The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-05 00:00:00

THE SUN,I:ILONDON,' TRIDAY ~'EVENING ; APRIL 5, 1861.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lemee, Mr. J. B. Bnokstone.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
A DUKE IN DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F.
Baydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. Suckstone,
Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, &a.
After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and effects, and all the original MILLERy the late Sir Henry
Bishop, the melodrama of THE AND HIS MEN.
-Commence at 7.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM.
Soie*Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
Two New Dramas.—Reappearance of Mr. John Drew, and
sth appearance of Miss Matilda Heron.
THIS EVENING, THE TWO GREGORIES.

After which, a new original comic drama, written by Saml.
Lover, Esq., entitled MAC CARTHY MORE ; or, Possession
Nine Points of the Law. -John Drew, J. Johnston, Forrester,
3. Rouse, Medlin; Misses Rawlings, Hudspeth, azc.

To conclude with a new drama, NEW YEAR'S EVE ; or,
The Belle of the Season. Messrs. H. Neville, Villiers, Jag.
Johnstone, J. Roue : Mrs. Winstanley, Miss Matilda Heron,
Kiss Willard, &c.

itOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.--
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore,
Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Lecleroq.
Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Feohter. Sup-
ported by Messrs. Ryder, Hermann Vezin,
Graham, Shore,
Meadows, Ac. ; Misses Heath, R. Leclercq, and Elsworthy.

NEW' THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.—
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Great Attraction for the Eater Holidays.-sth appearance
this season of Mr. B. Webster and Miss Julia Daly.
THIS EVENING, a new drama (2d time) MAGLIORE,
PRESTIDIGITA2 OR. Messrs. B. Webster J. L. Toole,
D. Fisher, dm.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss H. SiMMR,, jr.c.
Atter which, OUR GAL. Miss Julia Daly, Mr. Romer,
Mr. Eburne, and Mr. Warde.
Doors open at halt past 6—Commence at T.

CANTERBURY-tmiHnster-rALL CONCERTS!!
Wesoad.
Proprietor........ C. Morton.
A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,

This opera has never been produced is this or any other
country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
cided success which charactissi the most popular works of
this great Muter, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
mENTO, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
C. W. Bernard. Director, F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TRIS DAY.—Morning, 10h. 40m.—Afternoon, 11h. 19ra
To-monnow.-Morning, 11h. 56m.—Afternoon, —h. —m

THE WEATHER.—SUN OPPICE, APRIL 5, 1861.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
54—highest 'Since noon yesterday.
38—lowest this morning and during the night.
49—this day at noon.

BaßostzTEß-29.95.
WlND—North-Westerly—light; with dull weather, but
dry.

However much we may be opposed to the views
entertained by Mr. ROEBUCK in regard to the
position in which Austria stands relatively to
Italy through Venetia, that is to say, to Italy One
and Indivisible—there is no doubt at all that the
hon. and learned gentleman not only hit the right
nail on the head, but hit it moreover a good down-
right sledge-hammer blow when he remarked the
other day at Sheffield that NAPOLEON wanted his
own relatives established there in the Roman
Peninsula. That is indubitably the arriere pensee
of the Italian Policy of that idol of Europe, the
self-styled Moderator of Revolutions. And that
arriere pensee furnishes us with a clue through all
the windings and doublings of that more than
Cretan labyrinth guarded by the grim imperial
Minotaur. Was - it not • manifest at the
very:outset of the War of Liberation ? The
Prince NAPOLEON, for example —was he
not, for this express purpose and to this
distinct end, united to the daughter of VICTOR
EMMANUEL, in order to render him, at once, an
Italian Prince by marriage ? Was he not sent
round by Leghorn manifestly in order that he might
be in readiness, at the first opportunity, to slip into
the vacated shoes, and ascend the vacant throne of
the Grand Duke of TUSCANY ? What was the
avowed design of the EMPEROR'S General when
marching upon Milan and meditating in the saddle
his famous Proclamation ?—that illusory Procla-
mation promising, in express terms, the liberation
of Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic, and then
almost immediately afterwards dashing down to
dust the high hopes raised by that superb promise,
dashing them down to the very dust by the miser-
able compromise of Villafranca ? W hat was the
EMPEROR's project, even then, in his better mo-
ments, in regard to the future of the Roman
Peninsula ? What but the now almost
forgotten scheme of an Italian Confederation ! And
the meaning of this was clearly enough manifest.
It would have been readily comprehensible in the
simple remembrance that the proposition emanated
from a BONAPARTE. It was as visible and glaring as
the noonday sun when viewed in the light of the then
situation all through that peninsula ! With 20,000
of his MAJESTY'S troops still then (as now) firmly
established in the very midst of Italy, at Rome, on
the vantage ground of the seven hills ! With
Prince NAPOLEON at the head of his division of the
" Grand Army"—in Tuscany ! His Imperial High-
ness having been opportunely allied just before to
the Royal House of Savoy (house of Savoy now
no longer), having taken to wife the young Princess
CLOTILDE, daughter of King VICTOR EMMANUEL
Above all, with his MAJESTY himself yonder in the
north of Italy, upon the plains of Lombardy, as
Commander-in-Chief of a force of 200,000 men, hav-
ing there martialled under his banners the soldiers
not only of France but of Piedmont ! Southwards--
everything then to hope for, in the interests of
MURAT, through the paralysis fallen upon the BOUR-
BON rule, and through the consequent certainty that
there too would be empty shoes for another Imperial
Highness, there too would be a vacant throne for
another dear cousin to ascend as Sovereign. Why
in the glare of the light of that the then situation
of affairs in Italy, the real meaning of the Italian
Confederation talked of by NAPOLEON 111. was
perfectly obvious. It meant a snug family party
at the council board of that proposed Confedei ation
—under the nominal Presidency (just to keep up
appearances and to hoodwink the -Ultra-
moutanists) under the nominal Presidency of the
POPE, but under the real presidency of ihe Head
of the Family, his disinterested Majesty NAPO-
LUM 111. That magnificent Liberator of Italy
who had gone forth to accomplish the work of
her Liberation, affecting all the chivalrous mag-
nallil%Pf Dort QUIXOTE but who returned from
the labour
of its only partial achievement with the
purloined fealty of Savoy and Nice slipped into
his pocket With an adroitness worthy of " One of
Mr. FAGIN'S lade," CHARLEY BATES, or the Artful
Dolger.

The ignominious dis, .
thePPointrnent of
MAJESTY'S hopes aboutall his
Confederation,
the futility of all his indirect Italiant
(Prince
to establish
one of his Lupo-jai Cousins
another
AroLEoN)
Two
sieir(Prinee
on the throne of Tuscany, and
MURAT) on the throne of the
oriZtibie
-wonderful simplification of the whole
complex problem of Italian Liberation by
the merging of all the various vacated
States Lombardy, Parma, Modena, Tus-
vany, the Legations, the Two Sicilics—into one

Sovereignty under the chieftainship of the Be
Galantuomo : events, results, world-famous occur-
rences like these account quite simply and compre-
hensibly for the sullen silence and apparent impas-
sibility with which that enigmatic EMPEROR at
the Tuileries has been looking on all this while at
the progress of affairs in Italy—in point of fact,
ever since his interview with the young Kaiser at
Villafranca. Hence GARIBALDI was left absolutely
to shift for himself when he went
across with his little phalanx from Genoa to
Marsala! The very Sovereign for whose advan-
tage that heroic adventurer was imperilling his
life, and far more than his life in his own estima-
tion, the hopes that had so long gladdened it—
VICTOR EMMANUEL himself, for the extension of
whose dominions GARIBALDI was thus audaciously
daring Fortune and tempting his Destiny—the
King of SARDINIA, King of LOMBARDY, King of
ITALY, as he teas to be in the hereafter,
was withheld by the same Napoleonian in-
fluences until success was achieved, from any
overt complicity in GARIBALDI'S matchless
enterprize. GARIBALDI, at any rate, thereby
winning for himself the additional and supreme
glory of being able to say with CORIOLANUS,
" Alone I did it !" Hence, likewise, in subjection
to the same influences, the Siege of Gaeta was
prolonged, and prolonged far beyond the
period to which there was any need for
its being extended. NAPOLEON 111., dis-
appointed in his original designs, disgusted at
the manifest impracticability of inducting his
relations into Italy, there to settle them down com-
fortably into a Prenchified Italian Confederation
all this while past—would—and yet would not !
His MAJESTY'S emotions, by the way, must have
been rather peculiar we should imagine all this
while—during those marvellous deeds of daring
done by GARIBALDI and during the consequent
expansion of VICTOR EMMANUEL'S dominion, down-
wards from the southern borders of his new province
of Lombardy, through Tuscany, through Parma,
through Modena, down to the extremest tip of the
toe of that more than Seven Leagued Boot of Italy.
Since Mr: ROEBUCK blurted out that remark
the; other day down at Sheffield, his argument
has been rather ludicrously corroborated
ludicrously, we say, because we cannot induce our-
selves to look upon what we here refer to, seriously
—namely, by the publication of that preposterous
letter from the Prince LUCIEN MURAT to "Dear
Duke" Somebody trying to coax the Nea-
politans over to himself by a grand Muratist
Counter-Revolution ! This wonderful little, by-
the-way-Manifesto has, we are quite aware,
since its appearance, been formally repu-
diated by the French Imperial Government. Of
course, we all know what that meant ! It had
fallen a dead letter—or rather in the midst of an
explosion of laughter—and therefore it has been
repudiated. But—supposing it had succeeded ! had
given evidence, sooner or later, of succeeding, of
firing the train and producing eventually the grand
and triumphant explosion of a Muratist counter-
revolution ! Ah !—then we should have had a
quiet reference to " the inexorable logic of events."
What a pity it is that—in the Napoleonian sense—
events are sometimes so illogical and inconsequent.

The American newspapers and correspondence,
if they do not materially differ from the telegrams,
give some rather curious views of the working of
things in the two Confederations. Mr. LINCOLN'S
difficulties appear to be increased by the danger of
division among his own party. There is on the
one hand the large majority of honest Free-Boilers,
who will hear of no compromise or half measures.
They elected Mr. LINCOLN to fight to the last the

battle with the Slaveholders, and any sign 01

weakness or hesitation on the part of their leader
will quite cool their zeal, and induce them, at the
elections for Congress, to vote for representatives who
would not support anything like a trimming poliey.
New Hampshire has just held her election of
members for Congress, the Governor and other
officials; and though the Republicans had a ma-
jority of 3,500, yet this was a reduction from one
of 9,000 at the last election. This was due, it
seems, almost entirely to the rumour that the
Government would probably withdraw its troops
from Fort Sumter; the news had not spread abroad
much, or it is even thought that the Republicans
would have been beaten. If feeling was so strong
in this quiet old-fashioned little State, we may
expect that it will be difficult indeed to deal with

in the newer, and to use their own phrase, more
" go-a-head" Northern States.

It is not, however, easy to see how Mr. LINCOLN
can retain Fort Sumter. The seventy defenders
must soon be starved out, if supplies be not sent
them ; and the Carolinians have erected, it appears,

such powerful well-armed batteries on the shores
of the harbour which surround the Island, that the
Fort, strong as it is, could not long hold out
against a general attack ; neither could any hostile
force, without heavy loss, march upon the batteries
in order to relieve the Fort. It seems to be quite
certain that if all the army of the United States
were to attack the shore batteries, as must now
be done to accomplish anything effectual, it would
be not half large enough for the purpose. Mr.
LINCOLN'S most Republican supporters will there-
fore be unreasonable indeed if they quarrel with
him. The BUCHANAN conspiracy, going on for a
long time while he was a mere powerless President
elect, has placed him in his present situation ; and,
mortifying as it must be to see the brave Major
ANDERSON and his brave little band so deserted,
the blame rests with BUCHANAN and his Cabinet,
wholely and solely. Even on this side the water
we can be sure of that ; and, cordially sympa-
thising with the position of the brave men in Fort
Sumter, we can hardly wish Mr. LINCOLN to
be guilty of what must be useless bloodshed in
a vain attempt to relieve it. To feed,
however, the discontent of the ardent Republicans,
there appear to be also a host, numbered by thou-
sands, of disappointed aspirants to office. The
well-known and corrupt system of the States
being to turn all the servants of the State, down
to the village post-master, out of office, when a
new President has been elected by the party
opposed to that which gave them their appoint-
ments, Mr. LINCOLN, has, it is therefore to be
feared, much difficulty before him in keeping his
own party together.
He will have difficulty also, in all probability,
of a serious character, in regard to finances,
Hitherto, with the exception of land-sales, almost
the entire revenue of the Federal Government has
been raised by Customs. These must, it would
seem, produce but little as things now stand.
The unsettled state of politics alone acts as a dis-
couragement to trade. Our own exports to the
States were in consequence very much reduced last
year. This year it is likely they will be still
smaller. The new protective tariff of the North
can hardly fail to diminish the importations to a far
greater extent than the advance in duties will
compensate. Besides, in all probability New
Orleans chiefly, and the other Southern ports in
their measure, will attract by their lowered tariff
the consignments which might otherwise have been
made to New York or Boston. Even•the tributaries
Of the Mississippi may be made subservient to the
object intoof
carrying the North-west States
,of

the Union the goods which have entered at
New Orleans by the lower tariff of the South.
Indeed any policy more suicidal on the part of the
North, than sending over to Europe and England
a hostile and most intricate and perplexing tariff,
at the very same time as the Southern States send
us one of the greatest simplicity, and constructed
for Revenue purposes only, can hardly be conceived.
It remains to be seen what chance the Government
has of negotiating its new loan of twenty-four
million dollars, on the faith of such a foolish, selfish,
protectionist tariff.

On the other hand, all is not quite bright for
the South. It has not been ascertained that any
part of their loans hitherto authorised have been
taken up. Even Southerners themselves, if they
have money to spare, a rather rare case, do not
like lending it to a Government composed half of
repudiation States, and headed by a President
trained in that School. Their revenues, too, are yet
to be collected, their trade to be almost created,
and money does not like to trust itself on such
chances. It turns out also that there is an anti-
Secessionist party in the South, so strong that the
leaders of the movement have not ventured to
appeal yet to the people except indirectly. They
appropriated about £lOO,OOO belonging to the
Federal Government in Louisiana, and are busying
themselves in raising and equipping soldiers, but
between their party divisions and want of money,
they, though acting with more decision, may soon
become as much embarrassed as Mr. LINCOLN and
the Republicans in the North.

In such a complication of circumstances, predic-
tion is useless. The high probability of the seces-
sion becoming a permanent one, increases, but no
one can foresee the effect of the inconveniences
which both parties will soon feel. England can
have but one wish,—that civil war should be avoided,
and that the slave trade should not be re-opened.
The last, indeed, ought to be a sane qua non of our
acknowledging the new Confederation. At present
the South is playing a thoroughly hypocritical and
politic part on that subject. The Gulf States
would like to re-open the trade, but they want
to purchase the Border States, by offering them
the profitable trade of breeding negroes for their
plantations ! Should the latter join the North, the
South will resort to Africa, if England permits it.

PONTIUS PILATE 11. has proceeded to judgment.
The Bishop of POICTIERS is now at his mercy. A
decree has issued which, "considering" one cir-
cumstance and law after another, thus concludes—
" And, whereas, according to the terms of the
Declaration of 1682, it is a fundamental maxim in
the French law That the Chief of the Church, and
the Church itself, have only received power over
spiritual things, and not over civil temporalmatters;'
that, consequently, the pastoral letters which
bishops may address to the faithful of their
diocese must only have for object to instruct them
in their religious duties ;
" Whereas, the Bishop of POICTIERS, by his
pastoral letter of Feb. 22 last, took on himself to
censure the policy and to criticise the acts of our
Government ;

" Considering that the said pastoral letter also
contains an offence against our person, and makes
remarks calculated to alarm the religious belief of
our Catholic subjects;
" Considering that these facts constitute an excess
of power, a contravention of the laws of the empire,
and a proceeding which might arbitrarily disturb
the conscience of citizens ;
" Our Council of State having been heard,
"We have decreed and do hereby decree as
follows :

" Art. 1. There is an abuse in the pastoral letter
of the Bishop of POICTIERS of Feb. 22, 1861.'

" The said pastoral letter is and remains sup
pressed."

At first sight the reader would think the con-
clusion of this solemn document rather a feeble one
—a ridicules mus from the mons parturzens.
What can the Bishop of POICTIERS care for the
suppression of the pastoral after it has done all the
mischief he meant it to do ? And as to the legal
offence of an " abuse," he must, we may suppose,
laugh heartily at the verdict ; he meant that the
pastoral should be an abuse of his spiritual position
to a secular purpose; and the decree seems, there-
fore, only to proclaim his triumph.
But we must not conclude too hastily. The actual
punishment is light enough, but the laws cited are
the sting of the degree. The " offence against the
person," which may be supposed to be that of
rebaptising the Emperor with the name of the
Roman Governor, may be punished by a fine of from
500 to 10,000 francs, with imprisonment from six
months to Ave years ! The publishing of a pastoral,
in which shall be inserted any censure or criticism
on the Government, subjects the offender to banish-
ment. The decree therefore pretty plainly, by
referring explicitly to these paragraphs of the penal
code, tells the Bishop that he is liable to all these
serious consequences, if the Government sees fit to
bring them down on his head. The Bishop is told
that he lies at the mercy of the man whom he has
reviled.

What is the most remarkable of all to English-
men is, that the law under which the pastoral is
pronounced an abuse, was one made during the
time when democracy had even abolished the Chris-
tian era! It is dated 18th Germinal An 10! and,
amongst other vague offences, was specified
that of " arbitrarily disturbing the conscience of the
citizens." Under such a law religious liberty is
obviously impossible. Who shall say what is an
arbitrary attempt to disturb conscience, and what
a reasonable one ? Every Religious Reformer
must have but a poor chance indeed, if he belonged
to the higher order of ecclesiastics against whom
the law is directed. Our Puseyites on the one
hand, and Essayists and Reviewers on the other,
would be rather hard put to it to show that they
had not needlessly caused the good people some
little perturbation. However, we manage these
things better in England, and hope we ever shall.
Rude abuse of the Sovereign, under the garb of
religion, would in England need no legal punish-
ment.

We are glad to learn (says the Cheltenham
Examiner) that his Grace the Duke of Beaufort is now in
a fair way of recovery from his recent severe affliction. His
grace is now able to take carriage airing, and it is confidently
hoped that he will soon be equal to horse exercise, to which
he is well known to be so devotedly attached.
The Right Hon. B. Disraeli and Mrs. Disraeli
have passed through town from South Wales, where they
have been on a visit to Lord and Lady Tredegar, for Wim-
pole, Cambridgeshire.
The Duke de Modena is about to leave Vienna
for Venetia. General Cabrera, Count de Morera, has ar-
rived in the Austrian capital from Modena.
of next
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leisure from Trieste, and is expected in Paris on Saturday
next, where
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Lady Elgin will
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T meeting
of
.the executive committee was held on Tuesday, at the offices,
5, Guildhall-chambers—The Rev. W. H. Bonner in the
chair. Mr. Whitehurst, Mr. Bontems, Mr. S. Nodes, Mr.
Man, Mr. EH) &C., were present. The following subscrip-
tions were announced, amongst others : —A. IV. Daulton,
;J. Cunningham, Brentford, 2s. ;W. F. Delarue;
ls. ; Sir W. Atherton, M.P., 10s. ; C. Cooke, Newport,
Isle of Wight, ; Mr. Sergeant Parry, £3 3s. ; Rev. W.
H. Bonner, 53.; James Wrigley, Bury, £2; T. Wrigley,
Bury, £2 2s. ; T. 13azley, M.P., £3 3s. (additional) ; 20
workmen in the employ cf Mr. Ephraim Helium, Stock-
port, Xi. J. W. Probyn, Esq., London, was elected a mem-
ber of the council. Reports relating to movements in the
ballot in the several constituencies of Cat lisle, Oxford,
Abingdon, and Lewis, were received, and directions giyea,
to aid the local friends in their movements,

LATurr,
NE -1.v‘,1

TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.

TURIN, APRIL 4.

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
the discussion on the affairs of Naples was con-
tinued.

Signor Ferrari spoke in favour of the autonomy
of Naples. (Marks of disapprobation.) He eulo-
gised Garibaldi, and proposed that he should be ap-
pointed Governor of the Southern Provinces.
Signor Scialoja refuted the arguments of Signor
Ferrari.

The Marquis Pepoli said, that Murat was the first
to proclaim in 1815 the independence,and unity of
Italy.

The discussion will be continued to-morrow.
Garibaldi is still indisposed, and has not yet been
present at the sittings of the Chamber.

VIENNA, FRIDAY.

On the occasion of the opening of the Austrian
Diet to-morrow the members will proceed to the
Cathedral of St. Stephen, where a religious cere-
mony will be performed, after which the formal
opening will take place in the Hall of Assembly.
The last sitting of the present Council of Munici-
pality was held yesterday. The sitting was a public
one.

PARIS, FRIDAY.

The Paris papers publish a telegram, dated Con-
stantinople, 4th April, stating that the Porte had
addressed a memorandum to the Representatives of
the Powers, announcing the blockade of the
Adriatic coast on the side of Montenegro.
The Report of the proceedings of the Interna-
tional Commission at Beyrout had been received at
Constantinople.
The Report indicates dissension among the
members.

COPENHAGEN, MARCH 4.

The official Departonents Tidende publishes the
report of the. President of the Council to the King
in reference to the affair of the budget, giving a
historical outline of that question.
The following is a summary of the report :
On the Ist March the great Powers insisted that
the budget should be submitted to the Estates of
Holstein.

The Danish Government replied on March 4
that Article 13 of the provisional constitution of
Holstein contained the budget.

On the 15th and 19th March the Government
sent instructions to the royal commissioner at the
Diet of Itzehoe, ordering him to explain clearly to
the Estates the bearing of Article 13 on the ques-
tion of the budget.
On the 24th March the Government gave in-
structions to the commissioner to declare to the
Estates that Article 13 of the provisional constitu-
tion gives to the Estates the opportunity of voting
on, accepting, rejecting, or amending the budget,
even if they should reject all the other articles of
the provisorium.
On the 25th March the Government forwarded
fresh instructions to the commissioner to declare to
the Estates that by Article 13 of the provisorium
the Diet was rendered, quite as competent on that
question as if the budget itself were submitted to it.
Notwithstanding these instructions, however,
the royal commissioner declared his inability to
give a distinct, reply to the interpellation on that
question. On the 27th March Lord Wodehouse
declared to the Danish ambassador at London that
he understood and approved the views of the
Danish Government, according to which Article 13
of the provisorium sufficiently provided for the
communication of the budget to the Estates.
Lord Wodehouse also declared that reply
to the interpellation of Lord Ellenborough was to
the same effect.

ITZEHOE, APRIL 4.

In to-day's sitting of the Estates the Govern-
ment commissioner declared that documents relat-
ing to the finances would be submitted to the Estates
by Government. He said the Estates never had
the right of giving a definitive vote on the budget
either of Holstein or ,the whole monarchy. The
committee will make a report on this communica.
tion to-morrow.

RALISCII, APRIL 3 (Evening.)

The disturbances continue.

Crowds are assembling at the frontier station for
the purpose of making an insulting demonstration
(Katzenmusik) against M. Szcypiorni, the director.
The windows of his house were smashed by the
people. It is said that orders have arrived to sup-
press tie disorders by military force if necessary.:

WARSAW, APRIL 4.

Great agitation has been produced here in con•
sequence of a manifesto published by the governor,
and a speech recently made by him.

The citizens agreed to wear the deepest mourning.
The persons intrusted with the duty of main-
taining public order returned their cards of office
as constables to the authorities.

A great number of the members of the delegation
of citizens declare themselves willing to tender their

resignation.

Count Wielopoiski having made urgent represen-
tations to the Prince Governor on the critical state
of things, Prince Gortschakoff published a second
address, which had the effect of trantquilising the
public mind.

As, however, the agitation has much increased
within the last 24 hours, the governor has taken
the necessary measures to meet all eventualities.

PESTH, APRIL 4.

The Emperor has decided that the Diet is to be
opened at Buda, whence it will be immediately
transferred to Pesth.

Count Apponyi has been appointoil to open the

Diet.

BERNE, APRIL 4.

The majority of the Piedmontese commission
charged to examine the project of a railway through
the Alps
which separate Italy from Switzerland
have voted in favour of cutting the tumnel through
the Luckmanier. The minority were for cutting it
through the Splugen. In consequence of this de-
cision the Bundner Oberland has votool 1,000,000 fr.
towards the construction of a line of raiLtway through
the Luckrnanier.

BOMBAY, :MARCH 12.
The Bishop of Madras died at Madras on the
4th inst.

Sir Robert Napier has met with a serious acci-
dent by the fall of his horse.
There is no news of importance.

more buoyancy, although the amount of business
still continues very limited. For the Account,
Threes are now at 67f 65c. Railways quiet, but
firm. The following were the last quotations :-
4t per per Cents ... 94 95 Credit Foncier
Do. end month.... 93 Belgian 4f lOO4
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 651 Roman
Bank Shares 2892 501 Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 643 7.5
_Spanish Threes 47 75
Do. Account 645 —; Home Debt

LITERATURE.

Ten "ear's iVanderinps among the Ethioinans.
By Thomas T. Hutchinson, F.R.G,S. Hurst
and Blackett. •

It is an old saying that you cannot wash the
Ethiopian white, and Mr. Hul-thicson's ten years
experiences among cur sable brethren show that in
spite of Exeter Hall enthusiasm and negro worship,
the inhabitants of Western Africa may be consi-
dered almost as a connecting link between the
human race and the Gorillas and Ourang Oatang.
We do not deny that they are human or that they
are capable of civilisation, but it will be a work of
time, and centuries must elapse before the man-
eating savage of fiery Africa can take his stand
as a respectable neighbour to the rest of
the world The author of ?be-e pages
not draw his concluious from the accounts of
others, but states what he has himself seen, and
those who peruse his experiences among the savages
will be able to understand what are the trials to
which the missionaries are subjected among the
heathens in Africa. Cannibalism seems to be pre-
valent to an extent which it is impossible to con-
ceive throughout the entire slave district. Mr.
Hutchinson states that he has seen dried human
flesh exposed for sale in the markets, and that it is
the custom to eat prisoners taken in battle ; likewise,
that when any individual is executed, whether for
crime committed or for any religious ceremony, the
head of the victim is the perquisite of the execu-
tioner, and the body is divided among the poor.
(This is at least economy.) The author was an
eye witness to the execution of a prisoner, being
concealed in a shed adjoining the place of exe-
cution. We give his own words to describe the
transaction :

As the juju butcher stepped back and measured his dis-
tance to make an effectual swoop at his victim's neck the
man moved not a muscle, but stood as if he were uncon-
scious—till— •

Chop ! the first blow felled him to the ground. The
noise of a chopper falling on meat is familiar to most people.
No other sound was here—none from the man, not a whis-
per nor a murmur from those who were seated about ! I
was nearly crying out in mental agony, and the sound of
that first stroke will haunt my ears to my dying day. How
I wished some one to talk or scream, to destroy the impres-
sion of that fearful hough, and the still more awful silence
that followed it. Again the weapon was raised to continue
the decapitation—another blow as the man lay prostrate,
and then a sound broke the silence! But, oh, Father of
Mercy of what kind was that noise—a gurgle and gasp
accompanying the dying spasm of the struck-down man.
Once more the weapon was lifted—l saw the blood flow
in gory horror down the blade to the butcher's hands,
and there it was visible in God's bright sunshine to
the whole host of heaven. Not a word had yet been
uttered by the crowd. More chopping and cleav-
ing, and the head, severed from the body, was put,
by the ju-ju executioner, into a calabash, which was
carried off by one of his women to be cooked. He
then repeated another cabalistic word, or perhaps the same
as at first, and directly all who were seated rose up, whilst
he walked away. A yell, such as reminded me of a com-
pany of tigers, arose from the multitude—cutlasses were
flourished as they crowded round the body of the dead
man—sounds of cutting and chopping arose amidst the
clamour of the voices, and I began to question myself
whether if I were on the other side of the river Styx, I
should see what I was looking at here through the little
slit in the wall of my hiding-place ? A crowd of human
vultures gloating over the headless corse of a murdered
trother negro—boys and girls walking away from the
crowd, holding pieces of bleeding flesh in their hands,
while the dripping life fluid marked their road as they went
a10,,g ; and one woman snapping from the hands of another
—both of them raising their voices in clamour—a part of
the body of that poor man, in whom the breath of life was
vigorous net a quarter of an hour ago
The whole of the body was at last divided, and nothing
left behind but the blood. The intestines were taken away
to be given to an iguana—the Bonnyman's tutelary guar-
dian.

Throughout the entire work Mr. Hutchinson carries
the reader along with him, his writing is so earnest
and truthful that even in the most revolting reve-
lations of barbaric cruelty we feel that the thing
is described as it happened, however how hor
rible, and feel convinced that truth is stranger
than fiction. Mr. Hutchinson's wanderings took
him through various states, the peculiarities of the
inhabitants of which he describes, but on the whole
he considers the negro race, in spite of what is
maintained by the " Nigger Worshippers,"
as an inferior class of humanity ; and
strongly as we condemn slavery in all its forms
we cannot but admit that, of all classes of the
human species, the negroes are the only ones
who would submit to become marketable
articles. The Australian savage is set down by
ethnologists as the lowest caste of humanity, but
against his will work he will not. He may he
tortured to death, but, like the American Indian,
he maintains his right to conduct his own actions,
and to be ruled by no man. Not so the negro ;
and say what philosophers may, for the present at
least, the mark of Cain is indelibly imprinted on
the race. Mr. Hutchinson gives some amusing
pictures of African life, and throughout the narra-
tive the interest never flags.

Lectures. By William Longman. Bvo. pp. 248.
Longman and Company.
_ _ _

Already these remarkable contributions to our
national history have attained the magnitude of a
goodly volume—a volume evidencing considerable
research and persevering industry on the part of
their Author-Lecturer. Mr. Longman has now
brought down his narrative of the earlier annals of
England to the close of the reign of the Third
Henry. His third lecture comprises within it. in
fact, a comprehensive -el Lulu Vl Liia wiwle of the
Tienry 111. from Anno Domini 1216
to Anno Domini 1272—fifty-six years altogether.
As with its predecessors the present lecture is an
expansion of what was originally delivered (26th
October 1860) before Chorleywood Association.
The letterpress is embellished with a map of
France, showing the possessions conquered to Eng-
land in that country, and is farther interspersed
with a variety of curious woodcut illustrations.
As an admirable example of the lucidity of the
style in which Mr. Longman lectures to the Chor-
leywood Association, we give the following sum-
may of Henry the Third's character :

51U'
sk,

THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1881.