The Sun.
London, England, 1859-07-15 00:00:00

THE PEACE.

(From the Times.) s •
The Emperor of the French has confided to his
army the reasons.which induced him to grant Aus-
tria the just accomplished peace. It is a document
which requires frequent reperusal, and which in-
vites unceasing conjecture. The principal aim of
the war was, it seems, to render Italy a nation, and
this principal aim, it also seems, has been obtained.
" It is true," says Napoleon 111, (illustrating the
proverb, " Qui eexcuse sVecuse"),. "that Venetia
remains to Austria ;" but he explains that this ex-
ception is immaterial, because. Venetia will continue
to be an Italian province, forming part of an ItalitM
Confederation. We confess we do not follow the
Emperor in this explanation. That Venice will re-
mainin•elnold'eerdsiffiitscupl ot ys s
ei s
iuo nn dbeyr s
At aunsdt
ag
of how
les sit
me;
ourl
tda
nbcee-
come Bohemian or Hungarian ; but how t
Italian we can clearly see ; we
should have
iwogeiecaaninseoatupretend w tohi
h explain.
non e
his fact
iusuon'Eemopferuthroaset
bultt
the head of many legions can enounce with effect.
To the ee of common understanding this posses-
sion of Venetia by Austria would seem to give Aus-
tria a right which she never before had to inter-
meddle in the politics of all Italy. Austria, a great
military monarchy, is, by this possession, a member
of a Confederacy which is made up of Austria and
a few insignificant and unwarlike States. In this
Confederacy who will influence and who will obey ?
Austria is right in boasting that it matters not to
her what may. be the fortune of arms ; for, beaten
or victorious, she always gains the prize in the
contest. That which was limited is now to
become universal ; that which was an encroach-
ment is now to become a right. We have
nothing to say when the French army is told
that the union of Lombardy and Piedmont creates
for France a powerful ally. It is undoubtedly
true. But France has bought this alliance at a
frightful cost, and the independence of Lombardy
is not that independence for which the Lombards
sighed.
It is notoriously very difficult to get at the mean-
ing of Louis Napoleon. He is the great modern
Sphynx, ,and his very existence depends upon his
not being found out. But, of all the riddles he has
proposed to Europe, none is more puzzling and in-
tricate than this Treaty of Villafranca, the sense of
which we have attempted to read in the descrip-
tion he has himself given. It is usual when we
doubt as to the authorship of an act to ask—for
whose benefit was it done? Here, however,, we
ask this question in vain. The treasure is spent
and the blood is shed, the war is ended, and the
peace is made ; but no one, so far as we can see, is
the better for the fight. Sardinia is not quite
happy in •her new possessions, and even Victor
Emmanuel will find in Lombardy a poor substitute
for the enthusiastic affection of all Italy. France
has gained no accession to her territory, and no
friendship froca the oppressed populations of the
earth. She has gained nothing but the knowledge
that her Emperor is able to manoeuvre an army.
She has not, even at this mement, the conviction
that his sparing Austria was an act of unmixed
generosity. The Emperor now says that he stayed
his hand under an apprehension that the struggle
was likely to assume larger proportions than he
desired. It is not a very chivalrous reason to give
to an army which had just fought a campaign and
lost thousands of its comrades for no result which
any one of them would have desired. These sol-
diers want work and glory and promotion. To tell
them he made peace for fear the war would spread
could only be to set them guessing who it was who
had thus stayed them in their full march of conquest.
It was not England. Was it Prussia ? It is not'
very probable, unless this pause is fighting
should be rather a diversion than a cessation.
Was it Russia ? Did Russia think Austria had
been beaten enough ? Was Russia acting all the
time as the surgeon, with his finger upon the pulse
of the patient, and did she give the signal to cease
when that symptom of Hungarian fever developed.
itself ? All or any of these reasons may have ope-
rated. Or the Emperor Napoleon might have known
the state of his own army best. There is, indeed,
a last supposition, which we offer to the considera-

tion of those who were not long ago so fiercely
scolding us because we doubted that Napoleon was
' about to set up a free Constitutional Government
in Italy—perhaps the French Emperor has imposed
some secret obligation upon Austria never again to
interfere in the affairs of Italy. If this should be
so, then all is right. The Pope and the Grand
Dukes are put up in pride of place merely to give
Napoleon's great principle—" the sovereignty of
the people"—a clear stage. If they can hold their
own, good. If they cannot, then down topple
Pope and Kaiser, and Italy, left to herself, works
out her own regeneration. There is no limit to
human credulity, and there may be credulous idola-
tors of Chaos who, even at this thirteenth hour,
may believe in such impossibilities as these. The
sane men of the age, however, know better. They
recognise in this new settlement nothing but an
universal and irresistible despotism. We yester-
day announced that Cavour, disgusted by the dis-
appointment of all his hopes, had thrown up his
employment. The telegram of to-day confirms our
previous information, and announces that the King
of Sardinia has accepted Count Cavour's resigna-
tion, and has replaced him by Count Arese. This
event determines the nature of the peace. Cavour
was an earnest man. He believed in Italian inde-
pendenceby means of the confidence he felt himself and as a future work of Napoleon 111. It was
in-
spired in others that Mazzini and his emissaries were
discredited throughout Italy. It was Cavour who
gave the signal for the successive risings in the
smaller Italian States. It was by means of his in-
fluence that the revolutions at Florence, Parma, and
Modena were bloodless, and that Rome remained
tranquil. Cavour believed in a Constitutional
Italian Unity, and unfortunately he believed that
the Emperor Napoleon entertained the same views
as himself. Warnings were thrown away upon him.
Patriots and young ladies have a faith in men's pro-
mises which no expositions can shake, and which
nothing but bitter personal experience can destroy.
Poor Cavour ! He once had a great career before
him, for he was honest and zealous ; but he was
credulous and impatient, and he became the tool of
crafty selfishness.
History tells us what passed at Tilsit, and some
French memoir will doubtless at a future day re-
late what was the conversation at Villafranca. It
is
not necessary, however, to wait for the authentic
report; results suggest what the conversation
must
Joseph to have said, " my Imperial brother cannot
h v the
ebeen.
" Surely," we can imagine Francis
intend to revolutionise Hungary, and to establish a
focus of insurrection in Italy ?" " Not the least in
the world. I care no more for these Italians than
you do. This matter has gone quite far enough for
my purpose. You see now that France is necessary
to Austria. We will settle this affair, and I will

(Prom the New York Herald, July 2.)
The steam-ship Argo, of the Glasgow line, which
left this port for Galway, via St. John's, on Thurs-
day, the 23d ult., was wrecked at five a.m. on
Tuesday, having gone ashore in a dense fog, eight
miles
•east of Trepassy Bay. All the passengers
and crew were saved, but the vessel is reported
sunk, 'and it is feared that she and- her cargo will
prove a • total loss. The following are such par-
ticulars of the affair as we have received :
St. John's, N.F., June 29.
To James G. Bennett, Esq., Editor of, the New
York Herald :—The Argo, at Trepassy Bay, is a
total wreck. She sank last night. A great portion
of the luggage and cargo is inevitably lost. The
passengers are all saved. The affair is looked upon
as the result of sad mismanagement, and there is
undoubtedly much to:censure. There are 200 pas.
sengers, nearly 100 Women, and about 30 infants
in arms. The disaster calls for serious investiga-
tion. A great many are left destitute. The
crew and officers behaved well. Aid from St.
John's was fortunately very prompt. Four lunatic
women were put on board in New York, about
whom no one knew anything. Miss Hey-
wood,- the vocalist, has lost everything, includ-
iug a large amount of valuable baggage. I will
write you a full account by the very first steamer; '
upon which you may rely.
J. IL WILTEN, Passenger.
We are indebted to Mr. Alex. Holland, one of the
agents of the line in this city, for the following
despatches :

Trepassy Bay, June 28, 1859.
American
_Express Company; Agents Galway
Line.—The Argo went ashore eight miles east of
this plaCe, at S a.m.; in a dense fog. Her passen-
gers all landed in safety. Two tugs are 01 the
way from St. John's.

R. C. HALPIN, Captain.
The Argo was considered as a first class serew
steamship added to the fleet of ocean steamers
which now comprise the Galway line. She arrived
here from Galway, via St. John's, Newfoundland,
on Monday, the 13th inst. She was sold to the
Atlantic Steam Navigation Company for a very
high figure. She was four years old, ranked A 1 at
Lloyd's, and was one of the strongest propellers
afloat. She was an iron barque-rigged steamer of
2,240 tons register, and 3,200 tons burthen. She
was divided by five water-tight compartments by
four bulkheads, and she was well provided against
fire or any other accident. Her length over all
was 280 feet, her breadth of beam 37 feet, and her
depth of hold 35 feet. Her machinery was mas-
sive, and was 440 horse power. She had three
decks, and was permitted by the British regula-
tions to carry 1,045 passengers. Of these her first
cabin had accommodation for 120, and the second
cabin 100. Her saloon was large and well furnished,
and provided with tables at which 150 persons
could conveniently dine..
The entire vessel was well ventilated, and there
was good light on each of her decks. She was well
finished in every part, and her masts were coppered
one-third of their length from the deck. It is.said
that on her way out she passed through consider-
able misses of ice, and rode over some of it. She
experienced head winds and fogs since she left
Galway on her last trip ; nevertheless she made
St. John's on the eighth and New York on the
13th, exclusive of the day she was detained at St.
John's.

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE WRECK.
Information has been received here that the
steam-ship Argo, which left this port on the 23d
inst., for Galway, via St. John's, N.F., has been
wrecked. We have Cot heard the location of the
calamity, but understand it to be somewhere on the
Newfoundland coast—probably near Cape Race.
The ship went ashore, and at last account was
leaking very badly, and was likely to prove a total
loss. The passengers and crew and their baggage
were landed safely. Two steam-tugs have been
sent to the assistance of the Argo. Particulars will
soon come to hand.

P.S.—Since the above was written, we learn that
the Argo was lost in Trepassy Bay.
ST. JOHN'S, N.F., June 30, 1859.—A1l of the
Argo's passengers have arrived here safe and well.
The steam-tugs left again to-day to bring up the
crew and what was saved from the wreck.
The following are, as near as can be gathered,
the particulars of the disaster :
Between three or four o'clock on Tuesday morn-
ing made Cape Pine,, bearing north north-east,
about twelve miles distant The coast pilot, cap-
tain, and all the officers were called on deck at the
sight of land. The course was changed, and made
south-east by east; this should have cleared her
fifteen miles from Cape Race. About a quarter-
past four a very dense fog came on ' • about half-past
five the captain spoke a fishing schooner, stopped
the engines and reversed them, asking, "Where
are you fishing ?" The answer was, " On the eastern
side of Trepassy. Bay, a mile and a half or two miles
off." The captain ordered the helm hard a-port,
the engines to go on full speed, and to keep south
south-east by the standard compass. This should
have taken her clear of the land. The captain and
all the officers were on deck. The officer in charge
—the quartermaster at the wheel—gave the order,
" Steady," as the ship brought up to her south
south-east course At that moment breakers were
seen, and the engines were stopped and reversed
full speed. Before the ship got sternway she
Prounded her bow on the rocks at Fresh Water
oint, eight miles from Trepassy.
The boats were lowered and got ready, when the
passengers embarked with but little confusion, the
women and children first. •
The anchors were then passed out at the stern,
the coal thrown overboard, the forward boilers
blown off, and every exertion made to get her off,
but without avail. The captain now sent off a pilot
with Mr. Butterfield to Trepassy harbour to get
assistance. They arrived at 10 o'clock and tele-
graphed here, when the steamers Dauntless and
Blue Jacket were despatched immediately. Sails,
&c., were sent ashore, and tents made to protect
the passengers, and where provisions and luggage
could be got at they were sent on shore. Boats were
constantly passing from the ship to the cove, about
a mile, carrying ashore what could be saved. The
fishermen plundered the ship ; a hundred of them
came 'around upon hearing the signal guns ; they
cut away the masts, and completely skinned her.
At four o'clock p.m. the ship filled, and fell on her
beam-ends in six fathoms water. The baggage of
many of the passengers is lost. There was no house
within eight miles of the shore where she struck.
At about five o'clock p.m. a boat returned from
Trepassy with assurances that two steamers were
on their way from St. John's, which comforted and
quieted the passengers.
Tuesday night was passed in tents with a
that
-
rable degree of comfort. On Wednesday the steamers
arrived and brought off the passengers and part of
the baggage. They return this afternoon at three
o'clock for the crew, taking with them soldiers and
stolen
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MURDER AT WOOLWICH.--Between the hours of
twelve and one o'clock. yesterday morning a man, whose
'unknown, was killed
name and residence is at p_resent.
during a street brawl, at Woolwich, by a man named
Ewen M‘Gowe who is described as a stoker, without and is at present ins stoker,
on the
fixed residences,ars that at the time mentioned, both par-
charge. It appe
ties. who were strangers to each other, were walking in.
the lower part of .Eligh-street, Woolwich, each being ac-
companied byla,Gfemale. The deceased made some re-
marks which 3 ower considered offensive, and he said
t, I have but the use of one arm, but I will serve you this
way!, m‘Gower then ran at the deceased in a stooping
posture, his head coming in contact with the abdomen of
the deceased, who fell, and, while lying on M'Gower kicked him on his body and h eadthe pavement. Police-con-
,
stable Featherstone 63 R and other officers shortly after-
wards arrived, and medical assistance was instantly pro-
curred, but life was extinct. The prisoner M'Ciower was
placed at the bar before Mr. Seeker, at the Woolwich Police-
court yesterday afternoon, and, after the examination of
various witnesses, he was remanded to afford time for a post
mortem examination of the body of the deceased by Mr.
Stuart, the divisional police surgeon. Mr. Carttar, coroner
for West Kent, will hold an inquest this (Thursday) even-
ing at the Canterbury Tavern, Woolwich, and the police
are now actively engaged in obtaining information as tome
deceased, who is stated to be a travelling hawker.