The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-18 00:00:00

THIS DAY'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, Sept. 18.—Wind this day at noon—North-
Westerly ; moderate breeze and fine weather, but cloudy
in the morning.
FALMOUTH, Sept. 17.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Return,
from Ilavannah.

DUBLIN, Sept. 17.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Arbitration,
'or iramichi.

KINGROAD, Sept. 17.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Ann
Eliza, from Halifax.

CLYDE, Sept. 16.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—City of Nan-
kin, from Calcutta.

PORTSMOUTH, Sept. 16.—Wind N.N.W.—Arrived—
Mary Savoyer, from Wilmington; Star of India, from
Dundee for Bombay.

CARDIFF, Sept. 16.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Ammerland,
for Shanghai; Athos, for Pernambuco; Calmuok, for New
York.
NEWPORT, Sept. 17.—Wind N.N.E.—Sailed—Lucie,
Christopher, Rosine, Cyclope, Sneculant, and Barney, for
St. Thomas's.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning.
Arrived—Edward Jones, from Waterford ; Atalanta,
steamer, from Jersey ; Lady Constance, from Sunderland.
Sailed—Firefly, steamer, for Cardiff.

(BY SUBMARINE AND MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Wednesday Morning.

Arrived, Sept. 17—Anna Adamson, from Moulmein;
Orwell, from Melbourne ; Constance, from Barbados ; Carl
Frederick, from Dantsic ; Hohenzollen, from Cronstadt;
St. Johannes, from Sundswall; Syren, from Thintsic ;
Fortuna. from Malmo ; Ocean Child, from Cronstadt ;
Nina, from St. Anna ; Aurora, from Nevis ; Homer, from
Lagos; Gefron, from Sundswall; lack Eagle, from Pug-
wash; Emilie from Archangel; Hendrick, from Freda-
rickstadt ; Sir Chas. Forbes, from Montreal ; Luzon, from
Cardena ; Mary Stewart, from Biorneborg ; Perseverance,
from Medcrablick ; Flora, from Kongelf; Sarah Claudina,
from Riga ; G. B. Lamas, from New York ; Victoria, from
Onega ; Johanna, from Riga ; Queen, from Boulogne.
Milli, Wednesday Morning.
Passed—Ann. of Middleborough, from the Mediter-
ranean, for London ; Florida, ship, from Hartlepool, for
Genoa.

Aneckheden, from the Baltic, for Rochester, blown in
the North Sea, and landed pilot.
Sailed—The homeward bound, for their destination.

COURSE OF EXCHANGE...—YESTERDAY.
,knasterdam
Ditto
Rotterdam — 12
af 12 it

25 .741

25 72i
13 10t
25 45
25 75
25 75
119 k
14 5
15
33k

481
481
25 87/
25 85
25 85

SERIOUS _INCREASE OF INFANTILE
11101UALITY IN _LONDON.

At a meeting of the representative vestry of the
parish of Paddington, which was held yesterday
morning in the Vestry-Hall, Paddington-green,
under the presidency of Lieut.-Col. Worthy, special
attention was called by Dr. J. B. Sanderson, the
medical officer of health, in a report to be printed
and circulated by the board, to the enormous
contingent which this parish had contributed an-
nually durin‘,._, the past five years to the general
infancy.
To of deaths by the mortality of early
To prove this he exhibited a table which illustrated
it in a striking manner. It showed that out of no
less than 733 infants under three months of age
that had died in Paddington an equal number had
lost their lives from violence as from small-pox,
measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, erysipelas, and
fever, put together, making 5.6 per cent. of the
total mortality under that age (exclusive of 40 other
deaths from doubtful causes), which constituted
12.1 per cent. of the total mortality of the parish.
Only a small number of these fell victims to the so-
called diseases of infancy, comparatively few even
of diarrhcea, but another large proportion of com-
plaints which, he asserted, might be best grouped
together, as being all of them dependent on impaired
or disordered nutrition, determined mainly, even in
this somewhat aristocratic parish, by overcrowding.
The learned doctor then proceeded to illustrate, by
facts already published, the pernicious influence
exercised by overcrowded dwellings in the first
few months of infantile life, and he thought the
most striking was one set forth by Mr. Simon, who
stated that in 17,650 children born in the Dublin
Lying-in-Hospital, when the hospital was unveil-.
tilated, 2,944 (17.0 per cent.) died within the first
fortnight of their life ; by far the greater number
of these deaths being preceded by convulsions ;
among 16,654 infants born after the wards had been
ventilated only 286 died (1.7 per cent.), so that the
general mortality had been reduced to one-tenth of
what it was, and the mortality under one special
head, that of convulsions, to 1.68. He (Dr. Sander-
son) said in London the air of the dwellings of the
poor was subject to contamination of this kind, not
only b. y overcrowding, strictly so called, but by the ex
hal ations from the lungs and skin of animals. Thou-
sands of familieslived in rooms over stables,a practice
which he contended to be a vely fruitful source of
infantile disease. Dr. Gairdner, of Edinburgh, had
concluded, from a large statistical inquiry, that the
variations of infantile mortality could not be
accounted for, either by destitution or by the preva-
lence of local conditions unfavourable to health; and
that in the metropolis it was not only the over-
crowded districts of the east which were fatal to
children, but that in St. George's, Hanover-square,
which until recently enjoyed the lowest general
death rate in London, the infantile death rate was
enormous—higher than that of the Strand district
or Stepney, and about equal to those of Shoreditch,
Bermondsey, and Lambeth. In explanation of so
surprising a result, he (Dr. Sanderson) suggested
that a large proportion of the poor of the western dis-
tricts inhabited stable dwellings, and were therefore
subject to the diseases arising therefrom ; but
on the other hand, he considered the inhabitants of
the west-end houses were more:favourably circum-
stanced than those of the courts and alleys of the
older districts, not only as regarded general drainage
and airiness, but in the absence of those evils which
resulted from destitution. In addition to those
evils he thought the infantile population was sub-
ject to other causes of unhealthiness, rather moral
than physical, and the large number of instances
that stood in the register as the causes of death, and
besides these the numerous cases of infanticide for
which no motive could be ascertained, and probably
none existed except recklessness—all strengthened
the suspicion suggested by Mr. Gairdner's statis-
tical inquiry, or, at all events, they pointed to the
existence of evils much deeper than those of over-
crowding and bad drainage.

TITHES LEVIED ON THIEVES.—The arrest of a
numerous band of thieves in Pais has led to the discovery
of a new category of malefactors, who contrive to lead a free
and easy life by levying a kind of black mail on thieves and
swindlers. These men, who are called fileurB, and always
go well dressed, are perfectly familiar with the habits and
slang of the various categories of malefactors. Their mode
of proceeding is to watch any thief or swindler whom they
see about to exercise his craft, and as soon as he has suc-
ceeded in his attempt, to demand a share to the amount of

15 per cent., under threat of delivering him up to the police.
The thieves for some time strove hard to get rid of these
parasites, who lived in clover at their expense, and without
incurring any great risk. Several of them have, however,
just been arrested, in consequence of disclosures made by
the band of thieves recently captured.

UNITED STATES GENERALS.--Major-Generals
M'Clellan, Fremont, and Hallock, who have been appointed
to that rank in the regular army, were all formerly officers
of the army—two of them, Generals M'Clellan and Hallock,
are West Point graduates, and were foremost in their class.
Gen. Fremont achieved a reputation for himself as a cavalry
officer upon the plains and in frequent engagements with
Indians. The four Major-Generals for volunteers are
Hunter, Dix, Banks, and Butler. Gen. Hunter is a gra-
duate of West Point, and was appointed from the regular
army. Gen. Dix has served in our army under Gen. Scott ;
while Generals Banks and Butler were appointed from civil
life, and have been universally approved. These Generals
have already made evident not only administrative but
military talent that has attracted to them the attention
of the nation. The brilliant administrative ability mani-
fested by General Banks, as Speaker of the House of Re-
presentatives and Governor of the State of Massachusetts,
was but an earnest of what is promised in his military
career. Brigadier-Generals Mansfield, M'Douall, Megs,
Anderson, Ripley, Rosencranz, and Thomas, are all gra-
duates of IN est Point, and were all distinguishe 1 in their
classes. Thirty-six of the 51 Brigadier-Generals appointed
are West Point graduates ; two others were officers of the
regular army, and still four others served with distinction
as volunteers in the Mexican war. There are only 12 of
the Brigadiers who have not had the advantage of either
military education or actual experience in the art of war.—
New York Herald.

FUNERAL OF THE LATE BEN CAUNT.—The remains
of the late Ben Caunt, of St. Martin's-lane, London, were
conveyed through Nottingham on Saturday last, on their
way to Hucknall Torkard churchyard, the birth-place and
burial place of Ben 'jaunt and his wife, who was a Miss
Butler. The funeral cortege on its arrival in Nottingham
proceeded up Wheeler-gate and across the Market-place,
on its way to Hucknall Torkard. The mourners consisted
of Mr. Caunt (deceased's only surviving son), Robt. Caunt
(Ben's brother), Miss Caunt (his daughter), and Miss But-
ler. Bendigo, ex-champion of England, with whom Caunt
had fought two battles, joined them at the station, an I ap-
peared much affected. Very large concourses of people
assembled to see the funeral (roughly estimated at 2,000).
The grave in which Ben's last remains were deposited is
next to that in which Mrs. Caunt, his late wife, was buried.
On Sunday, a sermon touching on the burial was preached
in the morning by the Rev. Mr. Jackson, and by the Rev.
Mr. Jackson, jun., in the afternoon. Mr. Caunt sad his
uncle attended both services. Caunt's death was by no
means a sudden one. On the contrary, he had been con-
fined to his bed for five days previous to his death. Nearly
six months ago, in a row in which he was compelled to in-
terfere, one of his knuckles was put out or splintered, and
from that time he gradually sank until the time of his
death.

A SAD CONCLUSION TO A LOVE STORY.—Charles
Ross, a young man who has been for some time keeper of a
salt store in Perth, was to have been married yesterday. H•
had been bred a gardener, and was above a year ago em-
ployed as such in a gentleman's place in the north of Eng..
land, where he contracted an intimacy with the laundress,
who is daughter to a gamekeeper near Wooler. After a
lengthened and seemingly affectionate correspondence, they
mutually agreed upon being married forthwith, and ac-
cordingly were proclaimed with that view in Perth on the
Ist instant. They met by arrangement in Edinburgh on
Friday last, when Charles's father, who usually. resides in
Prestonpans, and his sister, who is at service in Fife, and
was to act as bridesmaid, were requested to be present.
It would appear that the bride-elect being dissatisfied with
the proposal that she and Charles should content them-
selves with temporary quarters until they could find, or
justifiably rent, a house for themselves, upbraided her be-
trothed with bringing her away from her friends to a land
of strangers, and somewhat passionately refused to take
him for better for worse—tearing at the same time the pro-
clamation lines from his hands, that he might have no far-
ther claim, as she said, upon her. They, however, afterwards
appear to have so far made up matters, and left for Perth
in the course of the evening, with a view, as was thought,
to be married there, if the lodgings that had been pro-
vided, and other circumstances connected with the young
man's employment, met with his betrothed's satisfaction.
Such would seem not to have been the case, as Charles
wrote to his father, who is presently employed as a joiner
in town, that he was in a very miserable state of mind, and
all because of his own dear Anne, who would not listen to
reason. He added that he did not know what to do, or what
was to become of him ; but that wherever his body was found
there would he a note in his pocket containing his address
in Perth. On Wednesday be appears to have so far changed
his mind; and, taking the train from Perth to Edinburgh,
wrote another brief note, while crossing from Burntisland,
to his father, saying that his body would likely be found
near Prestonpans, as he still was in a most miserable state
of mind, all because of his dearest Anne, whom he still very
heartily forgfive, and hoped that all his family would do so
too. Both notes were posted together to his father's tem-
porary address in Edinburgh. Meanwhile the young man
took the afternoon train to Frestonpans ; and on arriving
at his father's residence there, threw himself on the bed,
making some incoherent observations expressive of his ex •
treme grief at what had befallen him. Although a medical
man was sent for, who administered something in the hope of
securing relief, poor Charles died within less than an hour—
under strong suspicions of having taken opium or laudanum_
to excess, begging with almost his last intelligible 14 2_1;11';
that his sister should wear the ring that was meant '"
Rune,—Ninblirgla Courant,

STATUS OF SCOTTISH BISHOPS 1I
LNGLAND.

Dr. Travers Twiss, vicar-general of the province
of Canterbury, and judge of the Consistory Court of
the diocese of London, has just
given an important
opinion as affecting the position of bishops of the
Episcopal Church of Scotland in this country. For
some time past Dr. Trower, who was consecrated
Bishop of Glasgow in 1848, but resigned that ap-
pointment in 1859, and some months ago was ap-
pointed to the sub-deanery of Exeter Cathedral—
has been exercising episcopal functions in the dio-
cese—consecrating churches, confirming, &c. The
following points were submitted to Dr. Twiss-1.
Whether an English bishop
can lawfully appoint,
as his coadjutor, a bishop of the Scottish Episcopal
Church to perform episcopal and spiritual functions
in England, as to consecrate churches and hold con-
firmations? Whether, under the 60th canon of the
English Church, power to confirm can be delegated
at all ? Must not the rite be performed personally
by the bishop of the diocese in which the confirma-
tion is held, or by his suffragan lawfully appointed P
Or is there any statutable provision enabling him
to delegate that function or to appoint a coadjutor
for any spiritual purpose ? 3. Especially, does the
restricted power to officiate in English churches,
given to bishops and presbyters of the Episcopal
Church in Scotland by the Act of 3d and
4th Victoria, c. 33, extend to the performance
of episcopal functions at all ? The permissive
words, applying alike to bishops and priests,
are—" To perform Divine service and preach
and administer the sacraments." Are not these
words satisfied by the performance of priestly as
distinct from episcopal functions ? And must not
the terms " Divine Service" and " Sacraments" as
used in the act, be construed to answer to the
Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the
Sacraments, "excluding other rites and ceremonies
of the Church, and the form or manner of making,
ordaining," &c., which is the full title of our Eng-
lish Service-book ? If the enabling words of this
act can be construed to extend to confirmation, why
not to ordination also? Would not a Scottish
bishop be subject to the penalty of £5O under the
section 5 of the act for holding a confirmation or
performing any episcopal functions? 4. Would a
clergyman, declining to present candidates for con-
firmation, when a Scotch bishop is delegated to per-
form the rite, be liable to ecclesiastical censure for
canonical disobedience ? That England is very
jealous of recognising Scotch episcopacy is apparent
from the statute-book, and no marvel considering
its early history. See 10th Anne, c. 7 ; 21st George
IL, c. 34 ; and 32d George 111., c. 63 ; besides 3d
and 4th Vic., c. 33, already specially referred to.
It is observable, moreover, that in the statutes deal-
ing with the discharge f episcopal functions in
England the legislature is careful to use express and
distinct terms. See 26th George 111., c. 84, sec. 3 ;
6th and '7th Viet., c. 62 ; 15th and 16th Vict., c. 52.
Dr. Twiss replies as follows :—" 1. I am of opinion
that a bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church can-
not be lawfully appointed coadjutor of a bishop of the
United Church of England and Ireland. 2. I am
of opinion that a bishop of the united church of
England and Ireland may commission another bishop
who is not disqualified by the law of the land to
hold confirmations within his diocese, notwith-
standing anything in the 60th canon. lam of opi-
nion that the power given to bishops and priests of
the episcopal church of Scotland under 3d and 4th
Vic., c. 33, to perform Divine Service and to
preach and administer the sacraments, does not
extend to the exercise of episcopal functions in an
English diocese. I think that a Scotch bishop exer-
cising episcopal functions in an English diocese
would be subject to the penalty imposed by 3d and
4th Vict., c. 33, sec. 5. I think a minister of the
Church of England would not be liable to ecclesias-
tical censure lot canonical disobedience if he were
to omit to present any candidates for confirmation
by a Scotch bishop under the circumstances stated."