The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-03 00:00:00

Macbeth, Mr. C. Kean ; Lady Macbeth, Mrs. C. Kean,

After which, a new "►rand Christmas Pantomime, entitled
'TIE KING OF THE CASTLE; or, Harlequin Prince
INamond and Princess Brighteyes.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING will be performed THE BUSYBODY.
AI essrs. Buckstone, Farren, &c. ; Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam and
Miss Reynolds.
Atter which, a new grand Comic Pantomime, entitled
NDINE ; or, harlequin and the Spirit of the Waters.
Commence at 7.

_ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, will be performed THE SISTER'S
SACRIFICE. Messrs. Emery, Barret, and Rogers. Madame
Celeste, Mrs. Keeley, and Miss Julia St. George.
After which, will be produced the new Burlesque, written
expressly for the Lyceum Company by Robert B. Brough,
and entitled THE SIEGE OF TROY. The principal cha-
racters by Mrs. Keeley, Miss Julia St. George, Mrs. Weston,
Miss Portman, Miss Talbot, Miss Kate Saxon, Miss E. Romer,
; Mr. Emery, Mr. Charles Young, Mr. Ellerton, Mr. .1.
Rogers, Mr. Barrett, &c. ; Miss Rosina Wright, Miss M.
Charles, Miss Harriet Dalton, &c.
To conclude with the new Comic Pantomime, replete with
new tricks and mechanical devices, entitled HARLEQUIN
TOY HORSE ; or, The Cremorne Fete. Clown, Mr Charles
Lauri ; Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri ; Pantaloon, Mr. Henry
Lauri ; Columbine, Miss Jenny Lauri.
Reduced Prices—Dress Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. ; Pit,
2s. ; Stalls, 55. ; Gallery, ls.
=ex-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past
6 to commence at 7 every evening.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPIII
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.

Grand Week of Attraction.
This Evening (by desire), TARTUFFE. Tartutle, Mr. 11
Webster; Damais. Mr. Billington • Oregon. Mr. C. Selby;
Elmere, Miss H. Simms; Dorine, Miss Woolgar ; Mariane,
Miss Keeley ; Madame Pennelle, Mrs. Chatterly.
- - -

After which, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Messrs. J. L. Took,
131llington, Eburne, and Miss Woolgar. _ _ • -

To conclude, with the grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled
MOTHER RBD CAP ; or, Harlequin Johnny Gilpin's Ride
to Edmonton. Clown, Mr. Croueste ' • Harlequin, Mr. Hilde-
brand ; Columbine, Miss Hayman ; Pantaloon, Mr. Lupin ;
Sprite, Mr. Le Barr.
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborougbt
THIS EVENING, THE BONNIE FISH WIFE.
After which, the new Extravaganza, KENILWORTH ; or
Ye Queene. ye Earle, and ye Maydenne.
And THE LITTLE SAVAGE.
Commence at 7 o'clock.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.
Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke.
Crowded Houses Nightly.
Another high"), attractive and successful Drama.
THIS EVENING, and during the week, the grand Spec-
tacle of THE GIPSY GIRL OF MADRID ; or, The Ediet
of Spain.
After which, the inimitable SCENES IN THE CIRCLE,
Introducing Mr. Wm. Cooke's beautiful and highly-trained
palfries and ponies and the Starßiders of Europe.
To conclude with the great Operatic and Burlesque Eques-
trian Pantomime, entitled BARON
C HAUSEN, AND HIS H
COMICALARLEQUIN MUN-
CREAM COB
CRUISER. Baron Munchausen, Mr. W. Anson ; Harlequin,
Mr. H. Hemmings, Pantaloon, Mr. Morley ;I Clown, Mr. A.
F. Forrest, the Grimaldi of the day ; Columbine, Miss Julia
Weston. Brilliant and unsurpassable Transformation Scene,
with dazzling effects of Colder and Fire. Gorgeous Scenery,
and every incident in bustling reality, from Regent-street to
the "New Palace for the People, at Muswell Hill,"
Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, Is. ; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, is. ; Upper
Gallery, 6d.
Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips.

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.—
Proprietor ---C. MORTON.
The public is most respectfully informed that the FOINE
AR NW
TS GALLERY, in connection with the above Hall, IS
OPEN DAT AND NIGHT, from 11 o'clock a.m. until 12
P,Yn. The New Gallery contains an extensive Collec-
tion of Pictures, by Ancient and Modern Masters -and is also
devoted to Art productions generally. The Proprietor feels
he may confidently assert that, viewed altogether, the exist-
ng Music hall, the New Fine Arts Gallery, and the recently
tided Ante-Hall, will present an attraction which, whether
s regards the architectural beauty of the structures them-
selves, or the varied and hitherto unattempted combinations
within, will be found to be wholly without parallel in the
Kingdom.
The DlesicAL ENTERTAINMENT COMIRCIICRS as usual at
Seven o'clock.
In addition to the usual entertainment, the SAUVLET
FAMILY, of Amsterdam, Eight in number, whose varied
instrumental performances have created so marked a sensa-
tion
in the principal cities and towns of the Continent, will
perform every Evening at Nine awl Eleven o'clock.

THE WEA.TIIER.-STIN OFFICE, FEB. 3.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
49—highest since noon yesterday.
x,37—lowest this morning and during the night.
41—this day at noon.
4.IAnamETETt-30.10—a sudden rise of more than half
an inch.
WIND, Northerly; light, with fine frosty weather. A
sharp frost last night.

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-

THE sUN.

THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 3, 1859•

Wehope many of our Legislators who re-assemble
to-day will not only glance at, but study the tables
which we published on Monday, and republish
0-day. That they will have contributed their
share towards the formation of opinion in the minds
of their constituents we cannot affect to doubt.
They exhibit, not our arguments, but the arguments
of undeniable facts. Indeed we must confess that
when we commenced the calculations of which we
have thus given the results, we did not anticipate
that they would furnish so complete a condemnation
of the apportionment of seats under the Reform
Bill, and of that with which the Times has also
favoured us.

The latter was indeed full of patent blunders ;
many of these were corrected on the' 28th ult., but
glaring errors still remained, such, for instance, as
including the boroughs in the counties to increase
the claim of the counties to members, and then not
reckoning the members for boroughs as returned by

that county! It is unaccountable that our con-
temporary should permit so; grave and one-sided
a blunder to be perpetrated in its columns. More
natural, though not more justifiable, was it to give
an undue proportion of members to Berkshire,

the county in which lies Mi. WALTERS' estate of I
Bearwood, and to magnify the population of Not-
tingham almost threefold (from 57,000-to 130,000),
apparently that the borough represented by Mr.
WALTERS might be honoured not only by that
gentleman's services, but that it might also have
three representatives. Northampton, too, a town
of 26,000 inhabitants, is wholly " ignored " by the
Times ; it is literally " nowhere " in its schedules.
Has our contemporary forgotten a Mr. SMITH,
who delights to distinguish himself from SMITHS
in general by the prefixes, Right Honourable' and
ROBERT and VERNON ? We are sure Mr. SMITH

has not forgotten himself or Northampton either.
Or was it the unpardonable sin of the borough to
have returned the Radical Quaker, CIIAS. GILPIN,
as Mr. SMITH'S colleague ?
But to return to our own tables. Let the reader
observe the principle of classification—Density of
population. We have not taken, however, large
towns merely, but the whole county, generally
populous throughout, in which these towns or
cities are found. We have taken the county as a
county ; not pitted boroughs against counties, but
compared the two classes of counties with each
other. We have compared, not the popula-
tion of boroughs with that of counties, but
the population of the acres of one district

with that of the acres of another. It surely will
not be contended that land itself, irrespective of
what is on it, is entitled to votes or members of
Parliament. The population, therefore, subsisting
on the acres of one county, are its first and great
distinction from other counties. Where it takes
two acres and upwards to maintain one person, the
land would seem to be nearer a state of nature, and
to claim less regard from society than where the

same quantity of land supported double or ten times
that number. As there has been so much outcry
against giving the boroughs a larger proportion of
members than their aggregate population could
claim, we have avoided this ground of dispute
altogether, and we ask the representatives of the
counties only to apportion the members amongst
the counties in fair proportion to the population
supported by each.

But there is also the well-known test of property.
Members ought, it is said, to be proportionedalso•to
the propertyto be represented in thedifferent counties•
We do not object. We give the amount of property
also, and let it tell its own tale. We know of but
one other test—that of intelligence. We really
hardly thought it worth while to go to the Editor
of the Leeds Mercury for school statistics—no one
ever professed to doubt that the most populous
districts are the least educated.
What, then, are the broad results of this inquiry?
Why, that if we divide the counties by the line of
a population less and greater than two acres to an
individual, twelve fall on one side of that line and
forty on the other—that the population of the
twelve has increased from being a quarter of a
million less than that of the forty, to two millions
and more above them ; showing plainly that they
are the progressive and thriving counties. They
pay in income-tax £64,864,195, the forty counties
only £49,834,136. The same proportional results
accrue-with the assessed taxes. The twelve populous
counties pay £1,013,921; the forty thinly-peopled
counties but £912,629.

These results are corroborated by the annual
value of houses in each of the classes of counties.
This was, inlBls, in the 12 counties, L 10,459,789, in
the 40 but £4,435,341. But let the reader note the
increased value of houses in the two classes by
1851--the increase of value in the twelve counties
was eight millions more, than the total value of the
houses in the forty at that date. The figures in
1851 stood thus : annual value of houses in the
twelve counties, £28,669,814; in the forty counties,
£11,376,948.

A general 'corroboration of the state of things
indicated by these facts was furnished by the
Economist last Saturday. Our contemporary com-
pared the value of landed property and other pro.
perty in 1815 with their value in 1857—and with
what a result ! In 1815, the total amount was
£137,621,000, of which rents from land were
£39,405,000. In 1857 the total assessment was
£291,567,001, that of the land being £46,108,000.
Thus income from other sources than land has
increased in the time referred to from £98,116,000
to £153,946,000 ; or while, land has added not more
than seven or eight millions to its inc ome trade,
other sources have furnished nearly fifty-six
millions more. Even this comparison shows but
imperfectly the splendid advance of trade and coin-
meree since this department of profits stood at
thirty-seven millions in 1815, while, in 1857, it had
risen to £84,500,000. Do not these facts, from
quite another quarter, prove in which direction
property, and with it intelligence and power, are
rapidly flowing ?
Our readers will find in these tables the propor-
tion of members due to each class of counties ac-
cording to their population, their assessed taxes,
their income-tax, and also what the Reform Bill,
Mr. BRIGHT, and the Times respectively assign to
them. It will be seen that, on the ground of pro-
perty, the 12 busy counties could claim even more
members than on that of population! It will be
clear also, from the last table, that Mr. BRIGnT's
claims for them are as moderate as they well could

be. What his opponents will say we can hardly
conceive. It is plain that, taking their own ground
—as we do—namely, the claims of the counties,
taking intelligence—property—population—taking
what test you will, allcombined or each apart, will
give more members to these counties than Mr.
BRIGHT has given them.

The Honourable Members for Birmingham have
each of them undertaken to forward to the utmost
extent of their power the general interests of the
community in this newly-inaugurated session of the
Imperial
Legislature. Mr. BRIGHT can hardly
fail in any contingency materially to influence, by
the introduction of his scheme of Reform to the
notice of the House of Commons, the eventual cha-
cacter of the re-arrangement of the general represen-
tation. Whether the Honourable Gentleman's
proposition be received with favour or disfavour
within the walls of Parliament, it hardly admits of
p
any doubt whatever that the mere ventilation of
his own peculiar project will affect to a considerable
extent the ultimate decision arrived at by our
legislators in regard to a re-adjustment of the
electoral franchise and of the electoral districts—
in reference to the arch-problem of the Ballot---in
relation even, it may be, to the future duration of
Parliaments. The thoroughgoing champion of the
more advanced among the Reformers out-of-doors
is, at any rate, quite certain of commanding a
complete and searching discussion upon the views
he advocates. He is equally certain of being met
by extraordinary opposition. This would, indeed,
have been inevitable under any circumstances. It
is glaringly - rrow, when a false im-
pression has' "7 that the purpose latent in
his formiiii. .dies is realty one subversive of
the why , of the Constitution. Sup.

posing the suggestions of Mr. BRIGHT to
be carried out to the very uttermost, the result
could only be to widen the basis of the constitution

—to sink deeper and firmer yet in its rocky soil its
profound and solid foundations. The generality out
of doors recognise this in the adoption of the Ballot

—in a considerable extension of the franchise—in a
comprehensive revision of the whole distribution of -
the areas of representation generally throughout
the United Kingdom. A disingenuously deliberate
distortion of the entire scheme of Reform pro-
pounded by Mr. BRIGHT to file country at large,
through the medium of his speeches successively
delivered at Birmingham, at Manchester, at Edin-
burgh, and at Rochdale, has, however, in spite of
the stubborn facts presented to the public view in
his printed and published schedules, prepared for
the Honourable Gentleman, within the walls of the
House of Commons, a perverse, and resolute, and
(both in numbers and intensity) formidable opposi-

tion. There is little chance of Mr. BRIGHT finding
a willing audience in the Commons, beyond a very
narrow circle of sympathisers, including among
them the more staunch and thoroughly indepen-
dent advocates, of reform in the Legislature, men
like Mr. GIBsoN and Mr. ROEBUCK, Mr. Fox and
General THOMPSON. As the most brilliant orator
in the House of Commons—incontestably,
now that Mr. GLADSTONE is detained far
away from it in the lonian Islands,
in his temporary capacity as Lord High Commis-
sioner—Mr. BRIGHT is secure at least of having
an attentive audience, though he is as certain of
having an audience of anything rather than sym-
pathisers.
While one member for Birmingham awaits the
commencement of the Parliamentary session of
1859 with a tolerable certainty before him of having
his advice eagerly listened to, but not by any
means followed—his colleague, we do sincerely
trust, will find both an attentive and a willing
audience awaiting him in the Lower House of
Parliament. Mr. SCHOLEFIELD proposes, we all

know, this session to introduce a measure for the
suppression, if possible, certainly for the punish-
ment, of wholesale and retail adulteration. It is a
scheme of reform not quite so showy as that affect-
ing the whole system of our Parliamentary repre-
sentation, . but it is one, nevertheless —literally
—of still more vital importance. It is an improve-
ment only too notoriously requisite. It is a change
demanded in both a moral and sanitary point of
view—it is required at once for the amelioration of
the physical and commercial condition of the whole
community. The searching investigations made
into the monstrous evil referred to originally by
the Lancet commission, and subsequently by the
committee of inquiry appointed by the House of
Commons, and presided over from first to last by
the hon. gentleman the member for Birmingham
—have demonstrated, as clearly as anything could
possibly be demonstrated, the absolute necessity
of at once organising without any further delay
a system of punishment for the criminal traders
guilty of extending the widespread bane of whole-
sale and retail adulteration. Immediately upon

the eve of the 'commencement of this session, Dr.
ARTHUR HILL HASSALL-a name ever to be hon-
ourably associated with this humane movement for
the suppression of adulteration—submits' a cluster
of very pertinent and important suggestions to the
public, through the columns of the most distin-
guished and powerful of our contemporaries. Dr.
HASSALL, by a reference to the Gazette des Tribu-
naux, shows that here again, in the punishment of
traders found guilty of adulteration—"they
manage these things better in France." He cites
a variety of individual cases proving the fact that,
upon the other side of the channel, there are three

distinct kinds of punishment regularly awarded to

those found guilty of adulteration. Imprisonment
—fine—and, best of all, the publication, by means
of placards, of the name, and address, and trade,
and offence of each delinquent convicted of this
peculiarly despicable and criminal act of adultera-
tion. "It is this penalty," writes Dr. HASSALL,
in reference to the last-mentioned punishment,
•' It is this penalty chiefly which I wish to
see inflicted in this country for adulteration." So
say we. It is of all penalties the very one which
would be most dreaded by the adulterator. It is
the one which would most effectually lead to the
suppression of adulteration. Sincerely do we hope
to witness this session the final triumph of a move-
ment now happily committed to the humane and
energetic championship of Mr. SCHOLEFIELD.