The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-25 00:00:00

writes))Thich these and like measures produce, I
plat beg you to remember that we are not in
France or in Germany, where the people are accus-
tomed, and Ministers venture, to praise institu-
tions octroyes, The Hungarian is accustomed by
centuries of constitutional conflicts to the veneration
for law and precedent which distinguishes the Eng-
lishman. Each violation of an established law
wounds him to the quick, not because of its parti-
cular effect so much as simply because it is a disre-
gard of what he holds most sacred. It is this great
principle, not less than that of nationality, which
binds together all classes and all creeds, whether
religious or political."

The EMPEROR and his Germans are now
, scheming to get another Diet, which they think
will be a manageable one. The scheme is of
, course utterly illegal. They will revert to
the election code of almost feudal times,
and only persons paying a large amount of taxes,
• and of a few electors who shall havebeen first elected
' by others—double election—will be suffered to vote.
Of course, the idea is that the richer classes will be
more subservient to Vienna, but if all accounts are
correct, this class will prove quite as determined as
any other. The most Conservative Hungarians are as
firmly attached to their constitution—perhaps more
so—as the Radicals themselves. The best informed
correspondents both at Pesth and Vienna expect that
the new Diet will prove as firm and uncompromising 1
on all the main points as the late one, In this
1 case it is supposed that SCHMERLING will resign,
that the Emperor will give up his revolutionary
projects, and will undertake to reign as a lawful
King of Hungary.
It will be remembered that the Diet refused to
proceed to business till the representatives from
Transylvania, as well as from other parts, were
present. The Vienna Government, of course, de-
sires to divide and conquer. Transylvania, there-
fore, it was ordained, should have her own Diet,
and this Diet is now being convened, with every
artifice of political economy, to secure a separation
from Hungary, and an election of Transylvanian
deputies to the Reichsrath. It appears that the
Government has even quarrelled with its own chief
official for Transylvania. We are informed that
the Chancellor of Transylvania, Baron KEMENEY
—a Transylvanian Hungarian—had already drawn
up all the instructions and details; these had actu-
ally received the Imperial sanction and signature.
Baron KEMENEY had returned to the Chancery
to despatch them, when at ten o'clock in the
evening the Archduke RAIGNIER, the Pre-
sident of the Cabinet, called to communicate to
him the will of the EMPEROR that the rescripts
should be returned, as M. SCHMERLING had
declared that he would resign if the said documents
were issued. The rescripts were cancelled, and of
course Baron KEMENEY tendered his resignation,
but this the EMPEROR refused for some time to
accept. Yesterday, however, we learned that the
Baron was firm and that the Court was compelled
to accept it.

It is quite probable that the Government will,
in form, at least, obtain its wish in Transylvania.
It has adopted such measures as can hardly fail to
secure that. But the proceeding will have no
moral weight ; and the Transylvanians when
Hungary succeeds will cast in their lot with her.

Our latest intelligence from the Australian colo-
nies is of a gloomy nature. From Victoria we read
of the all but certain failure of Mr. BURKE'S ex-
ploring expedition, positive information of the
death of several of his party, and the too probable
destruction of the leader himself and three com-
panions, who pressed on from their last depot at
Cooper's Creek to endeavour to reach the Gulf of
Carpentaria ; 'and from the 16th of December, the
day upon which he left Cooper's Creek, until the
return of Mr. BRAHE on the 12th of May, no
tidings had been heard of the missing party. As
soon as the authorities in 3felbournelearned the
facts of the case, a strong party was organised to
search for it; but much time must be lost before
they can reach Cooper's Creek and coromonoo opera-
tions. The Melbourne _Herald gives the following
abstract of the proceedings of the expedition, fol-
lowed by an interesting account, from the pen of Mr.
WRIGHT, which appeared in this journal last week :
—" Sad news has been received about the exploring
expedition. Mr. BRAHE, one of the party, arrived
in town on the 29th of last month, and reported
that Mr. BURKE, the leader of the expedition, left
Cooper's Creek on the 16th December, to start for
the Gulf of Carpentaria, and that nothing had been
heard of him since. He was accompanied by
Messrs. WILLS, KING, and GRAY, and six camels
and one horse, and left the remainder of his party
under the charge of Mr. BRAHE, at Cooper's Creek.
The party remaining at the depot were—Messrs.
BRAHE (in charge), PATTON, M`DONOUGFI, DOST
MAHOMMED, and camels and 10 horses. Mr. WRIGHT,
the officer in charge of the contingent party, left at
the Darling, moved onwards towards Cooper's
Creek. It being summer, nearly all the watercourses
had been dried up, and the ravages of scurvy re-
duced the effective strength of the party to an
alarming extent. Unable to proceed from these
causes, he established a camp and stockade at Bulla,
where the natives became hostile, and repeatedly
attacked them. Mr. LUDWIG BECKER, the naturalist
and artist, and a gentleman of great scientific ac-
quirements, and Messrs. CHAS. STONE, W.PURCELL,
and PATTON died, at various intervals during the
journey. Three of the horses perished from exhaus-
tion, two of the camels from scab, and another was
lost." The success of this expedition was looked for-
ward to with confidence by the exploring committee,
great preparations having been made for it. Camels
had been imported at a considerable expense to
accompany it, under the expectation that these
animals would be able to endure the privations of
the desert and want of water better than horses ;
they, however, failed, being all more or less affected
by scab, while the majority of the horses survived.
Too much attention cannot be paid to the appoint..
ment of an expedition into an unknown region in
which the lives of many individuals are at stake.
The stations or depots should be numerous, the
main body should never advance until a small
party lightly equipped had explored some hundred
miles in advance to ascertain whether water could
be found. This could be done easily by providing
the party so employed each with a led horse, and
these horses should be of the best quality.
This is a common practice with stock holders,
when they wish to explore in search of a new sta-
tion, and the ground that is thus traversed by two
or three men with little baggage is surprising.
Where a wide extent of desert has to be traversed,
by establishing pickets at short intervals a supply
of water might be brought forward
water;
er; to
until
do the
ad-
vanced party had die eo v ered Wthis pro-
perlya large party would be required, but in the
long run a party of this description would be
cheaper both in human life and expense, and stand
a better chance of success. Promptness of action
and the least possible loss of time are the chief re-
-1 quisitcs, therefore to this end, care should be taken
i
in the selection of all those employed in the enter-
prise. We do not in the least with to complain of
those employed in the present instance, but we do
complain of the practice of sending small parties
into a country remarkable for the scarcity of water

without every available means being placed at their
disposal for quick travelling and continuous commu•
• nication. Scurvy seems to have been prevalent among
• the party. A proper supply of preserved meat, and
what game could be killed on the road ought to pre-
, vent this, and enable the men to travel in safety
and comfort.
Let us change the scene, and see what is going
on in New South Wales. If the China war be over
in Asia, it is by no means so in Australia. The
steady increase of these Mongolians in the colonies
in spite of all restrictions and taxation has
rendered the diggers already exasperated against
them furious, and despite the endeavours of the
authorities to preserve order by the prao-
tice of fixing certain limits to the Chinese
encampments, a wholesale attack was made
at Lambing Flat, which is situated some six
miles from Back Creek, near Yass, and on the
boundary of the colony, on the unfortunate China-
men, by some three thousand armed ruffians, who
not only maltreated them, but openly plundered
them of all portable property and burned the re-
mainder; thence they proceeded to Back Creek,
and here another outrage was committed. The
authorities took up the matter, and the next Sun-
day arrested three of the ring-leaders. The news
spread like wildfire, and the cry of " Roll up " re.
sounded through Tipperary Gully, and in a short
time a large body of armed men attacked the Police
Camp. They were repulsed, however, but the next
day Captain ZOUCH had to retire, leaving the in-
surgents masters of the field. Troops are being for-
warded from Sydney, and elsewhere, and the riot
will no doubt be quelled, but not, we fear, without a
considerable loss of life and property. Since the
memorable Ballarat riots such a scene has not taken
place. In that case the diggers showed a certain
moderation, and were fighting against tyrannical and

unjust oppression; in the present case, however, wan-
ton barbarity has been indulged in, and although
we regret the presence of the objectionable Mon-
golians, still they are hardworking and inoffensive,
and if the authorities allow them to land, they
are bound to protect them from wanton brutality.
We give in another part of our impression an ac-
count of the affair, taken from the Australian Mail
in which our readers will obtain full information
on the subject.

New Zealand is still in a state of partial revolt,
and a renewal of hostilities on a more extended
scale is imminent. The natives, encouraged by
designing missionaries and others, who desire to
keep up their influence over these simple but turbu-

lent creatures, decline all terms offered to them by
the
.Government. It is not to be expected, when
one set of white men urge them to support their
supposed rights, that they will listen to any

terms from the other side. Those who act in this
unprincipled manner have much to answer for.
The following anecdote is given in the Australian
Mail. It must be taken for what it is worth, but
anyhow it speaks well for the determination of
General CAMERON :—" With regard to the in-
fluences that have been brought to bear upon this
question, and that have so materially tended to the
present complications, the following paragraph is
not without significance :—Referring to a rumour
that was current some days ago, to the effect that

he Bishop of NEW ZEALAND had been endeavour-

ing to influence the mind of the new Commander-
in-Chief (Major. General CAMERON), with regard to
the justice or injustice of the war, we may mention
that a letter was received yesterday by a gentleman
in this city which confirms the report. It would
appear that on a certain day Dr. SHLWYN waited
upon the gallant veteran, and after an interchange
of civilities, at once broached the object of his mis-
sion, offering to discuss the Maori question with

the General, and to point out the unjustifiable nature
of the contest now being waged by against New Zea-
landers by the British. General CAMERON'S
reply was just what might have been expected from
his character and reputation as a soldier. 'My
Lord,' said he, ' it is no pars of my duty to discuss
questions of theology with your Lordship. The
QUEEN has sent me to quell the rebellion and to
maintain the supremacy of her rule in this island,
and I mean to do it. Good day.' "

All these difficulties will, of course, be overcome,
and matters arranged after some fashion sooner
or later ; but, had proper care been taken
by the various Governments and equal justice
administered, we much doubt whether Captain
BURKE'S unfortunate expedition would have come
to its untimely end, the riot on Lambing Flat been
serious, or the doubtful war in New Zealand have
ever token place.

• The position of Italy at the present moment is
one of deep interest, in a soc:al point of view no
less than in a political aspect. When the smoke of
the battle has cleared away, when the shock of
overthrown dynasties is no longer felt, when the
enthusiasm and excitement which keep large masses
of men together, lose somewhat of their charm, then
is the severest test of all newly-organised States.
On the same principle that affection which is capa.
ble of great sacrifices cannot stand petty wear and
tear, we often find men who have done great deeds
in the face of hostile force and craft fail in pre-
serving that which they have accomplished. The
Italians, notwithstanding the proverbial vehe-
mence and fickleness of their Southern race, have
as yet given the world no cause to fear
for their future. The arts are again reviving under
their native skies. Italy, which was once the focus
of the industrial arts, no less than the scene of the
triamphs of the graces, once more takes her place
I
among the nations of Europe, and the bright city
of the Arno competes with its greater northern rivals
in an Industrial Exhibition. We ars not surprised
at the deep interest which the new Sovereign of
Tuscany appears to take in its welfare. We have all
read the sentences he addressed to the enthusiastic
auditory at the opening of the Exhibition at Flo-
rence.
We learn that in addition to the state occa-
sions he has since paid a private visit of inspection
and examined the building and its contents with
eagerness, expressing his satisfaction by bestowing
decorations on the architects. It must be in-
deed a matter of gratifilation to VICTOR EM-
MANUEL that a people so recently transferred
from one Government to another are so well con-
tented with their new rule; that instead of indulg-
ing in those plots, intrigues, and party feuds which
have been for centuries the great drawback to
Italian freedom and Italian unity, his new subjects
can centre their interest on an exhibition of this
nature. The Constitutionnel of the 22d mingles
some truths with the JOSEPH SURFACE platitudes
peculiar to Parisian oratory and journalism. After
being informed that "everything will be unravelled
in time" (the designs of their own EMPEROR pos-
sibly included), we are told that " the unity of Italy
will be longlived and strong because it is the will
of Italy which alone accomplishes it ;" and further,
that "Italy, free from tho Austrian yoke, will
Work out alone the modification of her national
existence." The national existence of the couatry-
-1
inen of RAPHAEL and GALILEO would indeed be
Incomplete without Art and Science, and in con-
templating the future of Italy we must always
allow for their benign and fascinating influences.
There is scarcely a city in that famous land which cannot boast its association ,
with some great name 1