The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 1, 1861.

pointment was, however, experienced, and we be-
lieve shared in by the men, that no blank ammu-
nition was served out, and that consequently no
firing took place. The movements were, therefore,
confined to battalion drill, chiefly forming squares
to receive cavalry, marching in colunin, line, and
eschelon, and other field evolutions, and marching
past at the quick and the double, skirmishing, and
light infantry exercise. Colonel M'Murdo compli-
mented the men on the way in which they per-
formed one movement, which, even in regiments of
the line, was looked upon as most difficult, that of
forming square on the two centre sub-divisions, and
also the noble lord their commander on the clear
and distinct manner in which he gave the words
of command.

On Wednesday last a match took place at Plum-
stead between 10 men of the London Rifle Brigade
and 10 of the First Surrey Rifles. The distances
were 200, 500, and 600 yards ; five shots at each
range. The total score of the former was 149 points,
and of the latter 147 points.
On the afternoon of Saturday, the 22d current,
the Bth Essex Volunteers went by special train to
Tottenham, and were at the residence of Captain
Commandant Sinclair, under the command of Major
Horatio Love, drawn up in review order, when, in
the presence of a large assemblage, they were by
Miss Campbell presented with a set of colours, the
work of herself and Miss Sinclair.

On Saturday, the 22d ult., about 40 members of

the 2d Administrative Battalion (Hampstead, High-
gate, and Hornsey) met at the Range, Child's-hill,
Hampstead, to compete for a Whitworth rifle, given
by Mr. I. Hoare, and a gold challenge medal given
by Major Wilkinson, to the best shot of the batta-
lion, and a Lancaster rifle, given by the other officers
to the next best shot. Ranges, 200, 400, and 500
yards; five rounds at each. The Whitworth and
medal were won by Sergeant J. Scott (Hamp-
stead), who scored 20 points, and the Lancaster by
Lieut. Holford, who scored 18 points, and won the
tie with Capt. Warner.
The first annual meeting of the Shropshire Rifle
Association took place on Friday in Hawkstone-
park, immediately adjacent to the residence of the
Lord Lieutenant of the county, Viscount Hill. The
locale, whether as regards picturesque beauty or
convenience for rifle practice, can scarcely be
matched in England, and these two causes com-
bined resulted in an enormous gathering both of
volunteers and spectators. Lord Hill had made
ample provision in the way of creature comforts for
the volunteers, &c, No fewer than 1,114 volunteers
were present, of whom 154 were artillery. The re-
mainder were rifles, and the whole were divided
into two battalions. The first, commanded by Lord
Berwick, comprised two companies of artillery and
seven companies of rifles ; the second battalion,
consisting of eight companies of rifles, was com-
manded by Lieut.-Col. Lovett. Lord Hill arrived
on the ground a little before 11 o'clock, dressed in
his uniform as colonel of the North Shropshire
Yeomanry Cavalry, and accompanied by Major
Dick, assistant-inspector of volunteers for the Mid-
land district, Capt. Clement Hill, the Hon. R. C.
Hill, M.P., the Hon. Geoffrey Hill, &c. The volun-

teers went through a series of evolutions in a most
creditable and soldier-like manner, at the conclusion
of which Lord Hill expressed his satisfaction at
having the first meeting of the association in his
park. He was glad to find that Shropshire had
not been behind in the movement. Major Dick
then addressed the volunteers, whom he highly
complimented for the manner in which they had
gone through the various evolutions. Cheers were
then given for Major Dick, Lord Berwick, Lady
Hill, and the ladies of Shropshire, after which the
shooting for prizes commenced. The following
were the chief of these :-Ist Prize.—A purse of
£25 and a Whitworth rifle presented by the late
Lord Berwick for the largest aggregate number of
points made at the respective ranges of 300, 500,
and 600 yards. Won by Corporal Jones, 2d Com-
pany (Market Drayton), 17 points. 2d Prize.—A
purse of £2O and a rifle, presented by Mr. Ebrall,
for the next largest aggregate number of points
made at the above ranges. Won by Private Harper,
2d Company, 16 points. 3d Prize—A pursn of .E2O
and a silver cup, presented by Archdeacon Allen,
for the third largest aggregate number of points
made at the above ranges. Sergeant Roberts, 12th
Company (Wem). 4th Prize—A purse of £2O for
greatest number of points made at 600 yards (win-
ners of any of the foregoing prizes being excluded),
Private Edward Phillips, sen., Ist Company
(Shrewsbury). 9th Prize—A Challenge Cup, value
£5O, open to all corners belonging to or resident in
the county, whether members of volunteer corps or
not ; five rounds ; range, 600 yards. There were
22 competitors, the prize being won by Private
Edward Phillips, sen., Ist company, who made
seven points. The shooting terminated about 7
o'clock, after which the prizes were delivered by
Lord Hill, who addressed a few appropriate re-
marks to each recipient. The day was uncommonly
fine, and the proceedings passed off without the
slightest accident or unpleasantness. Nearly 20,000
persons were present, among whom were the Vis-
countess Hill, Earl Brownlow, Viscount Newport,
M.P., Lord and Lady Henry Thynne, Lady Marian
Alford, &c.

On Thursday the second battalion of the North
York Rifle Volunteers was reviewed on the slope
before the north front of Castle Howard by Major
Harman. The volunteers having been put through
a series of evolutions, were addressed by the re-
viewing officer, who expressed himself gratified to
be able to report favourably of their efficiency to the
Secretary for War. The beautiful day attracted a
vast number of visitors to the park, which has sel-
dom presented a gayer appearance. After review
there was a dance to the music of the bands of the
Ist and 3d companies on the sward in the front of
the castle. It was 9 o'clock ere the bugle sounded
the assembly.
On Wednesday last a match came off between
twelve men of the 4th North Yorkshire (Hang
West) and twelve me❑ of the 12th (Wensleydale)
Volunteers. Ten rounds were fired at 200 yards,
giving an average score for the former of 1275, and
for the latter of 10.66.

The Essex County Rifle Association will hold
its first annual meeting at Southend on Monday,
Aug. 5. The Braintree and Colchester companies
had a shooting match at Wivenhoe in the course of
last week. The ranges were 200, 300, 400, and
600 yards; five shots each; and eight gentlemen
shot on each side. The Braintree competitors made
99 points and the Colchesters 139, being 121 per
man in one case and 177-, per man in the other.
In Lincolnshire two valuable silver cups have been
shot for by the Holland and Lindsey Battalions, the
first competition taking place at Boston and the
second at Lincoln. The cups were given by the
Countess of Yarborough. At Boston the Boston,
Spalding, Holbeach, and Donington companies
competed through a limited number of their best
shots, and the cup was won by Armourer Slingsby,
of the Boston corps; Sergeant Wheeler, of the same
corps, was awarded an Enfield rifle ; and Private
Russell, of the Donington corps, a gold watch. At
Lincoln the range was 300 yards, ten rounds per
man, and the three Lincoln companies, the Market-
Rparsihe
eLwno,2lldeorncastle, Alford, Spilsby, Louth, Grimsby,
and Barton companies were represented. The cup
given by the Countess of Yarborough was won by
,Loifnethelee,3aded Private Lincoln. mrSeirlsgeena,netfAthlearHshearlel.,
of
attßattalion
Horn-
castle astle company, tied with the Doctor, but in shoot-
ing
Theoff
2d
de
suffolproved victorious.
Suffolk
u
Fri-
day in the park of Mr A. Archeaddeeak:ee,ido-fdGa Glevering-
hall, hall, near Wickham•Market,
Long
n; dide
ide
übtys Ca.
rpetes:
The battalion,
de c Haward,iulPierson,
o Hayward,
o, Rouse,ed and' commanded by Capts.
Haward, Pierson, Rouse, and Lon
n Garrett.lom
which mustered in all about 400 Volunteers, was
reviewed by Lieut.-Col. Ibbetson, Inspector of
Volunteers for the Eastern district, and executed in
a creditable style a variety of manoeuvres. At the
close of the movements Lieut. Arcedeckne, in the
name of Mrs. ArcedekLe, presented a silver bugle to
the Glevering company.
On Wednesday and Thursday there was a shoot-
ing match between 113 members of the Norwich,
Aylsham, Dereham, Fakenham, Ilarleston, Holk-
ham, Loddon, Lynn, Reepham, Stalham, Wymond-
ham, and Yarmouth companies, for a number of
prizes provided by subscription. The competitors
fired three shots each range, at 200, 300, 400, 500,

and 600 yards ; and a silver teapot was also shot
for at 700 yards. The first prize of £2O was won
by Captain Holloway, of Holkham.
The Ist Cambridgeshire battalion has been re-
viewed at AVisbech, in the presence of the Earl of
Hardwicke, Lord Royston, and a large number of
the elite of the district. A bazaar was held at
Wisbeach at the same time in aid of the funds of the
battalion, and at the close, on Thursday evening,
the considerable sum of £1,032 had been realised.
The Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, Lady Ag-
neta Yorke, Lord Royston, Mr. Adene, M.P., and
Lady Elizabeth Adene, and the principal families
of the neighbourhood, manifested a warm interest
in the proceedings.
The Northamptonshire Rifle Association will
hold its second annual meeting at Easton, Neston-
park, on Thursday, July 18. A review of the
Northamptonshire corps will be held on the occa-
sion.

unfit a clergyman for the practical duties of a parish
priest; because he is, in fact, in diametrical opposi-
tion to his parishioners with respect to the very
basis of Christianity and the very foundation of
their faith. He is in a false relation to them, which,
whether clearly known by them or not, is a funda-
mental defect in his position ; and if he preaches
openly what he thinks there is no parish in Eng-
land in which he could stay a week.— Times.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE—June 29.

THAMES—EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF AFFILIA-
TION.—Mr. Charles Barnes, a man about- 37 years
of age, married, and the father of six children, ap-
peared before Mr. Woolrych on a summons which
charged him with being the putative father of an
illegitimate male child, and called upon him to show
cause why he should not pay 2s. 6d. per week for
its maintenance, and other expenses.
Mr. Kenealy, LL.D., a barrister, opened the case
for the prosecution. The complainant, Miss Jane
Storey, was a young lady of respectable family and
formerly an assistant to a draper at Sleaford. The
defendant was an inspector of the Derbyshire con-
stabulary stationed at Matlock in that county and
a married man with six children. The defendant
first became acquainted with Miss Storey on the
occasion of his official interference with a case
of shop-lifting at her master's house in Slea-
ford. Miss Storey subsequently paid a visit to the
defendant's wife during her confinement with her
fifth child, and upon that visit, with his wife in the
same house, Mr. Barnes seduced Miss Storey. The
illicit intercourse existed for several years after-
wards at intervals, and Mr. Barnes, forgetting his
vows at the altar and his family duties, frequently
enjoyed himself in the society of Miss Storey. On
the occasion of *the Arboretum fete in the town of
Derby, on the 24th of June, 1860, the gallant in-
spector of police engaged a private room at Mead's
Temperance Hotel, and there Miss Storey visited
him. The result of that interview was the birth of
a male child in Chatham on the 26th of March last.
There was no doubt the defendant was the father of
the child. Mrs. Mead, the landlady of the Tempe-
rance Hotel at Derby, would be called in corrobo-
ration of the complaint. Since the birth of the
child the defendant had used every possible exer-;
tion to induce the mother not to swear it to him )
had sent her three letters, which he (Mr. Kenealy
might have occasion to put in evidence; and bad
used threats, persuasions, and entreaties to induce
her to quit London, and not affiliate the child; and
she was at last so harassed that she was obliged to
leave her apartments. There was no doubt the de-
fendant was the father of the child, and that he was
a police inspector at Matlock, and a married man
with six young children.

The complainant, a ladylike young woman of
considerable personal attractions, said her parents
lived at Sleaford. A tender intimacy commenced
between her and the defendant in 1858, when she
visited his wife. She then confirmed in detail all
the statements made by the learned counsel, and
said she had frequently met the defendant at an
hotel in Derby. The blinds of the room were al-
ways down when they were there. The intercourse
with the defendant continued until February last,
and he said he would support the child when it was
born. Mr. Barnes was the father of the child. She
had received a great many letters from the defen-
dant relative to their connexion. She identified
three letters put into her hands by Mr. Kenealy to
be in defendant's handwriting.
The defendant cross-examined Miss Storey at
great length, and in a most extraordinary manner.
She said, in answer to his questions—My father
first heard of this in March last. At your sugges-
tion I said the child was not yours. I said the father
of it was a commercial traveller. You told me to
say so. My parents believed me. I never told my
parents that you had not, in any instance, acted im-
properly by me. I was confined in my brother's
house at Chatham. I told my brother Edward you
were the father of my child. My brother threat-
ened to write to your wife, and to your chief con-
stable in Derbyshire. If my brother had not threat-
ened that I should have sworn the child to you. I
left your residence at Matlock in February last be-
cause there were words between you and your wife
about me. All the letters you sent me with your
protestations of love, constancy, and eternal fidelity
are burnt. The only letters of yours in existence
that I know of are those before me. I know Mr.

Haldam, a commercial traveller. I first became
acquainted with him on Good Friday, 1860. He
has not paid his addresses to me. He has taken me
out as a friend. I went out with him one night and
returned home in a cab with him, which he pro-
vided for me because it rained. Mr. Haldam has not
come from Burton-Dn-Trent to Sleaford on Saturday
nights and Sunday mornings, and gone away on
Monday mornings after seeing me. My sister Lizzy
did not say Mr. Haldam was a good chance for me.
I was formerly employed in the house of Mrs.
Holmes. Mr. Haldam's first name is Richard. I
have not christened the child by that name. Mat-
lock is 17 miles from Derby. You arrived on the
evening of the arboretum fete at Derby, about eight
o'clock. I was in the room—a private one—at the
hotel, waiting for you. I told my sister I was going
to chapel. I left you at the hotel, and went and
joined my sister and Mr. Haldam, and took a walk
in the arboretum. It rained, andi we sought shelter
under the trees. Mr. Haldam took me into a public
house near the arboretum. He saw me home to the
hotel afterwards, and I joined you. Mr. Holmes
is not a married man. He obtained a situation
for my sister. lam not aware that he will ob-
tain one for me- I have been living at 7, Janet-
terrace, Stepney, for the purpose of taking out the
summons at this court. Mr. Holmes is my late em-
ployer at Derby. I was with him one year and three-
quarters. My father did rebuke me once for lolling
upon you. Upon my oath you had intercourse with
me at Sleaford. 1 never put my feet on your lap in
a rude, wanton, and improper manner in presence
of your wife and sister. I have not gone into your
bedroom at Matlock after your wife has gone down-
stairs, but your wife has nearly caught you in my
bed room.

The Defendant—Have I not said to you, when
you have been fondling over me, " Get a husband
of your own, Jenny."
Complainant—Never, Charles, never.
The Defehdant—You were good-looking enough
to get a husband.

Complainant—Perhaps I am. (Laughter.)
The defendant continued his cross-examination
for some time, imputing the most disgusting and
lascivious conduct on the part of the complainant in
her intercourse with him, which she stoutly denied.
The Defendant-1 can ask her no more. She
knocks me out of time.

Mr. Woolrych (to complainant)—Did you ravish
this police inspector ?
Complainant—No, sir, I did not.
The Defendant—l do not say that, exactly, but
she would never leave me alone.

Mrs. Mary Ann Mead, landlady of a hotel in
Derby, spoke to the complainant and defendant
frequently meeting there and having a private room.
'She always looked upon Mr. Barnes as a gentleman
'paying his addresses to Miss Storey—as her lover.
Mr. Woolrych —No, according to his account she
paid her addresses to him.
In answer to other questions, Mrs. Mead said the
parties met on the night of the Arboretum fete.
They were in a private room, and the shutters were
closed. There was a sofa in the room.
The defendant addressed the magistrate at great
length. He did not mean to deny a long intercourse
with the complainant, who was the seducer, and not
the seduced—(a laugh)—but he had no connexion
with her for two months before the Arboretumfete
at Derby, on the 24th June, 1860, and for two
months afterwards. The complainant was in Mr.
Hadlam's company on the anniversary of the Ar-
boretum, and he saw her home in a cab, and was
the most likely person to be the father. He had been
17 years in his office of a police inspector, and if
the child was affiliated upon him it would reduce '
him to beggary. The summons would never have
been taken out if the brothers of the complainant
had not interfered.

Mr. Woolrych said he was sorry for any grave
consequences that might arise from the defendant's
indiscretions. He could not help it. He had come
to the conclusion that Mr. Barnes was the father of
Miss Storey's child. There was full, minute, and
circumstantial evidence of the intimacy between the
parties, commencing at Matlock in 1858, and con-
tinuing until within two months of the birth of the
child. He had not the slightest doubt the defendant
was the putative father of the complainant's child,
and he made an order upon him to pay 2s. 6d. per
week for its maintenance until it was 13 years of
age,_ and to pay costs.
Defendant—l have only £65 a year, and a wife
and six children to maintain. This is not the case
of a young girl, Miss Storey is now 27 years of age.
Mr. Woolrych—This is not the ordinary case of
a young unmarried man, but the case of a married
man with six children, who is an inspector in the
Derbyshire constabulary force. Besides the 2s. 6d.
per week, I order two guineas law costs, 10s. for
the midwife, £1 15s. for the summoning officer's
travelling expenses to Matlock and back, £1 15s.
to the witness, Mrs. Mead, and 4s. for the summons
and order, in all six guineas costs.

SOUTHWARK.—Thi GREAT FIRE IN TOOLEY-
STREET.—In the course of the day several men
were brought before Mr. Combe charged by the
police with having in their possession seven
or eight tons of tallow floated into the river and
sewers from the great fire at Cotton's and Hay
wharves, Tooley-street. The majority of the pri-
soners had cartloads of the tallow which they were
conveying away for the purpose of disposing of it.
Some of the prisoners said that they had workcd

on the river, and collected the tallow at the risk of
their lives, and they thought they were entitled to
it. It was hard to be deprived of their hard earn-
ings by the police.
Mr. Combe told them that they had no business
with the tallow on the river; it was no more their
property than a piece of timber floating on the
Thames. He should discharge those who had col-
lected it from the river, and the fallow would be
detained until claimed by the persons properly au-
thorised by 'the owners to receive it.
Mr. Neale, who appeared for two men who had
16 cwt. of the tallow, said his client purchased it of
the collectors, giving the market value for it.
Mr. Combe told him they had no right to pur-
chase the tallow, as they must know that the col-
lectors were not entitled to it. Had any of the
parties who took it from the sewers been brought
before him he should have dealt with them severely.
The destruction of this property had been enor-
mous, and it could not be tolerated that the vast
quantities of tallow should be appropriated by any
thief who chose to lay his hands on it.
Mr. Neale urged that some of it came from the
river, and the parties who collected it were abating
a nuisance.

Mr. Combe said that was all nonsense. They
cared nothing for the nuisance. They collected it
for their benefit. He should not punish the pri-
soners this time, but the tallow must be detained
until claimed by the insurance offices.
Mr. Ncale considered it very hard, as his clients
had paid a fair value for the tallow, and did not
know they were running any risk.
An inspector of the M division informed his
worship that bills had been posted in every avail-
able spot, cautioning the parties. The following is
a copy :—" Notice—Any person found stealing
tallow from out of the sewers, or receiving the
same, knowing it to have come from the sewers,
will be prosecuted according to law."
Mr. Combe said that they must have been aware
that they had no right to it.
Late in the day a dealer in marine stores was
charged with having upwards of a ton weight of the
tallow in his possession. _

The prisoner said he had a perfect right to the
tallow, as it came to him in the way of business.
Mr. Combe—Then you justify the act of pur-
chasing stolen tallow ?
The prisoner said he did not do that, but the
tallow was brought to him and he bought it.
Mr. Combe said he should not discharge him,
but make an example of him for his impertinence.
He must pay a fine of £3, or to go to prison for one
month.

The fine was reluctantly paid, and the tallow
detained by the police.

THE COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN
FRANCE AND ENGLAND.

We have already availed ourselves of the Cus-
toms Report to give the public a general idea of
the operation of the Commercial treaty in pro-
moting trade between France and England, but
the document in question is too comprehensive to
be dismissed with such partial notice. True it is,
as the Commissioners themselves acknowledge, that
the effects of the French treaty constitute the
most important feature in the return, but a great
deal more remains to be gathered from the figures
before us. The Customs Report is nothing less
than the great ledger of a nation of shopkeepers.
It tells how much we have bought, and how
much we have sold, what articles have been most
in demand, and what customers most profitable.
Besides this, it tells us how much toll has been
taken on these transactions for the benefit of the
Exchequer. One-third or so of the whole national
revenue Is furnished by the receipts from Cus-
toms duties, and the great problem of public finance
is'so to levy these indispensable funds as to offer
the least possible impediment to the transaction and
extension of business.

The trade of the nation varies, according to cir-
cumstances, both in character and extent. Its ex-
tent may be affected by war, by panic, by reaction
after extravagant speculation, or by the general
state of affairs either at home or abroad. Its cha-
racter may be modified by the goodness or badness
of a harvest, by the occurrence of special demands,
or by legislation directly designed for this purpose.
Last year, for instance, we bought extraordinary
quantities of grain and flour in consequence of the
failure of our own crops, while at the same time we
purchased French clocks, French shawls, and French
wines to a far greater extent than usual, owing
to the removal of the impediments which former
tariffs had placed in the way of such trade. It is
hoped, on the other hand, that we shall sell the
French people our coal and iron and cutlery in
larger quantities than before, and that both nations
will thus get the advantage not only of improved
markets, but more intimate and amicable con-
nexion. These two items—one depending on the
accidents of the season, and the other produced by
direct legislation—form the most interesting fea-
tures of the present report. We have been buy-
ing corn and wine to an unusual amount—corn
because our harvest failed at home, and wine be-
cause it was thought politic to open and encourage
our trade with France. As regards the revenue, the
effects of these two proceedings have been very dif-
ferent. The increasedimports of grain, on which a
nominal duty is still placed, increased our Customs
receipts, but the imports of wine having been at-
tracted by a large reduction of duty caused a con-
siderable loss to the Exchequer.
In the year last past we sold to foreign coun-
tries British and Irish produce to the value in the
aggregate of £135,842,817, to which must be added
£29,827,836 as the value of foreign and colonial
merchandise which we first bought and then sold
again. This is an advance upon the year 1859,
though that was a year of uncommon activity in
the national trade. Our best customers were the
United States, who dealt with us to the extent of
£21,000,000. Then came the Hanseatic Towns,
which, as agents for Germany and other countries,
took our goods to the value of £10,000,000. France
bought five millions' worth, and Brazil four.
Among our own possessions India and Australia
were foremost with their demands—the former
doing a business of £17,000,000 and the latter of
£10,000,000. In these statistics the most notable
point is not the character of the trade, but its
amount. It had been apprehended, though the
Commissioners did not share the misgiving, that
some reaction would be experienced after the
powerful impulse given to our trade in 1859.
In 1857 we had been overtrading, and a total re-
turn of £146,000,000 was produced in some degree
by enterprises of too speculative a character. The
consequence was shown in the year following by a
decline of the figures to £140,000,000, but in 1859
came an unexpected rebound. The sum total of
our exports, home and colonial together, rose to
£155,000,000,—an improvement, as was, fancied,
too great to be maintained. The return before us,
however, shows a fresh advance, instead of a de-
cline, for the two items we have given above will
form a total of £165,000,000 and upwards.
Turning now from our exports to our imports, or,
in other words, from our sales to our purchases, we
find that these transactions, which had fallen from
£188,000,000 in 1857 to £165,000,000 in 1858, and
again risen to £179,000,000 iu 1859, have actually
advanced in the present year to nearly £211,000,000.
It is no matter of congratulation certainly that we
should have been compelled to expend some mil-
lions of money in buying the corn which our own
fields failed to yield, but we may reasonably rejoice
over the events which have brought cheap and
wholesome wines to our doors. There is one arti-
cle, however, which we can never grow for (gir-
-1 selves, though our demand for it is enormous.
Cotton cannot be produced at home. We must
needs buy it either from foreign countries or our
own dependencies, and the report shows to what
extent and in what markets our purchases of this
material were conducted in the yearlB6o. We bought
cotton then to the value of nearly £36,000,000, and
of this immense sum no less than £30,000,000 went
to the United States—a sufficient proof of the mag-
nitude of the risk to which we have so often ad-
verted. In the general account, our dealings with
France, Russia, and Egypt figure very prominently,
while India sells us almost as much as she buys
from us. There appears to be no great decline in
any of our demands, unrefined sugar, hemp, silk,
and brandy being the only four articles of any con-
sequence which we purchased to a less extent in
1860 than in 1859. Of silk we probably took as
:Ewanyigt,lhant them,
etn
much as we could get; in sugar and hemp the de-
cline was not very material, while brandy is said
to be always capricious in its variations.
The actual amount of revenue derived from the
Customs during the period under review was
£23,165,764, and the actual amount of loss in-
curred by reductions of duties, including, however,
the decline in sugar, &c., above mentioned, was
£1,899,302. It will be seen that our receipts from
this department still constitute about a third of the
whole public income, although revenue has been
repeatedly and largely sacrificed for the benefit
and encouragement of trade. The Customs, in fact,
afford excellent ground for our financiers toso work
t
upon. It is possible, as has been often shown, to
reduce duties, and yet, by increased consumption,
though
to obtain as large a revenue as before,
everybody gains and nobody loses. It is expected
that the present loss upon the wine duties may be
in this
at least partially compensated
the treaty was framed rather with political aims
than on financial principles. The real object of the
ingdht be Convention was so to knit Francema
to-
gether that the chances of quarrel, and
the cost of national armaments,
perma-
nently diminished. It was no bad investment to
sacrifice a million for such purpose as this. Whether
Will ever be largely
the lighter wines of Vrance