The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-17 00:00:00

T "

This noble building being now completed, its architectural
beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting
render it one of the sights of the metropolis. Open Every
Evening. The programme is varied, and includes Selections
(by a full company of principals, powerful band, and chorus)
from " Macbeth" and "Un Ballo in Maschera." both operas
by Verdi, the composer of the day—The wonderful Solos on
the Cornet-a-Piston of the renowned LEVY—Scotch Duets by
the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music
of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The
Comic portion of the entertainment is supported by Miss
Green, Messrs. Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the Nerves),
W. H. Wieland, E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Admission,
sixpence; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private
Boxes, 105. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, Bh. 54m.—Afternoon, 9h. 30m.
To-moßnow.-Morning, 10h. 14m.—Afternoon, 10h. 48m.

THE WEATHER.-SUN 01710 E, JULY 17, 1861.

THERMOMETER, IN THE MIMI.
74—highest since noon yesterday.
52—lowest this morning and during the night.
70—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.98.

WlND—Westerly; light, with:fme sunshiny weather.

We are to be tantalized to the last about the
PRESIDENT'S Message. Until Mr. BUCHANAN'S
last, when disruption began to loom ahead, a Pre-
sident's Message was rarely of more consequence
than a message from his Prussian MAJESTY; but
in that, and in Mr. LINCOLN'S first and last, we
have all of course felt a deep interest. And now,
first a vessel sails just a day too soon ; and next, the
vessel sails on the day after—but, of all mishaps in
the world, the telegraph wires between New York
and Troy are burned, and we are again cheated of
full particulars
Such as we have corroborate the views we.
expressed yesterday that the Americans would
prefer Customs duties to direct taxation.
We read of a heavy duty on coffee, sugar,
and molasses. Tea, most convenient for taxa-
tion, is omitted, perhaps in deference to
tradition, and tobacco is omitted also, probably to
keep the peace with the smokers and—spitters.
But we shall soon know more about it. A light
direct taxation is recommended, a loan is to do the
rest. It remains to be seen whether the Secretary
of the Treasury's plan will be adopted. The PRESI-
DENT has asked for a good round sum-580,000,000.
Of this he proposes to raise £32,000,000 by taxa-
tion, and £48,000,000 by loan, probably repayable
-within a limited period. He will not find this too
according to our experience, for the four
hundred thousand men whom he demands. If he
gets off with £2OO a man in such a war,
we shall have to ask him to give our
War-Office a lesson in economy. He is
probably quite right in his leading concep-
tion. Now that the war has begun, the cheapest
thing the North can do is to display an overwhelm-
ing force, though with a thousand miles of southern
frontier, from Missouri to the /Want'
to guard or
to advance on, the number is not at all too large.
We have just seen that he has work in the far
west and on the Mississippi, as well as on the Bay
of Chesapeake and at Washington.

From the brief military announcements, the
Federalists appear to have the best of it. A minor
division of the rebels has been routed in
Western Virginia. For what purpose they
had gone to that part of Virginia which
has seceded from the State—whether for military
reasons, or to punish the Western Virginians for
seceding from the State to the Union—we do not
yet know. It is satisfactory, however, to know,
that they were routed. Large bodies of Federal
troops continue to cross the Potomac. And as
General M'CLELLAND, said to be one of their most
energetic commanders, is coming up from the West,
the rebels must either retreat or fight. As they
have some strongly fortified positions and powerful
batteries at Manassas Junction (of the Railroad),
and at Fredericksburg, neither of them far from
the Potomac and Washington, they may perhaps
resist. Much, however, will depend on whether
Generals APCLELLAND and BUTLER are in strength
nfficient to threaten their communications from
the West and East, respectively.

. _
At Richmond itself, the capital of Virginia,
where the rebel Government sits, the fortifi-
cations are now strong, several batteries having
been constructed round the city. A letter from
that city by a hearty Southerner, dated the 22d of
June, says '—`` For some reason or another General
SCOTT does not seem hasty in the carrying oat of his
programme. Richmond was to have been taken about
this time, but the delay of the Federal forces in
marching upon it has rather strengthened the hands
of the Confederate Government, and rendered its
capital less liable to assault. War preparations go on
here incessantly. Notwithstanding the slight con-
*fusion attendant upon the removal of the Govern.
mint to Richmond, the great object of supplying,

requipping, and despatching troops to various
points has proceeded with the utmost regularity. In
and around this city is concentrated a force of fully
20,000 men ; while volunteers from the interior are
continually arriving, who are despatched with as
little delay as possible to the seat of war. Not-
withstanding the immense number of soldiers con-
tinually in the streets, and enjoying themselves in
the bars of the hotels, the greatest order prevails.
Indeed, I have not seen anything bordering upon a
riot since my arrival ; and the only precaution
taken by the military authorities is that of obliging
places of refreshment to be closed at 10 o'clock p.m.
All this does not look as if the rebel army intended
to walk out as the Federalists walked in.

These last accounts will, however, lead us to
watch every arrival now with deep solicitude.
Though nothing particular may occur soon, and
General SCOTT may continue to preserve the Fabian
policy, yet there are symptoms that more decisive
action may be at hand. And, where so much
depends on maintaining popular enthusiasm,
it
may be necessary to do something to sustain it.
The rumours of proposals of compromise and peace
have quite died away, and there will, to all
appearances, be no settlement now, but one made
sword in hand.

The illustrious and venerable Prince ADAM
CZARTORYSKI is no more. His Highness expired on
Monday at his residence in Paris at the patriarchal
age of 91. In the person of this aged Prince there
has passed away
one of the most interesting his-
torical characters of an age now almost obliterated
from living recollection. The span of this pro-
tracted life extended over the chief part of one
entire century. Beginning on the fourteenth of
January, 1770, it has terminated only on the
fifteenth of July, 1861. Between these widely
separated epochs what a multitude of astounding
events had not this exiled Patrician witnessed ! Re-
volution upon revolution. The configuration of the
various countries of Europe fluctuating like the
coloured patterns seen through the tube of a kalei-
doscope. The dire crash at Paris in 1789 when
the throne of the Bourbons fell in a ruin
so overwhelming that it brought down with it the
whole social fabric as well—prostrating in the dust
the altars of GOD together with the shattered frag-
ments of the entire machinery of the political
Government. Crash after crash afterwards like the
reverberations of the same stupendous ruin resound-
ing over Europe, the Polish Exile perceived, in his
time, as the years advanced. He saw as a contempo-
rary and not as an obscure contemporary—for he was
Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs on the death
of PAUL by assassination and the accession of
ALEXANDER—he observed as a contemporary the
whole wonderful career from beginning to end
of that modern CESAR, SESOSTRIS, CHAIM E -
MAGNE—the Great NAPOLEON. Born him-
self hardly five months after NAP 0 -
LEON—Prince ADAM may literally be said to
have observed the rise of that extraordinary being
to power from its very commencement. Witness-
ing his fall in 1814 to Elba, and in 1815 to St.
Helena. Remembering the first tidings of his
death in 1821—and yet surviving him by as many
as forty years afterwards, in point of fact more than
a complete generation. It was not only that Prince
ADAM CZARTORYSKI witnessed the whole of the
great French Revolution, the whole of the Revolu-
tion, and, together with that, watched the whole
marvellous career of the Child of the Revolution—
this exiled Pole marked the passage likewise of all
the subsequent Revolutions that have con-
vulsed the nations of Christendom, He
witnessed the bouleversement of July in 1830,
and that of February in 1848. He sur-
vived not only to witness the restoration of the
Napoleonian Empire, but to live through nearly one
entire decade of the reign of NAPOLEON 111. But
most memorable to all, to Prince CZARTORYSKI—
he took an active part himself, in his early youth,
in the heroic struggle for the liberation of Poland,
led on by the immortal Kosciumo—and he yet lived
to witness, as a profoundly sympathising spectator,
the triumphant vindication, under the leadership
of GARIBALDI, of the kindred cause of Italian Inde-
pendence.

The personal history of Prince ADAM CZARTO-
RYSKI reads moreover, in a great measure, like a
romance. After the failure of KOSCIUSKO'S
attempt to liberate Poland and the Poles
from the thraldom of the Russian autocracy,
after the final partition and definitive subjugation
of the ancient Polish Kingdom in 1795, he and his
brother weze sent as hostages by order of the Em-
press CATHARINE to the new Muscovite capital of
St. Petersburg. There his chivalrous and noble
character appears to have exercised a peculiar fas-
cination over the then Archduke afterwards the
Czar, as BYRON dubbed him " the coxcomb Czar"
ALEXANDER. Their fortunes were thenceforth
knit together for a long while closely by the bonds
of an intimate friendship. Inasmuch that, as
already remarked incidentally, upon the young
Emperor's sudden accession to the throne of his
murdered father, the Polish Prince (his Friend)
became Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs. His
retirement from this difficult and to him
exquisitely delicate and responsible post only
took place, in fact, subsequently to the sign-
ing, in 1805, of the treaty between England and
Russia—a treaty to which the Polish exile, in
his character as Russian Minister, had to affix
his signature. Withdrawn from office, he was
yet closely connected with the court and staff of the
Czar ALEXANDER—accompanying the Russian
EMPEROR in 1805 through the brief but wonder-
fal campaign of Austerlitz. Subsequently, how-
ever, the friendly alliance that took place between
NAPOLEON and ALEXANDER, consequent upon
their meeting upon the raft at Tilsit, drove Prince
ADAM for awhile altogether from public life. His
return to it taking place in 1812, when the
modern XERXES, with an army far more nume-
rous and resplendent than that of XERXES, ad-
vanced upon Russia to meet there at the very climax
of victory, in the very plenitude of NAPOLEON'S
power—a fate as disastrous and as overwhelming
as that which befel the Persian Conqueror.
Finally, in 1814, Prince CZARTORYSKI, still accom-
panying the Emperor ALEXANDER, entered Paris
in the train of the Allies. The year afterwards,
the year of Waterloo, he was nominated
and installed as a Senator Palatine for the Polish
Kingdom—still existing in name—as the ghost of
its former self. After events are more immediately
within recollection, and need not here consequently
be enumerated. Enough if we recall to mind for
one instant, in passing, the interesting historical fact
that upon the occasion of the Polish Revolution of
1830—Prince ADAM CZARTORYSKI was appointed
President of the Provisional Government. As such
he convened the Diet to meet in that year on the
18th of December—being placed by the nation on
the 30th of the following January at the Head of
the National Government. That glorious daydream
proved alas ! to be but a fugitive illusion.
compelled to resign his post, as KOSSUTH had
to do nearly twenty years afterwards in Hungary
—as KOSSUTH then did, so likewise Prince
ADAM (a score of years earlier) fought
like a common soldier in the ranks during
the last struggles of the discomfited Revolution.
,Escaping to Paris, he has ever since then resided

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THE SUN.
1 LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 1861.