The Sun.
London, England, 1857-10-28 00:00:00

SPAIN.

The Madrid journals of the 22d contain nothing
of much importance. Admiral Armero, it is said,
only wanted to prorogue the Cortes to the 30th
Nov., but at the request of the Queen, who wishes
to open them in person, a prorogation to the 30th
December was resolved on. Some of the journals
say that the new cabinet will encounter strong op-
position in the Cortes, as the retired ministers and
their partizans, who are numerous ; M. Bravo
Murillo and his party, who are upwards of 90 in
number ; the Polacos, who are from 15 to 20
strong ; and the Catholics, who are between 30
and
4aos isnaidnutt number, will join in opposing it.
Admiral Armero bad been
prohibited by the Queen from admitting any Vical-
varist general to his cabinet, but this is contra-
dicted. M. Bravo Murillo, it was said, intended
to return to Paris until the meeting of the Cortes.
The railway from Albacete to Almanac) was to be
opened for traffic in a few days. According to the
Epoca, an understanding has been come to between
the Spanish Government and the Pope, relative to
the destination of the property of the Church, and
the diminution of holidays to the number that
exists in France, with in addition three days which
are regarded with peculiar sanctity by Spaniards.

SORTRIDGII CONSOLS MINING COMPANY.--Yesterday
the quarterly meeting of the shareholders was held at the
London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street ; W. A. Thomas,
Lg., in the chair. The report of the committee, inserted
in The Sun last week, was read, and a statement
of accounts, showing a balance in favour of the company
of 1,4131. The report of Captain Richards, dated 26th
inst., stated thai in Hitchin's engine shaft they had sunk
5 fathoms 3 feet since the last meeting, making a total
of 12 fathoms 3 feet below the 62. The lode is from 2to
3 feet wide, composed of quartz, mundic, peach, and rich
stones of copper ore. There are 8 pitches working at an
average tribute of 7e. sd. in the pound. The ore in re-
serve in and throughout the mine amounts to about 400
tone. The cost for the next three months will be about
6001. per month, and the bimonthly sampling about 140
tons. The report and accounts were unanimously adopted.
Mr. Schofield having resigned, the Chairman and Mr.
Wm. Orr were reelected the committee of management,
with the addition of Mr. Robert M'Callan.

ENGINES WORKED BT ETHER.—M. Tissot, an en-
gineer of some standing, has communicated to the French
Academy of Sciences the description of an engine en-
tirely worked by the expansive power of ether. The
combination of this power with that of steam has long
been tried on a large scale with apparently good effect ;
nevertheless it is attended with certain inconveniences
which more than balance its advantages. M. Tissot
therefore endeavoured to eliminate steam altogether, by
mixing two litres of an essential oil of any kind except oil
of turpentine with the ether. The boiler is encircled
with a water bath ; moreover, each time that the ether is
re-conducted to the boiler, it is made to pass through a
thin stratum of olive oil. The boiler is filled to a certain
depth with water, in which a small quantity of soda (one
gramme per litre) has been dissolved. The other, in
passing through the oil in a state of vapour, carries some
particles of this oil with it ; and the latter, coming in
contact with the soda, is converted to soap. This double
action produces an excellent effect, since the soapy sub-
stance in question acts as a preservative on the various
parts of the engine, which on being undone after
a long time is found to have undergone no change
from the effects of wear or friction, a thin coating
of a fatty substance having spread over the surface
of the cylinders and pistons, and preserved them from
injury. An engine of this description of two-
horse power having been constructed and tested with
satisfactoryteffect, another of It-horse power was esta-
blished some time ago in a brewery at Lyons instead of
a common steam-engine, and has been found to answer
perfectly. The evaporation of ether is much more rapid
than that of water ; thus, a quantity of ether, which, if
it were water, it would take an hour and a half to eva-
porate, may be turned into vapour in the course of six
minutes, with much less fuel ; the quantity of coal con-
sumed per hour and per horse power being only oce and
a half kilogrammes, while the ordinary quantity is four
kilogrammes.
THE LATE SMUGGLING CASE AT LEITH.—The Provost
of Leith has received a communication from the Board
of Customs in answer to a memorial adopted at a public
meeting there, relative to the case of nine men of the'
steamer Holyrood, who, in default of payment of 1001.
each, were lately sentenced to imprisonment during her
Majesty's pleasure for being found on board of a vessel
in whiff' was a quantity of smuggled tobacco, stating
that the board have directed the immediate release of
all the parties concerned, except Dixon, against whom it
appeared, from the report of the evidence submitted to
the board, that the evidence was stronger than against
the other parties.

At a meeting of the bank officers, held at the
clearing house on the evening of the 14th, the fol-
lowing resolutions were adopted without dissent :
"Resolved—That we will take at par notes of banks
on the State of New York, secured on the bank depart-
ment at Albany, and all such safety fund banks as may
be designated from time to time on deposits from our
customers only, and in payments of notes due on our
banks respectively. That we will receive or pay ba-
lances at the Clearing-house in such notes ; the same
being counted, enveloped, tied, and sealed, with the
amount certified on the parcel whenever the sum shall
exceed $l,OOO, provided the same be certified by an
officer appointed by the Clearing-house Association."

A committee of three was appointed to arrange
;he details of the plan, which was to go into opera-
:ion immediately.
_____

The judges of the New York Supreme Court had
adoptrd and promulgated a code of opinions in re-
' gard to the enforcement of the penalties of the law
against suspended banks. They agree that it is for
them to wind up the banks or not, in the exercise of
a sound discretion that they are not to be enjoined
unless they are insolvent, or unless an injunction
may be necessary to prevent fraud and injustice.
That a prevention of specie payments is not proof
of insolvency, and that no injunction should issue
without giving both parties a hearing.
The New York courier and Enquirer of the 15th
says :---

"The community seem to acquiesce in the conclusion
arrived at by the banks last evening, to suspend specie
payments for the present. Business among these insti-
tutions was generally going on this morning al usual,
except that specie was refused in large sums, The North
River Bank has not yet resumed business, but proposes
to do so to•morrow. The Ocean Bank is in the hands of
a receiver, but will probably resume operations during
the week. The other banks in Greenwich—Areet, viz.,
the Merchants' Exchange, the New York Exchange,
and the Irving Bank, are receiving deposits and paying
cheques as before. A notice to the following effect was
was posted up in several banks :

" i The business of the banks will be transacted exactly
as heretofore, with the exception of paying specie.
Cheques will be received on deposit and on the payment
of noter, and bank-notes will be pail and received as
usual.'

"The Metropolitan Bank has the following placarded
on the railings :7: _

METROPOLITAN BANK.
•" This bank will receive on deposit at par notes of
banks in the State of New York secured in the banking
department of this State, and also the bills of such safety
fund banks as may be designated, and will pay cheques
drawn against such deposits in similar currency.'
" The American Exchange Bank, the Bank of the
Commonwealth, and a few others have adopted a similar
course, and others are deliberating whether to come into
the measure. The effect of this will be to keep the
country bills at par in this city for ordinary business
transactions, instead of forcing them home for redemp-
tion, as heretofore. A. B. flays, cashier, has been ap-
pointed receiver of the North River Bank. Mr. R.
Martin, president of the Ocean Bank, was appointed
receiver of that institution on application to Judge Pea-
body. The Chymical Bank, it is understood, is the
only one that continues specie payments ; but it is ob-
vious that this can be done for a short time only, and if
the bank restricts its business to merely gold and silver
its operations will be very light. The exchanges are in
a worse condition to-day than before. The brokers are
at a loss what to charge for checks on Boston, Philadel-
phia, New Orleans, and other cities. The only offer we
have heard of to-day was q discount. Gold is nomi-
nally 6 to 8 to 10 per cent. prem.-6 for large sums, and
8 to 10 for small amounts.

The Clearing-house will have another meeting this
evening to consult upon and to decide upon the mode of
settlement.

"To-day the balances between the banks were called
for in specie, but to persist in this mode of settlement
would only serve to maintain a course of contraction in
loans. The small banks under this rule would be afraid
to expand, or bring themselves in debt to the stronger
ones. No relief had been looked for by the community
under this process.
"A. more equitable, a more beneficial one, would be
to extend their loans 3 to 5 per cent., and fix upon a
maximum for the aggregates ; otherwise, the merchants
will be as much at a loss as before for funds to meet
their engagements.
" We learn by telegraph that the banks at Boston,
Portland, Hartford, Albany, and other important places
have followed the example of New York in the suspen•
sion of specie payments.

"The. Oharleston News confirms the report of the sus-
pension of the Bank at Augusta.
"The sub-Treasury is so depleted by the redemption
of Government stocks, that the Secretary of the Trea-
sury gives notice he will redeem no more at present.
The price in the market will therefore probably decline
112 to 115. The Custom-house duties at all the seaports
had declined so materially that the general Government
will probably not have funds enough for the fiscal ope-
rations of the year. The reduction of duties for the
current year will probably be 20,000,000 dols. The
operations of the Clearing-house to-day were 18,000,537
dollars against an average daily balance in the spring of
25,000,000 dole. Il will be perceived that an impetus
has been given to the stock-market by the changes in
the currency. New York Central advanced to-day 6
per cent. ; Erie, 2i ; 7i ; Michigan Central,
6 ; Cleveand and Toledo, 3 ; Galena and Chicago, 9 ;
New York State Five per Cent, brought 88 to 90 ; Mis-
souri Sixes improved 6 ; Illinois Central Bonds, 8 ;
Deleware and Hudson Canal, 5."
The New York Journal of Commerce says :
" Foreign exchange has materially advanced, sales of
bills on London were made as high as 108, but this is an
extreme rate, while there is a large amount of second-
class bills offering."

The New York Times says :
"The foreign exchanges had scarcely time to act
under the new order of things before the Arabia Bailed
for Liverpool. The rates advanced at 5 per cent. La.-t
evening the Associated Banks adopted the New York
State currency—country and city—as current funds in
all general banking transactions—an arrangement which
will greatly mitigate the inconvenience of the suspension.
All the city banks which broke down early in the day
yesterday, including the Ocean, were restored to regular
business.
" A telegraphic report from Boston, that Little,
Alden, and Co., who have a branch house of very ex-
tensive business here, had stopped payment, wants con-
firmation.
"The merchants of New York, in public meeting
assembled, had resolved that it was their duty to aid the
banks by every means, and expressed every confidence
in their
of the Governor of the State respecting
thesuspension ii
yen ;
"The
the New York banks was expected
be,g,isvekninonnerthaenddacyot„heßsotsetaomn,er
hads calledailed upon their cre-
ditors to have their paper renewed for six months from
its maturity, receiving interest for the extension in ad-
vance. The assets of the firm, it is 13aid, exceeded their
liability 1,000,000 Ciromo,oofo3andOlws.o and Co, had done the same.
The committee of Boston bankers had resolved unani-
mously that the present system of daily settlement
between the banks in the Clearing-house shall be con-
tinued under such modifications as the Clearing-house
Committee shall deem advisable. That there shall be a
return to specie payment at an early period as possible.
!` The Massachusetts Bank, the only one refusing to

its turn to stand on its defence, a repetition of
the Caboo.l disaster. They proved that Lucknow
Must Akre the fate of' eawnpore, and that
General Havelock would not be al,le to save his
own little band beset a y 11,)sts of enemies on all
sides, much less to succour the bolearmred for ti e.ss.
Finally, our excellent friends found it too certain
that our reinforcements would arrive too late to
save even a wreck of our army, and that their
number would be found to.) small to undertake
any great operatons against an enemy by -rat
time in complete uudispuled possession of tue bust
half of our territory. Such was the calculation of
most of the French journals, especially of the
Univers, the Gaz.ette de Frttnce, and the Presse,
the only exception having been the Sieele, which
has always friendly faith in those energies which
make the fortune of England.
Some, like the Univers, assured us that our
coming ruin was dse to our offences against heaven
and earth ; others professed to be concerned for the
. _

fate which they too clearly foresaw, and "with
sorrowful ditty promised their pity." Well, with-
out inferring the " wish father to the thought,"
or reproaching these Job's comforters for not being
more sure of their facts before they resigned all
hope of us, we ask them to observe how matters
stand now in India, and to reconcile our present
posture with their previous view of our resources,
and the declared impossibility of our ende avows.
What do they think now of the men who have held
their ground against the odds pronounced over-
whelming ? What do they think of the admired au-
dacity which has reduced the pronounced impossi-
bility to a matter of fact possibility. Let us not be told
that our enemies have wanted military skill and
daring. A month ago we were told not to pre-
sume on such deficiencies, not to build any expec-
tations or hopes on the inferiority of the sepoy, or
the want of conduct and cohesion in the bands of
discordant races and religionists. We were than
assured that numbers and animosity would make
up for all soldierly deficiencies, and overwhelm our
scanty and exhausted forces. There was only one
error in this reasoning, and that was in the estimate
of what Englishmen are capable when mighty exi-
gencies and peril call forth all the powers and re-
sources of the national genius. The sort of wreck
which disbands and demoralises most people is the
wreck which exhibits all that is noblest and best in
the English character—the order and devotion
which prevailed in that noble example of the ship
of war carrying Lord Amherst to China, cast away
on her passage, and which Frenchmen themselves
compared with the very different conduct presented
in like circumstances in the instance of their Me-
dusa. Not that the French are less trave. No
people are braver, but their bravery has different
seasons and occasions. It is gay, impulsive, and
active, and delights in meeting danger oraffroctieg
it. The British courage is more sedate and passive,
more obedient to calls, and with its funds more
amply reserved to meet heavy demands.
If our present trial has revealed to us the dis-
agreeable truth that we are not liked by our neigh-
bours, we hope at least it will serve to make us
obfetßterrituisrandceorentdouocdtbiyn them,lndia and that
inspirethata
the spectacle
respect
compensating the avowed dislike for we know not
what, and so tend to the great end of preservation
of peace between us. It must be clear that 're
are not a pleasant people to war with, even
when most unprepared, and unprepared henceforth
we do not intend to be. We hive learnt a lesson
of caution, and of precaution. As the Revue do Deux
Mondes observes, our instincts instruct us to confide
in ourselves alone and to provide by our own sure
means for our own safety. When a province is in
anus against us we do not, like an European power,
implore the aid of an ally's army to restore our
authority and secure the integrity of our empire.
It is, however, to say the least, unpleasant to
find that national prejudice still survives where it is
most to our interest that it should be eradicated.
The French admit that all prejudice against them on
the part of the English has ceased to exist, and
let us observe that this admission is a confession
of au advance in true civilisation on our side,
without any corresponding progress on theirs,
where national antipathy still prevails. And mani-
festations of this feeling, most petty and illiberal,
are observable. In French fiction the Englishman
is always held up to ridicule and odium, not as an
individual, but as the Britannic type, hideous in
person, ungainly, unmannerly, selfish, vulgar,
mean, uuintellectual. A novel ("Silence"), by Paul
Fevel, a popular author, happens to be now before
us, in which several pages are devoted to a descrip-
tion of the Britannic characteristics, physical and
moral, in contradistinction not only to everything
agreeable, but we might almost add, to everything
human. And, no doubt, a seasoning of this sort is
thought, if not necessary, at least conducive to the
success of any work of amusement for the French
public. It feeds the dislike confessed by the Revue
de Deux Mondes. These straws indeed show the
set of the wind. Retaliation cannot be threatened.
We cannot return to our illiberalities because our
neighbours have not emancipated themselves from
their wretched prejudices. And if any calamity
befel France to-morrow, England would be as ready
and forward to succour her as she was on the occa-
sion of the inundations' and not a thought would
be bestowed on the ill feeling manifested when it
was our turn to expect at least sympathy and good
wishes.

We may be asked whether the dislike of us
avowed is not deserved, and doubtless Englis nnen.
have their faults of pride and arrogance to correct,
but France is not the nation most competk-nt to
school us, for this reason, that there is no people
with less understanding of others. What they
charge against us, the habit of trying all by our
own insular standard, is pre-eminently theig
own fault, for they do not think it worth
the trouble to comprehend tho peculiar cha-
racter of any foreign nation. France is the
cockney nation of Europe. The French in their
own conceit have nothing to learn out of France.
They are therefore the worst linguists in Europe,
and never touch on the history, usages, and peal,
Rarities of other people without betraying the most
extraordinary ignorance and misooncepti, n. Of
course there aro eminent exceptions among-it their
informed and learned classes, but we alluire to the
general public, which continues to cherich a com-
fortable dislike of its nearest neighbours and beak
friends, because it will not be at the tr( übhi of dis-
abusing itself of its preposterously fal
national charactt% It is because Wee understand
the French better than they underst:iunddedaeurostittahatnhast
we like them so much better than they like us. If
they knew us better we should be more on a footing
in mutual esteem.

NEW c
—EURea AT BLACKHEATH,—Yesterday afternoon
the foundation-stone of a new church dedicated to MI
Saints, was laid by the Earl of Dartmouth, in the p!e-
,ence of a large concourse of the resident clergy and_ in.
habitants of the neighbourhood of Blackheath, .the H?ni.
and Rev. Henry Legge, vicar of Lewisham, In vr.hicb,
parish the church is situate, officiating on the occasion. 4
THE RAILWAY COLLISION NEAR CHORL EY.—The
colliaion which took place on Thursday morning last on
heof the
received.
has proved far more disastrous than wag
nearth the Lca nil
oc ads
ehyir e and
,TheYorkshireestimateddam a damage
eactio Railway
nbeettsso
.aettehnteh
2ef
r, Seo
ioagouhldt. b oialunead
3,0001.,
was the property of
oatthfierrstperxoppeercttyed.is
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different Of
tradceosumresne,ktahned tothrmeyer hold the company re•
ballast trcaoinnsbidaesrra,belwe
inconvenience was caused by the stoppage of traffics for
BnPfeyibrieeCovTerheed bt
rhe the shock sm an
a full day.

ER MAJESTY'S TAEATRE.
JULMEN'S CONCERTS.

MDLLE. JETTY TREFFZ.

M. Jullien has the honour to announce that his ANNUAL
SERIES" of CONCERTS will commence on FRIDAY, the
30th of October, when, be,sides "Batti, Batti" of Mozart,
Mdlle. Jetty Treffs will sing, for the first time in England, a
new Lied, entitled " The Recruit." The following novelties,
composed by M. Jullien, will form part of the programme,
being their first time of performance :—" Valses Sentimen
tones :" Ist set, Constance ; 2d set, Les Soupirs —" Polka
Mazourka "—and a new operatic Selection from Mozart's
Don Juan," arranged expressly for the converts.
Prospectuses, with full particulars, may be had at the Box.
ellee. of the Theatre ; of all the principal libraries ; and at
Juilien and Co.'s, 214, Regent-street.
r.ces of Admission—Promenade, is
; U Boxes, s. ;
l
Gallery, Is. ; Dress Circle, 2s. 6d.; Private Boxes, 10s.
-dd. and upwards.
Private Boxes may be secured at all the principal libraries
musicsellers% and at Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Regent-
trert.

• PERA BUFFA.—St. JAMES'S THEATRE.
• (Entirely Re-decorated).—Signor RONZANI
bag the honour to announce that the Season will commence
.ovi TUNSDAT, the 3d of November next, 1857. Fall particulars
wiL Le' duly announced. Prospectuses may be had, and
Subscriptions arranged at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33,
O'd Bond street.

11110YAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. Charles Kean.
Al"
THIS EVENING, will, be performed Slakspere's Play of
THE TEMPEST.
Preceded by LIVING TOO FAST.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.

Tgai EVENING, will be performed. an original Apropos
Sketch, entit al THE DRAPERY QUESTION ; or, Who's
for India I Messrs. Wright, P. Bedford, C. Selby; Miss M.
Wilton and Miss Harp Keeley.
After Irbich, Douglas Jerrold's drama of BLACK-EYED
SUSAN. William, Mr. T. P. Cooke ; Bine Peter. Mr. Paul
Bedford ; ao,atbrain, Mr. Wright ; Black-eyed Susan, Miss
Arden.
To conclude -pkvith ITNIENT PRIVATE AFFAIRS.

THEATRA ROYAL, H AYMARKET.
Lessee, —Mr.•J. B. Buckstone.
fills EVENING, to commence at Seven o'clock, with
Sheridan Knowles' co,-nedy of THE LOVE CHASE. Con-
stance, Mi=s A. Sedgwlck.
After which, BOX .A.ND COL Box, Mr, Bucktene ;
Cox, Mr. Compton.
Followed by-.'RAKE I'OUR WILLS.
To conclude with THE GALICIAN FETE.
Orchestra Stalls (which mv.37 be retained the whole of the
evening), 6s. each, k` No charge for booking.)
First Price, s. d. Second price. s. d
Dress Boxes 5 0 Drees Boxes
tipper Boxes ....... ........ .3 0 Cpper 80xe5.... 2 0
P t
L Aver Gallery 1 0 Lower Gallery 0 6
jpper Gallery 0 6No .half-price to Upper Gallery.

OYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lid Lessees, Messrs. Shepherd and Creswick.

THIS EVENING, will be performed AMBITION : or,
The Throne and the Tomb. Messrs, Creswick, W. Smith,
Vollaire, B. Potter, Jackson, Belmore ; Miss Webster, Miss
M. Ebsirne, Miss Johnstone.
After which, a new Petite Comedy, UP IN THE WORLD.
To conclude with AVARICE.

OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.—Lessee, Mr.
1.1.) Dillon.—Under the joint management of
Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON.—Open for
an OPERA SEASON of THREE MONTHS, with the fol-
lowing Distinguished Artistes :—Madame Caradori, Miss Co-
relli, Miss Susan Pyne, Miss Marian Prescott, Miss Cuthbert,
Mrs. H. Manley, and Miss Lou'sa Pyae ; Mr. Augustps
Graham, Mr. A, St. Albyn, Mr. Edmunds, Mr. Hamilton
Graham, Mr. Ferdinand Glover, Mr. Bernard, Mr. Kerby,
Mr. Wallworth, Mr. G. Honey, Mr. Weiss, and Mr. W. Harrison.

Conductor, Mr. Alfred Mellon. The Orchestra selected
from the Royal Italian Opera, Jullien's Build, and the Orches-
ttal Union. The Chorus selected entirely from the Royal
Italian Opera. Stage Manager, Mr. E. Stirling. Assistant
A cting Manager, Mr. William Brough. Ballet Master, Mr.
Frampton. Chorus Master, Mr. G. Smythson.
THIS EVENING, will be pe formed Verdi's opera ol
TROVATORE.
After which, GOOD FOR NOTHING. _ _

Private Boxes, £2 12s. 6d., £2 25., and £1 lls. ea. ;
Stalls, 6s. ; Dress Circle, ss. ; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 25.;
Gallery, Is.—The Box Office is now open daily, from 11 to
3, under the direction of Mr. Chatterton, jun.

LOYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessees, Messrs. Robson and Emden.
THIS EVENING, will be performed (9th time) a new
comedy, called LEADING STRINGS. Messrs. Addison, G.
Vining, H. Cooper ; Mrs. Stirling, Misses Wyndham and
Swanborough.
Followed by (for the 3d time) a new comedietta, entitled
DEADLY REPORTS,
After which, the comedietta, entitled A SUBTERFUGE.
Mrs, Stirling, Mr. G. Vining, and Mr. G. Murray.
Commence at half-past Seven.

CIANTERBURY HALL, Weatminater-road.--
kJ_ OPEN EVERY EVEMNG..----The.tellow-
ul•compa.ny of Vocalists are engaged for the performance o'
elections from all the popular OPERAS, MADRIGALS,
CHORUSES, GLEES DUETS, dr.e., viz.:—Miss Russell,
Mrs. Badzey, Madlle. Manetta, Mrs. Palmyra, Miss E. Scott
Vise Brunel!, Mrs. Le Jenne, and Madame Marietta;
Herr F. Jonghmans, Mr. Hensha.w, R. Grover, T. Farcant,
S. To .ec, J. Barker, W. Melling, Senor Antonio, E. L.
Hime, and Mr St. Ailayn ; Messrs. S. Collins and E. Mack-
ney. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmonium, Master
igiams ; Di:ector, Herr P. Jonghmans. Commence at
Seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until, twelve o'clock.
-- signor PICCO R ill perform, at half-past Eight and half.
past Ten, every Evening.