The Sun.
London, England, 1857-08-31 00:00:00

SON DON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST, 31, [857.

-FIRE RED. SEA TELEGRAPH COMPANY,
(Limited).
FIRST .SECTION—ALEXANDRI to ADEN*.
Capitalloo,oool, in 60,000 Shares of 51: per Share.
• 11. to be paid on application.. • • • •
20,0007. mr Annum to be Guaranteed by the4log. East India Com-•
pang and her Majesty's-Government from date of recei,A of the'
First Message.

is wrought in five moveable segments, the respective
weight of which, tlgether with the hed'and _gear, is
as follows :—Principal (.;empartment, .containing
-breech and chamber, 21 tons 19c wt. 21b. ; .oak bed,
8 tons. BcWt•• 141 b. ; second compartment, 7 tons
5 cwt. 3 qrs. 41b. ; third ditto, 5 tons 8 cwt. 3 qrs...
231 b. ; fourth ditto, 3 tons 2 qrs.' 131 b.; fifth do.,
1 ton 2 cwti 3 qrs. 121 b- The hoops, 'rings; and
other gear_perta;ning thereto vary from 16 cwt. to
6 cwt. each ; the who!e of which, including the
keys and minor fitting=, amount to a total of 50
tons 13 cwt. 2 qrs. 211 b. On account of the pon-
derout size of the shell, weighing 26 cwt., the
process of loading will b 3 effe3ti.d by means :of a
portable crane, termed a gyn, to lift the bulky
missile i..ta the gun; The tr al, if snccessful, will
put the G-,,vininel4t posse.sion of tin mo:t for-
miclab'e weapoit for the pfrOrpoS( s of t•ieg yet in-
vent° 1. The proofs will cAnmence with a minimum
charge of 101 b. of poWder, to' be gradually in-
creasLd.. •The lighter portions of the cannon were
I.inded on tin wharf oa Friday, the diSem'arkation
of the heavy pieca having been. deferred until to-
day.
_ _

Offices—% Moorgate-stieet: ,
DIRECTORS.
CIIAIRIVIAN.—JOHN C. MARSHAM, or Calcutta.
DEPUTY-CRAIRMAN.—Sir R. MACDONALD STEPHENSON'.
James Allan, Esq , Managing Director of the Pcu'nsular and Orien-
tal Steam Nav+gation Company. •
J. A. Arbuthnot, Esq (Messrs. Arbuthnot, Latham, and Co.)

Sir S. George.BlMhain;Bart.,
John B.iwman Esq. (Messrs. Forha., Forbes, and Co.)
B. W. Crawford, Esq , M.P., Chairman of the East Indian Railway:
Connviny ( Niessrs. Crawford, Colvin, and Co , London.)
Frederick G. Dalgety', Esq , Melbourne. •
Thomas Dent, 'Esq. (Messrs. Palmer, and Co„
Len o )).
William Dent, Esq., late Direetorof the Hon. the East India Com-

p
George Dewhnrst, E.q., Mai►2hester.
W. Gladstone Esq. (Nlessis Thomson, Bonner, and Co , London).
Capt. Hall, C. 8., F.R.S., Director of thd Peninsular and Ori-

en tal Steam Navigation Company.
Christopher Rawson, Esq. (Messrs. Rawson, Sons. and Co. London).
Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. (Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths,
'Lombard-street, London). . . .
Alexander Wit-on, Esq , F li,S., late of Madras Civil Service.
(With pow. r to add to their number.)
BANSERS.—Mes:ri. sly n, Mill% and Co., and Messrs. Smith, Payne,

and Smiths,

Arrangements a-© he'll.; made for the duty of
sentries at Deptford dock and victualling yards to
be undertaken- by a detachm.mt of the Foot Guards
who -will shortly relieve ths Royal. Marines at pre-
sent stationed there, in order that they may pro-
ceed to head-quarters "at WoClwich, the guard du-
ties there requiring .a greater number of men than
the division can at the pre ent moment supply
without pressing heavily-on the available resources
of the garrison.- -
The &Ailing transport Alipote, M‘Murdoci, mas-
ter, having previoosly shipped a complete battery
of 6-pounder guns And a quantity of military stores,
embarked on SW mrday Lieut.-Col. Prig and Capt.
Connell's X &1-I bt4tery_cprpEr44-1-1,-of -Royal Artit-
lerY, togetlirj. w:th the detaChments or gunuerk and
_drivers, amounting to 10 oftd(ers aod 208 rank and
file, fur Kurrachee. They war') paraded in a body in
front Of the" Artllery- barracks at 3 o'ckck p.m.,
and, having-been inspected by-C 4. Bloomfield and
staff, they were marched to the Arsenal pier, headed
by the colonel temporarily cemin4nding the-garri-
son and staff, and 'ac;ompanied. by %las regimental
band.
The steam transp,rt Gibraltar *eat down to
Woolwich Arsenal yesterdly, te,_ he in._ readiness to
be lade/I with military stores for Gibraltar.
The freightsbip Susan, in the London Docks has
been ch r t ere d by Goveru merit to ship military
stores from Woolwic's for Corfu.
--The lqa.rY Weir freightship has been taken up for
the embarkation of military stores for Malta, and
the Florence fox. St. Helena.

SOLICITORS.—Messrs: C. H. and W. Freslifleld and Newman.
BllOKEßS.—lf,ssrs. Sco't, Cortliorn. and Scotts.
SccaErArcr.7-Chaties Lennox Peel, Esq.

The primary and immedia'e object of this Company is to Ivy down
a :Telegraphic CabFein the Red Sea. between Suez and Men, so as
aflect tele aapliic communication thus far with. India at the
earliest possible period.
This object may to completed in a few months, simultaneoutry
with the Mediterranean telegraph to Alexandria.

l'y this means communication with all India will he brought
within tine week, anciby the extension to Kurrachee, which will
mediatelY follow, hourly communication will be established.
Tr e.political value of this undertaking at the present juncture is
:too painfully established by recent occurrences in India to require
comment, while its social and commercial importance is scarcely less
urgent. •
The *Honourable the East India Company parth 'pate so fully in'
these views, that they have consented to guarantee a minimum an,
nual re-enue of 20,0001., on the first section to Aden, from the date
of the first message, received, eccomaanit d by assurances of every
necessary assistance and Support. This arrangement only awes
the confirmation of • her Majesty's Government, without wlaich• she
Compan • will not proceed.
As a commercial investment, the returis, which have been care-
fully prepared, and which may be inspected at the office, show a
milt tar exceeding any ordinary re urns from similar enterprises.
This statement will be appreciated by those connected with the
trade of India, to whom it will be evident that all o tiers for pro-
duce, insurance, shipments, arrivals, departures, ace:dews, change
of destination cf vessels, would be subject of tdegraphic com-
munication.
It is proposed, as soon as the capital is subscribed, to purchase the
Atlantic Cable, or provide a new cable, whichever may be decided
tic be best for the object in view.
The cable will be laid in sections of from 300 to 600 miles, and
arangements have been made with responsible contractors to under-
,
take the risk of laying it.
The Company have secured the necessary concessions from the
Turkish and Eeptian Governments.
Th,aurgency of the undertaking is universally admitted. The re-
muneratve results are placed beyond all doubt. Perfect immunity
from all risk is secured by the Limited Liability Act, and by the gua-
rantees of the Governmei,t, the East India Company, ant the can-
tractors. As a grant and important national qi,estion, it is onlyneces-
Sary to urge upon all who foe' airy interest in securing immediate
telegraph' communication with India to give filet earnest and cor-
dial suppo t to an enterpr se which is brought beore the public with
this sole obje t.
Applications for shares may be sent to the brOke's, Mes-rs. Scott,
Cortiorn, and Scotts, 16, Th:o;morton-strz, t, or to th 6 Company's
offices, No. 8, Meorgate- street, in the annexed :Midi; but no applica-
tion wilt be consi feted, unless a deposit of One Peund oa each share
appliel for is previously made to the bank of Me srs. .
bankers of the Company. The depost will be returned if the appli.-
Cation is not acceeded to.
FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES,

The freightship St. Katherine, also in the dock,,
is shipping military stores for Bathurst.
The Georgia is at Weorwich receiving live shells
for Ne* Brunswick.
The . Austrian Prince Louis Winclischgratz and
suite were on Friday admitted -to an inspection of
the departments of Woolwich Arsenal by special.
permission of Lord Panmure.
The following letter is dated Malta, Aug: 24 :
"Of the squadroa under Admiral Lord Lyons
'tidings have been received up to the 12th of Aug.,
when th© Osprey steam gunboat left the Royal
Albert, Conqueror, Centurion, and. Princess Royal
screw line-of-battle ships, Curlew and Vigilant
steam sloops, off Malaga, whence they were to pro-
ceed to Gibraltar, Tetuan, Palma, Mahon, and
Malta, which latter port would be :etched about
the middle of September. After it stay of about
three weeks at Malta the squadron will visit Corfu,
returning to Malta about the end of October to
take up winter moorings.. The Ariel is at Gibral
tar and the Vulure at Oran. The only ships at
Malta were the Hibernia (receiving vessel), Osprey
(steam. gunboat, under orders for Constantinople),
and the Hearty (steam-tug). The' Desperate and
Caradoc..continue at Alexandria, the Harpy. at
Corfu,- and the Medina at the mouth of the Danube.
" The European and Australian Company's steam-
packe t Cambria arrived at .Malta from Marseilles in
60 hours. on the evening of the 21st' of August, with
the outward overland Australian mails, which the
Etna carried on early on the following morning for
Alexandria, with orders not to awit there beyond
the 27th the hoineward.Au-tralian mail now due at
Suez by the Coliimbian, but to return to Malta,
awl thence, with the Cambria, to proceed to Mar-
seilles; and there await ulterior orders, from which
it is y esumed that there vessels are about to ba,
taken up by Government for the conveyance of
troops from either Gibraltar, Ma'ta, or the lonian-
Islands to rite East Indies, for which service they
are admirably adapted, having done like work in
the l ite war in a most satisfactory manner. The
Tamar is appointed. to bring out the September
mail, after which there will be a complete change
in the service. A French steamier will, it is
thought, be chartered for carrying on the line be-
tween Malta and Maeseas.
"The Cambria lancle-1 at Malta Colonel Ross,
RE., and transhipped on board the Etna, for
Alexandria, Captain Dashwood, R.N., and eight
tattier pavengers.

N.B. This must be presented to the bankers ealire. The applicant
will retain tne receipt at foot, and forward the letter to the Com-
pany's offices. The bankers' receipt will be exchamp hereafter for
the scrip certificate, and due notice will be given when such certifi-
cates ~.re ready.
To the Directors of the Eastern and Red Sea Telegraph Company.

Gentlemen, —Flaying paid to Messrs. , to your credit
being 11. per share on shares in the above Company, I reque t
you to a'lot me that number of shares, and 1 agree to accept the same,
or any lea number, when cz.ll d upon to do so, by publ'c advertise-
ment, or in default that ilia depo it sti fli be forfeited.

acne • • .. • • ..
Profession or business .
Address
Pate .
BANKERS' RECEIPT.

1857.

Rece:ved fram , on account of the Eastern and Red Sex
Tel, graph Company, the sum of pounds.
X . For

This receipt will be exchanged for scrip certificates when ready.

:Navz:d and Military intelligence.

The Khersonese steamship embarked at Ports-
mouth on Saturday last the following officers and
troops for India :—Lieut.-Col. C W. D. Staveley,
0.8., Major A. Browne (Lieut.-Col.), Captains F.
S. Danbeney, W. Faussett, J. Robin on, R: Pres-
ton, W._ Fletcher, A, W. Cobham ; Lieuts. G.
Ingham, W..H. Wood, H. de M. Fleming, E. C •
P. Pigott, R:11. Rogers ; Paymaster R. G. Thom-
Adj utant F. O'Neill, Quartermaster W.. Hart,
Surgeon M. Mee, AsSistant-Surgeons. Baker and
.Kinahan, 36 sergeant=,-11 drummers, 27 e3rporals,
and 465 privates of the 44th Regt, They steamed
out of harbour on Saturday evening, andliroceeded
yesterdayf9rJhoir.destinatiOn.. -'
- The steamship Qne2n of the'South emb3rliel 'on
Saturday at Portsmouth Lieut.-Cols. E. E. Law
and G. Maxwell, Major E. M. Davenport, Captaina
W. T. Gordon, G. Watson, A. H. Dunbar, C. Per-
rin' H. H. Paget, C. J. K. Gore, Sir C. Cuffe, J.
L. Verschoyle ; Lieuts. L. Eames, W. H. J. West-
ley, A. Austen, J. H. J. Day, C. J. F. Dueibury,
R. T. Hushes, J. B. Short, C. V. Oliver, C. A.
Short, J. T. Ready ; Ensigns R. S. Bagge, W. T.
H. Cox, Paymaster G. Pollard, Quartermaster W.
L e, Surgeon D. Hunter, M.D. ; Assistant-Sur-
g(ons W. S. Murray and F. Folliet, and 732 non-
commissioned officers and men of the 66th Regt.

" The Jo3rdain, French postal steamer from
Alexandria, whose break down has been already
rsporttd, arrived at Malta on the 22d in tow of the
Cyd.nus, another postal steamer from Constanti
nopre, Smyrna, and Syria, whi,b latter, after coal-
ing, proceeded for Marseilles, still having the dis-
abled steamer in tow, and therefore the mails will
be retarded.
" The Vectis reached Malta with India, China,
and Austi'alian snails on the 24th of August.
"The Sardinian medals for the officers and men
of this garrison entitled to wear them have been
received, and the presentation of the troops of the
Valetti, district by Lieut.-General SirJolin Penne-
father took place this mornin at • half-past five
o'clock, on the Florisna p irade-g, ground. The fol-
lowing are the names of the officers, non commis-
sioned officers, and men who received the honour-
able distinction.:—
`c s, aff_Major-Geu. Warren, C.B. ; Lieut.-Col.
Assistant-Adjutant-Gdmeral Cap. Elli-
son, A.D. C.
" 14th Regiment—Capt. J. J. MaYeeek)
Ser-
geant W. Hopkins.
" 21st Regiment—Sergeant-Major W. Fowler,
Colour-Sergeant R. Ellis.
" -28th Regiineut—Col. F. Adamat C.B. ; Cor-
poral J. M‘Laughlin, Private W. Gleison.
" 57th Regiment—Brevet-Mjor J. St. Clair,
Lieut. A. A. Slade, Private J. Healy.
" The presentation of the medals to the troops of
Cottouera district by Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Penne-
father is fixed to take place at 5 o'clock this after-
noon. We append the names of those who are to
receive the decoration
Staff' Major-General Horn, C.B. Maj r
Pearson, Grenadier Guards • Brigade Major 2d
Brigade, 21st Regt., Major Bolder°.
" 71st Regiment—Privates H. Gourley and J.
Cathcart.
"The names of Brevet-Major HammersleYt 14th
Regt., and Major Maunsell, 28th Regt., absent on
leave, and Drummer Not t tn, 57th Regt., at the
depot, are also among the list of honoared men
wi,o have won this mark of distinction!"
H.M. screw c irvette Curacoa, 31, Capt. Forbes,
returned from Woolwich to Poit,mouth on Friday
night, and will be paid off at the latter port.
The Mermaid freight ship silted from Portsmouth
on Saturday, laden with Govertunentproeisions for
the troops in India.
An order has been received at Portsmouth to
get all the rigging, gear, &;c".,ready on the shortest
notice for equipping six sail of the line, in the
event of their being needed.
The Tsiecomale 24, Capt-. W. Houstoun, from I
the Pacific, arrived at Ply= uth on Saturday. She
left Rio Janeiro June 29, and has brought invalided
officers and men from the Pacific and South Ame-
dean stations. Sha received orders on the same day
to proceed to Chatham. •
The screw a. eatnship Orion, 91, Captain John E.
Erskine, and the brigantine Dart went from Ply-
mouth Sound into Hemoaze on Saturday.
The Chesapeake, 51, screw steam frigate, Com-
modore R. B. Wagon, C. 8., has proceeded from
Chatham to Sheerness, from which port she will
sail to Portsmouth, previously to taking her de-
parture for the East Indies.
The following appointments were made at the Admi-
ralty on Saturday :
Midshipnianir. Bouverie F. Clarke to the Diadem.
Masters—J. F. Coombe, ti the Diadem; H. B. Gaw-
ler, to the Conqueror.
Master's Assistant—C. W. Stevenson, to the Blen-
heim.

for ludia, with whom she sailed Ltst evening.
Capt. Gordon, of the Scots Fwilier Guard 4, has
been appoiuted aide-de-camp to Major-General the
Hon. Sir J. Yorke Scarlett, K C. 8., Commander-
in-Chief of the F outh-west district. •

The authorities at the Horse Guards having come
to the det,mmination of concentrating the depots of
the Rifle corps at Colchester, with the view of caus-
ing uniformity in the system of drill, a depot bat-
talion will be immediately formed at that station
under an officer experienced in all the details of ►ifl~
exercise. Orders have also been received at Ord_

ham Garrison by Col. 11. Jervii, Commandant of
the. Provisional Battalion, for tl e depots of the
Ist and 3d battalions of the 60th Royal Rifles t pro-
ceed to-morrow to Colchester with the following
officers, viz. ;—Captain T. Biggs, Lieutenant F. S.
Travers, Ensign W. L. K. Ogilvy, and Ensign IL

GeJrga Barton.
The whole cf the depots of the Highland Reg
merits now quartered at Chatham garrison, consist-
ing of the 74' h, 78th, and 93d Highlanders, have re-
ceived orders to proceed to Aberdeen on Wednesday
next, for the purpose of joining the Highland bat-
talion forming at that city. The depots are under
the command of the following officers :—Captain
W. Ross King, 74th : Captain F. W. Foster, 78th ;
and Captain J. M. Brown, 93d.
The order for the second depot battalion of the
Gtb, 93d, 45th, and 50i1i (Queen's Own) Regiments
to proceed from Colchester to Chatham Garrison
has been countermanded, and those depots have
boon directed to move to Canterbury, at which city
it is intended to form a separate depot battalion, in
consequence of the rifle depots being about to be
formed into a batt lion at Colchester.
The, depots of the 19th and 20th Regiments, con-
sisting of two companies each, arrived at the Provi-
sional Battalion, Chatham, on Saturday, from Chi-
chester and Parkhurst Barracks, for the purpose of
relieving the Highland depots ordered from Chat-
ham to Aberdeen, and the Rifle depots ordered to
Colchester. The 19th and 20th depots number about
250 non-c ,mmissioned officers and men, with the
following officers—viz., Capt. L. 1). H. Currie,
Lieut. F. Davis, and Lieut. C. F. Webster, 19 h
Regiment ; Capt. C. Lutyens, Lieutenants 0. G.
Rochfort, J. H. H. Se., John, J. C. Cox, and Han-
cock ' • Ensigns C. K. Chatfield, F. Mausel, and J.
Aldridge, 20th Regiment.
Second-class Staff Surgeon J. C. Haverty has
been relieved from duty at Chatham, and ordered to
proceed t ) Aldetshot for medical duty at the Camp;
Second-class Staff-surgeon D. D. .M`Donald has
bsen directed to do duty with the Provisional Bat-
tabon.
Three troops of the 15th Hussars will occupy
Ipswich Barracks, and are expected to arrive there
to-day (Monday). The remainder of the regiment
will occupy Norwich Barracks. The A battery,
Royal Artillery, under the command of Major Ward,
and the P battery, under the command of Major
Hoste, which have latelyleft Norwich and Ipswich,
are about to embark immediately for India.
On Thursday, the head-quarters of the 56th Regi-
ment, comprising four companies, with the band
and staff, embarked on board the River steamer for
Queenstown, bound for India. Ths soldiers all
pi esentid. a healthy appearance, and appeared to
1-ave in the best spirits. The names of the officer -
alio accompanied the men are—Lieut.-Cols. Lacy
and Heylaml, C.B. ; Captains Margeson, Ramsay,
Bassett, and Godley ; Lieuts. Harford, Baxter,
Hill, Curven, Sims, Williams, and Thompson ;
Enkign Wight, Paymaster Henley, Quartermaster
M 'GI ath, Surgeon Deeble and Assist.- Surgeon Parr.
Capt. Eden remains at the Military College, Sand-
hurst ; and Capt. Cumming remains in charge of
No. 8 Company; Capt. Eccles commands the de-
pi-. The troops departed on Friday evening from
Queenstown.
about 200 volunteers to the 56th Regiment will
follow. In a few days it is expected that
The second of the two huge 36-inch mortars, ma-
nufactured by Messrs. Mallet and Co., of Blackwall,
under the special design of Lord Palmerston, has
been conveyed to Woolwich to undergo an experi-
mental trial. This monster cannon, like the former
one Landed at the Arsenal wharf about 10 days ago,

EXECUTION AT LANCASTER.—On Saturday Edwarl
Hardman, convicted at the last Lancaster asSizes of poi-
soning his wife by repeated doses of tartar emetic, was
executed in front of Lancaster-castle. The culprit ad
witted his guilt and the justice of the sentence. When
conducted to the press room he was handed over to Cal-
craft to be pinioned, and when on the scaffold his lips
moved as if repeating the prayers after the priest, the
Rev. Mr. Brown. He looked pale and livid, and there
was a vacancy in his eye which showed that he was al-
most insensible and unconscious of the gaze of the thou-
sands of persons assembled. Calcraft drew the cap over
the culprit's face, adjusted the rope, and then left the
scaffold. The bolt was withdrawn, and death was almost
instantaneous.

• demand vigilante: For, instance, •if coincidently
with a moderate degree of pressure on our money-
By the arrival of the Overland Marl we have re- market to. meet future. instalments. there should b.e
.
an undue increase of importation, so as to- impair
ceived files of papers from Melbourne to the 25th the sale ableness of goeli, that molerate pressure
of ,Tune.- would soon become immoderate, and we should
The following is from a letter datel Melbourne, have another commercial crisis.
June 25 : As to the demand for capital to carry on the great
The European, with the April mail, dropped trunk railways now projected, this feature should
be note 1. Taking the ave-ages e state of our re-
anchor in Hobson's Bay on Saturd iy, the 6th inst., venue for the last three years,'colony
the is in
a little before midnight. Having delivered her a condition to meet a legislative pledge to
mail bags, she sailed ou Sanday for Sydney, and as make the interest a first charge on the revenue—
there is no other steamer belonging to - the corn- ordinary and fora itorial. Ten :millions will be re-
pany either here or in Sydney, she is, appointed to quired, but not in one year. if we vote 600,0001. as
a first charge to meet interest at 6 per cent., at the
return with the June mails eight days after the
present r .te of 6 per cent. debentures that vote
proper day of departure. Tile Columbian will would rai•ie 10,500,0001. But if we pour from
bring us the May mal, and then we must expect 1,500,0001. to 2,000,000/. on the market every year
another hiatus arising out of the Oneida's disaster. fer the next three or four years, we may expect
I mentioned in my last that the Government had souse deeline iu the price of the security, simply be-
offeredcause interest of money would necessarily r.se, and
for tender 187,000/. of debentures, bearing
that decl.ne of prow would cause them t 3 be more
6 per c:nt. interest. The days of payment ranged sought of er in the London markets. If the Govern-
from the Ist of Jan., 1858, to the Ist of Jan., ment seeks its market here, a large proportion of
1869. Miles, - Kington, and Co., a mercantile these debentu'res would, no doubt, find their way to
house here, obtained the short date debentures at England as remittances, so that, although in the
1031. 2s, Bd. for remittance. They will, be worth first instance we shall borrow here, the ultimate
lenders will the English capitalists. If we secure to
at least that in the London market, and, as bank the lenders the due payment of the interest on the
bills of exchange would cost them 2 per cent. pre- capital expended on railways, it is of little import-
tnium, they will reap a fair advantage from the ante to them whether the railways pay a dividend
purchase. The savings bank purchased the next or not. The lenders donot depend on the profita-
five parcels, payable 200, or 20,0001., every year bl-ness of the enterprise as shareh ilde:a would do.
They are in the position of the English lenders to
from 1863 to 1867, at 1051. The Government re-
the Government for the purposes of war expen d' i-
tain the remainder, for which, however, there is ture. I will even go further, and assert that to us
ample demand. Melbourne Gas Company's 6 per the profitableness of the undertaking is of secondary
cent. alet:eutayese.payalsissl.B67a-leve also been geld ..iz aportance. elt the railways; pay the aripetal expense
at 1051, "arid 'South Australia 6 per cents. at 1041. :of mai3agerreeketagetlie'r iVitle Weir- airFtear, tliey,
may afford a great national gain, an I may greatly
I was informed by one of our most intelligent gold promote the increase of national vv, eal th by the sa
and money brokers that there is a marked prefer- ing of the cost of transport allover Oe country. I-
t
once given to our Government debenmres above present the waste of capital in` mere transport is
all other securities, and- that the shortness of, the enormsua. If by an annual charge on the general
date is the only feature which :limits their price. revenue of 600,0004 we enable the community to
Money-is very plentiful, and can -be had on wort- . save three or four times that amount in the cost of
.carriage, the national gaineia.. all the difference,•
gage as low as 7 pee cent. on Substantial town pro-
pel t' e 3 if no more than two-thirds of the present thane' the railway only pays the cost of keeping it
value be required. I have "already allu led to the in working order. Our first experiment has been
large amount of accumulated money capital seeking very 'successful: 1104a-the-Hobson's Bay Railway,
constructs I whsacomnion labour was at its highest,
investment, and as-the subject is of gi cat import-ance to the mercantile interest coon cted. with and when all materials were twice their present
these colonies,' I must return to it. i The motives prices, cost nearly, if not quite, 100,0001. a mile, it
to accumulate here areein full -activity, chiefly. be-
pays a dividend of 14 per cent. The St. Kilda
,cause all adverse inducements are weak. In Eng- branch, which cost Only about 30,000/. per mile, will
much more. The former depend, principally on
land there are mtimerous means of iudulgence to pay
whiehAhe Succestiful merchant or manufacturer is its goods traffic, "the latter wholly on passeu-
attracted, which have little or no place re:
He gers. Our great railways Will depend chiefly-on
he
may Make an eldest son, and fotinc 1- a laniily in the former, and I believe will pay a. dividend at
England, whereas here such a course would be least equal to the interest-.
against the:ll4l)as and opinions of society. In Eng- A census of the population was taken on the
land he may become a great book c Meet,. r, or a great night of the 29th of March. The details are not
p
ieture collector er he may indulge in all sorts f yet before the public, but the totals have been
expensive tastes,,
which, if thy
ey exist here, arelatent I
mblishe I, and I enclose the statements made up
for want of objects. Our great money makers in accordance with the electoral divisions of the
seem to derive their chief enjoyment from the mere -colony. It will be seen that between 1854 and
pleasure of playing the game. So fit as personal 1857 .the total population has increased from
,enjoyment and comfort are concerned, I really see 236,776 to 403,519, being an increase of 70. per
little or no difference between the expenditure of cent. in three years. There is an improvement in
2,0001. a-year and that of 5,000/. or 10,000/. a- the proportion of the sexes, though the proportion
year. If the maximum of enjoyment be purchase• of females to males is still lamentably small. The
able with2,oool. or 3,000!. a-year, those who make. following is a comparative statement of the two
three or four times as much, having no motive te ex- enumerations
•
_pend it, acquire the habit of accumulating from the . - • . . , .Percentage
Males. . ,
mere .absence of all other inducement. A. B. is a
, Females. Total
- Females
'it4loo Males
man of great wealth, made.by his own intelligence, Census o£ 1154, 155,87580,930 236,776 ; 514 ..
energy, and abstinence. His income is, say 20,0001. coli,..us of 1357, 255,116 145,,403, 403,519 ::, 56;3
a-year.- If he lived in England he would perhaps In 1854. there were:every few Chinese in the!
deltas old Sir R. Peel did, -sendlis son to Oxford) colony ; now there are 40,000, all =lei. If we
buy him a seat in Parlianieht, and give him the deduct these from the males, the population oil
opportunity-of making himself Prime Minister ;or Etiropean-race will be 218,116 males and 145) i 403'
be might have him highly trained for th '
e.bar and female, or 664 femalesW.4.loly 100 malts.'
place the youth's foot on the first step of the ladder The House of' A ssemblat.has:resolaed, by a clear
to the woblsacke He might' alio encourage thefine majority of the HOuse, 31,,;'Whichii -Msceisaty un-1
arts, as Mr. Vermin did; -by waking a- largq celled der the constitrit'on, to -abtdiSh State aid to'reli-I
tion of the works of modern artists, and,afterw`ardis gion at the end of 1859. Tliii motion was reinark-i
present hie Collection "to' the' nation. • Here, how- . able as. disclosing one of "the arrangethen,ts on
ever, he trains-up his son in the pa.h he, has himself minor mattirs".alluded to by Mr. Haines 'oil Whichis
trodden, places him as a- clerk in a. merchant's the presopt
.Ministry is • acting. Mr. Haines, the.
office or a bank:at 16 or 17 'years of age, and hopes Chief Secretary, who has always been 4posed-td
the son will follow in his own-footsteps. i The in- the abolition of the 53d. clause, giving 50,000/
ducements to accumulate
.will be :weakened most a year in aid of public worship, arc., to ;Christian
likely in the son's time by the strengthening of the sects, now voted with the majority. So did O'Sha-
inducements in favour of other and higher enjoy- nassy. Though the opponents of State aid' rejoice
meats ; but at present the former greatly outweigh in the result, Ido not think the vote Of Hainefi
in strength the latter. e-: . s, , se- --' - ;gill 'O'Shanassy will :do ei her of them lunch
There is a. marked difference I.Af.vraen ITAPlTru.nia. g6ed. The colleagues whoin•Mr. HainetithileVi over-
and Victoria, which has some effects in favouring board, and who continue sore about it, are said
the accumulation of money capital here. The to sneer at his sudden change of opinion, but
practice of selling land in place of granting it was O'Shanassy's vote has silenced the opposition
adopted in 1831, by what are known as Lord Ili- against Haines. It is troublesome question out of
pon's regulations. This was shortly after the pub- the way.
lication of Edward Gibbon Wakefield's letter from The Government Bill for the management of the
Sydney, containing his plan for selling laud at a Crown lands has given great dissatisfaction. They
fixed uniform price, and devoting the proceeds to have carried the second reading by a majority of
the transmission of young c auples or young persons 10, but it will be. greatly cut up in committee. It
of both sexes to the colonies. Before that the Go- is highly favourable to the squatters and injurious
vernmeut, desiring to change the charact rof Van to small capitalists who desire to occupy land. If
Diemen's Land from a territorial gaol to a colony, it pass in its present state, no labouring man who
had offered great encouragement to free emigrants has the least ambition to become a small farmer
of the employing class. Such as could show that, should be advised to come to this country, even
they had capital obtained a maximum grant of though his passage be paid. If be be a mere hewer
2,400 acres, and were also assigned servants to of wood and drawer of water, content with good
cultivate it. Having improved the first grant, they wages and cheap rum, without any desire to raise
had no difficulty in obtaining another and another. himself, he may come.
In this way a body of country geetlemen grew The Argus makes the gold shipped amount to
up, and there are now many beautiful estates 1,236,428 outlet s, value 4,945,712/., or about
with large parks around the mansions, with en- 10,000,0001. a-year. The Herald's account is more.
closures surrounded with whiteho:n Ledges, Mr. Archer, of the registrar's department, makes
intersected by good roads managed by the resident the population of Victoria, corrected up to the Ist
owners. These gen.lemen form the body of the of July, 414,000 ; adding New South Wales,
country magistracy, and often represent their coun- 300,000 ; Sou.h. Australia, 105,000 ; Tasmania,
ties in the Legislature. Many of them have become 80,000 ; Western Australia, 14,000 ; and New Zea-
wealthy, but nearly all they have made has gone to land, 130,000, we have a total of 1,043,000. The
the improvem-nt of their e tates and the increase of new ,errivale this year are 25,800, and the depar-
their flocks and herds, and their gains do not mate- tures 9,481, making our net gain 16,316 persons.
rially swell the annual amount of capital reeking in- The European had a very severe passage from
vestment in the ordinary securities. In this colony Sydney, which has delayed her two days more. It
we have no such class. There may be a few persons was a sad mistake to send off the Simla as the agents
who dwell upon their own " purchased laud," and did. The Governor-General steamer, from Sydney,
have built good homesteads ; but they are not nu- was oblige] to put back, and has received so severe
merous enough to form a distinct and conspicuous a handling from the weather that it is doubtful
class. The colony was not settled until long after whether she will be seaworthy again.
the land regulations of 1831 had been in full opera- The Ta :maniere Assembly is prorogued. I send
tion, and it was settled by squatters who acqu'red the speech of Sir H. Young :
no permanent interest in the soil, but only a tem- " Hon. Gentlemen of the Legislative Council and Gen-
porary and revocable interest in the herb ago. These timer) of the House of Assembly,—
" pastoral tenants of the Crown" divided the whole " I congratulate you that, for the present, your labours
country among them. Gradually the great squat- are brought to a close, and that, notwithstanding ocza-
tors succeeded in squeezing out the smaller squat- sions of hindrance, you have been able t) pass sor
necessaryselre i
have
elxll3)eeeptreel ;en sbs
be free
e public
from
tars. They have always looked wi h dissafsfaction useful an
upon the progress of cultivation, and they have business cdOul4l
intrruption in the initiation of Parliamentaryi Govern-
usually been at war with the rest of society te secure
merit, and 17:-.nsinallia has only shared in the experience
a perpetuation of their monopoly, and prevent the
of other Australian colonies; but the hope may be in-
progress of settlements, which they regardscl as en- dulged, and is even already justified, that with extended
croachine, on their vested rights. acquaintance with that form of government, its principle
To return° to my subject. If speculative consign- and practice will be modified and adapted to local cir-
ments to this colony and New South Wales are eumstances, and its successful results will prove not less
kept in due check, if our import trade is left to the than were anticipated from its re-adoption. Among the
control and regulation of our importing merchant, measures which you have passed I enumerate with par-
Ido not apprehend any commercial revulsion from titular satisfaction, as being calculated to correct bacon-
an excess of supply as compared with the effectual veniences that have been hitherto felt, or otherwise to
demand. If we have any revulsion and glut it will the public service,—
arise from circumstances which will tend to impair "The Act to restore the jurisdiction of the Court of
Requests for the district of Hobart Town ;
the demand, and not from those which tend to ag-
~ The Act for the better securing the independence of
gravate the state of the supply. Overtrading in
the judges of the Supreme Court ;
house building would have that effe ,t ; over-specu- " The Act to abolish the exclusive jurisdiction of
lation in land would operate in Vie same way. I certain maeistrat.a ; and
say this because credit is often extensively resorted "The Public Works Loan Act, in which provision is
to in both these enterprises. The building and made towards connecting Tasmania by submarine cable
house-owning interest is 310 W in the ascendant. with the electric telegraphs and the maireland of AUR•
They have no difficulty in obtaining 1 urge discounts tralia.
from the banks, and this is alrnoA the only way in "I regret that you have not been able to devise any
which, to any extent, credit is made to swell measure in respect to the sale and settlement of the
the amount of building speculation. To some ex- waste lan.ds n
thin the colony ;
of o 3
I fully admit
.aendneaxct-
encyadoo
pro
tent, but in a minor degr e, money is also raised by
sessioniesce of Parliame exepnet Le .nipoenfinagn y till th
bill on this
way of mortgage for building purposes, but by this
subject, as preferable to its being legislated on in a crude
means the day of reckoning is more re:nolo. The
necessity and parth.l manner, which would require amendment at
for meeting the three months' bills makes a
future period.
previous overtrading conspicuous the moment the "Gentlemen of the House of Assembly,—
he 93
banks take the alarm, and " put on the screw" by
of
ended withs
refusing renewals. "I have to thank you for the libtiatity
plies, and to assure you they will be
Within a few months about a million and a half regard to economy, which
thtionnof the revenue
v the
lid e d i n the bills you have
of capital has been proposed to be raised by new. imperative.at twelve months
e fi"cia'nences renders
projects--payable by instalments. The Hobson's is so commonTlhyesttaixte of.
Bay Railway Company propose to raise 150,000/, that the andperitpof an aptrofiprrd
shorter period p
not,
I hope, become a prece-
additional capital. A company to extend the line submitted for 1 5 will
from Sr. Kilda to Brighton requires 125,000/. ; ,dent.
4 Ron.
anot her railway, to Brighton via Richmond, Heinen of the House of Assembly,—
Gentlemen of the Legislative Council and Gen-
Prahran, and East St. Kilda, 300,000/. ; a new " I thank you for the :vsiciious attention you have
bank, on the mutual principle, 530,000/. ; a new given to the affairs of the country during a session which
insurance company, 200,000/. ; the calls of the to many, if not all of you, must have been inconveniently
Colonial Bank of Australasia, 100,000/. ; an omni- protracted. It is gratifying to. me, before separating, to
bus company,
is expected
100,000/. Here we have nearly be enabled to
thacoquaintyoutnat, notwithstanding the
(‘rom the returns
1,500,000/., irrespective of the demand of the Go- attractionsof goldfields. of the adjacent colony, the
census of the present year
new al but completed) to show an aggregate population
vernment for capital to carry on the several pro-
jected lines. oq nearly 80,000 souls, being an increase of about
Now, if a check upon our commercial prosperity°
10,000 as compared with 1851.
" The commercial and trading interests of the two
does take place within the next 18 months or tw
i of . .
years it will originate, not as the revulsion principal towns, as well as those of the townships in the
1854-5 did, in excessiveimportations
.over a.❑d'iliove
interior, are in a sounder state than they were a short
our very large demand, but from our impaired lir- time since. The markets for the principal produce of
chasing power, brought about by our go_ntieg a littleP Tasmania, both foreign and domestic, exhibit no syrup
prT____NinWorks, toms of decline, but the contrary, and an encouraging
too fast in public, semi-Public, and
requiring constant accretions of capital—money al oney prospect generally opens to the enterprise and the in-
capital in the first instance, substantive capital in dustry of the different classes of the community. I
the second instance. venture to hope that, under the blessing of Divine Pro-
At present present I see no ground for the least appre- vidence, your past and future labours may be found
pension, but there is enough in what is going on to conduce to the benefit of theme you -represent by deve.

rPItICJEI 4D. STAMPED 51).]

AUSTRALIA.