The Sun.
London, England, 1861-02-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 1, 1861.

CONTRACT FOR PIG LEAD.

Department of the Storekeeper-General
• of the Navy,
Somerset-place, 29th Jan:, Mt.
rriffE COMMISSIONERS. for EXECUTING the
OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED
KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO
HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, the
12th February next, at Two o'clock, they will be ready to treat
with such Persons as may be willing to CONTRACT for
supplying her Majesty's Dockyard at Chatham with
PIG LEAD,

under a contract for six months certain, and further until the
expiration of three months' warning.
- - -

A form of the Tender may be seen at the said office. No
tender will be received after Two o'clock on the day of
treaty, nor will any be noticed unless the party attends, or an
agent for him duly authorised in writing.

Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the
Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words
" Tender for PIG LEAD," and must also be delivered at
Somerset-place, accompanied by a letter signed by two re-
sponsible persons, engaging to become bound with the person
tendering, in the sum of £lOOO for the due performance
of the Contract.

CONTRACTS FOR FRESH. BEEF, MUTTON, BREAD,

VEGETABLES, ticc.,

For the Royal Marine Infirmaries at Woolwich and Chatham.
ADMIRALTY, 28th January, 1861.
'THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the
-1-• OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED
KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO
HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, the 26th
February next, at half-past One o'Clock, they will be ready
at the Office of the Director General of the Medical Depart-
ment of the Navy, Somerset-place, in London, to treat with
such Persons as may be willing to Contract for the supply
of all such quantities of all or any of the following articles as
shall from time to time be required for the use of either one
or both of the Royal Marine Infirmaries at WOOLWICH
and CHATHAM, from the let day of April next to the 31st
day of March, 1861, viz. :

BEEF and MUTTON,
BREAD,
MILK,
SOAP, Yellow,
VEGETABLES.

Samples of the Soap, together with the conditions of the
Revised Contracts, to which particular attention is called,
may be seen at this Office, or by applying to the Purveyor at
the Infirmaries at Woolwich and Chatham.

No Tender will be received after half-past One o'clock on
the day of treaty, nor any noticed, unless the party attends,
or an agent for him duly authorised in writing.

Every Tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the
Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words " Ten-
der fbr ;" and must also be delivered at Somerset-
place, accompanied by a letter signed by a responsible per-
son, engaging to become bound with the person tendering in
the sum of £lOO for the due performance of the Contracts for
Beef and Mutton, for Bread and for Vegetables, and in the
sum of £5O for each of the others.

India Office, Victoria-street, Westminster,
28th January, 1861.
THE SECRETARY of STATE for INDIA in
Council gives notice that he will be prepared to receive,
on Friday, the Bth February, at or before One o'Clock, Ten-
ders for a Loan of £3,000,000, on security of Stock to be created
under the provisions of an Act of the last Session of Parlia-
ment, and to bear Interest at the rate of Five per cent. per
annum, payable half-yearly at the Bank of England, on the
sth .lanuary and sth July in each year.
The Stock not to be redeemable until sth July, 1870, but to
be redeemable at par on or after that day, upon one year's
previous notice having been given in " The London Gazette"
by the Secretary of State for India in Council.
The Books of the Stock will be kept at the Bank of England,
where all Assignments and Transfers will be made. No
Stamp Duties whatsoever will be charged on the Transfers.
The Tenders to be for the whole or any part of such Loan,
but not for sums of less than £5OO stock, and to state what
amount of money will be given for every £lOO of the said
stock. The Tenders are to be delivered in, sealed, at the
Accountant-General's Department, at this Office.
A deposit of 2 per cent. upon the amount of stock tendered
for must at the same time beptid at the Accountant General's
Department, to be returned in the event of the tenders not
being accepted ; and parties tendering must be careful not to
enclose the deposit in the sealed tender.
So much of the amount tendered and accepted to be paid at
the Bank of England, on account of the Secretary of State for
India in Council, on Friday, the 15th of February, 1861, as,
when added to the deposit paid on the tenders being delivered,
will leave eighty pounds for each hundred pounds of stock, to
be paid as under, viz.:—
£2O per cent. on Tuesday, the 12th of March, 1861;
£3O per cent. on Tuesday, the 2th of April, 1861 ;
£3O per cent. on Friday, the 10th of May, 1861;
but parties who so desire may pay up in full, and will be
allowed a discount at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum upon
the anticipated payments.
The dividend payable on the sth of July, 1861, to be a six
months' dividend upon the capital amount of stock contracted
for on the said Bth February.
In the event of the receipt of tenders (at or above the mini-
mum price to be fixed by the Secretary of State for India in
Council on the Bth February) for a larger amount than that
proposed to be raised, the tenders, at the lowest price accepted,
wi'l be subject to a pro rata diminution.
Due notice will be given when the Scrip Receipts arc ready,
and these will be delivered only to the parties entitled, or to
their order, at the Chief Cashier's Office at the Bank of Eng-
land, in exchange for the receipt for the first instalment.
For each instalment after the payment of the first, which
is due on the 15th of February, 1861, a proportional amount
of Stock will be created for the contributors. The Stock for
the first instalment, including the Deposit, to be created at
the same time with that which will be due on the last.

No Tender will be received after One o'clock on the said
Bth day of February. nor unless upon a printed Form, which
must not be enclosed in an envelope.
This Form may be obtained at the Accountant General's
Department of this Office, or of Mr. Henry Scott, the Broker
to the Secretary of state for India in Council, 16, Throgmor-
ton-street, London, E.C.
J. COS3IO MELVILL.

DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD:
A. MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA-

TIVE DISEASES.

Just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope, price Is.; Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps,
MANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
!--7-B- MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for
Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
CrnTis, 15, Alberniarle-street, Piccadilly, London.

THE GREAT SOCIAL MYSTERY.—The
recent change in the law of Separation and Divorce has
raised up a new problem which taxes the ingenuity of social
philosophers to solve. In a nation so renowned as this for
the sanctity of its domestic ties, it appears unaccountable that
so many marriages, contracted under cvumstances apparently
auspicious, should result in sorrow, disgust, and degradation,
and that this should occur even to those who before wedlock
had passionately loved each other.
If the inquirers into the cause of this mystery had consulted
the great book of nature, instead of dwelling on conventional
theories, they might probably have had less difficulty in
arriving at the truth. Have they ever sufficiently considered
how much these constant revelations of unhappy marriages
may be connected with a peculiar INFLUENCE, frequently
originating in corrupt associations at college, or at school,
and the pernicious effects of which, too often unsuspected by
medical men, poison the very well-springs of life, and produce
many of the disappointments witnessed in the connubial state.
It is a matter that deeply concerns the well-being of thou-
sands who have no idea of the danger that threatens them.
Every person of intelligence should ask himself whether there
be not something in his past life which admits of the possi-
bility that he himself may be concerned, either at present or
prospectively, in the subject. Science and experience, founded
on professional study, have happily discovered effectual means
of relief •, but it is important that care be taken in selectin2-
the quarter from whence assistance is sought. Dr. LA'MERT
is the only legally qualified pnctitioner on the Medical
Register who for 20 years has exclusively devoted himself to
the treatment of a peculiar class of infirmities incidental to
youth and maturity. A fund of valuable suggestions and In-
formation is contained in his well-known work on the Cure
of Nervous and Physical Debility, which may be had, price is.,
or free by post for 13 stamps, from Mann, bookseller, 39,
Cornhill ; or direct from the Author, who may be daily con-
sulted from 10 tilt 3, and from 6 till 8, at his residence, 37,
BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON.

DR. BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDICINES,
known throughout the world, for the cure of every
disease incidental to man, woman, and child.
PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGE FABLE PILLS,
A family Purgative for regulating the bowels, purifying the
blood, removing vitiated humours, bilous, liver, and stomach
complaints, rheumatism, gout, scorbutic affections, costive-
ness, pains in the limbs and joints, &c. These Pills work
their way to the very roots of each disease, cleansing in their
passage, removing every unhealthy accumulation, till the
blood is purified, the whole system renovated, and all the
1 unctions act according to nature. Price per box, is. lid., 2s.
9d., 45, Gel., and lie.
VEGETABLE SKIN OINTMENT, _ _

For eradicating- all skin eruptions, sores, deep-seated ulcers, 1
ehapped hands, chilblains, boils, pimples, roughness and
blotches on the face, neck, and hands, &c., &c., acting visibly
on the complexion, preserving, improving, softening, and
beautifying the skin. Thousands have use it, and declare it
to be the best ointment in the world. Per Pot, is. 14d., and
2s. 9d.
CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE.
This invigorating Medicine rostores the wasted and im-
paired functions and powers of life, when exhausted by
sojourn in hot climates, and excesses of various kinds,
brought on in early youth, maturity, and old age. It is a
certain cure for indigestion, lowness of spirits, hypochon-
kiriasis, asthma, neuralgia, sciatica, tic doloreux, chronic
nervous debility, and premature decay, nervo-cerebral affec-
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dang.rons consequent deposits, such as gravel, stone, &c.,
chronic and spasmodic stricture, enlargement of the prostate,
weakness of the bladder, retention and non-retention, soften-
ing of the kidneys, and all female complaints. The properties
of this invaluable remedy possess the power of enriching,
increasing, and purifyinp,- each particular vital fluid, rendering
them prolific', so as to enjoy health and vigour. Per bottle,
4s. ild., lls., or one containing four times that quantity, 335.
Thousands of cures proved and sworn to before the Right
Hon. the Lord !Stayer of London and satin., magistrate(, &c.
Sold by BUCH.AN and CO., Patentees, 22, Newman-street,
Oxford-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and
country.
London Agents—Barclay and Son, 75, Farringdon-street ;
Newbery, and Sons, 95, St. Paul's-churchyard ; J. Sanger,
150, Oxford-street; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Butler, 4,
Cheapside ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London-bridge ;
Bowden, 78, Gracechurch-street ; Prout, 229, Strand, &c.
Gratis, or post free for one stamp, of all agents, and 22,
Newman-street, Extracts from Dr. BUCHAN'S DOMES-
TIC MEDICINES.
A Physician and Member of the Royal College pf Surgeons,
E., &c. (registered under the new Medical Act), attends daily,
as above, to give advice without fee to those purchasing W,
Buchan and Co.'s Medicines.
N.B. Medicines forwarded to all parts of the world on
receipt of Post-office orders, to be made payable to W.
Buchan and CO.

NOTICE.— BUCKLEYS' SERENADERS.—
LAsr WEEK but TWO of the Season, owing to
several Provincial Engagements entered into previous to
their appearance in London. The Programme will be changed
erery week.sa as to enable them to produce all their most
l'opular Novelties, the Burlesque Operatic Selections will be
varied, including "Lucretia Borgia, ' "Cenerentola," " Tro-
vatore," and "La Sonnambula." Doors open every night at
half past Seven. A Day Performance every Wednesday and
Saturday. Doors open at half-past Two. Stalls, 3s. ; Area,
2s. ; Gallery, le.
St. James's Hall, Piccadilly,
19th January, 1861.

MR. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN-
MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY-
GRAPHIC HALL, King Wit lam-street, Charing-cross,
TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at
Eight. Private boxes, £1 Is. ; Stalls and box stalls, 3s. ;
area, 2s. ; amphitheatre, is. -A plan of the stalls may be
seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box-
office, from 10 till 4. Morning Performance, Saturday, Jan.
19.

tVANS'S Magnificent MUSIC and SUPPER
ROOMS; Covent-Garden. HACKNEY has returned
to this Establishment. Suppers as usual after the Theatres.

CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. - ARGYLL
ROOMS.,--GRAND MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT
with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established
eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal
Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by
Mons. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piatcn, M. Boulcourt.—Dancing
at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission.

THE NATIONAL. ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
High Holborn.—The mos; elegant entertainment in
the world. The dancing area is host extensive. The reading
and smoking rooms on eitlnrsideof the spacious galleries are
replete with every comfort, and the refreshment rooms at-
tached to the ball room are unrivalled even by Oriental
beauty. The wines and refreshm ,elts are of the highest qua-
lity, and the band, conducted by Xt. Packer, stands alone for
its excellence. Admission, ls.

,413ECTACLES.-SIGHT AND HEARING.-
DEAFNESS.—A newly-invented instrument for ex-
treme cases of deafness, called the SOUND MAGNIFIER,
Organic Vibrator, and Invisible Voice Conductor. It fits so
into the ear as not to be in the levet perceptible ; the unplea-
sant sensation of singing noises in the head is entirely re-
moved. It affords instant relief to deaf persons, and enables
them to hear distinctly at Church and at public assemblies.
Every other kind of hearing instruments. Messrs. SOLO-
MONS have invented spectacle lenses of the greatest trans-
parent power. The valuable advantage derived from their
invention is, that vision becomes preserved and strengthened ;
very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the
most minute occupation, can see with these lenses of a much
less magnifying power, and they do not require the frequent
changes to the dangerous effects of further powerful assist-
ance.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York
Hotel

TELESCOPES, Opera, Race-course, Field, and
general Out-door Day and Night Perspective Glasses,
very small, for the waistcoat pocket, each containing 12 and
18 lenses, constructed of German glass. Will show distinctly
a person to know him at two-and-a-half and three miles, and
an object from 8 to 10 miles distant. Her Majesty's Coast
Guard are making use of them as day and night glasses in
preference to all others ; they are a.so preferred for deer-
stalking by sportsmen, gentlemen, and gamekeepers. Tele-
sacnozes,kno3lninaclit lmotillge,s,brtn7lhaicnh
oabyecertsoai tt
p2aTobe
4clinelfelys*, seenis
tance ; and with an extra astronomical eye-piece Jupiter's
moons, Saturn'4 rings, and the double stars are distinctly
seen ; they are in endless variety, of larger and all sizes, with
increasing powers, and are secured by her Majesty's Royal
letters patent.—Messrs. S. and B. SOLOMONS, Opticians, 39,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel, W.

MAGIC LANTERNS and DISSOLVING
VIEWS lent out, and sent into the country, with the
option to purchase. Messrs. S. &B. SOLOMONS Improved
Phantasmagoria Lanterns having lenses of pure German
Glass, and being arranged with Solomons' beautiful light,
which surpasses any other for its sinr.plicity and brilliancy,
a clear disc is obtained 20 feet diameter, hitherto unattained.
Slides in great variety. They also beg to introduce their
new Instrument, which is one of the most amusing and in-
structive ever brought out. It illustrates the motion of the
Planets, Armstrong's shot, and many wonderful effects, price
255. Also, the improved Life-boat Barometer, by Admiral
Fitzroy; it needs no comment upon its superiority, and is
now arranged by them for the use of the public. Price £4 4s.
Scientific Instrument Makers, 39, Albemarle-street, Picca-
dilly, W.

FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT IN SHEER-

NESS DOCITAI?D.

SHEERNESS, THURSDAY.

This morning (Thursday) a most 'distressing and
fatal accident occurred in the dock at Sheerness,
involving the sacrifice of three persons' lives and
jeopardising another, besides inflicting serious in-
juries on three more workmen.

From information obtained on the spot, immedi-
ately after the fatal occurrence, the following par-
ticulars may be relied upon :—lt is necessary to
mention that the Sheerness yard, as in other
Government establishments of the kind, is divided
into a number of separate compartments or work-
shops, each compartment being devoted to some
particular branch of Government employment, and
that the department in which the accident occurred
is termed the boiler shop, and is in connection with
the steam factory. This building is about 320 feet
in length, 70 in width, and 60 in height, and is fitted
with forges and machinery. Transversely in the
building, at an elevation of about 40 feet from the
floor, are erected what are technically termed " tra-
vellers," or tramways, which can be moved from
one end of the building to the other, as circum-
stances require. On thew travellers are placed
"jennys," or locomotive cranes, which can
be - 'moved backward and forward for the
purpose of lifting or moving boilers, and
other ponderous pieces of machinery. At the time
of the accident, which was about 10 minutes past 7
a.m., 100 men, asnearly ascan be ascertained, were
at work in the building, 8 of whom were on the
traveller, or tramway in question, engaged in moving
a huge boiler, weighing not less than 28 tons. A
connection between the crane and boiler had been
formed, and the men who were on the tramway
were turning the jenny for the purpose of raising
the boiler from its position, when, from some cause
not explained, but most probably from the heavy
strain, the traveller broke with a sudden crash just
above the boiler, and at the point where the strain
must necessarily havebeen greatest, throwing down
seven out of the eight men, as well as the jenny or
crane. The names of the men are John M'Donnell,
Anthony Bessell, Wm. Hadlow, Timothy Parker,
Walter Weybraw, Wm. Fackerell, and J. Harragh.
Six of them fell on the boiler which they were ope-
rating upon, and one of them was precipitated to
the ground a distance of 40 feet. The jenny, which
is from three to four tons in weight, also fell on the
top of the boiler as well as on the top of the six
men, instantly killing two of them, and seriously
injuring the four others. Assistance being at hand
it was immediately called into requisition, by which
means the bodies of the unfortunate fellows were
speedily extricated. Dr. Cross, surgeon to the esta-
blishment, was also quickly in attendance, and ren-
dered every aid. The two men who were killed,
viz., M'Donnell and Bessell, must have died instan-
taneously, their bodies, which presented a frightful
spectacle, being very muoh mutilated. Of those
injured, the one who had fallen to the ground, and
whose name is Hadlow, sustained a severe fracture
on the skull, besides other injuries, and has since
died in the military hospital from the effects. An-
other of the injured persons, named Timothy Par-
ker, who has been removed to the military hospital,
lies in a dangerous condition, having been in-
jured in the ribs and had his thigh broken just
above the knee. The injuries inflicted on the
others are, we are happy to state, not of an alarm-
ing or fatal character. The following is an authentic
list of the casualties

Killed—John M'Donnell, boiler-maker, aged 48,
leaving a widow, and Anthony Bessell, aged 50,
leaving a widow and six children.
Since Dead—William Hadlow, assistant boiler-
maker, aged 28, a single man from Sittingbourne,
having been engaged only a few days in the estab-
lishment.
Injured—Timothy Parker (in the hospital), boiler
maker, aged 46 ; thigh and ribs broken ; has a wife
and three children. Walter Weybraw, assistant
boiler-maker, aged 34 ; a severe fracture in the
knee ; has a wife and two children. William
Fackerell, boiler-maker, age 30; fracture in the
knee ; has a wife and one child. John Harragh,
boiler-maker, age 36 ; injuries in the ribs and back ;
has a wife and two children. _ _ _

An inquiry into the cause of the calamity is ex•
pected to-morrow (Friday),

GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—The Government
emigrant vessel Nile, of 716 tons, Captain F. S. Watley,
belonging to Mr. Duncan Dunbar, of London, sailed from
Plymouth, on the 29th ult., for Sydney, New South Wales,
with 17 married couples, 116 single men, 102 single women,
15 boys between the ages of 1 and 12, 8 girls between the
same ages, and 1 malskinfant, making a total of 270 souls,
equal to 2571 statute adults, under charge of Surgeon-
Superintendent William Holman, assisted by the services
of Mary A. Robertson, matron, and Edward H. Flannery,
schoolmaster.

[ADVERTISEMENT.) pills and medicine invariably ag-
gravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, dis-
appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons
in indifferent health sending only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
will receive gratis and free by post the " INVALIDS' OWN
GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex-
ruse, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and
refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal
of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints
nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation,
cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea,
dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds,
noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions,
hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi-
tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms,
sinking, fits, brOUChitb.— "tliaquestionoMy the gated Quid,
to.health.'

NANCILESTER AND INDIA.

MANCHESTER, JAN. 3 31,
Yesterday an important conference was held at
the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, for the pur-
pose of considering generally the condition of India
in her relations with this country.
Mr. Edmund Potter oceupied the chair.
The CHAIRMAN having briefly explained why
the conference had been called together, said that
in order to give it a commencement, a minute which
had been prepared by the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce would be first read and laid upon the
table. After that four resolutions, which had also
been prepared by them, would be read and laid
upon the table
Mr. MURRAY GLADSTONE then rose to move the
first resolution as follows :—" That in the opinion
of this conference the financial position of India is
such as to excite great uneasiness, owing to her
increasing debt, the continued excess of expendi-
ture over revenue, and the suspension of reproduc-
tive werks throughout the country, upon which
large sums have already been expended, as an-
nounced in a minute issued by th, Supreme Go-
vernment at Calcutta, on the 19th November last ;
and this conference is further of opinion that clear
and simple statements of the accounts of the revenue
and expenditure of India should be published an-
nually, or more frequently if possible, showing
distinctly the manner in which the revenue is re-
ceived and disposed of, distinguishing the receipts
and disbursements on the railways, and on all other
public works." He observed that gentlemen might
probably be aware that the Governor-General of
India had lately published a minute, in which he
stated that, in consequence of the absolute inability
to raise any further sums of money in that country,
it would be impracticable to continue the execution
of the great public works in which they were engaged
in India, such as railways and other works of that
kind. The government of India had guaranteed a
certain rate of interest-5 per cent.—upon the
money which had been lent for the purpose of for-
warding those railway works in India, which
interest would have to be paid. More money was
wanted to carry on these works, but it appeared
that more money was not forthcoming. It appeared,
therefore, to this board that a separate loan should
b e raised in this country for the purpose of provid-
ing the government of this country with the funds
necessary to carry on these public works. Upon
the completion of these public works depended the
regeneration of India. A further sum of 20 per
cent. was requisite to enable the government to
improve the drainage, to make roads so as to bring
down the produce of the interior to the seaboard.
He could say, after an experience of ten years, that
India produced everything they could desire, and
all that was wanted was to have the resources of
the country properly developed. Happy would it
be for them if the present crisis of affairs turned
their attention to that country. India was the only
place from which they could get an immediate
supply of cotton. From other quarters he had no
doubt they might get it in time; but from no
quarter could they obtain a supply so quickly as
from India. The cotton was there, and all that was
wanted was the means of bringing it down cheaply
to the seaboard. He thought that England should
raise £5,000,000 or £6,000,000 for the next five
years and lend it to India, which would enable her
public works to be completed; and it appeared to
him to be the only means of restoring equilibrium
to India. He hoped the resolution would commend
itself to the judgment of all present. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. DUNLOP said that the resolution spoke so
much for itself that it scarcely required any support
from him. That the financial position was such as
to excite great uneasiness was too clear to be denied,
and that public works should be promoted was
undoubtedly most desirable and necessary.
Railways, common roads, works of irrigation, and
improvement of harbours, was what India re-
quired. He was not aware that the works were
altogether suspended, and believed that they were
only partially so. He agreed with the last speaker,
that India was the only country to which they
could look for an immediate supply of cotton.
This was a national question, and was second only
to the supply of food for the people. High prices
might be sufficient to stimulate Europeans, but
they had to deal with Asiatics, and the govern.
ment ought at once to instruct the government
collectors to encourage the people in every way.
He hoped that by this means they would be able
to some extent to make up for the deficiency of
the exports from America. (Hear.)
Mr. CIIEETHAM thought that the resolution
should not merely express the sense of uneasiness
which was felt at the financial condition of India,
but should point out some mode by which that
uneasiness could be diminished, and the income and
expenditure brought more nearly to balance one
another. (Hear, hear.) Now he found that the
income of India for 1860-61 was £39,140,000, in-
cluding the new taxes proposed by Mr. Wilson,
and the expenditure £45,234,000, leaving a defi-
ciency of £6,250,000. That was the state of
things which made him uneasy, and which called
for a remedy. Of this £39,000,000, no less than
17,154,000 was for the cost of collection ;
£3,397,000 for the political establishment ;
£BBB,OOO for marine, which was a large sum con-
sidering they had no naval enemies to contend
with in India; £3,124,000 for the interest of the
debt ; £5,157,000 for home charges, including
stores; £1,276,000 for the guaranteed interest on
railways. Then came three items, to which ho
wished to call special attention—the judicial and
police charge, which cost £4,000,000. Now so far
as that had been expended on the judicial admi-
nistration of India, nothing could be more desi-
rable, because it was of great importance that they
should have magistrates of learning and impar-
tiality in that country. At the present moment
£4,000,000 were spent on the police, one-half of
which might be put to the military account, the
police being now organised as a sort of irregular
infantry. (Hear.) The expenditure on buildings,
roads, aid public works was £4,390,000. But they
would find, on looking into that item, that a great
part of the amount was for new barracks for
troops, and matters of that kind, which strictly
belonged to military expenditure. The military
estimate for last year was £21,000,000. The esti-
mate for this year was £15,276,000 ; but adding
to this the half of the police and public works
expenditure the amount would be £20,000,000,
which was far too large a sum out of the £39,000,000
which constituted the whole revenue of India.
(Cheers.) As long as this state of things continued
it was in vain to suppose that equilibrium would
ever be restored between income and revenue. He
begged, therefore, to move an addition to the reso-
lution to the effect that the military expenditure
should be cut down.
Mr. FOSTER, of the Bradford Chamber of Com-
merce, seconded the amendment.

Mr. PENDER thought it would be altogether a
wrong policy if India was to be kept up as a nur-
sery for military mutineers. He should support
the amendment because it was practical. If India
was to be held for glory only, by means of forts and
armies, the sooner they gave it up altogether the
better. But he had hopes that by good manage-
ment the finances of India might be brought not
only to an equilibrium between revenue and expen-
diture, but that India might become the brightest
gem in the British crown. (Hear, hear.) The
cotton of India was not of the staple they required;
but he had no doubt it could be improved, and he
was told that machinery could be made to spin that
shorter stapled cotton. But the great points to be
gained in the first instance were to facilitate the
carriage of the cotton to the seaboard, and to bring
the expenditure and income to balance. (Hear,
hear.)
Mr. KINNAIRD, M.P., said that he thought they
were met to discuss the value of India as a cotton-
growing country in the present crisis of American
affairs ; but it appeared to him that they were en-
tering on a discussion of the military estimates of
India without sufficient information on the subject.
(Hear.)
Mr. CAMPBELL believed that the great military
force in India was the chief cause of the evils of the
country, and he did not expect any prosperity as
long as they maintained an enormous native force
and a European army for the purpose of keeping
the native army to their duty. (Hear.)
Mr. Ross supported the original motion.
Mr. MURRAY GLADSTONE said he could not accept
the amendment, because they came there as men
of business to discuss practical questions, and not
politics.
Mr. CHEETIIAM said he should withdraw his
amendment, and introduce it in another form.
The amendment was then withdrawn, and the
original motion carried unanimously.
resMolru.tioCnil :LEM That, then
the proposed
opinion of
than army is
confer-
ence, the enormous cost of the In
of debt,
ciou over-taxation,
t fi.
anxaanticoi
one of the chief causes of the excess of expendi-
tureal
r overdistress,
resulting revenuein increase
of h
and stoppage of public works ; and that this con-
ference would most earnestly support her Majesty's
the
oe

Government in the determination they have ex-
pressed to reduce the number, and therefore the
cost, of the Indian army, especially the native
army and armed police." They had still 300,000
native troops in India and 80,000 European
troops, and if India could not be maintained
without such a force, the sooner it was given up
the better. (Hear.)
Mr. FOSTER 'seconded the motion, and said it was
because he wished to retain their hold of India that
he desired to see a reduction of the military expen-
diture. He believed the Government would be
glad to see their progress towards retrenchment
strengthened by a resolution like this. (Hear.)
Mr. J. PEEL was of opinion they acted unwisely
in not taking the Indian widow for better or for
worse, with all her debts and responsibilities, but
fine property. (Laughter.) If they had done that
when they succeeded to the East India Company,
the House of Commons and the country generally
would take more interest in the affairs of that coun-
try, and would not allow her revenues to be squan-
dered. (Hear.)
Mr, MASSEY, M.P., said he could not support the
original amendment, because it committed them to
a rash opinion on a matter with regard to which
their information was avowedly imperfect. (Hear,
hear.) But it was different with regard to the
resolution now before the conference; for whilst it
would not alarm the people of India with the idea
that military protection was about to be withdrawn
from them, it would encourage the Government to
proceed in the career of retrenchment. (Hear.)
The motion was then put and carried, three
hands having been raised in opposition to its passing.
Mr. DUNLOP moved the next resolution, as fol-
lows. :—" That, in the opinion of this conference,
unless means are otherwise available, a loan should
be raised, to be speeially and exclusively applied to
the resumption and completion of reproductive
works in India, under the control of a board of
works, to be appointed for each of the three presi-
dencies respectively, it being their firm conviction
that some such course is necessary to develop the
vast resources of the empire ; and it is further the
opinion of this conference, that the revenue to be
expected from judiciously conducted reproductive
works in India will suffice to pay the interest upon
expenditure within a brief space of time, and may
be so dealt with as to liquidate the whole outlay in
the course of a limited number of years."
Dr. BEGG seconded the resolution, and said that
the natives of India required to be stimulated by
European energy and capital.
Mr. ASHWORTH believed that if the natives got a
more secure land tenure it would stimulate their
exertions very considerably. Sir C. Trevelyan stated
that if they had a secure land tenure, five or six
regiments might be dispensed with in Madras alone.
(Hear.)
Mr. TURNER, "M.P., said that a loan had been
suggested if other means were not available. He
believed that other means were available. The)
British Government were in possession of an im-
mense estate in India, and one of the great objects
for which that property was transferred to them
was that they might administer it as good land-
lords, relieving the tenantry from the oppression of
former owners, making them contented and happy,
whilst at the same time they derived an advantage
themselves from the capital they laid out. If neces-
sary, there was no reason why they should not sell
a small portion of that estate, like other landlords,
in order to improve the remainder. (Hear, hear.)
The late Minister of India, Lord Stanley, sent out
a minute authorising the Government to make sales
of land in fee. That ought to raise money sufficient
to develop the resources of the country. (Hear.)
He believed no notice was taken of that by the
Indian Government. He did not know whether
Sir C. Wood required compliance with the order of
his predecessor, though he had his own opinion on
the subject; but at all events that appeared to him
to be one of the means available for improving an
immense estate which had hitherto been totally
neglected. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. BAZLEY, M.P., said he feared the observa-
tion of his hon. colleague might lead to a miscon-
ception, because the minute which Lord Stanley
sent out had reference to the waste lands of India
only. He did not propose that the land tenure of
India should be altered, and he (Mr. Bazley)
thought that a much more extensive measure was
required than one by which mere jungle and waste
land could be reclaimed and appropriated. (Hear.)
His own opinion was that the Indian mutiny and
the other evils of that country originated in bad
government and the want of a proper ad-
ministration of justice. Until they removed
these obstacles to the improvement of India, and
introduced a good system of conveyance by which
the products of India could be brought easily and
cheaply to the seaboard, they need not look for
any important reduction in the expenditure of that
country, or hope that India would be as profitable
to herself and to England as she ought to be.
The public works of India:might be made to con-
stitute a fund of wealth to the country into which
capital would be poured as into the stocks at home.
(Hear, hear.)
The resolution was put and carried unanimously
Mr. Slum, chairman of the Sheffield Chamber
of Commerce, moved—" That this conference is of
opinion that the high customs duties recently im-
posed in India are greatly to be deprecated, inas-
much as they check the expansion of trade, and in
the case of imports foster native manufactures under
a false system of protection, reversing the free
trade policy under which our own country has made
rapid:progress in civilisation, influence, and wealth;
and this conference is further of opinion, that the
Government should be urged to reduce the customs
duties now levied in India, being convinced that
high duties are unsound in principle, and can never
be expedient in practice."
Mr. M. Ross seconded the resolution.

Mr. J. PENDER said the question of duties at
Bombay affected not only the interests of India,
but materially affected the interests of this com-
munity. If it could be proved that the people of
India could spin cotton and manufacture cotton
goods as cheaply as could be done in Manchester,
then he said India was the place to spin and manu-
facture cotton. But if they required protection in
order to create this industry, then he said we were
going back to a system which England had con-
demned, and through the abolition of which Eng-
land had greatly increased in wealth, while giving
at the same time a great impetus to civilisation
throughout the world. (Hear.) He was satisfied
that if this system went on in Bombay, of building
fresh mills, it would drive India back to a certain
extent to the resumption of the old cotton hand-
loom manufactures of that country. Since we com-
menced to supply ourselves labour had increased in
value in India, showing that we had not injured,
but developed the native industry. If we now
created this trade in India we should not be bene-
fiting
the finances of the Indian Government ; we
should actually be killing the goose that laid the
golden eggs. (Hear, bear.) The next step the
Indian Government must take must be to get taxa-
tion out of this industry that they were creating ;
and thus they would at once destroy it again, after
having inflicted so much injury on our own trade.
He had some statements respecting the progress of
cotton spinning in India, which showed that the
works in Bombay were entered into with the view
of supplying the whole of India with their produc-
tion. The figures showed an extraordinary expan-
sion in this respect, and that we were dealing with
a people who had, to say the least of it, a great
desire to "go ahead." (Hear, hear.) The Parsee
population of Bombay seemed to have no lack of
ambition to become very large manufacturers,
because the new mills and extensions in contempla-
tion were no less than 311,842 spindles and 4,025
looms, and there were at work 82,566 spindles and
240 looms. He had no doubt at all that at whatever
cost these mills might be built, they would be
not
the
ruin of a great number of people. He diddin
believe that a different policy was to be
his pursuedcountry.
India than was found to be the rule
a i
Those mills, therefore, would be wonraktedat cost
d would ulti-
which would pay the purchaser,
le who would so
mutely come into the hands of p
work them. The course no:Padopted by the
Government was contrary to the free trade policy
of this country, and as such he deprecated such a
mode of raising revenue, and thought that the
sooner
India.
It would be better to borrow money for two
or three years, until the finances of India were in
a sound state, than to destroy an industry the
absence of which must eventually retard the pro-
gress of the country. In America the cost of convey-
ing cotton by way of the Lakes was 1-9 d. to 2-9 d.
per ton per mile • by the Erie Canal, 3-9 d.; but
in India, down the Ganges, it was id. to ; and
the cost of conveying cotton from Berar, the great
cotton-producing land of Bombay, on pack bullocks,
was no less than 101 d. per ton per mile. The Go.
vernment ought to give us cheaper Conveyance.
The same obstacle was in the way of taking our
goods to the interior. India was the country to
which we had to look for increased consumption of
English fabrics, and if India could give us back
cotton, both countries would be enriched. We not
only wanted roads to bring cotton cheaply to tho

L~~

seaboard, but the same roads to take our goods to
the interior. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. M. GLADSTONE remarked that the trade in
saltpetre was materially affected. Saltpetre was
much more used in this country in peace even than
in war, because it entered so largely into the com-
position of bleaching materials. A very high export
duty had been placed on saltpetre, because it was
considered that India was the only country that
produced it. The result was that the manufacture
on the Bombay side was entirely crushed ; the pro-
duction of artificial saltpetre had been got up in
this country and France, and we were in a fair way
to see the export of the article from Bengal cease
entirely. What English traders wanted was no
protection for themselves, but a fair field to both
countries and no favour to either. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. 'MASSEY, M.P., thought the sense of this
meeting was against the retention of any duty at
all, and suggested that the resolution should be
shortened by omitting the words after the word
"wealth," in order to avoid implying that the con-
ference had no further objection to urge if the
duties were placed on the reduced scale.
This was agreed to by the mover, and seconded,
and the resolution so abridged was adopted unani-
mously.
Mr. WHITWORTH, of Halifax, moved :—" That
in the opinion of this conference the Government
ought to be urged to afford every possible encour-
agement to European traders, planters, and capi-
talists who may be induced to settle or purchase
property in India, it being their belief that in the
iucrease of British settlers will be found the per-
manent prosperity of the country. And in order
to give confidence to such settlers or capitalists,
simple and effective powers, especially as regards
contracts, should be enacted, and that every pos-
sible opportunity should be given for the purchase
of land in fee simple."
The motion was agreed to, and the conference
broke up.
T"