The Sun.
London, England, 1857-02-27 00:00:00

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riiL SUN, LON!) MN,

FRIDA r EVENING, FEBRUARY 27 187,

the unoffending town of Canton ; he had en•
tered into the palaces 1)1 its Gl-iverament, and
had lef ; hur.dr Als of \Nilo va and orphans to
mourn the losses they had su taiite;l. Tae noble and
1, arned lord having again briefly teterred to some of the
technical ro'nts bearing on the cis; cmeluded by ex-
pres ing his hearty concurrence in the resolutions which
the Earl of Derby had propose 1.
The LORD CLIANCELLOR rise, with some excite
went, to complain of the charge brought against hi n a:
ignorant of intertutti,:nal law. He 'enied the charge.
What he had sai I was that co international 1 1,,/ pet -
rnitted the forcible sa:z.ire of a Yes, 1 sailing under a
register directly quar2inteed by treaty. From that point
he was not to he displaced. If he ha I erred in his law,
it was either intentionally or in ignorance. If he bad
erred intent:onally, it wa% uejtr-tiiaL,le ; if in ignorance,
that ignorance was inexcusable.
Lard S.P. LEONARDA .—You are replying.
The LORD CHANCELLOR: R•plying ! When
the Lard Cinancell tr. of Eogland is accused of ignorance
di
,awoi and
Lenrtrl
ad!, learned)lrle,Cts,dohl
Chancellor,
I.aclwtenLo.,Ecesolsclu.
Hint,orsrtn,jelLri, Yi
, awnajEsge:ahyrinsie:
tpethhh(lie:leen:sliwaajEtps
anothert righterdh fv to,elvrel
aoen) dlrladoienc)p,agDeel:etiWr I.
ti 'f
ell inat . uii)
ene diTsi
loudly
o:eui
etd:l lei
Isi :y1 ab e';,
olf
order. On, if I ant out of order I shall sit down, said the
' i r.,nrdtai)
yn;:ilsY .Lt .)
ht i
si nfiar!t-
resolution, but suggested a doubt as to the secind. Oa
the question of the nationality of the Arrow, he argued
that, as her licence had expired at sea, it would hold
good until she got hack 0 her port of regi,try. There-
fore the Arrow must he cimsideled as under British co-
lony. Toe C:tinese, by taking the law in their own
hands, had violated the treaty. He was compelled,
therefore, 0 oppose the resolutions.
The Earl of INIA.LNIESBURY said if the law lords
actually quarrelled, and the peers of Ertgland were.puz-
z'e I, about this question of nationality, what must be
the conditi( aof the Chinese mind on the subj .ct ? rut 1

there were other questions than those of law involved
—morality and feeling. Was it to be tolerated that the
powers of peace and war shoul i thus be entrusted to their
colonial governors ? To what results this might lead was
shown by the news of this day, that the Chinese had
taken the offensive—that the rebels had joined the Im-
perial forces, and that an unanimous attack on the Eug-
Itsh forces had been made. And what, after ad, was the
war about ? Was it for the Arrow, or its nationaii•y ?
Certainly not : it was to indulge the monomania of Sr
John Bowring for entering into C inten. Ifs could easily
understand Sir John Bowring's motive in passing that
ordieanee for connecting Chinese coasters with British
vessels. For what columns of figures—what estimates
of tonnage—what Trade and N tvigation Returns, it
opened up new facilities ! The d pity of the flog
was spoken of in Sr John Bowring's di,p Aches. Was
this the way to eleva'e that dignity, to authorise
20,000 or 30,000 Chinese vagabonds to go lurking
about the sem, robbing and plundering, and show-
ing the British frig as their protection wren hunted
down ? Toe flag was degraded —the country die-
honoured by such practices. No wonder Yeh was
puzzled at the notion of a nation's "lending its flag." This
showed the law to be posterior to the te- aty, and ex-_
post-facto law, and therefore not binding on the Chinese.
The appointment of Sir J. Bowring %vas the original
ciuse of all the mischief, and their dilficulties would in-
crease until he was superseded by a man of judgineni,
practical knowledge, and diseretion. What forbearance
had he sho vn ? What tact I Wnat p rinte of adminis-
tration of Government ? Just as the tray 4.a3 ab
to exoire, SirJ. Bo wring had evoked thistiispute, hoping
Co be Lit t•o settle it. These transactions would add
another century to the rancorous le liug entertained by
the Chinese towards the English, as well a.s disgrace us
in the eyes of Europe.
The Earl of ALBEIIARLE Sall that the vessel was
not Chinese built, but Portuguese—the bull of a'i
Chines vessels was regulated by law to he of :.he well-
known junk form. Therefore the Chinese ought to h:lvs
judged the Arrow at once to be a foreign vessel. We
had already given way too much to the Chinese. They
thought we feared them, and therefore push( d their pre-
tensions further. That was the true Tartar hal,it. We
must now go on and finish our work thoroughly. The
violence of the people of Canton was the pretex:, for
keeping us out of the city—this viole,ce was kept up i)y
the Tartar commissioners. We has submitted to t!,e
fear of this violence until tbe people despised us for it.
The noble lord then gave a few illustrations of Ciiiiiese
insolence and English submission, and dilating on the
proposal to send a resident ambassador to Pekin, depre-
cated the attempt, enforcing his arg,imenti by tx-
maples and records of the various ineul.s, even up to
assassination, inflicted on ambassadors, English and
foreign, at Pekin. His lordship concluded by expre,s-
ing his intention to oppose tbe reiolutious of Lord

Derby. _
Toe Earl of ELLENBO ROUGH felt great interest in
this war. He had conducted a war with China, before,

when the Whigs who began it did not know how to
carry it on, or how to stop it. But the Government was
changed—(a laugh) —and peace followed. He hoped
that peace would have been more lasting. What were

we a; war about ? The Chinese had never meant to in-

suit the British flag —of that he was c Invinced. But
even if so, had not full vengeance been taken 'I Fire alAl
blopdshed did they not suffice t Dr. B)wring Lad done
nothing to keep the peace, much ta prevent such a re-
sult. Bat the worst point of the whole was the differ-
ence of the language between Dr. B3wring and Consul
Parkes, and Dr. Dowring and the Chinese. What
paltry falsehood was }there shown ! Yet this man All
remained in office. Such a man was na finger worthy
to represent the honour and dignity of the Sove-
reign, the truth and manliness of England. Dr.
Bowzirg knew the importance of the Chinese
trade—how great a link that nine millions formed

n the commerce of nations. It was a rule .1f policy

never to g 3 into two ware at the same time. Not such
the wisdom of the present G,Preromeut. B.it solreely

had they brought to an end a great European war than
they involved themselves in two wars in Asia! Ciina
was opening to us. The power of the E opator had
been declining greatly in the last 12 years, Christianity
was findisg its way through the lend, when Sir J. Bow•
ring cast shame on our nation, and discredit on our re-
ligion, by his c induct. The war was fooli,h and

criminal-11A it be stopped at once.
Earl GRINVILLE thought it was very unworthy of
the eminent leader of the last Chinese war to use all his

eloquence, alid even descend to indignities both in
words and gesticulations in preventing a public ser-
vant obtaining that serious consideration of his con-
duct to which his 'position as the representative of
her Majesty was entitled. (11.ar.) Ile hoped by a
short, simple, and unimpassioned narrative to show
that Sir John Bowring, Mr. Consul Parkes, and Sir

M. Seymour were perjectly justifici in ail they did.
The real question was this, was the British flag flying
on board the vessel that had been attacked, and had
that fl ig been treated with disrespect. It had been said
by a noble lord (indicating Earl Grey) that the flag was
not flying—
Earl GREY objected to an expression being imputed
to him that he had not used. Wnat he said was, that it
was a matter involved in very great doubt.
Earl GRA.NVILLE—What was the evidence on this
point ? Commissioner Yeh said it was usua' to have a
flag lowered when a vessel was in port, and as this was
not done, it was inferred that there was no flag on board.
Now it was in evidence that this vessel was being an-
chored, and the blue peter was hoisted, so that the appa•
rent anomalies on that point were at once disposed of.
They bad on that point the evidence of two of our fellow
countrymen, and on the other hand they had the evi-
dence of Commissioner Yeh—who had been hell up as
such a pattern to that house—but who, it should be re-
membered had boasted that he had put to death
70,000 of his fellow-countrymen. (Hear, hear.) Now,
should evidence of that sort be received in a civilised
country like this ? The whole course of ibis man disen•
titled him to the smallest credit. His Excellency Peter
Parker, the American minister to Caine, it appeared
from a Hong Kong newspaper which had been just re-
ceived, condemned the treachery of this man in most
unqualified terms; and with regard to truth telling, he
had no hesitation in saying that the c ‘mmissioner was
entirely destitute of that virtue. (Hear, hear.) Until
therefore the testimony of our fellow-countryman was
shown to be untrue, be thought himself justified in
accepting it. Tae next point he would elluJe to was,
whether or not the Arrow had a right to hoist the

British flag. He would not weaken the argument of
the noble baron (Wensleydale), but he maintained
the conclusion to which that noble and learned lord
came, that no ordinance or act had weakened the
treaty which subsisted between this country and China.
(Cheers.) There was no doubt on these points of in-
ternational law, that even amongst the most civilised
nations of the West they had come to no agree-
ment upon the point, and he thought they were strain-
ing the point too far when they attempted to apply these
noble principles of international law to a nation which
denied even the applicability of the system of commer-
cial relationships. Now, what was the position of Sir
John Bowring, Sir Michael Seymour, and Mr. Parkes ;
for no doubt they were, one and all, responsible if any
error had been committed I Sir J. Bowring havingsent
his papers home they were submitted to the then law
officers of the Crown. Having received their opinion,
Lord Clarendon announced to Sir John Bowring that he
fully approved of his conduct. He admitted that Sir
John Be wring had done wrong with regard to these lor-
chas, if it could be shown that he had acted strictly with-
in the letter of the supplemental treaty. (gear, hear.)
If Sir John Bowring had committed any act which was
not warranted by the supplemental treaty, he would
have been guilty of a grave dereliction of duty, and
they would have been heard from noble lords opposite
that this Radical disciple of the Manchester School
bad sacrificed-the honour of England to the paltry
interests of commerce, and Ord he had diegracel that
flag which was respected throughout the world—a flag
which represented a country which had never known
shame, defeat, dishonour, or subutiseion. That would
have been the sort of language which :would have been
used by the Opposition if Sir John Bowring had not
acted as he had done, and had not vindicated the honour
of his country. It appeared to him that Sir John Bow-
ring was justified' in acting upon the assumption that the
Arrow was entitled to the British flag ; indeed, that he
had no other conree undfr the circumstances to plueue.
He thought, moreover, that the demands which were
made by Mr. Consul Parkes were moderate and tem-
perate, terms which he vas perfectly right in urging
upon the commissioner—that the men who had been
arrested should have been cent back in that public manner
which would have won respect from a cuntry where
so much punctilio was observed. coH thought in
discussing these questions they ought not to forget
the bearing they would Lave upon the people
of England. No one more earnestly deprecated
than himself the horrors of war, he thought their
lordships should pause before they had placed an in-
delible mark of disgrace upon those pubic servants who
had done their beet to discharge their public duty. Great
stress had been laid on the fact_ that the residence of