The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-26 00:00:00

(Entered at Stationers' Hall.)

k ..13,11. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD :
NERVOUS
ESSAY ON SPERMATORRME
"ERVOIJS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
lat Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
n a sealed envelope, price is., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sentAP„,St Paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps,
131.‘111 0 dD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
tor
e —A
-TITRE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
CuaTrfect A Restoration to Health and igour.
bermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.By Dr. J. L.
INTRA, CONTENTS:
Etructu,;,-,4ICTORY CITAPTER on the Physiological
CIIA.P.,nd Functions of the Reproductive Organs. t
arty IL—Causes of Spermatorrlicea and Impo enoe,
Clfkg°,lls Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
°t Marri 'lt 111 Review of the various Disqualifications
Follies4,9:e; whether resulting from Youthful ?Ouse, the
chAV aturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
Goncrrho,r.ll3tB IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of
The and Syphilis.
Lotion-
ases, to°ok concludes with numerous varied and interesting
'which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive

"Curtis REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
v.3l,o4l4arbechi
no % Aelhaannhdoos
od Manhood.—This sg.
and old." otlrdu.lx—va"isuunabldeawy
Tot,
eas,n,d,
"Thtt , 1856
littl w au, thor has conferred a great boon by publishing this
whiceh er in which is described the source of those diseases
old agel3l;oduce decline in you or more frequently premature
Th. "Daily Telegraph," March 27, 185 g.
„fe,.'l.s work, which for twenty years has stood the test of 'mai criticism and empiri.2al hostility, treats in a plain
)4thisiog manner on the various disqualific.ations
‘diments arising from nervous excitement and de
d to invalids suffering from othful errors and
it wil' be found valuable and usefyul.o "—Record.
Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, ,Pater-
noster-row; Mann. 29, Cornhill.
‘"94814t4t1012-10 to 3 and 0 to 8; Su,udam.lo till 2.

a. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
THE PANTHEON.
L)R. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo-
thecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
Above, on all oases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
)f both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive indul-
. encest

Has Just published, pnoe 18. ; by post, 18 stamps.
18 sealed,
No. 4,
An entire new and original Work, entitled
OURSELVES.
ynopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation
—The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure.
'so, an Exposition of. and Remedy for. all 'Urinary Derange-
ments and Marital Disqualifications,
MALE.
The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blonnorrhagia
Gonorrhcca), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of
'he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, &a..
FEMALE.
The Physiology and Anatomy of Women--Functional Ir-
re.plaritles in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage—
Their Expectancies and Disappointments—Tbm Cause and
Removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta-
tion—Use of the Speculum. Also,
HEALTH, ELAPPINESS
D,
No. 1.
On Debility, Nervousness, ysandsi pepa, g LONGEVITY
and Indi ;estion,
'LOVE AND MARRIAGE :
Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ;
nd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off-
pring secured.: Love

No. 3.
THE CASE BOOK:
100 Cases of SPERISIATORREREA,
Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessione and
Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &c. &c. &c.
To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhili ; and the Authors.
Advice to the Working Classes fee Half-a-Guinea.
(SPECIAL NOTICA)
Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi-
tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as
OM).

After a short time some passengers in the first-
class carriages procured lights from the roofs, and
proceeded to render every assistance in their power.
The extent of the fearful catastrophe then became
apparent. The engine of the Parliamentary train
had smashed the last carriage in the excursion train,
which had mixed compartments for luggage at one
end, passenger seats in the middle, and a guard's
break at the other end. The locomotive had been
pitched over the last carriage to the back of the last
carriage but one, and shivered it into fragments.
This carriage comprised four compartments, each
containing 10 persons, and the consequences cannot
be adequately described ; the unhappy passengers
were scattered and mutilated in all directions,
several were scalded with the boiling water from
the engine, and their yells of agony were pitiable
in the extreme. The telegraph was immediately
set to work, communicating the terrible nature of
the calamity to Brighton. As speedily as possible
Mr. Hawkins, the traffic manager, Mr. Denvil, his
assistant, Mr. Craven, superintendent of the locomo-
tive department, with a numerous body of workmen
and others proceeded by special engine to the spot.
They were accompanied by Dr. Burrell, Dr. Hall,
Messrs. Furrier, Pocock, Tatham, Jowers, Judd, and
other eminent medical men, in order to alleviate as
far as possible the sufferings of the wounded. Un-
fortunately, in too many cases, all medical aid was
unavailing. Upon the fragments of the carriages
being removed upwards of 20 persons were found to
be dead. The engine (as our reporter was informed)
had literally sunk upon the second carriage, and the
bodies of several of the sufferers were underneath.
They had either been smashed or scalded to death.
One unfortunate woman had both her legs cut off
just above the knees, and she was quite black in the
face. Another woman had her scalp torn completely
off and both her arms broken. One man had his
face crushed in such a manner as to force his eye-
balls from his head. A strong body of men, under
the direction of Mr. Craven, proceeded to clear the
line, which was comparatively uninjured. Mr.
Hawkins despatched the uninjured part of the train
to London.

The bodies of the dead, 22 in number, were care-
fully placed in carriages which had followed the
t,pecial engine from Brighton, and the wounded re-
ceived the most careful and unremitting attention
from the medical gentlemen who were in attandance.
As soon as possible the wounded, the dying, and
the dead were conveyed to Brighton, where the un-
happy sufferers who have died were placed on tables
and forms in the library at the company's offices to
await identification. The wounded were taken in
carriages and flys to the Susses County Hospital,
where Mr. Furner, who accompanied them from
the scene of the disaster, attended to their necessi-
ties, assisted by Messrs. Holliss, Catts, Lowdell,
Blaker, and other medical gentlemen. Nine of the
passengers had been taken into the hospital, and
two of the cases were at once seen to require sur-
gical operations. In one instance, a man named
Anthony Kean, a tailor, who resided at 54, Cos-
y; ell-road, London, had his left leg amputated, and
William Arnold, of New England Farm, near
Brighton, had his right leg amputated, the left leg
being fractured. Kean was stated to be sinking,
the state of the femoral artery rendering recovery
scarcely possible. Of the other patients at the
Hospital, Thomas Noble, of No. 5, 'Richardson-
street, Bermondsey, had a severe wound on the
right temple; George Noble, of No. 8, Frederick's-
place, Brighton, several severe wounds on the head;
Timothy Tester, of 15, Frederick's-place, Brighton,
several bruises; a child about two and a-half years
old, name unknown (supposed to be a child of one
of the deceased), severe scalds; Thomas Parker,
26, Brunswick-place, Brighton, severe injury to the
knee and right arm; Elizabeth Westcott, a leg
broken in two places, and her daughter, contusions
on both sides, and also some scalds on her legs.
Besides the above, other wounded persons were

The intelligence of the accident first reached
the metropolis when the uninjured portion of the
train arrived at London-bridge. About 30 pas-
sengers came up by this means, several of whom
had sustained injuries more or less severe. The
news soon circulated, and throughout the day
many anxious inquiries were made at the ter-
minus. It is du.) to the officials of the f)olipany
to state that they did everything in their power
to satisfy the doubts of all who made appli-
cation to them. Mr. Anscombe, the superin-
tendant, frequently telegraphed to Brighten for the
names of those killed and wounded, and supplied
all other information within his reach. Lest night
towards the time the excursion trains were expected
to return, the crowd was very great at the station,
and knots of persons listened with painful interest
to the details supplied by eye-witnesses of the acci-
dent, and by others who had gathered theparticu-
lars during their visit to Brighton. Mr. F Slight,
tie secretary of the company, arrived at the Euston
station from Yorkshire last evening at ( o'clock,
and was met by a telegram conveying an intimation
of the dreadful occurrence. He repaired toLondon-
bridge as rapidly as possible, and remained at the
station until a late hour last evening, rendering
valuable advice and information to the relatives and
friends of 1 hose who were known to be either killed
or wounded. A similar condition of thing) existed
during the day at the Victoria station.
A passenger who was in the train thus describes
the accident :—I noticed after we had proceeded a
short distance. into the tunnel that the speed of the
train slackened, and I think I heard the whistle
sounded, but of that lam not certain. I then saw
that we were getting towards the end of the tun-
nel. I imagined I heard another train coning up,
but before I had satisfied my mind upon he point
I was thrown off my seat. I then heaed fearfu
screams, and the steam of an engine hissing in a
terrific manner. IVhen I got out I saw HA a great
number of passengers were lying under tie engine,
which had jumped upon the carriage second from
the end of the train. The boiling water wis pouring
out over the people, and the steam prevented any
one seeing any distance. We all did who we could
to render assistance, but we could not a:COnaplish
much in consequence of the engine being en the top
of the people, and by reason of the hot eater and
steam. I came up to London by the train which
was sent off after the accident."

We take the following account from tht supple-
ment to the Brighton Herald ;
" Nerald-office, Sunday Evening, half-past 5.

" About half•past 9 o'clock this (Sunday) morn-
ing the intelligence was rectived at the Brighton
Railway station that a very serious' accident had
happened in the Clayton-tunnel to the two excur
sion trains which had shortly before left Brighton
for London.

" The painful news soon got abroad, and in a short

time the terminus gates in the Queen's-road and at
the top of Trafalgar-street were besieged by an
anxious crowd, eager to know the particulars and
learn the fate of friends or relatives, from whom,
probably, they had juet parted.
"To these anxious expec' ants a confirmation of
the report was brought by the non-arrival of the
usual down trains from London, and by the arrival,
between 10 and 11, of an engine, with one corpse
(that of a woman) and several wounded Passengers.
But for some time little was known beyond the fact
that the scene of the catastrophe was Clayton tun-
nel, and that its extent was of fearfui ma F,Pritude.
" Having proceeded to the spot, and teen fur-
nished by the railway authorities with Eqery ob-
tainable information, we will proceed to describe the
nature and cause of this most deplorable event.

" We may state at starting that Clayton tunnel
—the scene of the accident—is the second tunnel on
the main line out of Brighton and the longest on
the line. It is about five miles from Brighton.
" The first train to leave the Brighton station for
London on Sunday was the excursion train from
Portsmouth, whose time for leaving Brighton is a
quarter to eight o'clock. It left soon after that, and
in due course arrived at and entered the Clayton
tunnel. Very shortly after the Portsmouth train
had left Brighton it was followed by the regular
Brighton train to London, whose hour for starting
is half-past 8 o'clock. On this train approaching
the tunnel the signalman at the mouth of it says
that he looked behind and saw, to his horror, that
the signal (which ought to have intimated to the
Brighton train that the Portsmouth train was
in the tunnel) had not worked. He therefore
immediately exhibited a red, or danger, flag

But it was, of course, at the other or Brighton
end of the tunnel that the dreadful scene of suffer-
ing was presented. Here the first efforts of the
railway officials were directed to extricate the suf-
ferers and bring them to the open light of day. The
first to be brought out, under the direction of Dr.
Hall, was a lady, quite dead, whose body, fearfully
crushed, was taken out from under the engine. The
little child we have named, whose cries were heart-
rending, followed ; then Wm. Arnold, a gardener
in the employ of Mr. Pegg, of the Royal York
Hotel, with a compound fracture of both legs ; next
came a man named Tein, of 54, Goswell-road, also
with both his legs broken ; next a girl, with seve-
ral flesh woundS in the legs; and then a man with
his face severely cut, but not otherwise injured.
All these were put into a carriage and sent to the
Brighton station under the care of Dr. Hall, and
thence to the county Hospital, Dr. Hall returning
to the place of accident.

Here, in the meantime, a great number of per-
sons had assembled, both on the hills above the
deep cutting and in the cutting and tunnel itself,
out of .which momentarily objects were brought
which harrowed the feelings of all ; bodies fearfully
mutilated and blackened by the pressure; and liv-
ing sufferers, but whose:condition in some cases was
more to be pitied than that of the actually dead.
Into this scene, from which many had to retreat,
unable to bear it, we will not go further. :An idea
of it may be gathered from the fact that the num-
ber of killed in this most calamitous accident is
known, at the moment we write, to be 22 ; and the
number of injured is not, perhaps, under 100. But
these latter it is impossible to compute ; they
covered the platform at Hassock's•gate, and were
continually arriving at Brighton.

After a time the engine and the first portion of
the first Brighton train went on to London with
such of the passengers as had escaped.
We do not hear that the passengers of the second
Brighton train suffered much injury. The engine
driver and stoker escaped by jumping off, and the
shock of the collision was of course much broken
by the engine itself running over the last carriages
of the first Brighton train. It needed all the efforts
of the railway men, with ropes, &c., to remove this
engine, which, strange to say, had not fallen over.
The carriages on which it fell were of course smashed
to atoms, and their fragments were merely bits of
wood, &c., but the carriages attached to this engine
were not so much damaged, and some were imme-
diately sent back to Brighton with the wounded.
A passenger in the front part of the first Brighton
train describes his experience in this way :

" We had got a considerable distance into the
tunnel when the train gradually stopped as if it
had come to a station. Our impression was, but of
course we knew nothing about it, that the engine
had broken down from its strength being over-
tasked, or that the coupling chains had broken, and
it had become detached from the carriages. This
did not occasion us any particular alarm—the feeling
was rather one of annoyance. But we had not been
in the darkness of the tunnel more than a few
minutes when we heard a whistle as of another
train approaching, and before we had time to think
of the consequences there was a shock and a sm ash.
It was instantaneous. I was knocked forward
against the man opposite me, but not so violently
as to cause either of us any injury. But then, you
see, NI e were in the fore part of the train, about a
dozen carriages from the engine ; and I dare say
the train was nearly 30 carriages long.
" The scene that followed I have no power to

'We shall get by and by to a strange model of a
man-of-war. Hitherto, notwithstanding all the
modern inventions, there has been no great devia-
tion from the old conventional type. A line of battle
ship has still its masts and sails, its towering hull,
its checkered broadside, and its tiers of guns. Ex-
cepting in length and power, there is no great dif-
ference between the Duke of \Veliington and the old
Victory. Even the Warrior, the latest specimen of
all, simply looks like a larger frigate than was ever
seen before, and the visitor, indeed, feels inclined to
wonder that so entirely new -a design should retain
so very much of the old form. Now, however, a real
change seems impending. If the experiments re-
cently conducted at Portsmouth should be sustained
in their results by further trials, the old bulwarks
of Britain will disappear from the seas, and give
place to fabrics of unprecedented shape. Our men-
of-war will hardly be visible on the surface of the
water. A first-rate, instead of frowning in strength
and majesty, will lie almost invisibly upon the
sea, cleaving the waves without sails or spars, and
scarcely distinguishable in the distance from a sea
serpent or a bank of seaweed. This is what we shall
elm° to if the new principle of defence can be esta-
blished, and the result seems by no means improbable.
It is some time since the theory of a sloping or
" angulated" target was first broached, and the idea
indeed, though new in its present application, is
based on a principle which has always been under-
stood. If a shield of any kind is struck at an angle,
or on a slant, the sword or bullet glances off, and
the force of the blow is destroyed. Targets in all
times have been "sloped" accordingly. Shields
were made convex, either tapering to a point in the
centre, or rounded off at the sides in the form of
semi cylinders. Cuirasses took the same form,
sloping away from the middle like the breast of a
fowl, so that no shot could strike full upon the plate.
It is this obvious principle which is illustrated in
the scheme of ships' armour devised by Mr. Jones.
The armour itself is of the ordinary character,
consisting of iron plates fixed upon a stout timber
backing, but, instead of being placed vertically,
so as to present an upright wall of metal, it is
placed at an angle, so that a sloped fan only is
seen, like the slant of a parapet. This was the de-
vice which was tested on Wednesday last. A tar-
get which had already been practised upon in
previous experiments was stripped of its old plates,
to receive the plaes prepared by Mr. Jones. It,
had originally been 13,', inches thick in the wood-
work, but an inch and a half of this was dubbed off
to fit the surface for the new plating, so that only
a foot of thickness remained. On this the fresh
plates were fixed, consisting of four iron slabs, two
being of 42 inches, :and two of 5,1. The target thus
completed was set up on the deck of an old Arctic
vessel, the Griper, i n such a way es to present a
slope of about 50 degrees, and was then towed out
to sea to be tried against the powers of an Arm-
strong gun.
It happened that everything was favourable to
the accuracy of the experiment. The gun was one
of the heaviest in use, throwing a bolt of 1101 b
the very kind of projectile which had smashed the
Shoeburyness butts into fragments. The firing took
place at 200 yards' distance, and the practice was
most perfect. The shots hit the target so truly that
if it could have been penetrated at all they must
have pierced it. Six bohs actually struck the ar-
mour within a space of 21 inches by. 12, and three
of these fell within an inch or two of the same
spot. Thus the critical test: of a succession of blows
at the same point was thoroughly applied, and it
does not seem, indeed, as if any shield could ever
have been battered with more tremendous force.
The effect produced however, was comparatively
insignificent. The last shot of all, though light-
ing just on the track of the others, and giving, "
it were, the last blow to the work, failed to pene-
trate the armour, and, as a general result, it
was found that, though no fewer than 16 shots
had been planted more closely together than
could ever be expected under ordinary conditions of
practice, the plates were not pierced nor was the
woodwork materially injured. The final shot, says
the report, fell " on Nos. 15 and 3, carrying away
the armour plates in irregular pieces between shots
15, 22, 3, 21, 11, 7, crushing the surface of the 12-
inch wooden backing, but not in any way breaking
through the same or damagingff the shell of the ves-
sel in the slightest degree.
Such results certainly seem to open a new system
of shipbuilding, for we do not see how it is possible
to qualify them or explain them away. The attack
had the fairest possible chance. The shots of the
most powerful piece of ordnance in use were deli-
vered one after another with extraordinary accu-
racy, and yet we are assured that they failed in
reaching the woodwork through the iron plating.
It follows, therefore, that if there should be no
other objection to Mr. Jones's principle, we have
found a way of making men-of-war shot-proof. It
deserves to be mentioned that the iron plates were
of-peculiarly good 'manufacture, and they appear
also to have hen set onto the woodwork in a judi-
cious fashion, but the essence of the device consists,
of course, in the slope or angle given to the face of
the armour. The next question, then, is whether
such a slope is compatible with the sea-going quali-
ties of a ship—whether a vessel built with sides fal-
ling in at an angle of 50 will answer in all other
respects as well as in her power of resistance to
shot. That is a point which we shal probably see
discussed: It has been said that such a vessel
would be washed over by the waves and drenched
like a half-sunk rock at high tide. It has also been
urged, and with obvious plausibility, that a high-
sided ship ranging alongside such a craft, and firing

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