The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-02 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

Orders were yesterday issued from the Horse
Guards directing upwards of 1,000 non-commis-
sioned officers and men of the Royal Artillery to be
held in readiness to embark for India with the
reinforcements of infantry troops proceeding from
Chatham. The following are the details of the
number of men who will be selected from each of
the batteries of the depot brigade for embarcation :
From Sheerness, 4 sergeants, 10 corporals, 3 bom-
bardiers, and 350 gunners, for Calcutta, and 150
gunners for Madras ; from No. 5 battery, 220 drivers
for Calcutta ; from No. 6 battery, 65 drivers for
Calcutta ; from No. 7 battery, 150 drivers for
Madras, and 15 drivers for Calcutta ; from No. 11
battery, 50 drivers for Calcutta; from Yarmouth,
2 sergeants, 2 corporals, and 2 bombardiers for Cal-
cutta and Madras; and from Woolwich, 5 bombar-
diers for Calcutta, and 3 sergeants, 6 corporals, and
10 bombardiers for Madras.

In consequence of the 4th company of Royal
Engineers, which is stationed at Dover, where it is
employed in the repairs and reconstruction of the
defences on that part of the coast, being below its
required strength, orders have been received at the
head-quarters of the Royal Engineer establishment, ,
Chatham, directing 20 non-commissioned officers
and men to be selected for that company, to raise it
to its proper complement. The Royal Engineers
selected will leave head-quarters for Dover on
Saturday next.
The volunteers given by the various East Indian
depots at Chatham to those regiments which are
below their proper strength, to the number of
279 men, were assembled on the general parade
ground yesterday morning, and after inspection
were marched off to join their new corps at
Portsmouth, Parkhurst, and Chichester. The
corps for which volunteering has been opened
at Chatham are the 2d battalion 4th King's
Own, Ist battalion Bth, 2d battalion 11th, Ist
battalion 24th, Ist battalion 25th King's Own
Borderers, 29th, 50th Queen's Own, 59th, 73d, and
100th. The Ist depot battalion gave 13 men for
Chichester, 29 for Parkhurst, and 67 for Ports-
mouth; the 2d depot battalion, 9 for Chichester, 21
for Parkhurst, and 43 for Portsmouth ; and the 3d
battalion 14 for Chichester, 33 for Parkhurst, and
50 for Portsmouth.

The undermentioned troops are under orders to
embark at Gravesend to-day on board the Clarence,
1,250 tons, Capt. J. Watson, belonging to Messrs.
Green, for Madras—viz., two men of the Ist (the
King's) Dragoon Guards, from Kneller-hall ; one
officer and 46 men of the Ist battalion Ist Royals,
from Colchester ; one officer and 100 men of the 3d
battalion 60th Rifles, from Winchester; one officer
of the 52d Light Infantry, from Chatham ; three
officers and 80 men of the 74th Highlanders, from
Aberdeen ; one man of the 68th Light Infantry, and
three officers and 20 men of the 69th Regiment, from
Chatham and Fermoy ; and one man of the 21st
Fusileers from Wellington.
The only movement of importance in the camp at
Aldershott last week besides the departure of the
30th Regiment for Canada, already noticed in The
Sun, was the arrival on Thursday and Friday of
the 53d Regiment, under the command of Lieut.-
Col. English, C.B. The regiment, which came to
Aldershott from Plymouth, is quartered in the G
and H lines, North Camp, and now forms part of
the 3d brigade under the command of Brigadier-
General Russell. The strength of the regiment is
21 officers and 395 rank and file. On Friday after-
noon a fire broke out in the North Camp in the ser-
geants' mess of the 84th Regiment. A good supply
of water being, however, at hand the flames were
quickly subdued. A divisional field-day formed
also one of the events of last week. Lieut.-General
Sir J. Pennefather, accompanied by his Staff, in-
spected the assembled troops.
During the past few days volunteering from the
several Indian depots in Colchester Camp, whose
strength is complete, has been most actively carried
on, and yesterday a draught, consisting of about
200 men from the 34th, 38th, 97th, 88th, and 66th
Regiments, together with a detachment of about 50
volunteers from the 10th depot battalion, left the
camp and proceeded to Aldershott, to join the seve-
ral regiments to which they have been attached.
The garrison orders of the Royal Artillery at
Woolwich yesterday announced that an officer and
20 non-commissioned officers and men are to be held
in readiness to leave the depot at Woolwich on the
sth inst., and proceed to Portsmouth to embark for
the Cape of Good Hope ; and also that an Artillery
depot is ordered to be formed at Warley, to which
atdt
heecrersdo lonel, lieutenant-colonel, surgeon, and assist.-
surgeon will shortly be appointed.
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nhnageloafA st corporationrehsleeenewtailoanartpofeopmfaoLrdtemeel dse Woolwich,nstf
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nexhibited a a
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new system eow
even-
ing of the 16th inst. An Armstrong six-pounder
gun, with the requisite accompaniments, has been
accorded for that purpose.

An Armstrong 126-pounder gun, on a new ar-
rangement, was yesterday landed on the wharf at
Woolwich, from Shoeburyness, for the purpose of
being tested at the proof butt preparatory to being
issued for service according to the usual regulations.
In this gun the screw for closing the breech is su-
perseded by a wedge, the series of small rifle grooves
are dispensed with, and three large grooves on the
shunt plan are substituted in their place. The gun
was recently employed with success at Shoebury-
ness in demolishing the battery lined with 8 and
10-inch plates of iron, when a projectile was fired,
weighing 1261 b., as stated in The Sun at the period.
The invalided troops brought to England by the
West India Mail Company's steamship Avon, whose
arroivarl at Spitbead from Barbadoes was announced
in u
yesterday's impression, were taken out yes-
terday by the Government steamtug and conveyed

The first draught from the Indian depots in
Colchester Camp, to reinforce regiments on foreign
service, will embark in the Clarence on Tuesday.
It will consist of a detachment of men and boys
from the Ist battalion Ist Royals, in charge of
Lieut. Freeborn, under orders for Madras. The
other depots which will contribute draughts about
the middle of the month will be the 34th, 38th, 54th,
56th, 88th, and 97th Regiments. The Ist battalion
of the 6th Foot being first on the list to return
home, the heavy draught from that depot, which
is now of unusual strength, has been countermanded
by order of his Royal Highness the Commander-in-
Chief.

It is understood that the new barrack works con-
templated in Colchester will be almost immediately
contracted for, the item in the army estimates for
this service having received the sanction of the
House of Commons. No such extensive accommo-
dation as was at one time contemplated is, however,
likely to be carried out, and for the present only
substantial brick barracks for a strong body of
cavalry will be erected.

The Inverness-shire Highland Light Infantry,
under the command of the Hon. S. Fraser, were in-
spected on Tuesday by Lord F. Paulet, C. 8,, at
Fort George, where the regiment has been stationed
during the month's training. His lordship compli-
mented the men on the manner in which they per-
formed the bayonet exercise, which he said he had
rarely seen excelled by regiments of the line. He
added that of 28 regiments of militia which he had
this year inspected, the target practice of the Inver-
ness-shire Highlanders showed the highest figure of
merit.

TEE LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE
FRIENDS OF POLAND. I

The following is the address to the Venerable
Prince Adam Czartoryski adopted at the recent
annual meeting of the Literary Association of the
Friends of Poland, with the Prince's reply :

TO HIS HIGHNESS PRINCE ADAM
CZARTORYSKI.

Prince,—We, the undersigned president, vice-
president, members of the council, and other mem-
bers of the Literary Association of the Friends of
Poland, desire to express to your countrymen,
through you, their revered representative and chief,
our admiration of their great self-control, fortitude,
and courage, under the most trying provocations,
during the late events at Warsaw.
We rejoice to recognise in these civic virtues,
and in the perfect peace and order which prevailed
during the self-government which they extempo-
rised in a crisis of panic, and were permitted to
exercise for too brief a period, how entirely the
Poles are worthy of that national existence which
is the object of their aspirations, and of which a
great crime deprived them.
During the last 30 years we have never despaired
of the ultimate triumph of justice in Poland, but we
now feel more than ever assured of it, when we see
how completely the national intelligence and the
national spirit have survived and overcome all the
efforts of a long-continued system of coercion and
oppression to degrade and extinguish them.
We further rejoice to see how persecution and cala-
mity, suffered in common, and insidious endeavours,
repeatedly made to sow dissension between pro-
prietor and peasant, have only served to unite all
classes and religious persuasions, Roman Catholics,
Protestants, and Jews, in one harmonious brother-
hood of devotion to their native land.

We at the same time consider it our duty to re-
cord in this address our protest against the lawless
and inhuman policy of the Russian Government in
marshalling organised troops in battle array against
an unarmed and inoffensive crowd, and deliberately
perpetrating the slaughter of men, women, and
children, without having been provoked by any act
of violence or disorder, and with no other apparent
purpose than that of stifling the voice of peaceable
remonstrance and appeal to the equity of the Sove-
reign, and of crushing hopes founded on recent
Promises of improvements never fulfilled.
We also consider it our duty to record our pro-
test against the policy, as unwise as it is unworthy,
of withholding from Poland institutions guaranteed
by treaties, and due alike to the historical renown
and present character of her people, a policy which
outrages every national feeling, creates a state of
permanent moral insurrection, degrades the govern-
ing power, and keeps up a constant source of weak-
ness and apprehension to Russia herself, as well
as of disturbance and danger to the order
and peace of other countries.

Whilst thus protesting against Russian misrule,
we feel that our remonstrances are, in a great mea-
sure, applicable also to the Governments of Austria
and Prussia, which have but too much disregarded
the conditions upon which they were permitted by
the other European Powers to retain their several
portions of the spoil of ancient Poland ; and we
cannot but express an earnest hope that those Go-
vernments, if the partition of Poland is to be con-
tinued, will, now that they have established repre-
sentative institutions, henceforth honestly discharge
the duties they contracted in 1815 towards Europe
and their Polish subjects.

We are firmly convinced, however, that the resto-
ration of Poland to that unity and independence
which are her just and rightful inheritance, would
not only be reparation of a great crime, but would
be most highly conducive to the reign of peace in
Europe, and the safety, honour, and welfare of the
partitioning Powers themselves.
We believe, Prince, that in this address we re-
present the general feeling of the British nation
with regard to Poland, and we conclude with the
earnest wish that the same Providence which has
already prolonged your valuable life beyond the
ordinary term of mortality may still preserve you
to witness the returning dawn of a wiser and more
righteous policy, and better days for the freedom
and prosperity of your country.
We have the honour to be, Prince, your High-
ness's most obedient and humble servants.

TOWNSIIBND, President.
HARROWBY, SANDON,
FORTESCUE, TALBOT DE MALAIIIDE,
SIIAFTESBURY, HARRY VERNEY,
HARRINGTON, W. PINNEY,
ZETLAND, D. SALOMONS, Alderman,
ILCHESTER, EDMUND BEALES,
KINNAIRD, W. H. BIRBECK,
EBURY, EDWARD JOHNSTONE.
RAYNHAM, Dr. WORTHINGTON, ice.
Literary Association of the Friends of Poland,
Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's,
June, 1861.

The following is Prince Czartoryski's answer
My lords and gentlemen,—l have to offer,
with deep feeling, my thanks for the expression of
your attachment to our cause.
" The trials of Poland have been lengthened and
constant, lengthened and constant also has been
the fidelity of her friends. My country knows, be-
lieve me, how to appreciate such feelings, and will
mark them by her gratitude.
" It has given me pleasure to perceive that you
have so thoroughly grasped the character of the
movement which at this moment agitates Poland.

You have appreciated fully the spirit of order and
moderation which marks it. Calm and strength in
its justice, it has remained clear of all violence;
destructive notions and revolutionary passions can_
not be discovered in it, nor external influences. The
contest is entirely on the field of right, and en-
tirely pacific and moral. What Poland demands,
what she expects, is support of the same character.
The morality of liberal Europe is now the point in
question.

" The dignity, the honour, and the interest of
England are bound up in this question. The right
that she will vindicate is not the right of Poland,
but that of civilised Europe. In the midst of the
grave modifications which international interests are
undergoing, before the incessant complications of
the eastern question, there is an interest of vitalim-

portance to the world, above all to Great Britain, of
aiding in the reconstitution of a people whose ruin,
a flagrant outrage of all laws human and divine,
has produced so profound a perturbation in the
moral and material condition of Europe. My coun-
try—l say it with pride—has been in its secular
existence as an independent state always useful and
never noxious to Europe. It has defended Chris-
tianity against the invasion of barbarism, and it
has carried the Gospel among Pagan nations. The
spirit of charity, not conquest, has ever guided it.
Partition and dismembered even, Poland has still
been to Europe a faithful ally. Her torn and pal-
pitating members have still formed an obstacle to
intriguing ambition and combinations dangerous to
the liberty of the world. Useful to others in the
time of her prosperity, ever devoted even in the
time of her misery, Poland will for the first time
cause damage to Europe on the day that she shall
fall. But on the eve of that day the civilised world
must lose all notions of justice, and every feeling
for its own safety and independence.—l have the
honour to be, my lords and gentlemen, &c.

"A. CZARTORYSKI.
"To the Right Hon. and Hon. President, Vice-
President, and Members of the Literary Asso-

ciation of the Friends of Poland in London."

TILE REPRESENTATION OF WOLVER-

HAMPTON.

k
The nomination took place yesterday in presence
of an immense concourse of..p'so4Bl aRa
such a
scene of excitement-was violas throughout the pro-
ceedings as has never before been witnessed at an
election for this borough. The hustings were erected
in St. James's-square, and there the respective can-
didates arrived at intervals between half-past 10
and 11 o'clock. Mr. Staveley Hill was the first to
make his appearance, accompanied by Capt. Thor-
neycroft and others of his principal supporters ; Mr.
W6guelin followed, escorted by many of the most
influential Liberals who have hitherto taken an
active part in the elections for the borough. Mr.
Griffiths came last, in a carriage drawn by a pair
of gray horses. He was followed by an immense
crowd, chiefly the operatives in the locality, and
was received with so many sounds of applause as to
leave no doubt that, so far as the sweet voices of
the million go, Mr. Griffiths is by long odds the
popular candidate.

The usual preliminaries having been gone through
The MAYOR (Mr. C. Clarke) stepped to the front
of the hustings and bespoke a fair hearing for all.
Mr. G. WALKER, solicitor, proposed Mr. Samuel
Griffiths as a fit and proper person to represent the
borough in Parliament. His nominee, he said, was
a townsman and well acquainted with the trade of
the district. He was, moreover, attached to the
principles of free trade, was a friend of progress,
and a stanch Liberal Reformer. Mr. Griffiths was
extensively engaged in the iron trade, a large em-
ployer of labour, and a friend of the labouring man.

Mr. HANCOX, of Bilston, seconded the nomina-
tion, but scarcely a couple of sentences he uttered
were audible.

Capt. TIIORNEYCROFT next came forward to no-
minate Mr. S. Hill, the candidate in the Liberal
Conservative interest. He was received with a storm
of hisses, yelling, and groaning, which prevented
his being heard for nearly a quarter of an hour. In
the few sentences which were audible the gallant
captain was understood to claim for his party as
much of real liberalism as existed on the other side.
The Conservatives had, he said, brought in a Reform
Bill, but the Liberals threw the Government out
and the bill as well, and had not yet fulfilled their
promise to carry a better measure through Parlia-
ment. With respect to the extension of the fran-
chise, he thought the time would arrive when the
suffrage would have to be considerably extended.
He concluded amidst continued uproar by formally
nominating Mr. Hill.
Mr. C. BAGNALL, a gentleman connected with the
iron trade, seconded the nomination, but very little
he said was heard.

Mr. a BARKER, ironmaster, in rising to nomi-
nate Mr. Weguelin, was received with immense up-
roar ; for many minutes he stood vainly endeavour-
ing to obtain a hearing. He was understood to say
that, having on a former occasion nominated a gen-
tleman who had recently been appointed Lord Chan-
cellor, he had now no less pleasure in nominating
Mr. Weguelin, who, he had no doubt, would serve
the constituency as truly and as faithfully as their
late member.

Mr. J. C. BARLOW, of Bilston, seconded the nomi-
nation, and in doing so encountered strong expres-
sions of disapprobation.
Mr. GRIFFITHS was received with immense
cheering, which lasted several minutes. He com-
menced by an allusion to placards of a personal cha-
racter which had been issued in the course of the
last few days, which, as far as they related to him-
self, he declared to be "gross calumnies." He next
alluded to the operations of the Bank of England in
1857, chiefly with the view to show that a great
amount of distress might have been averted had the
directors induced the Government to suspend the
Bank charter 14 days earlier than they did. Re-
ferring to his own creed, he avowed himself a
Methodist, but a friend to the Established Church ;
he would, however, he said, support any measure for
the abolition of church rates. He declared himself
in favour of the ballot, and for the repeal of the in-
come tax, chiefly on the ground of the objectionable
mode of levying and assessing the tax. He was
in favour of electoral districts; also an extension
of the franchise to £0 householders ; he con-
demned the circumstances under which Mr. Wegue-
lin had been brought forward, and insisted that
the time had come when this party-clique ought
to be put an end to in Wolverhampton. Mr. Griffiths
discoursed at great length on the foreign policy of
the Government ; the course which had been adopted
by Lord Palmerston he approved, as one of free- '
trade and non-intervention. Mr. Griffiths retired
amid enthusiastic cheering.
Mr. HILL next addressed the electors. He based
his claims on his knowledge of the trade of the town
and of local interests generally, which, if elected,
would have his unremitted attention. He con-
demned the circumstances under which Mr.
Weguelin had been brought forward by a party,
and alluded to his unfitness to represent the borough
from his ignorance of the various trades carried on
in the locality. Mr. Hill declared himself opposed
to the ballot, believing there was no necessity for
it, but if elected, and it was made clear to him that
there were cases of intimidation, he would vote for
measures to prevent it. As to an extension of the
franchise, he said that he was in favour of an ad-
justment
so far as related to a lodger franchise, and
would supply all other accidental omissions of the
last Reform Bill. If elected, he would do his duty,
he said, by all classes. Mr. Hill obtained a hearing
with much difficulty, the marks of disapprobation
interrupting his speech throughout.
Mr. WEGUELIN, on attempting to speak, was re-
ceived with a rene wed torrent of hisses and groaning.
When he did obtain a partial hearing (after the
Mayor and Mr. Griffiths had urged the crowd to
silence), he alluded to his long and intimate ac-
quaintance with commercial concerns generally, and
contended that the circumstance of his not being a
native of Wolverhampton was no disqualification
as a candidate to represent the borough in Parlia-
ment. He was in favour (he said) of a reduction
of the national expenditure, but would not go to
the extent of Mr. Griffiths in respect of the repeal
of the income- tax ; at the same time, he reminded
the working men that a repeal of the income-tax
would be followed by an addition to the duties on
tobacco, tea, and many other articles. He avowed
himself in favour of the total abolition of
Church-rates ; also of an extension of the suf-
frage to the extent of £6 rating to the poor.
Alr. Weguelin proceeded amid continued interrup-
tion to explain his views in reference to politi3al
questions. To electoral districts he declared him-
self opposed; wherever intimidation or corrupt in-
fluence could be proved to exist, the constituency
so affected had a right to demand the ballot.
When Mr. Weguelin retired, the MAYOR pro-
ceeded to take the show of hands, first, for Mr.
Griffiths, and fully five-sixths of the assembly in
front of the hustings held up their hands in his fa-
vour. For Mr. Hill not more than 200 or 300
hands were shown ; for Mr. Weguelin the number
was about the same ; thereupon the Mayor declared
the show of hands to be in favour of Mr. Griffiths.
A poll was demanded on behalf of Mr. Hill and
Mr. Weguelin ; this will take place on this (Tues-
day) morning.
The proceedings occupied upwards of four hours;
at the conclusion the crowd began to separate
quietly.
Mr. Weguelin's friends declare theinselTeo confi-
dent of his election.

If the language of diplomacy is still somewhat
pedantic and obscure, it is no longer withdrawn
from the reach of popular criticism. There is no-
thing occult or esoteric about the negotiations now
in progress respecting the temporal dominion of the
Pope, and every one who reads the papers is quite
as well informed as to the merits and prospects of
the Roman question as Cardinal Antonelli himself.
The excessive candour of Victor Emmanuel and his
advisers would be amusing, if it were not quite
serious, and withal in harmony with public opinion.
They talk of the approaching catastrophe of Papal
power, and of their own expectations or rights, as
they now venture to call them, before all Europe,
without the least delicacy or reserve. They do not
pretend to say that anything but the French occu-
pation of Rome prevents their annexing that city
forthwith, and they allude to the future in terms
which can mean nothing but that they expect this
obstacle to be removed on the death of Pius IX., if
not earlier. This was the spirit of all Count Ca-
vour's later speeches and despatches, and is cordially
adopted by Baron Ricasoli. The French Govern-
ment, on their part, by no means discourage these
hopes, but confine themselves to a justification of
their own attitude at Rome, and general expressions
of loyalty to the Pope. In this respect, the letter
of M. Thouvenel, recognising the new Italian King-
dom, is a fit pendant to that in which he declines
the overtures of Spain and Austria. Both these.
documents are conciliatory, and represent, with a
measured:vagueness which our..neighbours eall.pre-
cision, the double aspect of French policy in Italy.
Both intimate that the honour of France is pledged
to the defence of Rome for the present, and that no
evacuation will take place till " sufficient guaran-
tees" are given for the protection of those interests
which the Emperor is engaged to defend. But nei-
ther defines the nature of those interests or of the
securities referred to, and we can conceive several
ways in which the Imperial conscience might be
satisfied on this score, short of perpetuating the
Pope's sovereignty over Rome and the few suburban
districts now attached to it.

The pertinacity with which M. Thouvenel insists
in the newly-invented doctrine of non-intervention,
and the gravity with which he throws on the Italian
Government the whole responsibility of past and
future aggressions, is calculated to provoke a smile.
Yet it is only one out of many instances of the con-
fusion of names and ideas which Thucydides men-
tions as a characteristic of revolutions, and which
we now know to be inseparable from a movement
so complicated as the Italian. To intervene up to a
certain point—that of driving a rival from a terri-
tory so long the darling object of French and Ger-
man ambition—and to proclaim the freedom of Italy
from the Alps to the Adriatic, and then to stop
short and warn the Italians in a lofty, but equivocal
tone, against carrying out the rest of the programme
is certainly not non-intervention, whatever other
title it may merit. Nor can the presence of a
French force at Rome for the avowed purpose of
propping up a Government which must otherwise
fall to pieces be easily reeonciled with this prin-
ciple. In short, non-intervention in the French
sense is quite a different policy from that which
Great Britain has steadily maintained towards
Italy. We abstained, however reluctantly, from all 1
attempts to disturb the status quo when Austria I
was in the ascendant, and we now abstain, much
more willingly, from interference with the rising
liberties of Italy. The French have claimed
throughout two incompatible things—the right to
intervene at discretion, and the benefit as well as
the credit of consistent non-intervention, Ever
since her Ambassador, acting without instructions,
undertook the protection of the Pope, France has
been placed in a false position in Italy, and the
suppression of the Roman Republic by the arms of
Republican France was the earliest step in that
grand political error which has led to the con-
querors of Magenta and Solferino being employed
as the garrison of Rome.
If, however, we consider the relations of France
with Italy without reference to the past, or
the motives which may have actuated the Em-
peror when Italy was still a " geographical
expression" and the highest idea of Italian
unity was " unification" under a Confederacy
of Princes subject to foreign influence, we ought
not to judge his conduct too harshly. As neutrals
from the first, we can hardly appreciate the diffi-
culty of deserting an ally whose misfortunes com-
mand the sympathy and excite the indignation of
half Christendom in this his extremity. As Con-
stitutionalists we cannot measure the value of that
secret and perhaps venal support which a despotic
Administration may receive from a despotic
hierarchy, and the danger of alienating the Galli-
can Church from the Empire. As English Pro-
testants, we cannot enter into the feelings with
which Catholics would regard the loss of that
-dominion which history and reason may prove to
be separable from spiritual supremacy, but which,
as they know but too well, has grown to be a vital
part of their system. It is in vain that Baron
Ricasoli assures the Emperor that in "restoring
to Italy her glorious capital" he is determined to
" leave unimpaired the grandeur of the Church and
the independence of the august Head of the Catho-
lic religion." The "independence" here promised
is not what the Emperor wants; it would leave the
Pope more open to Italian prejudices and less
subservient to the Eldest Son of the Church, and
meanwhile the glory of the Papacy would have de-
parted. When the patrimony of St. Peter shall
have been secularised, when the whole chain of
genuine and fictitious title deeds by which the
Patriarch of Rome became the greatest of earthly
potentates shall have been cancelled, when the
work of the Gregories and the Innocents shall have
been undone, and the Court of Rome shall have been
reduced to episcopal proportions, can any one doubt
that its prestige will be weakened, and that the
faith of many will wax cold ? When there is no
longer a French, an Austrian, and a Spanish party
at Rome, but the Pope -is surrounded by patriotic
Italians, when the intrigues of the Conclave
are exposed to the scrutiny of a national Parlia-
ment and a free press, when commerce and educa-
tion teach the lower classes to despise as well
as to hate priestly, tyranny, it is possible that the
thunders of the Vatican will lose none of their
effect on Italy and, through Italy, on Europe ?
Even if he has relinquished all selfish objects in
the occupation of Rome, the Emperor is too cau-
tious a man not to pause before he ventures on
such an experiment.
The present condition of the Papacy, and the free-
dom with which its destiny as a temporal Power
is discussed by the Cabinets of France and Italy, is
a striking sign of the times. It shows that the
most venerable of earthly dynasties must in these
days give a reason for its existence, and submit to
be judged by the standard of public utility. The
Pope has at least as good a title to the States of
the Church as the Sultan can show to his European
territories, and the government of priests can
hardly be worse than the government of Pashas.
Yet it seems probable that the Ottoman Empire
will survive the Papal sovereignty. The reason is
that the one is recognised as a political necessity,
while the other is found to be an obstacle to an
object which the most enlightened nations of
Europe have at heart. Nor can it fairly be said
that the last successors of St. Peter have sacrificed
the powers delegated to them by their own un-
worthiness or infatuation. The present Pope is,
perhaps, as enlightened as a monk can be. It is
not his personal inferiority to others who have worn
the tiara in perilous times, but the unchangeable
nature of the Papal despotism—the boasted in-
flexibility of the system—that will prove its ruin.
The arts that suffice to impose on earlier genera-
tions, the subtle statecraft that put to shame all
the finesse of secular diplomacy, the condescension
and liberality that were once a successful substi-
tute for freedom and justice, have lost their efficacy.
The scandals of the modern Court of Rome are as
nothing beside those to be found in the pages of
Gibbon ; the indignities from which Napoleon
has saved Pius IX. are trifling compared with
those offered by Napoleon I. to one of his pre _
or by Philip the Fair to Boniface •
the late misrule of the Papal States, by men
who have no children," has probably no been a
whit greater than it was Philipwhende
• Comines pronounced " the territory of
the Church
one hurch
one of the best habitations for the subject in
the world . . . for the Popes are always
"wise, and have good counsel about them." Yet the ,
temporal dominion of the Papacy is doomed, and 1
the prophecy of its downfall, once embraced by
Europe, is struggling with terrible rapidity and
regularity to fulfil itself. Superstition is more than
a match for force, but it is no match for intelligence
and liberty. The ideas which came into being in
the sixteenth century have proved too strong for
tradition ; ecclesiastical statesmanship hasesubereyn,
fairly worsted by modern civilisation, and jesuitry
as applied to the government of a people in tile.
nineteenth century, has at length been -weighed in
the:balance and found wuting,—Times.

The prisoner was brought from the station in
custody of Mr. Superintendent Coward, of the
Surrey Constabulary, and upon being placed. at the
bar glanced round the hall in a furtive manner, and
then assumed a serious demeanour, which he pre-
served throughout the examination.
Mr. Greece, solicitor, of Red-hill, was sworn as
an interpreter.
Inspector, -Whicher, of the Lon don detective force,
informed the bench that he attended with Sergeant
Robinson, at the request of the Commissionen3 of
Police, to assist in the inquiry, and he wished to
state that Sir Richard Mayne had caused photo-
graphic copies of the various entries in the book
found in the room where the murder was perpe-
trated to be taken, and fac stmiles of other docu-
ments prepared, for the purpose of forwarding them
to the authorities at Dresden and other places, with.
a view of facilitating inquiries which were being
madebpergovgee respectingbegged
ialso
lshaving
tona en thebt
ei
looonwn
gnaee
dr m
too
ofs t
tt
ihhmee p bpo
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to
the bench. The prisoner was traced to a lodging-
house in Wentworth-street, Whitechapel, where he
arrived the night after the murder, and on the fol-
lowing day he confided to the care of Mr. Gal-
looney, the proprietor, a checked shirt which an-
swered in every particular the description of that
worn by one of the foreigners seen at Reigate and
in the neighbourhood of Kingawood. The bundle
containing the shirt was bound round with a long
piece of new cord exactly,: Ikailsr- to. that -0014,111.--
one of the folergneril6Y Mri:Pitcher, of Reigate,
on the day the crime was committed, and also to
that which was found tied round the hands and
feet of the murdered woman. When apprehended,
the prisoner was searched and various papers were
found upon him. These included the following
letters :

" Sir,—Alone in the world and in a bad position, and
for two days without a piece of bread, andnearly the whole
of the week without a lodging—the blue heavens as a shel-
ter, I find myself in a position with which words I cannot
describe. lam a native of Dresden, and have been these
two months without work, and this is thereason of my hor-
rible position. I hope you will, therefore, have pity on a
fellow-countryman, who, like a lost sheep, travels about,
and shall starve if some kind-hearted friends do not take
pity on me.—With my respects,

_ .
" AUGUST SALTZMAN."
"My dear Sir,—l hope you will forgive the liberty I
take by addressing these few lines to you. lam a poor
workman from Shandau, in Saxony, and have been one
month in London, but in such a rposition, words are too
poor to describe. For some days I have been without food,
and the blue heavens for my lodgings. I beg of you for a
small donation, and may the Lord Almighty return it the
thousand fold to you.—l remain, most respectfully,
" AUGUST SALTZMAN."
Both these letters were written in the German
language, and neither of them contained an address.
Among the papers found in the room where the
murder was committed was a similar begging letter
addressed to Mademoiselle Tietjens, and it would
also be remembered one entry in the official book,
accidentally dropped by the murderers, stated that
the owner was a native of Shandau' in Saxony, the
same place to which reference was made in the second
letter made public. _ _

William kalliday (deceased's husband) was the
first witness examined.

Prisoner (upon being asked through the interpre-
ter whether he wished to ask the witness any ques-
tions) said,—l know lam charged with murder,
but I don't know of whom.

The Clerk.—You are charged with being con-
cerned in the murder of Mrs. Halliday. Do you
wish to ask any question of this witness ?
Prisoner.—l know nothing at all about it ; and.
therefore why should I have any questions to put
to this man?

Mr. William Bankford, the parish constable, and
a grocer of Chipstead, was next sworn.—He stated
that he was in the Cricketers Inn, opposite the
Reigate police station, on Monday the 10th ult.
The prisoner and another foreigner was there. They
appeared to be in company, and when they spoke
together they conversed in a foreign language.
One of them left. The prisoner remained, and
witness was with him for about an hour, and could
not be mistaken as to his being the person.
The Clark.—You are positive this is the man you
saw at the publichouse ?
Witness.—Quite positiv 3.
The Chairman.—Let the prisoner turn round.
Now, witness, are you still certain that the prisoner
is the man?

Witness.—" Yes, Sir ; quite certain." Witness
proceeded to say that he was called upon to go up
to London, and see if he could identify the pri-
soner in Newgate ; and although he (prisoner) was
placed among 12 or 14 other persons, he had no
difficulty in pointing him out immediately.
This evidence, like the preceding, was translated
to the prisoner, who was asked whether he wished
to put any questions to the witness.
Prisoner.—l don't know that I have any ques-
tions to put, for I don't know whether I was ever
in Reigate before in my life.
Mr. Superintendent Coward was the remaining
witness. He stated that he had apprehended the
prisoner upon a warrant signed by Mr. W. Street.
Although he had given the name of Augustus
Saltzman, he had every reason to believe his right
name was Johann Carl Franz, that he was the
owner of the book found in the room where the
murder took place, and that he was concerned in
the committal of the crime.
Mr. Coward then produced the book.
It was noticed that the prisoner at once became
exceedingly pale, and after looking at the book
hung down his head, and apparently remained
absorbed in thought for several minutes.
The usual questions having been put as to
whether he desired to cross-examine witness,
Prisoner (through the interpreter) said --I should
like to know from what reason he thinks I ought
to be the possessor of that book.
He was told that the description in the book
strongly favoured that impression, because he re-
sembled the person therein described.

Prisoner Alt has not any reference to me; and
among so many Germans about here I think it
very possible one German may be very like
another.
The Chairman,—Do you wish to ask any more
questions ?

Prisoner.--No, no more.
Mr. Superintendent Coward then applied for a
remand. He said he had every reason to believe
that by the next examination he should be in pos-
session of important information which would
establish the identity of the prisoner as the owner
of the book.

The Bench then consulted together, and
The Chairman said—This is a most important
case, and we think it highly desirable that the re-
mand asked for should be granted.
The prisoner was then remanded, and a number
of persons hastened to the doors of the hall to gaze
upon him as he was conveyed back to prison.

IRON-CASED SHlrs.--The following return has
just been made to Parliament respecting iron-cased ships
as to date of contract, time of completion, and penalties; date
of Thames Shipbuilding Company
of contract, Sept. 13, 1859; time fixed for launclain g,Agedr
ii
11, 1860; date when launched, Dec. 29, 1860; time
for completion, July 11, 1860 (to be completed
furniture) ;
and ready
for sea, except mastings, and portable .
in
probable time of completion, July,
0186],, cabin
Prince—.
penalty for non-
completion within contract time,a ,
Black
Builders, Messrs. Napier
and Sons;e, Oct. 10, 1860 ; date
hingdate of contract, Oct.
6 1859 ; time fixed for launching,
when launched, Feb. 27, 1861; time fixed for :completion,
Oct.lo,d before the
except as regards such works as cannot be
fish
engines are put on board, which are to
engines are being fixed ; probable time
finished
elO,
for non-completion
within contract time, £50,000. Resistance—Builders, Messrs.
Westwood,9
and Co.; date of contract, Dec. 14,
185
ebfeeedomnpeiet while
completion,
theAu gust, 1861 , penalty
fixedßa ii
1 ife o9r launching, Dec.
inl
14, 1860 ; date when
launched, April 11, 1861; time fixed for completion, Dec.
14, 1860, except as regards such Works as cannot be finished
before the engines are put on hoard, which are to be done
while the engines are being fixed
; probable time of com-
pletion, October, 1861; penalty for non-completion within
contract time, £40,000. Defence—Builders, Messrs. Palmer
Brothers; date of contract, Dec. 14, 1859; time fixed for
launching, March 14, 1861 ; date when launched., April 24,
1861 ; time fixed for completion, March 14, 1861., except as
are put on board
regards such 'works as cannot be finished before the engines
are bein
, which are to be done while Ole engines
g fixed ; probable time of completion, end of July,
1861; penalty for non-completion within contract time,
£40,000.

The workman who was injured by a fall from the
rope up which he was climbing a few days back at the
Crystal Palace has been discharged from the hospital.
The flowers in Covent-garden surpass those of every other
country, for the reason that every improvement in their cul-
ture is instantly adopted. From the same cause Herring's
magnetic brushes and combs surpass every other means for
restoring grey hair to its original colour, and curing the most
inveterate cases of neuralgia and nervous headache. They
do this with almost undeviating certainty. N.8.--Counter-
, reit& are being nude. Ofticesg 32, Bitlingball.otrea, Lendo.