The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14, 1861.

T "

O X F OR D,
6, OXFORD-STREET.
The architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and
brilliancy of lighting- of this noble building, render it one of
the sights of London. Open Every Evening. The pro-
gramme is varied, and includes Selectinis from "La Tra-
viat,," "Ern Ballo in Maschera, Arc., (by a full company of
principals, powerful band, and chorus). Solos by Miss Bryant
en the Piano Forte, and by Mr. Russell on the Trombone.
Old English Ballad, by Miss Green, scotch Duets by the
Misses Stuart, and other vocal and Instrumental music of the
highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic
portion of the entertainment is supported by Messrs. M. P.
Foster (in his " Life Sketches"), Sam Collins, Harvey, and
French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Sall,
sixpence; Balcony and Stalls. one shilling. Private Boxes,
109. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
FKt DAY.—Morning, 7h. 20m.—Afternoon, 7h. 50m.
To-moaßovr.-Morning, Bh. Wm.—Afternoon. Oh. 10m.

---
THE WEATHER.—Strx Orrlcz, AVGIIST 14, 1661.
TITEMONETEI3,, IN THE SHAME.
73—highest since noon. yesterday.
62—lowest this lamming and during the night.
75—this day at noon.
Ba.nomwrza-30.10.
WIND—S.-Westerly—light; with fine harvest weather.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1861.

Once more the Hungarians have nobly done their
work. They are engaged in a battle of the pen, it
is true ; but it is a battle which they would most
assuredly be as willing to fight with their swords,
were that the surer way to success, and had not
their perfidious and timid oppressor taken the same
precautions as the Philistines did of old with the
children of Israel. But the time is not lost. Hun-
gary appeals, in fact, to the public opinion of
Europe ; the favourable verdict of that opinion can
be gained only by such a persistent appeal as shall
compel all who attend to European politics at all
to understand clearly the points at issue between
Hungary and the German Camarilla, which advises
the EMPEROR, and is so doggedly plotting against
the liberties of his kingdom. These selfish and
ambitious men see plainly enough that their
Monarch might be a greater and stronger Prince
than he now is, by ruling over a contented and loyal
Hungary, and also over his other domains. But
great would be the fall of SCHMERLING and REM-
BERG. They would be Ministers immediately but
of the Archduchy and the States which consented
to cast in their lot with it. A responsible
Hungarian Ministry would strengthen their
master's crown, but it would kick the Ger-
man intermeddlers out of the comparatively huge
kingdom which they endeavour in their military
mortar to pound and grind into one with their own
slice of Germany. This must be the reason which
makes German Ministers even more dogged in their
antagonism to Hungarian rights, than very probable
testimony reports of the Hapsburg himself. Even
half-witted imperial despots have moments, per-
haps hours, of rational perceptions ; and when
FRANCIS JosEnt's mind happens to be lucid
and reflective, he must feel that he is no gainer by
being cheated out of a willing and loyal kingdom,
and being presented by his Ministers in return with
one kept down only by illegal violence; and one cer-
tain to be more formidable than any invading army,
should such a very possible calamity befal him.
The Emperor of AUSTRIA and King of HUNGARY
" every inducement to prefer the certain result
of legal government in Hungary to the more than
doubtful hazard of attempts to convert Hungary
into :a province. Nothing could he do more for his
own :advantage
than to summon M. BEAK to his
councils as his responsible adviser on Hungarian
questions. We shall see immediately that this is
not mere assertion.

am, gr tele
We ri'cently received, by the infor-
mation that the Lower House had voted M. DEAK'S
, on
reply unanimously ; soon after that, the
proposition of one of their number, the Hun-
garian House of Lords had voted it by
ar.clamation ! We have now received from an
eye-witness an account of the manner in which
M. DEA K, and his address to the EMPEROR in
re oly to the Viennese rescript was received by
the Lower House. The whole thing is probably
uni:gue in the history of constitutionalism, but it
is worthy of the best days of English Parlia-
me ats in their struggles for constitutional
rig:ats ; of course the Magyar is a more
excitable being than the Englishman, but
he has also much of our political strong
smite, and of our love for maintaining constitutional
rights and introducing reforms by legal means only.
The EMPEROR'S Rescript was a pamphlet, and as
replies must occupy more space than the false
state ments answered, M. DEAK'S paper was so long
that it took two hours and a half to read over
rapieLly, Yet throughout, the attention was closely
sustained, and cheers were the only interruption.
Seven-eigths of it were a careful and minute
refutation of the Rescript. It was an uncompro-
mising assertion, accompanied by full evidence, of
the Rights of Hungary. When he sat down the
hole chamber rose to its feet, shouting its " El-
1-Es friends crowded round to congratulate
him. Sturdy middle age and grily hairs seemed to
vie in applause. There was no difference of opinion
hut on the °'_d question of form, but this was cor-
dially conceded on
account of the universal admi-
ration of the contents.

Then followed °remarkable scone • certain forms
bad to be gone through before'
it was the legal act
of the f)ict. It was common to wait, for instance,
till a document is printed ei, • it .
ore Is adopted—it
was, however,
adopted at once. Thtn a protccol
has to be tirawn
up, usually tnking" somo time,
but as it was quite legal to draw it up at once,
the President sums, .ested that tiths should be done.
In half an hour the k lecretaries v orking full speed

got through their task. The Hungarian Bill of

Rights was put in that legal form, which to Hun-
, garians seems so important. But why all this haste,
immediately after the readingof so long a document?
Vienna is not far from Pesth—in instantaneous con-
nection by telegraph—and every one feared that
the German. Ministers would, by telegraph, order a
dissolution of the Diet, and enforce it by its
foreign—German—soldiers. Pointing to some
Austrian troops as they were walking home after
the completion of the business, a friend observed to
the correspondent, " Those are the gentlemen whose
interference we apprehended, but we have
done what we wanted, and now they may come and
do what they like." After these facts, we ask,
what monarch with the slightest tincture of con-
stitutional knowledge would hesitate for a moment
to call to his councils the leader of the house—the
man whose combined moderation and firmness and
great ability unites all parties in the Diet ? While
unassailed from without, the Germans may occupy
and coerce Hungary—govern the nation they can-
not. We need not discuss whether amalgamating
the higher departments of Government be theoreti-
cally best or not; it is impracticable when
a nation, as large as the Southern States of
America, and with a separate constitutional his-
tory of a thousand years, refuses to be amalga-
mated. The Hungarians, in their generosity, are
willing to be loyal to a King who has little claim '
indeed to their loyalty,
but they insist, as the in-
dispensable condition, that he should be loyal to
their Rights. So stands now this noble quarrel
of a noble nation, with a herd of selfish Germans,
who use a weak prince of a despotic dynasty as the
tool of their crabbed ambition.
We have but to notice an egregious, though
doubtless unintentional, misrepresentation promul-
gated yesterday by a contemporary. The Diet
appointed a committee to meet the wishes of the
numerous small territories and populations well
known as the partes annexe ; they are of several
races, Slavonians, Roumans, Germans, Servians,
Ruthenians,
&c., and have long been annexed to
the Husgarian Crown, sharing under it the advan-
tages of constitutional government. All will remem-
ber that in 1848 the Austrian, that is the German,
Ministers secretly bribed the savage JELLACHICH
of Croatia, and others of these territories, to invade
Hungary, while they openly denounced them for I
doing it as traitors. After the Russian intervention
the Croatians and the rest, instead of the liberty
promised them, found themselves, to their utter
disgust, deprived of the constitutional liberty they
had before enjoyed together with Hungary, and all
merged in one common despotism. naturally
existed for some time between the Magyars, and
the ungrateful Croats who had been deluded into
treachery; ten years of Austrian despotism, however,
reunited them in one feeling of hatred of Austria
and desire for their old constitutional liberty. Now,
our contemporary represents these petty races as
standing in the same relation to Hungary as all the
other parts of the Austtian Empire to the Archduchy,
and the Diet as endeavouring to do the very thing
in regard to them, which it resists on the part of
Austria in regard to itself.
The resemblance is apparent only. Setting aside
the prodigious difference of population—the Aus-
trians wanting to amalgamate the larger and freer
with their smaller and more servile population—
the relation itself is quite different. The Emperor of
AUSTRIA first received these petty territories, as
parts of the Kingdom of Hungary. They had been
parts of it for ages. Hence they had a long his-
torical connection with the vastly greater Kingdom
of Hungary, and had been represented in its Diet.
The Hungarian committee, therefore, was endea-
vouring to perfect the liberties of an old
historical connection; the Germans at Vienna are
straining law and power to subvert the same
in regard to Hungary. A pretty broad difference
surely. We need not go far for the evidence.
Amongst the Austro-German devices to delude the
Hungarians in 1848 was a .Royal proclamation,
dated Innspruck, 10th of June, remonstrating with
Croatians and Slavonians (whom they were bribing
to attack Hungary), and this document re-
minds them, amongst other things, that for
" eight centuries they had been united to the
crown of Hungary and shared its fortunes; that
they had enjoyed constitutional freedom through
the Union : that they had shared in all the rights
and liberties of the Hungarian constitution, with
, " equality of rights, and the abolition (in 1848) of
feudal servitude in common with the rest of Hun-
gary ; and that (alluding principally to Russia)
they were the only Slavonians enjoying such
liberty !" These were of course truths. But how
great the mistake then committed by our contem-
porary. We must, of course defer till to-morrow
our notice of the eloquent address of M. DEAR',
which will be found in our columns to-day.

The principle of "Passive Resistance" is still
winning its way in Poland, as steadily and as
surely as the principle of Non-Intervention is
working out the Destinies of Italy.
The national anniversary, we now read through
the telegrams, has passed off at Warsaw—may
we not say triumphantly ? It was observed far
and wide as a general holiday. The shops were
for the most part closed. The churches were,
without exception, thronged. At nightfall the
city was illuminated from its centre to its cir-
cumference. The people, there, are looking for-
ward with confident expectation to the time
when (as they hope very speedily), Poland shall
again be endowed with a National Government.
And all this while the Imperial power of the
CzAR is grimly upon the alert—prepared, whenever
the opportunity for harsh measures may arise,
to trample down the reviving aspirations of the
Polish multitude under the tread of armed hosts.
Several of the
quarters of Warsaw were
(during the festivities of the national fete)
thronged with the Muscovite soldiery, horse, foot,
and artillery. Blood has been poured forth there
already in the streets of Warsaw within this pre-
sent year of grace—an& may be yet again. The
wounds inflicted upon Warsaw are even now barely
staunched. Thecritical position of things, there, may
again bring about a collision between the merce-
naries of the Autocrat and the unarmed and un.
aggressive Polish population. The only human
security there is against this, being the resolute
determination with which the inhabitants of the
City of Warsaw still cling wisely
to the saving
principle of Passive Resistance.
Wherever the military fury of Russia has been
kindled against the Poles—as was the case when it
broke into a flame a few months since at Warsaw
—there seems but small security however against
outrage even in that screening principle of Passive
Resistance.

A lamentable instance of this has recently come
to the knowledge of Europe in the chief town of
the Government of Plock, called Miawa. There,
as formerly at Warsaw, the offence of the Poles.
consisted in their Prayers and Hymns for the
nationality. And certainly in detesting and op-
posing as something formidable a choral song of
the people, the Russian Government may be
allowed to be simply actuated by a profound
sense of the truth latent in the memorable
axiom of FLETCHER of Saltoun—that anybody

else might make the laws, if he might be per-
mitted to write the Ballads of a Nation. The

fate of the oldest and grandest monarchies as
we all know has often and often gone
(with a peculiar significance in these familair
words)
.for a song. More terrible to the ex-
piring power of the BOURBONS than even the for-
midable opposition of MIRABEAU, more fatal as the
tocsin of the Revolution than the sound of his
thundrous eloquence, was—history proves it, history
relates it—the choral chaunt of the Ilarseillaise.
The hymn composed and written by ROUGET DE
LISLE was literally to the ancient Government of
France as the trumpet of the Israelites to the walls
of Jericho. For years and years in our own history
much was effected by the once famous refrain of
Lillibullero. How long did not the Jacobite Ballads
keep alive the old spirit of Jacobinism in Scotland,
and in various parts of England. KORNER'S im-
mortal ode to his Sword did more for the patriotic
ardour of Germany than all the efforts of all the
Governments of the old Fatherland. It were,
however, unnecessary further to multiply instances
of the power yielded by song over the hearts of
the people in any country. The annals of the
human race attest the fact upon all hands. The
Russian Autocrat and his Government appear to
be painfully alive to it. Hence the outrages that
occurred not long since at Warsaw. Hence the
miserable incidents that have recently agitated the
chief town of Plock, the provincial town of Mlawa.
" The inhabitants of Mlawa," we read, " chiefly
composed of mechanics and agricultural labourers,
had, since the Warsaw massacres, been in the
habit of praying to GOD that their country might
be delivered from its misfortunes. These prayers
were read, not only in their churches, but also
in their homes and in the fields at their
work." In consequence of representations which
were, therefore, made to the authorities, "Two com-
panies were accordingly sent to the town; but in
spite of this the prayers and hymns continued, and
they were not opposed by the soldiers. Things
went on in this way during the month of May. In
June the people began to occupy their leisure hours
with singing GOD save Poland,' and other hymns,
daily before a figure in the cemetery of the
parish church. Two more companies were now sent
for." Here is one of the incidents that a brief
while afterwards occurred :—" On the 24th July the
people had assembled in the cemetery as usual
when suddenly the soldiers made their appearance
and surrounded them. They continued their hymns
however, and when they had done turned to leave
the cemetery. In their way stood Lieutenant-
Colonel Runowski, a beadle, and a drummer. The
beadle called upon them to disperse in the name of
the law. The people laughed at this as they were
already dispersing. The drummer then entered
the cemetery and began to beat his drum. This
raised the indignation of the crowd ; they forced
him to leave the sacred precincts, and declared
they would not disperse until the troops were re-
moved. Meanwhile the news had spread through
the town, and crowds, among whom were numbers
Jews, collected in the market-place, where the
church is, to defend their fellow-citizens. The
commandant, seeing that he was surrounded, or-
dered his men to march away, and assured the
crowd on his word of honour that he would not
oppose their singing their hymns so long as they
did so in the church. The people upon this quietly
dispersed." Nevertheless, after this all kinds of
wanton outrages were perpetrated by the military
upon the inhabitants. Sacrileges were com-
mitted in the churches. One inhabitant, a poor
tailor, was robbed and shot at, but " fortunately
missed," we read, by his assailant—another, a poor
bootmaker, has been flogged, and is still kept a
prisoner. All this for—what ? Conspiracies ?
Mustering in arms ? Incendiary speaking or in-
flammatory writing ? No—but for Prayers uttered
in the Church of GOD ! For Hymns chaunted by
the people in their cemetries. Such, in effect, is
the brutal retaliation of the military power of the
Autocrat—provoked against the Polish multitude
by the very meekness of its Passive Resistance !

Never has the appeal been more to the pen
than in the last few years. The master of half-
a-million of soldiers, and the struggling nationali-
ties, are alike pleading at the bar of European
opinion. The Emperor of the FRENCH employs
pamphlets and letters, the Moniteur and the Con-
stitutionnel. The Hungarians publish their
addresses to the Emperor of AUSTRIA, and Italy
sends round circulars to her diplomatic agents—
a course adopted also by most of the civilised
Powers, even contemptuously silent Austria being
obliged to follow the fashion.

From Italy, while CIALDINI is busy in the
South suppressing the Royalist brigandage,
nourished from Rome as its headquarters, RICA.
sou writes to the European public by the last-
mentioned method, and places before it Italy as
she is. He wishes general attention to be called
to the unity of Italian action, to the continuation
of CAVOUR'S policy, and to the determination to
secure complete unity. One thing is undoubtedly
remarkable. Louis NAPOLEON can appreciate it
well. There is not, in a house of the most
freely-elected representatives, a Legitimist party.
That not one merely but a whole batch of heredi-
tary Sovereigns should have been expelled, that
from each of their former dominions a fair propor-
tion of deputies should have been sent, and that not
so much as one Lord NORMANBY can be found
among them, is surely a mast remarkable fact.
What would the Bonapartists of France not give
could they point to a similar fact there?
The laws enacted by the Chamber have been
passed with wonderful unanimity. The Opposition
has been distinguished from the majority, not by
absolute disapproval of the course taken by the
majority, but because it wanted to go further and
faster in the same course. A very natural, we might
say justifiable thing, in the more ardent minds while
one Government, and that a proposed benefactor,
withholds its capital from Italy; while ano-
ther, an avowed enemy, crushes one of its
most important provinces. The plebiscite of the
people of the different uniting provinces confer-
ring the crown on VICTOR EMMANUEL has been
solemnly confirmed by the representatives of the
hplaepeople.ebn et e
npT
ahei eah
el
eta
lowf
us t
yepassed, relating
ar ses
French
t o a
Emperorn arming ming h a
n
anationdcvoim.
c e
which the more it is followed the. more it
will make Italy independent even of him. "The
Italians have not forgotten the solemn words which
our august and generous ally addressed to them on
touching the soil of liberated Lombardy--' Be all
soldiers to-day, that you may to-morrow be the free
citizens of a great nation.' For military service
forms citizens to temperance and 4isciPline ; gives
them the consciousness of their own dignity and
n strength,anl y and
and
renders
austere
vrtthuee nsi
wfamilia
r a r we int
el l a c
eslsl a r
ythoset o
Thetnhaetoexercise
debt andhas pb re eesne ruvna
fii o3nd ofa n liberty." d
the
subscrip-
tions to the loan largely exceed the amount re
quired.
A broad and national view has also directed
the encouragement of public works. " The Par-
liament has provided for the development of
the economic resources of tho country by giving its

sanction to the bills presented by the Ministry of
Public Works .relative to the prompt execution of

a vast network of railways. To promote among all
classes of society, by the stimulant of labour, wealth,
and public morality ; to excite the augmentation of
national capital by the powerful co-operation of
foreign capital ; to remove the obstacles which
distance and the configuration of the Peninsula
oppose to the rapid fraternisation of all the in-
habitants—such are the results which the Govern-
ment hopes to be able to obtain in a short time by
the energetic impulsion given to public works."
And this is not mere general representation or
promise, the leading particulars are also given :
"It will be sufficient to say that in addition to
the works of the arsenal of La Spezzia, 2,700
kilometres of railway (the kilometre is 8 of a
mile) have been conceded; that they are to be com-
pleted in from a year and a half to eight years ; and
that the execution of them will cost about
750,000,000 lire, of which about 290,000,000 lire
are to be supplied by the Government, in addition
to the guarantee accorded by the contract?'
Glancing back at the whole the Baron feels as-
sured that Europe will soon recognise the full
right of Italy to both Venice and Rome. And
will not hesitate to confide to Italian keeping the
head of that Church which now always look to
Italy for her Supreme Bishop. He regards the
recognition of Europe, and its effect as an almost
accomplished fact. " Yes (he exclaims) Italy is
created, although part of Italy is still under the
power of the foreigner, for we are certain that Europe,
seeing us well organised, well armed, and strong,will
be convinced of our right to possess altogether our
territory, and will find a guarantee of repose
and peace by favouring the restoration of the part
which is wanting to us; for we are convinced that
Europe, in learning to know us better, will become
persuaded that we, a people essentially Catholic,
understand better than any other the true interests
of the Church when we ask her to divest herself of
the feudal rights which a barbarous age gave her,
and which are incompatible with civilisation, offer-
ing her in exchange independence and full and
entire liberty in the exercise of her holy ministry,
and the gratitude and respect of a regenerated
nation."

The die is, however, cast, for his conclusion is
that " Italy must be completed, and no sacrifice for
that end will appear too great for Italians."

LAI EST NEWS.

PARIS, AUG. 14.

The Moniteur of this morning gives an account
of the inauguration of the Boulevard de Males-
herbes yesterday, and says :
" The Emperor, replying to M. Haussmann, 'ex-
pressed his satisfaction with the embellishments of
the capital. His Majesty said,—
" Certain interests necessarily suffer by the
execution of great works. It is the duty of the
public administration to have as much regard for
these interests as possible—to infuse activity into
labour—to protect the less favoured classes, and to
oppose au increase in the price of articles of the
first necessity.'
"The Emperor also said,—
"'Since the treaty of commerce the exportation
of articles of Paris has nearly doubled.
" The Emperor recommended the Municipality
to reduce, as much as the local finances would per-
mit, the town dues on goods of the first neces
sity.' "

The hloniteur also publishes the following nomi-
nations to the post of Envoy Extraordinary :
" M. Benedetti to Italy, M. Reculot to Bavaria,
and M. Damremont to Wurtemberg."
Numerous promotions in the Marine are like-
wise announced in the Moniteur.

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 7.
The fall of the Minister of Finance is expected
very shortly.
A change has been ordered in the uniform of the
military officers.
Important army reforms are in progress.
The arrears of the garrison of the capital are
about to be paid in Kaim6s.

A commission has been named to reconsider the
scheme for a general Kaime circulation.
Omar Pasha has been ordered to act against
Montenegro. _ _

VIENNA, AUG. 13.

The Emperor will receive the Presidents of both
Houses of the Hungarian Diet at two o'clock to-
morrow (Wednesday).

PESTH, AUG. 13, EVENING.

The Pesther Lloyd is printed to-day on only one
half-sheet. As an excuse for this it states that a
strike of the printers at all the typographic esta-
blishments had taken place.

THORN, AUG. 13.

The national fete was celebrated at Warsaw
yesterday, notwithstanding the prohibition of the
authorit ics.

The Bourse and all the counting-houses and shops
were closed.

The churches were filled by large congregations.
In the evening the city was illuminated.
An imposing military force, with artillery, was
stationed in the streets.
Some arrests have taken place.

CRACOW, AUG. 13.
Popular feeling at Warsaw is very much excited.
The people hope that a national Polish Govern-
ment will soon be established.

A newspaper under the title of the Thare has
for some time past been secretly circulating in

Warsaw.

A circular has been recently distributed, warn-
ing the Judges not to yield to the influence of the
GovernmeLt in trying the persons arrested during
the late disturbances at Modlin.

AMERICA.

LONDONDERRY, AUG, 13.
The Montreal Ocean Company's steamer North
American has arrived here, and brings £30,800
sterling in specie.
She passed the steamers Anglo-Saxon, United
Kingdom, and Bohemian.
The Norwegian, which left Londonderry on the
19th ult., passed Father Point on the evening of the
3d inst. On the 29th ult., during a thick fog, she
struck on the Reef Rocks, 36 miles south-east of the
north point of Anticosti.

The Norwegian threw a large portion of her cargo
overboard, and was afloat aft all the time. On the
2d of August the passengers were put on board the
United Kingdom, and the same night the Norwegian
came off undamaged and proceeded on her voyage.
The mails were put on board a schooner on the
31st ult., but, owing to light head winds, had not
on the 3d inst. arrived at Quebec.

The United Kingdom was expected at Father
Point on the 3d inst. .

(BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT AND VIA
LONDONDERRY.)
NEW YORK, AUG. 3.
The war news is unimportant.
Congress has passed the Tariff and Direct Tax
Bills, the latter for the sum of 20,000,000 dole.

Bills have also been passed levying a duty of
15c. on tea, 4c. on coffee, 2c. on sugar, and a tax of
3 per cent. on incomes above B'lo dols.

A bill ordering the confiscation of property used
for insurrectionary purposes has likewise been
passed.

The Fulton has arrived out.
QUEBEC, AuQ. 3.
The Canadian crops are reported to be satis-
factory.