The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-03 00:00:00

God save the Queen.

REPRESENATION OF THE WEST RlDlNG.—Yes-
terday (Wednesday) afternoon, a well-attended meeting of
the Committee of the West Riding Reform and Registra-
tion Association was held at the Stock Exchange, Leeds, for
the purpose of taking into consideration the recommenda-
tion of the sub-committee of the association, that Sir John
William Ramsden, the present member for Ilythe, should
be put into nomination for the seat for the West Riding,
about to be vacated by the elevation of Lord Viscount
Goderich to the House of Lords. The meeting resolved to
invite,Sir J. W. Ramsden to become a candidate, who had
previously signified his willingness to be put in nomination
if it was the wish of the had )rs of the Liberal party. The
Cowen-Mina have made zio movement;

The future progress of submarine telegraphy may
e said to depend in a great measure upon the re-
mits which will be achieved by the companT which
.as laid the present defunct wire bet Ween England
nd America. If the cable is capable of being re•
Cored to such a condition as will permit the trans-
tiission of signals, all, of course, will go well. If,
n the other hand, as is most probable, the wire is
'und to be useless, and the company fail to obtain
guarantee for the capital required for a new cable
rom the Government, then the advocates of long
ines of submarine communication are likely to be
hecked in their enterprises until such time as the
ieavy loss entailed by the present unsuccessful
Aterapt has been forgotten in the mercantile world.
rhe chances of restoring the line to a healthy con-
lition, as regards the transmission of messages,
appear to be very small indeed ; in fact, the tests
or faults give such results as almost to lead to the
)elief that continuity has ceased and the wire is
ompletely parted. Nevertheless, in spite of this
lost discouraging state of things, !there are not
7anting able men who express themselves confident
_hat the wire is still capable of being restored to
'cod working order. Of these various schemes and
.repositions only two deserve notice. The first is
lade by a gentleman of skill and experience, who
a-oposes to better the earth connections of the wire,
:hich at Valentia were always bad, and which now
rom oxidisation of the plates, are worse than ever.
3y enlarging to a considerable degree • the present
surface of earth plates, and saturating the earth
ound them with a solution of sulphate of copper,
there is no doubt that the condition of the wire may
e much improved. His plan is next to charge the
'vire itself till in a state of electrical equilibrium,
and so keep it in circuit with a battery, and, on the
.nake-and-break principle, disturb the electricity in
the wire and transmit the signal. This gentleman
has made several experiments in the presence of the
Lord Lieutenant, in Phoenix-park, upon an uninsu-
lated wire, upwards of 100 yards in length, immersed
in water, and through which signals were freely sent.
This, however, is by no means a new discovery, as
some time since messages were sent across the Ser-
pentine under water by means of a perfectly unin-
sulated wire. But during the experiment in Phoenix
Park the experimenter -not only sent messages
through the core of the wire, but through the con-
ductor and the outside metal covering of the rope,
simultaneously. From the results of these experi-
ments the inventor thinks that, even in case of the
copper conductor in the Atlantic cable being severed,
he could still transmit signals along the outer cover-
ing of spiral wires, though this hope is not enter-
tained either by eminent electricians or even by the
officers of the company. Another proposition is to
underrun the wire till the most serious faults on
the English and Newfoundland side have been raised
and repaired. Such a plan, however, would not
only be most expensive but hazardous in the ex-
treme, as, in case of the cable parting under the
strain of raising in deep water, even the value which
it now undoubtedly possesses as a medium for the
return current, in case of a new wire being laid,
would be utterly and totally lost. A costly attempt,
likely to be attended with such injurious results, is
therefore rather to be deprecated than regarded as
a means by which the state of the cable may be im-
proved. In the meantime, as we have said, the con-
dition of the wire is as bad as it can possibly be.
About the middle of last October very powerful
batteries were put in circuit at the Newfoundland
station, in order to force the signal, if possible, past
the fault on the English side. This dangerous ex-
pedient, however, was attended with very slight
success, the only and the last signal which reached
the English shore being the words, " Daniell's in
circuit.' Almost immediately after this a large and
most important fault was discovered at the New-
foundland end, apparently about 400 miles from
land, and caused beyond all doubt by the use of the
powerful batteries referred to. The tests to discover
the exact distance of this fault from land have given
the most uncertain and contradictory results. At
ono time the injury has appeared within 300 miles,
and the tests for several days has given the dis-
tance as exactly 371. After that, however, the
distance fluctuated between 400 and 900 miles,
settling down finally at about 750 from land. This
fault is supposed to be even of a more serious nature
than that on the English coast. About a month
since the words " Henly" and " You understand"
were received at the station at Newfoundland, and
for a time revived the hopes of those in charge at
that side of the Atlantic that successful means had
been found to restore the cable to working order.
Unfortunately, a comparison of dates showed that
on the day these words reached Newfoundland the
station at Valentia was locked up and deserted, and
the signals, therefore, were merely due to the con-
stant and perplexing vagaries of earth currents.
The fault on the English side remains in just the
same state and position as when it was first disco-
vered at the beginning of September last, about
270 miles from land. This distance, calculating
the amount of slack wire payed out during the
last days of the submerging operation, would place
the fault at about 220 statute miles from shore, or
somewhere upon the now well-known mountain
range which divides the deeps of the Atlantic from
the comparatively shallow waters of the Irish
coast. The logs and diaries kept by those on board
the Agamemnon during her las- successful cruise
show that this range was crossed between 4 and 5
o'clock on the afternoon of the 3d August, or more
than an hour before the time when it was expected
the ship would arrive upon it. It was intended
by Sir Chas. Bright to allow a great quantity of
slack cable to run while crossing this ridge, in
order that there might be amply sufficient to reach
the bottom of all inequalities -which might exist
there undiscovered by the sounding line. But,
through the defective and most uncertain method
of ascertaining the speed of a ship at present in
vogue-in the Royal Navy,the Agamemnon through-
out the whole cruise steamed at a greater rate than
was registered by the log line. Owing to this cir-
cumstance the range of high submarine land was
reached at least an hour before the expected
time, the first intimation given to those on board
being a sudden decrease in the registered strain
upon the dynamometer and an equally rapid
falling off in the speed of the cable's paying out,
the Agamemnon all the time maintaining the
same rate registered by the log. Sir Charles
Ilright's attention was called to the circumstance,
and he, seeing that the shallow water was approach-
ing, or had actually been reached, at once ordered
the weights to be taken off the brakes, and allowed
a quantity of slack cable to go overboard by the
rim. The doubt, however, is now whether the
falling off in the strain and speed of the cable was
observable at all till the top of the ridge had been
gained, and, if this was the case, it is more than
probable that the cable remained suspended upon
some projecting points of the steep till its insula-
tion was gradually injured and destroyed by its
own weight. This, of course, is only a conjecture,
but it is quite borne out by the distance at which
the fault is situated exactly coinciding with the
arrival of the Agamemnon at this ridge. This steep
range is often mentioned as a sloping bank, though
upon what ground it is so called it is hard to say,
for but two soundings were taken upon it—one a-
the bottom and another at the top, and these,
though only eight miles apart, show a difference in
elevation of 7,300 feet ! Of the nature of the inter-
vening space no one can, of course, form any-
thing but conjectures, and whether the sides of this
submarine mountain are broken by ravines and
precipitous cliffs, in the same way as the sides of
mountains on land, nothing but a close and accurate
series of soundings will ever determine.
The Atlantic Company, in case all methods to
resuscitate the cable fail, have applied to Govern-
ment for a guarantee of 4-1- per cent, on a fresh
capital of
500,000. This application is based not
alone on thesuch ground of State necessity for
a
means of instant communication with our North
American provinces, but also on the precedent of
the Treasury kaving already .given guarantees to
other submarine lines, especially to the Red Sea
Company, whose capital of £BOO,OOO is guaranteed
to the same amount. If the principle of a guarantee
for a submarine line to India is admitted, it appears
difficult to see how it can be withheld from a hne to
America, for none can foretell the hour when such
events may occur as may render telegraphic com-
munication with Canada not only desirable, but of
vital importance to the interests and well-being of
the nation. During even the brief time that the
Atlantic telegraph remained in use one message
alone, countermanding the embarkation of the 39th
and 62d Regiments for India, probably saved this
untry some ,£50,000 sterline- If te imense
ts•
importance of such a means of communicationcat on was
thus shown in the course of a single fortnight,
what results may not be anticipated when such a
can
. line is laid asbe implicitly depended upon to
remain in work for •
years From the additional
information which has
nowd been gained as to the
best means of submergingeaseel-sea cables, no doubt
exists but that, in the
be a fresh wire being
laid, contractors couldfoundfor to undertake to
perform the work successfuly
tiandgiven sum, in
short, to insure both company Governmentfromany
against loss. No proposition, however,
Atlantic Company has much chance in the share
market without the sanction of a Government
oliarantee.

Reform Reform Population. Reform Assessed Taxes, and Seats •
Population. Act. Counties.
Population. Act. 1859. Act. in proportion to Taxes,
Counties. 1831. 1851.
Seats. Seats. (Estimated.) Seats. 1856.
1 -
Chester
2 Durham 239,256 10 390,997 10 451,054 10 22,830 6 Durham 2
3 Gloucester
4 Kent
5 Lancashire 1,336,854 26 2,031,236 26 2,343,233 26 120,953 32 Lancashire 5
6 Middlesex
7 Nottingham
8 Stafford
9 Surrey 486,434 11 683,082 11 788,003 11 101,634 26 Surrey.
10 Warwick
11 Worcester
12 West Riding (York) 984,609 18 1,325,495 18 1,529,091 18 71,559 19 West Riding (York) 12
- -
Total .... .... 6,800,937 169 9,478,764 169 10,934,702 169 £1,013,921, 263
Forty Counties, and
N. &E. Riding (Yk.) 7,095,860 331 8,448,845 331 9,085,887 $3l 912,629 237
Fifty-two Counties... 13,996,797 500 17,927,609 500 20,020,589 500 £1,926,550 500
SUMMARY OF RESULTS.
1831. 1851. 1859. £
ge population per seat in 'l2 counties of first group.. 40,240 56,087 64,701 . Assessed taxes per seat in 12 counties of first group
2, 5,992767
do. in 40 counties of second table 21,440 25,525 27,449 - Do. in 40 counties

* Some seats were left unappropriated by Mr. Bright, and the Times also. We have supposed them to be added to the twelve counties, to ma]
t Mr. Bright's plan gives 17 seats to Scotland and 5 to Ireland, making up 500.

lll.—Three Tables showing the Number of Seats allotted respectively by the Reform Bill of 1832, by Mr. Bright's Plan, a;
January 28, 18:59, to the population and property of England and Wales, in Two Groups of Counties, twelve densely poi
populated:—

:e the totals correct.

Lnd by the Times Plan,
pulated, and forty thinly

Reform Act seats Reform Act seats Deficiency in the forty counties
for the Twelve Per Seat. for the forty Per Seat. per scat.
Counties. Counties.
Population, 1859
61,701 persons 27,449 persons 37,252 persons
Income Tax, 1857 169 £3
331 / £233,20 Income Tax, 1857
Assessed Taxes, 1856
£2,757 £3,242 Assessed Taxes, 1855
556

Population, 1859
Income Tax, 1857
Assessed Taxes, 1856

Times' Plan, Jan. 28, 1859, including in First Group the 11 unappropriated Seats.

217 {

60,390 persons
£298,913
£4,672

283 {

32,105 persons
£176,092
£3,224

18,18.5 persons
£122,821
£1,458

Population, 1859
Income Tax, liis7
Assessed Taxes, 1856

Mr. Bright's Plan, including in First Group the 7 unappropriated Seats.
•
Population, 1859
Income Tax, 1857 . ., 228 / I £
284,492 250 / L 199,332 £85,160 Income Tax, 1857 '
Assessed Taxes, 1856 , ... £4,447 £3,650 £797 Assessed Taxes, 1856

MAIDA-HILL COLLEGIATE SCHOOL.

A FRENCII SOLDIER DESERTING TO

On Friday evening, Jan. 28, the scientific depart-
ment of the above college was formally opened by
an eloquent lecture on "Common Things, in Educa•
tion," by the Vice-Principal, Dr. Reid. At half-past
seven p.m. a large and distinguished assemblage of
ladies and gentlemen, chiefly the patrons and friends
of the numerous alumni of the college began to as-
semble, when the lecturer proceeded, amidst the
heartyapplause of the audience and the marked atten-
tion of the students. After cautioning his audience
against the danger of falling into a course of in-
struction calculated to stimulate the memory, more
than to draw forth the powers of thought and faculty
of observation, the lecturer proceeded, by a great
varietyto show
of amusing and lucid argumentative details,
that the young should be instructed to
observe and understand the common objects of the
created
world around them. Much of this might
bemi shownnds of
lads by
\vre verye simple *experiments, and the
appreeiating such thh?silite alive to learning and
the great statementgs.ln elaborating and en-
forcingto the essential difference betof Lord Macaulay, as
between information and
knowledge, and eloquently
importance and infinite
Muir's arrangements
and en-
superiority of the latter, Dr. Reid explainede
forcing the paramount i
tt
forat
haden s
that
the practical plans of Dr.
the scientific department of the collegebeen
most .anxiously matured, and Were
founded on a
that in the young " the ,
deep. conviction .
is great inlet
for improving the mind the observation' and
observati
on
keeps whatever tends to create habits of
keep open the principal avenue to knowledge."
Other approaches to the mind are useful
as side entrances, but the observation is the
street-door. If we can excite this faculty and let the
youths use it in their own way, we lay the founda-
tion of more knowledge than by any mass of facts-
which we could cram into their 'heads.
The lecture lasted nearly two hours, being, as we
noticed last week, introductory to a course of Friday
evening lectures on Chemistry and applied sciences,
by the Principal, Vice-Principal, and several of the
Professors of the College, in their various depart-
ments of science and literature.
Captain Spencer, the able and popular author of
" Travels in Turkey, Asia, and Africa," is to lecture
at the college on Friday, Feb. 18, at half-past 7 p.m.
We
doubt not but this will prove a most interesting
and instructive evening. Any lad -orgentleman
y
is free to attendthese 1.
ectures on the preseneation
of a private card.

of you afterwards P " " I remained a prisoner
in the town." " After some time you had a desire
to return to France, and you came back as
stoker in the Don steamer. Did you know the fate
that awaited you as a deserter P" " Yes." "It was
in October last that you arrived at Marseilles ?"
" Yes." "On the Bth of November last you got
into -a quarrel with several Russian sailors in a
public-house at La Jolliette, and were arrested by
a police-officer ?" " Yes, and I told him that I was
a deserter." " Did you not tell him that you had
received 30f. or 40f. from General Gortschakoff for
the information you gave him ?" "No ; what I said
was that on Ist Jan., 1858, I, as a deserter, received
900 f. from the Russian Government ; and that pre-
viously I had 20 kopecks (about 16 sous) a day."
" You said that you had nothing to fear from the
French authorities, as you had become a Russian
subject." "I said that I had become a Russian, but
I did not say that I had nothing to fear from the
French authorities." " Did you not declare you would
sooner come to France to die than live in Russia?"
" Yes, sir." Some sergeants and an ex-soldier of
the 39th then proved the various facts touched on
in the interrogatory, and a police officer detailed
the man's arrest at Marseilles. One of the
sergeants and an ex-soldier who had been prisoners
of the Russians at the time of the desertion stated
that when they and the other prisoners in the
Northern Fort at Sebastopol knew that he was a
deserter, they called him a scoundrel ; and added
that even some other deserters abused him, because,
in addition to the crime of deserting, he had indi-
cated the position of the French mines. The public
prosecutor insisted that he ought to be convicted
not only of desertion, but of having borne arms
against France, and having given the enemy infor-
mation calculated to injure the operations of the
French army. The tribunal, however, convicted
him only of desertion, and for that it condemned
him to death. Had he been convicted of the other
two crimes, he would have been condemned to
degradation as well. In the course of the proceed-
ings it was stated that Grosjean, the man whom
the prisoner stabbed, was killed in the attack of
Sebastopol on the 18th of June.

TILE _RUSSIANS.

The military tribunal of Lille, the day before
yesterday, tried a man, named Legoff, for having
in April, 1855, when a soldier in the 39th Regi-
ment of the line, before Sebastopol, deserted to the
Russians. " You were, on the 22d of April, 1855,
in the camp at Sebastopol ?" said the president.
"Yes," answered the man. "You had a quarrel
with a comrade named Grosjean ?" ." I do not re-
member." " Several persons present say that you
and Grosjean quarrelled whilst on duty, and that a
corporal silenced you ; but that, after returning to
your tent, Grosjean called you a dirty Breton,' and
challenged you to go out to fight ; that you did go out,
and that you stabbed the other twice with a knife."
" I do not remember." "After this you went away
in the direction of Sebastopol, and you ran so fast
that, though pursued, you could not be overtaken.
You arrived at the enemy's camp—were you ar-
rested there ?" " No." " You were confined in
the northern fort ?" " Yes." " You found some
French soldiers there ?" " Five." " They asked
you if you had been taken prisoner ; you at first
pretended that you had, but at last you confessed
that you had deserted, and you falsely said that
you had done so because you had stabbed with a
bayonet an officer who had struck you for
refusing to work in the trenches ?" " I did not
say stabbed with a bayonet, but that I had
given him a blow with the butt-end of my
musket." " The tale, however, was not true ?"
" It was not." " The other prisoners suspected that
you were a deserter, because you had on epaulettes,
though in your division the men employed in the
trenches did not wear any, and they questioned
you on the subject ?" " Nothing was said on the
subject,saidr
thatyou Fort,
eyabsent
remained with
o ahhnadddi, in fact, I had not epaulettes on."
" You once left the Northern and were
u
absent four-and-twenty hours ?" " No, I always
2tdlb4i
dined
hours,tee and ewt taken
kt hheanenr and that
him,ht
ah t,
beforea, Theythat
Gen
he yen
co.
au Gsurasoyer
td returnst
yhe
ohalait
kt
youyooobf
c
w
dressed like a Russian officer, took you to the Flag.
staff battery, and that you indicated to him the
situation of the French mines ? " " I did not
say that." " You were taken to Simpheropol?
" Yes, on the 27th or 28th of April." " How long
did you remain there ? " "To the month of June,
and I was with the same prisoners as in the
northern fort. Afterwards, however, I left for Tom-
bock, and they went to Odessa." " What became

THE FATAL OCCURRENCE AT CAMBERWELL,
Yesterday afternoon Mr. W. Carter, coroner•for East Sur-
rey, hold an inquest on the body of the unfortunate young
woman, Mary Ann TITn, who met her death from gunshot
wounds accidentally .inflicted by her brother, at Camber-
well, as mentioned in our columns yesterday. Several
witnesses were examined, but no further facts were elicited
than those we have already given. The jury returned a
verdict of "Death by misficiveuture,"

THE MAILS, &C.—SOUTHAMPTON, Feb. 2.—The
Royal Mail Company's steamer Magdalena, Capt. Baynton,
took her departure to-,lay with the mails for the West In-
dies, Central America, Mexico, the Pacific, &c., £l2O in
specie, jewellery value XlO,OO,
and a full cargo. She has
68 passengers, including Col. Mores Cooper and his secre-
tary, the Lord Bishop of Guiana, Capt. and Mrs. Harvey,
Mr. Peter Heys and family. The screw-steamer Barcelona,
Captain Don Jose Tapias, arrived to-day from the Spanish
ports,

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1859,
_,.
THE ATLANIIC TELEGRAPH THE PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION OF ENGLAND AND WALES. MR. BRIGHT'S REFORM
.
+ +
future progress of submarine telegraphy may CLAIMS OF THE COUNTIES. .
dto depend in a great measure upon the re- We present our readers to-day with some brief Such a scale we had indeed arranged, but its mul- twelve counties - a difference, too, which has
vhich will be achieved by the company which We have been favoured with chi
id the present defunct wire between England tables, which we are confident will do more to guide tiplicity of figures could only annoy the great ma- doubled since 1831 !" _
merica. If the cable is capable of being re- them towards an impartial decision on the great jority of readers. We have therefore calculated The second table shows, by a moment's inspec- Schedules of Disfranchisement and I
. went which Mr. Bright will propose a
to such a condition as will permit the trans-
it point in dispute between rival schemes of Reform the results, in a form so simple that they will re- tion, the claims ofpopulationsand of property as re
of his promised Reform Bill :-
n of signals, all, of course, will go well..
other hand, as is most probable, the wire is than any they have yet seen. We would even quire but small patience, indeed, from those who presented by the income tax assessment, and the
to be useless, and the company fail to obtain advise them to preserve these tables -within easy are at all interested in forming an impartial con- average between the two. If anything can enable .
•antee for the capital required for a new cable SCHEDULE A.
he Government, then the advocates of long access, as a sure and ready means of testing the fair- elusion. us to arrive at a conclusion that should satisfy an
BOROUGHS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 56
)f submarine communication are likely to be ness of the different proposals. The Ballot will, of We
,have arranged our tables so as to illustrate the impartial mind, this table will furnish the materials
Id in their enterprises until such time as the WHICH ARE TO CEASE TO RETURN ANY
course, be one clear issue between the two great claims of both the parties in the impending for doing it. Here are seen at once what members
loss entailed by the present unsuccessful MEM •
BERS TO SERVE IN PARLIAMENT.
pt has been forgotten in the mercantile world, parties. Argument has, however, settled that struggle. Our readers will see at a glance are allotted to each class by the _Worm Act, by
[The column of direct taxes payable by ea(
hances of restoring the line to a healthy con- question ; and not a single public meeting has been that we have compared the twelve most populous Mr. BRIGHT, and by the Times. One amusing
as regards the transmission of messages, made up from Parliamentary returns for the 3
called, or could be called, not favourable to it by and busy counties of England and Wales with all result-a striking one, too-is, that, taking PRO-
,r to be very small indeed ; in fact, the tests
PERTY alone as the 'basis of representation, it tax, being the tax on real property and on trg
alts give such results as almost to lead to the immense majorities. On. this question mystery the others. An obvious distinction between the
' that continuity has ceased and the wire is is impossible. It is simply-" Shall the coercing counties is, DENSITY of population. Now, we find exactly reverses the allotment given us by the fessions, the Tax on Inhabited Houses, the At
letely parted. Nevertheless, in spite of this
classes at elections retain the coercing power or that twelve counties, reckoning the 'West Riding Times in its competition for fairness with Mr. and the Land Tax. The Assessed Taxes and
discouraging state of things, !there are not
ing able men who express themselves confident not ?" The subject is yet but imperfectly under- of Yorkshire as one, have all a population which BRIGHT. The Times gave 217 members to the 12 House Tax are not levied in Ireland.
the wire is still capable of being restored to stood-the one, therefore, on which the ruling gives less than two acres to each person-that the thickly-populated counties, and 283 to its favourite Boroughs marked x were to have lost one
working order. Of these various schemes and classes and the journals in their interest, attempt remainder all give more than . two acres to each thinly-peopled counties. The proportions required those marked xx were to have been wholly di!
Isitions only two deserve notice. The first is
by a gentleman of skill and experience, who to mystify us is, the re-distribution of the seats individual. The population also of the first class of by the income tax give 283 to the populous emu- the Government Bill of 1854.
uses to better the earth connections of the wire, taken from boroughs wholly or partially disfran- counties increases at more than double the rate of that ties and 217 to the others ! The column of 110 electors includes £8 ra
iat Valentia were always bad, and which now . Ireland.]
climes). Two classes fight for them. One, the of the agricultural counties. They are, in fact, the The last columns in this table afford the only
oxidisation of the plates, are worse than ever. Direct T
larging to a considerable degree' the present LANDED interest-an interest very small in its life and soul of the kingdom. means of deciding on the proportion of members Population Paya
in 1851. in 11
,e of earth plates, and saturating the earth numbers, and wholly distinct from-indeed, in Our first table, therefore, gives the population fairly belonging to each class of counties, quite Arundel, xx . . . 2,748 1,86(
them with a solution of sulphate of copper, Honiton, xx . . . 4,427 1,844
with-the AGRICUL- of each of the 12 counties at the time of the old apart from mere party considerations.
is no doubt that the condition of the wire may many respects in antagonism Ashburton, xx . . . 3,432 1,55(
ch improved. His plan is next to charge the TURAL interest ; and the COMMERCIAL interest. Reform Bill, at the time of the last census, and their The third brief table speaks for itself ; but what Lyme Regis, xx . 3,5164,075 12,,7678]
tself till in a state of electrical equilibrium, Thetford, xx . . ..
This last class, iiroperly, includes the farmers estimated population for the present year ;- that of does it tell us ? Unquestionably that Mr. BRIGHT
) keep it in circuit with a battery, and, on theTotness, xx . . • 4,419 2,209
and-break principle, disturb the electricity in and their labourers. Theoretically, they were the other counties is given in the total only. This has been moderate indeed in his demands for the Harwich, xx . . . 4,451 2,161
ire and transmit the signal. This gentleman always food manufacturers ; and they are startling fact results, that in 1831 the twelve busy counties of progress, increase, and wealth. Accord- Dartmouth, xx I% . 4,508 1,84 f
Lade several experiments in the presence of the Evesham, xx .
. 4,736 4,489
' assuming in their modes of production counties had more than a quarter of a million less ing to the scheme of the Member for Birmingham, . . 4,605 327;
Lieutenant, in Phoenix- ark upon an uninsu- daily
wire, upwards ofloo yards in length, immersed the appearance of manufacturers. Look at them inhabitants than the other forty counties,-but every member for the sparsely populated counties Wells' xx ' '
Reigate, xx • . . 4,927 4,83£
ter, and through which signals were freely sent. how we will, the land is but the raw material of that in 1851 they surpassed the forty in population would still represent 11,626 persons, £85,160 income Richmond, xx . . . 4,969 4,864
Northallerton, xx .
however, is by no means a new discovery, as
their manufacture, and the farmers and proprietors by upwards of a million, and surpass them this tax, and £797 assessed taxes, LESS than a member . 4,995 1,81,
time since messages were sent across the Ser- Marlborough, xx . . 5,135 4,72:
ne under water by means of a perfectly unin- of land have no interests in common beyond those year by more than one million eight hundred thou- for one of the populous counties .l ! cable, xx . . . 5,195 3,67,
We defer additional remarks for the present, Leominster, x . . . 6,214 2,741.
: ...
.:
65g:323817926
333,,,022644
'd wire. But during the experiment in Phoenix which exist between the American growers of cot- sand inhabitants ! All this time they have had but
Lymington, x .
the experimenter -not only sent messages
Ludlow,Thirsk x.
ton and the spinners and weavers of it at Man- the same number of Members, and that number is, merely observing that, in two respects, these tables
gh the core of the wire, but through the con-
r and the outside metal covering of the rope, chester. Give the farmers political independence, it will be seen,l62 11Iembers fewer than their stand- are favourable to the members for thinly-peopled
taneously. From the results of these experi- protect them, as we propose to do, by the Ballot still neighbours ! To this table we have added counties. First, In some manufacturing counties, Andover, xx . . . 5,395 3,63
i the inventor thinks that, even in case of the
r conductor in the Atlantic cable being severed, from those who can deprive them of their raw ma- a column showing the proportion of assessed taxes like Glamorganshire, the development, though
Petersfield . . . 5,550 3,17(
Knaresborough, xx . . *5,536 2,63,
. .
lld still transmit, signals along the outer cover- terial, the land ; and they and the borough voters paid by the Twelve and the Forty counties respec- rapid, has not brought the population quite up to
Tewkesbury, x 5,878 3,74
f spiral wires, though this hope is not enter-
will row in the same boat. tively. It will be seen that the former pay nearly the two persons per acre, at which we have drawn Malden, x . . . 5,888 3,04:
Horsham 5 947 3,5 C
I either by eminent electricians or even by the
7s of the company- Another proposition is to For these and other reasons we have always £lOO,OOO more than the others, and are, therefore, the line. Secondly, We have placed the unappro-
-run the wire till the most serious faults on . . ;946 3,93
Launceston .
thought that the representation of the kingdom so far as this test, as well as that of population priated members in the plans of Mr. BRIGHT and Abingdon . . . '
nglish and Newfoundland side have been raised . . . 6,005 2,94!
Ripon,. x . . . • 6,080 3,59
.epaired. Such a plan, however, would not could be best considered in counties. We would goes, entitled to more members. Indeed, as things the Times' with the populous counties. Were these Brecon, x . . . . 6,070 4,03
be most expensive but hazardous in the ex- ascertain, by the tests of population and property, now stand, each member in the agricultural coun- members either distributed amongst the 40 counties,
s, as, in case of the cable parting under the Liskeard .
Cirencester, x . . . 6,096 6,77
what number of members each county ought to ties represents less than half the taxes represented or given to Scotland or Ireland, the case against
aof raising in deep water, even the value which . . . 6,201 2,83,
w undoubtedly possesses as a medium for the have, and then adjust, on the same principle, the by the members for the busy counties! -While, the latter class of counties would be so much Huntingdon, x . . 6,219 6,1,71
n current, in case of a new wire being laid, proportions which should be returned by the in regard to population, the difference, it will be stronger. Chippenham, x • . 6,283 4,75
Bodmin, x . . . 6,337 2,58
d be utterly and totally lost. A costly attempt,
boroughs and the rural population in each county. seen, is enormously in favour of the members for the'
7to be attended with such injurious results, is Dorchester, x . . . 6,394 4,89
More rather to be deprecated than regarded as 1.-The Parliamentary Representation of England and Wales, divided into Two Groups of Counties, according to Density of population and Annual Great Marlow, x . . 6,523 2,70
ins by which the state of the cable may be im- rate of increase. _ Devizes, x . . . 6,554 4,29
ed. In the meantime, as we have said, the con- 1. Eleven Counties, and the West Riding of York, in all of which the area gives less than 2 acres to a person (1851 census). The rate at which the '
Radnor
Hertford, x . . . 6,655 5,90
aof the wire is as bad as it can possibly be. population increases is 1.96 per annum. .. . 6,653 3,43
Lt the middle of last October very powerful 2. Forty Counties and the North and East Ridings of York, in all of which the area will give more than two acres to a person (1851 census). The rate Guildford, x . . . 6,740 4,91
ries were put in circuit at the Newfoundland at which the population increases is 0.967 per annum. Malmesbury .. . 6,998 4,42
Lichfield, x . . . 7,012 4,48
'II, in order to force the signal, if possible, past 3. A column is added for the Assessed Taxes paid, showing the relative number of seats to which the two groups of Counties are respectively entitled.
suit on the English side. This dangerous ex-
.
nt, however, was attended with very slight
Population. Reform Reform Population. Reform Assessed Taxes, and Seats .
ss, the only and the last signal which reached Population. Droitwich . . . 7,096 5,2 t:
Counties. Act. Act. 1859. Act. in proportion to Taxes, Counties.
1831. 1851.
nglish shore being the words, " Daniell's in Seats. Seats. (Estimated.) Seats. 1856. Wycombe, x. . • 7,179 3,88
.t." Almost immediately after this a large and - - - Wareham . . . 7,218 3,2(
1 Chester
important fault was discovered at the New- Cockermouth, x . . 7,275 3,87
2 Durham 239,256 10 390,997 10 451,054 10 22,830 6 Durham 2
[land end, apparently about 400 miles from 3 Gloucester
and caused beyond all doubt by the use of the 4 Kent
rful batteries referred to. The tests to discover 5 Lancashire 1,336,854 26 2,031,236 26 2,343,233 26 120,953 32 Lancashire 5 Christchurch '. . 7,475 4,71
xact distance of this fault from land have given 6 Middlesex
lost uncertain and contradictory results. At 7 Nottingham
8 Stafford
ime the injury has appeared within 300 miles, 9 Surrey . 486,434 11 683,082 11 788,003 11 101,634 26 Surrey
the tests for several days has given the dis- 10 Warwick
10
Melton, x . . . 7,661 4,63
)as exactly 371. After that, however, the 11 Worcester
nee fluctuated between 400 and 900 miles, 12 West Riding (York) 984,609 18 1,325,495 18 1,529,091 18 71,559 19 West Riding (York) 12
- -
ng down finally at about 750 from land. This - Totals . . 332,590 199,7]
Total .. .... 6,800,937 169 9,478,764 169 10,934,702 169 £1,013,921 263
is supposed to be even of a more serious naturelßlSH BOROUGHS TO CEASE TO RETURN
Forty Counties, and
that on the English coast. About a month N. &E. Riding (Yk.) 7,095,860 331 8,448,845 331 9,085,887 331 912,629 237 NINE IN NUMBER.
the words " Henly" and " You understand" -
received at the station at Newfoundland, and Fifty-two Counties... 13,996,797 500 17,927,609 500 20,020,589 500 £1,926,550 500 Direct r.
Population Pay
time revived the hopes of those in charge at time
1841. in 1
side of the Atlantic that successful means hadSUMMARY OF RESULTS. Portarlington . . . 2,964 6'
found to restore the cable to working order. 1831.
Average population per seat in 'l2 counties of first group.. 40,240 1851.
56,087 1859.
64,701 Assessed taxes per seat in 12 counties of first group£
~, Dungannon . . . 3,851 9:
5,992 Downpatrick . . . 4,854 1,44
rtunately, a comparison of dates showed that Do. do. in 40 counties of second table 21,440 25,625 27,449 - Do. in 40 counties 2,757
Le day these words reached Newfoundland the Kinsale3 . . . . 5,565 1,71
311 at Valentia was locked up and deserted, and Deficiency per seat in the 40 thinly-populated counties 18,800 persons. 30,062 persons. 7,252 persons. Deficiency per seat in the 40 thinly-populated counties 3,242 Mallow . . , . 5,683 9
lignals, therefore, were merely due to the con- Enniskillen . . . 5,094 1,51
t and perplexing vagaries of earth currents. The estimated population for 1859 is obtained by reckoning the increase to have taken place at the same rate as that at which it increased between Coleraine . . . . 6,517 1,61
fault on the English side remains in just the the census of 1831 and the census of 1851. Lisburn • . . . 7,673 1,6'
state and position as when it was first disco- The amount of assessed taxes paid is taken from the return moved for by Mr. J. B. Smith, July 29, 1858. Bandon . . . . 7,942 1, i
lat the beginning of September last, about
-
niles from land. This distance, calculating IL-THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES IN TWO GROUPS. . .
mount of slack wire payed out during the SCOTCH CONTRIBUTORY BURGHS WHICH A
1. Twelve Counties, in all of which the area gives less than two acres to a person. *
lays of the submerging operation, would place 2. Forty counties, in all of which tha area gives snore than two acres to a person. TO CONTRIBUTE TO RETURNMEMBERS TO
suit at about 220 statute miles from shore, or 3. Columns containing the present number of seats-the number proposed by Mr. Bright, and the number proposed by the Times' plan, Jan. 28, 1859. 21 IN NUMBER.
where upon the now well-known mountain Direct'
4. The number of seats to which these counties are entitled, calculated upon population and property, and upon an average of both-or 1851 and for
which divides the deeps of the Atlantic from Population Pay
1859, in separate tables :- . in 1851. in 1
comparatively- shallow waters of the Irish •
. The logs and diaries kept by those on board Ref 'm .0 Times'
Income Tax Act :.I'4 4 Plan, Population, Calculated up.:)..vne.
1859' Calculated upon
Ave- New Galloway . . . 447
Kintore . . . . 476 l'
4:
that
during her las- successful cruise Counties. Assessment, Seats, ..t,.-11 Jan. 1851 Pro- Popu- rage of Population, Pro- Popu- rage of Counties.
that this range was crossed between 4 and 5 1857. 1832. 44 P-4 28. ' Census. perty. lation. both. (Estimated.) perty. 'ration. both. • Dornoch . • • 599 1.
- -
le on the afternoon of the 3d August, or more
1 Chester £2,201,813 ---
10 12 13 455,725 10 12 11 525,724 10 12 11 Chester
an hour before the time when it was expected 2 Durham 1,675,049 10 12 10 390,997 7 H 9 451,054 7 11 9 Durham 2 Inverbervie . . . 934 5
hip would arrive upon it. It was intended 3 Gloucester
it Chas. Bright to allow a great quantity of 4 Kent
5 Lancashire 14,382,814 26 46 40 2,031,236 63 57 60 2,343,233 63 59 61 Lancashire 5 Lochmaben . . . 1,092 1
cable to run while crossing this ridge, in
6 - Middlesex
r that there might be amply sufficient to reach 7 Nottingham
bottom of all inequalities which might exist 8 Stafford
e undiscovered by the sounding line. But, 9 Surrey.
ugh the defective and most uncertain method 10 Warwick
seertaining the speed of a ship at present in 11 Worcester - E
rein the Royal Navy,the Agamemnon through- 12 West Riding (York)... 4,194,574 . 18 24 20 1,325,495 19 37 28 1,529,091 18 38 28 West Riding (York) l2 Kingthorn . . . 1,568
the whole cruise steamed at a greater rate than
_
registered by the log line. Owing to this cir -.........•
Twelve Counties..... L 64,864,195 169 228 217 - 9,478;764 283 263 273 10,934,702 283 273 *278 Twelve Counties. Cullen . . . . 1,697 t,
stance the range of high submarine land was Forty Counties 49,834,136 331 250 283 8,448,845 217 237 227 9,085,887 217 227 222 Forty Counties. Oban .. . . 1,742
!led at least an hour before the expected - - Cromarty . . . . 1,988
al- 4..,4 4..,4;yn.4;nia oiven to those on board £114,698,331 500 478 500 f 17,927,609 500 500 500 20,020,589 . 500 500 I'soo . Inverary . . . . 2,264
Sanquhar . . . . 2,381 `,-

MR. BRIGHT'S REFORM BILL.

We have been favoured with the following

Schedules of Disfranchisement and Enfranchise-

went which Mr. Bright will propose as a portion,

BOROUGHS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 56 IN NUMBER,

WHICH ARE TO CEASE TO RETURN ANY MEMBER OR

[The column of direct taxes payable by each borough is
made up from Parliamentary returns fur the year 1857, and
includes Schedules A and D of the Property and Income-
tax, being the tax on real property and on trades and pro-
fessions, the Tax on Inhabited Houses, the Assessed Taxes,
and the Land Tax. The Assessed Taxes and the Inhabited
House Tax are not levied in Ireland.

Boroughs marked x were to have lost one member, and
those marked xx were to have been wholly disfranchised by
the Government Bill of 1854.
The column of £lO electors includes £8 rated electors in
Ireland.]

Direct Taxes
Population Payable £lO Ei
fn 1851. in 1857. Electors..
Arundel, xx . . . 2,748 1,866 130 5
Honiton, xx . . 4,427 1,844 193 2
Ashburton, xx . . 3,432 1,556 198 1
Lyme Regis, xx . . 3,516 1,771 293 1
Thetford, xx . . . 4,075 2,685 217 2

Totness, xx . . • 4,419 2,204 '295 2
Harwich, xx . . . 4,451 2,167 297 2
Dartmouth, xx `. . 4,508 1,848 301 1
Evesham, xx . . 4,605 3,279 305 2
Wells, xx. . . . 4,736 4,484 228 2
Reigate, xx . . 4,927 4,838 297 1
Richmond, xx . . 4,969 4,864 342 2
Northallerton, xx . . 4,995 1,814 299 1
Marlborough, xx . . 5,135 4,723 250 2
Caine, xx . . . 5,195 3,675 145 1
Leominster, x . . 6,214 2,745 340 2
Lymington, x . . . 5,282 3,242 322 2
Thirsk . . . . 5,319 3,064 352 1
Ludlow, x . . . 5,376 3,244 394 2
Andover, xx . . . 5,395 3,631 226 2
Knaresborough, xx . •5,536 2,634 226 2
Petersfield . . . 5,550 3,176 333 1
Tewkesbury, x . . 5,878 3,741 318 2
Maldon, x . . . 5,888 3,042 247 2
Horsham . . . . 5,947 3,545 349 1

Abingdon . . . 5,945 3,939 240 1
Launceston . . 6,005 2,942 349 1

Brecon, x . . . . 6,070 4,034 343 1
Ripon, x . . 6,080 3,593 35T 2
Cirencester, x . . • 6,096 6,771 316 2
Liskeard . . . . 6,201 2,836 353 1

Huntingdon, x . 6,219 5,170 338 2
Chippenham, x 6,283 4,755 327 2
Bodmin, x . . . 6,337 2,584 360 2
Dorchester, x . . . 6,394 4,899 429 2
Great Marlow, x . . 6,523 2,705 310 2
Devizes, x . . . 6,554 4,295 355 2

Hertford, x . . . 6,655 6,903 462 2
Radnor . . . 6,653 3,435 362 2

Guildford, x . . 6,740 4,912 546 1
Malmesbury . . . 6,998 4,420 325 2
Lichfield, x . . . 7,012 4,486 424 1
Midhurst, X X • . 7,021 2,472 285 2
Westbury . . . 7,029 3,076 289 1
Droitwich . . . 7,096 5,233 379 1
Wycombe, x . . . 7,179 3,881 354 1
Wareham . . . 7,218 3,207 407 2
Cockermouth, x . . 7,275 3,875 2 0 1
Bewdley . . . 7,318 4,284 384 2
Helston . • . 7,328 2,771 329 1
Christchurch . . 7,475 4,719 297 1
Eye . . . . 7,531 3,288 333 1
Bridport, x . . 7,566 2,781 464 2
Bridgenorth, x . . . 7,610 4,738 340 2
Mahon, x . . . 7,661 4,631 553 2
Woodstock . . . 7,983 3,366 326 1

Totals . . 332,590 199,713 18,163 87
IRISH BOROUGHS TO CEASE TO RETURN MEMBERS,

Direct Taxes
Population Payable £lO
in 1841. in 1857. Electors.A.
Portarlington . . . 2,964 612 80 1
Dungannon . . . 3,851 912 184 1
Downpatrick . . . 4,854 1,444 123 1
Kinsale . . . . 5,565 1,792 142 1
Mallow . . • . 5,683 954 228 1
Enniskillen . . . 5,094 1,532 91 1
Coleraine . . . . 6,517 1,692 226 1
Lisburn . . . . 7,673 1,674 217 1
Bandon . . • . 7,942 I,f 00 197 1

Totals. . . 51,146 12,412 1,558 9

SCOTCH CONTRIBUTORY BURGHS WHICH ARE NO LONGER
TO CONTRIBUTE TO RETURN MEMBERS TO PARLIAMENT,
21 IN NUMBER.

Direct Taxes
Population Payable £lO a
in 1851. in 1857. Electors.
New Galloway . . . 447 178 14 it,
Kintore . . . . 476 437 41
Dornoch . • . 599 124 17 1-6

• • . 605 118 23 1-5

North Berwick . . . 863' 616 79 1-5
Inverbervie . . . 934 507 30 1-5

Inverary . . . 1,064 423 46 1-5
Lochmaben . . . 1,092 146 38 1-5
Lauder . . . 1,105 378 54 I 5
Fortrose . . . . 1,148 250 70 ±

South Queensferry . . 1,195 194 33 1-5
Crail . . . . 1,247 655 37 1-7

~....._
Pittenweem . . . 1,450 816 46 1-7
Kingthorn . . . 1,568 364 45 i
Whithorn . . . . 1,652 312 72 i

Cullen . . . . 1,697 574 45 1-6
Oban . . . . 1,742 585 73 1-5
Cromarty . . . . 1,988 377 33 1-6
Inverary . . . . 2,264 926 128 1-6
Sanquhar . . . . 2,381 275 41 1-5
Kirkcudbright . . . 2,687 756 112 1-5

Total . . . 28,204 8,975 1,091 ..