The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-24 00:00:00

NEWSPAPER
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'" , -' • -„,, funeral of the late Archbishop
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Wit a pomp tat sa, S

placemanadt
iaogt
heoent
rhtephitfeuenleeotahl inst. w i t h sa
solemn a ceremony. All the houses in the streets•
o
through which the cortege proceeded were covered
with deep black, as well as the whole population of
Warsaw,sP
composedecti e p
gawonr
fhiesdithchhe
the citizens
to.
eiti wast
Exactly
joinedxetnah :ot
loyf
committee
abltvylan2r usomawbl
o'clock
carokpse
appointed
pie gentrynigetuedaa
tr
hate,,
and peasants from the environs, Skierniewice,Lewieza
posts assigned headedinl having
vitihn
neither
theyar
yez
il
obtainede
or
rga clergy
policero
of m their
sseehi
friri
aroialna-
the telegrams how thea
theDaouutbhtolersistieysouthat
know
by
interfere in keeping order on that day.
various guilds and institutions followed one another,-
and the tranquillity was not for one moment dis-
turbed, - though the funeral procession corild not
have numbered less than 130,000 persons. All the,
church flags bare on them the Polish national arm:;,
—viz., the white eagle and the horseman. The:
nobles and the peasants walked hand-in-hand. The
funeral cortege started at 3.30 p.m. from the arch-
bishop's palace, and only reached the St. John's
Cathedral at 6.30. The foreign consuls, English and
French, took part in the sad ceremony, and joined.
it on the Saxon-place ; as also the. Protestant and
Jewish congregations, with every symptom of pro-
found and fervent sorrow. The body of the arch-
bishop was carried in turns by the clergy, the pea-
sants, artisans, Government officials, students, and
It is necessary to mention that neither
Count Lambert nor the Marquis Wielopolski was
to be seen, although several Russian _generals
were present. After having deposited the' coffin
with the body of the archbishop on a s-uperb,
catafalque, every one returned home in the most-
orderly manner, the peasants, having been taken
care of by the citizens and nobles, who lodged
them and entertained them hospitably until the
next day, when they were conducted to a place
assigned for them by the funeral committee. It
was difficult to accommodate all the peasants in
the church, they therefore desired to go to the
cemetery of Powazki, in order to visit tl3.t9mbs of
their brethrenbeing seen
who
byw theere slaauugthhtoerrietdieso, n,
they w
the 27etrlesi
i_t,_ of February last. For this purpose mass bad
been arranged in the church of Powaiki, and, to
avoid
taken in groups of 20 each. Aftor the service was
over they sang religious- hymns, in, which the
clergy joined. To our apeeable surwise the pea-
santry expressed .a wish, to see also the tomb of
those murdered on the Sth of April last, whom th,a
authorities had secretly buried in a large hole dug
up at the end of the cemetery, and -which contain-
ing about 1,200 - persons, was only recently dis-
covered. This brotherly love has deeply moved
the hearts of those present, the whole of the pea-
santry having been horrified and shed bitter tears,
full of despair, invoking the help of the Almighty,
that he may put a stop to the barbarities of the
Russian Government. The priest then giving a.
blessing, encouraged the people to place theirhopes
in God, to practise brotherly love, and to persevere,
as the only means of remedying the future evils.
The inhabitants then dispersed, and the peasants
with the clergy remained in the cemetery, when a
short sermon was preached on the love of the
country, after which part of the peasants proceeded
to the European Hotel, and the other portion to the
Vienna Hotel, near the railway station, where a
dinner had been prepared for them, and they were '
waited upon by the nobles, citizens, students, and
Jews. The dinner was good without display, and
the beverages consisted of beer and mead. During
dinner speeches were made suitable to the present
circumstances of the country by the nobles and
peasants; after which the citizens of the European
Hotel conveyed the peasants to the railway, no
excess whatever having occurred. The peasants
having unfurled the flag with the Polish arms upon
it which they carried at the funeral, they struck up
the Polish national religious hymn, and thus de-
parted, leaving behind t hem. the regrets of all.
On the same day was celebrated, in the town of
Horodlo, the national anniversary of the union of
Poland with Lithuania. The Government having
ttsr e ry'
every
been apprised of the intended ceremony sent Gen.
Chruszczew, who surrounded the town with an.
army, and declared that no assembly whatever
would be permitted. However, this threat was of
no avail, as all the delegates (though the high road
to Lublin was stopped) had arrived by various by-
ways near Horodlo, with the exception of Ruthe-
nian deputies, who were not allowed to cross the
river Bug, though they were eyewitnesses from
the opposite bank. The meeting, which was com-
posed of about 6,000 persons, determined, even at
the sacrifice of blood, to reach Horodlo, and was
proceeding slowly, headed by the clergy. General
Chruszczew, seeing them approaching, advanced
towards them with his aide-de-camp, and informed.
the procession that on no account would he suffer
them to enter the town ; to which he received a very
polite but energetic answer, that whatever might
happen the anniversary of such a day must be cele-
brated. On reaching the top of the hill in view of
Horodlo, General Chruszczew repeated his order
that they should not enter the church, intimating
to them whether they could not on this very spot
perform the ceremony as well as in the church. He
was then told that they had not the necessary
church requisites. The General ordered them to
be supplied from the church of Horodlo, and the
ceremony of the union was effected. A protest
against the partition of Poland was then drawn up
and signed.
Those two manifestations have, it appears, called
forth the order of placing the Kingdom of Poland
in a state of siege, which was done on the 14th inst.
We who from the year 1831 feel to be always in
the same condition do not experience the slightest
impression. From Monday, then, the streets of
Warsaw are fall of encampments of drunken sol-
diers and a domineering military authority. It
had been announced that on the 15th inst. the anni-
versary of the death of Kosciuszko should be cele-
brated ; and on the 14th an order was issued pro-
hibiting the shops being closed under a penalty of
100 roubles. The merchants, well knowing the
feeling of a despairing nation, were aware that '
they could not conform to this order, and all
the shops and manufactories were closed. About
10 a.m. the people assembled in the churches
r alarm
ou t pre-
vailed
upon
of St. John, the Bernardino, teihree
lookingHo
Holy Cross,
thaenird
the Reformers, and as soon as prayers had com-
menced these churches were surrounded by the
oldopi
of Cossackswhere; mothers
The
g
children, and wives for their husbands, and all who
came out of the churches were immediately arrested.
by the soldiers. In the midst of the confusion a.
troop
arenadtecsitrecaosnsfusivran soriwea
iled let
the people, whom they trod under foot and struck
with their whips and pikes. 4 was with the utmost
difficulty that I made my way through the streets ;
h
larger
ones were completely blocked, and the
smaller filled with drunken Cossacks, galloping
madly along. Two of them fell from their horses
eyes and narrowly escaped being trodden
before my ytmh.
-When I reached Senator-street I was
again stopped by a battalion of infantry, which was
charging at the double and striking with the butts
of the muskets at the people whom the Cossacks
were driving before them from the opposite direc-
tion. True, there was no firing; but everything in
the way of injury and outrage short of that was
perpetrated by the drunken soldiery on the people.
The Rev. Mr. Otto was beaten with sticks before
cgsh
the Post-office, and a lame man, who
with y h
is
home, was struck by an officer of Cos
0 The most
stick in the open street before my
eYuese.d by these
brutal language was everywhaemree
in their way.
ruffians to every
e were arrested as they
Three priests and 11
others
the Holy Cross. Those
came out of the church
of the Bernaidins and
who were in the churches e
worst, as they were shut up
th
St. John came 0
yesterday morning till half-past 5
from 10 o'clock
be
T sound of the galloping of
horses
this 111°1'1'14' f the drunken troops fill the city.
Several took refuge
and the oaths o .
re missing, and it is impossible for their
Numbers
relations to ascertain
their fate.
geliandythethrihturcch of the Reformers.
The insincerity of the Government in promising
us reforms is evident from the fact that it has sent
numerous agents about the country to excite the
peasants apind their lodlords.

PRICE ' - 4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

general character. (Hear.)
One of my father's
(Lord Chesham's) shepherds obtained one of these
memorials the other day. It is merely a printed
card, but he is more proud of it than if he had re-
ceived ten times its value in money, In point of
fact, he experiences the same feeling as the soldier
who glories in attaching his medal to his breast to
show that he has won it. (Cheers.) It is much more
valuable to him than the money it would be worth,
even if it had cost ten times the amount, and he
takes a pride in displaying, it.. It is precisely the
same with the agricultural labourer, who is de-
lighted to show to his friends and neighbours a me
morial of the esteem and respect entertained for him
by those above him. (Cheers.)
.The CsAntmAN'remirked that so far as the soldier
was concerned, it would not appear that he attached
as much value as his hon. friend Mr. Cavendish sup-
posed to the medal awarded to him, ,if any opinion
could be formed from the number of them which
were exhibited for sale in the pawnbrokers' shops
in the metropolis.
Mr. CAVENDISII said the medals which found
theirway into the pawnbrokers' shops weremot dis-
posed of by the men to whom they were awarded,
but by their friends and relatives after their death:
A soldier who had received a medal for any action
in which he had been "engaged had never been
known to part with it for any consideration. He
know that fact from, the very best authority.
(Hear; hear.)
,111 fr. BERNARD, M P.,
also responded to the t st.
Adverting to the condition of the homes of theTot-
tagers, he said he entertained a strong impression
that no improvement would be effected except by
legislative enactment. They must cut at the root
of the evil, and it could only be done by the Legis-
lature. It was-of no use laying down plans for the
improvement of the dwellings of the labouring
classes unless there was some legislative enactment
by which those plans could be carried out. When
they met at a social meeting like that it was " Hail,
fellow, well met ;" and they were quite ready to
talk about the question, and to assert their anxious
desire to do what was right towards the men they
employed. But the moment they came to consider
how they should carry their good intentions into
effect they came to cross purposes. One found that
it was inconvenient to alter the existing state of
things; another, that it would interfere with his

property ; and the consequence was that the evil
remained uncorrected, and nothing was done.
(Hear.) It was too much the custom in the present
day to make the willing horse bear all the burden,
and, in his opinion, it was only by legislative enact-
ment that they could properly apportion the burden
generally. (Hear.) By legislative enactment, and
by legislative enactment alone, cottages would be
made more creditable to the landlord and more com-
fortable for the labourers who occupied them.
(Cheers.) He thought the subject was one of the
greatest importance, and he trusted that before
long it would occupy the consideration of Parlia-
ment. No one who was acquainted with the agri-
cultural districts could entertain a doubt that the
morality of cottage life depended very materially
upon the character and. condition of the homes
supplied to them. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) One
of the advantages of this country was that the
people were a contented people, willing to follow
the regulations laid down by those above them, and
being perfectly contented and satisfied with the
station which Providence had allotted to them.
They had no ambition to aspire to a higher posi-
tion, and, in his opinion, it was to that feeling the
country was indebted for a great part of the pro-
sperity it enjoyed. (Hear.) They were all aware
that at the other side of the Atlantic the people of the
United States were all at sixes and sevens. Nobody
would serve under anybody, and the consequence
was that there was nothing but disorder and con-
fusion. From the very earliest history—beginning
with Scripture history—it had been shown to be
essential that there should be followers as well as
leaders. No man lost one atom of his independence
in following another placed above him either by the
accident of birth or by his superior intelligence.
They followed /him because they knew he was
honest and patriotic, and would guide them in the
path of honour and prosperity, and because by so
doing they merited and acquired the esteem and re-
spect of their fellow-men. (Hear and cheers.) With
regard to what had fallen from Mr. Cavendish in
reference to harvest-homes, his (Mr. Bernard's) ex-
perience had been somewhat different. He had only
recently attended one at Waddesdon, where up-
wards of 1,000 persons were present, and he never
saw any meeting go off with greater propriety or
greater enjoyment. There were, however, no
spirituous liquors, and no beer. There was
nothing but tea to drink and bread and butter to
eat. He was himself a great friend to har-
vest-homes. He liked to bring people together
for the purpose of expressing their thankfulness to
the Almighty for His goodness to them. They all
knew what a poor creature man was by himself. It
was nonsense to talk of one man being better than
another ; he was only better because he took more
pains to be better. It was their duty to take pre-
cautions against the evil propensities of humhn
nature, and one of those precautions was to avoid
the distribution of intoxicating drinks among the
agricultural labourers, who had not sufficient
strength of mind to resist them. When his hon.
friend gave his next harvest-home, he (Mr. Ber-
nard) trusted he would convert it into a nice tea-
party. (Laughter and cheers.)
Several other toasts of a local nature having been
given, the proceedings terminated.