The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-05 00:00:00

w bottle at the soldiers while they were occupied in
1 the execution of their duty, and was sentenced to

AUSTRIA. AND PRUSSIA.

BRESLAU, Nov. 6.

The Breslauer Zeitung of to-day announces that
the Emperor of Austria will arrive here during the
visit of the King of Prussia, which, it says, will
take place on the 12th or 13th inst.
VIENNA, Nov. 5.

The Vienna papers of this morning contain the
following announcement :
" The administration of Hungary will be dele-
gated to a Governer, in the person of General Count
Palffy, whose authority will be subordinate to that
of the Aulic Chancellor.

"All the present Obergespans will be super-

" The Assemblies of the Comitats are to be dis-
solved, and military tribunals established through-
out the country."

THORN, Nov. 4.

According to news from Warsaw, the governor
has expressed a hope that a reconciliation may be
brought about between the Government and the
people. .

It is expected that M. Dembowski will be ap-
pointed Minister for Public Worship, M. Krusen-
stern Minister of the Interior, and M. Hube Minis-
ter of Justice.

BRESLAU, Nov. 4.

The Breslauv Zeitung of to-day has news from
Warsaw, according to which a despatch had arrived
there from the Emperor summoning the Marquis
Wielopolski to St. Petersburg. It was generally
expected that M. Wielopolski would return to
Warsaw as Governor of Poland.

TURIN, Nov. 4.

An expedition, composed of 400 Bourbonists,
which was being organised at Malta, has been pre-
vented from proceeding by the arrest of the chief
accomplices at Naples.

At Salerno, some French engineers have fallen
victims to the brigands.

The Opinione of to-day says :—" Diplomatic
documents on the Roman question will be commu-
nicated by the Ministry to the Parliament imme-
diately on the opening."

PARIS, Nov. 4.
The Paris evening papers contain the follow

ing :
" It is asserted that Fzance has offered to enter
into negotiations with Switzerland on the subejct
of the Dappen Valley, in order to arrive at some
arrangement by which every possible guarantee
might be given to Switzerland in regard to the neu-
trality of the valley."
_

Belgium will recognise the kingdom of Italy on
the same conditions as it 4as recognised by France.

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 30,
(via Messina).

There is no truth in the reports which have been
current hero of a massacre of Christians in Pa-

lestine.

The Governor of Jerusalem has ordered certain
towns in Palestine to be militarily occupied, on
account of the inhabitants not having paid the
taxes.

MADRID, Nov. 4 (Evening)

An unimportant attempt at insurrection on the
part of the Republican party has been made at
Medina Colei. The instigators of this attempt
have been arrested. It was not necessary to use
military force.

POLAND.
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.

WARSAW, OCT. 28

Things must be at their worst now in this unfor-
tunate country. When they will mend it is impos-
sible to say; certain it is that no nation could long
continue in the state in which Poland is at present.

With her King, the Czar, somewhere out of reach
in the Crimea or the Caucasus ; her Viceroy not yet
appointed; her deputy Viceroy, Count Lambert,
absent; his substitute Suchozainet, a narrow-
minded, decrepid, despicable old man, whase only
idea of Government is to make men doff their caps
in his presence and give every sergeant in the army
power over the lives and properties of the inhabi-
tants ; her ministers of education and justice, of
finance, and of public works sending in their resig-
nation ; her council of state and municipal and pro-
visional councils not sitting ; her 'commander-in-
chief, Gerstenzweig, dying from the effects of an
attempt to blow his own brains out ; the comman-
dant of the citadel in her capital, Lowszyn, and the
chief of her fire-brigade succumbing under an
attack of apoplexy ; all her places of worship, and
all her schools, without exception shut up, and the
students either imprisoned in the citadels or wan-
dering about without occupation ; a system of mili-
tary despotism fermenting the whole administra-
tion ; the best and noblest of her children crowding
the deepest and most unwholesome cells in her
fortresses ; her towns turned into camps, her citadels
into prisons, her private houses into barracks—it
would be difficult for the most barbarous of Eastern
tyrants to imagine a system of galling oppression
more resembling a hell upon earth than that which
prevails in Poland at the present moment. No one,
person or property, is safe ; one's age, sex, or native
country has no effect in protecting him against the
savage attacks of the soldiery ; Germans, English-
men, and even Russians, have had their share of
ill-treatment and outrage at their hands. Mr.
Geo. Mitchell, who was severely beaten and wounded
on the 15th, has addressed a letter to Lord Russell,
complaining of the ill-treatment to which he was
so gratuitously subjected; and Mr. White, Vice-
Consul at Warsaw, who was also maltreated by the
Cossacks on that day and robbed of his watch, has
taken steps for prosecuting his aggressors.
A commission was appointed with the permis-
sion of the Government, by the Rev. Mr.
Bialobezeski, Administrator of the Arch-diocese of
Warsaw, to inquire into the late desecrations ;
but its proceedings have been effectually stopped
by the wholesale arrest of the whole of its mem-
bers, together with those who formed the com-
mittee for the Archbishop's funeral, and some
members of the Archbishop's family, the latter
apparently for the sole reason that they bear his
name. These arrests took place on the night of
the 23d. The unfortunate priests were torn from
their houses, after the latter had been pillaged
of all the valuables they contained. On the night
of the 26th the soldiers and police broke into the
houses of Messrs. Wyszynski, Specki, Szlenker, and
Hiszpanski, all distinguished members of ,the
Council of Warsaw, and dragged them to the
citadel, first seizing all the furniture they could
carry and destroying the rest. Every species of
outrage is committed in the streets. General
Suchozainet makes every now and then a sort of
progress through the town, preceded by a detach-
ment of Cossacks, who knock off the hats and
bonnets of every one they meet with their pikes.
The wearing of sticks, no matter how thin or fragile,
is strictly forbidden. This absurdity is carried so
far that a lame man was deprived of his crutches by
the patrol in the street. The beastly outrages com-
mitted by the savages who are called Russian
soldiers are so abominable, that I will not offend
your ears by relating them. One example will
suffice. A servant girl was seized by these drunken
wretches in the street, who attempted to sacrifice
her to their brutal desires; she resisted so successfully
with a bottle sh© held in her hand that she escaped
their violence; but it was only to be subjected to
an outrage of another kind. She was accused
before the military tribunal of haying thrown

sixteen lashes,
The head of the judicial administration is now
General Roznow, who has gained an unenviable
notoriety at Flock for flogging women. His last
achievement was the public flogging of three ladies
with rods in front of thy church. It is of course
idle to expect mercy or justice from such a sangui-
nary ruffian ; and worthily does he second the sol-
diers in their brutality. The numberless victims
of the Kosciuszko Day that are languishing in
the prisons are treated most rigorously ; they are
shut up in narrow cells with the windows smeared
over, their food is wretched, and they are allowed
only five minutes for a walk in the open air.
General Lambert has left behind him anything
but a favourable impression. His spasmodic fits of
cruelty and leniency, the laissez aller nature of his
government, altering nothing in the lamentable
condition of the provinces, and leaving Warsaw to
govern itself; and, finally, the disgraceful attack
on the churches on the Kosciuszko Day, which is
universally attributed to his fear of the demands
of the municipal councils, have disgusted every one
with his rule. His policy was eminently a nega-
tive one, and appears to have been based on the
principle to let ill alone. As for his being the
temporary viceroy of Poland, he was so in nothing
but the title. He was merely Governor of Warsaw;
and he was hardly that, unless letting people do
as they like be called government. 'At last, when
he found that the natural consequence of his letting
go the reins was, that the nation went too fast for
him, he made the Lsupreme effort to regain them.
He failed, after plunging the capital in blood ; and
gave up the battle after his first defeat, leaving
murder and desolation, the consequences of his own
acts, behind him. It is now said that he has gone
to Rome to ask the Pope to order the Polish clergy
to open their churches—a piece of folly which is a
worthy pendant to his former deeds. If the Roman
Catholic churches are opened under Government
pressure, they will be empty, just as the Protest-
ant churches in Warsaw are.
The resignation of Marquis Wielopolski will not,
I hear, be accepted. Poles able and willing to aid
Russia in the government of Poland are too seldom
met with to be given up easily ; ancLthere can be
no doubt as to the ability of Wielopolski, whatever
may be the impression at headquarters as to his
real intentions. His dreams of Panslavism are, of
course, highly unpalatable to the Government;
but perhaps they think that this is the mildest form
in which Polonism developes itself. At any rate, if
the objects of the Marquis and the Government are
different, they propose to arrive at them by the same
means. The first step, in the opinion of both, is to
subdue the Poles to Russian Government. Wielo-
polski looks upon this, and justly, as a sine qua non
before his favourite project, the union of Russia with
Poland and the other Sclavonian States, can be ac-
complished; and Russia labours equally hard, and
by the same means, to assimilate the Polish nation-
ality to itself. Union is the object of both, although
not in the same sense. Wielopolski desires political
union ; Russia a national amalgamation and aboli-
tion of all distinctive marks between Pole and Rus-
sian. The Poles, who hate the very thought of
any union with Russia, are, on their side, doing
all they can to divide the Russians from their
country out of pure disgust, that being,
in their view, the only chance of regaining
independence. Their success is demonstrated by
the unanimous opinion of the Russian Liberals, as
enunciated in their organs, the Wielikoms and
Kolokol, that the possession of Poland only brings
them disgrace and pecuniary loss, and that the
sooner they get rid of such a bad bargain the better.
Under these circumstances, it will not be difficult
to understand that Wielopolski, as a philo-Russian,
and therefore a bad Pole, is perhaps the most un-
popular man in Poland. It is remarked with bitter
indignation that the Marquis only sends in his 're-
signation when some one, such as Suchozainet,
whom he does not like, is placed in power ; and
that when hundreds of his cuuutrymen and women
are butchered and brutally outraged before his eyes,
he either sits quietly by, without raising a word of
protest, or pens one more of those bloody edicts for
the preservation of " order," of which the Govern-
ment of Poland has given us so many specimens.
There is a talk here of the appointment of Gene-
ral Abramowicz, one of the most cruel and uncom-
promising of the creatures of the late Emperor
•Nicholas, to the Viceroyalty. It appears that in
his letter to St. Petersburg, asking for an appoint-
ment in Poland, he said, " Make me anything you
like—governor, minister, director of police, or
Viceroy—and I will undertake to bring back the
times of Paskiewicz in six weeks! He will find,
however, the Poles of the present day rather diffe-
rent to those of the times of Paskiewicz. General
Gerstenzweig is said to have exclaimed, on the
Kosciuszko Day, when he found all his efforts to
stir up the Poles to active resistance baffled : " I
know how to treat red republicans (les rouges), but
what can I do with these moderate rascals (la
canaille des moderes ) ?"
The Council of State, whose sittings have been
suspended during the state of siege, has done the
little it has, as usual, in the most perfect secresy,
and with closed doors. The Government paper, the
Daiennik Pozoszechny, gives the following laconic
account of its proceedings :
" The Financial Department of the Council of
State in this kingdom has had under its considera-
tion the bill relative to mines laid before the
Council after the general meeting of the depart-
ments of the Warsaw Senate, and has made its
remarks thereon. The united legislative and finan-
cial departments of the Council of State have had
under their consideration the reports of heads of
departments for the year 1860 laid before the
Council, and have prepared motions relative
thereto; also the bill laid before the-Oouncil by
the Director of Education and Justice on the civil
rights of the Jews. The members of the general
meeting in the hall of deliberation have read the
reports of heads of departments. At the general
meeting of the 4th (16th) of that month, Marquis
Wielopolski, by order of the Acting Viceroy, Pre-
sident of the Council, prorogued it for three
weeks."
This is the way in which the farce of constitu-
tional government is played in this country. The
" Council of state," the Polish Parliament, is no-
minated by the Emperor, and deliberates fruitlessly
on bills presented by the Minister, and which al-
ways become law—with closed doors, as if it were
transacting affairs of the highest importance, or
indeed doing anything of the least consequence !
It would be very difficult to point out a single mea-
sure which has been altered in any important point,
for better or 'Worse, by the Council, who have no
power either of initiation or decision. As for their
advice, it is listened to by men who have already
made up their minds.
Some signs of a martial movement in Poland are
beginning to show themselves already. Seven
carts-full of arms have been stopped on the Prussian
frontier; and one of the merchants here has been
arrested for sending money abroad for the purchase
of arms. What truth there may be in these ru-
tmhoeuprsellescawninllotsseaizye, but
the tfihreerte
ec
pa
pn
obr et
unn oi tdy o
tuola
et t tr
ka
et
for their liberty. The Russians
on theirsiansar whole line e,lhear, makingeof
great warlike preparations
frontier, large masses of troops are being collected
along the Dniester and the Kalisz, the fleet is daily
increasing in numbers and strength, and Sebastopol
has sprung up from its ashes more impregnable
than ever.
The state of siege is rigorously enforced in the
provinces. At Kolo Lieut.-Col. Weimar, the mili-
tary commandant, fell with his troops on a carriage
which was passing through the town, exclaiming
" I am your lord, I am y our king, I will thrash you
with sticks in the market-place." And he was as
good as his word. Ho dragged the gentlemen out
of the carriage, and after savagely ill treating them
sent them to prison ; and the ladies, who had white
ribbons on their black dresses (hunt irce), had their
clothes torn to pieces by the soldiery.