The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-26 00:00:00

vention between the three Powers most interested !
in the question. The Patrie admits that the French

Government has fully approved the conduct of its
Minister in Mexico; that it has expressed its great
dissatisfaction with the measures of the President
Juares, audits intention to protect the French inte-
rests affected by them. But no decision has been
made as to the means to be employed to effect this
result.

POLAND.

(PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
WARSAW, SEPT. 20.
The state of things in this unfortunate country is
every day becoming more unendurable. The ap-
pointment of General Lambert to the Viceroyalty
excited some faint hopes of a change of system,
which, however, were soon destined to be dispelled.
No one doubts his intention to conciliate the Poles
by a milder rule ; but it is evident that his instruc-
tions do not allow him to swerve even by a hair's
breadth from the line of conduct adopted at-St.
Petersburg with regard to the national movement
in Poland. That movement all their efforts are
bent to crush; and all the machinery of violence
and espionage, which they know so well how to
work, is brought to bear upon this object. Here at
Warsaw General Lambert's personal character has
done much to mitigate the severity of the Govern-
ment measures; open violence is no longer resorted
to, and although every possible obstacle is placed in
the way of any demonstration of the national feel-
ings or will, there has been no repetition of the
atrocious butcheries which disgraced the rule of his
predecessors. On the other hand a most base and
provoking system of espionage has been organised,
with the view of introducing dissension into the
national party. Members of the Prussian police
force in Posen, the same police which had tried to
get up a revolution in that province by circulating
among the inhabitants addresses from a pretended
Polish committee in London, and whose proceedings
on that occasion were afterwards clearly proved and
denounced in the Prussian Chamber, have been sent
to Warsaw, no doubt at the request of the Russian
Government, to ply their dirty calling. Fortunately
the patriots got wind of their approaching arrival, and
warnings against their machinations were soon sent
all over the country. They were not a moment too
late ; for on the occasion of the performance of the
funeral service for the victims of the recent events
at Vilna, at a numerously attended church in the
town, a man came forward after the service and
read a most inflammatory address to the congrega-
tion, which was very badly received, its tone and
language clearly showing the source from which it
had emanated. The same address was afterwards
posted up in the town, and torn down almost as
soon; and an address from the patriots was published,
the moderation of whose language and sentiments
showed a striking contrast to the violence and abuse
of the Russian decument. Indeed, the Poles re-
quired no warning to discern the source from which
this document proceeded. So long as the Russians
preach violence and insurrection, they stand very
little chance of being mistaken for patriots. The
Poles have had too much experience of the conse-
quences of ill-considered revolutions to allow them-
selves once more to be caught in the trap. Work,
moderation, self restraint, perseverance, are the
qualities they most admire and strive after ; and
any one advocating violent measures is looked upon
with suspicion as either a turbulent enthusiast or a
spy, who can only do injury to the national cause.
In the provinces the condition of the Poles is still
more lamentable. There is scarcely a district
which is not governed by a militaty tyrant invested
with full powers. All the provinces but Volhynia,
Podolia, and Ukraine, are in a state of siege ; the
troops are quartered on the inhabitants, twenty
soldiers in some cases being billeted on the same
family, and the most disgraceful outrages are com-
mitted by them with impunity. People with money
or jewellery about them are stopped by the soldiers
and robbed in the open street, and houses and shops
have been broken into by them and ransacked of
everything valuable they contained. In the southern
provinces the flower of the Polish youth were in-
duced, by a rumour spread by Russian agents, of
the formation of a Polish legion in the Trans-Danu-
bian provinces to proceed to the Moldavian frontier,
where they were seized and sent to Russia. Other
agents, chiefly discharged soldiers and other-dis-
reputable characters, have been discovered insinuat-
ing themselves into the families of the peasants,
encouraging them to murder their masters, and
, thorn w:,1„ • .•," it,
dog the steps of the patriots, in order to procure
information which might lead to their arrest. In
Lithuania General Nazimoff and his agents spread
a report among the peasants that the object of th©
organisation of the patriots was to enslave them,
and that the prayer, " God save Poland," was
to implore the aid of Providence in carrying out
their plans; and they were only undeceived by the
publication of, the prayer in Polish and Samogitian
(the language of the Lithuanian peasants) which
showed them its true meaning.
The great national religious fete at Czenstochowa,
which has just ended, was a very brilliant one,
80,000 Polish pilgrims, from all parts of the coun-
t try, were present, and among them 50,000 peasants.
. The procession from Warsaw came with a flag with
the Polish eagle on it ; and the other processions
from all parts of the country passed through the
various towns and villages on their way singing
the national hymns. The most cordial harmony and
unanimity prevailed, and even the troops, who were
encamped in large numbers under General Wagner
near the town, did not attempt any interference
with the proceedings. When the festival was
over, and the processions began to return to their
homes, each of them was accompanied by thou-
sands of people with crosses and sacred pictures
as it left the town, and women and children
with black and white dresses, priests, monks, and
others threw green garlands and flowers in its
way. The departure of one of these processions,
that from Posen, was the indirect cause of a
disgraceful outrage perpetrated by the troops at
Kalisz. It appears that, as usual, the police had
spread false rumours of the approaching arrival
of this procession in the town on its way home, the
consequences of which rumour was, of course,
the assemblage of a large number of people in
the streets to give their fellow-countrymen a
cordial reception. As soon as a sufficiently
large number, in the opinion of the commandant,
had collected, he sounded a whistle, with
which he had provided himself for the
occasion, and immediately the soldiery rushed
out upon the people with their bayonets, which
they were so drunk as to be almost incapable of
using. This, and the darkness of the night, no
doubt saved the lives of many, but numbers were
wounded and otherwise ill-treated, arrested, and
robbed of all they had on them. Krajewski, an
old man of 70, was dragged along the pavement,
and beaten with sticks and the butt-ends of muskets
by three patrols in succession. Jencz, -a chemist,
was seized in his shop, robbed of his watch, and
severely wounded in the head with a knife; and
whilst be was being treated in this way an officer
stood looking on with his arms folded, and turned
a deaf ear to his complaints and appeals. Women
and children were wounded and beaten, and one,
the wife of a policeman, who was with child, was
killed. Such was the revenge of the Nizowski re
giment for the charivari the inhabitants gave them
last July for their brutal conduct on a former occa-
sion. Upwards,of a hundred were killed in this
abominable massacre, and twenty-five wounded.
Several of the latter, among whom are some
children, are in prison. Next morning a deputation
I was sent to Gen. Lambert at Warsaw, to ask for
redress, but he refused to receive them. General
Paulucci has, however, been sent to Kalisz to
investigate the matter. Meanwhile the troops hold
undisputed possession of the city. The people
do not dare to leave their houses, for those whom
necessity compelled to do so were instantly seized
and half-killed by the soldiery, without distine_
tion of age or sex. The instigators of these out-
rages are Colonel Zajcow and Captain Bergmann.
The wife of the latter, a Polish lady, has separated
from him in consequence of his unmanly treatment
of her fellow-countrymen.
Snch acts cannot much longer be borne, ever, by
so patient and long. suffering a nation as the Poles
have shown themselves to be. The
- hopes of all