The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-16 00:00:00

KING OF ITALY !

England has recognized him as such—France has
recognized him as such—Europe has looked on
without interfering or attempting to interfere in
the marvellous exploit of this stupendous political
transformation.

Having these historical facts visibly before us, it
is impossible not to feel persuaded that sooner or
later in Poland and in Hungary the example of
Italy will prove, by a sort of inevitable necessity,
contagious. Whenever a revolutionary movement
has convulsed France by a rising of the Parisians—
the shock has affected more or less powerfully the
surrounding nationalities. It was so in the First,
the great French Revolution. Particularly in the
earlier epoch of that Revolution, between 1789 and
1793, down to the establishment of that effete
Directory which was to prepare the way for the
Great NAPOLEON'S Consular, and afterwards Im-
perial Government. It was thus, moreover, in 1830
upon the anniversary of the Revolution of July.
It was thus, finally, in 1848 upon the outbreak of
the Revolution of February. Directly the throne
of France was overthrown—firstly, that of Louis
XVI., secondly, that of CHARLES X., thirdly, that
of Louis PHILIPPE, the King (absurd misnomer, as
it turned out to be!) of the Barricades—other
thrones in the surrounding capitals of Europe
trembled to their foundation,or actually toppled over,
other monarchs fell victims north, south, and east
(not west !) to the contagion of revolt spreading
from the direction of Paris among the insurgent
populations. Bat—the example of Italy is calcu-
lated to act, it may be more tardily, but also far
more effectively upon Poland and upon Hungary,
than even the example of Paris has acted upon the
different nations of Christendom. For the exploit
jauisat:; the
carried out by the Italians, first of all, with the
Emperor of the FRENCH, and afterwards
the
in spite ofEmperor of the French, is in
in its very
and whole character,
precisely
yre
the
eanvdery bacehaii•einvge:
ment that comes home most directly, both to the
Poles and the Hungarians. For, in point of fact,
what is the example recently set by Italy and the
Italians ? It is that of a
nationcombining' its
hitherto divided energies, bringing together its long
scattered elements, uniting its estranged portions
into one grand and homogeneous whole, and there-
upon declaring its Unification and its political In-1
dependence. This, as all Europe knows, has been
the passionate hope, the prayerful aspiration of
unhappy Poland ever since the accursed day that
witnessed the final act of her dismemberment. As
to Hungary the work of unification is already there,
is already accomplished--her enterprize resolves
itself simply into tip.; vindication, for once and for
all, of her political independence. But with Poland
and the Poles the example presented to view, by
the recent annals of Italy and the Italians, must
infallibly prove eventually irresistible. Let Italy
but consolidate, more and more firmly, her inde-
pendence and her unification—and the unification
and the independence of Poland will follow as a
necessary consequence. The deplorable events that
have lately occurred in the ancient Capital of the
Polish kingdom have only rendered more imminent
the political resurrection of this long-buried
nationality. Arising out of these melancholy occur-
rences there has now, very recently, appeared at
Warsaw a long document, amounting to nothing

less than a formal Bill of Indictment against the'
three great Robber Despotisms, by whose most
infamous conspiracy Poland was murdered and dis-
membered. This document is issued in the form of
"An Address to the Nation by the Inhabitants
of Warsaw." Its preamble is remarkable. " Russia,
Austria and Prussia," says the opening paragraph,
" by their strength united in an unhallowed league,
deprived Poland in 1791 of her political existence.
These three Powers that divided our native land as
a y
still reign over us ; dismem-
bered the hands of foreign foes who,
prey
Polandbetween
is them,
in
though shades of difference be discernible in their
conduct towards us, pursue as their common object
the consummation of our national death. Our
enemies sow seeds of discord amongst us, they
foment divisions between landowners and tenants,
they villify the Jews so as to draw on them the
contempt of Christians, they endeavour to create
hatred between the Poles and Ruthenes, though
we are all children of the same soil—all Poles, all
brothers. They endeavour to make us forget our
mother tongue, and in order to render it less fami-
liar to us, they prescribe the German and Russian in
our schools. Dreading the light of science they
falsify and mutilate history, they throw obstacles
in our way in the pursuit of knowledge, they have
suppressed all our national universities, all our
high schools ; they do not even allow us to found
poor schools that are not wholly on the Government
system and under Government control." After a
great deal has been remarked in a similar strain,
the Address then adds thus solemnly—" In the
name of Poland, and for the love of Polish rights
and liberties, we, the inhabitants of Warsaw,
still covered with blood, our wounds still
fresh and , gaping, address this appeal to
all our fellow-countrymen, exhorting them
to mutual confidence, love, and union. The
peasants form the most numerous class in our
country. If they enjoy the rights of landowners,
national ideas and national enterprise will have
a larger scope of action ; the organisation of the
country, resting on a broader foundation, will
acquire more strength, for the whole nation will be
interested in its development. Let the gentry
then endeavour to raise the peasantry to a proper
level; let them show themselves experienced guides
and affectionate brothers." In all the recommen-
dations addressed to the Poles by the inhabitants
of 'Warsaw there is nothing of a revolutionary or
inflammatory kind—notwithstanding all their late
terrible provocations. The long suffering of Poland
in truth is almost as amazing as its constancy.
Both, let us rest assured of this, will, in the full-
ness of time, meet with their reward in the re-
vival of the Polish Nationality. A Kingdom of
Poland for the Poles the world will yet see, as
surely as it now sees a Kingdom of Italy secured
to the Italians.

The American papers and correspondents busy
themselves of course in discussing the plans to be
adopted by Congress, but they are only of use as
shewing the resources of the country in regard to
taxation. All seem to agree that tea, coffee, and
perhaps tobacco and sugar, or rather their con-
sumers, must be made to bear the burden of the war.
A tax of one per cent. on property would realise
about £14,000,000 ; but it seems to be the general
opinion that direct taxation, which must be sub-
mitted to if the war continues, will not be proposed
in the first instance. It is supposed that they
will at first be content with six er
seven millions, which may be raised on
the above-mentioned articles, and that they will
endeavour to raise about £25,000,000 by customs
and excise before they resort to direct taxation.
These are the -views which seem to be popular, and
in America the popular will must of course he fol-
lowed. On nothing ought it to be followed more
than in the way in which the people propose to
raise funds. It is for the Government to show
them what is wanted ; it is for them to say in what
way they will meet the demand. It looks well
that at present taxation seems to be preferred to
loans: If the war lasts we hope the country will
still have virtue to avoid burdening posterity with
the cost of this generation's quarrels.
The impatience for military action is very great
—so much so that General SCOTT is accused by
some of being more of a Virginian than an American.
It may be disastrous, should he be driven by popu-
lar clamour to act before he is fairly prepared for it.
The Southerners have to a certainty erected many
strong defences, the cannon which they were so
absurdly allowed to find in such plenty in Norfolk
Navy Yard affording an ample supply for that
purpose. The General has by no means too many
forces around Washington, if he ought to guard
against any possible sudden bold move of the Con-
federates against Washington, and from all that we
see his disciplined troops are hardly sufficient yet
for any decided success, such as ought to attend a
first move.

From some accounts, too, which may be relied
on, his commissariat is yet in very imperfect order.
He is said to demand at least a thousand more
waggons, and contractors in America do not seem
superior to their class in other countries. An
American writer himself says :—" Some reports
represent their forces as demoralised, and utterly
unfit for fighting, especially the Pennsylva-
nians; but I do not give them full credit, though
it is true that the Pennsylvania troops have been
most shamefully swindled by the contractors, hav-
ing received bad clothing, worse food, ane the worst
of arms. The genius of roguery is indeed rampant
just now, and Government is cheated in a style
that would astound the most accomplished plun-
derers in Europe. What do yon think of a regi-
ment being in rags—literally in rags, and no
metaphor—in 10 days after it had marched from
home, and without having seen a single hour's
active service? Such has been the fate of the Ist
Massachusetts Regiment. It left Boston for Wash-
ington 17 days since, and for a week or more it has
been ragged enough to excite the envy of all the
scarecrows in the district of Columbia. The men
will not parade except in their great-coats, and
those covers of the sins of the contracting tailors
are rapidly catching the disease of ragged-
ness from so very close association with the lesser
habiliments of the poor fellows. Massachusetts
sets herself up so stiffly as the model of all excel-
lence, that ill-natured people are not sorry at this
opportunity having occurred to hit her hard, and
to teach her charity. Others of her regiments
have fared badly, though even they would
not be seen
While things are in this state
going through C
tainly cannot move far into an nveGenemy'sl i tsthecrotrhTi
teTo
r 1
cys
et.
r.

It is stated that Lord J. Russell upon the creation
peerage will also be appointed a Knight of the
Go f leis
Garter.—Times. rt ier . Times.

REPRESENTATION OF TIIE CITY OF LONDON.
The announcement that Lord John Russell is to be raised
to the peerage has caused some excitement in the City.
Among the conservative party yesterday morning there was
a strong desire to secure the services of ➢lr. Thomas Baring,
at present M.P. for Huntingdon. The Lord Mayor is also
spoken of as a possible candidate on the conservative side.
On the liberal side Mr. Raikes Currie and Sir J. Stuart
Wortley, formerly Recorder of London, are spoken of.
THE GREAT GLOBE.—Yesterday the Great Globe,
erected by permission of Government in the enclosure,
Leicester-square, by Mr. Wyld, M.P., during the Great
Exhibition of 1851, was finally closed. The building is
forthwith to be pulled down, and the ground cleared. The
statue of George I. is built into the centre of the building.
It is proposed to have ornamental fountains in the square,