The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-06 00:00:00

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DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD
MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATO RRIICE A ,
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
lust Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
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sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps,
ANHOOD : the CAUSE arid CURE of PRE-
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INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
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CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of
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REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
`Curtis on Manhood.—Thus is a truly valuable work,im Times,"
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The following is the sixth of a series of discourses,
delivered at Christ Church, New-road, by the Rev.
Robert Ainslie, on Sunday last:—
ON THE TENDENC i ES OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT
IN ENGLAND, 1688-1750.
Romans, 2d chapter, latter part of the xv. verse.
" Their thoughts the mean while accusing, or
else excusing one another." •
The Essay to come under notice this evening is
the longest but one in the volume. It is not on a
controversial topic; it is rather a review of the
theological controversies that raged in England for
about 62 years, or from 1688 to 1750. It is written
with great ability, and the writer is thoroughly
master of his subject. There is one passage, and
only one, that the Memorialists cite as objection-
able. " The Career of the evidential school, its sue •
cess and failure—its success in vindicating the ethi-
cal part of Christianity, and the regulative aspect of
revealed truth; its failure in establishing the super-
natural and speculative part have enriched the his-
tory of doctrine with a complete refutation of that
method as an instrument of theological investiga-
tion." Instead of reading on continuously the Me-
morialists leave out the following explanatory pas-
sage, and thus present the Essayist's views without
the qualification'that was immediately before them.
[" This judgment, however, must not be left un-
balanced by a consideration on the other side. It
will hardly be supposed that the drift of what has
been said is, that common sense is out of place in
religion, or in any other matter. The defect of the
18th century theology was not in having too much
good sense, but in having nothing besides."] This
was omitted, and the following that is consecutive
is quoted :—" In the present day when a godless
orthodoxy threatens as in the 16th century to extin-
guish religious thought altogether, and nothing is
allowed in the Church of England but the formulae
of past thinkings, which have long lost all sense
of any kind; it may seem out of season to be
bringing forward a misapplication of common sense
in a by-gone age." This is the solitary objection-
able passage adduced by the memorialists from an
Essay of 75 octavo pages. The manner of quoting
it is unfair and unjust to the writer, and discredit
able to the memorialists. The 'latter part of the
quotation is however more injurious to the writer
than to any one else. It is his own description of
the state of the Church of England. It presents
that Church in a humiliating condition. There is
no doubt that within her pale there are some of the
most learned and best of men, and some of the
finest scholars in Europe ; and yet the Essayist says
that it is threatened to extinguish religious thought
altogether, and that nothing is allowed but the for-
muloa of past thinkings -which have long lost all
sense of any kind. The statement is unconditional,
partial, abd exaggerated. You MAY think all the
religious thought in the homilies, the prayer-book,
and the bible, if you will keep your thoughts in har-
mony with the Articles, Canons, and ( reeds of the
Church. The conditions of freedom of course are
never complied with in a state of bondage. If a
man sells his conscience, faith, mental power, or
learning for Ecclesiastical position and emolument,
he cannot expect, nor ought he to have the right of
disregarding the term of the contract ? The Church
of England purposely shuts out from her pale, or
tries to do it, although called a National Church.
all who do not accept her Creeds, Catechism,
Articles, Canons, and Rubrics. Her aim has never
been as an establishment to examine the scriptures:
avail herself of biblical criticism, and the discoveries
and information of modern travel to keep her stan-
dards in harmony with the Bible. She, is built
upon Acts of Parliament passed in the Ist of Eliza-
beth, and the 14th of Charles 11. The House of
Parliament in those days decreed what was truth
in their judgment, and what should be truth, for
centuries to come. Owing to the foundations being
laid in several pieces, different parties erect their
own little places of refuge upon them. The old
high orthodox party—the modern Anglican party—
the low church—the broad church—the Calvinistic,
the Artainian, and other sects are all there, and
strange as it may seem, they all give their assent
and consent to the same Articles, Canons, Offices,
Creeds, and Rubrics, and white they introduce no
"strange doctrine" they may remain quiet. They
must believe what their fathers, grandfathers, and
great grandfathers believed, and give their assent
and consent to it however foolish, erroneous, and
unscriptural, evert/thing in the prayer book being in-
controvertible. The 4th Canon especially declares
that " whosoever shall affirm that the Book of Com-
mon Prayer containeth anything in it repugnant to
the scriptures, let him be excommunicated, and only
restored by the Bishop or Archbishop, after repen-
tance of his wicked errors." The Essayist knows
this. It was decreed before he was born. He has
gone into chains voluntarily. He can throw them
off whenever he pleases. If he have a good living
or a good office he has only to resign it, and there
are thousands ready to wear the chains, however
galling, if they can but have the preferment.
lergymen should remember that of their own ac-
cord, they have put on the Ecclesiastical collar;
and by their own consent have been harnessed to
the huge and wealthy car. So far as the Essayist
complains as a man, an Englishman, a scholar—de-
voted to truth, to the enlargement of the domain of
knowledge, and the better understanding of the
Scriptures ' • I deeply sympathise with him ; but as
one of the 15 or 20,000 men who are in possession
of au old Ecclesiastical Edifice, who professedly
examined the foundations, and buttresses, before
they entered it, and pronounced them very good
who on entering saw the chains for the minds of
the inmates, and the gold and silver that they were
to receive for wearing them, for such a man as a
voluntary member of such an Ecclesiastical body
I have no sympathy. If he be unhappy, if his
conscience trouble him if he cannot digest
what he took on entering, let him leave,
breathe the air of freedom, respect himself,
and rely upon Divine Providence for whatever he
may require in the short sojourn of life. At the
same time it is deeply to be regretted that if we
must have a National Church, it cannot keep up
with scriptural truth, charity, and
modern science.
The Houses of Parliament endeavour to keep up
with true principles of commerce—sound principles
of civil and religious liberty—free thought, free
speeeh,andfrreeemparintns faithfultingß to utthheeretcwcloeszesttsicoafl
establishment
Parliament, the first of them 300 years old. Her
offices—her patronage—her conflicting interests—
the mixture of obsolete errors, with great and glo
rious truths—her relics of popery and priestly
power, all these oppress her, and make her repair
as dangerous as that of the • pire of an old Cathe-
dral. Some think it can be done, others think it
cannot. Convocation has been revived to try what
can be done. An attempt was recently suggested
by which godfathers and godmothers in the baptis
mal service might be put under new regulations;
but for the present it has fallen through. The
Scriptures know nothing of them. The Essayist,
as a highly educated, liberal .minded man, does not
sit easy with " the formulae of past thinkings" be-
fore him, which he says " have lost all sense of any
kind ;" but he has no liberty, no power to alter
them; and he must submit, however obnoxious and
ga,ling,or he must leave as the price of his freedom.
The Essay of which I am about to give you the
outline, occupies, as I have said, no less than 75
pages of the volume. It opens with Mr. Hallam's
favourable testimony to the real prosperity of the
community during the reign of George 11., to which
the Essayist puts in contrast the immorality and
licentiousness of the same period. He refers to the
manner in which High Churchmen treat the theo-
logy of this period, but intimates that the facts of
history cannot be disposed of by forgetting them.
He refers to the partiality of the writers of Eccle-
siastical history, and to the influence and effect of
theories upon the history of Theology. He reminds
us that antecedent, and immediately preceding
agencies are not to be omitted from our considera-
tion of the subject, and he specifies three of those
agencies, toleration—the re-kindling of the religious
consciousness,=aand the supremacy of reason. He
alludes to the matters in dispute:during that period,
and says that Locke's Treatise on the Reasonable-
ness of Christianity, may be said to have been the
solitary thesis of Christian theology in England for
great part of a century. The proving of the truth
of
o fdistinguishedNationalChristianity
religion
writers
the
occupied
o nse t
bothi n f g
the forth
sides.rt pens
h e n andsThereo
f t
hevwere
elevationeorst
e
Inioshleedas tbhya.ncotihuirritsy-efinvteitlaendsw,,eArs
Dtoistchoeurbseoooknpub-
the
Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion."
He refers to the two periods in which it was shown
that whatever was in the Bible was in harmony
with reason, and
Canonical
eotahl writings,
to the genuineness and
authority of the Christian records. He says, " Of
tracehonestofthe criticala enquirynicirnittieo the origin.and
com-
position
there
Cambridge,
but
andu
one
that was suggested from a foreign source. The
remains of Christian antiquity had sunk into obli-
vion, and were not disinterred until about the time
of the Tractarian movement. He refers to the
change that has taken Place in public opinion re-

lative to some of the greatest preachers of this
period. Such as South, Barrow, Tillotson, and
Sherlock, and adverts to the inconstancy both of
literary and theological tastes. He adverts to the
Deistical and Bangorian controversies, and to Bo-
lingbroke, Gibson, Prideaux, and Tillotsbn ; and to
Bishop Butler, lames. Foster, and others. The
sufficiency of natural religion was the turning
point of the dispute, and that while Christianity
was a particular scheme under the general plan of
Providence. Reason was needed for the verifica
tion of Christianity. He defines natural religion ;
says it is not fully known, and gives various expo-
sitions of St. Paul's words, "do by nature the
things contained in the law ;" and gives the
arguments both of Deists and Orthodox divines.
He alludes to the preachers of that period, and that
their congregations, as now, will be adapted to
their thinking, and their style of expression. He
also quotes Dr. Johnson's opinion of Whitfield as a
preacher. He then alludes to the common contrast
of the Rationalist preachers of the 18th century
with the Evangelicals, who displaced them, and
enters upon a curious examination after the manner
of Neale, of the number of texts of Scripture, in a
sermon by John Newton, by a Roman Catholic
Abbot and by John Blair. The Evangelical preacher
had twenty-one references; the Roman Catholic
fifty-seven, and John Blair thirty-seven. He says
that " where each text 'of Scripture has but one
one sense—that sense in which the writer penned
it—it can only be cited in that sense, without doing
it violence." He adds—" This was the turn by
which Seldon so discomfited the Puritan divines,
who, like the Catholic mystics, made Scripture
words the vehicle of the r own feelings. He alludes
to the style of preaching that succeeded to that of
the Puritans, and shows that there was' a decrease
of authority in the preacher, but that the state of
the argument was fully laid down before the hearers.
The prevalence of theological discussions he refers
to, and urges the necessity of fair play in debate,
and that for this publicity is the best guarantee.
He remarks that time cannot alter the force of
truth ; and quotes Burke's opinion on the preceding
age as contrasted with that then present. Burke
considered their forefathers deeper thinkers than
themselves, because they set a higher value on good
sense than on knowledge in various sciences, and
their good sense was derived very often from as
much study and more knowledge though of another
sort. He alludes to Pascal and his age—to the
argumentative defence of Religion—to the merit
of .Butler's Analogy, and pronounces upon it an ela-
borate eulogy. He alludes to the fact that by the
Revolution of 1688 the theory of Anglican autho-
rity was destroyed—he refers to the authority of
independency—the inner light—and to that of a
section of the Church of whom Cudworth is the
type, to whom " scripture faith is not a mere be-
lieving of historical things and upon artificial argu-
ments, or testimonies only, but a certain higher
and diviner power in the soul that peculiarly cor-
respondeth with the Deity." He tells us there can
be no mysteries of Christianity. The word " mus-
terion," as Archbishop Whately pointed out, means
in the New restament not that which is incompre-
hensible, but that which was once a secret, though
now it is revealed, it is no longer so. He refers to
the theology of Butler, both in his Analogy and
sermons ; and also to the use of the writings for
that period. He comments upon theology, and
says when it is stiffened into phrases, and these
phrases are declared to be objects of reverence, but
e
not
tnf
useless encumbrance—the
past—
blocking the road. Theology then reti, es into the
intelligence,brane—the rubbish of the it is on the way to become a
position it occupies in the Church of Rome—at
presett an unmeaning frost work of dogma—out of
all relation to the actual history of man. At the
period to which the essayist is referring two things
were prominent in theological and political circles,
personal slander and private vituperation. Porson,
at a later period, says the essayist, complains—
" In these ticklish times—talk of religion, it is
odds but you have infidel, blasphemer, -atheist, or
schismatic thundered in your ears; touch upon po-
litics you will be in luck, if you are only charged
with a tendency to treason. Nor is the innocenceof
your intention any safeguard." But theological
literature, as a written debate, bad a form of malig.
nant imputation peculiar to itself. Moral imputa-
tion which is justly banished from legal argument,
seems. to find a proper place in theological. The
Essayist then refers to the theology of the Hano-
verian period, as being of the most violently parti-
san character. It seats itself by its theory in the
judicial chair, but it is only to comport itself there
like Judge Jeffries. Healludes to several controver-
sialists of that period, and quotes a very pungent
description by Bentley of the state of things in the
Church ; and shows that while other men shared
largely of polemical abuse, Shaftesbury was treated
differently on account of his high rank. He then
cites two or three facts as indicative of the popular
feeling of the times; such as Mandeville's fable of
the bees—Bolingbroke's collected works—Toland's
Christianity not mysterious, were all presented as
nuisances by the Grand Jury of Middlesex. Toland
and Collins fled the country, but the persecutions
fell to the ground. At some length he alludesto the
Moral state of the clergy—the satires published
every week about them, and the feeling of contempt
for priests that generally prevailed. He alludes to
Cowper's well-known satire, and attributes the
commencenaent of the corrupt distribution of patro-
nage to the Duke of Newcastle. After referring at
some length to the corruption of manners that then
privailed, nevertheless, he says, " There cannot be
a darker picture than that drawn by the Fathers of
the 3d century, of the morals of the Christians in
their time," He then specifies David Hartley's
" Six Sources of Ruin," that threatened to over-
whelm the States of Christendom, and alludes to
the party recriminations as to the origin of this
corrupt state of public manners. It is some-
what strange and amusing to read the absurd
recriminations that were bandied about. High
Churchmen attributed the public profligacy
to the Toleration Act.' In a sermon preached before
the Lord Mayor it was attributed to a corrupt expo-
sition of the words of Jesus, " My kingdom is not
of this world." The Papists attributed it to the Pro-
testant Reformation—Warburton attributed it to
the bestowal of preferment by the Walpole admi-
nistration, and George 11. attributed the growth of
methodism to the fact that his Minister would not
take his advice and make the celebrated Whitfield
biehop. He refers to the Evangelical and Metho-
dis-teachers, to church authority, and to reason,
and concludes by saying " Whoever would take the
religious literature of the present day as a whole,
and endeavour to make out clearly on what basis
Revelation is supposed by it to rest, whether on
authority—on the inward light - -on reason--on self-
evidencing ,`.cripture—or on the combination of the
four, or some of them, and in what proportions
would probably find that he had undertaken a per-
plexing, but not altogether profitless, inquiry."
There are tendencies of religious thought, not
looked at nor intended to be looked at by the
Essayist, which are deeply interesting. In itself,
and apart from any particular period of history, the
tendency of religious thought is of great moment.
In reference to our ancestors, contemporaries, and
successors, we are all influenced by it, and more or
less are influencing others. Everything in the na-
tions and ages,—literature and science—faith and
devotion—that have existed before our time, and
to which we can get access, must be prodective of
instruction and benefit, either by warning, direct-
ing, controlling, or encouraging us in the path of
life. We owe much to our ancestors. They had a
fearful struggle with oppression, to obtain for them-
selves and -their posterity--political freedom, reli-
gious liberty, and the right to worship God as their
consciences dictated to them, Their contemporaries,
in other and foreign lands, succumbed to the yoke,
and their' descendants have suffered oppression,
even until now. If we take a broader and more an-
cient view of those who have lived before us, we
owe them much. The literature of past ages, con
taining philosophy, poetry, history, and morals, has
had a powerful influence in moulding the men of
the present generation. The tendency of the reli-
gious thought of the Ist century has been fearfully
counteracted by the selfishness and ambition of those
who in subsequent centuries had to teach it. They
buried it as quickly as they could, for it was inimical
to deceit, selfishness, ambition, superstition, and
tyranny. What we want now, and what I believe is
the aim and the end of the essayists, is to get back
to the Christianity of the Ist century, especially as
taught by Jesus. Everything he uttered had a de-
finite meaning. It was true, noble, devout, good and
benevolent. He burst asunder the fetters of Judaism,
enlarged the domain of worship and divine service,
until he embraced the whole human family. The
divine religion he taught was free for the spirit of
man, and intelligible and definite as the rule of his
life. He left no creed—no system of theology. It
was no part of his instructions to build up wealthy
ecclesiastical kingdoms. He gave the people truth
and told them the truth should make them free. He
told them to love one another, and exemplified it br
laying down his own life for mankind. Unselfish-
ness and self-sacrifice were two of his constant prac-
tical lessons, and he urged the cultivation of uni-
versal brotherhood. If the religious thought that
Jesus uttered was now the substance of public teach-

LIVERPOOL, MAY 5.

The Persia, which touched at Queenstown yes-
terday, has arrived. She left New York on the
25th ult., having been detained some hours for
despatches.
Agents have arrived by the Persia to 'purchase
rifled cannon of the Armstrong, Clay, and Blakely
patterns, also nearly 200,000 rifles and revolvers
for immediate shipment.
The latest despatch from Washington is to the
24th. The New York Regiment and the Bth
Massachusetts had just arrived. The Govern-
ment bad sent urgent demands for troops and
artillery to various places, as the capital was in
danger. In reply to a request for troops, the
Governor of Tennessee said he would not comply,
but would rather furnish 50,000 men against the
North.

At Washington the number of troops was esti-
mated at 6,000. Provisions were very scarce.
The public buildings were all barricaded. A
rumour that General Beauregard, of the Southern
army, was posted with 5,000 men on Arlington
heights, on the opposite shore of the Potomac
two miles as the bird flies from the White-house,
appears to have no foundation.
A letter from New York, dated April 19, says :
It is just eighty-six years to-day since the first
shot was fired in the War of American Indepen-
dence at Lexington, in Massachusetts, at break of
day on the warm morning of a prematurely sum-
merish day. On the anniversary of that day we
hear by telegraph of the first blood—and that, by
a singular coincidence, the blood of Massachusetts
men—shed in the new war, which has been com-
menced by those who seek to subvert all that was
accomplished in the struggle for Independence.
The great civil war that everybody has regarded
as an improbability is now fairly inaugurated—
blood has been shed, sectional animosities have
been aroused—Virginia has seceded, or will do so
soon in the van of the Border Slave States—there
is every probability that Kentucky, Tennessee,
Arkansas, and North Carolina will follow—Mary-
land is trembling poised between her allegiance to
the stars and stripes and her sympathy for slavery,
and everything now promises a war between the
consolidated Slave States and the American
Government—a war for the extension of African
slavery and the annihilation of constitutional
Government, except as subservient to that institu-
tion.

Mr. Lincoln had given audience to several Mary-
land delegates, whose mission was to induce him to
countermand orders for the passage of troops
through that State. In the course of one of the
interviews President Lincoln said he must have
the troops, and through Maryland they must come.
" They can't," he said, " come under the earth, and
they can't fly over it, and, mathematically, they
must come across ir. Why, sir, those Carolinians
are now crossing Virginia, and, hang me, what can
I do P" In reply to a suggestion that a peace policy
would be the best, he said, " There would be no
Washington, no Jackson, no spirit in that ; I must
run the machine as I found it." As the deputation

were departing he said, " I'll tell you a story.
You have all heard of the Irishman who, when a

fellow was cutting his throat with a blunt razor,
complained that he haggled it. Now, if I can'thave
troops direct through Maryland, and must have
them all the way round by water, or marched across,
out o'.-the-way territory, I shall be haggled'
Governor Hicks, of Maryland, made a similar ajTh-
cation to Mr. Seward, and suggested that hosti
should be suspended, and the differences between
the belligerents referred for arbitrament to Lord
Lyons, to prevent the effasion of blood. In reply;
ties

At Boston war vessels were being fitted out with
every expedition. The Minnesota was nearly ready
fo sail. The Mississippi was in a forward state.
The Niagara frigate had arrived.
In New York, Boston, and the other northern
cities the war feeling was unabated. At the former
city all public works had been suspended. On the
21st four large steamers left New York with troops,
viz., the Baltic, with the 12th Regiment ; the
Columbia, with the 6th ; the R. R. Cuyler, with the
71st; and the steamer Coatzacoalcos, with part of
the Rhode Island Regiment and Governor Sprague's
suite. Another Massachusetts regiment also ar-
rived, and was received on board the Ariel, which
would probably leave on the 22d. The Harriet
Lane conveyed the fleet.
Senator Douglas had made a speech at Renoir
(Ohio) in which he took strong ground in support
of maintaining the Union.
The Philadelphia Bulletin of the 23(1 ult. gives
reports from Virginia and Maryland :
" We had an interview this morning with a very
intelligent gentleman, who reached the city last
night from Alexandria, Virginia. Our informant
describes the people of Alexandria as violently hos-
tile to the Government. The Secession party had
complete control of the place, and they were deter-
mined that no soldiers from the north should be
landed at that point. On Saturday a vessel laden
with provisions for Government use was seized at
the wharf at Alexandria, and confiscated by the
State authorities. Arlington Heights, on the Vir-
ginia side of the Potomac, form an object of attest
tion, from the fact that they command NVashington.
It was understood that the Federal Government
had several hundred men at work erecting bat-
teries there last week ; but for some reason they
ceased operations on Saturday. There were no
rumours there of an advance of Southern troops on
the capital. On Saturday there were mysterious
movements of locomotives and empty cars from
Alexandria, and there was a belief that the object
was the transport of Virginia troops. In Washing-
ton everything was quiet on Saturday. There
seemed to be no immediate fears of invasion. All
Virginia money was 25 per cent. discount, while
Northern money was at a premium. Our informant
found Baltimore in a perfect fury of excitement on
his arrival there on Saturday night. The Secession
party had complete control of the city, and Seces-
sion badges and flags were displayed upon all sides.
The Stars and Stripes were not to be seen any-
where. During all Saturday night and Sunday the
streets were filled with excited people; soldiers
were moving about, and there was a general deter-
mination expressed that no Northern troops should
march either through the city or State. On Sunday
there was a report that Pennsylvanian soldiers were
marching towards Baltimore, and there was: per-
fect frenzy of excitement. The hardware an gun-
smiths'
themselvest
hsoldiers
Massachusetts
al
l wed shops were broken open, and the mob ar
hich attacked
by persons who
fraternised with the rioters, and but one sentiment
prevailed. The Northerners who were in the city
were
wereclosely called
ut ther to e
gquelli weaponsmen tth eafoundnm and
b in
Small'sthem.
Brigade
The
ade r
atc hb ee d
membersdogged
of a vigilance com-
to
com-
mittee. It was notorious that the mob intended
making an attack on Fort Milenry on S.tSaturdaynight. They were prevented from doing so by the
Maryland troops. Fort M'Henry has 600 men,
having been reinforced secretly towards the close
supposed 1Y watched
of last week ; 300 men form a sufficient garrison for
the fort. It was generally believed in Baltimore,
even by good military authority, that the comman-
der of the fort had instructions to shell the city in
the event of any further interruption to the passage
of Northern troops through Baltimore. It was be-
lieved, too, that it was the intention of the United
States' Government to occupy the city and keep
open communication with the North. Virginians
reported in Baltimore and through the State that
2,500 Virginians quartered at Harper's Ferry are
in a condition of actual starvation. Foraging parties
had gone over the Maryland line in search of food,
and they had been driven back. At Frederick,
Maryland, our informant found the people
much divided in sentiment concerning Seces-
sion. There was a very strong feeling of indigna-
tion against Virginia for making Maryland the
battlefield. At Hagerstown, Maryland, the
Union sentiment was in the ascendant. A Seces-
sion flag was displayed on Saturday night, and the
people of the town compelled the party exhibiting
it to take it down. 'Western Virginia was univer-
sally conceded to be loyal to the Union. As sfo:lnt
as the State line was crossed, our infor
manyenn-
crom
himself safe under the National flag in loyal
sylvania. The star-spangled banner floated
eopLe
every barn, dwelling, and workshop,
were enthusiastic in their devotion
the ,
Episcopal
On Saturday some 30 students at
andria, started for
Theological Seminary, at Alq themselves no
their Northern homes, deeming
longer safe on Virginian atnoathle
The latest telegfams from Baltimore are the fo]
lowing

“PHILADELPHIA, APRIL 23.
It -8 morning, that '
g, martial law was
is reported by arrivals from Baltimore, at
six o'clock thdi
citizens ordered into their
proclaimed,All the places of arnusemen't have been
houses.
d A gentleman who arrived from Baltimore
dose •
this evening, all the.
an
leaving there at nine o'clock this
morning,tes that when he left the report was
current in the hotels that news had reached there
via Annapolis that Fort Pickens was captured,
with serious loss of life. It is only given as a
rumour. He also says that Baltimore had been put
under regular martial law when he left. Although
strong guards were on duty the city
From Annapolis the Tory latest private despatches

" HAVRE DE GRACE, APRIL 23.
"The Baltimore papers of this morning received
here say that the excitement of Sunday has been
succeeded by comparative quiet and good order, and
that the people were tired of startling rumours.
In every direction scouts bad been sent out to guard
the approach of any body of men. Nearly all the
bar-rooms in the city were closed on Monday.
Daring the morning (Monday) several messengers
from the Cockeysville camp brought information
000 f e:ns movementsyhlavdancilaiPennsylvania.
Only
onnfal
were the Northern troops. It is
reported that a number of from 2,000 to 3,000
troops were there and
yabout short
buried
provisions. They
permittedarm ea.
T The
eon aG citizenso wv eerrnen
osrof Maryland to pass over any
bridges without a strict examination. By order of
Marshal Kane several waggon loads of bread and
tmroeoapt
aerenusemnbtetrobtehinegesaimckpaonfd tshueffePriennon. Threesylvania
yn
Maryland
adlf withinhaso r them
e
en-
campment. The troops had abandoned their en-
campment,popfo3seTdaroto he waiting for the
cars to return to itarrisbnrg or within the borders
were
proclamation convoking the Legislature to meet on
the 26th. A special election will be held in Balti-
more to-morrow for delegates to fill vacancies. On.
Monday afternoon the excitement had abated some-
what. A mail had been despatched North by a
waggon to the Susquehanna River, and thence by
railroad. The Baltimoreans complain greatly of
the want of mail and telegraph facilities. The
steamer Locus Point, from Boston for Little Rock,
Arkansas, has been seized ; also a large quantity of
saltpetre and brimstone from Pittsburg for Cincin-
nati, "_Eton Station. No provisions of any
kind are allowed to be transferred from Beltireore.
Violence has (Ara to Henry-W-Rofrmen,
the newly appointed colleen* of BaltimoOkat'Hif-
, per's Ferry, as ha *as eoming.tOAS city to
take possession of the office. Several Northerners
have been arrested as suspected spies, but dis-
charged. The city is now well supplied with arms.
The City Volunteers are largely increasing. Fresh
arrivals are constantly coming in from the country.
Between 300 and 400 coloured residents have offered
their services. The Southern Rights Convention
have nominated the following candidates for dele-
gates :—John C. Bonne, Ross Winians, Henry M.
Warfield, Dr. J. Hanson, Thomas F. Palkin, Scott
H. M. Morfett, S. Teacle Wallis, C. H. Pitts, W.
G. Harrison, Lawrence Langston.
"A passenger from Baltimore, at 11 this morn-
ing says that he heard nothing about Pensacola
when he left. The city was quiet. Martial law
was enforced, and the troops arriving from the
country had been sent back to hold themselves in
readiness, there being sufficient force in the city.
" 9 o'clock.—A gentleman just from Washing-
ton, at 7 this morning, via Baltimore, 1 o'clock this
afternoon, reports the affairs of both cities in statu
quo. He had heard of the capture of Fort Pickens
and a large loss of life on the road, but not at Bal-
timore. Extras were issued there, but none were
brought on. A system of martial law exists in
both cities, but it was not officially proclaimed. A
large Union meeting was held at Elkton, Maryland,
to-day ; 800 delegates were present. A resolution
was passed to the effect that Cecil county will not
secede, let Maryland do what she will.' Gen. Dare
has established a camp at Perrysville to-day. All
the troops are in good condition and are drilling.
The camp at Perrysville contains 2,500 men. A
party of marines joined last night, with two pieces
of artillery. A sentinel was unfortunately killed
last night, owing to a misunderstanding. While
on duty an officer with some friends attempted to
pass the latter through, but the sentinel not know-
ing him refused. He was about firing, on ad-
vancing, when the officer hailed another sentinel,
bidding him fire. This order was obeyed, and the
man fell dead. He belonged to Norristown."
" HARRISBURG, APRIL 23.
" Caleb Cushing arrived here yesterday, and left
for Washington on Sunday. He says that General
Lee, with 5,000 Virginian troops, was covering
Arlington Heights. The camp at Cockeysville had
broken up, and the troops were returning here to
go South via the Susquehanna River. A merchant
of Baltimore has arrived here via Frederick and
Hagerstown. He left Baltimore yesterday after
noon. There were no Union flags flying, and but
few Secession flags. No attacks had been made on
Fort M'Henry. He thinks there were no more
than 200 Federal troops there. He believes the Fede-
ral troops can now pass through the city unassailed.
Military drilling and marching to the sound of
music were alone to be seen. Business was entirely
suspended, and there will not be a solvent house in
Baltimore within a week. Virginia money was at
30 per cent. discount yesterday. The same gentle-
man was at -Washington on Sunday evening. There
w ere no Virginian troops on Arlington Heights.
This is one day later than Caleb Cushing's report.
He says the Baltimoreans will not attack 'Wash-
ington. He reports the Bth Massachusetts and the
7th New York regiments at Annapolis. Some
fighting had occurred, but he is unable to give any
save that they are able to protect them-
selves. Maryland money was refused entirely by
the banks of Harrisburg yesterday at any price.
The brokers buy it at a heavy discount."
The captain of the surveying vessel Varina had
attempted to escape with his vessel from the
Brooklyn Navy yard. The crew, however, suspected
that something was going on wrong, and succeeded
in communicating their feelings to the commander
of the receiving ship North Carolina. A " line "
was thrown across the stream, the Varina un-
manned, put out of commission very unceremo-
niously, and her ship's company transferred to
" the Guards." The brig of war Perry had been
commissioned for blockade purposes, and was likely
to be dispatched to Mobile. The Perry is one of
the three brigs on the Navy register, is 280 tons
burden, and was built at Norfolk in 1843. She
last served in South America with the Paraguay
fleet, of which Commodore Shubrick was com-
mander-in-chief. She took on board a very heavy
armament of six guns, over 480 rounds of shot
ab
innde
s shell,pistols, and
ahne
dusual allowance
dn g.p ike of muskets, s
.T
he
steamer
care
Monticello was fitting out at the Navy yard.
The New York Courier and Enquirer gives an
account of the destruction of the Norfolk Navy-
yard as follows :

" The steamtug Yankee, Captain Germain, from
Charleston Bar on the 15th via Norfolk, on the
21st, p.m., arrived to-day. She has three passen-
gers from the Navy-yard at Gosport, and has had
very heavy weather both on the outer and home
passage. Has lost smoke-stack, and received con-
siderable other damage. On arriving at Charles-
ton Bar and finding the fleet had gone she put about
for Norfolk ; arrived there on the 17th at 4 o'clock
p.m., and finding a movement on foot to seize the
boat proceeded to the Navy-yard, and placed the
steamer under their guns ; on the 18th the Custom-
house officers came to seize her, when the Commo-
giment .
Commo-
dore of the yard refused to give her up, saying if
they attempted to take her by force he would blow'
osport.
her out of the water before they could reach Nor-
folk—which quieted the mob who had congregated.
The Yankee took the
ltngpotfroioninpon
,ffiegtleraoctosweytn , to
Fofi
rn_iFddeoi_an .
For-
tress Monroe. On the way sh 6 groundedhee urr
e Secesis-
Island, and was two hours getting off.
in charge had
sionists, observing the escape of the Cumberland,
1 below her.
commenced obstructing the channel below
t N
After towing the frigate she Pr
Here t
Pi e auld' rsbeinreen:
ewronroe, woere oard,
canY—cawoenni oagimhddvrshekn
le
ftnpdi
n.oecwrunaetonchirTc:fieehnhode(r3eedadsadete:niPishnatwfaetreintht
ah;Fr
aenorvee flag
o d.ltte.
er
eehfatottaesr
she re-
, just arrived
at G
Yth officerste:d-WscßiNf
publice
hands of the enemy. They
had scuttled all the ships. The Cumberland, being
the only ship in commission, cut
f down the shears,
and rendered most of the other property useless.
The object of the riot h
frus-
trated by the scuttling having been partly
of the ships it was in-
tended that the Federal forces should leave. Pre-
parations Were made to make the demolition com-
plete, to blow up the dock and burn the property,
all things to be ready by daylight. The Pawnee,
with the Cumberland in tow, assisted by the Yankee,
started, and after passing the Navy-yard sent up
a rocket, a preconcer a te_ signal to apply the
match, and in an instant ships, ship-houses, and
store-houses were in flames, and so rapid were
they that Commodore Rogers, of the
it would fall
Navy, and
Captain Wright, of the Engineers, were unable to
reach the point of rEndezvous, where the boat was
in waiting, and were necessarily left behind.
Among the most valuable property destroyed were
the line-of-battle ship New York, on the stocks ;
Merrimac, first-class screw ; Germantown sloop-of-
war, just ready for sea ; Plymouth and Dolphin
brigs. Also, the Pennsylvania, Columbia, and Foto*
mac frigates, Columbus and Delaware liners, all of
the last named being hulks and nearly worthies&
Large quantities of provisions, cordage and of
chinery were also destroyed, besides buildings u
great value ; but it is not positively known that the ri
dock was blown up. The burning of thel-lara
0 in
at Norfolk was done by the Union nun WON ar

* majority, but comparatively unarmed. The Cum-
berland was 60 short of her complement. When the
Pawnee came up to the Navy-yard, both the Cum-
berland and AletriMaC lay broadside to her, guns
loaded, thinking she was in the hands of the Seces-
sionists. On board the Pawnee an opinion prevailed
that a similar state of affairs existed on board those
ships, and she was ready accordingly. When the
Cumberland hailed, 'What steamer is that ? the
anwer was, The United States' steamer Pawnee.'
The cheering on board the vessels and on shore told
how satisfactory the reply was. The Union men
employed in the Navy-yard cut down the flagstaff,
so that it Could not be used by the enemy. The guns
at the Navy-yard and St. Helena were spiked. The
Yankee has gone to the Navy-yard at Brooklyn."

ANOTHER ACCOUNT.
"The steam tug Yankee, Capt. Charles Germain,
which was one of the supply fleet that went to
Charleston, arrived here yesterday noon. Through
the politeness of Mr. Russell Sturges, the owner,
and Captain Germain, our reporter learnt the fol-
lowing facts :—The Yankee put into Norfolk in
distress and short of coal on the 18th inst., and had
soon to leave her moorings on account of the rebels,
who were about to attempt to seize her. She had
kept steam on, expecting them, and went over to
the Navy-yard for protection. Here the captain
found Commodore 11,PCauley, in charge of the
yard, with about 50 marines. His officers had
all resigned, but still hung around, acting as spies
for the Secessionists, while rebels were making
every preparation to take both yard and
nearshir
•
The rebels had erected batteries in the woods,
the yard, as well as along the river and on Crany
Island and Sewell's Point. The Yankee, after
taking in 25 tons of coal, prepared to T
aid the Com-
he rebels had
a
modore out of his critical position-
laid all their plans to seize the xra and war vessels.
The Pawnee fortunately eame i
Sntoatu Norfolk on
wit Sa-
h
turday, with 800 men, and all Saturday night,
the aid of the Marines and the crew of the Yankee,
they were at work, under directions of Commodore
M'Cauley, destroying the arms and all property
that could not be moved, as the only alternative to
prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. Tne,
rebels, haatios night before broken into the magazine
and stolen most of the powder. The forces above
mentioned, after spiking the guns, chipping the
fuse, &c., so that they never could be used, threw
them and all the cannon balls overboard. They
then broke the engines of the frigate Merrimac and
scuttled her. They blew up the granite dry dock,
and simultaneously set fire to the Merrimac, James-
town, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Columbus, and
left them burning. The Pawnee started ahead, and
the Yankee immediately followed, towing the Cum-
berland, Capt. Pendergast, after her. Both frigates
moved away with guns pointed towards the city,
threatening to level it should the rebels fire from
their batteries. So effective was the whole move-
ment, however, that the chivalry were awe-stricken.
They stood along the wharfs like so many statues,
with muskets on their shoulders, but they did not
attempt to fire. Their batteries kept silent, and
although they had seen most of the work of destruc-
tion progressed with they knew better than to even
make remonstrance. The forces left nothing behind
that would be of any service to the rebels. Several
of the houses in Portsmouth, near the navy-yard,
caught fire from the ships, and were burning, add-
ing to the consternation of the rebels. The plan to
seize the yard and vessels had evidently been on foot
long before the secession of Virginia, and had it not
been for this prompt action of the Commodore,
aided by the Pawnee and the Yankee, the rebels
would have succeeded. It was a Providential
occurrence that the Yankee put 'into Norfolk, for
the Pawnee would not probably have been able to
tow the Cumberland out. The captain of the Yan-
kee is one of those determined men who would have
allowed his vessel to be blown up rather than that
the rebels should capture her. On going over the
bar the Cumberland struck the sunken vessel placed
there by the rebels to obstruct the channel, and
completely tore off her deck. The remainder of the
hull, strange to say, stuck to the Cumberland, and
was thus towed off into deep water and sunk. The
Pawnee helped to tow her part of the way, going
alicad with a hawser. The Keystone State, which
had landed Massachusetts troops at Fort M'Henry,
came to the assistance of the vessels, but not until
they had got over the bar. Captain Germain left
the Cumberland anchored in Hampton Roads, and
the Pawnee at Old Point Comfort, awaiting orders,
he supposes, as well as to act as a blockade of Nor-
folk. The Merrimac was a first-class frigate ; the
Jamestown and the Pennsylvania, old vessels; and
the Delaware and Columbus, as we are informed,
were almost past doing service."
ANOTHER ACCOUNT. _ _ _

" Captain Alden, who came here in the Yankee
yesterday, reports that he was sent to Norfolk to
assist in the destruction of the Navy-yard. The
Cumberland was towed out, and forms a blockade
of the James River. The Pawnee (gunboat) car-
ried the officers, marines, and soldiers to Washing-
ton. She has a powerful battery, capable of
knocking to pieces anything that Secessionists can
construct. The burning of the yard and vessels
was a perfect success, but he fears that Captain
Rogers and Captain Wright, United States Engi-
neers, who remained behind with four or five men,
perished. He had no doubt but they had perished."
The following is the proclamation of the Gover-
nor of Virginia—
Whereas seven of the States formerly compos-
ing a part of the United States have, by authority
of their people, solemnly resumed the powers
granted by them to the United States, and have
framed a Constitution and organised a Government
for themselves, to which the people of those States
are yielding willing obedience, and have so notified
the President of the United States by all the for-
malities incident to such action, and thereby be-
come to the United States a separate, independent,
and foreign Power; and whereas the Constitution
of the United States has invested Congress with the
sole power ' to declare war,' and until such declara-
tion is made the President has no authority to call
for an extraordinary force to wage offensive war
against any foreign Power ; and whereas, on the
15th inst., the President of the United States, in
plain violation of the Constitution, issued a procla-
mation calling for a force of 75,000 men, to cause
the laws of the United States to be duly executed
over a people who are no longer a part of the Union,
and in said proclamation threatens to exert this
unusual force to compel obedience to his mandates;
and whereas the General Assembly of Virginia, by
a majority approaching to enure unanimity, de-
clared at its last session that the State of Virginia
would consider such an exertion of force as a virtual
declaration of war, to be resisted by all the power
at the command of Virginia, and subsequently the
Convention now in session, representing the sove-
reignty of this State, has reaffiemed in substance
the same policy, with almost equal unanimity ; and
whereas the State of Virginia deeply sympathises
with the Southern States in the wrongs they have
suffered and in the position they have assumed, and
having failed in that attempt through this unwar-
ranted act on the part of the President, and it is
believed that the influences which operate to pro-
duce this proclamation against the Seceded States
will be brought to bear upon this commonwealth if
she should exercise her undoubted right to resume
the powers granted by her people, and it is due to
the honour of Virginia that an improper exercise
of force against her people should be repelled ;
therefore I. John Letcher, Governor of the common-
wealth of Virginia, have thought proper to order
all armed volunteer regiments or companies within
the State forthwith to hold themselves in readiness
for immedate orders, and upon the reception of this
roclamation to report to the Adjutant-General of
the State their oreati,isation and numbers, and pre-
pare themselves for efficient service. Such compa-
nies as are not armed and equipped will report that
fact, that they may be properly supplied.
"Ix witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand, and caused the seal of the commonwealth to
be affixed, this 17th day of April, 1861, and in the
85th year of the commonwealth.
" JOHN LETCHER."
From Virginia comes a report, among others, that
an attack on Fort Monroe was contemplated.
Eight vess
els of war were reported off the har-
bour of Pensacola on the 22d,
inforcements 'for • supposed to have re-
ort Pickens.
A telegram from Illinois to the 23d states that
Cairo, Illinois, was invested by
1,000 Federal troops,
and 4,000 more were expected soon.
From New Orleans to the tad we learn that 1,000
Tennesseans were on their way to - •
leen the Confede-
rate army. The steamer Marquis dE, Habana had
been purehased by the Southern Confeeemy and
would soon be fitted out as a war steamer,
Governor Houston, of Texas, had emphatically
denied having communicated with the Lincoln
Government. Ho also denied that he claimed still
to be Governor of Texas, and said that he had re-
tired to private life, and should never leave it ex-
cept for the defence of his country.
Mr. Seward is reported to have addressed a note
to Senor Sessaro, the Spanish Minister, protesting
against the Spanish expedition to St. Domingo, and
reminding him of the good faith of that Govern-
ment in all transactions with Spain. Copies of
the protest had beer, forwarded to the British and
French Legations.

THE EASTERN FisiIBRIES.—The spring herring
fishery is proceeding on the eastern coast in a tolerably
satisfactory manner, although the catch has not been so
great as it was last year. Prices have ranged from Bd, to
is, per 100,

LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 6, 18P1,

Manehrster must now set her house in order.
Long has she dealt very gently with American
slaveholders; they supplied her with cotton at the
cost of robbing three or four millions of human
beings of every right which makes it worth while
to be a man, yet Manchester not only was silent
herself, but was angry with all who denounced the
" Domestic Institution." Not only did she look
upon " Abolitionists" c, in the Free States, as little
short of rebels, and even try to get up a cant cry
of Atheism against them, because they claimed for
black men the Christian rights which the churches
and clergy of America denied them ; but, as we
have reason to remembek if liberal journals
spoke freely of the injury done to the cause of
free Government and of Christianity, by the
inconsistent atrocity of American slavery in a free
and professedly Christian land—by its then organ,
Mr. BRIGHT, such journals were reviled as inter-
meddlers, as breeders of between nations,
and the like. For our part, we have never, like
the great orator, cared about the good-will of slave-
holders, least of all of American slaveholders.
However, what they really are must now be appa-
rent to Manchester itself. For no tangible cause
whatever—simply because one election proved that
the North would not allow them, being but a
minority, for ever ,to select the Sovereigns of
the country, and to fill every office, even the
supreme bench of justice, with their parti-
sans—for no other cause, without one in-
justice done them, they secede—break up the
Union and plunge the country into war. Their
one object is, the infernal one, of the supremacy of
pro-slavery institutions. They have chosen to do
battle for the most inhuman of institutions ; but,
in doing so, if they have not shocked the philan-
thropy of Manchester they have at least shocked
her cotton sensibilities, and Manchester must be
awake in time. If she does not see to it, that her
agents go forth to all cotton-growing countries, to
India especially, and stimulate production for the
very next crop, if she does not look to saw-gins, to
cleaning, packing, and conveying to the nearest
ports, she will most likely find that
in tho next season American cotton will
fail her. War will have interfered with the
cultivation ; a slave insurrection may have
stopped it altogether; or at best, a vigorous blockade
may have piled up the cotton bags in Southern
warehouses, perhaps have converted them, as in the
late war, into extempore defences.
One thing is now certain, our anticipations have
been but too correct. The North is roused as one
man. All parties coalesee to resist and revenge
Southern insults. Democrats shake hands with
abolitionists and free-soilers. Merchants and Cham-
bers of Commerce meet and vote warlike resolutions.
Lawyers even meet and offer gratuitously to trans-
act the business of such of their member as may
leave home with the Militia to defend the
capital and chastise the South. New York
City, of all places in the Union,—The city
which did millions annually in Southern trade,
which was supposed to be as bound up with slavery
as New Orleans itself, is in one flame of excitement
since the attack on Fort Sumter. An interesting
letter from an able correspondent of a contempo.
racy, will give our readers the views of an eye-
witness on the almost unparalleled indignation and
zeal for action which has been aroused in the North
by the conduct of the Southerns. If the President'sotos
war proclamation was cold and hesitating, not
has been the response to it. Regiments of militia
put themselves at ogee in march ; regiments of
citizens, in which not only working men but the
sons of professional gentlemen, and wealthy persons,
serve even as privates. Three days after the news
of the attack of the Baltimore mob on the Massa-
chusetts regiment sufficed to convert New York
from a great commercial toNs n into a great camp.
From all we can gather, 'Washington does not
appear to be immediately threatened, but none can
tell what may occur there in a few days. It lies in
its own little ten miles square on the River Poto-
mac, in Maryland and Virginia. It could be shelled
from the
Virginian
side of the river; and the
heights on that
"
'd
isure not protected by military
works. Maryland
Unwilling that the Federal
troops should march through the little territory
intervening between Washvi ni gat
toank e and
nPc ehn
lnesayvle-
vania, but the PRESIDENT
doessho not like their pre-
rtest country route.
hifthßeahltbimy othree
sfoenr
manadre,
Washington is of no strategical value, but the
North will never abandon the capital to the South
and the rival President, without a struggle; and

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THE SUN.