The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-05 00:00:00

liribune; our journals; haVe. constantly. supported
Italy, even befOre 1848." Lord .ut PAER,KoN's
opiniois are largely referred to, The noble lord
'has not by any means gone. beyond the public
opinion of his countrymen, but he has cer-
tainly not " advocated anything approximating
to an infraction of existing treaties. •. The
people' Might jUdge for themselves. : Their
will should -be respected, and the Governments
de facto ivlich they had established duly recog-
nised. -
- This .is the true principle, but has it been
adopted by LOUIS NAPOI,E01•1 ? Was it not,
on the -contrary, to maintain, by the aid
of foreign bayonets,. a -.oo;Ternment distasteful to
the great body of th& nation, that he occupied
Rome with French troops, and. trampled out the
sparks of freedom which the French military had
perpetrated.

As to AUstria, it is only to compel a satisfactory
arrangement of the Italian question that she is
bullied. The following quotation will show the
policy put forward, so far as she is concerned. It
is to the following effect :—" We have no
hostility to Austria. The question of Italy is
the only difficulty which can exist between her
and France. We respect its situation in Ger-
many, which has nothing to, fear from us
on the Rhine. The solution of the Italian
question would have for result to efface between
France and Austria all subject of dissension. These
two powers can approach each other by many com-
mon interests, and the union of all the great
governments of Europe is not too much to prevent
future complications. It is in order to combine
their views and efforts in a general interest that
we would remove all present difficulties, and
resolve one of the most urgent and most consider-
able questions of the day."

The establishment of an Italian Confederacy,
under the Presidency of the P. is rather too
rich. It is, however, one of, if not the leading
idea of the document. It might be supposed that
an ultra-Mantanist might put forward such an idea
—but how any man of ordinary knowledge could
endeavour to promote sacerdotal government,
we are at a loss to understand. It might
be with the notion of a speedy collapse from whence
there might be good picking. The Imperial author
tells us that—" To govern is to foresee. The best
manner of securing peace is to outstrip complications
capable of producing war. There are dangers in
Italy—we indicate them ; on this side there are
guarantees to give to fundamental interests--we
demand them. There are causes which cannot
succumb in the world ; this is of the number, be-
cause it is neither selfish nor exclusive. It is the
cause of the nationality of a living people, of the
equilibrium of Europe, and perhaps of the inde-
pendence of the Papacy, which France has always
defended." These are the views chiefly indicated,
and it is for the British People to say how far
they are worthy of approval and support.

Again, within a comparatively brief period, the
attention of the English people is directed with
startling abruptness to the condition of the central
and southern States of America. It was only
very recently that the gallant Rear-Admiral of the
Fleet,the illustrious Earl of DUNDONALD, vividly
recalled to popular recollection the incidents mark-
ing the rise of the political independence of Chili,
Peru, and Brazil, and illustrating painfully enough,
in the treatment of himself, their chief liberator,
their own miserable degeneracy. The Speech from
the Throne, upon the opening of the present Ses-
sion of Parliament, contains a remarkable para-
graph, furnishing a very curious corollary to the
facts placed on record in this fragment of Lord
D UNDONALD'S historic autobiography. " The
state of the Republic of Mexico," said the silvery
voice of VICTORIA to the Lords and Commons of
England in Parliament assembled—" the state of
the Republic of Mexico, distracted by civil war,
has induced me to carry forbearance to its utmost
Limits in regard to wrongs and indignities to which
British residents have been subjected at the hands
of the WO contending parties." But her MAJESTY
thereupon added these words, full of formidable
significance to the Mexicans—" They have at
length been carried to such an extent that
I have been compelled to give instructions to
the commander of my naval forces in those
seas to demand, and, if necessary, to enforce,
due reparation." It is certainly time that
such a course should have been adventured upon—
a course alone befitting the dignity of this empire,
if merely for the vindication of the outraged •rights
of its citizens sojourning in that southern portion
of the North American continent. For there, in the
Mexican Republic, British subjects have been pil-
laged, imprisoned, constrained to make pecuniary
contributions to whichever side chanced to be
uppermost among the anarchists—they have been
forcibly driven at times from the capital, and
have even, upon some occasions, been menaced with
the punishment of death. During the pro.
gress of these outrages not a single English cruiser
has appeared in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico
—whereas the war-vessels of the French empire
and of the Republic of the United States have ap-
peared at frequent intervals in the ports of Mexico
to watch over the interests respectively of the free
citizens of America and of the subjects of NAPO-
LEON. Happily the royal instructions to the com

mander of the naval forces of England in those
seas have now actually been transmitted,
as the QUEEN'S Spdech intimates explicitly
in so many words, "to demand, and, if necessary,

to enforce, due reparation."
The future in store for Mexico is certainly suffi-
ciently obvious. That degenerate Republic is
internally torn to pieces by intestine contentions.
It is more than simply threatened with absorption
into the territories of the United States. California
has been already rent from its possession. The
boundary of its dominion has within the last twelve
years been very considerably contracted. And now,
at last, appear, along the shores of that turbulent

and distracted country, the war ships of the most
Powerful maritime empire on the globe. English
men-of-war will appear in the ports of Mexico
without any view to naval or territorial aggrandise-
ment. But conquest is the perpetual aspiration
of the neighbouring democracy. Applying here the
famous phrase of M. DE LAMARTINE, in reference.
to Russia, we might say with perfect truth, the
slope of the United States is to the south.
Weakened within, threatened without, Mexico must
inevitably succumb. It must fall as though in
obedience to the simple force of the principle of
Its whole history since its first rise
gravitation.
nearly half a century ago, has
pointed almost
;man Republic,
uninterruptedly in the one direc-
now

tion. The revolutionary movement of the Mexi•

cans, beginning in 1810, took its rise by an accident
of evil omen at—Dolores. The distinguished head

of the independent party, MORELOS, within five
years afterwards—namely,in the November 181 of a—
was taken captive by the Spaniards, and summarily
executed. A guerilla warfare continued, there
upon, year after year in the provinces, until at last,

in 1820, there was established in the mother coun-
try the marvel of a Constitutional Government.

Thereupon APODACA, the Viceroy in Mexico, affect-
.

to yield to the new scheme of organization, in
reality secretly endeavoured to secure its eventual