The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 18b9.

grasp pertinaciously this last relic of feudality—that
they like to regard their tenants as political serfs,
when they are, socially, serfs no longer—and we
shall not wonder that the landlord class avail them-
selves, ruthlessly, of the dependent position of their
farm tenants. Some of these men have large town
properties also; but they rarely venture attacks on
the liberty of their town tenants. The latter would
laugh at a threat, or bid them find another tenant.
Now we want that every such landlord should be
compelled to respect equally the political rights of
his town and his agricultural tenants. Why should
the house tenant be free and the farm tenant wear
the collar

There are no men such perfect political ciphers
as the farmers. The miserable wretches who sold
their votes at Gloucester and Wakefield are not
such nothings. They could sell their vote to which
side they liked. Some of them did sell cheaper to
one candidate than they would to another. But the
farmers of England alone are mere ciphers. They
just stand at the right hand of their landlord, and,
though nothing themselves, serve to multiply his
vote by ten or by a hundred. Some apologists for
this glaring fact would have us believe that farmers
prefer to vote with their landlords. Do they? For
what reason, we should like to know? Is it because
they never think about politics ; or, if they do
think, because they feel not the slightest interest in
voting as they think ? If such political indolence
or indifference be a fact, to what in this free coun-
try is it to be ascribed ? So far as it is the case, it
can only be the result of hopeless bondage. Men
who cannot break their chains will not gall their
limbs by fretting against them; and 'electors, who
never can by any possibility vote as they think, will
not take the trouble to think. American slave-
holders point sometimes to the thoughtless merri-
ment of the slaves as a proof of the excellence of
their " domestic institution." But a truthful writer
observes that this is its bitterest condemnation. It
degrades men into being happy, in their way, under
the loss of liberty. Just so must we regard the
assertion that farmers prefer to vote with their
landlords, and are content to do it. It proves the
debasing power of landlordism. It has sunk num-
bers of farmers below the level of Wakefield bribe-
takers. It has trained the sturdy sons of the soil to
have no political notions at all; or, if they have, to
give cheerfully, when required, their vote against
them. We are not prepared to deny that our
honest JOHN BULLS are to a large extent become
content to vote blue or yellow, according to the
colour of the last successor to the estate or its last
purchaser. But we do call upon such farmers to
allow themselves to think how unworthy of them

is such a position.
We cannot, however, believe that our agricultu-
ral friends generally wish to be such ciphers. They
prefer to be units, and to increase each of them
the strength of the side they take. Further, we
deny that the landlord's side is, naturally, that of
the farmer. On many questions it must be the re-
verse. The first interest of the farmer and that of
the landlord are clearly diametrically opposite.
The landlord wants a high rent, and a short strin-
gent lease, if he grant leaes at all. Tho farmer wants
a low rent and a long liberal lease, with full secu-
rity for improvements. To call these two interests
identical is an abuse of words. The game laws are
another illustration. The farmer hates game; the
landlord is mad upon it. Hence a code of rent-laws
and game-limos, both wholly on the side of the land-
lords, who have forged these fetters for their far-
mers out of their own votes. In truth, the farmers,
in voting for their landlords' nominees, vote that
the seller shall legislate for the buyer—the man
who lets for the man who hires—the sportsman
who shoots and hunts for the man who has to bear
the cost of the shooting and hunting !—As well ask
the sheep to vote that the wolves shall guard their
fold.

Farmers, in fact, have no representatives. One
tenznt farmer, we believe, there is in the house, but
even he, if we mistake not, obtains his livelihood
chiefly by his dealings with farmers. Yet it is also
a fact that they could, if they were free, have their
own representatives in every county. They, and
those connected with them, are a majority gene-
rally of the county electors yet they allow a
wretched minority of landlords to return all the
members ! It is not that their landlords are men of
such intellectual superiority as to deserve the hon-
ourable trust; with a few splendid exceptions, the
county members are but the dummies of the House
of Commons ; or, if they stutter out a speech, its
laughing stock. Were farmers free electors they
might find intelligent men from their own number,
who, in a house where real solid knowledge on any
subject is always listened to, would command atten-
tion; and they would find great numbers amongst
the landed gentry themselves who would be
quite different men if they had to represent
constituents who could call their souls their

Farmers ought to be represented
as well as landlords. Farmers ought not merely
to choose representatives for landlords, but for
themselves also. If the give-and-take temper of
Englishmen, nowhere more conspicuous than
amongst farmers, made them willing to give land-
lords one member for a county, yet surely farmers
ought to look to it that the second member for any
county, or division of a county, was a farmer's
member—and well, too, that he should be also a
farmer. We must defer consideration of the means
of accomplishing this till Monday.

own.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the
official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in
Downing-street. The Ministers present were Viscount
Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke
of Argyll, Sir G. Cornowall Lewis, Lord John Russell, the
Duke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, Sir
Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchquer,. the Duke
of Somerset, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, Sir George
Grey, the Earl of Elgin, and the Right Hon. T. Milner
Gibson.

THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS FREDERICK WIL-
LIAM.—Their Royal Highnesses and suite left London this
morning on their return to the continent. The illustrious
party travelled via the South Western Railway.

Their Imperial Highnes7es the Princes Nicolas
and Eugene Romanoffsky, accompanied by Col. Rehlimdu,
have arrived at Claridge's Hotel, from Paris.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge is
expected to leave town early in the ensuing week on a visit
to the Earl and Countess of Derby at Knowsley.

His Excellency the Ambassador of France ar-
rived at Albert-gate House on Thursday evening from visit-
ing Mr. and Lady Caroline Townley, at Townley, Lanca-
shire. Tho Countess do Persigny will return to town from
the same place on Monday.

His Excellency the Austrian Minister and the
Countess d'Apponyi have returned to Chandos House, from
visiting the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough at Blenheim
Palace, Oxfordshire.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland ar-
rived at Northumberland Ilouso last evening, from Alnwiek
Castle. Their Graces leave to-day for Sion House, Isle-
worth.

The Earl and Countess Delawarr and Lady
Arabelia Sackville West leave Wimpole Hall, where they
have been visiting the Earl and Countess of Hardwick°,
to-day for Hatfield, to stay until Monday, when the noble
earl and countess go to Buckhurst Park, Sussex.
The Earl and Countess Stanhope and Lady Mary
Stanhope arrived at the. Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, on
Thursday, from the Continent.

DEATH OF THE MARQUIS DE LAJATICO.—We re-
gret to learn that the Marquis de Lajatico, tho distinguished
Sardinian statesman and diplomatist, died on Thursday
evening at the Clarendon Hotel, Bond-street, after a short
illness. It is stated that he died from an attack of small-
pox..

- APOTHECARIES' HALL.—The following are the
names of the gentlemen who passed their first examination
on Thursday, Dec. 1: —Theodore Orton, Littleburn, Kent ;
Rowland Mounsey I3owslead, Caistor, Lincolnshire.

LATEST NE WB.

The following telegrams have been received al
Mr. Reuter's office :

COPENHAGEN, DEC. 2.
The Daub Wet announces that the new Ministry
has been provisionally formed as follows :
Councillor Rollwitt, President of the Council
and Minister of Justice, and also ad interim for
Holstein and Lauenburg.
Baron Blixen Fineck, Minister for Foreign
Affairs, and also ad interim for Schleswig.
Major-General Thestrup, Minister for War and
Marine.

The Councillor of State M. Westenholz, Minister

of Finance.
The Chamberlain M. Gessen, Minister of the

Interior.

TURIN, DEC. 2.

The separate governments of the Provinces of
Parma, Modena, and the Romagna aro suppressed
from the Bth of December.

These provinces will have one sole government
with a ministry sitting at Modena, and a legisla-
tive commission and commander of the military
forces of the line sitting at Bologna.
Baron Ricasoli has arrived at Turin, and has had
a long conference with the Minister for Foreign
Affairs.

The Austrians evacuated Rocca d'Anfo on the
29th ult.

MADRID, DEC. 1

On the 30th November a considerable Moorish
force attacked the redoubt to the right of the Span-
ish encampment before Ceuta, but were repulsed by
the division Grasse, directed by Marshal O'Donnell,
the Commander-in-Chief. 120 men of the Spanish
army were put hors de combat. The losses of the
enemy were far more numerous.

The embarkation of troops continues incessau
at Malaga, Algesiras, and Cadiz.

LISBON, DEC. 2.

The Royal mail steam packet Oneida with
the Brazil mails has arrived here, and was to leave
this morning for Southampton.
She brings £9,853 in specie, and 73 passengers.

ItOME, DEC. 2

The report that the Pope had already consented
to be represented at the approaching Congress, and
that his Holiness had appointed Cardinal Antonelli,
first Plenipotentiary, is without foundation.

LIVERPOOL, DEC. 3,

The Liverpool Mercury says :
"We are informed that the Imperial Secretary,
in reply to the letter addressed by four merchants
of this city to Napoleon 111., writes that peace with
England is the earnest wish and fixed policy of the
Emperor, and so far as it depends upon his Ma-
jesty it is a policy which shall never be abandoned."

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY,

Accounts from Toulon, of the 29th ult , state that
a company of pontonniers, intended for the expedi-
tion to China, had arrived there, and were en-
camped while waiting for embarkation. It is
added that the cannon embarked there for China
are rifled, and were tried before their departure,
and gave complete satisfaction, both with respect
to the accuracy of their aim and the great dis-
tance at which they take effect. The Toulon roads
present an animated appearance, and the troops to
be embarked show the greatest enthusiasm. The
frigate Imperatrice Eugenie, the steam corvette
Canton, the steam cutter Croiseur, and the trans-
ports Ariege and Bucephale, had arrived at Toulon.

THE BOURSE.—Tho market has been very
buoyant, and large purchases of Rentes have been
effected. Threes, after having been done at 70f. 55c.,
improved to 70f. 90c. ; Mobilier varied from
785 f. to 795 f.; Lyons, 890 f. to 895 f.; Orleans,
1,370 f. to 1,3761. 25c. ; Northern, 957 f. 50c. to
9621. 50c. ; Southern, 515 f. to 5171. 50c.

The following were the last quotations:-
41 per Cents. .... 96 —; Credit Fonder
Do. end month .. I Belgian 4} —
3 per Cents 7O 80 Piedmontose (5) .. 84
Do. end month 7O 90 Roman B6 50
Bank Shares
Credit Mobilier .. 791 35 Spanish Threes
Do. Account