The Sun.
London, England, 1857-05-18 00:00:00

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The-following is the text of be #ll,. p' ''
~;,::41, i:„
:. r.,::
which lately closed the session of ~.i.e,,,-paSslin-,.-:.-;: sa,
\''44':, AL-s_'''' .-
Chambers : .
" Illustrious, Noble, and Honoured Gentletnaf thl. S
Two Chambers of the Diets—During the session which
has just terminated, your attention has been absorbed
by the examination of numerous and important bills, and
a great m- --i: have been brought to a satis-
factory c,._ two chambers of the Parlia-
ment have coneente, h, a modification of the constitu-
tion, which gives to the Government a greater liberty
f r deciding on the period for the convocation of the re-
presentatives of the country. The law relative to
ecclesiastical establishments, schools, and charitable
foundations, regulates the interests connected with them
in a suitable manner. The law which regularises the
relatioue b: ft wean the nobles and the peasants with re-
gard to the letting of property completes the legislation
previously in.force on that subject, and puts an end to
a very embaera,sing legal uncertainty. The measure
which had for object to .implify the tax on rural proper-
ties has a practical significancy not less important. The
bill interdicting unlawful credit being given to minors
will, it is hoped, put an end to the ruinous conse-
quences of usury. Other questions which have been
solved have bad for effect either to amend or com-
plete existing laws, or to regulate points of legisla-
tion which have been doubtful The Government
of his Majesty feels great satisfaction in having
been able during the session to submit to the chamber
different treaties made by the state, which satisfy wishes
that had been expressed, and which treaties the two
chambers have readily adopted. By the convention con-
cluded with the Crown of Danmark on March 14 last,
the Sound dues are definitively abolished, and the navi-
gation and commerce of the Baltic will thereby receive a
considerable development. The treaties entered into
with Russia relative to railways have secured the esta-
blishment of a communication, by a double line of rails,
between Prussia and the neighbouring state on the east.
That communication opens to our commerce, on a lerger
scale than hitherto, the immense extent of the Russian
empire. The monetary treaty, concluded on the Jan. 24
last, between the States of the German Customs Union
and the Austrian Government, constitutes a real pro-
greihi towards a German monetary unity, and regulates
the important interests connected therewith. Tn. 1,,,,,,
which prohibits payments in foreign bank notes has been
voted. We may hope that the necessity which dictated
that measure will be felt elsewhere, and give rise to a
satisfactory understanding for regulating the issue of
these representative securities. Although the Govern- •
meet of the King has, in this vote and in a nuinber of
others met with the eager support of the national repre-
sentatives, it has, on several important bills, been unable
to obtain the constitutional assent of the Diet. The
serious examination which was given in the Chamber of
Deputies to the bill relative to the civil right of divorce,
has proved that a deep conviction was felt of the neces-
sity of a reform in that matter. Nevertheless no definitive
decision has yet been come to on the subject. The same
may be said of several other important measures of a
financial character. The budget of the current year has
been voted without modification, after a serious die- •
cussion, and the Diet has given its approbation to the
economical system of expenses adopted by the Ad-
ministration. The propositions relative to the appli-
cation of the residue of the extraordinary credit of
thirty millions of thalers, previously granted, have
received your full approbation, and your assent has also
been given to the bill relative to the tax on joint-stock
companies, and to that which grants additional guaran-
tees to treasury bonds and loan securities. On the other
hand, no understanding has been come to on the subject
of the bills for the establishment of a general tax on •
houses, for the re-establishment of the previous duty on
salt, and for the modification of the law on patent es
(licence to trade). The Government of his Majesty pre-
sented these bills because, whilst respecting the objec-
tion's made against the possibility of demanding more
from taxation, it does not consider those objections suf-
ficiently important to relieve it from the obligation of
proposing new resources for the pressing wants of the
state, the existing resources not being, in its opinion,
either sufficient or likely to become so. The duration of
service of the permanent army of militia, fixed at three
years by the law of the 3d of September, 1814, has
again been recognised by the two chambers of the Diet
as useful and necessary. The Government would con-
sider that it failed in its responsibility towards the inn-
try if it were to lay down an exception to this legal obli-
gation. It regrets, however, that, in presence of the ex-
isting dearness of living, it has not obtained, in the
measure it hoped for, the co-operation of the Diet in
giving proper salaries to the inferior employes of the ad-
ministration. Lastly, his Majesty's Government ex-
presses the conviction that it remains faithful to the
souvenirs of her national history, and to the traditional
character of the Prussian administration, by continuing
to unite to prudent economy the constant solicitude with
which it watches over the progress of the prosperity of
the country. By order of his Majesty the King, I de-
clare the session of the two Chambers of the Diet
closed."

TRANSPORTATION TO WESTERN AIISTRALIA.—The in-
telligence of the agitation which had been going on in
England with respect to the ticket-of-leave question, and
the report of the committee of the House of Lords on
transportation had been received with great satisfaction
by the colonists of Western Australia, who were sanguine
that it would lead to their receiving a regular supply of
convicts, whose labour is much needed in the colony.
There would be no objection to receive a considerable
number of convicts on the part of the inhabitants for
some time to come ; but we must distinctly warn the
home authorities that the people of Western Australia
are only willing to receive convicts of a useful and better
clasp, and ' that a continuance in the practice of only
sending out the worst criminals and desperadoes will
infallibly close the last outlet which this country now
possesses for transportation.—Australian and New Zed,-
and Gazette;

FRIGHTFUL OCCURRENCE IN SOMERS TOWN.—Yester-
day morning that portion of Somers-town celebrated as
one of the Sunday markets, was the scene of much ex-
citement, which was occasioned by a man throwing over
one of his neighbours a large quantity of vitriol, thereby
causing, serious. if not fatal, injuries. Shortly after ten
o'clock two boys were seen fighting in Cherub-way,
when the father of one of them (Thos. Robinson, a man
about 50) attempted to separate them. He had no
sooner interfered, then Brett, who resides immediately
opposite, savagely rushed forth, can in hand, and threw
the contents, about a quart of vitriol, over Robinson.
Brett was immediately assailed by the crowd, who ex-
hibited every intention of dealing summarily with him.
The timely arrival of police-constable 365 fortunately
prevented this, and the cowardly assailant was conveyed
to the station-house. Ho did not deny the charge, but
said exultingly, "I am glad of it, I hope be is dead."
The injured man was conveyed in a cab to the Univer-
sity College Hospital by police-officer 198. Upon in-
inquiry at the hospital last night, it wss found that but
little hope was entertained of the ultimate recovery of
the injured man.
ARTISTS' BENEVOLENT FUND.—On Saturday evening
the 30th anniversary festival of this admirable fund took
place at the Freemasons' Tavern. Sir P. Peel presided,
and there were also present amongst the guests Sir
Charles Eastlake, F.R.A. ; Sir W. Ross, R. A. ; D.
Roberts, R.A. ; E. M. Ward, R.A. ; J. T. Willmore,
A.R.A. ; 3. R. Foley, A.R.A. ; Mr. J. Dickenson,
F.R.S , with other artists and admirers of art. The
usual complimentary toasts having been given with
much spirit, and duly honoured, the chairman gave the
toast of the evening, and, referring to the greatly in-
creased patronage which the public of late had bestowed
upon works of art, stated that at the private view of the
two Water Colour Societies purchases were eagerly made
among the works exhibited to the amount of 3,0001.,
and at the private exhibition of the Royal Academy to
the extent of 9,0001. He fully believed that the total
amount of purchases effected daring the present season
at the various exhibitions would not fallshort of 30,0001.
This was a most gratifying proof of the estimation which
the public had of the artist's labours. Still it was in-
cumbent upon them to provide among themselves a
fund which should be available for them in the
event of those sudden visitations and misfortunes
which fell upon artists, as upon other men, often
when in the height of their prosperity. The toast
Was drunk with enthusiasm, and a substantial
proof of its cordial reception was found in
the subscriptions announced during tlee course
of the evening, which amonted to 5001. This was a
larger sum than had been subscribed at any previous
anniversary, and included the IBth donation from her
Majesty of 1001. Other toasts complimentary to the
officers of the fund and the Royal Academy were drunk
with great applause during the evening. The dinner
was served in the usual excellent style of the Freemasons'
Tavern ; and Mr. Banks, jun., was an effective toast-
ma-ter.
fAvvintrisgbraNT.]—SlGllT AND HEARING.—SrmActEs.—.
POWERFUL TELESCOPES.—OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVA
GLAssEs.—Mcs!rs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albe.
,„„,,i,...trect, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Rote'
w.— By
her :Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and
extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and bril.
hant TAescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Perspective
Glasses to know the distances. These telescopes losse.s
such extraordinary power that some, three and a-half inches*
with au extra eye-pece will show:distinctly Jupiter's moons,
Saturn's ring, and tie double stars ; with the same telescope
can be seen a poi son countenanze three-and-a-half miles die.
taut awl an object from 16 to 20 miles. Eor the wahtcoat
pocket, au I are of larger, and all sizes, with increasing
powers accordingly. The Royal Exhibition, 1851.—A vale.
able T cwly-invente I very small powerful Waistcoat Pocket
Glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seem
and known one and a half mile distant. They answer every
purpose on the race-course, and at the Opera Houses.
Country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 1 to 14 miles.
They are invaluable for shooting, doer-stalking, yachting.
to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, end tom fists. Opera.
Camp, Perspective, and Racecourse Glasses, with wonderful
powers. —lnvaluable preserving Spectacle Lenses of the
greatest transparent power. The great advantage derived.
from this invention is, that vision impaired becomes pre-
carved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled.
to employ their sight at the most minute ctenpation—
ean see with these lenses of a much less Magnitying power
—and they do not require the frequent changes to the
dangerous effects- of further powerful assistance. Persona
can be suited at the most remote. part of the world by send-
ing one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and.
stating the distance from the eye they can read small print
with it, and those who have not made use of Ipectaeles by
stating' their age. Dearness.—New Diszevery.—The Or.
ganic Vibrator, an extraordinarily powerful, small newly,
invented instrument for deafness. entirely different from all
others, surpasses anything of the kind that Vas been, or pro•
bably ever can be produced. Being of the same colour as
the akin
is
an ot perceptible. It enables deaf persons to hear
distinctly t church and-at public assemblies ; the unpleasant
sensation of singing noises in the ears is. entirely semored,
and it affords all the aesistaiee that possibly could be desired.
_39, Albemarle-street,
York Hotel. W. Piccadirly.--Observe—opposito the