The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, CONDO \T, THURSDAY LC V gNING, OCTOBER 3, 1861.

Commence at 8. Promenade, Is.
Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON.
To-morrow (Friday), the last CLASSICAL NIGHT.
(in Saturday next, the Last VOLUNTEER NIGHT, when
Beethoven's Battle Piece will be repeated.

•
On Monday next, Haydn's oratorio, THE CREATION
(the entire work).
Ou Wednesday next, for the Benefit of Miss Julia Woolf.

THEATRE•ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bactsione.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commenws with
FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY.
Atter which, a new Comedy, entitled THE SOFT SEX.
Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers,
Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, ite.
With PAUL PRY MARRIED AND SETTLED. Paul
Pry (in a new position), Mr. C. Mathews.
Le conclude with A KISS IN THE DARK.
Commence a 7.

ROYAL PRINCES S'S THEATRE.—
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
T lIIS EVENING, TRH: RENDEZVOUS.
Alter whii,h, a new and original comedy, in five acts, writ-
ten by John Brougham, entitled PLAYING WITH FIRE ;
characters by Mr. John Brougham (his sth appearance), Mr.
Ryder, Mr. H. Widdicombe, Mr. G. Jordan (of the principal
theatres of the United States, n his sce th appearan E
lan 1), Miss C. Lelciercq, and Mrs. Weston.i
With THE GARIBALDI EXCURSIONISTS.

R A L LYCEUM TREATRE.
Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer.
T lIIS EVENING, A MIDSUMMER'S EVE.
Alter which, at Eight o'clock, the new and success-
ift comedy of WOMAN; or, Love against the World.
Characters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin,
J. Robins, 'Mrs. Charles Yonnz, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray,
and Miss Lydia Thomson.

To conclude with AN UNPROTECTED FEMALE, in
which Miss Lydia Thompson will danee a New Volunteer
Quick Step.
Prices as usual. Doors open at hall-past 8, to commence at
7. Boa-office open daily from 11 till 5.

NEW THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.--•
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Open for the Winter Season.
VHIS EVENING. MUSIC HATE" CHARMS. Messrs.
b'isher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw.
After which (241st time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr.
4oucicault, D. Fisher, Billington, S. Emery, Stephenson,
C. J. Smith, Romer, HoWard. Ward ; Mrs. Bousicault, Miss
Wr °t or, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. H. Lewis.
Toconclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Messrs. Fisher,
Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7.

(lANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS,
AND FINE ARTS GALLERY.
Mr. SAM COWELL every evening' at Nine and a quarter
to Eleven.

Also, Grand Selections from

TROVATORE, TItAVIATA, NORMA, MARTHA, &c.,
By Miss Russell. Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, Signor Tivoli,
Mr. Morley, and a powerful Chorus.

The Comic department comprises Messrs. Harvey and
French, " The Nerves "—Mr. Marshall—Mr.Mood and his
talented Son—and Miss Harriet Coveney
Musical Director, Mr. Jong,hmans.
Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is.

T HE 0 X F ORD,
8, OXFORD-STREET.

EVERY EVENING.

A Grand Selection from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boo-
eane,erra" (now produced for the first time in this country),
by Miss Russell, Messrs. C. Greville, Tivoli, Greene, Morley,
and Herbert ; also from Verdi's "Macbeth," by Madame
Enderssohn and the entire Company. Full band and chorus.
Conductor. Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic Entertain-
ments by Harvey and French (The Nerves), Wood and his
Son, E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall, Bd. ; Balcony and
Stalls, is. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
DAY.—Morning, 12h. 30m.—Afternoon, lh. 10m.
To-moßßow.-Morning, lh. 30m.—Afternoon, lh. 50m.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER 3, 1861.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
63—highest since noon yesterday.
51—lowest this morning and duel:lig the night.
60—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.18; a sudden rise of nearly half an inch.
WlND—North-Westerly in the morning—now South-
Westerly—light; with very fine weather.

THE SUN.

LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 3, 1861.

There is of course much truth in this ; but it is not
truth, after all, honourable to the North, and least of
all to the PRESIDENT. Mr. FOSTER does not quite
correctly describe the state of the case in the words
we have italicised. Had he left out the word "ap-
peared," his remark would have been much nearer
the truth ; for the North we are sorry to say is not
anti-Slavery in the sense of caring for its
abolition at all. We mean of course, that the
vast majority in the North is not. The
North is much more anti-Negro than it is
anti-Slavery. It is notorious that among
a Christian people, where we ought to expect a
kindly interest in the welfare of a docile race
cruelly wronged by their forefathers, we find just
the reverse. A more grateful, manageable, teach-
able people than the Negroes does not exist, and
there is abundant room for them in the Free States;
yet they are despised, excluded, persecuted we
might justly say, in the most hard-hearted manner
and treated in all respects as Pariahs by the
Christian Brahmins of the North. No Northerner
will deny the general truth of this description ;
indeed, it has been almost doubted whether under
decent masters, the slave has not a pleasanter l‘t
in the South, than the Free Negro of the North,
whom white Freemen shun as a leper, even in the
house of God, and whom they eject from a railway
carriage even if a glove will conceal the only phy-
sical indications of African descent !

Oar strong impression is that, but for this
inhuman hardheartedness of the North, the war
would long ere now have been as openly for the
abolition of slavery as it is for the restoration of
the union. Every consideration, political and
military, demands it. Why then is it not so ?
Those who demand English sympathy for the
North, like Mrs. STOWE and Mr. FOSTER, insist on
it, that the war is in reality against slavery; then,
in the name of Truth, why not proclaim it to be
what it really is ? We are pleased to see that Mrs.
STOWE, in her second letter, does demand that
the banner of Emancipation be at once un-
furled. General FREMONT, and General BUTLER,
too, in his way, have shown their sense of
the value of abolition in a military point of view.
And, politically, does Mr. LINCOLN himself expect
that, if he could force the South back again, the
Free and the Slave States could ever unite in
harmonious co-operation. The old festering sore
would, no one doubts, break out soon as mischie-
vously as ever. There is no possibility of a lasting
Union, unless it be a Union of the Free. What
then prevents the declaration of Abolition by the
Federal Government—we reply, at the bottom, it
is the cruel negro-hatred of Northern men.

The North is averse to Slavery as an institution.
It sees that it is a social and a commercial blight
on the States which cherish it. It is determined,
therefore, to exclude it from those lands in the far
West, which it desires for the future possession of
its migratory freemen. It does not want to have
any of the yet unsettled territories blasted with
compulsory labour. But does the North desire
the abolition of Slavery where it now exists ?
We doubt it. It alleges the Constitution as a rea-
son for not wishing to overthrow the domestic
institutions of "Sovereign States." Is that a pre-
text, or a real reason ? In the great majority of
cases, we believe, it is the former. Mr. LINCOLN
himself, the most technical of the techni-
cal, has not hesitated to interfere with
the sovereign rights of Maryland, and, indeed,
of New York, too, so long as they were rights
which would not liberate a slave. Let the violation
of the Habeas Corpus Act suit his purpose, and it
is torn to shreds—let a bold general, for military
reasons, declare a traitor's negroes free, and forth.
with the President of the United States cries
" Hold !" From the beginning Mr. LINCOLN has
ostentatiously avowed his purpose to preserve sla-
very untouched in the South; and all the insults
of slaveholders to the National Flag ; all the blood
they have shed; all the money they have compelled
him to waste, have not diverted him from standing
by Southern slavery. It shakes his presidential
chair, yet he caresses it—it murders his subjects
and insults him openly, yet he literally fulfils the
precept—and, struck on the one cheek, he turns the
other also. No indignity, no injury, shall provoke
him to rail on slavery, or to return evil for evil.
He blesses those who curse him, and prays for those
who despitefully use him and persecute him.
But we have yet to learn that such meekness is
a _Ruler's virtue. The highest authority teaches far
otherwise ; and Mr. LINCOLN knows that there is a
wide difference indeed between meanness and
meekness. Not, assuredly, to any Christian con-
siderations is his mercy to slaveholders due. There
are those who have a real claim on his mercy—but
unhappily it is just there the evil begins. He abhors
the free negro as a citizen of the United States. In
this day's telegrams we have a proof of it. What
means the ominous paragraph " Several negroes in
full uniform, having entered Washington with a
New York Regiment, Mr. Secretary CAMERON had
prohibited coloured people from wearing the Federal
uniform"!!!

We recommend to the attention of our readers
an interesting letter on the cultivation of cotton in
Egypt, for which we are indebted to the Cotton
Supply Association. It was addressed by Mr. G. R.
HAYWOOD, secretary of the Association, during his
stay in Egypt, to the Viceroy of that country, and
details facts of great promise and importance. All
persons of any public spirit must be interested in
the cotton question now. The fate of negro slavery
hangs on our listening at the right time to the
warning that we must not trust to America again.
But of far more importance to us that a Lancashire
population, as large as that of the negroes of Ame-
rica, depends for its very bread on the spinning
and weaving of cotton.
India we have not overlooked, and never can.
But it will tax the resources of all cotton growing
countries to save four millions of Englishmen from
idleness and want; and we read, therefore, with
much gratification the report of Mr. HAYWOOD.
There appear to be all the elements for prompt
activity in Egypt. No want of conveyance in a
land, which is the valley through its whole length,
of a great navigable river; nothing but to grow,
clean, and pack the cotton. The land and climate
are all in its favour, the former abundant. The
obstacles are want of money, and want of know-
ledge. The knowledge has already begun to make
its way among the Fellahs. Already there are in
operation 600 or 700 MACARTHY gins worked
by steam power ; some of them belonging to enter-
prising Europeans, but others to the Pashas them-
selves ; and all very profitable to the proprietors.
Still there is much to do, three-fourths of the cotton
being still cleaned by the old process.
Money to extend the cultivation is the funda-
mental want, The fellahs are as poor as Indian
Ryots. They receive advances now at an interest
of about 60 or 70 per cent. per annum. The advance
appears nevertheless to be secure. It is proposed
that a cotton bank, or some other arrangement,
shall furnish the advance at 1 or 2 per cent. per
month, which would,
donbless, be a safe as well as
very profitable undertaking. The Viceroy is dis-
posed to render his most cordial and efficient aid ;
indeed, he has every inducement to do so. English
aid to cotton growing will tell very differently
on hir Exchequer to What French canal cut-
ting at Suez does, and may make up
for some of that great loss. There seems nothing
. wanting in Egypt now but English capital and
intelligence to obtain, at a short notice, a large
supply of cotton of very good quality, and doubt..
less capable of great improvement. We refer our
readers, however, to this unusually interesting and
hopeful communication. What is done shows what
can be done. And Egypt is a country with which
we can now converse by telegraph, and which our
ships can reach in a few days. In the great cotton
famine we must follow the example of the patri-
archs in the corn famine, and go down to the land
of the Pharaohs.

In a very able lecture at Bradford, last Tuesday
might, Mr. W. E ,FOSTER, the member, described
as very different the real object of the American
War, and that of the parties engaged in it. In the
beginning of his lecture he remarked that
it was a war "of int ense interest, because he con-
ceived that it was a. war to solve the problem
whether a
race of ciAtilized men in this age of the
world could, in Pettes,and safety, keep millions of

What will Englishmen think of this ? Natives
of America—as much as the white ; citizens, if we
remember rightly, in New York by law, this precious
President, in a war brought on by the wrongs of
negroes, will not allow a negro to join in defending
such liberty as he enjoys in the North. Surely,
if this be really, as is assented, a war against
y) of all men those of African descent
should join in the struggle. No, Mr.
LIN-
COLN, and far too many, do not want coloured
men in the North. They want the Slave States as
a negro sink, to retain in bonds lest they should
migrate northwards, the objects of their aversion.
That we believe to ba the true explanation of the
otherwise absurd civil and military policy of sup-
porting Southern slavery. Detestation of the
negro answers all the otherwise perplexing
enigmas of Presidential negro policy. There are
4,000,000 blacks which cannot well be killed off.
they might
wentprove
North inconvenient
er
w ee
citizens t
I f emancipated,
a n d
electors; t they
if
they would be a nuisance—so, let us take all pos-

ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE their fellow-beings in slavery." And towards the
CONCERTS.
THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. close, after showing how the Democrats who were
LAST WEEK BUT ONE. generally favourable to slavery were much more
The Programme this evening will consist of popular Vocal
and Instrumental Music, comprising Overtures, Quadrilles, favourable to the Union, and, therefore, joined the
Waltzes, Polkas, Marches, Galops,Songs, Solos, &a
Vocalists—Mdlle. PAREPA, Miss POOLE, and Miss S. Republicans after the attack on Fort Sumpter, he
COLE. proceeds—" Thus it was that the North and South

came to be arrayed one against the other; but there
was this difference, that whereas the South were
fighting avowedly for the right to perpetuate and
extend slavery, the avowed object of the North was
simply the preservation of the Union. There-
fore it was true that the South ap-
peared in the contest to be more pro-
slavery than did the North to be anti-slavery. But
in reality the North were fighting against
slavery as much as the South for it ; for if the South
succeeded they would establish a slave power such
as he had described; if they failed, slavery would
receive a blow from which it could not recover. So
that inasmuch as the attempt to limit slavery had
been the reason why the slaveholders had begun
the war—inasmuch as the continuance of slavery
depended upon the result of this war—he acknow-
ledged he wished success to the North so long as
the war lasted."

sible care that in putting down the slaveholder we
do not elevate his slave !

During more than half-a-year past a series of
remarkable papers, statistical and analytical, in
reference to the Trade and Population of France,
has appeared from month to month in the pages
of one of our popular magazines. The readers
of Bentley's Miscellany will at once recognise that
allusion is here made to the series penned by a
contributor signing himself (a name hitherto un-
known to us) FREDERICK MARSHALL—one evi-
dently well versed in the subject upon which he
has been so industriously discoursing. Altogether,
no doubt, these chapters upon French Trade and
the French population are little more pretentious
in themselves than—what they merely assume to
be—a very matter-of-fact compilation. But when
viewed simply in that character as a com-
pilation the series is still remarkable. It
is so thoroughly well digested through-
out—so luminous withal and so agreeably
perspicuous in its general arrangement. So far as
we have been able to test its accuracy, moreover, it
is a compilation so reliable in the correctness of its
details, that if but carefully revised upon its collec•
tive republication when completed, it may at once
take its place, we believe, as an authority upon our
bookshelves—one that may be referred to with con-
fidence, and cited with aplomb as an authority.
A happier opportunity could hardly have been
selected for the issue of statistics of this precise
kind, in reference especially to the Trade
of France, seeing that we are now entering in
real earnest upon more intimate mercantile rela-
tions than have been ever dreamt of hitherto, with
our neighbours across the channel. The commercial
Treaty between France and England opens up an
entirely novel future to both countries at this pre-
sent juncture—a future so novel both for France
and for England that it would be difficult even for
either Mr. COBDEN here, or for M. CHEVALIER
there, thoroughly and completely.to realise it. That
it will necessarily and inevitably be for the advan-
tage of both countries eventually, what man
amongst us is there who would have the hardihood
to deny ? At the same time, the most enlightened
champions of the great principles of Free Trade, whe-
ther looking into this " Future" from the northern
or from the southern shores of the British
Channel, whether it be Mr. COBDEN or Mr. BRIGHT
here in England, or whether it be yonder in France
M. MICHEL CHEVALIER, or M. BOIICHER DE
PERTHES of Abbeville—the most enlightened Free-
trader, whether of France or of England, will
admit at the same time, must perforce admit at
the same time, that there is a transition period that
has to be passed through upon all these occasions,
fraught as a matter of course with very great
anxiety. The change from the old, blundering,
purblind system of protective imposts to the free
and open daylight scheme of unrestricted:commerce,
is precisely one of those extraordinary transforma-
tions that brings with it in the first instance good
and evil together—and this good and evil more-
over in pretty equal proportions. In the long run,
it is not simply that the good superinduced pre-
ponderates over the evil—it is simply and literally
that it is all good. The result of the change proves
at last to be wholly beneficial. Those who insist

upon this as the one invariable result of the adop-
tion of Free-trade principles, cannot any longer be
accused—as they were once upon a time accused—
of labouring under a pleasant hallucination.
Events have clearly demonstrated the fact. We
see it around us in all directions. It is conspicuous
upon all hands, and. among all classes of our in-
dustrious community. Among our shipowners,
among our merehants and traders generally, and
—wonder of wonders !—among our agriculturists.
Why, the time was (and it was not so very
long ago either) when the notion of even
one good morsel of Free Trade, that affecting the
"Daily Bread" for which the Christian offers up
his perpetual petition to Heaven in the Lord's
Prayer—when the mere prospect of the abolition of
the Duty upon Corn gave rise immediately to all
sorts of dreadful prognostics, we might rather say
in fact to all kinds of lugubrious prophecies of the
utter bankruptcy of the agriculturists of England.
The rules of the Bench were to be haunted for years
and years to come with scarecrow representatives of
the once burly but thenceforth attenuated and ex-
piring genus of the British farmer. Instead of
which—it is the prophet and not the subject of the
prophecy who has disappeared. The British
farmer is here amongst us. hale and hearty as ever
—if possible more halo and more hearty than ever.
And it is only the old-world Protectionist who has
disappeared—taking rank henceforth with the
Dodo, that wonderful extinct creature, pronounced
facetiously by Blackwood, this mouth, " Doo-doo,”
and thus carolled in ridicule :
" Do-do 1 although we can't see him,
His picture is hung in the British Museum :
For the creature itself, we may judge what a loss it is,
When its claws and its bill are such great curiosities.
A. do• do ; a regular do I
Ornithologists all have been puzzled by you."
A lamentation precisely similar might undeniably
be sung over the memory of the poor extinct
genus of your genuine British Protection. Only,
of course, we must look for it elsewhere than in
the pages of Maya. However, there they are
dying out again on the opposite aide of the Chan-
nel, those wonderful Protectionists—this time
indigenous to France. And—as they always do—
they are dying hard. They have received their
exequatur or " Notice to Quit" from the Commercial
Treaty. And it is just at this transition period in
the History of the Trade of France and of the com-
mercial relations between France and England,
that a flood of light is opportunely poured upon

the annals of the former by the luminous researches
of the writer in Bentley's Miscellany, whose name
we have already particularized.

The last instalment of the series, the paper ap-
pearing in the current number of the Magazine for
October, has especial interest for us here in Eng-
land. It relates to " Iron," to the development of
the Iron Trade in France—a trade that has been

n existence for 300 or 400 years altogether ; and

,hat has nevertheless only really " developed" itself
.here during the last thirty-eight or forty years.

Throughout this seventh chapter the statistics given

by the writer in reference to the rise and expansion

of the Iron Trade in France will be found

eminently well-deserving of consideration. Perhaps

:he most interesting specimen of these statistics

,hat we could here excerpt by way of an exemplar

is the following : where the writer in Bentley

remarks—

The production of pigiron in France being

now (1859)
And its importation (calculated on the
rato of 1801)

.t follows that the whole a, nual con-
sumption reaches

The production of wrought iron is 520,099 tons
And its importation is at the rate of 31,93 i „

The annual consumption is therefore :555,033 ,!
The two items together form a total of 1,552,238 tons ;
the quantity exported, though not indicated in the customs
returns, ought to be exactly equal to that imported under
acquits a caution, which, as results from the figures given
above, is, for this year, at the rate of 51,906 tons of pig, and
33,480 tons of wrought iron, giving a total of 85,386 tons.
Deducting this figure from the whole quantity employed, it
follows that the annular interior consumption of France is
now at the rate of 1,466,652 tons. Now England produces,

or rather did produce before the present crisis in the trade,
about four millions of tons per annum, of which 1,500,000
tons were exported, leaving 2,500,000 tons for the needs of
the country. The whole real consumption of France does
not, therefore, quite equal t weight exported by Great
Britain, and it amounts to only three-fifths of the home
wants of the latter. As the present proportion of popula-
tion between the two countries is roughly as 6 to 5, it fol-
lows that the consumption per head in England is very
nearly double that of France.

Reasons are given towards the close of the paper,
however—reasons unhappily only too good and
too valid—why, according to the writer's view—
" if, hereafter, by a further reduction of duties, the
introduction of foreign iron [into France] should
become possible on a large scale . . . . it

will rather be the Belgians than the English who
will get the command of the market." Still—it is
the cause of Free Trade, we presume, that we are
striving to advance, even by the left-handed agency
of a Reciprocity Treaty.

LATEST NEWS.

FLORENCE, OCT. 3.

The Nazzone of to-day publishes a letter from
Rome, announcing that brigand expeditions were
in preparation at Civita Vecchia, Fiumicino, and
Porto d'Anzo.

The same letter states that it was reported that
similar expeditions would likewise set out from
Malta and Marseilles.

BELGRADE, OCT. 3.
Colonel Borowitzka, the Austrian Consul, having
shown disrespect to the Prince of Servia, at a ball,
the whole body of Servian officers have drawn lots,
in order to decide which of their number should
challenge the Consul to a duel.

ROME, OCT. 1:

The official Giornale di Roma of to-day announces
the following nominations to the post of Papal

Nuncio :

Monsignore Chigi, to Paris ; Monsignore Gonella,
to Munich ; and Monsignore Ledochowski, to

Brussels.

Monsignore Granall is appointed Provisional
Secretary to the Council, and Monsignore Falloux,
Regent of the Apostolic Chancery.

TURIN, OCT. 2.

The Opinione of to-day gives a denial to the re-
ports circulated by some Belgian papers relative to
an ultimatum for the settlement of the Roman
question, which they asserted had been sent by
Baron Ricasoli to the Pope. The Opinione also
denies that conferences had taken place between M.
de Nigra and 31. Thouvenel on this subject.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 3.

The Hamburg and American Company's steam
ship Hammonia, from New York on the 21st ult.
arrived off the Needles at 9.20 a.m.

The occasion was too important and exciting not
to bring crowds of people, electors and non-electors,
into the streets; but Count Zamoyski, Canon
Wyszynski, and Mr. Steicki, by exhorting them in
moderate and dignified language to be peaceful and
orderly, and assuring them that the councils would
do their duty, prevented any disturbance from
taking place. One of the great objects of the
patriots is to obtain the same privileges for Lithu-
ania and the Ruthenian (not Russian) provinces as
those given to the kingdom of Poland. As those
provinces formed, together with Galicia and Posen,
the Poland of 1772 as it existed before the parti-
tion, and their inhabitants are, in feeling and pa-
triotic spirit, as much Poles as those of the so-called
Kingdom," there can be no doubt as to the cor-
rectness of the view here taken, if justice and right
had any influence on the proceedings of the
Government. But it is known that these form
but very insignificant elements in the mo-
tives which guide its actions. Great surprise
is feigned at St. Petersburg at the many evidences
given by the Lithuanians of their sympathy with
the Polish movement and their desire to be re-
united to the kingdom ; the Government has found
it convenient to look upon these Poles as Russians,
and has actually gone so far as to ascribe the na-
tional movement in Lithuania to treachery on the
part of its minions. There is even a talk of re-
moving M. Nazimon, who has rendered him-
self hateful to all by his infamous conduct in
that province, although it appears he is not severe
and arbitrary enough to please his superiors. In
the other provinces, too, such as Podolia and the
Ukraine, the strongest patriotic feeling is shown ;
and so well is this known to the Government that
they have sent agents into those provinces to spread
a rumour of the formation of a Polish Legion on the
frontier of Moldavia, and thus draw some of the
most patriotic of the inhabitants into their toils.
They have only been too successful—some of the
finest of the Polish youth caught at the bait, and
on arriving at the frontier were seized by the police
and sent into the interior of Russia for deportation
to Siberia or the Caucasus. The Ruthenian pro-
vinces, whose inhabitants speak the Ruthenian lan-
guage, which must not be confounded with the
Russian, also show Polish tendencies, although their
religion (the Greek Catholic) has opened a wide door
for Russian intrigue among them. It will be seen,
therefore, that the desire of the patriots of
the kingdom to be united to these pro-
vinces is not so unreasonable as some enemies of
Poland endeavour to make out. Somo few enthu-
siasts were so hot in the cause of the union, that
they proposed to stop the elections until it was
accomplished; but this hasty and ill-considered.
advice was over-ruled by a great majority, and the
number of the electors that voted show that the
great body of the people were in favour of the more
sensible and practical course. The names of the in-
dividuals elected—e. g., Count Zamoyski, Canon
Wyszynski, Hirzpanski, General Lewinski, &c.—
show that the electors fully appreciated the impor-
tance of what they were doing, and saw the neces-
sity for choosing men who would give full effect to
their wishes and demands. It is evident that they
look upon the new so-called municipal councils as
a sort of national representation, whose duty it is
to become the organ of the people in all their de-
mands or complaints addressed to the Government ;
and the known character of many of their repre-
sentatives as men of unflinching integrity and
patriotism justifies the prevision that this new re-
presentation will be neither an inactive nor an

uninfluential one. The circumstance that in most
instances the election was almost unanimous, there
not being the slightest sign of opposition, proves
that the Poles were all actuated by the same mo-
tives and expectations in this matter. The only
sign of dissension was that above alluded to—a
small section of patriots wishing to stop the elec-
tions all together ; but when it was once settled

that the elections were to go on, there was no
question as to who was to be elected.
Among the first questions to be addressed
by the new councils to the Government are
the following :-1. Whether the state of siege is
still to continue ? 2. Whether the country is to
be given a national autonomy which shall embrace
all the Polish Provinces ? These questions Govern-
ment will, no doubt, find it hard to answer, backed
as they will be by the official expression of the

funanimous feeling of the whole country.
The arbitrary conduct of the military in this
country is most remarkable. The civil Government,
from General Lambert himself down to the chief
magistrate of a village, seems to be completely
paralysed when it comes in contact with the sol-
diers ; the zlisgracefal outrages committed by the
military dictators in the provinces are repeated
daily with sickening iteration, and it is in vain
that the Government is appealed to for redress.
This insolent arbitrariness of the troops is some-
times carried to the verge of absurdity. Thus, at
Ostrolenka, the elections, which were going on in
the most perfect order, were suddenly interrupted
by the Commandant, who dispersed the electors
and sent the ballot-boxes to Warsaw, on the pre-
text that the election was a" forbidden assemblage."
An important change has taken place in the
condition of the press there, which has hitherto
been subjected to a most rigorous censorship. The
Gazeta Rzadowa (Government Gazette), which
was formerly published in Russian and Polish, is
new to be called Dziennik, Powszechny (Universal
Journal) and published in Polish only, with the
exception of the ukases of the Czar, which will
appear in both languages, as heretofore. It is also

to contain educational articles, in addition to the
usual official Governmental articles. This change
is the work of Marquis Wielopolski, and has been
held by some papers to prognosticate a relaxation
in the censorship. Their previsions have been ful-
filled by the event ; both the Gazeta Warszawska
and Gazeta Polska have made remarks on the pre-
sent state of affairs in some of their more recent
numbers, which would never have been permitted
under the former system.
The Council of State begins its sittings on the

Ist proximo. Among the first measures to be
brought under consideration are bills having refe-
rence to the management of public education, the
emancipation of the serfs, and the civil rights of
the Jews.

MRS. B. B. STOTVB ON SALVERY AGAIN

Mrs. H. B. Stowe, in a letter more energetic than her
first, dwells on the subject of slave emancipation in the fol-
lowing words, which we have great pleasure in transcrib-
ing :—" While slavery was hemmed in by constitutional
limits and protected by laws, so that we could not overthrow
it without fighting against law and destroying government,
our course was one of strict moral influence alone. But
these Slave States have forsworn the Government and re-
pudiated the laws which protected them in their ill-gotten
gains. Why, then, not use the opportunity to break every
yoke ? Why, not do it openly, bravely, and martially—not
like lawyers and politicians, but like soldiers ? Proclaim
lthkrty through all the land to all the inhabitants thereof
Let the President of the United States proclaim that all
men shall hereafter be declared free and equal, and that
the services of all shall be accepted without regard to
colour."

And again—" We may rest assured, if we delay till we
alienate the blacks, that the enemy will find means to turn
them against us as effectually as they have done hitherto.
Who dug the trenches and raised the masked batteries be-
fore which so many Northern men lie dead ? The negroes.
Why were the Southern forces fresh and ours weary ? They
had the negroes to do the hard work. We, then, have no
choice but to conquer with the negroes—to conquer by a
glorious act of generosity and justice that shall make our
cause go by acclamation through the world, or to fall
under the very hoof of the men whose wrongs we would
right, and whom God will justly make our punishers."

The United Mexican Mining Company have
given notice of the repayment of a second sum of 40 per
cent, of their borrowed capital.

TIiL CITY POLICE.—A meeting of the committee
lately appointed by the constables of the City police was
held yesterday, when it was announced that although the
commissioner had not consented to receive the deputations
appointed at a general meeting t) present tho petition re-
lating to Sunday duty, an order was about to be raised
that would give satisfaction to the men. By this order the
day men will be allowed every fourth Sunday to
them-
selves, and the night men ono day in each month, by which
each in their turns will obtain a Sunday off duty. Special
regulations will be made respecting the constables on duty
at the Post •office and other public buildings. The petition
of the men for an increase of pay will be taken into
consideration at the next meeting of the City Police Com-
mittee.

T • ,
PEr. Dui) 4.4
• .
tat'