The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, ju-gE 21, 1859.

GREAT WESTERN -,RAIL WAY.
A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN will leave Pad-
dington at 10 15 a.m., on the 27th June for Oxford
(Fares, lls and 5s 6d), Banbury (Hs and 6s 0), Leamington and
Warwick (18s and 8s), Birmingham (20s and ?s 6d),'Westbrom-
wich, Wednesbury, and Bilston (21s 6d and 10s), Wolver-
hampton (22s 6d and 108 6d), Wellington and Shrewsbury
(27s 6d and 13s), Llangollen Road and Chester (33s and 15s),
and Birkenhead and Liverpool (37s and 17s), returning on the
2d July, from Liverpool at 10 30 a.m., and intermediate sta-
tions as per handbills.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
TOURISTS' SEA-SIDE and FAMILY TICKETS,
available for a month, or longer by extra payment, are now
issued at Paddington
To WEYMOUTH, 355. First-class, and 255. Second-class
to parties taking not less than Four First or Six Second-class
tickets.

To DAWLISFI, TEIGNMOUTH, TORQUAY, BIDE-
FORD, or BARNSTAPLE (for ILFRACOMBE), 50s. First-
class, and 355, Second-class to Tartiestaking not less than
Three tickets.

To the ISLE of MAN, via Chester and Liverpool, 70s. First.
class and 50s. Second-class,
To BANGOR, BEAUMARIS„ and LLANDUDNO, 70s,
First-elass and 508. Second-class.

To CA RNARVON, yia Llangollen-road, Cape; Curig, and
Llanleris, on and after the 20th June—to BALA, via, Llan-
gollen-road or Corwen—or to NEWTOWN, via OsWestry,
70s. First-class and 50s. Second-class.
To NARBERTH-ROAD and NEYLAND for TENBY
and MILFORD HAVEN, 70s. First-class_and 50s. Second-
class. ' .

.To KILLARNEY and SOUTH of IRELAND via Milford
Haven and Waterford,. £5,-- ss. First-class and £4 -Second-
class. •

To*JERSEY and GUERNSEY; Via Weymouth, 455. "First
class and 355. Second-class.
Full particulars may be known on application at the Pad,
dington Station.

00MMERCIAL TRAVELLERS' SCHOOLS
X.J for Orphan and Necessitous Children, Pinner.

PATRON—His Royal Highness the PRINCE CONSORT.
NOTICE I' HEREBY GIVEN, That a GENERAL
HALF-YEARLY COURT-of the Governors of this. Institu-
tion will be held oh TUESDAY, the 28th inst., at the London
Tavernßishopsgate-street, to commence at 11 o'clock in the
forenooi, when the motion of Mr. H. J. Cherer (a copy of
which nay be seen at the offices of the Institution) will'be
brought forward and considered; an election of twelve chil-
dren (seven boys and five girls) will take place, and-all such
other matters as may lawfully be brought before the court
will be discussed. ALFRED LENCII SAUL, Secretary.
81, Cheapside, June 20, 1859.

NATIONAL (late Cholera) ORPHAN HOME,
Ham Common, Richmond, founded 1849, for affording
a Home to Destitute Orphans of all classes, ages, and deno-
minations from all parts of the Kingdom, and now contain-
ing nearly 100 Orphans.
PATRON—H.R.H. the DUKE of CAMBRIDGE, K.G.
The ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL will take place TO-
MORROW (Wednesday), June 22, at the Star and Garter,
Richmol;d, the Right Hon. the EARL of SHAFTESBURY
in the Chair:

Noblleiiand Gentlemen wishing to become Stewards, are
requeste to forward their names to the Secretary, R. W.
Newmann Esq., 9, Inner Temple-lane, E.C. ,
Tickets, 21s. each. A special train will leave Richmond for
London after the festival.

THE LONDON.—The attention of Gentlemen
is especially drawn to the advantages offered in these
elegant and spacious Saloons, which fulfil all the require-
ments of a West-end club of the most aristocratic and exclu-
sive character.

L'on trouve dans la Salle de Lecture non seulement les
meilleurs journeaux Anglais, macs aussi Allemand, Francais,
et Beige.

F. SAWYER, Proprietor, 191, Fleet-street.

THE RED SEA TELEGRAPH.

(From a Corresponilertt of the Times.)

ADEN, MAY 31.
" Your Majesty's possessions at Aden are in tele-
graphic communication with Egypt." Such was
the first telegram transmitted to. Suez through the
Red Sea Telegraph by Brigadier Coghlan, the poli-
tical resident at Aden, to be, forwarded to our be-
loved Queen. The message was sent at two p.m.
on Saturday, the 28th ult., and its reception at
Suez was acknowledged in five minutes.. At that
hour the Imperatriz, followed by .the Imperador
and her Majesty'S ship Cyclops, came to anchor in
the inlet on the south side of the peninsula, which
is henceforth to be styled "Telegraph Bay," and a
royal salute from the adjoining fort on Ras Marbat
announced the success of the enterprise. Ar-
rangetnents had been preconcerted between ,the
politielal resident and Mr. Newall to celebrate the
occasion with due eclat. The latter, prior to
his departure for Suez, had politely invited the
,
community ,to join 'the incoming ships to
witness the paying out of the cable, and
the former placed her Majesty's steamer
Lady Canning, under the command of Lieutenant-
Peevor, of the Indian Navy, at their disposal for
when at six a.m. of
gstla;ion announced 'three
the that purpose. osetile Aseigeohiadliny,
steamers in sight from the westward, the Lady
Canning, with Brigadier Coghlan and a number of
the residents on board, gtearned out of the harbour
and joined the Imperatriz, where
they were wel-
comed with the greatest cordiality by Messrs.
Newall and. Gordon, the contractors, and by Mr.
Lionel Gisborne, the originator and mainspring of
the Red Sea telegraph. The arrangements on
board elicited the admiration of the visitors, and
the process of paying out the cable was watched
with intense interest. The Imperatriz then ran
into Telegraph Bay, within a stone's cast of the
beach, and as the shore-end was being landed the
old Cyclops fired a salute, and the crew gave a right
good English cheer, which was heartily returned
by all on board the Imperatriz. I was glad to see
that Sunday was observed as a day of rest by the
telegraph expedition ; but early on Monday they
were hard at work again, and in a day or two the
land line will be completed to the company's office.
Communication with Suez, however, is still kept
up, and should the steamer which was to leave
Bombay on the 23d reach Aden to-day, I may be
able to send you a summary of Indian intelligence
in time to catch the Peninsular and Oriental
steamer at Alexandria with the Calcutta mails of
the 3d of May.
Thus far, then, this enterprise has been crowned
with complete success, and the greatest praise is
due to all concerned in it for the indomitable energy
which they have displayed in carrying it out. The
difficulties which they have had to contend with
were of no ordinary character. As far back as 1855
Mr. Lionel Gisborne projected telegraphic commu-
nication with India via the Red Sea. Lord Claren-
don, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, favoured the
proposition, and through the personal influence of
Lord Stratford.de Redcliffe the Sublime Porte con-
ceded to Mr. Gisborne the privilege of making the
line to which were attached the most extended powers
on principles which no other nation in Europe has
yet adopted. In Europe all telegraphs are in the
hands of the different Governments, and telegraphic
messages, even in transitu, go through the same
ordeal of police regulations, examination, and con-
trol as passengers' baggage or their passports. In
fact, every frontier is a bar to the progress of tele-
graphic communication. Turkey, however, at the
instance of our enlightened Ambassador, was in-
duced to take a more liberal view of the subject,
and granted to Englishmen the right to establish
stations on the coasts of the Red Sea and at Alex-
andria, to nominate their own employes, and to
have entire control and supervision of all through
messages—viz., those destined foy Aden or India;
so that, practically, Mr. Gisborne secured for Eng-
land the facilities and secrecy of telegraphic com-
munication as completely as if the Red Sea and its
coasts belonged to Great Britain. But these con-
cessions, However valuable, were regarded by some
parties as worthless, owing to the alleged imprac-
ticability of making the projected route available
for a submarine cable. The Red Sea was too deep
or too shallow, its temperature was too low, its
,b ti,,,
too rough, its waters swarmed with pirates, the
difficulty of establishing stations would be insu-
per'able, we should be obliged to fortify several
islands for the purpose, and in so doing would be
driven to encroach upon the sovereignty of the
Porte, &c. Then there arose the financial diffi-
culty of a subsidy. The Persian Gulf scheme was
still before the Government and the public solici-
ting support, its projectors and abettors extolling
(as they were, of course, justified in doing) the
superior advantages of their 'project as compared
with the line via the lied Sea. The Ministry were,
doubtless, perplexed and confounded with the con-
tradictory statements submitted to them by the
best authorities on both sides. Fortunately, they
conceived the idea of having the Red Sea surveyed
with the view of testing the feasibility of that
route, and Captain Pullen's favourable reports con-
firmed what Mr. Gisborne and others had always
asserted—that the physical 'difficulties had been
greatly exaggerated. Simultaneously with the
appearance of Captain Pullen's able report, the
Times opened its columns to the advocates of
the two schemes, and there can be no doubt that
the discussion which ensued thereupon turned the
scale, both as regards the Government and the
public, in favour of the Red Sea line. The result,
so far, attests the wisdom of the decision, and com-
pletely vindicates the views first put forward' by
the original projectors.
As the Times has not failed hitherto to record the
progress of the Red Sea telegraph scheme, the fol-
lowing account of the successful submersion of the
cable between Suez and Aden will be interesting to
many of your readers and the public generally :
The Imperador steamed out of the Suez roads on
the 9th inst., having landed the end of the cable
two days before, and Cosseir was reached in 48
hours, no accident whatever having delayed the
process of paying out. For a portion of one night
the vessel was anchored by the cable to allow of
the Jubal Straits being passed at daylight, and
though the wind blew fresh from the north-west
the cable stood the strain perfectly well, The
greatest depth in this section is supposed not to ex-
ceed 350 fathoms. During the paying out constant
communication was maintained with the shore, and
the Imperador was thus kept au fait of all public
news as it was known at Alexandria. Nothing
could work more satisfactorily than the paying-out
machinery. The principle of this machinery differs
entirely from that used on the Atlantic line; but as
it is the invention of Messrs. R. S. Newall and Co.,
the contractors, it would be hardly fair to give a
detailed description of it. Suffice it to say that it
is perfectly simple, is under complete control, and,
though not absolutely self-acting, requires nothing
more than the supervision of an ordinary mechanic
to regulate the break.
On arriving at Cosseir no time was lost in estab-
lishing the' shore connection with the company's
office. Some little delay, however, occurred there,
in consequence of the direct rays of the sun having
injured the gutta pereha, which had been exposed
for several hours. The experience thus gained
prevented any recurrence of such an accident
throughout the remainder of the li.ie.
After leaving Cosseir, four days' continuous
steaming landed the cable at Suakin, where the
Imperador completed her part of the work, having
only about 30 miles of cable left on board. It
is confidently asserted that no submarine cable has
as yet been submerged with less loss by slack than
in the reach from Suez to Cosseir. The cable was
designed, it appears, to speak at the rate 10 words
a minute through lengths not exceeding 500 knots ;
but in connecting Suakin and Suez direct, a dis-
tance of 800 miles, it was foun,d that experienced
hands could work at from 8 to 10 words per minute
through the whole length, and by making a relay,
or translation station, of Cosseir, a speed of from
13 to 15 words was obtained. This is an unlooked-
for and highly satisfactory result, and proves as
well that the Red Sea Company were rightly ad-
vised by their professional employes, as that Messrs.
Newall and Co.'.s manufacture of submarine cable is
as yet unequalled in perfection. The greatest depth
between Cosseir and Suakin was about 450 fathoms.
At Suakin the company secured a splendid three
storied stone house, at the low rent of £4O per
annum. The instrument room is 30 feet high and
40 by 30 feet large. The Turkish Kaimakan gave
the company's officers every assistance in his power,
and the station itself is as secure from Arab raids
as that at Suez.
As soon as the office arrangements were completed
a start was made in the Imperatriz for Aden, dis-
tant about 630 knots. The satisfactory working of
the line from Suez determined Messrs. L. Gisborne
and Brunton to do away with Perim as a station
for the present, so that the line now lies unbroken
frem Suakin to Aden. To allow, however, of Perim
being eventually taken' up as a station on the line,
the cable was laid within a quarter of a mile of the

island,,and two Coils of shore-end, each half a mile
long, Were droprk-oed in three fathoms' water opposite
the lauding-place.
During the rug, from
Suakin to Aden a slight
accident occurred in tt,..e, payittg_out of the' 'cable.
It was `accordingly picke imroe,diately by under-
,'
running four miles of cable
in 250 fathoms' 'depth
the injured portion was then ait- away, and a new
splice made. The rest of the vovagC was accom-
plished, without further interruptions,
t the usual
speed of from six to seven knots an hoar, }9d for
12 hours at least the paying out was effeci.qu
rate of eight knots "per hour. The eable. wail'-' s-
eessfully landed at 'Aden, I have already staieN
on the 28th inst. at 2 p.m. at the
From Cosseir to Aden Captain Pullen led the
way in the. CyclOpS," sounding every two hotirs.
For a short time he had to give the pas to the Irn-
perador, the Cyclops being very slow with 'a head
wind. He has been for more than a year energe-
tically engaged in developing the fedsibility of
this undertaking, and it is to be hoped that the
Government will regard his services in the same,
light as the company appear to.do, and that, they
will not fail to acknowledge them in a suitable
manner. kis not to be-forgotten that this is the
Pullen of the, North Star who distinguished himself
in two Arctic expeditions.
The first message sent•froni Aden was, as I have
already said, from Brigadier Coghlan to her Most
Gracious Majesty. , The next was from Captain
Pullen to the Admiralty, and the remainder from
Mr. L. Gisborne to the board of ,directors in Lon-
don. Though you may get a telegram from me
before that time, the line will not be open to the
public for a month to come.
The electricians now here report the state of the
cable to be more perfect than, when at Birkenhead
in Messrs. Newall and Co.'s workshops. This is to
be accounted for by the insulation being improved,
from the gutta percha being subjected to the pres-
sure of the sea, and from its being in tolerably cool
water, kir, although the surface of the Red Sea is
often at 87 deg. Fahrenheit, at 250 fathoms it is
only 70 deg.
The greatest depth in which the cable is laid
between Suakin and Aden is 250 fathoms. The
greatest depth throughout the whole line is 450
fathoms. The bottom is even, and consists of mud,
sand, and small shells, with the debris of coral,
which may be easily pulverised between the fingers.
Not a single coral reef has been crossed.
The Imperador and Imperatriz start in two or
three days towards Maculla to pay out the 250
miles of cable still on board the latter vessel. The
Lady Canning will accompany them to assist in
case of necessity, and will return to Aden with the
telegraphic staff. From off Maculla the Imperador
and Imperatriz will pursue their homeward voyage,
and if all goes well will return to Aden in
November with the remainder of the cable
to complete the line . to Kurrachee or Bom-
bay. The success of the Red Sea line has
so emboldened the projectors that they pro-
pose to do away with Maculla as a station, and have
decided to take the cable direct from Aden to Hal-
lania, one of the Kooria Mooria islands, thence to
Muscat, and finally to Kurrachee. But it is by no
means improbable that the favourable view which
Captain Pullen's surveys have induced him to take
of the route from Hallania to Bombay may even-
tually lead the company to adopt that line in pre-'
ference to the more circuitous course by Muscat and
Kurrachee.

From the foregoing statement the public at home
will be aware that at present, and until the line is
completed to Kurrachee or Bombay, the advan-
tages to be derived from the Red Sea telegraph will
be comparatively small, more especially as the line
between Candia and Alexandria has not yet been
laid. For this latter drawback, however, the
company are in no way responsible. The land line
between Suez and Alexandria is nearly ready, and
it was expected that the link between Alexandria
and Candia (alone wanted to connect Egypt with
Europe through Constantinople) would have been
completed simultaneously with the Red Sea. In
this, however, there has been disappointment ; for,
although the Elba, with the required cable on
board, has been some time in the Mediterranean
ready to submerge it, our own Government at the
last moment withdrew the Argus steamship, which
was to have accompanied the Elba, and she is now
waiting for a Turkish Government steamer to
supply her place. This will account for the delay
in making the Eutopean connection, and brings
into greater prominence the energy, skill, and per-
severance which on this side have been crowned
with such signal success.
However, it is by no means improbable that, even
under existing circumstances, Indian and other
Eastern messages, dated a week later, may be
transmitted to Alexandria in time to catch the pre-
ceding mail steamer before she starts for Marseilles.
This will be one advantage. On the other hand,
the present critical state of Europe, wherein it is
not improbable that Turkey and Egypt may ulti-
mately be implicated, may render it of vital impor-
tance that a message from the latter country should
be despatched to Bombay without delay. Such an
emergency may occur just after the mail steamer
has left Suez ; a telegram would precede it at Aden
by five or six days, and, there being generally a
Government steamer on the station, no time would
be lost in forwarding it to Bombay.
The Roebuck arrived here- from Jeddah a few
days ago, and starts again shortly for Bombay.
The Furious, Auckland, and schooner Constance
are in the Red Sea. The French steamship Col,
delia is expected hourly from Bourbon.