The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-09 00:00:00

MARYPORT AND CARLISLE.

The directors of this company intend to recom-
mend to the shareholders a dividend for the last
half year at the rate of 7 per cent. per annum.

HULL AND SELBY.

The report of the directors states that the accounts
for the past half-year show a balance of £32,266 in
favour of the company, out of which they recom-
mend the payment of a dividend of £2 9s. 6d. per
whole or £5O share ; of £1 4s. 9d. per
half or £25 share; and of 12s. 43-d. per
quarter or £l2 10s per share (less the income-tax
deducted by the lessees), payable on or after
the 30th inst. Several important measures
submitted to Parliament during the present session
have required the attention and care of the board
in protection of the interests of the company. The
directors have the satisfaction of reporting that the
suggestions of their counsel for amendments in
eventuallyseveralp o
sed
on
n be
o f thechoan billslsfe on ft etd hwereitso companyand receivedad opbtey were,
bhiyne
tphr
eo m
ju substance,oe taei rs
of them, and discussed in a conciliatory spirit, and
d
in such bills as have passed the amendments pro-
lature.

PNEUMATIC DESPATCH COMPANY.
The report of the directors of this company states
that extended experiments have estab:ished to the
satisfaction of the engineers of the company the
prepared for the line freo
theefficiencyn nm pa on fy t. hrre
hsey
isatsetm p
Bloomsbury, tube, end
for the adoption of
aprsoevtionfgapthpearcaotnuls..
ebrimentshavebeen carried
on with a portion of thextp
iednneral Post-office to
plete sufficiency of the disc arrangement for pro-
ducing the power, as well as in showing that the
power may be conveniently and economically ap-
plied. The directors, therefore, now that the trial of
the full sized tube has shown the efficiency of the
plan, have at once placed themselves in communica-
tion with the Post-office, the railway companies and
a_ limited scale,
. will ap-
other parties,awndithhaaveviremewsutloteedaGn arrangements for the
immediate construction of the first section of their
works. The directors hope that the original plan of
commencing the works from the Post-office to
Bloomsbury, and thence to the London and North
Western Railway, will be carried out, but they are
preliminary anxious before committing the company to any
serious outlay, and to the precise line of their first
operations, to obtain a guarantee, or such arranr,e,
ments for traffic, as will secure even this first see
tion being remunerative. Theextension of the works-'
must speedily follow, but the shareholders -4--"°11,
fully confirmed the anti
pbpoerrfeotcri
eatthetahtthe the
the
etjeenctdrt theextended
dl
expendituree
experiments
directors
ob-
taining practical experience uponview of
in periments which have
to comprise the entire parcel. dstealitveer
icnacrurrireedd
out.
h
the company's engineers, fuel' and 1 Clark,
bbeeenyinciftlhnrii
tiofndthtehetutbraen . public and private, have
anticipation expressed in their
report upon the prer •
scale at the Soho Works, near:Birmingham. Single
carriages, and trains of carriages, of weight vary-
ing from one t
plyorrerfrom
to three tons, have been successfully
passed through the
tube or portions of the tube, at
speeds varying from 15 t'o 40 miles an h •under
pressures ,
trials on a smaller
pressures ranting
inch between 1 oz. and Gcz. per squsre
only ; and these experitneut3 have: I,a,:ii io
peated from day to day with uniform results. Th -;
end to end
instantaneous, the
buffing and delivery of the trains to he. 1 per_
feet control, and, generally the combination to
sess an elasticity in its working which is
allto pos-
h is that
could be desired. As regards economy of power
they have no doubt it will be found that a fair
Percentage of useful effect is
obtained, while in
respect to the much more • important considera-
tion, convenient application
tsomibsesioanpopfartehnet
of power, the advan-
tages of the medium employed are too obvious to
need remark. On the whole, they are fully satis-
fied with the results obtained, and are convinced
that the company possesses the new system in
means of transmission which, from the great
facilities it affords, must soon come into extended
practical use.

The supposition which forced itself so strongly
on our minds—that General SCOTT had been forced
to fight against his own judgment—seems to be the
exact truth. Unless the distinct assertions of a
member of Congress, as to the words of an actual
conversation, are to be wholly disbelieved, there can
indeed be no doubt on the subject. It was asserted
in debate that General SCOTT had thus yielded,
when Mr. RICHARDSON stated in express terms
that he, with two of his colleagues, whom he named,
were present with the President, the Secretary of
War, and General SCOTT. That the General said
in conversation, "I am the biggest coward on earth"
—Mr. RICHARDSON rose from his seat—" Stay,"
said the General, " I will prove it. I have fought
the battle against my judgment, and I think the
President ought to remove me to day for doing it."
In the course of further conversation, he ad-
hered to the same statement. He appealed
to GOD that he had done all in his
power to make the army efficient ; but
thought he deserved removal, " because he did
not stand up when he could, but did not." The
old General did not, on the other hand, release the
President from the implied charge of having
forced him to fight ; for it appears the President
said to him—" Your conversation implies, Gene-
ral SCOTT, that I forced you to battle. " When,
instead of replying that he did not, the General
only observed, "I have never served under a
President who has been kinder to me than you
have been." We think it can hardly now be
doubted what was the fact ; but again, the
President himself would appear to have yielded
to the clamour of the Northern public in thus
tampering with tho judgment of his responsible
commander; and Mr. RICHARDSON, who told
Congress of the conversation, told them also, that
he had known the President from his boyhood,
knew him to be an honest man if let alone, but
feared he had not " firmness to stani up against
the politicians around him."

Happily the later accounts all point to a com-
paratively small loss of life. The Confederates
now say that their loss in killed and wounded did
not exceed sixty
; that their force little exceeded
3,500, while that of their opponents was between
5,000 and 10,000, and this is an official account
sent to New Orleans. 0a the other hand, Presi-
dent DAVIS, writing on the evening
of the battle
to the Congress at Richmond, states his own force
at 15,000, that of the enemy at 35,000. The Fede-
ralists have reduced their numbers in like propor-
tion ; the total loss of their army in killed is now
set down at 150. The " missing" have come in in very
great numbers. The country afforded abundant
temporary shelter for fugitives, and great numbers
appear to have thought preserving their lives the
best patriotism ; they could be used, and taken
care of again too, in the service of their country.
Yankees are as wise as they are brave. Their best
estimates of the number brought into action, or
into the field, is about the same as that of President
Davis.

We have some account also of the reasons for
for what seemed the almost treacherous conduct
of General PATTERsON. General JOHNSTONE'S
corps, whom he had defeated not far from Harper's
Ferry, was present at the battle, while PATTERSON
himself, instead of following him up and holding
him in check, had fallen back on that place. He
says that JOUNSTONE had received such large re-
inforcements as considerably to outnumber him,
while nineteen regiments of his three months' men
had, with four exceptions, all determined to leave.
So far, therefore, from being able to prevent JOHN-
wroNE from co-operating with BEAUREGARD,
he had to look to his own safety. The " three
months' ra„,, appear to have returned home by
wholesale. It is said that their want of firmness
did a
great part of the mischief at Bull's Run.
It is not itnpossible that the generals might
wish to u3a
them while they had them,
hut that they thought it rather hard,
having had so easy a ti
me of it for three months, to
be tra.ted like so many ijit
lalls at the very end of
their time.

The .question—what to do with slaves—creates
some cTiffleulty in Congress. it is easy to see that
the mornbers are still afraid of it, A compromise
resolutic )n that the war was to terminate with the
reatorati on of the Federal Government, each
State

What a pity it seems that all his dominions can
furnish him no CAVOUR. To every looker on the
facts of the case admit of no dispute. Hungary asks
nothing but simple legality. The SCHMERLING
camarilla reply by notoriously illegal assertions
and requisitions. Now it ought to be, and might
be, the easiest of tasks for Statesmen to govern a
people, who are heartily and from long custom
devotedly attached to law. Granting as they do
that some of the laws of 1848 require revision,
they are assuredly right in insisting that the re-
vision shall be made constitutionally and legally,
not by illegal edicts prepared by a German bureau,
and signed by an Emperor of AUSTRIA, who is not
yet fully and legally King of HUNGARY. True their
constitutional rights separate Hungary to a con-
siderable extent from the rest of the Empire; but so
are some of the other provinces separated—for only
German Austria can be a member of the German
Bund. But what these mischievous theorising Ger-
mans, in their zeal to enslave to themselves a poli-
tically nobler race, fail to perceive is, that Hungary
can be a source of strength to the Austrian EM-
PEROR only by treating her loyally. She has ever
been too ready to pour forth blood and money for
the honour and safety of her worthless Kings;
and if any King of HUNGARY now were but
heartily to accept the position he would find no
kind of difficuly in obtaining Hungarian aid for any
•
purpose which ought to secure it.
On one point alone the Hungarians would
probably be firm. They would not aid in the
occupation of Venetia. Their constitution, and
their solemn agreements with their Hapsburg
Kings, guarantee to them that their soil shall
not be violated, as it now is, by hated foreign
troops; they also guarantee that Hungarian sol-
diers shall not be employed in foreign service
without the consent of Hungary. This law alsa
is now in abeyance—Hungary must, and will,
be firm till it secures respect for these
essential guarantees of freedom ; but, when
it has secured them, nothing is more
certain than that this people, ever too confiding,
would be but too ready to lend their whole sup-
port to maintaining the greatness of a King worthy
of the name. The grand mistake of old routine
diplomatists, like Lords PALMERSTON and RUSSELL,
is that of confounding a strong Austria with a
legally amalgamated Austria. As a fact, Austria
is incapable of amalgamation. 11;gliminded, free
Hungarian nobles and people can never amalgamate
with the political serfs and theorising Bureaucrats
of the Archduchy. But, as independent subjects of
the same Crown, they would be faithful to it, and
Austria might be again a Power through her sub-
jects loving their Government and thinking it
worth defending. On the contrary, the victory of
Vienna over Pesth will be the weakness of
Austria.

It is positively refreshing to read Mr. BERNAL
OSBORNE'S speech to his Liskeard Constituency.
A speech it is, no doubt, about everything in general
and nothing in particular. But it is one neverthe-
less which will be perused at once and by all with
no less profit than amusement. As to the entertaining
character of any remarks there may fall at any time
from the lips of the hon. member, that everyone
takes to be sure just as a matter of course. It would
be difficult we cannot but think for the member for
Liskeard to be dull even if he ambitioned to be so. It
may be recollected that when he was in office as
ISecretary to the Admiralty he evidenced his own con-
sciousness of something like this by what we may
call an instinctive recognition of the alternative
before him as a subordinate in an Administration.
Either—he recognized it at once himself—either he
must hold his tongue altogether, or if he spoke at all
he must infallibly have spoken out. Therefore
almost as a matter of necessity he observed--
Silence ! Whether or not he may have had the dis.
creet advice of Prince TALLEYRAND echoedtsoThoiNm,s,
as a timely whisper from Lord PALMER
first Cabinet, on his (Mr.
OSBORNE'S) first taking
his seat in the Chief Secretary's Office at the Board
of Admiralty—"pas de zele"—the hon. member
certainly dropped into Silence, as one may
say—at
discretion. Only upon the removal from his lips
of the padlock of official responsibility—came at.
last—at last—delightfully for himself, we should
think, that " wild shriek of liberty" with which,
as Mr. DISRAELI remarked at the time, Mr.
OSBORNE celebrated his emancipation from
office. It was for all the world like the
gleeful shouting heard from the village urchins
when released from the Dominie's thraldom towards
the cool of the evening. And Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE
then appeared to be only about the most noisy and
hilarious of the long hushed and cramped up subor-
dinates who escaped with him to " the village green"
and " the cool of the evening" on the side of the ,

Like fishes in a pool."
Ever since then Mr. 0 SBORNE, happily for us all, has
remained ungagged. Occasionally during the last,
for the most part, dull and tedious session he has
enlivened the debates with his sparkling and some-
times caustic, but even then always good-humoured
pleasantries. About the happiest and most " tell-
ing" of all the speeches that he has delivered this
year, either in or out of Parliament, is the one
addressed by him to his constituents at Liskeard on
Wednesday evening. It is BERNAL OSBORNE all
over. Full of home truths, flashed upon us like the
thrust of a rapier. Full of the most poignantly
laughter-provoking, but at the same time the most
perfectly gentlemanly, personalities. Mr. OSBORNE
is as a speaker—we all know it—what SIDNEY SMITH
was as a conversationalist : a professional dealer in
bon mots, eccentric witticisms, and extravagant
whimsicalities. It matters nothing to him what the
theme may be that is presented to him for con-
sideration. It is not by any means requisite that
it should be in itself essentially a provocation to
laughter—let us say like Father DALY'S inter-
position between the Premier and the Post-office
in regard to the affair of the Galway Contract, or,
again, like Mr. VINCENT SCULLY'S excruciatingly
ludicrous extravagancies in regard to what he deems
the wrongs of Ireland. CHARLES LAMB said of
7.‘IuNDEN's acting that it could "impart a dignity to
a joint-stool," and of MUNDEN himself that he could
" understand a leg of mutton in its quiddity."
GILBERT A'BECKETT, that Prince of Punsters, one
of the pleasantest of wags, and yet in spite of that one
of the worthiest of our London police magistrates,
could, in the estimation of those who knew him best,
turn the dullest subject, by merely writing about it,
into the delightfullest. It is pretty much in this
way that, by merely speaking about anything in
the wide wide world, Mr. OSBORNE can always
contrive to make it entertaining: and it is after this
fashion that he deals with the dull dead level of the
at length happily dead and gone Parliamentary
Session of 1861. It is thus he deals with all that
is peccant—and what is not ?—in the Great Liberal
Party so called. What is it he terms the Reform
Question for example ? Why, borrowing a whim-
sical phrase from OLIVER GOLDSMITH, he designates
it "A very good horse in the stable, but a jade on
the road." Does he quote a felicitous saying,
uttered by the right hon. gentleman the Leader
of the Opposition, he can't for the life of him
resist remarking of him incidentally, that while
Mr. DISRAELI often says a good thing, he but
seldom does any ! An odd way of putting a party
view, that the member for Bucks would be first to
laugh at. The Liberal party itself Mr. OSBORNE
designates humorously "a set of confirmed inva-
lids." Messrs. VILLIERS and GIBSON he speaks of
as having been allowed to take their places low
down at the Cabinet table—below the salt, shall
we say—like poor relations. In effect, through all
his witty gibes and oddities, he arrives point-
blank at this sound, common sense view of
the whole political situation, before he brings
to an end his capital speech at Liskeard,
on Wednesday. He says :—" The state of the
Liberal party is becoming somewhat of a mongrel
nature. We have now got into a state of confusion,
and if you ask one man what he is in politics he
will tell you Liberal Conservative, and if you ask
another he will say he is a Conservative Liberal.
What is to be the end of all these political differ-
ences? Unless some energetic measures are taken
by her MAJESTY'S Government to meet Parliament
with measures entitled to public approbation, not
only abcut spending money, but cutting down and
reforming the expenditure, I believe that question
will be taken out of their hands, and they will be
consigned to the outer darkness of Opposition,"
Let the Ministry—while laying these home truths
well to heart during the next half year—remember
that they are uttered by a thorough-going Liberal.
And let them remember this, too—that, as the old
proverb tells us, " there is many a true word spoken
in jest."

The Right Hon. B. Disraeli and Mrs. Disraeli
have passed through town for Hugenden Manor, Bucks,
from Knebworth Park, Herti, where they have been on a
risit to the Right Hon. Sir E. Bulwer Lytton.

The new decoration of the Legion of Honour
of Agriculture will, it is said, consist of a star, ornamented
ith mother of pearl, and surrounded with rays in silver;
on one side will be the likeness of the Emperor Napoleon,
and on the other agricultural symbols. It will be worn
suspended from a blue ribbon streaked with red. The new
Order is to be established on the 15th, the Emperor's fete.
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.--The Earl of Derby,
Chancellor of the University, has appointed the Rev. Wil-
liam Charles Salter, 31. A., Vice-Principal of this Hall,
Fellow of Balliol College, to the Principalship of St. Alban-
hall, in the room of the late lamented Dr. Cardwell. The
appointment of Mr. Salter, who has held the office of Vice-
Principal several years, has given great satisfaction.

THE FRENCH NAVY.—The Independance Beige
says :—" Notwithstanding the jealousy exhibited on the
other side of the Channel, the French Government con-
tinues to give important development to the organisation of
its naval force. Our correspondence for some days past
has given us intelligence of an augmentation of the mari-
time cadres. The Patric of to-day -announces the 'crea-
tion of a special division of plated vessels in the squadron
of evolutions. This division will consist of four or five
vessels."

JUDGES' CllAMßEßS.—Yesterday the Lord Chief
Justice of the Queen's Bench, Sir Alexander Cockburn, the
vacation judge, made an order that business was to com-
mence at Chambers on Monday, the 12th of August, and
following days, at 11 o'clock, and that all parties desiring
to attend before the judge on and after Monday, the 12th
day of August, can do so at his residence, No. 40, Hert-
ford-street, May Fair, at 12 o'clock. During the long
vacation attendance will be given at the Common Law and
Crown-office from 11 until 2 o'clock only, daily. After the
termination of the circuit, the business during the entire
vacation does not, of necessity, entirely devolve upon the
vacation judge, as it is quite competent for any judge to
act who may be in town.
THE CONDEMNED CONVICT HILTON.—The exe-
cution of this unfortunate man, condemned at the last Cam-
bridgeshire assizes for the murder of his wife at Parson
Drove, near IVisbeach, in March last, and who so persist-
ently insisted on pleading guilty, is fixed for Saturday next
at Cambridge. By the exertions of his father and his inde-
fatigable solicitor, Mr. 011ard, a petition for a remission of
the capital sentence was forwarded to the Home-office,
urging, first, circumstances which might lead to the con-
viction that the prisoner is insane, and secondly that it was
possible that he received sufficient provocation from his
deceased wife to reduce the crime to manslaughter. To this
a reply was received from Sir G. Grey stating that he could
see no sufficient ground for interference with the operation
of the law.

N Fo
yearsforty-eight THErt
_0 MERCANTILEI.g.htw fire-offices
ne iV h
Olt L
have
Wnr a
i et theshtin-
b l she NEWS
of
ptlast
187
which only twelve now continue ivn existence,ee
showing that the fire insurance notobnuesineexsesehaisoh,a
bte a
suc-
cessful with all offices. The shares of all fire offices within
the last 20 years are, with
dis-
count, and some unsaleable. At a meetinz at the Mansion
House the other day the wildest inferences were drawn by
the speakers. From rough statistics hastily collected, it
might have been inferred that all the business of the fire
offices was London insurances, and second, that all the
London business consisted of mercantile risks. Now, the
fact is, the premiums on London mercantile fire insurances,
oven of the leading commercial offices, constitute a most
insignificant per-centage of their general revenue, not, we
believe, on the average, above two or three per cent. On
the other hand, it is stated by these offices that during the
last ten or twelve years the losses paid on this class have
amounted, on the average, to nearly three times the pre-
miums secured. We earnestly caution the public against
trusting to the delusive statements made by professional
promoters in any new scheme. The hard savings of a life-
time may be lost when staked in new undertakings—the
whole of the capital sunk—by one large firo such as hap-
pened at Southwark,

PARIS, THURSDAY.
To-day, at 11.30 a.m. the Emperor officially re-
ceived the Minister of the Kingdom of Italy.
His Excellency and suite were conveyed to the
Tuileries in three state carriages.
M. Solar, who had appealed against the judg-
ment pronounced against him, did not appear to-
day before the Tribunal, and his appeal was V-iere-
for dismissed. M. Caley was condemned in a fine
of 3,000 f. for having participated in the distribu-
tion of a false dividend.
It is asserted that the interview between the
Emperor and the King of Prussia will take place
at Strasbourg on the 6th October next.
BounsE, August B.—The market has been again
animated to-day, but sales for realisation have
caused a slight reduction in prices,—Threes, for
the Account, being now at 68f 40c. Railways
quiet, but firm.
The following are the last quotations :-
41 per per Cents 98 —, Credit Foncier 1230
1)o end month.... 98 —, Belgian 41 looa
3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 40 i Roman
Bank Shares 2895 Austrian _

Credit Mobilier
Do. Account 7lO

Spanish Threes 47
Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans l4ll 25 .. 141 b
Northern .. 980
New ditto —
Lyons and Mediterranean .. 1022 50
Geneva — .. 345

Southern
.• 620
Western — , 535
Eastern . ... _ , 585
Sardinian - • • 370
Austrian — .. 501 25
Lotrbard