The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-18 00:00:00

assert the power to drive that one out of the Union,
it is presumed the whole class of seceded politicians
would at once deny the power and denounce the act as the
greatest outrage upon State rights. But, suppose that pre-
cisely the same act, instead of being called driving the one
out, should be called the seceding of the others from that
one, it would be exactly what the seceders claim to do,
unless, indeed. they make the point that the one, because
it is a minority, may rightfully do what the others, because
they are a majority, may not rightfully do. These poli-
ticians are subtle and profound in the rights of
minorities. They are not partial to that power which
made the Constitution, and speaks from the preamble calling
itself, " We the people." It may well be questioned whether
there is to -day a majority of the legally qualified votes
of any State, except, perhaps, South Carolina in favour of
disunion. There is much reason to believe that the Union
men are the majority in the many, if not in every other one
of the so-called seceded States. The country has not been
demonstrated in any one of them. It is ventured to affirm
this even of Virginia and Tennessee, for the result of an
election had in military camps, where their bayonets are all
one side of the question voted upon, can scarcely be consi-
dered as demonstrating popular sentiment. At such an
election, all that large class who are at once for the Union,
and against coercion, would be coerced to vote against the
Union. It may be affirmed, without extravagance, that the
free institutions we enjoy have developed the powers and im-
proved the condition of our whole people beyond any example
in the world. Of this we now have a striking and impres-
sive illustration. So large an army as the Government has
now on foot was never before known without a soldier in it
but who has taken his place there of his own free choice.
But more than this, there are many single regiments whose
members, one and another, possess full practical knowledge
of all the arts, sciences, professions, and whatever else,
whether useful or elegant, is known in the wholeworld, and
there is scarcely one from which there could not be selected
a president, a cabinet, a congress, and perhaps a court,
abundantly competent to administer the Government itself.
Nor do I say this is not true also in the army of our late
friends, now adversaries, in this contest. But it is so much
better the reason why the Government which has conferred
such benefits on both them and us should not be broken up.
Whoever in any section proposes to abandon such a Govern-
ment would do well to consider in deference to what prin-
ciple it is that he does it, what better he is likely to get in
his stead, whether the substitute will give, or be intended
to give, so much of good to the people. There are some
foreshadowings on this subject. Our adversaries have
adopted some declarations of independence, in which, un-
like the good old one penned by Jefferson, they omit the
words, " all men are created equal." Why ? They have
adopted a temporary national Constitution, in the preamble
of which, unlike our good old one, signed by Washington,
they omit, " We, the people," and substitute, " We, the
deputies of the sovereign and independent states." Why?
Why this deliberate pressing out of view the rights of men,
and the authority of the people. This is, essentially, a
peoples contest. On the side of the Union, it is a struggle
for maintaining in the world that form and substance of
Government, whose leading object is to elevate the condition
of men, to lift artificial Weights from all shoulders, to clear
the paths of pursuit for all, to afford all an unfettered share
and a fair chance in the race of life, yielding to partial and
temporary departures from necessity. This is the leading
object of the Government, for whose existence we contend.
I am most happy to believe that the plain people under-
stand and appreciate this. It is worthy of note that while
in this, the Government's hour of trial, large numbers of
those in the army and navy, who have been favoured with
the offices, have resigned, and proved false to the hand
which pampered them, not one common soldier or common
sailor is known to have deserted his flag. Great honour is
due to those officers who remained true despite the example
of their treacherous associates ; but the greatest honour, and
the most important fact of all is the unanimous firmness of
the common soldiers and common sailors. To the last man,
so far as known, they have successfully resisted the traitor-
ous efforts of those whose commands but an hour before
they obeyed as absolute law. This is the patriotic instinct
of plain people. They understand without an argument
that the destroying the Government, which was made by
Washington, means no good to them. Our popular Go-
vernment has often been called an experiment. Two points
in it our people have settled. The successful establishing
and the successful administering of it, one still remains. Its
successful maintenance against a Ltrrnidable internal at-
tempt to overthrow it. It is now for them to demonstrate
to the world that those who can fairly carry out an election,
can also suppress a rebellion. That ballots are the rightful
and peaceful successors of bullets, and that when ballots
have fairly and constitutionally decided, there can be no
successful appeal back to bullets, and there can be no
successful appeal except to ballots themselves at succeeding
elections. Such will be a great lesson of peace, teaching men
' that what they cannot take by an election neither can they
take it by a war—teaching all the folly of being the begin-
ners of a war.

Lest there be some uneasiness in the minds of candid
men as to what is to be the course of the Government
towards the Southern States after the rebellion shall have
been suppressed, the Executive deem it proper to say it will
be his purpose then, as ever, to be guided by the Constitu-
tion and the laws, and that he probably have no different
understanding of the powers and duties of the Federal Go-
vernment relatively to the rights of the States and the
people under the Constitution, than that expressed in the
inaugural address. He desires to preserve the:Government,
that it may be administered for all as it was administered
by the men who made it. Loyal citizens everywhere have a
right to claim this of their Government, and the Govern-
ment has no right to withhold or neglect it. It is not per-
ceived that in giving it there is any coercion, any conquest,
or any subjugation, in any just sense of these terms. The
Constitution provided, and all the States have accepted the
provision, that the United States shall guarantee to every
State in this Union a Republican form of Government ; but
if a State may lawfully go out of the Union, having done so
it may also discard the Republican form of Government, so
that to prevent its going o•it is an indispensable means to
the end of maintaining the guarantee mentioned, and when
an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to
it are also lawful and obligatory.
It was with the deepest regret that the Executive found
the duty of employing the war power in defence of the Go-
vernment for._ ed upon him. He could but perform this duty
or surrender the existence of the Government. No compro-
mise, by public servants, could in this case be a cure—not
that compromises are not often proper, but that no popular
Government can long survive a marked precedent, that
those who carry an election can only save the Government
from immediate destruction by giving up the main point on
which the people gave the election. The people themselves,
and not their servants, can safely reverse their own delibe-
rate decision.

As a private citizen, the Executive could not have con-
sented that these institutions shall perish, much less could
be in betrayal of so vast and so sacred a trust as these free
people had confided to him, he felt that he had no moral
right to shrink, nor even to count the chances of his own
life in what might follow.
In full view of his great responsibility he has so far done
what he has deemed his duty. You will now according to
your own judgment perform yours. He sincerely hopes
that your views and your actions way so accord with his
as to assure all faithful citizens who have been disturbed
in their rights, of a certain and speedy restoration to them,
under the Constitution and the Laws, and having thus
olosen our cause without guile and with pure purpose, let
us renew our %rust in God, and go forward without fear and
manly hearts, ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
July 4, 1861.

A prospectus has been issued of the Lambeth-
bridge Company, with a capital of £40,000 in £lO shares.
The bridge will run from Church-street, Lambeth, to the
Horseferry-road, Westminster, that being one of the sites
recommended by the Metropolitan Bridge Committee of
1854. It is to be constructed on the wire-cable principle,
with cylinder foundations, and will be for foot passengers
and carriages, and is to be completed within a year. The
calculation is, that if the tolls equal those of Battersea-
bridge, or amount to about 29 per cent. of those of Water-
loo-bridge, a dividend of 121 per cent, will be obtained.

Advices from Egypt state that although no steps
have yet been taken for the abolition of forced labour, the
Viceroy has issued a decree, which was to come into force
on the 9th inst., prohibiting corporal punishment, and that
the governors of all the provinces had been charged to see
it duly obeyed. The measure, possibly, is adopted with a
view to remove the odium created by the sports respecting
the conditions under which the works of the Suez Canal are
being carried on.

Mr. G. R. Haywood, secretary of the Cotton Sup-
ply Association, sailed from Southampton on Friday, in the
Euxine, enroole for Egypt and India, as commissioner re-
presenting the Association and the Manchester Cotton Corn.
pany. During his short stay in Egypt Mr. Haywood will
have an interview with the Viceroy, and present a me+
morial from the Association, pointing out that the present
is a most favourable opportunity for a great and profitable
extension of cotton cultivation in that country. From
Egypt Mr. Haywood goes on to Bombay, and thence to
the Dharwar districts, primarily to ascertain how far the
supply of cotton therefrom may be increased, and to orga •
nise, in the interests of the Cotton Company, cotton clean-
ing and packing establishments at Sedasheghur and else-
where. His route will then be through the districts of
Lingsoor, Bellary, Bangalore, Raichwe, Doab and Mysore,
Coimbatore, Palghaut, Tinnevelly, Madura, Salem, Madras,
Coringa, Chandah, Nagpoor, Oomrowtee, Candeish, Bom-
bay, Surat, Broach, Baroda, Ahmedabad, Rajkote, Dhat-
tera, and Gogo ; thence returning to Sedasheghur in time
for the next cotton-picking season. During this tour ho
will report upon the relative advantages offered by the
several districts for affording an enlarged supply of good
merchantable cotton, and for the opening up of new esta-
blishments and agencies similar to those proposed for the
district of Dharwar. Mr. Haywood travels with Dr.
Forbes, who has been deputed by Government to accom-
pany him, and whose acquaintance with the dialects and
habits of the Hindoo population and knowledge of the cotton
question are likely to be of the utmost service. The com-
missioner is also furnished by the Government—who, it is
said, have shown a desire to assist him in every possible
way—with letters of introduction to the Viceroy of Egypt,
and some of the principal Government officials in India.

9'
4.11 E DRAMATIC COLLEGE FETE.—Energetic as
ever in promoting the welfare of their Dramatic College,
our actors and actresses have organised another fete on its
behalf, which is to take place at the Crystal Palace on Sap
turday next, the 20th. There is to be a vocal and instru-
mental concert, supported by Madame Weiss, Miss Palmer,
Mr. Swift, Mr. Santiey, Mr. George Perren, and Mr. Weiss
—the conductors being Mr. Benedict, Mr. Manus, and Mr.
Alfred Mellon. Mr. Benjamin WebstEr will then deliver
a poetical address, by J. J. Stainton, Esq., in the shape of
an acrostic upon the Royal Dramatic College. The Savage
Club burlesque of " Valentine and Orson" will be repre-
sented with the original cast; and a thrilling melodrama,
of the true Richardson's show schcol—three acts in fifteen
minutes—will be interpreted by professional performers in
a booth, recalling the old-thue glories of Bartholomew
Fair. We have only to add that the stalls of the fancy
fair will be kept by our most fascinating Lc ndon actresses,
cma
to complete our anticipatory announcement of this very
overed her
attractive festival.
rba
ney, then A womam has been brought up at Aricia
eh chargeildr
snaCifeiallrceednietesi
e
littlebi body all rit y;she strip
with honey, n infantlaid
elm
it in the sun until tne little creature expired
the stings of the insects attracted by thein agony from
bait. Sacredibl, ue h atroci-
ties are almost i