The Sun.
London, England, 1857-04-18 00:00:00

THE ORGAN.

The great organ, which is being put up, has been built
specially for the purpose, by Messrs. Kirtland and Jar-
dine, of Dickinson-street, Manchester. It has been
placed at the service of the committee for the period
of the exhibition.

TURIN, APRIL 13.
The great question at present is, supposing the
dispute between Austria and Piedmont to take a
more serious turn, what will be the conduct of Eng-
land and France, and how can they mediate? What
is the cause 'of the difference between Piedmont and
Austria? Austria's sOle•comPlaint is the liberty of
the Press enjoyed by Piedmont. Can Louis Napo-
leon,- who gags the press in France, who wished; to
do so in Belgium, as was proVed by the speech of
Count Walewski at the Congress of Paii,, can he
take part against Austria in' such 'a .qUarrel
this? Apart from all diplomatic trickery,- Louis
Napoleon, , even to preserve the appearance of
consistency; must in the present dispute act .alonir
with, and in favour of Austria. The whole quarrel,
according to the Emperor of Austri v. and Count
Buol, is owing to the perSonal conduct of Count
Cavour, in not restricting the press in Piedmont.
If Count Cavour 'attempted this, 'or even if he was
suspected of trying to make any inroads upon the
constitution, he 'would at'once cease to be minister.
The innumerable daily papers published not onlyia
Twin 4nd Genoa, hpt in all the provincial towns,
prove that Count Cavour is only
.the orgAn of ex-
pression of the unanimous feeling of the population.
France, •to be • consistent, must be autinst Pied-
mont ; and England is bound, not only in honour,
but by interest, to support in Piedmont-the same
i>einciples of which every inhabitant of Great Bri-
tain is proud. But if Aus:;ria attacks Piedmont
and France, and England do not interfere,, is Pi-d-
moat able to defend herself? The Sardinian army
of all arms may consist of 50,000 men, which it
is possible to reinforce in less than a month to
120,000 men who have all served as soldiers. An
occasional correspondent from Turiu, in_ your'
columns lately stated' that when the Emperor of
Austria was at Milan the feasibility of making an
immediate attack upon Piedmont became a matter
of serious consideration. It is very passible that
the natural ill-temper of the young Emperor
showed itself in such an ebullition, but this must
have been speedily subdued by the cool-headed
science of the officers of the staff of the Austrian
army, perhaps the best educated of any in &t-
-rope. A glance at the map of the north of Italy
shows the folly of such an attempt. Take Milan
as the point from which the Austrians would pro-
bably concentrate to move to the attack. To their
right is Switzerland, and the left of the Piedmon-
tese is secure. , From Arona, on Lago Maggiore,
down to Genoa, is a continuous line of railway,
nearly 'parallel to the frontier, though 'to a cert.:in
extent distant. This railway is fed from the railways
of the interior of Piedmont ; thus Alexandria, Mor-
tara, Novarra, are connected with all Piedmont.
Mortara is a great strategic point in possession of
the Piedmontese, and has now a railway to
Vigevano, which actually touches on the Lombard
frontier. The high roads from Milan, Pavia, Pia-.
cenza, Cremona, . and Mantua, to Turin, pass
through Mortara, which is in fact the strong
strategic point of Piedmont. Let us assume tha

there are upwards of 100,000 Austrians in the
Lombardo-Venetian states. They require no'il-c-s
than 50,000 men to held these states in seijection,
thus leaving them 50,000 men against Piedmont.
To get into Piedmont they must either cross the
Ticino or the Po. If they move upon Novara, the
time they would occupy on such a march ;rom the
frontier would allow the Piedmonteze, 3 by the
ways, to muster in great force at Novara, from
Biella and Ivrea in the north, Arena to the north-
east, Susa at the bottom of Mount Cenis to tbe
west,' Pinerolo to the south-west, the three Ip-:;
passing through Turin, thence by Vercelli to No-
varra. While these troops were moving, a large
foice could come from Genoa to Alexandria, thence
to Mortara, thus threatening the left flank of tlle
Austrians, while from Mortara by railway to Vige-
vano their rear could be attacked. If the Austrians

arrived ne it Novarra they would thus find their
front, flanks, and rear threatened by a supetior
force. The great point is that railways are invalu-
able-as a means of defence, and of compa-..tively
little use to the invaders. If the Austrians make

their first move towards Motara, they are in a
more ticklish position, as at this point the whole
force of Piedmont could be upon them in a few
hours. Suppose they were at first victor ious, each
step in advance towards Turin or Alexaniria would

increase their danger. If they attempted Alex-
andria, they would come upon the best fortified
part of Piedmont, and if they moved upon Genoa
not a man of them would ever return.
The Austrians in Piedmont would be under the
necessity of always moving ina solid undividedbody,
as the Piedmontese, with all safety, by means of the
rail ways at their command, couldcrush de•achment

Such in Piedmont would be the force of military
against military. To the Sardinian army, however,
must be added the National Guard ; and, what
would be of still more detrinient to the Austrians,
the intense hatred in which they are held by the
p)pulation of Piedmont. Besides this, the moment
an Austrian army left the Lombardo-Venetian

territory to attack Piedmont, all Italy would be in
a blaze, and the Austrians in Lombardy and Venice
would be obliged to act as the French did in 1813
and 1814, and retire into the garrisons, thus leav-
ing the Italian peoples to find their way to Pied-
mont, not only from Austrian Italy, but from
Naples, the Papal States, Tuscpy, Modena, and
Parma, who, thus getting into the rear of the
Austrian army, would place it in the same diffi-
culty, and expose it to the same destruction, as be-
fell that of Dupont in Spain. If, therefore, France
and England would abandon their deceitful milk-
and-water diplomacy, and leave Piedmont and
Austria to settle their own affairs, the cause of
liberty and constitutional government would, ere
long, b 3 triumphant in the Italian peninsula.