The Sun.
London, England, 1861-03-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1861.

INDIAN FAMINE RELIEF FUND.
The Right Hon. the LORD MAYOR having convened a
Public Meeting at the Mansion House, Messrs. Grindlay and
Co. beg to announce that all Subscriptions remitted to them
will be made over to the London Committee.
East India Army Agency,
55, Parliament-street, S.

THEATIVS-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Leylee, Mr. J. B. Buckstote.
On EASTER MONDAY (April 1)., will be performed
A DUKE IN OIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Alias F.
Ilaydon, Mrs. Wilkinm, Mien Fanny Stirling, Mr. 13uckstone,
Mr. Compton, Mr. Rowe, Age,

After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry
Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN.

Commenoe at 7.'

EW, THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Novel Attraction for the Passion Week. —,TO-NIGHT
(Wednesday), and every evening. during the Week (Friday ex-
cepted). the celebrated Italian Illusionist, Chevalier ANTO-
NIO POLETTI, In his extraordinary and wonderful enter-
tainment of NATURAL and CHYMICAL MAGIC ; and
Pell's (the Original Bones) Ethiopian Minstrels. Doors opT?
at half-past Six, commence at Seven. Box-office open
morrow (Thursday), and Saturday, from 10 to 5. No charge
for booking.

ADELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
On EASTER MONDAY, a new drama, MAGLIORE,
PRESTIDIGITA2OR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole,
D. Fisher, ,itc.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss El. Simms, &c.
After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Miss Julia Daly.
Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.

---------
CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor ........C. Morton.
A Grand Selection irom Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,

(This opera has never been produced in this or any other
country, except at these Conperts), having met with that de-
cided euocess which charactisv the most popular werks of
this great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
MENTO, by Donizetti,
principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Dlr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
w. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmens.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, T. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment.

TH E OXFORD
No. 6, OXFORD-STREET,

Near Tottenham-court-road.

Mr. C. DIOR VON and F. STANLEY respectfully announce
that this building, which for architectural beauty and chaste-
ness of decoration, is unrivalled, WILL OPEN THIS EVEN-
ING (WEDNESDAY), March 27.
Varied Entertainments of the highest order willm be pre-
sented, and Musical Novelties of magnitude and portance
produced in rapid succession, under the directorship of Mr.
P. JONGUMANS, and supported by the elite of the profession.
Admission—Hall, 6d. Balcony and Stalls, ls.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 14m.—Afternoon, 2h. 20m.
To-mosuow.-Morning, 2h. 53m.—Afternoon, 3h. 16m.

THE WEATHER.--SUN OFFICE, MARCH 27, 1861.
THERMOWETER, IN THE SHADE.
57—highest since loon yesterday.
44—lowest this morning and during the night.
55—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.50.
WlND—Southerly—light ; with fine sunshiny weather.

THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 1861

If fortune favours the bold, Count CAVOUR has
made sure of her smiles, The temporal rule
for which the heroes of Spoleto so gallantly
surrendered, will soon have to surrender
as gallantly to the irresistible demands of popu-
lar right. It is time it should do so. Reli-
gion ought no longer to be disgraced by
the head of a large sect, perhaps the largest of the
Christian sects, defying the primary rights of man,
and that too in glaring defiance of the precepts of
the Great Author of our faith. If ever any people
had a just claim to demand self-government under
a monarch of their own choice and in union with
the rest of their nation, it is the unfortunate people
of Reme: For ages they have detested the tem-
poral rule of their Popes ; indeed can mortal con-
ceive anything in its very elements more revolting
to common sense than subjecting a whole
people to the despotism of unmarried priests,
destitute of all the first sympathies of our social
nature except so far as they broke their own
vows, and plundered the people to maintain a host
of " nieces and nephews."
But the time of the end is at hand. The POPE
has long been exhibiting himself, and exhibited, as
the most helpless and dependent of temporal rulers.
He and his leave been raving about independence,
and temporal power as its basis, while all the world
has been laughing at his puppetship. Surrounded
by a French guard of honour—certain of immediate
deposition from his temporal Princedom as soon as
that guard was withdrawn, he has not had the
shadow even of temporal independence. He has
been spiritually it is true independent enough, he
could decree the immaculate conception of the
Virgin, for which we hope the Virgin is grateful,
or anything else he pleases—but so he could if the
Piedmontese were his guard instead of the French,
and if he had but the ecclesiastical side of the Tiber
for his home, as Prince NAPOLEON proposes, or even ,
if he preferred it, to cut and run to Jerusalem or to
Spain.

This last of Count CANTER'S will turn some faces
in the Vatican pale, and flush others with rage.
Hope and fear have been alternating there of late
with the proceedings of the Chambers of that coun-
try on which the POPE is now so entirely dependent.
Prince NAPOLEON'S speech filled the Papal Court
with dismay, but the vigorous debate, and the com-
bination of all the scepticism of France to vote with
the few deputies who ever attend mass or confession,
in a large minority in favour ofthe"temporal power,"
again gave hope. But now again that hope is
rudely dashed. Count CAVOUR speaks not only
the language of confidence in his object, but of
confidence in the Emperor of the FRENCH too.
So at least we interpret the telegraphic
combination of sentences which make him
assert that Sardinia--Italy rather—must go
to Rome " with the consent of France, and
which yet speaks of the entry of the Italian army
or Government into Rome as certain, It can
hardly be that the Count is not the interpreter of
Napoleonic ideas, The eldest son of the Church
has faithfully warned his superannuated father ; he
has performed the part of SHEM and JAPHET as long
as he could ; but the weak old man is still intoxi-
cated with the idea of a temporal power, which
means slavery to the Romans ; he will not awaken
from the fumes of this pleasant wine, and no
alternative is left but to take it from him, or him
from it.

The Count
in the face of Europe, which
thoroughly
words—m believes him, enunciates the fatal
We hat,* a right to Rome as the capital of
Italy." That settles the question. In the present
temper of Europe, the right of a nation of twenty
millions is what Can
never be long withheld.
Little Austrian
nationalitiescanntb that a large and
are fast regaining
their rielts ; and it
highly civilized People
e
just risen again to
nationality should fail to
gain possession
of their are cient capital.
Turin even with
its many cla. ims, if only from its being
the
centre of the ; liberating movement, as well as
capital, de facto,-
—is ready to sacrifice its positiox
to Rome. To rt co other capital could she
do so.
Naples, said to lbe the pet capital, for the present,
of our intermeddling Lord JOHN, id out of the quo,.
tion, so is Eore)see, indeed any other Italian city
but there is not one of them which Would foil

humiliated, which would not rather feel honoured,
in forming part of a kingdom of which Rome was
the capital. This itself proves the truth of the
Count's words—" We—ltaly, have a right to our
capital—that right, be it remembered, being backed
by the most hearty recognition of it on the part of
the Romans themselves. The assertion of the right
under such circumstances is the gaining of it.
The Count is confident that he shall in the end
convince all " sincere Catholics" that the Church
will be a gainer by the POPE'S loss of his temporal
power, and affirms that the union of the spiritual
and the temporal power has always and everywhere
been a source of evil. We do not know whether
by ",everywhere" he had an eye to the Royal Head
of our Church and our Bishops in the House of
Lords ; if he had, we can assure him that he
shares the views of a great many sincere Church-
men here. We have got rid of an eccle-
siastical Parliament. Our Convocation is but a
ghost ; but our QUEEN makes bishops, and bishops
arc Legislators, and few will deny that they have
been the worst class of Legislators—always in the
way of progress, and of liberty, civil or religious,
especially the latter. They are there, and it is
hard to get rid of them ; yet, we verily believe
that men of all parties in England, if they
uttered their real sentiments, would adopt that
of Count CAVOUR, and only wish that the tem-
poral power of our bishops was as near its end
as that of the Bishop of Rome seems to be.
The Count with perfect sincerity, we may be sure,
promises the Church ample liberty when the
Italians take possession of Rome as their capital,
and promises to guarantee it by special statute.
We should think it probable that, as Bishop of
Rome, the Pontiff will enjoy an ecclesiastical free-
dom he has not known for many years, when he
no longer has to square his doings to the necessities
imposed on him by temporal rule, even though that
rule be a despotism. The freedom, however, seems
likely now to be forced upon him; and obstinacy,
as the Count tells him, will but throw on the Papacy
the responsibility of any consequent schism. We
can only hope that France will quickly consent, and
that the French garrison will quickly withdraw ;
the Romans will then make very short work with
the temporal power of their old oppressor, and the
pious old POPE will be left to his prayers and his
Episcopal work in his own palace.

As we fully expected, and dreaded, and predicted
all along would be the case in regard to the country
of the Lebanon—has been the case : the French
military occupation of Syria as been prolonged.
The period originally decided upon by the agree-
ment of the European Powers we have now seen
extended from early spring to midsummer. A
supplementary quarter has been tacked on to the
end of the half year first fixed upon as the maximum
interval for the continuance:of the soldiers of NAPO-
LEON in that ill-fated Asiatic province of Turkey,
which has been desolated now for years and years
past by the contentions of the two implacably
and fanatically antagonistic races of the Druses
and the Maronites. When the six months selected
for the presence of the French troops upon
those bloodstained shores of the Mediterranean
was but just upon the eve of expiring, it was found
that scarcely anything whatever had been doing
all the while in the way of bringing the two
great inimical tribes to a condition bearing any
even the smallest resemblance to reconciliation.
On the contrary the sympathies of Catholic
France as represented there in the soldiers of the
Empire having been exclusively on the side of
the Maronites, who no less than the French
themselves are entirely a Roman Catholic popu-
lation—the stipulated half year appears to have
witnessed little more all this while than the rigor-
ous dealing out among the murderous Druses, the
instigators, ringleaders, and actual perpetrators
of the late appalling massacres, the rigorous and
pitiless dealing out amongst them of the most
dreadful retribution. So that actually, when the
original period set apart by the Powers of Europe
for the work of reconciliation, and, through recon-
ciliation, of secure and permanent pacification—the
mere initial attempt at that reconciliation—the
mere inaugural hint at that eventual and permanent
pacification—has absolutely yet to be com-
menced! Hence the excuse for this lengthen-
ing out by another quarter of the wholly inadequate
because wasted, period of the French organisation.
Hence the plea advanced for the postponement
yet a little while longer, from March until June,
of the embarkation of the soldiers of NAPOLEON on
their return homeward across the Mediterranean.
It is literally, as though there had been some won-
derful political significance in the solution of that
pretty air composed by the reigning EMPEROR'S
mother, the beautiful and accomplished Queen
HORTENSE—in the selection of that charming
melody, composed by her in her youth, for the
national air of France at the epoch of the Imperial
Restoration. It is as if all the while, from 1852
until 1860, almost from 1848 until 1860,
the policy of the present ruler of France
had been blown through the trumpets, and clashed
on the cymbals, and hammered on the drums of his
army—Partant pour la Syrie ! At the first visible
excuse for the realisation of that policy, Europe
was persuaded by the new French Empire to con-
nive at the occupation of Syria by French troops.
Immediately the frightful news of the massacre of
the Maronites startled Christendom with its tale of
horrors, the mot d'ordre went forth from the
French Foreign-office—Syria was to be occu-
pied by French soldiers, say (to begin with), for
six months—for no more than six months. At the
expiration of these six months the troops of France
were to be re-embarked and faithfully carried back,
leaving behind them as the happy souvenir of their
temporary apposition in Syria the whole of the
lately desolated provinces restored to order, and the
Druses and the Maronites beneficently reconciled
with each other, How many, we wonder, believed
here in England in those amiable assurances of the
French Government ? Certainly we did not our-
selves. Under any circumstances it would have
appeared improbable that the Councils of the Em-
peror NAPOLEON 111. would in this matter remain
true to their agreement with the other powers of
Christendom. Within the recent recollection of
those disgraceful political untruths, those diplomatic
chicanries which had resulted in the shameful
annexation to France of Savoy and Nice, with all the
live stock on those provinces in the shape of Nizzards
and Savoyards —it appeared to every rational
observer about the most unlikely thing in the world
that France under the regime of NAPOLEON 111.
would remain true to her promises, would faith-
fully at the end of the stipulated six months, re-
embark the soldiers sent out for that interval for
the occupation and pacification of Syria, and con-
duct them honestly back again to France, leaving the
Syrians to themselves. No—the French have all
those last ten or twolve years past (as the
national air has been incessantly dinning into our
ears) " Going to Syria." And having gone there
fully armed and equipped, it was hardly probable
they would be in such haste to return homewards.
At any rate, there they unquestionably are to this
moment—the six months having expired—the
period of their occupation there having been pro-
longed.
It was one among the many memorable sayings

of the immortal founder of the Imperial dynasty of
Fmace, it was one among the most memorable of
his many remarkable sayings, that there, in the
East, he himself had missed his destiny ! He who,
after being repulsed from St, Jean d'Acre by the
British sailors under that gallant but crackbrained
hero, Sir SYDNEY SMITH—he who (after that
repulse from the walls of Acre, although leaving
behind him Egypt conquered to the arms of France,
Cairo and Alexandria and the valley of the Nile in
the possession of his victorious soldiers)—returned
to Europe to found the most extraordinary Empire
in the history of the civilised globe ! Yet such,
from the first, was the drift (so to speak) Eastwards
of the Napoleonian policy, that even he, the origi-
nator of that policy, the creator of that empire, the
founder of that dynasty, lamented, in those famous
words of his, that there, in the East, by that baulk
before Acre, he had missed his destiny ! The
significance of that (as it may be termed) first and
foremost among the Napoleonian Ideas, we may
rest perfectly assured has not been the least
appreciated among them all by the man who
has reduced those Napoleonian ideas to a sort of po-
litical philosophy. Having begun the movement
of his troops Eastwards, he will not, if he can pos-
sibly help it, retrace their steps in a very great
hurry. Remember how numerically insignificant
and how purely temporary the French occupation
of Rome was pronounced to be when it was origi-
nally commenced. And then recollect how firmly
the foot of the Gaul has been planted there
ever since, and how imposing a force has been
long gathered together there upon the summit of
the Seven Hills under the shadow of the French
Tricolour. When Syria has been actually
evacuated by the troops of NAPOLEON, then but
not before we shall believe in the close there of
the French military occupation.

We should not be surprised if Lord JOHN RUS-
SELL obtains, at last, the " breeze he has whistled
for." In England the working men are beginning
to move with energy and organisation. Leeds and
Norwich have recently held meetings and formed
associations for parliamentary reform, upon the
widest basis, while at the same time they have sup-
ported cordially all the instalments of reform
offered them by such bills as those of Mr. LOCKE
KING and Mr. BAINES. This is the true business-
like course ; and the men who can thus stand firmly
to their principles, and yet heartily support those
who only make an approach to them, are the men
who will most certainly succeed at last.

The meeting at the Standard Theatre, Bishops-
gate-street, at which four thousand persons, chiefly
of the unenfranchised classes, were reported to be
present, is probably but the beginning of a vigorous
movement in the metropolis, which will ultimately
combine the greater part, and the better part, of the
working classes. It will be seen that in the same re-
solution.they condemn the contemptuous refusal of
Reform by Government—speak of the efforts of in-
dependent members, such as Mr. LOCKE KING and
Mr. BAINES, as worthy of approval and support, but
also " most cordially recommend the formation of
societies like the London Political Union, aiming
at nothing less than the complete enfranchise-
ment of the people, by means of universal regis-
tered suffrage, the ballot, short parliaments, and
equitable distribution of members, and the ex-
emption of candidates from personal expenses."
The speakers thought it unworthy of the Go-
vernment to require something almost border-
ing an revolution to force a Reform Bill through
Parliament. " What did Lord JOHN RUSSELL
want ? Did he wish to see the seditious, incen-

diary, and almost insurrectionary proceedings o:

1831 revive again ? Was it the conduct of true
statesmen thus to appeal to the passions of the
people ? Well, perhaps, the people had been slum-
bering too long. But when they awoke, would
they entrust the care and conduct of their interests
to such men as Lord PALMERSTON and Lord JOIIN
RUSSELL ? He believed there was no greater enemy
of parliamentary reform in the kingdom than Lord
PALMERSTON." In the last remark we need not say
we entirely concur; nor do we think it likely that we
ever shall have a Reform Act while Lord PALMER-
STON is at the head of affairs. Lord TEYNIIAM,
who was present and spoke, is evidently quite quali-
fied to let a little light into the minds of his fellow
Peers if they were but capable of receiving it. In
his view " they were all equal, for they were all
taxed." Alluding to the old motto over the pic-
ture of a slave, he asked—" Were not the unen-
franchised of this country men and brothers ?
Were they to be kept in political bondage, and for
how long ? Let them not expect a Reform Bill
from the House of Lords or from the present House
of Commons. He believed the present Govern-
ment took the most dignified course they could—
and that was not saying much—in leaving
Reform alone. But let the people out of doors be
of one mind, and Reform could not be resisted."
He fully accepted the resolution, it " asserted the
right of the people to universal registered suffrage,
vote by ballot, and short Parliaments. The people
were entitled to that. He respected Mr. LOCKE
KING and Mr. BAINES for pursuing their own
ideas of reform, but whilst he would support their
bills he could not approve of them, for he never
could understand how the possession of a shilling
more or less could make a man worthy or unworthy
of the franchise !" This is, at any rate, as our
American friends say, "going the whole hog," and
that, too, for a peer of the realm—of course, he
could not forget the cause which he had advocated
in the House of Lords, and for which the Duke of
NEWCASTLE did him the honour of pouring on
him all the contempt of his order :—" With re-
gard to the Ballot," he said, " it was necessary that
the ♦oter should be protected from the intimidation
of the landlord or the customer. A man was not
the less brave because he used a shield. Their aim
must be manhood suffrage and vote by Ballot."
He strenuously recommended the formation of a
great National Reform Union, and the sending of
delegates to London while Parliament was sitting.
Our readers will also find a report of a meeting
at Huddersfield, at which Mr. LEATIIAM, the
member, was the chief speaker, and made in his
speech many admirable hits. The resolutions there
was to the same purport, advocating complete re-
form, but cordially supporting the proposals of
the two members already mentioned. If Reformers
but act in this way, not concealing their views, but
cheerfully uniting to carry something practicable
though much short of them, they can hardly fail
both to gain the respect due to their prudence,
and the irresistible power of combined action.
Mr. LEATIIAM has no reform love for Lord
PALMERSTON. He avows that it would not spoil
his breakfast to find among the deaths in the morn-
ing papers, some day after Easter, that of the PAL-
3IERSTON Ministry. He characterised justly their
disgraceful subserviency to Austria, and their sup-
port of that most worthless of Governments, in the
teeth of the universal feeling of England. It would
really seem as if the people intended to take up
what the Government and the House of Commons
have thrown overboard.

The 3 p.m. express train from the Waterloo
station, on Monday, was stopped at Wimbledon specially to
convey Mr. Turner, one of the gentlemen who was seriously
injured at the late frightful accident on the South-Western
line, to his home at Portsmouth. The unfortunate gentle-
man has been confined at the Wimbledon hotel ever since
the accident, where his family have been staying with him.
'Le was obliged to be carried from the station to the carriage,

- T,
L rt EST

TURIN, MARCH 26 (EVENING).
The discussion of the affairs of Rome was con-
tinued to-day in the Chamber of Deputies.
The Marquis Pepoli protested against the unjust
accusations brought for,vard against Piedmont by
some members of certain foreign legislative assem-
blies. He eulogised Napoleon 111., who, by sepa-
rating the spiritual from the temporal power, will,
he said, render a greater service to the Church than
Charlemagne by his fatal gift of temporal sove-
reignty to the Papacy.
Signor Buoncompagni in his speech stated that
the Italian movement had nothing in it offensive to
religious feelings.
He proposed that the Chamber should vote the
following resolution :
" The Chamber having heard the declaration of
the Ministry, and being confident that after having
insured the dignity and independence of the Pope,
and the complete freedom of the Church, the prin_
ciple of non-intervention will, in concert with
France, be applied to Rome, and that Rome will be
made the capital of Italy, passes to the order of the
day."

Several speakers of the Left proposed the simple
proclamation of Rome as the capital of Italy, and
the calling upon Napoleon 111. to withdraw his
troops.

Signor Ferrari said, " Our only political system
is alliance with France."

VIENNA, MARcn 27

An Imperial decree grants .to the congregations
of Lombardo-Venetia the right of electing 20 dele-
gates to the Council of the Empire.
The Vienna papers assert that the resolutions of
the Hungarian Judicial Conference in reference to
the re-establishment of the Hungarian laws of
1848, and the demand for an independent Ministry
for Hungary, have been rejected by the Govern-
ment.

AGRAM, MARCH 27.
The troops under the command of Ismael Pasha
are concentrated at Trebigne.
Since the last fight hostilities have been sus-
pended. The insurgents, however, are preparing a
fresh attack in concert:with the Montenegrins.
All the places south of Trebigne have done
homage to the Prince of Montenegro.

AGRAII, MARCH 26.

The news received here by telegraph frem Vienna
that the militay frontier district is not to be repre-
sented in the Croatian Diet has caused great dis-
couragement among the national non-Hungarian
party.

TEMESVAR, MARCH 26.

The municipality of this city resolved to-day upon
protesting against the order of the Director of
Finance for the collection of the taxes by execution
cases where payment is refused.

The Obergespann has published a proclamation,
warning the people against instigators of disturb-

ances.

BRESLAU, MARCH 26.

According to a telegram received here from War-
saw, Major-General Gecewicz, who is personally
much liked in Poland, has been appointed to replace
M. Muhkanoff.

THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
MARSEILLES, MARCH 27.
The Euxine, with the above mails, arrived a

Marseilles at 9 a.m. this day.

The mails were to leave for London at 10 a.m.

POLAND.

The Independence Beige of yesterday publishes
the following in a postscript :—‘l When on the point
of going to press we received a despatch direct
from Warsaw, stating that disturbances had taken
place at that city on the evening of Monday. The
people are reported to have smashed the windows
of General Abramowitcb, director of the Imperial
theatres of Warsaw, and one of the officials who
shared the unpopularity of M. Mukhanoff, the
Minister recently dismissed." The despatch adds,
that the military did not interfere.

THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE LON-
DON AND SOUTH- WESTERN RAILWAY.

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