The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-02 00:00:00

.73UNGARF.

OPINIONS OF:THE' FRENCH PRESS.
The late discussion in the Italian Parliament on
the Roman question is highly praised by the Liberal
journals of Paris for the tone of moderation which
characterised the various speakers. The following
passages are from the .Patrie
" All the deputies who 'spoke on this important quei4ion
expressed themselves with a moderation and gtavity wonky
of the subject under discussion, but none showed tifere
composure, serenity, and confidence than Count Callow.
His speech was remarkable not only for the oratorical
ability derived from long experience in Parliamentaryide-
bate, but was especially appropriate, because it represented
things as they really are, and admirably expressed the
general feeling of the Italians. Compare his calm and dig-
nified language with that of certain fiery defenders of the
Pope's temporal power. In it there is no recrimination,
nor bitter expression; notjlattempt at oratorical effect: the
stateman evidently considers the struggle as terminafea,
aid he declares, without passion or violence, the cmise-
quences which, in his opinion, must inevitably result from
it."

The precise meaning of the order of the day which
has been adopted is thus explained
How and when will this law be Oxecuted, if, indeed,
it ever can be Those are questions which belong to the
futero ; for if the Italians were entitled to Proclaim their
right, the exercise bethaf right, as Count CaVotir acknow-
ledged, is snbordinate to 'certain conditions which do not
depend on them alone. Italy will never forget what she
owes to France; she will not imitate the ingratitude of
Austria towards Russia, and as long as France shall oppose
her taking possession of Rome, she will not seek to de so
bY force. Italy on the oilier hand wishes to see the dignity,
and independence of 'the Pope guaranteed, as well as; the'
complete liberty of the Church. That she wishes si.cerely
and absolutely, and will spare no pains to enligh ;.d
reassure consciences by a frank declaration of he 'rine
ciples. On the way to Rome, new Italy meets with two
obstacles, which, even if she had the power, she woald not
overthrow—the French flag and the Cross. One covers the
other. Brit, in claiming Rome as her capital; she openly
professes, in" ,the face of the world and of an Catholics, that
France, the!object of all her sympathies, has not to deAnd
against her efforts the Sovereign Pontiff's independence--
the object of all her respect. Such is the meaning of the
order of the day adopted by the Italian Parliament!:
A pamphlet has just been ,published in
Germany by M. Ludvigh, formerly Secretary
of the National Assembly of Hungary; and
which contains the text of the laws concern-
ing the coronation' of the Rings 'of that country.
The difficulties raiaed:up against the manner in
• •
which the Etnperor Fraums-Soseph intends pro-
ceeding for his coronation as. King of Hungary
imparts a certain intereSt to the publication .in
question, and the Co/Witotionnfl enumerates in the
following terms the enactments which the pam.
ph-let • sets forth as applicable to the Emperor's
-present situation :---(
• " Suceession replaces eletion ; but in the same manner
that election alone would-be insufficient, so succession alone
does not confer the-royaity: The King who has not had
his head girt by.the sacred diadem, has no right either, to
the title of Royal Majesty er to that of Apostolic Majesty,
and consequently
,cannot exercise the rights inherent iv
the Crown. 'The Coronation of the new King may take
place during the lifetime Of'bis predecessor, but the latter
must himself present to the Diet his natural and legitimate
successor. The Diet must be convoked by the King him-
self for the coronation of his successor. If the Diet is com-
plete—that is to say, if all the Comitats of Hungary, as
well as of Croatis and Transylvania, are there represented,
it constitutes itself by the nomination of its presidents
and secretaries, and then proceeds to the election of the
Palatin and other vacant dignities, and particu-
larly of the guardians of the sacred crown. Then
only it is that the Diet, sitting at Pesth and not
at Buda, can enter on the discussion of the conditions of
the coronation compact or 'sacred diploma.' Without the
diploma there is no coronation, and without the latter no
royalty. -What is still more serious is, that the newly--
crowned monarch cannot, during the lifetime of the reign-
ing King, exercise any royal power. He only obtains by
his coronation the royal and apostolic title which mere suc-
cession does not give him, and he guarantees himself against.
the embarrassments of an interregnum or against the con-
sequences of a fortuitous omission of the coronation. In
spite of our respect for the national traditions of States, we
allow ourselves to hope that thelllungarians will not think
themselves obliged to follow those provisions to the letter.
Never, in fact, has there been seen so many legal obstacleS
to the accomplishment of an act so legitimate and simlde in
itself. In the first place, the Diet has been convoked, not'
by the reigning King-, who, in the eyes of the Hungarian
law, would be no other than Ferdinand V., uncle of the
Emperor Francis Joseph ; secondly, the Comitats of Croatia
and of Transylvania have announced their intention of
not having themselves represented in the Diet; thirdly,
it is convoked at Buda and not at Pesth; and
fourthly, there is nothing to indicate that it would be
possible to have the new King presented to the Diet by
his still living predecessor. It must, therefore, of all
necessity, be, either that the Emperor Francis-Joseph must
-content himself with being de facto King of Hungary, or
that the Hungarians must have'the good sense to put right
in accord with fact, by some compromise conformable to
the exigences of the situation and the true interests of the
country." •
The same subject is referred to by the Debate,
which expresses its surprise at serious journals or
political writers laying stress on the matters of
mere form, particularly in the present day, when
States pay but little attention to the form, provided
they have the substance. Our contemporary
says :

"We certainly do not belong to those who despise long
traditions or the symbols which nations venerate for their
antiquity. But who would not wunder to hear the singular
revolutionists of the present time talk of the 'sacred diadem'
with the same superstitious terror as an Egyptian of the
time of Sesostris might have spoken of the divine croco-
diles ? Who would not be amazed at beholding this astound
ing union of veneration for the Phyrgian cap, and of blind
faith in the ampulla ? We every day read in certain journfds
that a formidable and final struggle is about to ensue be-
tween the right of past times and that of the modern day,
between the principle of legitimacy and that of Rational
sovereignty. Theyare mistaken ; nations now viewith their
Governments in ardour for legitimacy ; from Schleswig to
the Danube nations and Governments are striving which
can cite the most ancient precedents'; and there aro States
which have the advantage of, their Governments in that
respect. If Ring Victor Emmanuel reads the journals
which speak of the neceAsities existing for the coronation
in Hungary, he will hardly think himself Sovereign of
Lombardy, for he has no other claim to that title than pos-
session and 'a treaty, whereas the more fortunate Francis
Joseph has kept in his baggage the ' sacred diadem,' the in-
vincible talisman—the Iron Crown."

The Ultramontane journals having found great
faUlt with the translation of the Pope's allocution,
sent round from the office of M. Haves, the Siecle
admits that there were many inaccuracies in it, but
affirms that such slight blots do not in any way
affect the general character of the document.
"What," it asks, "do such details really signify? Is not
the allocution, taken altogether, a violent requisitory
against contemporary civilisation, considered as false and
detestable? The 12ni de la Religion, which is in an
insulting vein, pretends that this document makes
impiety raise a savage roar,' and accuses several of
the journals of being guilty of an odious falsification
of the text, by affirming that the Pope complains
of seeing unbelievers receive public appointments.
Does not the text, however, permit that interpretation ?
Our readers can easily understand that errors must slip
into the correspondence of Havas's agency, which is hastily
written and transmitted ; but what was really odious,' to
use the language of the Aini de la Religion, is to repre-
sent journals which copy, under all reserve, a translation
of a document of which they do not possess the original, as
intentionally guilty of falsification and forgery."

SCIENTIFIC JOTTINGS. —M. Bzaiger recom-
mends chemists to use gun-cotton for filtering concentrated
acids and liquids which are subject to decomposition by
other organic substances. Gun-cotton, when properly
prepared, can only be decomposed by acetic ether. M.
Bcettiger employs it successfully in filtering concentrated
nitric acid, white smoking sulphuric acid, chronic acid, the
permanganate of potash, aqua regia, and concentrated solu-
tions of potash. M._ Leclaire proposes a new method for
preparing drying linseed oil. It consists in shak-
ing up the oil, when boiling, with the peroxide of manga-
nese in powder. When the peroxide has thus been chemi-
cally combined with the oil, the latter becomes eminently
oxydizable—that is, siccative. It acquires colour by being
exposed to the air, and begins to thicken ; by a longer ex-
posure it loses colour, and becomes still thicker, and at
length solid. It may be advantageously used for coating
various articles, which are
generally protected by india-
rubber varni2,ll. The Hal tica, or turnip .flea, a well-known
cal'i'tennls insect, is ono of t he most destructive enemies
of cabbages, cauliflowers, turnips, cc. M. Paul Thenard
1 recommends a mixture of saw-dust and gas-tar, in the
I.pro-
portion of 4 per cent of the latter. A ton of this mixture
(2 acres)
Knecht-Senefelder has published the following process for
will effectually rid the ground of this insect. M.
protecting all kinds of bills of exchange, and other commer-
cial paper from any fraudulent attempts to efface any figure
or wokci by means of chloride or oxalate of potash. Thi
method simply consists in steeping the paper in question for
a few seconds in a solution of gallic acid in water. A, „ivy,
iittle of it is dissolved, the dose is of no consequence. When'
the paper is dry, it may be wr.ft,;.l. upon ; the ink sinks
deeper into the tissue), the writing is darker, and if it be at-
tempted to cfface it by
the above l chemica agents' a black
circle, which nothing can destroy, apperr roand the writ-
ing,
and exposes the criminal attempt. If gallic acid were
introduced into the pulp of the paper in making it, this
would be a still greater improvement,