex-
emplified by the widespread preparations now mak-
ing in all departments of science, arts, and manu-
e
factures o for the
hlteyeha ekor
ebgjppreoreceiatnst
et
one
oftvfeet
represented
enoefxnhheei
undertakingxb
fit
to
iyrote exhibition
croo: n
awal
insansdsgi
ni
vdte ssi
aflo rdcei bp layr st nt in
Asathe effortwhol
whole
ftthhee cc oolloonn ticess
position to go to much expense
sthtiellcznoloorn
were almost unrepresented. The notice given Was
few of the colonies
for contri-
butions. Thus it was that out of the 23,500 feet of
horizontal space allotted to the British Colonies in
1851 only 6,180 were thinly occupied. The Indian
Court, it is true, made a grand display of rich and
gaudy wares, but the products rnd manufactures—
the material wealth, in short, of our gigantic colo-
nial possessions, were either inadequately repre-
sented or not represented at all. Now, all this will
be changed next year. The truth of the theory
of the development of these exhibitions showed
itself in the Paris Exhibition of 1853. Then our
colonies not only appreciated the objects of the Ex-
hibition, but what was more important,zifierstooA'
what they had lost by being so imperfectly repre-
sented in 1851. The result was that 4 Paris, in
1853, there was a finer colonial display than in Lon-
don in '5l, and in the Exhibition of next year there
will be such a show of colonial products and manu-
factures as has never been gathered under one roof
before. All, even to our most distant dependencies,
are making such efforts to be well represented next
year as almost apparently to surpass the interest
taken in the scheme at home. The Canadian Go-
vernment has voted £B,OOO towards the expenses
of properly representing that grand colony;
Cape Colony will give £5,000 ; British Columbia,
£2,000; Queensland, £2,000; Tasmania, £2,000;
New South Wales, £3,000, and £5,000 for an
exhibition of gold ; Victoria gives £lO,OOO ; New
Brunswick, £1,600; British Guiana, £l,OOO, and
proportionate sums will be voted by nearly all
the other colonial Legislatures throughout the world.
The idea of the gold exhibition of the Australian
colonies is an admirable one. For the first time
the English public will see a properly arranged and
classified exhibition of the various deposits of the
precious metal, the discovery of which has in ten
short years raised Australia from the position of an
outlying colony and convict depot to a series of
powerful and wealthy States. It is not to be a
mere display of nuggets; on the contrary, the
nuggets that are to be sent as specimens are to be
limited in weight to 6oz. It is to be a display not
only of the various forms in which the rich aurife-
rous yield is found, but also of all the machines
and implements by which it is worked at the dig-
gings. Thus there will be gold earth and gold sand,
with the methods of washing it, gold quartz of
every grade of richness, from 3oz. to the ton, till
the lumps of metal at last emerge in an eruption of
pure nuggets upon the surface of the earth. To-
wards this display New South Wales gives £5,000,
and the settlement of Victoria £5,000, with £5,000
more for the general purposes of exhibitors. Let
those who affect to complain that 10 years is too
short a space of time to intervene between those
Exhibitions ti ink of this munificent grant of the
Victorian Legislature, and of the progress made by
that colony during the last decade. In 1851 Victoria
was just starting into existence as a distant colony.
Its population was then short of 80,0110 ; it had
barely 60,000 acres of land under cultivation; its
annual imports were barely a million, and its ex-
ports short of £1,400,000. Novits population is
nearly 700,000, its exports exceed in value 15 mil-
lions annually, and its imports are as large, while
more than 490,000 acres of land are under cultiva-
tion. The colonists own upwards of 7,000,000 head
of cattle, and have sent gold to the mother country
to the value of £110,00,000 sterling. Nor is it
only in Victoria that we see this astounding pro-
gress in the 10 years that has intervened. Port
Phillip, which in 1851 had only just been erected
into a separate colony, is now the great settlement
of the group. Moreton Bay has within the last
two years become a great, prosperous, and indepen-
dent colony, under the name of Queensland ; Van
Diemen's Land no longer exists, but in its stead is
the wealthy and thriving settlement of Tasmania,
and even the beautiful Norfolk Islands are no more
the most dreaded of all penal settlements, but
have been colonised by the Pitcairn Islanders,
to whom a romantic interest still attaches
as the descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty,
who kept up their primitive simplicity and isolation
till they outgrew the limits of their first island
home. We live fast nowadays, and ten years is a
huge epoch in the rapid history of colonial enter-
prise and progress. There are now railways and
telegraphs to towns in Australia which 10 years ago
were only stations with sheep tracks through the
bush. Steamers are plying on the Murray and the
Darling, and Queensland, British Columbia, and
Vancouver's Island have since the last Exhibition
been admitted into that greatfamily of communities
which constitute the gigantic empire of the British
colonies.

PRICE.. ..... .4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

artificers, labourers, and others who are in the re-
ceipt of daily or weekly wages, and who have en-
tered the service since the passing of the Superan-
nuation Act of April 19, 1859.
" And, as the Lords Commissioners of her Ma-
jesty's Treasury are desirous of being furnished with
lists of the individuals, or class of persons, who will
be eligible under these regulations, I am to request
that you will transmit a return thereof at the ear-
liest opportunity. " B. HAWES.
" To officers in charge of departments, &c."

The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Trea-
sury having had under consideration the regula-
tions which should be adopted to give effect to the
Superannuation Act of the 19th April, 1859, in re-
gard to the allowances to be issued to such artificers,
labourers, and others in the receipt of wages, as
have been appointed since the date of the act in
question, and, having further considered " the pro-
per manner of applying the provisions of the Act" in
question, with reference to the nature of the remu-
neration given, either by means of a total compensa-
tion for service in the grant of a market rate of
wages, or iy a rate inferior thereto, which in the
course of years is made up by " steady employment"
and the prospect of superannuation, have deter-
mined—

"1. That no persons are entitled to superannua-
tion who are in the receipt of the full market rate of
wages. 2. That persons receiving less than the full
market rate of wages may be admitted to the service
in an established capacity. and become entitled to
superannuation on the following terms :-3. That
the maximum age of admission to the service in an
established capacity shall not exceed 35, except in
special cases, in which the Secretary of State may,
with the concurrence of the Lords Commissioners of
her Majesty's Treasury, consent to make an excep-
tion. 4. The 17th section of the Act requires that
all persons not appointed directly by the Crown
shall, before appointment, pass a satisfactory exa-
mination before the Civil Service Commissioners,
and receive a certificate of competency. The service
of such persons will reckon towards superannuation
from the date of the certificate of the Commissioners,
or from the date (when a subsequent one) of the
commencement of their duties. 5. With a view to
give effect to the fourth item of these regulations,
Sir G. C. Lewis has decided that the examination
shall embrace the following subjects :—Reading,
writing, and arithmetic,first four rules. Each person
will also be required to produce evidence of physical
fitness and the necessary proof of good character.
6. All artificers, labourers, and others employed in

the colonies who are not of the English race,
but who may be nominated for permanent ap-
pointment, will not (unless they desire it) be
subjected to the educational examination above
referred to. If, however, they should be exempted
from this test they will be required to serve a period
of five years on probation prior to appointment on
establishment, and the necessary proof of age, good
character, physical fitness, and aptitude for their
duties must be furnished, in order that the certifi-
cates of the Civil Service Commissioners, as re-
quired by the 17th clause of the Superannuation
Act, may be obtained."
The detachment of officers and men of the Depot
Brigade, Royal Artillery, who have been stationed
at Shoebtaryness for the last two months to undergo
a course of instruction at that school of gunnery,
will return to headquarters, Sheerness, to-day. The
detachment has been through a complete course of
instruction in the use of the Awstrong gun, and
will be the first draught despatched to India.
Lieut. C. F. Daly and a detachment of the Royal
Marine Artillery and Royal Marines left headquar-
ters, Chatham, on Saturday afternoon, and em-
barked on board the Malacca, 17, 200-horse power,
fitting for the Pacific.
The 6th, 7th, and Bth Batteries of the 10th Bri-
gade, Garrison Artillery, Col.-Commandant Gen.
W. G. Power, C. 8., arrived at headquarters, Wool-
wich, on Saturday from Portsmouth. The battery
was in command of Lieut. and Brevet-Col. P. 11.
Mundy.
The Artillery force now at Aldershott consists of
the batteries of the 4th Brigade, commanded by
Major Hoste, C. 8., Capts. Smyth and Leslie, and
the battery of Horse Artillery commanded by Capt.
Saunders. The new Artillery stations of Chatham,
Canterbury, and Walmer, will be occupied by the
batteries of the 9th brigade, commanded by Major
Mackey, Capts. Byrne and Stokes.

If there are any among the members of this sys-
tem of dependencies which show less zeal in the
Exhibition than the rest they are to be found among
the West Indian colonies. Sugar now and cotton
for the future seem not unnaturally to occupy all
their thoughts at present, and more interest is
evinced among the people of the Sandwich Islands,
at Hayti, in Japan,the South Sea Isles, the Fee-
jees, in Liberia, and along the settlements of the
West Coast of Africa, than among the inhabitants
of the greatest of the Antilles. Mr. R. Alcock is
sending home a superb collection of objects from
Japan, principally of China laquer ware and textile
fabrics, with scientific and agricultural implements,
raw products, &c. To this display her Maj esty will
contribute from the Windsor armoury the magnifi-
cent weapons and armour which were lately sent to
her as a present from the Tycoon. Our Indian em-
pire was last time represented by the display put
forth by the Company. This time Dr. F. Watson is
intrusted with gathering together a grand collection
of the staples of that great empire, and it is said
the collection will be one of the most valuable and
most varied that has ever been brought together.
The Indian empire does not come within the space
assigned for the colonial display, but will, as in 1851,
have a separate court to itself. In all, 12,000 feet of
horizontal space has been given up to the colonies
apparentlyand expected,
have
to
o
proper. Judging from the present applications, at
icethmrai
that
sieramountsons
is demanded
will
landeas t
thet w
co
enlarge the area at first decided on. On all sides
arises the clamour for more room, and yet more.
The theory of development on which the Commis.
sinners have depended
has been rather more than
realised, yet, as their belief in the theory has not
taken the practical form of erecting a building large
enough to meet what they rightly said would be
the increased demand, it necessarily follows that a
numerous minority of the late applicants will be
disappointed altogether. There is not one-fourth
more space for the exhibitors than in 1851, yet
about 10 times the amount is wanted. England
alone has sent in demands which amount to twice
the contents of the whole structure, and France
complains that she has about a tenth of the space
required for what she must exhibit.
Of all our large cities, Dublin seems the most
apathetic on the subject, as compared with its size
and importance ; but few applications have yet
come in, and none whatever will be entertaine
after the 30th of this month. The 12th of Febru-
te when exhi-
ary next has been fixed on as the date
bjects, and the
bitors may begin to send in thei r o
that time till
nothing Commissioners will receive them from
rch whatever
the end of March. After Ma
from home or abroad, no
will be admitted either
matter from what cause the delay have arisen.
There will be thus one clear month, during Which
those in charge of the building can proceed unin-
terruptedly in the proper arrangement and display
of the works of art and manufactures. If this rule
is strictly adhered to there is no fear of a repetition
of the hurry, confusion, and half finished
the midst of which the
state in
Exhibition of 1851 was
opened.