The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-11 00:00:00

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The Vienna Gazette publishes the imperial decree
fixing those crimes and offences committed in Hun-
gary which are to come under the military juris-
diction, even when the offenders are civilians. They
are :—The crime of high treason, insults to mem-
bers of the imperial family, disturbance of public
tranquillity. 2. The crime of insurrection. 3. The
crime of violently insulting any public tribunal or
authority.
Members of secret societies hostile to the Go-
vernment are liable to be tried by the military
courts.

Corporal punishment, as far as civilians are con-
cerned, cannot be inflicted without a sentence
from the legal authorities.
The following is the text of the autograph letter
addressed by the Emperor of Austria to the Chan-
cellor of Hungary :
" My dear Count de Forgach,—The insubordination of
the Hungarian municipalities and the open resistance, al-
most amounting to rebellion, to every measure taken with
the object of bringing back everything to a regular state, is
most dangerous to the maintenance of public order; while
the authorities as they are at present organised, and accord-
ing to the actual state of the Penal Code, do not offer suffi-
cient protection against these lamentable attacks, disapproved
by the great majority of my faithful subjects, and they are
not capable of mastering the disobedience which invades
everything. It is my duty as a sovereign, and my firm will,
energetically to put an end to these misdemeanours, and firmly
to re-establish that obedience which is due and the authority
of the Government. But, as the execution of the extraordi-
nary measures commanded by necessity is not compatible
with the actual institution of the Council of the Lieutenancy
of Hungary, founded upon the laws of 1723 and of 1790,
and while, on the other hand, the hope of being able to con-
voke shortly the Hungarian Diet, with a view to resolve
the questions which have remained pending, cannot be
realised as long as there is no regular administration to
render it possible, I think it advisable temporarily to sus-
pend until the re-establishment of public order the action of
my Council of Lieutenancy for Hungary, established in the
sense of the above laws by my enactments of the 20th of
October, 1860, as also that of the municipalities of the
country, and, consequently, to decree the dissolution of all
existing commissions of the comitats of districts and of mu-
nicipal representations of the Royal free cities.
" In charging you to carry out this order and awaiting
your ulterior propositions as regards the choice of the per-
sons to whom in future will be confided the direction of the
Comitats in case of necessary changes, I request you at the
same time to have a care that the current affairs of the ad-
ministration of the Comitats and free cities be carried on
until the institution of new organs by the present officials
on their personal responsibility, so that the public service
may not suffer interruption.

" The nomination of my Lieutenant for the kingdom of
Hungary follows the same date. My. Council of Lieu-
tenancy for Hungary, the Obergespane, administrators and
other officials in the Comitats, as also the mayors of the
towns in the Buda-Pesth district are bound to obey him
without any obje?tion in everything which he may ordain*
for the public administration of the country. You willfind
in the annexed documents the orders which I have though
fit to give to my Minister of War concerning the powers Of
the military tribunals and the judgment of crimes and
offences committed against public order and the safety of
persons and property.
" As also it is my firm will to re-establish in the shortest
possible delay, by the exceptional temporary measures in-
dicated above, public order which has been threatened in
my kingdom of Hungary by lamentable disturbances, that I
may afterwards, by constitutional measures, proceed to the
solution of the existing differences, I think it also right to
declare again that I am firmly resolved to maintain in-
violably and without restriction, in future, the concessions
granted to Hungary by my diploma of the 20th of October,
1860, concerning the re-establishment of its constitution, of
its rights and liberties of its Diet, of its municipal institu-
tions.

" FRANCIS JOSEPH (ntanu propria).
0 Vienna, Nov. 5, 1861."

The Vienna Gazette, in which the above ap-
pears, publishes the following :

" Dear Field-Marshal Count Palffy—l appoint you my
Lieutenant in my kingdom of Hungary.
" FRANCIS JosErH;(manuproprsa.)
" Vienna, Nov. 5, 1861."

A letter from Comorn, Hungary, of the 2d inst.,

says :

" The ordinary monthly assembly of the Comitat was to
have taken place at 10 o'clock this morning, all the neces-
sary arrangements having been made on the previous even-
ing at a conference convoked by the Vice-Gespan Sarkozy.
Scareely, however, had the members of the conference se-
parated than a detachment of troops surrounded the hotel
of the Comitat, and the commandant, Lieut.-Col. Tarkos,
presented himself to the Vice-Gespan, and declared that if
the projected meeting took place he should be obliged, by
orders from his superiors, to dissolve it by force. The Vice-
Gespan replied that the assembly had been convoked, and
that it must take place, whatever might happen. in the
morning the greater part of the members of the comrnisson
and of the inhabitants of the town assembled, and entered
the hall at 9 o'clock. At 10 the cry was: raised, Here are
troops and the soldiers were found to have surrounded
the hotel of the Comitat and barred the street, Lieut.-Col.
arkos entered the room reserved for the Vice-Gespan, but
he was seen in the hall, and at the same time a tremendous
E3hOA4 was raised. At that moment the ea-President of

the Lower Chamber of Hungary, M. Ghiczy, came forward
and requested the public to keep quiet, prudent conduct
being under the circumstances the first duty of every pa-
triot. The President then took the chair, and the Lioute-
nent-Colonel remained behind the door. Cheers almost
interminable saluted the President as he took his place.
He announced that the armed force was present, and
that he had received the order of dissolution. At this
moment,' said he, when we have no other arms
at our disposal but the code of our laws, it is impossible for
us to continue our deliberations." It is impossible I' was
echoed from all sides. ' Let us retire.' The President
then took leave of the public, and announced that the corps
of functionaries, seeing the impossibility of doing their
duties, had all of them resigned. The public then left the
hall, singing the Szozat, and soon after dispersed with cries
of Eljin a Magyar, huza I' (God save Hungary I)"

TER WARRIOR.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sir,—l forward you some extracts from a note
ust received, which may prove of much public
nterest.—l am, sir, your obedient servant,

Queenstown, Nov. 7, 1861.

You will be pleased to hear that the Warrior, under
steam. has been what may be considered a complete success.
Under sail and steam she went 16.3 knots, and coming into
this place on Tuesday from off Cape Clear, at the time the
Revenge was going about 13 knots, she was going 15.2;
the Revenge under a considerable press of sail and full
steam, the Warrior topsails and foresail and fall steam.
Steaming head to wind and sea, the Warrior went 9 8 at
a time when the Revenge, at the rendezvous, found it neces-
sary to take in the third reef of her topsails.
The trials in sailing have not been very favourable to the
Warrior. The first day, by the wind, the Revenge's jib-
boom went just before starting; this lost time; but after-
wards, on starting, the Warrior settled gradually to leeward.
The next day the trial was with the wind abeam, when
the Revenge left the Warrior very much, the Warrior,
having a reef out of the topsails, royals, and fore topmast
studdingsail more than the Revenge. By the Warrior's own
account the Revenge left her at the rate of 500 yards per
hour.

The Revenge hardly works fair with the Warrior in
steaming. The Warrior's fuel is the best Welsh coal, and
fresh, while that of the Revenge has been in the ship a long
time. The stokers and engineers of the Warrior are very
numerous compared with those of the Revenge; but the
Revenge's stokehole is vastly superior to the Warrior's.

The Cork Examiner publishes the following in-
teresting description of the Warrior's behaviour
during her trial cruise :
"The great question to be determined with re-
gard to the Warrior was as to her speed and sea-
going qualities, and the present cruise was under-
taken with the object of testing these. In order to
try her on every possible point of sailing and steam-
ing, she has been matched with the Revenge, a 90-
gun two-decker, the fastest ship in 'the Channel
fleet.

" But for the extraordinary repute of her rival
the beauty of the Revenge would have made her an
object of attraction, as she lies opposite Haulbow-
line ; but all eyes are naturally directed to the first
armour-plated vessel that has ever been seen in the
water. The test cruise commenced on Thursday,
when both vessels left Portland, the Revenge under
the command of Rear-Admiral Smart, and the War-
rior under Capt. Cochrane. Their cruise was about
the British Channel and away southward to about
the centre of the Bay of Biscay. The weather was
upon the whole fair, but the wind was stiff, and at
one period rose almost to the dimensions of a gale.
The result of the trial as regards the Warrior seems
to have been not merely satisfactory but astonish-
ing.
"If we may credit the reports of the officers, she
has, under sail and steam, working full power,
attained the extraordinary speed of 18 knots. When
at this rate looking through her ports is described
as inspiring something of the sensation felt in look-
ing through the window of an express train. In
steaming alone, carrying her ordinary pressure of
about 201 b. to the inch, she can beat the Revenge
between two and three knots an hoar. Under sail,
however, she is no match for the two-decker, which
can not only go closer to the wind, but faster before
it. The spars and sails of the Warrior are no larger
than those of an ordinary line-of-battle ship, while
the weight they have to drive is manifestly far
greater. In a light breeze, therefore, she can do
comparatively little with canvas alone ; and even
with a good sailing wind is not equal to a ship like
the Revenge. It has been said that she would do
better with four masts than her present conventional
three. During the present trial the highest rate of
speed she has attained under sail alone was nine
knots, while steaming only she has nearly equalled
the rate of her trial trip, which was something short
of 14i knots. With the propeller working she is
said not to be handy to steer, and that she does
better when it is lifted. Coming within harbour,
owing to the momentum caused by her great weight
she is somewhat difficult fo handle. Though her
screw was lifted twice during the cruise, yet she
steamed the greater portion of the time, which was
from Thursday to Tuesday. Her consumption of
coal during that time is roughly estimated as being
under 400 tons. The original complement put on
board was 900; of this a considerable quantity was
used in preliminary trials, and she has now on
board about 250 tons.

"Her weatherly qualities are considered to have
been more than established. She goes smoothly
over an angry sea, and does not roll in any extra-
ordinary degree. She has taken in water, but only
over the bow, and it is said that when the Re-
venge was shipping seas in considerable number, the
Warrior was perfectly dry. During much of the
cruise she had her main deck ports open. In the
Bay of Biscay, where the roughest weather was en-
countered, they had to be closed, but rather with a
view to the comfort of the seamen than through
any absolute necessity. At all events, it is posi-
tively stated that the guns could have been fought
at any period of the trip.
" The engines move with great smoothness and
caused no vibration of any consequence. A trial
was made on Tuesday morning as to the effect of
the recoil of the heavy guns, and with this object
three broadsides were fired from the shotted 86-
pounders. The consequent vibration was trifling.
Indeed the effect of the working of the engines or
the recoil of guns was felt far less than it would
have been in an ordinary line-of-battle ship. The
guns were found to be capable of training only two
and a-half points.

" The powers of the Warrior as a steam-ram
were very near being unconsciously tested during
the cruise. In the morning watch of Tuesday, both
vessels steering up for Cork, the Revenge was lead-
ing under sail and the Warrior steaming after. The
latter overtook the Revenge rapidly. The interven-
tion of the sails probably prevented the Revenge's
lights from being seen, and the Warrior was bear-
ing fast down upon her consort, when she was made
out from the Revenge, and a signal blue light having
been thrown up her course was altered. It was not,
however, a moment too soon, as it is said there
was not a dozen feet between the stern of one yes
sel and the jibboom of the other.

DEATH.OF GENERAL SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS.—
The death cf General Sir Howard Douglas took place last
Saturday, at the advanced age of 86. The deceased was the
third son of the first baronet, and entered the army in 1794.
He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his brother
in 1809. Sir Howard Douglas served with his regiment in
Portugal and Spain in 1808 and 1809, and was present at
Corunna, for which he received the war medal and one t
clasp.
He also took part in the Walcheren Expedition, and was
present at the siege and bombardment of Flushing
to the . Return-
ing Peninsula in 1811, ho remained there till the end
of 1812, and for his services received the Cross of Charles
111. of Spain. He became a general in the army in 1851,
since which time he has been colonel of the 15th Foot, the
colonelcy of which is thereby rendered vacant. Sir H.
Douglas represented Liverpool in Parliament from 1842 to
1847, after having been an unsuccessful candidate in 1832,
and again in 1835. He was Governor of New Brunswick
from 1823 to 1829, and Lord High Commissioner of the
lonian Islands from 1835 till 1840 ; was a Groom of the
Bedchamber to the late Duke of Gloucester, and received
the degree of D.C.L. from Oxford in 1829. In recognition
of his military services the deceased general was created a
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St.
George in 1835, and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of
the Bath in 1841. He is succeeded by his son Robert Percy.
Ho was the author of many scientific treatises, especially on
fortification and gunnery--a subject which occupied his
attention until the very close of his long an active life.
An amalgamation is stated to have been arranged
between :the new London and Lancashire Fire Insurance
Company of Liverpool. The business of the amalgamated
companies will be carried on separately, the fire depart-
ment being conducted by the London and Lancashire
Company, and the life department by the Queen Company.