The Sun.
London, England, 1857-01-23 00:00:00

R. HOWARD, surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet-
street, has introduced an entirel9 new description of ARTI-
!MAL TEETH, tlxed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so
erfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished trona
he original by the closest obse.'ver: they will never change colour or
'ecay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used.
rhis method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful
Aeration, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
earanteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth
rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At
,ome from ten till five.

BRITISH. COLLEGE OF HEALTH, New-
road, London.—MORISON'S VEGETABLE ITNITEINAL
MEDICINE Is the only medicine that strikes at the root of all dis-
eases. This has been proved ny an experience of thirty years during
which time upwards of 40",000 cases of cure have been effected The
liygelan agents throughout the world are unanimous upon the
flygelan system of medicine introduced by James Morison, the
Ilygeist, who not only taught the public how to cure their own ail-
ments, but also rescued the world from the dangers of false medical
doctrine,. The monument lately raised to his memory by a penny
subscription sufficiently attests the importance of his discoveries.

OYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inu-road.
Patron—The QUEEN.—Founded 1828.
The sick poor ire admitted on their own application alone: no re-
;oi-itnetkl.tien is required.
During the past month the following number received the benefits
.1 this Charity, either 8.3 out or in-door patients, on tacit personal
ppllcation:—

Week ending 7th November 2,154
Ditto 14th November 2,043
Ditto 21st November
Ditto 28th November....., 2,303
9th and 30th November•• ••

in r • • 8.
,f which 2,775 were new cases, theNovemb reemainder (5ti11747 under treat-
ment) having been admitted previously.
The clergy of all denominations have unlimited access to the
patients.

litavy expenses are inevitably incurred in affording such oaten-
-4lve relief. The Committee, therefore, earnestly entreat the aid of
the public.

The management of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Goveraors,
'early elected from the general list of subscribers, at the Annual
:eneral Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday, at
4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Chairman), to conduct the business,
when any subscriber may attend, if so disposed, the Board being at
11 times desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation.
The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun-
tary contributions and legacies, which are received by the Treasurer,
ohn Masterman, Esq., M.P., Nicholas-lane ; also by Messrs. Coutts
:nd Co. ; Drummond and Co.; Berries and Co. ; Ransom and Co. ;
Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payn^, Pnd Co.; Glyn and Co. ;
Tones Loyd and Co.; Barclay and Co.; Denison and Co.; Williams
Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co., Ber-
ners-street ; Masterman and Co.; and at the Hospital.
Clothmg for the destitute patients will be thankfully received.
By order. J. B. OWEN, M.A., Chairman.

NO MORE PILLS NOR ANY OTHER MEDICINE.
FOR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION, DYSPEPSIA, NERVOUS, ISILIOUS, AND
LIVER COMPLAINTS, COUGH, ♦STHMA, CONSIIMPTION, AND DEBILITY.
DU BARRY'S delicious HEALTH-RESTOR-
ING REVALENTA ARAIIICA FOOD saves fifty times its
cost in other remedies, and cures the above complaints and their
consequences, such as hemorrhoidal affections, flatulency, disten-
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hysteria, neuralgia, deafness, noises la the head aad ears, pains at
the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, erup-
tions of the skin, imouri,les and poverty of the blood, scrofula,
dropsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness durh3 pre.:tnancY,
after eating, or at sea ; low spirits, spasms, epileptic fits, splem,
general debility, inquietude, sleeplessness, Involuntary blushing,
paralysis, teem rs, dislike to society, unfitness for study, loss of me-
mory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustion, melan-
choly, groundless fear, wretchedness. It is, moreover, the
best food for infants and invalids gene:al y, as it never
turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor in:er,ei es soL i a
good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and di aner,
and restores the faculty of digestion and net vous and rarsculay energy
te the most enfeebled. Supported by testimonials from the celebra-
ted Professor of Chemistry Dr Andrew Ure, Dr. Shorland, Dr .Har-
vey, Dr. Campbell, I)r. Gattiker, Dr. Wurzer, I)r. Ingram, Lord
Stuart de Decies, the Dowager Count.lss ofCastlestuart, and 50,000
other well-known individuals, whole health has been restored by
this useful and economical diet, after all other means had been tried
in vain fur many years, and all hopes of recovery *ban toned.
Analysis by the celebrated Professor of Chemistry Andrew Ure,
F.R.S., &c., &c.
" London, 24, Bloomsbury-square.
" I hereby certify, that having examined Du Barry's Revalenta
Arabica I find it to be a pure vegetable Farina, perfectly whole-
some, easily digestible, likely to promote a healthy action of the
stomach and bowels, and thereby to counteract dyspepsia (Indiges-
tion) constipation;and their nervous consequences.
"ANDREW uaz, M.D., F. &c., Analytical Chemist."
Ukase by the Emperor of Russia.

" Russian Consulate General, London, Dec. 2,1847.
" TheConsul-Cleneral has been ordered to inform Messrs. Barry,
Du Barry and Co., that the Revalenta Arabica they had sent to his
Majesty the Emperor, has by imperial permission, been forwarded to
the Minister of the Imperial Palsc
Suitably packed for alt climates, and with full instructions. In
canisters, lib 2s Od ; 2lb 4a Gd ; 51b lls ; 121 t, 22s ; super refined
qualify, 11b63 ; 21b lls ; .51b 29s ; 101 b 33s The 101. and 121 b cants-
t...rs are forwarded carriage free. on receipt of Post-ottice order.
Barry Du Barry
and Co 77, Ilegent-street, London; Fortnum,
Ntason, and Co.. purveyors to her Majesty, 182, Piccadilly, ; also at
CO, Gracechurch-street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 4, Cheardde ; GS,
Cornhill; 49, Bishopscate.str.et ; 35, Charing-cross; 54, Upper
Baker-street; 63 and 130, Oxford•street.

( NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIR:' CR

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HUMAN FRAILTY a Popular Medical
;
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THE AFFAIR AT CANTON.--It is asserted by "A
Merchant" that Yeh, the Governor• General of Cantopf
hag, in the short time during which he has been in
office, beheaded no lees than 70,000 human being!).

TESTA ifEYTARY JURISDICTION.

A meeting of the Law Amendment Society was held on
Monday night to receive a report from the committee ap-
pointed to consider the Testamettary Bills of last session
and Sir F. Kelly's letter to Lord Brougham, which we
published some weeks back. There was a large attendance
of members, and Mr. Pitt Taylor read the report :
He said that Sir R. Bothell, as representing the Govern-
ment, Sir F. Kelly, as representing the Opposition, and
Mr. Collier, as representing the independent members of
Parliament, had all arrived at the conclusion that no effec-
tual scheme of law reform, as applicable to wills and in-
testacies, could be carried out except by depriving the Ec-
clesiastical Courts of all jurisdiction in matters testamen-
tary, be ignoring the doctrine of bona notabi'ia, and by
breaking down the monopoly of the doctors and proctors.
The committee approved of these cardinal amendments of
the law. They advanced no arguments in support of thorn,
because no attempt had been made to question their po-
licy, and they considered it idle to parade proofs where
judgment had virtually been allowed to go by default.
Bat the first point on which the promoters of the several
bills of last session differed was as to the nature and the
functions of the tribunal or tribunals to be henceforth in•
trusted with testamentary jurisdiction. They all agreed
thatany Court on which testamentary jurisdiction was to be
conferred should deal with wills of nil as well as of personal
estate. They all, too, recommended, though they differed
in the details, that in certain cases probates and lettars of
administration should be granted by local tribunals. More-
over, the Attorney-General and Sir F. Kelly thought that
the court of probate should cons:rue the terms of all wills,
adjudicate upon the rights of le-sateso, and administer the
estates of deceased persons. On other mators far 1, 31
unanimity prevailed. The Attorney-Geneidl seemed anxi-
, us that a new Queen's court should be established, which
horrid virtually be an additional department of the Court
f Chancery, and that a single judge should preside in this
court, who would differ in little but the name from a Vie:-
Chancellor, who would deal with facts as well as law with-
out the intervention of a jury, and who would reply either
on affidavits or on testimony reduced to writing behind his
back by the examiner. Sir F. Kelly, while recommending
the establishment of a new court ani„ the appointment of
a single judge, proposed that this court should Ir 3 a court
of common law, examining the witnesses yin y, voce,
calling
in the aid of juries when necessary, and adoptingpleadings
and procedure wh ch should vie in simplicity with the
forms used in the County Courts. Mr. Collier contended
that no new court should be established, but that the tes-
tamentary jurisdiction should be transferred, according to
the amount of the property to be dealt with, either tothe
courts of common law or the County Courts.
The committee were not satisfied with any of these
schemes. They thought Sir R. Bothell, in introducing
into his court the system of procedure which prevails in
courts of equity, had committed a fatal error. No doubt
that system had been improved by recant legislation; bu'•
still many of the r ales of practice in Chancery, and espe-
cially those which related to pleadings and evidence, were
highly defective, and the mode of examining witnesses was
nearly as faulty ss any that could be devis3d. These objec-
tions were sufficiently weighty to foster and to justify the
continuing unpopularity of the Court of Chancery, and
they furnished an unanswerable argument against any
scheme for extending its jurisdiction. They had, too,
peculiar force when applied to testamentary caulks, which
generally turn on questions of sanity, undue influence, or
fraud, and require, beyond all other suits, to be dealt with
byjudges and jurors who have ample opportunity of watcl,
lug the demeanour of witneaseo. The committee objected
to so much of Mr. Collier's plan as related to the courts of
common law. They thought it very undesirable to impose
on the 15 judges the duty of master ing a branch of the law
with some portions of which they are almost necessarily
unfamiliar. They referred to that large and troublesome
class of suits which turn on the doctrines applicable to the
different grants of limited administ-stion and the like. These
doctrines are not very abstruse, and able lawyers might,if ne-
cessary, soon make themselves acquainted with their de-
tails; but the judges, wno have passed the meridian of life,
would probaoly not regard with much favour any scheme
which would necessitate a doper turn from the beaten track
of their ordinary duties, and convert them from adminis-
trators of the law into hearers of the law. Mr. Collier's
plan was exposed to two other objections. First, the Chan.
eery Commissioners of 1854 had pointed out that " uni-
formity of practice is of essential importance in regard to
the probate of wills ;" and this uniformity would not be
promoted by the transfer of the business to threeindepen-
dent courts of concurrent jurisdiction. Next, the com-
mittee foresaw great difficulty in framing any machinery
for duly controlling the registrars employed in conducting
intetrwfoer
the common form business, when once they were subjected
to th
threend thecommittee
s epar ate t ri una
would
s.
interference of
s ,'' a "No man
can notan
serve theere-
commend that the registrars of wills should be called upon
to serve throe.

Sir F. Kelly, in proposing the establishment of a separate
court, had an obvious advantage over Mr. Collier, and by
insisting that his court should be a court of common law
he placed in strong relief the principal defect of the Attor-
ney-General's measure. Thus far, then, his scheme was
excellent ; but it was open to certain objections. First,
his court was to consist of a single judge, who should enjoy
the rank and receive the salary of a puisne judge. This
arrangement was faulty. It was objectionable to increase
the number of our common law judges. It was not always
an easy matter to find 15 men of sufficient professional
eminence to discharge the functions of a judge in a really
creditable manner, and it would be inexpedient to
aggravate this difficulty, unless a case of necessity
were made out. But Sir Fitzroy had not established any
such case. A strong impression, too, prevailed in the
nintry that tho common law judges had not sufficient
nployment to occupy their time, and a commission had
,en appointed to report on the expediency of diminishing
their numbers. In the face of these facts the House of
Commons would not be very willing to sanction the ap-
p 'ointment of a sixteenth judge. Such a course was quite
unnecvsary. Instead of appointing a now judge for the
court of probate, three of the existing puisne judges should
constitute that court, one to be selected from the Court of
Queen's Bench, another from the Court of Common Pleas,
and the third from the Court of Exchequer. These judges
would still COCltinite to be members of their original courts,
and when not sitting as a court of probate would transact
business as ordinary cemmon law judges. They would be
appointed witcout additional salary, and when engaged in
the court of probate the remaining judges would make
arrangements for dispersing with their attendance in their
'respective courts. This plan presente 1 several advantages.
1. iet would save the salaries of a judge, secretary, usher,
and treinbearer, which could not be lees than 5,6001. a year,
and this matter derorved attention, re the measure must
cost the country dear in the alai)) of compensation. 2.
The :eubstitution of three judges for one would rid '
the authority of the Court, and would assimilate its pro-
ceedings to those of the other courts of common law. It
would also remove an anomaly; for, as all issuer of fact in
country causes arising out of disputed wills were to be sent
for trial to the essizes, if the court of probate were to
consist of one judge alone he would on every application for
a new trial be required to review the conduct of other judges
of co-ordinate or superior authority. 3. The plan world
impose on the common law judges come additional labour,
and thus tend to remove all caws for public disc Itisf .ction
on the ground of the judicial staff being disproportionately
large. No alarm nee I be felt legit by this arrangement the
energies of the judges should h 3 overtaxed; for, ee a large
portion of judicial business is during term transacted in
b..nco, the principal effect of employing one judge of each
court in the disposal of testamentary CAUEES would be to in-
troduce the practice of three judges hitting together, in-
stead of four—a practice which, although it would
increase the reeponarbility, geld add little to the labours
of each judge, and would not imneir the efficiency of the
Court. 4. The plan proposed would neutvliEe an objection
that has been urged in high quer 1.3/1 to the establishment
of a new court of probate. the I erd Chancellor, in 1851,
stated, on the authority of the Chancery Commissioners,
that the Ecclesiastical Courts were not occupied more than
63 days annually in contentious business relating to wills ;
and he then asked with much force, "bow it could porsibly
be advisable to create a new tribunal, which would have no
employment whatever 10 months in the year." Now, by
" creating anew tribunal," Lord Cran worth evidently meant
"appointing a new judge," and in this light his reaelning
was unanswerable ; bat if the court were to consist, not of
a new judge exclusively occupied in t:etament-zy matters,
but of three judges draught-1 from other courts, who when
the court of probate hal no business to transact, would be
employed in their ordinary avocations, the whole a*gument
crumbles to pieces. A fifth regent reason for preferring the
plan advocated by the committee to that of Sir Fitzroy
Kelly was to be found in the same debate to which allusion
had just been made, " le my opinion," said Lord Crag-
worth, "a minute division of labour in the higher depart-
ments of jurisprudence is highly inexpedient. I do not be-
lieve that a man who never considers anyother subject will
be as competent to determine a question of insanity, oe of
undue influence, as one who is in the habit of dealing with
such subjects in common with other questions to which his
judicial capacity is applied ; and so far from considering it
to be an advantage that only a single class of cases should
be submitted to each judge, I regard it in the light of a
serious disadvantage."
The plan of appointing some of the existing judge: to
sit as a separate tribunal and to deal with a particular
class of cases was not a new idea. It had long formed a
fundamental part of the Scottish system of judicature, and
it had been successfully adopted in England under the
provisions of the statute 3d and 4th William IV., cap.
41, in selecting the members of the Judicial Committee
o 7 the Privy Council. Nay, the same principle was
recognised to some extent in our three superior courts of
common law; for although in most legal matters the 15
judges exercise concurrent powers and perform similar
functions, yet certain exclusive jurisdiction is vested in
the Court of Queen's Bench with respect to Crimea and
parochial law, in the Court of Common Pleas with respect
to the law of Parliamentary elections, and in the Court of
Exchequer with respect to revenue causes.
The plan proposed would probably not be opposed by the
judges, as it would affect only three of them ; and if some
slight honorary distinction, in the shape of precedence or
the like, were conferred on the members of the court of
' probate, the ablest of the puisne judges would gladly con-
sent to qualify themselves for the office.
The second objection urged by the committee to Sir
Fitzroy Kelly's scheme has reference to the proposal, which
ho made in common with Sir Richard Bethel], that the
new court of probate should also be a court of construction
and a court of administration. Nearly one-half of the
tbhues
construed,ien setsastetrooafrnastaht ceetsetrdai
gt bohyrt
sht
olarfse Equity Judges has relatior to
testamentary causes. Either the terms of a will have to I- r
forms of equity procedure. at
01 eugea t
administered.e e h v e t o be definesA i e
theser
to deprive the Court of Chancery of a jurisdiction, but he wishes to confer on suits are, of course, conducted i
Sir Filtzaroc
the
administration co-ordinate accordance is
poa
eonslc
tne
oo
court—whichwat iot
fh intendtthh es
icsedto u r be e—aa common
similar
jurisdiction.law court, employingTnns, the
recommonwonhltabwo pt rwoo-
power, so far as the
o loif the effects
i n tt e
constructionp3nde nt tribunals
wills
a and
df
of deceased persons were concerned, and
with the matters before it in a mode essentially.duilffdedreenatl
from that which was adopted by the other.
meat could be• more unsatisfactory. The neowatngei
would do its work either better or worse than the Coullori
Chancery, or there would be no perceptible dityeroucerbo.

tween the two. If the work were done worse, the public
would sustain a positive loss by the change; if the work
were done equally well, the only effect would be that
five highly salaried functionaries would despatch business
which four can now despatch with ease; and if the work
were done better the court of probate would be thronged
and the Court of Chancery deserted, and the whole of our
judicial machinery, so far as the courts of equity are con-
cerned, would be thrown oat of gear.
This objection did not extend to Sir P. Betbell's scheme;
for, as in his court snits would be carried on through the
medium of the usual forms of proceeding in equity, there
would be no inconsistency in imposing on the judge of that
court several of the duties which now devolve on the ordi-
nary Vice-Chancellors. The scheme had other weak points
in common with that which Sir F. Kelly advocated. Thus,
both were open to the objection that, as the present staff
of equity judges was amply sufficient to keep down all ar-
rears in their courts, and as they now disposed of all
questions of construction and suits for administration, t
would be impossible to clothe another court with juris-
diction over these matters without diminishing the busi-
n ass, and thus impairing the efficiency of the existing tri-
bunals. Moreover, the committee doubted the expediency
of conferring on any one superior court the separate powers
of granting probates, construing wills, and administering
estates, on the ground that the union of these separate
functions in one court would afford a dangerous facility for
needless litigation. The advice given by lawyers to their
clients is not always disinterested, and it is notorious that
much less persuason is required to induce a man who is
already involved in law to take ulterior stops in the cause
than to commence legal proceedings de MVO. If the court
of probate were made a court of construction, so that an
attorney might suggest to an executor that it would be
prudent, on obtaining probate, to take the opinion of the
court on some doubtful expression in the will, many frivo-
lous questions respecting alleged obscurities would, for the
mere sake of costs, be submitted to judicial decision, which
under other circumstances, would never have been seri-
ously raised.
Sir F. Kelly's scheme was radically defective in another
point. In common with the Attorney-General and Mr.
Collier he recognises the necessity of conferring on certain
district offices or courts a limited testamentary jurisdiction.
But in selecting the districts he had committed a twofold
error. First, he had proposed the establishment of only 32
offices—a number absurdly insufficient, as the country con-
tained 52 counties, and was divided into 60 County Court
districts ; and next, he had been induced, apparently
through the influence of the local proctors and registrars,
to adopt subs:notially the present diocesan districts, and
this to fix his offices in most inconvenient localities. For
instance, no office was vouchsafed to Liverpool, the second
city in the kingdom, but every probate required by any one
of her 255,000 inhabitants must be obtained either at Ches-
ter or in London. Again, the West Riding of Yorkshire,
containing a population not far short of a million and
a half, had no court of probate nearer than York ; and the
whole of the county of Derby was left dependent on the
town of Nottingham. The people of Plymouth must
travel more than 60 miles to Exeter ; the men of Bits
mingham and Wolverhampton must go to Lichfield; and
the inland town of Winchester must furnish probates and
letters of administration for the 150,003 persons who re-
sided in Southampton, Portsmouth, and the Isle of Wight.
Mr. Collier had originated a far wiser plan, which was,
that the only tribunals to beentrusted with local testamen-
tary jurisdiction should be the County Courts. New local
courts should not be created to administer so small a subdi-
vision of the law as that which relates to wills and intesta-
cies. The more courts are multiplied the less chance there is
of securing anything like uniformity in decisions or proce-
dure. The creation of a court is always an expensive affair,
as it entails nut only the appointirent of a judge and a com-
petent staff of officers, but the purchase or renting of a
court house, with a registry. Morover, when two functiona-
ries in separate offices are partially engaged in transacting
business which might be disposed of by one in a single
office, each is unlikely to attain that efficiency which is the
result of experience and practice. The work, in short, will
be less well done, and the cost of doing it will be far
heavier.

On every ground it was desirable to intrust the County
Courts with whatever testamentary business it might ee
thought desirable to have transacted in the country. The
courts them selves were most conveniently situated for the
despatch of local business. All the larger ones had good
offices, and, what was of great importance when wills had
to be registered, they possessed fireproof rooms for the pro-
tection of their records. Tue registrars had been selected
in conroquerce of their known intelligence and integrity,
and where the business of the courts was at all extensive
they must be competent to perform the additional duties
which would devolve upon them by the plan proposed. No
doubt a little study and attention would be necessary at
first, and some slight awkwardness might be felt :•c start-
ing ; but a very few weeks would render the officers fami-
liar with the routine, and, practically speaking, the system
would work without any difficulty.

The committee next proposed that the registrars of the
County Coutts should act as district officers of the metro-
politan court with respect to all " common form " or non-
contentious business, where the estate of the deceased
amounted to 401. They should entertain applications for
probates or administrations, give directions respecting the
production of document 4 or proofs and the preparation of
affidavits, see that these direc' ions were complied with, and
transmit the papers to the court in London, in order that
they might be finally examined by one of the principal re-
gistrars. The actual probate or administration should be
granted by the metiupolitan court, and the documents,
when duly completed, should be returned to the local re•
gistrar, to be by him delivered to the proper parties. This
arrangement would be productive of much benefit to the
public, for it would enable executors and administrators
to transact their business without the aid of an attorney,
and would obviate the necessity of employing a London
agent.
The duties of the County Court registrars ought to be re-
stricted in the manner stated above—partly because this
course would best insure uniformity of practice, partly
because errors would be more likely to be discovered when
documents were subjected to a twofold examination; and
partly because the seal of the metropolitan court would bo
far better known than that of any County Court, and con-
sequently any attempt to utter a forged probate would be
more easily detected.
Next, when the property of a deceased person is sworn
under £3OO the County Court of the district in which he I
dwelt at the time of his death should be authorised to
grant probate or administration, whether in a contentious
or a non•contentions suit, and in all these cases the regis-
trar should transact the common form business, subject to
the control of the judge in cases of difficulty.
From a return published by the Chancery Commis-
sioner.; in 1854 it appears that, exclusive
of the Prero-
gative Court of Canterbury and the courts of the Arch-
bishop of York, the annual grants of probates and
•adminis-
trations, where the property was "v°lll under £3OO
1851
amounted on an average of the three years 1850, and
1852, to 8,947—a number sufficiently large to illustrate the
value of any measure which would facilitate, simplify, and
cheapen the proceedings required for obtaining
yet a nuuabor sufficiently small, when rei
with the annual returns of deaths, to prove how extensively
t li Din the
connectiongran
the annoyance, trouble, and expense
consequent on the
present testamentary system operate in deterring the per-
sonal representatives of deceased persons from perfecting
their titles according to law.

The committee further recommended that in cases under
3001, the County Courts should exercise all powers now
vested in the Court of Chancery with reference to the in-
terpretation of wills and the determination of the rights of
parties limier them, antialso with reference to the admi-
nistration of the estates of deceased persons. The metro-
politan court of probate should not be either a court of
construction or a court of administration,
because, ur der
the existing law, the Court of Chancery interpreted wills
andadministered estates in a tolerably satisfactory manner;
but we think that the County Courts should be clothed
with these powers with respect to properties sworn under
3001., because under the existing law there was practically
no court which could deal with such matters. The Court
of Chancery was only open to those who " put money in
their purse," and no man of ordinary prudence would seek
for the decision of a Vice-Chancellor, with a possible appeal
to the Lords Justices and the House of Lords, on a Cillea.
tion involving less than 3001. Aloreover, such a course
would afford no dangerous facility for promoting litigation
—for the fees to which professional men are entitled in the
County Courts were not sufficiently large to tempt them
to advise unnecessary proceelings for the sake of costs.
The committee did not recommend that all the 500cours
established in 1846 should exercise the powers of a court
of probate. In many of these courts the business trate
racted was extremely small, and the registrars had scarcely
sufficient official experience to justify their employment
in matters relating to wills and intestacies. More-
over; the court houses and offices were ineouveniext, and
no prone: fireproof registries had been provided
for them. It was therefore proposed that the experiment
should be tried with about one-third of the courts, the
Treasury being authorised to add to their numbers or to
vary their localities. in accordance with public conveni-
ence. Every court disposing of more than 1,009 plaints an-
nually ought to be intrusted with testamentary jurisdic-
tion, and the last county court returns showed that in 1855
107 courts were included in this category, 60 or 70 more
courts might be judiciously selected for the experiment,
be attached to
!ward being had to their accessibility with respect to
ight be thought
neighbouring towns;; and the districts of the remainingmtchooeusrsttesles
desirable. The county court judges could on this sub-
ch
ject furnish the best information, if the
clitoeudldc,ouforrts tienstasnau
marayn
npeurrpoassems
attention of each
was directed to the requirements of his own immediate
circuit. _ .

The committee declined to express their views on the
subject of compensation, which would no doubt be dealt
with by the House of Commons in a liberal, but not a
lavish, spirit. They, however, drew attention to two enact-
scia.ni9BmBn'compensation if
enact-
ments, with which the public are probably not very fami-
liar, viz. I—the1—the act of the 6th and 7th William IVau.,dct.h7e7y,
O.o9lE;cer of the
to the 22d of July,
barred with respect
ecclesiastical
ly
courts unless th,7
hrs
Prerogative
pointedsro,gaan to
appointmentuv let Oct thhoauat r and
dudoaufltdCanterbury
Victoria,perocant
of August, 183.:. In
thesehtloBa4vt7eh ;°bcagoaneffis dne
cs
the3enPrsor occlaimoifnmatlepl de
tonopt ircal;t9rimronPt oe the
mn telha granted as a mat ter
of favour, but it could not be denial:wed as a matter of right.
Mr. Taylor then moved that it would be expedient
1. That no Ecclesiastical,. Peculiar,. or Manorial Court
of probate and adini-
should exercise any jurisdiction in matters of testament:try.
82t.r
aTt
ihoaut
should
onowu ld
3. That such court should rank as one of her Majesty's
superior courts of record. .
4. That in such court barristers as well as advocates
and attorneys, as well as proctors, should pry ctise.
5. That the staff of such court should. consist of three
tersotpaoblitsahned7u court
judges, three registrars, and other inferior officers,
6. That her Majesty should appoint by sign-manual, and
without additional salary, one puma() judge of each of the
three courts of common law to constitute such court.
7. That wherever such court should be sitting, the re-
maining judges of the common law courts should make
arrangements for dispensing with the attendance of its
memberain their respective courts.
8. That such court should
.adopt, as far as possible,
common law procedure, lint without formal pleadings.
9. That issues of fact raised in such court should be tried
by a jury, unless the decision of the j udgo ware preferred. i
10. That in every such ssue the evidence of the wit-
;lessee should be taken vtl aVOGe in the pxowsiee of the jury

gorrajnutdegdeinexacneportdiinnacrayseascwtihoenreatcolamwm.issions would be now
11. That all country causes brought in such court should,
in the event of any fact being disputed, be transmitted for
trial at the assizes.
12. That all town causes brought in such court should,
in the event of any fact being disputed, be transmitted for
trial at the Nisi Prius sittings in London or Middlesex.
13. That where issue of fact shall have been decided
under either of the last two resolutions all applications for
new trials should be made to such court.
14. That the registrars of such court should deal with all
simple matters relating to common form business, but their
acts should be subject to the supervision of the court.
15. That all such matters as now form the subject of mo-
tions in the courts of probate should be capable of being
heard by a single judge of the new court, sitting in open
court, but such judge should be empowered to refer any
subject brought before hina to the full court.
16. That an appeal should lie on all questions of law to
the Exchequer Chamber and to the House of Lords.
17. That such court should, besides exercising the
ordinary jurisdiction of a court of probate, be empowered
to grant probates of wills relating to real estate.
18. That each court should appoint real representatives.
19. That such court should grant certificates of intes-
tacy with respect to real property.
20. That such court should not be a court of construc-
tion or a court of ainaiuistration, and should not interfere
with ail existing jurisdiction of the Court of ChancTry.
21. That when the property of a deceased person shall be
of the value of 3001. or upwards, application for probate or
administration in common form should be capable of being
made to the registrar of a County Court.
22. That when any such application shall be made the
County Court registrar should furnish the proper informa-
tion to the applicant, and should examine and take char. 2 '
of the documents, and should transmit them to the met' -
pulitan court to be finally examined and completed by 0:22
of the registrars of that court.
23. That when the property of a deceased person can
be sworn under3ool. the flountyCourt should be empowered
to grant probate and administration, whether in common
form or iu contentious suits.

24. That in all such cases the registrar of the County
Court should despatch the common form business, subject
to the control of the judge in oases of difficulty.
23. That an appeal in matters of law should lie from the
County Court to the metropolitan court, but the decision
of that court should be final.
2G. That all parties desirous of obtaining probate or ad-
ministration should have the option of applying to the me-
tropolitan court, whatever be the amount of the property.
27. That all applications under Res. 21 or 23 should be
made at the County Court of the district in which the de-
ceased shall have dwelt at the time of his death.

' 23 That when the deceased shall have had no place of
residence within any County Court District the application
should be made to the metropolitan court.
_9. That about 170 County Courts should be intrusted
in the first instance with testamentary jurisdiction, includ-
ing about 110 courts in which more than 1,000 plaints were
entered during last year, and about 60 additional courts to
bo selected on account of their convenient
30. That the districts of the remaining 330 courts should,
for testamentary purposes, be attached to the above 170
courts in such manner as the Treasury should direct.
31. That the Treasury should be empowered to vary
from time to time the number and locality of County
Courts intrusted with testamentary jurisdiction.
32. That the Treasury should be empowered to appoint,
if necessary, an additional [testamentary registrar in each
of the 10 or 12 County Courts whew the annual number
of plaints exceeds 10,000.
33. That such additional registrar should be selected, if
possible, from the present ecclesiastical registrars.
3L. That probates and administrations granted by the
County Courts should extend to all the personal property of
the deceased, wherever situate, and should be recognised
as of binding authority in all parts of England and Wales.
35. That wills relating to property sworn under 3CO'.
should be deposited in the registry of the County Court by
which probate shall have be 311 granted.
36. That certified copies of all such wills should be de-
posited in the registry of the metropolitan court.
37. That all other wills should be deposited in the regis-
try of the metropolitan court, and that certified copies
thereof should be deposited in the registry of the County
Court of the district in which the testator shall have dwelt
at the time of his death.
38. That all County Cout.:s authorised to grant probates
should also be courts of construction and administration,
and should, when the property is less than 3001., exercise
all power? now vested in the Court of Chancery with refe-
rence to wills, or the rights of panics under them, or the
administration of the e<*tates of deroased persons.
39. That in all such cases an appeal on any question of
law or equity shall lie from the County Court to the Mas-
ter of the Rolls, or one of the Vice-Chancellors, but the
decision of such superior judge should bo final.
It was moved by Mr. COLLIER, M.P., that the report I
be received and printed, and be taken into consideration
on Monday, the 9th of February.
After some discussion the motion was carried, and the '
society adjourned.

EXPERIMENTS AT MESSRS. DRAY AND CO.'S
BEET-ROOT DISTILLERY, FARNINIIIIAM.

Three Examiners of her Majesty's Excise are at this
time in attendance at Farningham, near Dartford, in
the county of Kent, superintending a beet root and man-
gold wurtzel distillery, erected by permission for experi-
mental purposes by Messrs William Dray and Co., of
Swan-lane, London, on Mr. Dray's farm at Farningham.
At this distillery the advantages of agricultural distille-
ries will be largely and amply tested. Mr. Dray is
feeding some hundred sheep and a number of bullocks
on the residues of beet after distillation—a system which
has been pursued with great success on the Continent.
Two millions sterling in value of beet root spirits were
distilled in France last year, while in 1853 only twenty
thousand pounds' worth was distilled. There is a pecu-
liarity in the system pursued at Farningham, which is so
contrary to all received notions on the subject that we
will describe it. Instead of macerating the beet and
distilling the wort, the beet root is cut into long thin
strips, one inch wide by an eighth of an inch thick, by
means of a cutter, cutting three quarters of a ton in half
an hour. It is then placed in vats, containing three-
quarters of a ton each, and 300 gallons of a wort formed
by macerating a certain quantity of beet at the com-
mencement of the operations, and which wort is used for
the Came purpose during the distilling months, which
are from Sept. 15 to April 15 in France, and from Oct.
1 to May 1 in Belgium and Germany, for during there
months the beet and mangold-wurtzel are in the best
state for distillation. After the slices are placed in the
fermenting vats, about a quart of sulphuric acid is added
to each vat. Fermentation sets in rapidly, and in 24
hours the slices are in a fit state for distillation. They
are then withdrawn from the vats, and placed in upright
cylinders of iron in Mr. Dray's distillery, which is cal-
culated to distil five tons of roots in the 24 hours. The
cylinders are six feet high and two feet in aiameter.
The slices are placed upon diaphragms, or plates of iron
pierced with holes, ten in each cylinder. The cylinders
are then hermetically closed, a current of steam is let
into the bottom of No. 1, and in three-quarters of an
hour a raw spirit resembling small still whisky is pro-
duced at proof. This spirit is allowed to run over till it
falls to 20 under proof, when the steam is conducted
from No. 1 into No. 2 cylinder, the escape of the alco-
holic vapour being shut off. Thus the slices in No. 1
cylinder are completely deprired of their alcoholic matter
by continuing the current of steam through them, and
carrying it on into No. 2. In three-quarters of
an hour the escape-pipe for conducting the alco•
holic vapour from No. 2 to the worm being open,
No. 2 begins to run off at 20 over proof, is again
allowed to run down to 20 under, when the escape-pipe
is again shut, and the steam from No. 2 conducted into
No. 3. In three-quarters of an hour the spirit again runs
off from No. 3. In the meantime No. 1 has been emptied
of the slices and refilled, and the steam from No. 3 is
allowed to enter No. 1. The spirit is collected into
ca-ks, and in the French distilleries is passed through a
rectifying still ordinarily on two days of the week, and
the produce is a perfectly neutral spirit of any required
strength. We see by the foreign news that the spirit is
in greater request in France than the grain spirits. This
industry has caused a complete revolution in farming in
France. In the districts of Valenciennes and St. Quen-
tin, where it most prevails, the number of bullocks
fattened has increased from 11,000 to 17,000, and the
sheep fattened from 70,000 to 140,000. Tie amount of
corn sown has also nearly doubled. As this production
of food for cattle has greatly increased the production of
manure it has caused its usual result., a greater produc-
tion of corn. Mr. Dray has kindly offered to allow
persons to inspect his distillery on obtaining a card at
his warehouses in Swan-lane, and the director will give
every information which can be desired.—Civil Service
Gazette.

EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIMENTS BY THE
PATENT TIMBER BENDING COMPANY.

On Tuesday afternoon some experiments on a somewhr,
gigantic scale, as fir as regards the bending of tirnh?r
for almost every useful purpose, from the turning of a
common umbrella stick to the massive knee of one of
the greatest ships in the Royal navy, took place in the
premises of Messrs. Conine and Co., Bridge-road,
Lambeth. The experiments were carried out principally
to convince the Government that an immense saving
might be obtained to the country by the adoption of the
new mode of bending into a permanently set form every
kind of wood into any shape. Amongst those present
were the lion. Admiral Bast, Admiral Sharpe, Captain
Carnac, R.N., Capt. Edmunds, R.M., Capt. Mackinnon,
and several others. The experiments appeared to strike
astonishraent into the minds of all present. One experi-
ment consisted of a small Specimen of oak, which was
quickly bent into the form of a hoop, wilich wa after.
wards straightened and eventually tunic; inside out. The
third experiment consisted of a large ol:k ship's floor
timber, 12 inches by 8, which was, in the space of a
quarter of an hour, bent into a right angle. From the
opinion expressed by several of the scientific gentlemen
present, it would appear that in the space of two or
three years the present system of cutting away the wood
to form curves, by which so much of the material is
wasted, will be abolished by the invention. The cost of
curved wood consumed in the British islands under the
present method of suppiy in its natural condition
amounts to at least 5,000,0001. sterling per annum,
which is partially occasioned by the deplorable waste
inherent in that method, as adopted in all trades re-
quiring curved forms in wood. The new process of
bending timber will reduce the cost of ships of all sizes
25 per cent., and greatly increase their strength and
durability, avoiding the necessity for using cross-grained
wood. The experiments appeared to give general satis-
faction, and the company separated after expressing
their approbation of the invention,