The Sun.
London, England, 1857-01-27 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESD Y y.

PUBLICATIONS.

MR. ARBUTHNOT ON TYE ISSUE OF BANK NOTES.
Just published, in Bvo. price 2s. 6d. sewed,
IR ROBERT PEEL'S ACT of 1844,' rep-
lating the ISSUE of BANK NOTeIS, vindicated. By .G
ARBUTHNOT.
London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmang, and Ritherta.

PROF. CONTANSEAU'S NEW FRENCH DICTIONARY.
In One Volume, post Bvo., pace ios. 6d. bound, -
A PRACTICAL . DICTIONARY of the
EA_ FRENCH and KNGLISII . LANGUAGE compiled from
the most recent and best Authorities, English and French, and con-
taining the following Improvements :-
1. New Words in- general use in 4. AcceptatiOns of the Words se-
each Language nos to be parated by figures, with di-
found in other Dictionaries. rections as to the choice to be
2. Compound Words not trans- made of the proper Word
la•.ed literally. 5. Examples of the most familiar
3. Pr:•positioeis annexed to the moms and phrases, &e.
French Verbs and Adjectives,
showing what Case they go-
vern

B r Laos CoNTANsnAtT, Professor of the French Languitze at the
eon. East India Company's Military College, Addisci•mbe : Author
of al French Grammar," " rrO3atetirS et Peetes Francais," and
" Guide to Ercini:h Trinslatlon."
Lsnden : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts.

THE BOARD OF INLAND REVENUE AND
THE SHIPOWNERS.

Some time ago we mentioned that the Income-tax
Commissioners at Shields had refused to allow insur-
ance upon shipping on the mutual principle as de-
duction from income, while they permitted insurance
by policy to be taken from the ship's earnings untaxei.
A lengthened correspondence has taken place between
the North Shields Shipowners' Society and the Board
of Inland Revenue on the subject, and on Saturday
Messrs. Lietch and Kewney, the solicitors to the
society, received the following letter, which settled the
point :

" Inland T3tvenue, Somerset-house, Jan. 22.
" Gentlemen—l have laid before the B,,ard of Inland
Revenue your letter of the 27th ult., referring to the
cerre=pondence which has passed between this office
and Mr. Pow, chairman of the Shipowners' Society,
at North Shields, in regard to the deduction claimed
by the shipowners in estimating their profit for assess-
ment
to the income tax of the 81.11313 paid by them
under the circumstances explained in your letter as
against the perils of the sea. In reply I have to state
that, upon a reconsideration of the subject, the Board
are of opinion that, although the insurance in question
and the payments consequent were not made in the
ordinary way, yet inasmuch as such payments were
in discharge of a legal obligation, whereby the parties
are protected from loss of their own ships, a deduction
should be allowed of the average amount paid in the
three years over which the profits are averaged. The
Board have accordingly made a communication to this
effect to the commissioners of the district, and also to
the surveyor.—l am, gentlemen, your obedient servant,
THOMAS KEOGH."

DUTY oN CURRANTS.—It will surprise many to learn
that in tbe year ended March, 353,0661. was realised by
duty on currants and raisins.
The specie by the Niagara from New York is 51,0001.,
probably all on French accoinA.
ANOTHER PUBLIC! PARS FOB GLASGOW.—The Gus& et
Town Council, by a majority of 30 to 15, have agreed
to purchase the lands of Pat!ahead, and other property
on the south side of the city, for the sum of 30,0001., for
the purpose of constructing a third public park.—Edin-
4urgh Courant.
OMNIBUSES V. RAILWAYS. —The Manchester City
Omnibus Company started aline of eight omnibuses be-
tween tba:, city and Stockport yesterday, to run daily,
inakineognapetition with the London and North-Western
1"-'1way. The speculation been under consideration
nefore, hut the immediate cause of the present under
is au attotnpt made this year by the railway com-
pany to compel the holders of contract tickets to get
into and leave the carriages only at the termini specified
in the contracts. Hitherto a contractor paying the
whole distance between the two towns held himselt at
liberty to get up or down at any intermediate stopping
station. The omnibuses are handsome, spcious, and
comfortable, the inside being equal to most first-class
railway accommodation, while the fare is only two-thirds,
t h eomnibus fare inside being 6d. for six miles, whilst
the
charge by railway, fiat class, is 9.1. The second-class
railwayfreias6di.s;
4d.a T
and third-reaiila-:ay,4d. ; whilst the omnibus
transit is much more
rapid, but as the stations in both towns are some dis
tauce from the centres of business, the omnibuses have
an advantage by running to those points, which gives
them neatly an equality in point of time. The omni-
buses are drown by three horses abreast, but it is probable
that if the loads are heavy four horses will be used, es in
the old cAches.

A VISIT TO TITS TYkL

(From, a Corre3pondenlof the Dxi ly itieios

On Sunday lastt being at Wareham, in Dorsetshire, I
drove through the island of Purbeck, to see the stranded
Tyne: 'After passing several miles along the Swanage road"
I turned off towards Encombe, the seat of Lord Eldon.
The hills are of great height here, and grouped curiously
together. Two of the ravines formed between them lire of
right angles to each other. The road to Eneombe is
through these ravines; awl runs in a zigzag direction. As
we approach the mansion towanis the sea the ravine widens
and forms a narrow vale, whiehis about 'lOO feet above the
sea. The road terminates at an abrupt precipice of the
height just mentioned, and iron rails are placed to prevent
persons from falling over the precipice. At the distance
of half a mile from the termination of the road, in the
centre of Kimmeridge Bay, lies the finest steamer of the
West Indian Company, aground and waterlogged.
I arrived about one o'clock in the afternoon. The wind
was blowing strong off the land, and it was low water. It
almost appeared as if she had teen only brought into the
bay at high water, and as if the tide had left her there,
and she would float again as son as the tide rose, and be
ready to proceed to sea. , There was no rock close to her,
and the ledge on which she struck was invisible. Her
head was pointed out to sea, her stern was rather low in
the water compared with her bow, and she rather lurched
oa one side. Jtist as I arrived at Kimmeridge Bay a swan
tug steamer was.seon leaving the Tyne to proceed to South-
ampton ; "several boats also left the Tyne for the shore
filled with people, and the gigantic steamer was abandoned.
The Tyne struck on a jagged lodge, which tore a hole in
her stern big enough for four men to crawl in. There is
about 3 feet of water under her stari4Nreivaddle-wheel,
and 5 feet under her bow. About 100 feet of her keel for-
ward does not touch the ground. She evidently struck in
the centre, for she was going in direct towards the cliffs
when she struck, and after all attempts to wear her round
had failed got into the position she is in now in au extra-
ordinary manner ; for without any apparent cause she
turned round rapidly, as if she had been on a pirot. If
she is ever floated again, she will have to be dragged astern
towards the land, to get her off the ledge on which she
rests, and then she must be piloted through an intricate
shannel.

Some scores of men commenced working a, !arge number of

pumps on board of her at 2 o'clock on Sunday morning; and
when it was found that at ebb tide the water flowed into her
as fast as it was pumped out, her being got off wes despaiied
of. Early in the morning the pumping ceased,' and it was
resolved to abandon her for the present. A couple of young
officers, with one or two men, were left on board, and they
together with some fishermen have the solo charge of her.
If she is ever got off it will be probably by lifting her
bodily, waterlogged as she is, by means of balks of timber
or some other buoyant material fastened by a chain round
her keel, and in that state the ship and the materials that
float her must be towed up to Southampton. It is not

likely,. however, that any plan will be attempted until the
summer. The Tyne being of iron, very strongly built,
waterlogged and fastened down by immense anchors and
chains, would hang' ogether for years where she is now.
The coast where the mail steamer lies is all along formed
of cliffs from 500 to 700 feet high. Sometimes the faces of
these cliffs are perpendicular, and of a black colour, which
is the case with those near the Tyne. Sometimes they
slope away, and they are green with verdure. The cliffs
are constantly crumbling away, and small particles pr
gigantic, boulders are continually rolling down on the
beach. Springs of water at short intervals also run down
the faces of • the cliffs, and mixing with the softer and
smaller particles form bogs of black mud close under the
cliffs. The beach generally is formed of gravel, gigantic
pebbles, or small rocks. Chapman's Cove, not far from
where the steamer is aground, is strewed with these rocks,
and it is fortunate that the Tyne did notconad in there, or
the ship would have probably been knocked to pieces, and
every soul on board of her lost.

Between St. Aldan's Head and Weymouth the distance
is about 14 miles. The cliffs between these two places pro-
ject out at intervals and form bays._ St. Alitan's Head and
the first projection to the west of it towards Weymouth
fromainameridge Bay ; and in the centre of this bay, as I
have already observed, the Tyne is lying. The Isle of
Portland, which lies directly off Weymouth, is distinctly
visible from the bay, and appears to be a very short distance
from it. The Isle of Portland stretches a good distance into
the Channel, while Kin3meridge lies in shore, to the north-
eat of it. The Tyne was about eight miles outside Port-
land when the Portland lights were made out at 1 a.m. on
the 12th inst. ; and at 3.30 a.m. the steamer was entering
:Kimmeriage Bay with her, baw pointing for tha cliff.. Now
the most mysterious thing is how she could get there, unless
she was steered direct for the land after the Portland lights
were seen. Just before the ship struck the officer at the
wheel, to his horror, faintly made out the fearful black cliffs
overhanging the bay ; and his cry of " hard a port" as-
tonished the captain, who thought at first that a vessel was
crossing before the ship's course.

It was so foggy on the morning of tho 12th at Ki mmeridge
and St. Aldan's Head that none of the coast-guardsmen who
were on duty there saw the Tyno enter the bay; and the
howling of the wind and the raging of the sea drowned every
noise on board her that might have been heard on shore in
still weather. The first intimation the coast guardsmen had
of the Tyno being in the bay was given by the rocket sig-
nals of distress that were fired from her. The light of these
fearful messengers at the moment of their discharge sho wed
the coast-guardsmen that a large ship was close at hand,
and in dangerous quarters. They immediately fired off
pistols, threw up rockets, and ran to the houses of their
messmates who were off duty, and at 7 a.m. the seamen
had pulled through the raging surf, boarded the steamer,
and satisfied all on board that with patience and care their
lives would all be saved. For, twelve hours these men
were hard at work saving the lives and property on board
the ship, and never left off until all the passengers and
crew had been landed. The boats were often swamped ;
one of their number lost his life, and they repeatedly had
to assist the ship's boats to prevent their destruction.
The lot of these poor men is a peculiarly hard one. Many
of them live on the top of St. Allan's Head, in a remote and
almost inaccessible place. They have 50'. a year to live
upon. Most of them have night duties, during which they
are out from sunset to sunrise,
climbing up and down the
most dangerous cliffs in the dark, and often having dread-
ful weather. A clergyman occasionally visits them from
Worth, a small isolated village two miles off. These men
have to pay 40s. a ton for coals, in one of the bleakest
places in England ; and they actually hay to send, at
their own expense, for their monthly pay to Poole, which
is 14 miles off. Their dwellings are alms st at the edge of
the perpendicular cliff called St. Aldan's Head, which is
640 feet above the sea. There is no fence around the cliff,
and once, about 16 years ago, a little child fell over, and
was dashed to pieces.

There are no pumps provided for the use of these poor
mon and their families, and they are obliged to drink rain
water. They cannot afford the slightest comfort or stimu-
lant to support them in their trying and laborious duties.
They have to send a distance of seven miles for a doctor in
case of sickness.

The most valuable portion of the mails, and the boxes of
diamonds and gold, were landed in the greatest confusion
at Chapman's Cove, and had to be carried over steep cliffs
a distance of two miles, to Encombe, by the coast-guards-
men, but pot a single box or bag was lost.
About 180 tons of machinery has been got out of the
Tyne, but there aro a hundred tons of coals on board of
her, which cannot be got at, From St. Aldan's Head the
ship appears as though she were at anchor in the bay, and
could proceed to sea if the steam were up. Her keel, it
has been discovered, is twisted ; and some are of opinion
that, although only the large hole in the stern has been
discovered by the divers, yet the jagged teeth of the rocks
have ented her bottom, and that, if she were dragged
away from the rocks, she would sink directly. Officers
and men have been living and sleeping on board her
ever since she struck, and during some days and
nights they could have no communication with
the shore, in consequence of bad weather. It is the
opinion of the coast guardsmen that no one ought to re-
main on board of her at night.
It was precisely :3.40 a.m. when the ship struck. Num-
bers of persons on board were thrown out of their bed. The
passengers, ladies and gentlemen, ran on deck in their
night clothes, and for the moment there was great con-
fusion, but the captain commanded order, and every officer
and man was at the duty assigned him in such an emer-
gency. Directly she struck her boilers were lifted, water
rushed into the ship, and the engines were useless.
The Tyne was such a splendid sea-boat that she scarcely
ever shipped a sea, and she was able to carry the largest
cargo of any of the Royal Mail Packet Company's steamers.
It is expected that the Board of Trade inquiry into her loss
will commence immediately at Southampton. This inquiry
is looked forward to with the greatest interest.

THE LATE RUSSIAN PRISONERS. —Mr. H. Rautenfield,
late secretary to brr
.Majesty's war prison, writes to the
Sussex Express :—" Sir,--A few days ago I bad the plea-
sure of receiving a letter from rilr. Okerman, dated Abo,
Finland, in which he wishes me to make known his best
thanks and greetings, added to those of his comrades
in captivity, to all their friends in Lewes and its vicinity,
in whose families they so continually met with the kind-
liest hospitality. Mr. Okerman tells me that he bas seen
nearly all his compatriots. who had been with him in
Lewes, and that each inesp,aks with the most grateful
recollection of their s,ijo.una in England. As for himself,
I may quote the following passage from his letter :
When in the dusk of the evening I am sitting near thy
fireside, surrounded by my family, to whom, thanks to
Providence, lam restored, I often relate to them my
life among my English friends, and the exertions they
made to alleviate the irksomeness of my captivity and
separation from them. I trust they wiil remember me
as an honest man ; on my part, I feel happy in speaking
of them."