The Sun.
London, England, 1857-09-10 00:00:00

ONDON, Tll U.IIDAY EVENING, SEP rEmmiat 10, it. 157.

BANK OF DEPOSIT, 3, Pall mall .
London. Established A.D. 1844. Parties desirous of invest-
ing. Money are requested to examine the Plan of the Bank of
Deposit. Prospectuses and forms for opening accounts sent free on
application. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.

rOR the SEA. SIDE.—TRAVELLING SUITS,
with Cap, complete, 21. 18s. to Three Guineas; the Beaufort
Goat, 21. 10s. ; the new Summer Trousers, One Guinea ; Baden
Waistcoats, Two for One Guinea.
EXCELLENCE WITH ECONOMY.
GEORGE HOBSON, 57, Lombard-street.

GUILDHALL, 9th September, 1857. The
Committee for Letting the City's Lands will meet at Guildhall
on WEDNESDAY, the 16th ir.t , at One o'clock precisely, to re-
ceive Proposlis for Leases of several Rouses and Prerni.es. Nos. 1,
to 8, and a Workshop in Evans-place, 11111-street ; Nos. 1, 2. 3,4, 5,
6,7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, IG, 17, 18, and 20, in North-place, Banner-
streat, Finsbury.
Plans of the property may be seen, and forms of tender abtained,
upon application at the Architect's Office, Guildhall.
FERDINAND BRAND, Comptroller.

thousands, and I might almost say at present,
taking the whole of that circuit with which we are
connected. and which numbers about 2,000,000 of
inhabitants, that thousands of Sunday schools are
not merely obtaining the inestimable benefits of
Sunday-school tuition, but on the week days aro
taught reading, writing, arithmetic, geography,
and other useful, and, -I may almost say', neces-
sary branches of knowledge.. (Cheers.) lam sure
nothing can be more gratifying than the sight
which you have all witnessed this evening. Some
of the pupils who have received the well deserved
prasse of your applause, as well as the premium
and certificates, aro of the most tender age. There
was one of 15, another of 14, one or two at 16, and
one as young as 12 ; and that youngest of all, to
my astonishment, receives a prize for his progress
in the knowledge of social economy. (Hear, and
cheers.) It is much too lath now to raise any
question—though I am, unforimnately, old enough
to remember much question being raised upon it
—or even to whisper any doubt of the right of the
bulk of our fellow countrymen, of all ranks and
classes, to receive not only ordinary instruction,
but also sound instruction on the subject in
which the working classes have the greatest
interest of all—l mean political philosophy, the
knowledge of social subjects, and the improvement
of our laws, in the amendment of which no
class has so iname hate—l will say immediate—an
interest as the working classes themsslve-. Ido
hope and trust, though it is much too far for these
good men to go themselves, that I shall meet, when
I go in the capacity of president of the congress to
be hell at Birmingham in the middle of next month
on the subject of all the improvements that have
taken place, and are about to take place, and are
in contemplation, in matters connected with the
social interests of the community—what may lee
called social economy —I hope aid trust I shall have
the happiness on that occasion of meeting some re-
presentatives of the classes of our working men in
this great town of Manchester. I have said that
there are some things less palatable, but more
wholesome, than mere congratulations; and there-
fore I am about to address a few words partly to
the working men themselves—those classes from
which come the pupils who have been rewarded
this evening, sted partly to the employers of them,
classes and the patrons and supporters of these in-
stitutions. First, with respect to the institutions
themselves. It is a good and safe rule that they
should not attempt too much. In many plsces at-
tempting lectures has been a failure. I was not
aware unlil I came' here yesterday, and particularly
till I heard the report which Mr. Morris has read
this evening, to how great an extent lectures had
in this part of the kingdom been of late a failure.
But that which is no failure, which requires very
much less funds to support it, less trouble and en-
treaty among the working classes to get them to
useful; and into-
resting attend,
booksis t the furnishing
to of
rge oaodd. ,
The plan of the
itinerating liberarses has been so successful that in
whatever town or village the itinerant library so-
journs for three or four weeks in the course of its
progress there is no other book in demand in that
place, so much homage is paid to the judicious se-
lection of the works which load those boxes of the
itinerating library. It is remotely connected with
that remark that I should make an observation by
way of advice to all the 100 institutions connected
in the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. I would
strongly inculcate the absolute necessity of the
most careful attention to regular proceedings in
point of finance, so as never to have any confusion
in the accounts—never anyinaccuracy, eitherin the
keeping of them, or the applying of the funds, or in
the raising of the funds: and at once to stop, as it
is their duty, as well as their interest, when they
find that any fund ,is deficient, and not to go on
with the expense one month or day beyond the time
they can afford it. I have known so much mischief
to arise from the neglect of this ru'e which is not
only the rule of policy, but of that which is the best
policy, the rule of honesty itself—and I am allud-
ing to no institution whatever in Lancashire, Che-
shire, or Yorkshire, or the four northern counties,
but urther to the southward there hive been the
greatest possible mischiefs arising from the neglect
of this rule, and from not remembering, not only
generally and vaguely that which all men are very
aptto admit, that "honesty is the best policy;" but
that the rule ought to be, "Owe no man anything;"
and that as soon as you find you cannot go on with-
out defrauding your Creator of his due, for that is
the real meaning of it, it is your duty to stop and
wind up, and say, "We find we have no funds for
going further." Through the negloot of this plain
and obvious rube. institutions are about to be given
' up, not only to the great injury of those who might,
had they still been carried on judiciously, fairly, and
regularly, have continued to profit by them, but to
the great disrepute of the whole system, which the
enemies, if any such still there are, of popular in-
struction are quite sure to lay hold of and turn against
us. This last rule which I have urged is applicable
to the working classes themselves, but there are
also one or two other remarks which I would fain
address to them. There are two courses of conduct
of which I won't say that I should rigorously and
without any poseibility of exceptionrequire one to be
the rule, but as to which somewhere about a middle
oourse might be taken. We have often heard of two
1 classes of men—one snaking a pleasure ofbusiness and
the other proceeding on a perfectly oppositeprinciple,
making a business of pleasure. And those classes
adopt two different forms of a very old proverb
which sets forth that "home is borne, be it never
so homely." One class adopts that form, but the
other is rather dispos. d to say " home is homely,
be it never so home ”—(laughter)—and accordingly
we see not a few instances in the upper as well as
the working classes of persons_ anxious as often as
they can to leave their home, either for innocent
amusments, or for the tavern, or the alehouse, or
the gaming-house. I am very far from saying that
I would rigorously interdict all moving from home,
all going up and down upon different-occasions, in
moderation, innocently, prudently ; or from le!-
quiring that men should belong to that class of
which there are but few members, who make a plea-
surethere is an old proverb which says, ~All work and
of their business ; on the contrary, I think
no play makes Jack a dull boy.' But our amuse-
ment should always he sutordinate to business, and
even instruction itself, the slaking the thirst of
knowledge, should be make subordinate to the
avocations of necessary work. The first duty of
man is to provide fur his own independence by his
own work, and not either to amuse himself or in-
dulge in any gratification—not even in that more
than innocent, most sacred gratification, of assuag-
ing his thirst for knowledge, until he has done his
day's work, and done that which is his bounden duty
as well as his highest interest to do, work with his
own hands fur the provision of himself and his
family. (Cheers.) And when I talk of working
men—l eon myself, and have been all my life a
working lilan—(great c'eeerine)—and as long as I
aui blessed with health enough to continue, even at
my advanced time of life, I shall continue to la-
bour—(cheers)—and I shall never henceforth, any
mere than I have done, partake of any relaxation,
not even in gratifying my thirst for knowledge,
until I have earned the right to do it by having
aonc my day's work. There are other rules as to
which I would allow no campromise, no middle
course whatever, and they are the maxims which
Ought to preside over a man's whole employment of
his time. The one is to do one thing at a time
only ; the next is never to put off till to-morrow
what you can do to-day ; and the third, always to
fisish one thing before you begin another. A very
great and most celebrated man in Holland—De
Witt—was once asked how it happened that he got
through so much business and of such varied kind,
for he was not only a great statesman, and a Mini-
ster, but also a most eminent mathematician and a
literary man • and his answer was that it was by
two rules which he always observed—to do one
thing only at a time, and never to put off till to-
morrow what he could do to-day. These were his
golden rules. I knew a great statesman, now no
snore, of another country, who used to say, on the
other hand, his principle was, "Never to do to-day
what you could put off till to-morrow:" (Laughter.)
And when I cried out against this as a most hetero-
dox political doctrine he gave me half a dozen in-
stances in which advantage bad occurred from his
continual procrastination of measures that were
pressed upon him.. These were certainly the ex-
ceptions to the rule. I admit that he urged his
perverse maxim rather by way of pleasantry than
anything else, and I think it was no recommenda-
tion of it that he could produce so few instances in
its favour. (Hear.) Having detained you so long,
I sill not now say much on the great advantage of
regular habits and of strict attention not merely to
what is commonly called honesty, which of course
no man doubts it is his bounden duty as well as his
highest interestto adhere to, but to guarding against
those irregularities which degenerate into disho-
nesty,
though when first admitted theyseem to have
all analogous to it. Let me only
no appearance at
add one word on the absolute necessity that, as at
C.srlisle and in other parts of the northern counties,
the rule should be for all institutions to be self-
supporting, as otherwise they could not beyond a
very Short time be continued at all. I hope you will

excuse me for having detained you so long, and
perhaps so superfluously, on the present occasion,
but I• could not do otherwise, when I had the hap-
piness of finding myself once more among you,
than give vent to those feelings- which I have of
gratification at what has occurred here this night,
and the sight of these intglectual young moil
carrying off the prizes, and al:o of Making a small
return, the only return I could make to you for
your-kind attention, by giving utterance to one or
two maxims which are always admitted in general
terms, but which in practice nra very much too
(Ate negleced. (Load cheers.).
.
The proeedings concluded with a vote of thanks
to the noble Lord for presiding im this occasion,.
which was moved by Mr., Brown, M.P., and
seconded-by Mr. Cheetham, M.P. .

DR. LIVINGSTON ON THE COMMERCIAL
PRODUCTS OF AFRICA.