The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-01 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

Blackwood.--" What Will He Do With It" is
continued, and an imcortant event occurs. Sophy
is taken away from the kind care of her aged pro-
tector. It is the first melancholy episode in the
story, and a gloom settles over the mind of the
reader as he hears of that fair young creature being
snatched away, in her day-dreams of peace and re-
tirement, to the companionship of coarse natureq
and the toil of pursuits she so dreaded. It is truly
said at the commencement of the chapter which
describes. the catastrophe, "Laugh at forebodings
of evil, but tremble at 'day-dreams of happiness."
The conduct of Mr. Hartopp proves that it is not
enough to be well-disposed and kind-hearted to be of
service to others ; a man must have self-reliance
and an independent spirit, which will enable him
to think and act for himself, however adverse ap-
pearances may be, and however tortuous may be
the road he has selected, to walk in. The con-
cluding passage of the 'narrative here mot with
relates a momentous interview between Losely and
Mrs. Crane, whose consequences in the future will
most likely be of some dire import. " Phre-
nology in France" is an amusing paper, which
refutes many false assertions, and exposes many
fallacies of those who arrogate to themselves an
unlimited knowledge on such subjects. It truly
states that more would be achieved, if less were
attempted, by the energetic and enthusiastic
devotees :—" If phrenologists would content them-
selves with asserting that they had half-truths of
great importance to communicate, and hoped in
course of time to arrive at whole truths, all culti-
vated minds would urge thorn to go on and
prosper." It is mentioned, as a fact worthy of
notice, that Mangiamele, a celebrated calculator,
had a decided depression at that spot where the
organ of number is placed ; further on, it is stated
that the head of Napoleon, though extremely well
proportioned, was by no means so large as it is
ordinarily represented to have been. " Bomber
is the name of an interesting work, recently pub--
lished ; some remarks are here made upon it, which
are worthy of attention. The Boscobel tracts
relate tn the escape, of Charles the Second after the
battle of Worcester. Notwithstanding the different
hues with which political Opinions colour these
events, all, except those who are. too prejudiced to
render ;impartial justice, will admire the spirit
which animated those who followed an adverse
causc,l ,
through danger unto death, and in- the
holii of trial saw their sovereign's 'misfor-
tunes—not the faults that had caused, them.

" Our Indian Empire" is a well-written article,
which contains instructive passages, and conveys
some useful hints regarding the important subject
referred to. Several extracts are given from emi-
nent writers on the question of the management •f
India. The general conclusion aimed at by these
statesmen is, that the empire must be consolidated
by power and administered by moderation ; but, it
is urged, " we must be strong ere we can be mode-
rate. The empire of the sword must precede the
empire of opinion." After enumerating the various
difficulties that beset the way, and entering in de-
tail on some of the disputed points, the writer takes
a sanguine view of England's future in the East,
and expresses a conviction that if we stand up man-
fully to the work before us, our children's children
may read in history of our bright success.: " The
Works and Genius of Michael Angelo" is an at-
tractive title for an article, and a perusal in this in-
stance will not disappoint expectation. In a
remarkably interesting manner, the career of this
wonderful man is made mention of, and his works
are analysed in a style which shows that the writer
has entered into the spirit of his task. He asserts
that it is one of difficulty, and liable to misconstruc-
tion, but he who can ignore the genius of Michael
Angelo will remain himself deservedly unknown.
The object of this criticism is not to exalt or dimi-
nish, so much as "to elucidate what is obscure,
and to reconcile what is anomalous." The follow-
ing passage institutes a comparison between Michael
Angelo and Raphael

"History would seem, at certain epochs, of special
effort, to throw great men together, sometimes to work
out vast results by antagonism, often to accomplish a
united end, through mutual co-operation, always per-
haps to complete a great cycle of operations and pheno-
mena, compensating the shortcomings of some by the re-
dundant powers bestowed on others. Thus was it
.specially in that great period when Michael Angelo and
Raphael were brought together, the more perfectly •to
accomplish and describe the wide and completed circuit
of a great art-cycle. The genius of the one formed a
complementary arc to that of the other, so that whether
taken as antagonistic or consecutive quantities, the circle
iu its entire and continuous circumference was fully de-
scribed, and the domain of art thus enclosed withia the
sweep of a ring-fence. Nature finding it not possible to
unite the conflicting powers of a Michael Angelo and a
Raphael in one and the same mind, apportioned to each
a distinct labour and function, trusting that the result,
when worked out, might not prove inharmonious or
nugatory. The wisdom of this plan was justified in ihe
sequence. The universality of genius thereby suffered
limitation, in order that the universality of art might be
established, and thus the gentle harmonies of Raphael
came in to soften the abrupt dissonance of. Michael
Angelo ; while again the terrine power of Michael
Angelo threw vigour and intensity into the seraphic
strains of Raphael's muse, and so within the circuit of
the Vatican is found a Completed art, out of which the
student may .form his perfected ideal—an art which
seems to represent in its fulness the highest forms and
faculties of man, and then rising above earth to people
heaven itself."

Dublin, University.—" The Cardinal Treaties of
Mediaeval and Modern'History" present to noticelin
this number " The Treatie3 of Paris and Huberts-
burgh,"- which took place in sixteen hundred and
ninety-three. We are informed that the long
-centuries of rivalry between France and Austria
are broken by only one period of amity when they
leagued together for the purpose of crushing the
young power of Prussia in the " Seven Years'
War," it is a curious fact to notice, however, that
the consequence was to place the object of their
hatred in the position of one of the first-rate
powers of the world. It is interesting to notice
the following epitome of the struggle :
•' The treatises of Hubertsburg contain little more
than stipulations for the mutual evacuation of countries
and towns taken or occupied during the war. Not a
foot of land in Europe changed owners ; though, accord.
ing to the calculations of Frederic himself, the Russians
had sacrificed 120,000 men, the Austrians 140,000,
France 200,000, the English and their sllies 160,000,
the Swedes 25,000, the German drcics 23,000, and the
Prussians 213,000 in the war. But the seven Years'
War in Germany—though the map of Europe showed
no effects from it—was far from being a drawn game.
He who had stood against such fearful odds, and had
not fallen, was justly regarded as the victor ; and th, 1103-
forth, both by contemporaries and by posterity, teas
been recognised as Frederic the Great."
The " Partners" is resumed this month, and a very
exciting scene occurs in the portion here met with,
the unfortunate victim of others' deceit and
duplicity is assailed by many dangers, but he
is left at last at liberty, as another has been seized
in his place as a lunatic. The next instalment pro-
mises to be very eventful. "M‘Cormack's Grudge"
is concluded in a very satisfactory manner. The
suspected man proved the honesty of his intentions
and the genuineness of his nature by rescuing, at
great peril to himself, the child of the man who
had wronged him from a frightful death. After so
stormy an opening, it is satisfactory to take our
last look at so peaceful a scene as Myles's reinstated
home presents. "The Student" is a most melan-
choly story, and exemplifies the folly and wicked-
ness of laying down rules for all alike, as if diverse
temperaments did not require different treatment,
and as if peculiarly-gifted mindsdid notr, quire sym-
pathy instead of repulsion. " Tpm Brown's School-
days" is the subject of a paper which repays perusal.
It regards that successful work iu a favourable light,
and expresses a hope to meet Tom Brown again at
Oxford or Cambridge. "He is one of the few
companions who are as delight *ul as they are im-
proving." " The Tramping Artist" is a light and
lively sketch, which retails some conversation on
varying incidents in many lands, hero and there
interspersed with a racy remark or an amusing
anecdote. " From Rome—Home," furnishes the
reader with the conclusion of the journey, which
was completed in four weeks. The account of the
adventures met with, and the description of the
objects of sublimity and beauty which the travellers
beheld, are on the whole ably rendered, and may
edify those who delight in foreign gleanings.
There are some verses among the contents, which,
though pleasing, are none of them beyond average
merit. Great praise is given to " Lord Dullerm's
Yacht Voyage," and it is observed that " he has
all but created an arctic summer, and given us one
of the gayest narratives that ever beguiled a few
shortened hours of our foggy winter."

Fraser's Magazine. —A criticism on Mr. Water-
ton's third series of " Essays on Natural History"
opens this number of Fraser. A little good-
humoured dissension from Mr. Waterton's some-
what didactic theology is mixed with the
notice of the more scientific portion of the
work. Those who like deep reading will
be interested by a paper on recent meta-
physical works by G. H. Lewes, Frederick
Maurice, and Dr. Fleming. Their different
methods of reasoning and objects in writing are
compared with skill and ingenuity. After render-
ing tribute to the historical value of Mr. Lewes'
laborious work, the critic assails his theory and
seeks to prove that the " positivism" he is so
partial to, leads its follower to the dreary waste of
atheism and bars the developmentis
what he calls the Scotch
deduces some striking
After all the discusslious of all his Bigler
faculties. The writerof
evidently a partisan
school, and certainly
arguments in
.its favour.
and dissensions of these

philosophers a good many readers will be of the
opinion cf a, Scath blacksmith, mentioted in Dr.
Fleming's loc,ok, who thus defined this disputed
science—" Twa folk," said lie, " disputin' the-
gither, he that's listenin' doesna ken what'he
that's speakin' means, and he . that's speakin'
doema ken what he means' himsel—that's
metaphysics." The clever and interesting story
of "The Interpreter" is brought to a conclusion—.
a fact which many of the readers of Fraser will be
disposed to regret. Its not very approprate title
does not give any idea of -the variety of its scenes
and charact9p, the interest attaching to them, and
the ability of the style. The conclusion is marked
with some striking and unexpected events; - We
hope to meet this writer again in the piges of
Fraser. The recant volumes of the memorials and
correspondence of Charles James Fox are criticised,
and the editorship of Lord John Russell does not
escape some severe strictures. "On the Use of
Proverbs in Grave Composition," is the title of &
singular paper, chiefly relating to the writings of
Professor Blunt, and upholding- the authority of
those pithy little sayings which embody, as has been
happily observed, the wisdom of many in the wit
of one. " The Englishman's - House - his - Castle
Theory" is the name of the article which follows,
and there is no occasion for the writer to sign him-
self " A Grumbler." Lord Normanby's recent work,
"A year of Revolution," affords the subject foran in-
teresting paper on the state of France tee years ago.
" India in Mourning " is an article dated from.the
Punjaub, Sep.:, 29, and gives us a glimpse of the
feelings of our countrymen in the East "It is
the belief of every thinking man in India that th©
British power will survive this convulsion but it
is no less the conviction of every man in India, with
his eyes open, that the present generation of Anglo-
Indians may be swept off the face of the earth."
This, it must be remembered, was before the news
of the fall of Delhi. The following tribute is paid
to the memory of Sir Henry Lawrence "
Sir Henry Lawrence had that rare and happy faculty
(which a man in almost every other respect unlike him,
Sir Charles Napier, is said also to have possessed) of
attaching hirnse'f to every one with whom he came in
contact. He had that gift which is never acquired, a
gracious, winning, noble manner ; rough and ready as
lie was in the field, his manner in private life had an
indescribable charm of frankness, grace, and e fen
courtly dignity. He had that virtue which Englishmen
instinctively and characteristically love—a lion-like
courage. He had that fault which Englishmen so
readily forgive, and, when mixed with what are felt to
be its naturally concomitant good qualities, they,ahnost
admire—a hot and impetuous temper ;be had,- in over-
flowing measure, that god-like grace which even the base
revere, and the good acknowledge as the crown of vir-
tue—the grace of charity. No young officer ever sat-
at Sir Henry's table without learning to think more
kindly of the natives ; no one, young or old; man or
woman, ever heard Sir Henry speak of the European
soldier, or ever visited the Lawrence Asylum, without
being excited to a nobler and truer appreciation of the
real extent of his duty towards his neighbour.. He was:
one of the few distinguished Anglo-Indians who had
attained to something like an English reputation in his
lifetime. In a few years his name will be familiar to
every reader of Indian history ; but for the present it is
in India that his memory will be most deeply cherished ;
it is by Anglo-Indians that any eulogy on him will he
best appreciated ; it is by them that the institutions
which he founded and maintained will be fostered as a'
monument to his memory."

A postcript at the end of the article announces that
the joyful intelligence of General Wilson's complete
victory had "lifted from the mind of every Eng-
lishman in India a cloud like the shadow of death."
The poetical contributions to Fraser are not above
mediocrity. Two of them are translations from
the Italian, and the third, "A Summer Vision,"
is very incorrect in. its rhymes. Tresses and
meshes, lustrous and wondrous window and
shadow, mar the effect of a simple and pleasing
poem.

The United Service Magazine.—The first paper
in this magazine is entitled " Thoughts relative to
Military Requirements," and considers that suffi-
cient attention is not paid to military history. It
is observed that while experience in the general is
the great and only desideratum towards success, it
is hardly contemplated as necessary that theory
should form the groundwork of this experience,
and that it is but reasonable to suppose that the
art of war, like other arts, has a theory and begin-
ning, in which it behoves all military aspirants to
be instructed in. In support of this argument the
writez quotes the opinions of Napoleon :—" The
principles of war are those which have regulated the
great captains whose deeds have been handed down
to us in history, Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, Gus-
tavus Adolphus, Turenne, Prince E ugen e, Frederick
the Great," &c. ; and " Tactics, evolutions, the science
of the engineer and artillery officer, may be learned
from treatises much in the same way as geometry ;
but the knowledge of the higher branches of the
art of war is only to be gained by experience, and
by studying the history of the wars aud battles of
great leaders." A second article on military re-
form and the army purchase commission censures
severely the system of patronage and interest. An
alteration in the penrions and allowances to officers'

widows and families is also recommended. An
interesting paper by Captain Spencer gives an
account of the French conquest and occupation of
Algeria. The history of the pirates of Algiers is
briefly traced from the days of Barbarossa to the
French victory in 183. J. The subject is to be con-
tinued. "A Visit to the Teherna Morsky Cos-
sacks" proceeds with interest, and the " Notes of
an Old Staff Officer" contain some interesting de-
tails of Belgian life and Government. A letter on
the subject of the Indian arwy gives a list of causes
which have lessened the value of the Company's
service in the estimation of the Sepoys.' It
is dated Ferozepores and thoefore the writer
has the authority of local knowledge for
his suggestions. A paper on British cavalry
recommends an alteration in the present method,
with the view of obtaining " the greatest amount of
lightness with the smallest sacrifice of equipment."
It is further remarked that the want of interest in
the men for their horses produces much evil. The
description of the " Seats of Insurrection" is con-
tinued with interest. The exciting legends of the
Black Watch, by James Grant, the well known

author of the " Romance of War," proceed in their
usual style. The narrative in the present number
is a tale of one of those fearful lettres de cachet

which were the inears of eo many secret crimes. [t
is the story of a Scotch Major who was taken pri-
soner at Ticonderoga, and, through the jealousy of
a French nobleman, was consigned to the dungeons
of the Bastille for twenty-eight years, only to be re-
leased when age had whitened his hair and suffering
had nearly deprived him of his faculties.

Bentley's Miscellany. —A notice of the French
narrative of Prince Napoleon's journey to the
North gives a very amusing account of the Pari-
sian critics among the icebergs. "Midnight
Doings" is the continuation of the story of
" Moat Grange," commenced in the last number.
Tho hero, Charles Dalrymple, having been the
accidental cause of his father's death, gives up
his engagement that he may not interfere with
the fortunes of his mother and sisters. By way
of further carrying out his laudable intentions,
he comes up to London, becomes mixed with a
set of gamblers, and drowns himself in the
Thames : at least so it is implied, but a doubt
is left on the reader's mind as to the certainty of
the suicide. The last songs of Beranger afford
en interesting yet mournful topic to Monkshood.
Interesting as all concerning 'the vieux chanson-
icier must be, and mournful as showing the old
!'man, even when nearing the last steps of the road
along which we are hurried by the "vieux postil-
ion," can find nothing more joyful for his lyre
than the recollections Of the plaisirr de vingt ans.
A.nwher paper on French literature is kcriticism
ou E lmonl About, which gives him great praise
-for the high tone of morality in his works, and the
ability with which they are written. Judging
from the extracts, however, it appears there is still
a little room for improvement in the selection of
characters. Two papers, "The British Army,"
and "An Old Indian Officer on the Causes of the
Indian Revolt," contain some remarks and sug-
geAions worthy of notice. " The Life of an
Architect " is continued, and Mr. Dudley Costello's
lengthy history of the naisdoings of the millionaire
of Mincing-lane is brought to a conclusion. "The
Calcutta Petition" is the title of a well-written
paper on the present system of administration.

The Mechanics.--This is a useful and interest-
ing number of a valuable magazine, which affords
great facilities for the circulation and diffusion
of scientific and mechanical knowledge. All the
news connected with such subjects is given, and
numerous letters from correspondents contain
much interesting matter. In one of these an in-
ventor describes a new instrument for ascertain-
ing and comparing the intensities of light, which
he proposes to call the Letoscope. Another sug-
gests that the late fracture of Big Ben was pro-
bablyur caused by the exterior and interiorual sfaces of the bell being in states of
.Tele(l_as too
ten-
sion. He supposes that the outside was w
it was not
y It is to be hoped
raapNidolinyocgoeooluesd,viabnrdatitnhgaotfbd consequently
that this danger will
ing.Citrhcaul aDrraSinteara
occupying Passenger a
nS Signals,
tion, are treated
' of recent
mend this
profession
ta ra
uap patents, eirvininaatlnts
e,London, Rifle Pullets,
avoided in the recast-
f andTbeilla,e, Submarine Tele-
graphs,inapo,argtaeanntd
paosivtiaornieitiyi
poufblsieubajtetcetns,.
discussed. An account
andi reports of scientific insti-
tutionsat ength.. We c.ordi...afillyllcom-
to all Vino are scienta ca y or
reded in the Btudy of mechanics.