The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-20 00:00:00

THE ARMY .

tinder the regulations which have recently come
Into operation for the reorganization of the Royal
Artillery, that branch of the service now consists of
11 batteries, comprising the Horse Brigade, and 16
batteries of the depot brigade. The entire force is,
for administrative purposes, divided into 16 bri-
gades, or separate divisions, each of which is under
the nominal command of a General officer, with the
title of Col.Commandait. The 16 brigades are sub- ,
divided into 149 batteries, each battery numbering
close upon 200 non-commissioned officers, and gun-
ners, the aggregate total consisting of about 28,900
men of all ranks, exclusive of officers. The follow-
ing is the numerical detail of the officers belonging
to the Royal Artillery on the effective list—viz., his
Royal Highness the General Commanding-in-Chief
colonel, one deputy-adjutant-general, two assistant-
adjutants-general, one inspector-general, 16 colonels-
commandant, 19 general officers, exclusive of the
colonels-commandant, 35 colonels, 70 lieutenant-
colonels, 161 captains, 169 second-captains, 431
lieutenants, 10 riding-masters, 19 paymasters, 27
quartermasters, four surgt ons-major, 21 surgeons,
78 assistant-surgeons, and 27 veterinary-surgeons,
giving a grand total of 29,992.
Yesterday, by direction of Major-General Eyre,
commanding at Chatham, 200 non-commissioned
officers and men selected from the Indian depots,
comprising the three battalions of infantry at that
garrison, were marched down to the Ordnance-
wharf, where they were instructed for some time
in embarking and disembarking on board one of
the vessels-of-war in harbour. The whole of the
troops at Chatham are to be duly instructed in this
exercise in order that the officers and men may
P°ssess a knowledge of embarking and disembark-
ing from sbips before being dispatched to India or
the colonies.

The extensive range of buildings which are
being erected at Sheerness by Mr. J. Naylor, the
Government contractor, are being completed with
the utmost dispatch, in order that the married
soldiers, for whom they are intended, may take
possession of them before the approachinc, winter.
The bock of building is constructed for the aecom
-
modation of SO families, each of whom will be pro-
vided with separate rooms, according to their rank
Lnd the number in family. The building will be
replete with every comfort and convenience, the
rooms being large and very lofty, and the great-
est care will be taken in their construction that
ample ventilation is obtained. The basement
apartments rest on beams laid transversely, at
some distance above, and unconnected with the
concrete foundations, which plan possesses an im-
portant advantage in allowing a current of air to cir-
culate through the whole of the lower rooms, be-
sides securing to the occupants an immunity from
clamp. As soon as these quarters are finished it is
intended to reconstruct the old married quarters,
and thereby considerably augment the existing bar-
rack accommodation at Sheerness.

The new depot barracks for recruits of the Royal
Marines is now in full operation at Walmer. A
library and school have just been formed. Each
married man of the establishment has a plot of land
allotted to him for cultivation. The present num-
ber of inmates, chiefly recruits from the three divi-
sions of Chatham, Portsmouth, and Woolwich, is
400, and as a proof of the advantages of removing
Yniing recruits from the temptations incident to
large. garrison towns, it is worthy of remark that
u_''dng the three months since this depot has been
u...P_qe u ed in co case has an inmate been charged be-
f`-'r an magistrate.
the Toewwn.insititute for soldiers has been opened at
plied
wititil
daily and
A reading room is 811?-
ments of an Y. and other papers, and refresh-
unzttoxicating nature are sold at cost
price. The -
is
°pet:
froulnte, which has been well patro-
nised,
until roll-call.
General. :;ir Rieha4r r•
vhol)acres, K.C.8., Comman-
dant of Woolwich
of
wadriistrict includes the
Royal Artillery station
down to the latter place, ace eY, yesterday went
inspected
elied by Brigade
Major Wilw ard, and in
troops and bar-
tacks.
Three circt tlar memoranda, dated the 6th and 7th
August, 1861 , received from the war-office, were
yesterday his: ied at Woolwich garrison
(Circular No. 701.)
t re Or War) having had
" The Secretary of 5-3-- under 04,,

sideration the position of military clerks employed in Royal
Engineer district offices, has approved of the following
alteration being made in Circular 321:—The restriction in
clause 5, that the third-class clerks only shall be employed
in engineer district offices, will be removed, and clerks of the
Ist and 2d classes may, with due authority be employed
therein. EDWARD LI:GARD."

" Victoria It.

(Circular No, 702.)

" Whereas we judged it expedient by our Royal Warrant
of the Ist of March, 1860, to allow well-conducted soldiers
to receive good-conduct pay after three years' service, in-
stead of after five years' service, as laid down in our Royal
Warrant of the Ist of July, 1848; our will and pleasure
now is that any soldier who may be awarded such good
conduct pay, under the provisions of our said warrant of the
Ist of March, 1860, and who may be permitted to obtain
his discharge from our army before the completion of his
service, shall not be allowed to do so upon more advan-
tageous terms in consequence of being in receipt of such
good-conduct pay than those granted under the provisions
of our previous warrant of the Ist of July, 1848.
" Given at our Court at St. James's this 30th day of
July, 1861, in the 25th year of our reign.
" By her Majesty's command,
" G. C. LEWIS."

(Circular No. 703.)—Foreign Stations.
" Sir,—l am directed by the Secretary of State for War
to inform you that, in consequence of the diversity which
exists at foreign stations in the mode of charging expendi-
ture on account of provost prisons and garrison cells, he has
decided that one uniform system shall in future be followed,
and that the Military Accountant shall pay and charge in
his accounts under the head of ' Military Prisons' all ex-
penses connected with these services, which will conse-
quently be altogether removed from the accounts of regi-
mental paymasters. The controller of army expenditure
should enter into all contracts for the supply of provisions
and stores required for the provost prisons, and this duty
will no longer devolve on the commanding officer at the
station. All articles should be provided and accounted for
in the manner laid down in Circular 493, 17th of October,
1859, and the accounts and vouchers, which are to be pre-
pared by the provost sergeants, should be certified by the
commanding officer.
" Where a strictly regimental system of imprisonment is
carried out in the barrack cells this new regulation will not
apply, but tho existing system of accounts should be fol-

lowed.
I am to request that you will give the necessary instruc•
tions for carrying out the new system from the commence
ment of the quarter succeeding the receipt of this circular.
"EDWARD LUGARD.
4, The General er other Officer Commanding."

211 E GREAT OUTFALL SEWER AT

BARKING.

The low lying district of the metropolis between
Stratford and Barking Creek at the present
moment is in the possession of some 1,500 navvies,
bricklayers, and masons, who are employed in
building up a sewer, by the side of which the great
cloaca of old Rome dwindles into insignificance.
This• sewer, or rather this treble line of sewers, for
they run three abreast, forms the last portion of the
gigantic system of the main drainage of London, for
the completion of which a sum of £3,000,000, raised
upon the security of local rates, is now being ex-
pended by the Metropolitan Board of Works. This
threefold sewer will carry to the Thames the whole
sewage of the three districts, into which, for the
purpose of drainage, the metropolitan area of 59
miles on the north side of the Thames has been di-
vided. Along the left one of these capacious brick
vaults—or iron tubes, where rivers and roads are to
be crossed—will flow all the contributions of the
thousands of smaller pipe drains and smaller sewers
which ramify through the northern and north-
western part of London, between Hampstead and
the River Lea. The middle tube will convey to the
Thames all the sewage that will be collected by a
monster brick tunnel nine feet in height, passing
from Kensal-green, under the Paddington-canal,
under the great Western Railway, along Oxford-
street, Regent-circus, Hatton-garden, Clerkenwell,
Shoreditch, and thence to Stratford. The right hand
one of this triplet of tunnels will carry from Strat-
ford to the Thames all the sewage that the low level
sewer, which is to commence at Chelsea, to pass
under the proposed Thames embankment, through
the City, the Minories, and Tower-hill, will bring
to Stratford, and which engines of 1,250-horse
power will pump up to the higher level of the great
ontfall sewers.

The work of constructing these giant sewers—far
more extensive than that of making a railway—has
been undertaken by Mr. Furness, for a sum of
£625,000 ; the length is 51 miles, so that the cost is
nearly £120,000 per mile. In its course the sewers
will cross streams and roads, pass under and over
railways, by bridges and tunnels. It already em-
ploys ten steam engiries and locomotives, and an
army of 1,500 workmen. We first meet this northern
outfall sewer attaching itself to two great sewers
lying side oy side above the ground, and through
which a man may ride on horseback. These are the
north and middle level sewers just referred to. Each
sewer keeps in its own independent course ; the
sewage of Hampstead does not mix with that from 1
Kensal or Tyburnia ; each keeps its line till it is
discharged into the Thames. Beneath these two
sewers are, however, two larger ones of thirteen
feet in height, which are to receive the storm over-
flow. The whole is an immense mass of brick work,
like four railway tunnels built in a bunch
together, supported at the sides by massive brick
piers or counterforts, and ;the whole covered like
some huge burrow with earth and turf to the
height of forty feet above the ground. These upper
sewers are to be continued over the River Lea by a
handsome lattice-girder bridge, the two sewers
being iron tubes, eighty-two feet in length, and
nine feet in diameter, resting upon three iron
girders. The arches of the bridge will be eleven
feet above the river, and there will be a roadway
over the top of the sewer. After crossing the Lea,
we next came to a stream called "The Water Works
Feeder," belonging to the East London Water
Works, where there is another bridge. Next comes
the Pudding Mill river, over which the sewer passes
by another bridge, with two side arches for the foot
and carriage way of the Marsh-gate-road. The
next obstacle to the progress of the work is the
Eastern Counties main line of railway, which, at
this point, runs on an embankment. The sewer
has just room, with one inch to spare, to pass
through this and under the lines of rails. A
certain height was to be maintained in going over
the River Lea, and it has very fortunately happened
to coincide exactly with the height of the railway
embankment. During the progress of the sewer
the rails will be supported en piles, and when
finished they will be carried by girders resting on
stone piers built on each side of the two sewers. The
upper part of the sewers will be covered by asphalte,
and made water tight, to prevent water coming
through from the railway. Next, the City Mills
river and then the Waterworks river are crossed by
bridges. We have now reached the Stratford main
road, the surface of which happens to be exactly that
of the lower part of the sewers. This involves the
necessity of raising the road 10 feet by a series
of 40 arches-20 on each side. The two sewers
will, however, expand into four at this point for
the purpose of obtaining a reduction in their
height. Instead of two sewers of nine feet in
height, there will be four of six feet, the sewage
being divided by cutwaters into four streams. The
water mains of the Stratford-road will pass in a
covered way five feet in height beneath the sewers,
and in case of repairs or alterations being require d
to those water-mains the men will be able to get at
them in the covered way without disturbing the
sreowade,rs.
the A shortfour lin
edistanceof beyondwers
h become
St
ee t
woraatogfard-
in,
until, at about 200 yards, they reach a meadow of
about five acres, near the Abbey Mills, where will
Fberotmhe pthiusmppoiginnt stationi
pf ol
er tl hi
ne Ie
oo l
fw
brick
kl sewersewers,
commences. Up to this point the line
has been only double all, however, above
ground, nine feet in height, and in appear-
ance something of the form of a horse shoe.
Albany , Creek and Channel Sea River are
crossed by bridges. The North Woolwich Rail-
way is crossed by a bridge, and as it is intended to
form a junction between that line and the Tilbury
and Southend line of railway, a second bridge is
provided for that branch. At this point it was
necessary to lower the rail way three feet in order
i to give sufficient headway for the engines, for these
sewers, unlike railways, are most unaccommodating
in their course. The Tilbury line is next crossed
over, and the railway is lowered two feet. There
is then a level run of about a mile in length until
Plaistow is reached. There Belem-street is raised
above the sewer. On this level run the works are
constructed above the ground upon a bed of thick
concrete. The ground here is of a peaty nature,
and it is necessary to excavate to a depth of 15 or
16 feet in order to reach the gravel ; and the whole
of the earth removed is replaced by concrete. Near
Plaistow this concrete is carried to the height of
about twenty feet above the surface, and upon this
embankment the sewers are to be built. They will
be covered with concrete, and over this again earth
will be placed, having the appearance, when finished,
of a railway carried along at a very great elevae
tion, the sides sloping at an angle of 2to 1. The
sides and top, especially the southern slopes, may
make a line of nearly two miles of splendid straw-
berry beds. Beyond this embankment, and for the
remainder of the distance to the Thames, the
sewer will be carried upon arches. The great depth
of the peat would make it very expensive to remove
it entirely, and it is therefore only excavated in such
places as will admit of brick piers being erected
to carry the arches. There will be 340 of these
arches, each of 20 feet span, the whole length of
this extraordinary work being about one mile and