The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENfi-GARDEN.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.
Harrison, Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, and during the Week,' Balfe's New
legendary Opera, BIANCA, THE BRAVO'S BRIDE
ILiss Louisa Pyne, Miss Thirlwall ; Messrs. A. Lawrence,
J. Wharton, H. Corri, A. St. Albyn, G. Kelly, Wallworth, T.
Pistin, Lyall, and W. Harrison.
With the Grand Pantomime, BLUE BEARD ; or, llarle-
/min and Freedom in her Island Home. Clowns, Messrs. H.
poleno, H. Payne. Hildyard, and Lilliputians. Harlequins,
Messrs. Milano and F. Payne. Pantaloons, Messrs. Barnes
011 d Tanner. Columbines, Mdme. Bolen° and Clara Morgan.
oprites, the Zelinski Family. Mr. W. H. Payne, Mlle.
34amoureux, &C.
Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon. Commence at Seven.

rrHEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Leagee, Mr. J. B. Buekstone.
r THIS EVENING the nerformtneea Will Annimenee with
desirl SFIE STOOPS TO CONQUER. Miss Tfardcastie,
Wise Fanny Stirling; Tony Lumpkin, Mr. Buckstone.
After which, a new Pantomime, QUEEN LADYBIRD
AND HER CHILDREN. The Pantomimists by the un-
rivalled Leclereqs, Herr Cole, and Fanny Wright.
Commence at 7.

BOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—
Lessee and Manager. Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVFNING. the performances will commence with
THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Messrs. Eechter, Harris,
liLeadows, Mrs. Weston, rnd Miss Murray.
After which. a new Christmas comical pantomime, entitle King
d
ROBINSON CRUSOE ; or, Harlequin Friday, and the
of the Caribbe Islands : in which Monsieur Espinosa and
Mdlle. Marie Dumilatre, of the principal cantinental theatres,
Will appear. Clown. Kr. A. F. Forrest.

THEATRE - ROY AL LYCEUM.
Sots Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
Last Week of Mr. John Drew's Engagement.
THIS EVENING, a new Drama, entitled THE IRISH
EMIGRANT. Messrs. G. Vining.. J. Johnstone, T. Lyon.
yorrester, and John Drew; Miss Kate Saville, Miss Stuart,
and Mrs. •t• Rouse.
Atter which. the Lyceum Christmas Comic Extravaganza,
CRYSTABELLE or, The Rose without a Thorn, showing
THE VISIO `T OF A ROSE. ITS FADING AT EVE
AND THE MAY-BLOOM OF THE WILD BRIAR.
To conclude With MORE BLUNDERS TITAN ONE.
Larry Hoolagan, Me.:John Drew.

A pgi-,PHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Proprietor awl Manseer. Mr. Pen!. 'Webster.
TRIS EVENING, AN UGLY CUSTOMER. Messrs. J.
7.. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E.
Thorne.
After which, TILE COLLEEN BAWN. 13. llottoieault, 11.
Fisher, Billineton, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer.
Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and
Mrs. Chatterley.
To conclude with a new Burleeque Extravaeanza, entitled
BLUE BEARD Fe OM A NEW POINT OF TII7E.
Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, C. J. Smith;
Miss Woolgar,
K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and E. Thorne.
Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.
Box-offlce open trom 10 till 5.
No charge for booking.
Private boxes, £2 28. ; Family Boxes, It
Orchestra Stalls, 55. ; Balcony, 45.: Front Circle Stalls, Ss. ;
Pit Stalls, 25.; ?Mts. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6cl.
Actlne manazer—Mr. Wm. Smith.
•

sTLEys ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.—
, Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY.
Last Two NightS of the Wondrously Trained Lions.
This Evening, a new Spectacle, en-titled THE LION
CONQUEROR ; or, The Death Jungle, expressly for the
introduction of the Wonders of the World, "The Gronpe
of
To Pe rfo rming* Lions." The Lion Conqueror, Mr. J. Crockett
be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena, supported by
talented Parisian and Brilisfr Artistes.
Coneludine with Batty's Prize Equestian Comic Panto-
mime, for Good Little Boys and Girls, by T. L. Greenwood,
entitled HARLEQUIN ANT) THE WONDERFUL
HORSE ; or. Percinet and Grochlsa, the Ugly Duchess and
the Greedy Ring, produced with Gorgeous Scenery, by Mr.
Cuthbert, new Costumes and Appointments, and introducing
In the comic scenes Batty's Prize Equestrian Harlequinade,
and the celebrated Old Bob Ridley, and Brandon Ledger.
Doors open at half-last 6, pertormanoe oommesoe at 7.
Box-oftloe open daily from 11 till 4
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST;
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson;

CANTERBURY-HALL PANTOMIME
THE ENCHANTED HASH,"
EVERY EVENING.
ENTERTAINING PEOPLE.
Mr. MARSHALL and Mr. BELL.
GOOD TEOPLE.
Wildroae, 1 Fairies, with the usual accom- 1 Mr. Marshall
Primrose, 5 plishmenfs. J Mr. Bell.
COMMON PEOPLE.
Farmer Thickhead (it husbandman, with a Wife
Mr. Bell.
and Child. who make a fool of him)
Giles Gosling (the mysi Prious Orphan, who runs
after every Miss, and afterwards Harlequin)Mr. Marshall.
Dame Thickhead (who having worn out the
breeches, takes to Pantaloons) Mr. Bell.
Dolly (the bell of the village, which Giles
in-
tends to ring the—changes to Columbine)..Mr. Marshall.
BAD PEOPLE.
NOwleygrOWley,l Demons of the blackest dye ) Mr. Marshall
Growleyhowley, 5 and brightest Magenta. 5 Mr. Bell.
COMIC PEOPLE.
Harlequin Mr. F. BELL.
Columbine ...... •••••. Mr. E. MARSHALL.
Clown
Pantaloon ........ ........ Mr. F. BELL.
Scene, CANTERBURY (thaf-t's) HALL
nine!—Time A.D. 1861, at
halpaat
Mr. B. A pack of nonsense !
Mr. M. What We want—
Pooh ! pooh !
Mr. B.
The idea! a Pantomime played by two I

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tms DAY.—Morning, 6h. 16m.—Afternoon, 6h. !34m.
To-mounow.-Morning, 6h. 50m.—Afternoon, 7b.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JAN. 18, 1861.
THERMOMETER, IN TIM SHADE.
37—highest since soon yeeterday.
27—lowest this morning and during the night.
37—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.30.
WlND—North-Easterly—moderate; with cold raw
weather, and heavy fog in the morning.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JAN. 18, 1881

" Very sorry," said CountREcHBERG—" I deeply
deplore it"—when told by the French Ambassador,
that his master was about to withdraw his ships
from Gaeta. He had reason to be so. While the
" Moderator of Revolutions" kept his cousin's
father-in-law in check there, Austria felt her lease
of Venetia pretty secure. If the better part of the
Piedmontese army were detained, and with its
best siege artillery compelled to encamp around
the strong fortress, it :could not at the same time be
thinking of any of the fortresses of the Quadrangle.
If it should be delayed there till late in the spring,
it would be unable to commence any operations
in the North this year ; and if another year could
be got over, and if Hungary could be quieted, old
BENEDER would be able to direct the whole force of
the Austrian empire against CIALDINI. Very
sorry indeed, therefore, we may be sure, the Em-
peror of AUSTRIA was, when he learned that that
pleasant hope was at an end. French ships re-
placed by Admiral PERSANO'S, and the completed
batteries of CIALDINI must soon give a good ac-
count of the garrison of Gaeta, strong as the place is.
Indeed, the universal expectation is that the foreign
troops, who chiefly compose the garrison, will grow
weary of such perfectly hopeless work, and that
the KING some morning will not return from the
Spanish ship of war, on board of which he is said
to seek his nightly repose.
On the other side of him the sorrows of Count
RECIIBERG and his master increase rather than
diminish: The great kingdom which forms almost
the military strength of his empire refuses to suc-
cumb. It goes on taking back one old law or
right after another, quietly and as a matter of
course. It has forced the EMPEROR himself to
acknowledge the electoral law of 1848, and it is
acting upon the other laws of that now famous
date, as fast as opportunity offers. Then, the
Comitats or county assemblies, which had, if
anything, too much power for a general govern-
ment, now that they are in a measure reorganised,
-resume their powers. They . dismiss the Atm=
triaa officials, and fill their places with
Germans, and are thus by degrees clear-
ing the country of the presence of the
hated strangers. The comitat of Pesth has
even gone so far as to declare the money
collected since 1848 to have been raised ille-
gally, because without the consent of the Diet,
and will not suffer what is in hand to be touched.
At present order is generally kept, always, in fact,
we !nay say, except when the troops, as in a recent
case, force on a collision with the people. The
Hungarians are perplexing their oppressors by
adhering to undeniable legal right. The Austrian
Mitnisters know that, since 1849, all their changes
of Government and administration have been
groply illegal. There is nothing whatever is the ,

treaties between Hungary and the Hapsburgs,
nothing in the laws of the Kingdom which affords
the slightest foundation for what has been done by
SCHIVARTZENBERG, BACH, and their successors and
comrades. It has all been effected at the point of the
bayonet, not in virtue of law and right ; and if the
bayonet dares not act law resumes its course.
Only very recently two of the most distinguished
Hungarians of 1848, Judge DEAK and Baron
EOTTOS, visited Vienna ; their demand was that of
all Hungarians, a separate kingdom, united only by
the Crown to the rest of the Austrian Empire—
the control of their own taxation and their own
troops. The EMPEROR is reported to have said
As yet, notwithstanding all our misfortunes and
shortcomings, we have not ceased to be reckoned
among the Great States of Europe. But what
do you think would be the consequence of a
division of the Empire into a variety of inde-
pendent countries, with the person of the SOVE-
REIGN as the sole and exclusive point of union ?
I cannot acquiesce in the plan of splitting up
my armies into several armies, each of them
under the direction of different Ministers, and
relying on the grants of different Parliaments.
Whatever you may be pleased to propose on
other points, it will be impossible for me to
accede to this. Once more, gentlemen, neither
will I nor can I have a Hungarian force by the
side of a German or Bohemian."
Such language may be all very well in the mouth
of the poor young despot ; but we imagine the
Hungarians will heed it but little. They are not
in the temper to give up their demands. They
require that the Hungarian regiments shall return
to the kingdom, and the detested Austrians quit it ;
and if they steadily persist in their demand they
must get it. It is a pretty dilemma for the EM-
PEROR. If he employs out of Hungary, especially
in Venetia, regiments whom their countrymen ask
should return home, he cannot trust them in his
army. They may shoot their Austrian officers
again on the day of battle, and go over to the enemy,
and paralyse all his movements. If again, he send them
home, they will be a Parliamentary army in Hun-
gary, prepared to sustain the laws of 1848 at the
point of the bayonet. It may be a great mortifica-
tion to FRANCIS JOSEPH to be King here, Archduke
at home, Elector somewhere, and no one knows
what else besides, instead of the magnificent
Emperor of AUSTRIA, but there is no help for it.
He and his brutal ancestors have sinned away their
day of Grace, and they must now bear the conse-
quences.

Austria's hope for the ensuing spring was the
unsettlement of the South of Italy. Gaeta and
Messina, and the petty disturbances fomented by
Royalist agents in the KING'S name, were to occupy
the troops of the King of PIEDMONT, and his army
was to have quite enough to do with direct military
work and repressing insurrection. But that hope
is doubly destroyed—not only by the too late
return to reason of the French EMPEROR at Gaeta,
but by the Administration now established at
Naples. There seems every probability that Prince
CARIGNAN will, personally, prove an acceptable
Viceroy, and his first act, than which surely one
more popular could hardly have been desired, has
been to intrust POERIO with the formation of an
Administration. May he be found practically
equal to his very difficult task ! And may his
success be some atonement to him for the
long years of cruel and infamous torture which
he long endured! There is now we think
strong ground to hope that Southern Italy and the
Papal dominions may become so well settled, as to
leave the Italian Army free for any demands which
may be made on it in the spring.
But the spring! With what bated breath do
we look forward to that. Calculation is impossible.
To ponder over the many various elements of great
movements only assures one of the absurdity of pro-
phesying. Prussia we may set aside—she is
anchored in selfishness, though that selfishness
may be frightened. But with Hungary liable any
hour to be provoked out of her admirable pas-
sive resistance—with Venetia crammed with
Austrian soldiers, the Venetians subjugated only,
and the country not to be sold to liberty—with GARI-
BALDI ready ft); anything in North Italy, in Dal-
matia, in Hungary—VlCTOß EMMANUEL unable,
probably, if he wishes to quiet the demand for
the liberation of Venetia—with the moody vain
Emperor of the FRENCH looking on the whole, his
will almost decisive of what shall be allowed—
yet no one able to conjecture whether Peoples or
Despots are to share his favours next time; with
England, fighting through her Foreign-office and
her Parliament, and fighting effectually too, since she
chose to be stronger on the ocean than her neigh-
bour—with so much combustible material, and so
many causes of combustion—whether—when--
where war shall break out, no mortal can predict.

The diplomatic course recently pursued in China
by the Russian Government was certainly as
admirably well-timed as it was eminently charac-
teristic. Without firing a gun, without despatching
a single ship of war into the Chinese waters, without
disembarking upon the Chinese shores one solitary
regiment—the Russians have, nevertheless, by
simply watching their opportunity, realised every
one of their projects out at Pekin, whether political
or commercial. We yesterday published in the
columns of our journal in extenso the text of the
new Treaty between Russia and China—the Treaty
concluded at Pekin on the 14th of November, 1860,
and ratified at St. Petersburg on the Ist of January,
1861—a document signed by Prince KUNG, on the
part of the Emperor HIEN FLING, and by General
IGNATIEFF, on the part of the Emperor ALEXANDER.
It is impossible, of course, to blame the Muscovite
Government for its adroitness in availing itself
thus of the results produced out in China
through the formidable agency of the allied
expedition. The power of the Tartar dynasty
having been prostrated in the dust by the stretched
out arms of France and England—the Autocrat of
all the Russias, as a rational man, of coarse, hesi-
tated not one instant to avail himself to the full of
so very tempting an opportunity. Through his
diplomatic agent and representative, General
NICHOLAS IGNATIEFF, his Imperial MAJESTY con-
trived with admirable skill to extort from the
rulers of China, when at their weakest, all the con-
cessions which, for a very long while past, the Rus-
sian had been striving to obtain by fair means or
by foul from the Chinese Government. The latter
Government, like a strong man suddenly overthrown,
was lying prostrated and paralysed at the con-
quering feet of the Allied Expedition—when Rus-
sian diplomacy planting its knee upon the breast
of the vanquished and grappling the throat of the
fallen Unfortunate, extorted from it before it could
rise again to its feet all those fifteen im-
portant concessions enumerated in the remarkable
document, the Treaty between China and Russia
already referred to as having been put-
lished is The Sun of yesterday. It is an instruc-
tive spectacle in its way, this last cunning achieve-
ment of Russian Diplomacy. As spectators we
quarrel not with it—but at the same time, as
Englishmen, none of us covet or envy it as an
achievement. If our Treaty of Peace has unhappily
cost us some little blood and several millions ster-
ling in getting out that expedition by mewl of

--....—
which it was: extort( Id—the Treaty of Peace nego-
tiated by General D.:IIsTATIEFF, while costing Russia
neither one drop of blood, nor yet one solitary
ruble, has nevertheless cost it far more, for it has
cost it the prestige u! its Imperial reputation. It
has revealed to the world at large the somewhat
despicable spectacle of Russia playing the part of
the carrion crow after the flight of the Imperial
Eagle of Franco, and of the jackal prowling at the
heels of the Royal Lion of England !

The lamentable destitution now rife in London
comes as a terribly opportune justification of the
recent movement set on foot by W. D. B. and his
sympathising co-operators, for the carrying of
Relief more directly into the squalid Homes—if
Homes these wretched dens of misery can be called

—hid away in the secret places, the foul back•
slums and populous rookeries of the metropolis.

It could hardly have been expected that any of
the charitable institutions already in existence
before this new scheme of benevolence was first
thought of by W. D. 8., and first mooted by him
through the brief but electric communication which
he addressed but a very few months back to our
chief morning contemporary—it could hardly, we
say, have been expected that any of the old

established associations for the relief of poverty
in this vast twin city of London and West-
minster, could regard with jealousy and
with irritation, as an intruder, this new-born
project for the diminution of the chances of star-
vation ! Yet such actually has been the case from
its commencement. It was argued by the pro-
moters of the various previously existing establish-
ments, that those establishments constituted for
the metropolis a perfectly adequate system of
charitable organisation. Their cry was, from the
very beginning of this humane movement—parti-
cularly after the inauguration meeting at the
Thatched House Tavern, St. James's-street, an
influential meeting presided over by his grace the
Duke of MANCHESTER—" We want no help, but
least of all such help as you could give us !" They
appeared, these old-world relievers of distress, to
shrink from the Volunteers of Benevolence who
were pressing forward to their assistance in
the work of charity—to shrink from
anything like association with them, as
from some mysterious kind of contamination P
Their argument was that the old societies were
enough for London. Notwithstanding the fright-
ful evidence to the contrary, afforded to the world
from time to time through the returns of the Re-
gistrar-General—those appalling returns which
have been announcing hitherto periodically the
dreadful fact that men, and women, and children
die, from time to time, in the midst of all our
wealth, of all our charity, die literally, every now
and then, from actual famine. Yet in defiance of
these notorious truths—truths glaring upon the
imagination of all, at uncertain intervals, through
little pargraphs not unfrequently met with in the
columns of the public newspapers—the charitable
institutions (in spite of all whose noble exertions
these miserable deaths from starvation do most
unquestionably occur), repelled with jealousy, as
though it were really, as we have said, an in-
truder alien to the object they all had in view,
repelled with jealousy, as though it were some
strangely antagonistic intruder, this latest adven-
turer in the great cause of carrying relief to our
destitute population.
Since this Society for the Relief of Distress,
however, was first established, immediately prior
to the commencement of this present winter of
1860-1861—a wintry season of unusual inclemency
—how overwhelming has been its justification !
Why, the destitution now in search of relief, in spite
of all the old institutions, in spite oven of the
energetic co-operation of this latest addition to the
charitable societies of the metropolis—the destitu-
tion now seeking relief in this immense capital is
stalking at this moment visibly and audibly
through our chief thoroughfares ! Thousands of
able-bodied men out of work are wandering in
melancholy groups through our streets pleading
to the passers-by for assistance. And every
one of these poor fellows represents a
home, represents a family. There is the emaciated
wife or the drooping old mother at home with the
cluster of poor famishing children, There is nearly
every available object in the wretched apartment
i in which each of these families may be huddled toge-
ther,th ere is every available object there that could be
carried off to the pawnbrokers'—clothing, furniture,
or what not—long since pawned for food and fuel,
and in this manner long ago consumed. Look at
the records given in our columns from day to day,
of the deplorable scenes witnessed at our principal
police stations. Respectable artisans—men who
have honestly earned their bread heretofore by the
sweat of their brow—driven at last (we are left to
imagine with what pangs of anguish) to seek the
alms that may be vouchsafed to them by the
benevolence of those whose almoners are our
metropolitan magistrates, Hundreds upon
hundreds are now living relieved in this
way from day to day—altogether apart from
the assistance afforded to the rest of the poor of the
metropolis through the customary charitable organi-
sation, In spite of all which, in spite of our over-
crowded workhouses, in spite of the zealous labours
of our clergymen of all denominations, in spite of
the isolated efforts made by private benevolence,
and of the systematic endeavours of all our elee- i
mosynary establishments combined—it would be
an extravagant hope to cherish for one instant the
notion that this inclement season will pass over
without causing the deaths of very many through
cold, and nakedness, and hunger, and thirst, in
other words, through absolute neglect and starva-
tion. The knowledge of this, however, instead of
relaxing our efforts in any particular, ought,
on the contrary, to hearten us all to in-
creased exertions for the relief of this
widespread and appalling destitution, so that
the number of these frightful deaths may at any
rate in some measure be diminished ; so that the
miseries of our suffering fellow-creatures may in
some degree at least be mitigated. Every penny
so applied—every effort so directed—is in its value
at this moment a wholly inestimable act of bene-
volence. Firmly persuaded of which, we do ear-
nestly appeal to every one who may read these words
to forward the good work in some way, however
apparently trivial in itself; and if no other means
for doing this should present itself to the reader's
imagination, to drop but one additional mite into
the corbona of Mr. DAVENPORT BROMLEY'S newly
organized charitable association.

There is no truth in the paragraph, published
yesterday, stating that Sir John Ramsden has been ap-
pointed Under Secretary of State for War. Mr. Bating has
succeeded Earl de Grey and Ripon in that post.

Mr. Godley, Permanent Under Secretary at the
War-office, has, we are glad to hear, returned to his duties
in Pall-mall, after a lengthened absence caused by severe
illness.

ELECTION FOR PEMBORKESHIRE.—PEMBROKE,
Thursday.—At the close of the poll this evening the Con-
servative candidate, Mr. G. Lort Phillips, had a majority
of 215 over the Liberal candidate, Mr. Hugh Owen.
On Wednesday two vessels, laden with cattle,
from Spain, and bound respectively for London and South•
ampton, put in at Plymouth, having experienced violent
gales. Many of the cattle had died, and many more had
been seriously injured. The total damage was estimated
itt £l,OOO.

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THE SUN.