The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-06 00:00:00

, THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING,- APRIL 6, 1861.

good care is, of course, taken that no one shall be
is a position to do that. But it cannot be denied
that we are just in the crisis in which, if Louis
NAPOLEON acts like Dims NAPOLEON, jut such a
report may reach us, even before Parliament is pro-
rogued, as that Sardinia is to be put under the
screw of a French Universal Suffrage and Ballot,
that Count CAVoUR declares that it can-
not be otherwise, that Rome is in future
to be the Continental capital of Italy,
and that considerations of " natural boundaries"
(to French ambition) require that La Maddalena
be never occupied again by any English, or even
Sardinian NELSON, watching thence by repeating
frigates the French navy in the harbour of Toulon.
We are sorry to seem even suspicious; but, if we
are so, the fault is not ours. The subject has slept
some time, or rather England and Europe have
slept over it; but we have been "caught napping"
before, and we shall have but ourselves to thank if
we are caught so again. Our great ally seems to
think such international pranks as harmless as
those of schoolboys ; and we took the last so quietly
that he may well believe -we should be as good
tempered if he tried it on again. We warn him,
however, that he will find himself quite mistaken.
Savoy lay so entirely between the two coun-
tries; it had no trade with us, and was un-
approachable by our übiquitous • navy, that
while we did not loathe the roguery and fraud the
less, we had yet no direct national interest in the
dirty transaction. Altogether different will it be
with Sardinia. Our naval position in the Mediter-
ranean will be directly assailed. Malta will be
checkmated. The naval power which alone aspires
to be strong enough at sea to invade our shores at
a day's notice will be enabled to watch our Medi-
terranean fleet with every advantage, and so far
to neutralise the indirect aid which it would fur-
nish to our channel fleet at home. England can-
not allow Sardinia to belong to France.
On the other hand, we wish Italy to have it. We
care not how strong she becomes in her Mediter-
ranean harbours. We feel a confidence in her consti-
tutional Government, and in her growing free trade
with England, and in the goodwill engendered by
our perfectly unselfish support during her struggle
for liberty, which assures us that the stronger Italy
is, as a naval Power, the better for us. Italians well
understand that but for the powerful moral support
of England, backed as it was by a fleet which made
our policy respected, the fate of Italy might have
been widely different. Instead of a united and
strong Italy, the man of Villafranca and of
Gaeta would have kept her divided, and unsettled,
and disunited, that France might be the real head
of half a dozen petty kingdoms ; and probably that,
in time, some of these little royalties might have
chosen a NAPOLEON for its ruler by universal
suffrage and the ballot.

That hope must now be pretty well gone. We
have therefore a magnanimous disclaimer—cheap
magnanimity—of the manifesto of LUCIEN MURAT.
But there is yet a question. How can the EMPEROR
bring himself to give up Rome without a considera-
tion ? To lose not only the position for annoying and
disturbing Ttaly, but the prestige of " the French at
Rome"—although they got there by a most atro-
cious crime, and keep there in defiance of the
people whom they came " to liberate"—to lose both
military position and an importance gained by
crime, for nothing—can it be endured ? The only
compensation supposable is, another slice of terri-
tory. Money Italy has not to spare ; and to
be bought out of Rome would be really too
degrading, but territory is an honourable compen-
sation for renouncing other' stolen territory—and
Sardinia is the only portion of Italy that France
would now care about. Our Foreign Office has,
we hope, therefore apprised Count CAVOUR, and
the EMPEROR too, that the cession of Eardinia to
France would be considered by England as a casus

As to the rumours of possible hostilities this
spring or summer, while they could surprise no
one, we yet cannot see that there is much in the
few facts to which they seem to owe their origin.
Austria dare not, and Italy will not, move yet.
True, Garibaldi is at Turin, but it is quite as
likely he is got there to be talked over into
quietness, as because he is wanted for some
warlike project. Old BENEDEK, too, is no
doubt very desirous to renew the conflict with the
Piedmontese, in which he fought so fiercely, and
was so nearly successful, on the Austrian right
against the Sardinian left, at the Battle of Solferino.
He probably thinks that he could, as Commander-
in-Chief, do for the whole army what he did for his
own division. But BENEDEK cannot command in
Hungary and in Italy too. Nor is it by any means
certain that in a hostile Venetia, and with a nation
fighting for their newly-gained liberties, he would
not find himself overmatched. The hope of peace
on the side of Italy is that no Government there
but France is in a position to fight ; and that,
however much Austria might like it, she dares not
begin the conflict with Hungary on her back. As
to the Northern chances of war, we should hope
England will be able to keep the foolish Prussian
Government quiet, and if so, the King of DENMARK,
under our advice, as a thoroughly friendly power,
will take no step which shall bring a French army
to the Rhine.

It is gratifying to learn by the last arrivals from
India that the Government there is taking up the
subject of cotton growing, at the same time with
earnestness and prudence. It proposes to do all
that Government can do, but carefully to avoid
putting itself in the place of the private trader.
The Governor-General's circular to the Presidential
authorities observes :—" First—That no measure
which places Government in the position' of the
private capitalist, cultivator, or speculator, or
which in any way interferes with private enter
prise can be otherwise than permanently injuri-
ous in itself and detrimental to the object in view.
Therefore, all attempts to stimulate cultivation or
labour, by any exertion of Government authority
directly or indirectly, are out of the question. The
same objection will apply to model farms and ex-
perimental cultivation conducted by officers of
Government."

The present object is to tell on the production of
the coming Indian crop; all canal and railroad
schemes are, therefore, out of place ; not even the
solution of questions respecting land tenure can
much avail towards the immediate object. Two
things the Government thinks must be chiefly
attended to immediately :—First, every effort must
be made to diffuse information in the districts
where cotton is grown, on the probable demand
for it, the prices it will command, and
the means of getting it ready for market. Secondly,
in a rough and ready way, the present means of
conveyance to port may be considerably improved.
The Government also proposes to permit the mer-
chants to use, under certain regulations, its local
treasuries as banks, where there are none, and offers
facilities to commercial agents in visiting the cotton
producing districts.

We do not know that the Government could do
more. Manchester must be her own chief agent.
If she sends suitable persons among the native cul-
tivators to apprise them of the prices she can stud
for the quality of the cotton they grow; if,

perhaps of as much importance as any-
thing, she could send saw-gins, and skilled
hands with them to clean and pack the

cotton and to provide for its clean transmission by
the rude native conveyances, it seems to be certain
that India could supply an amount of cotton, and
probably at a price, too, which would soon settle
the question of American supply, perhaps, of Ame-
rican slavery. A better time than the present could
hardly be. The new Confederation is devising
means to pay their Governmental expenses by an
export tax on cotton. They "guess" that so, Eng-
land and Europe will pay their taxes. But that
will only be on the supposition that we have no
other market. If we can get cotton cheaper from
India, we shall bring down their prices to a pro-
bably much lower figure than they were at, before
they laid on their ten per cent.

Manchester can well afford to do something
towards making India its chief source of supply
for raw cotton, for India is already the best cus-
tomer of Manchester for the manufactured article.
Ws take the following from the Cotton kupply
Reporter :

rui T. 1,74 AV
IN I k.-7

TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.
PESTH, SATURDAY.

The opening of the Hungarian Diet, as well as
of all the other provincial Assemblies, is definitively
fixed for to-day, with the exception of the Galician
Diet, which will be opened later.

The reorganization of the tribunals of Transyl•
vania, and the transfer of the administration of
justice to the judicial authorities formally esta•
blished there, has been sanctioned by the Emperor.

WARSAW, FRIDAY EVENING.
The city presents a very gloomy aspect.
The deepest mourning is worn by every one of
the inhabitants, without exception,

The theatres have been closed for a fortnight.
Last night a crowd of about 3,000 persons assem-
bled on the spot where the victims of February
fell. Prayers were intoned before the picture of
the Virgin on their behalf.

The crowd afterwards dispersed, shouting the
words " Until we meet again."
The military, which were stationed a short dis-
tance off, made no attempt to interfere.

MOSTAR, APRIL 5,

The insurgents have made a fresh attack on
Poglizza, but were repulsed by the Turkish troops,
after a fight which lasted four hours.

TOULON, APRIL 5.
The iron-cased frigate Invincible has been suc-
cessfully launched at this port.

The Patrie of this evening says :—" We learn
that the Emperor, faithful to the policy he has
constantly followed in regard to Italy—a policy
excluding all family ambition and all idea of con-
quest—has written a letter to Prince Murat ex-
pressing these noble sentiments, and, consequently,
disapproving the manifesto of the Prince."

DRESDEN, APRIL 5.

The Dresden Journal of to-day publishes a tele-
gram, dated Paris, April 5, stating, "on good
authority," that the Emperor Napoleon had given
a distinct assurance to the Pope that the French
troops would not leave Rome.

TURIN, APRIL 5.
Liborio Romano has arrived at Genoa. It is
stated that he is seriously indisposed.

The discussion on the affairs of Naples was con-
cluded to-day in the Chamber of Deputies.
Signor Minghetti, the Minister of the Interior,
rejected the proposals of Signor Ferrari relative to
an inquiry into the state of the Southern Provinces.
The debate has been very animated.
The vote on the orders of the day will be taken
to-morrow.

VIENNA, APRIL 5.

The Oesterreichische Zeitung of to-day says :
" The ex-Grand Duke of Tuscany yesterday
sent to the European Cabinets a protest against
the assumption of the title of King of Italy by
King Victor Emmanuel.
"It is expected that the ex-Duke of Modena
and the ex-King of Naples will send a similar
protest."

PESTH, APRIL 5.

The date of the opening of the Hungarian Diet
is still uncertain, the inaugural speech to be
delivered by Count Apponyi on the occasion not
having been yet approved of by the Emperor.
Great excitement prevails on this account
amongst the deputies.

AGRAM, APRIL 5.
The municipality has decided on sending a depu-
tation to the King to request the removal of the
Regiment Stephen, some soldiers belonging to the
same having insulted the national arms.

MADRID, APRIL 5.
The Correspondencia Autografa of to-day an-
nounces that perfect tranquillity prevails in Mor-
rocco, and that the treaty between that country and
Spain is being faithfully carried out.

VIENNA, MARCH 5.
The Oesterreichische Zeitung of to-day says that
the news of the landing of General Mieroslawskie
in Albania is doubtful.