The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-10 00:00:00

8, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
THE PANTHEON.
DR: CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Ape
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Apove, on all oases of Nervous Debility, Languor, InsaPacitY,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
of both SexesEemanating from early and excessive :indul-
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position. The edges of the plateau command the
rear of the batteries below ; the ravines in the bluff
would give cover to a large force of riflemen, who
could render the batteries untenable if taken from
the river face, unless the camp in their rear on the
top of the plateau was ea/lied. Great loss of life,
and probable failure, would result from any attack
on the works from the river merely. But a flotilla
might get past the guns without any serious loss in
the present state of their service and equipment;
and there is nothing I saw to prevent the landing
of a force on the banks of the river, which, with a
combined action on the part of an adequate force of
gunboats, could carry the position. As the river
falls the round-shot fire of the guns will be even
less effective. The General is providing water for
the camp by means of large cisterns dug in the
ground, which will be filled with water from the
river by steam power. The officers of the army of
Tennessee with whom I spoke were plain, farmerly-
planters, merchants, and lawyers; and the heads of
the department were in no respect better than their
inferiors by reason of any military acquirements,
but were shrewd, energetic, common sense men.
The officer in command of the works, however, un-
derstood his business, apparently, and was well
supported by the artillery officer. There were, I
was told, eight pieces of field artillery disposable
for the defence of the camp.
Having returned to the steamer the party pro-
ceeded up the river to another small camp in defence)
of a battery of four guns, or rather of a small paral-
lelogram of soft sand covering a man a little higher
than the knee, with four guns mounted in it on the
river face. No communication exists through the
woods between the two camps, which must be six
or seven miles apart. The force stationed here was
composed principally of gentlemen. They were all
in uniform. A detachment worked one of the guns,
which the General wished to see fired with round
shot. In five or six minutes after the order was
given the gun was loaded, and the word given,
" Fire." The gunner pulled the lanyard hard, but
the tube did not explode. Another was trid. A
strong jerk pulled it out bent and incombustible.
A third was inserted, which came out broken. The
fourth time was the charm and the ball was pro.
jetted about 60 yards to the right and 100 yards
short of the mark—a stump, some 1,200 yards dis-
tant, in the river. It must be remembered that
there are no disparts, tangents, or elevating screws
to the guns ; the officer was obliged to lay it by the
eye with a plain chock of wood. The General ex-
plained that the friction tubes were the results
of an experiment he was making to manufac-
ture them, but I agreed with one of the officers, who
muttered in my ear, " The old linstock and portfire
are a darned deal better." There were no shells, I
cculd see, in the battery, and on inquiry I learned
the fuses were made of wood at Memphis, and were
not considered by the officers at all trustworthy.
Power is so scarce that all salutes are interdicted,
except to the Governor of the State. In the two
camps there were, I was informed, about 4,000
men. My eyesight, as far as I went, confirmed me
of the existence of some 1,800, but I did not visit
all the outlying tents. On landing the band had
played "God Save the Queen" and "Dixie's
Land ;" on returning we had the "Marseillaise" and
the National Anthem of the Southern Confedera-
tion, and, by way of parenthesis, it may be added,
if you do not already know the fact, that
" Dixie's Land " is a synonym for Heaven. It
appears that there was once a good planter,
named "Dixie," who died at some period un-
known, to the intense grief of his animated pro-
perty. They found expression for their sorrow in
song, and consoled themselves by clamouring in
verse for their removal to the land to which Dixie
had departed, and where probably the revered spirit
would be greatly surprised to find himself in their
company. Whether they were ill-treated after he
died, and thus had reason to deplore his removal,
or merely desired Heaven in the abstract, nothing
known enables me to assent. But Dixie's Land is
now generally taken to mean the Seceded States,
where Mr. Dixie certainly is not at this present
writing. The song and air are the composition of
the organised African association for the advance-
ment of music and their own profit, which sings in
New York, and it may he as well to add, that in all
my tour in the South I heard little melody from
lips black or white, and only once heard negroes
singing in the fields.
Several sick men were put on board the steamer,
and were laid on mattresses on deck. I spoke to
them, and found they were nearly all suffering from
diarrhoea, and that they had had no medical attend-
ance in camp. All the doctors want to fight, and
the Medical Service of the Tennessee troops is very
defective. As I was going down the river I had
some interesting conversation with General Clark,
who commands about 5,000 troops of the Confede-
rate States, at present quartered in two camps at
Tennessee on these points. He told me the Corn-
missariat and the Medical Service had given him
the greatest annoyance, and confessed some deser-
tions and courts-martial bad occurred. Guard-
mounting and its accessory duties were performed
in a most slovenly manner, and the German troops '
from the Southern parts were particularly disor- 1
derly. It was late in the afternoon when I reached
Memphis. I may mention, obiter, that the captain
of the steamer, talking of arms, gave me a notion I
of the sense of security he felt on board his vessel. '
From under his pillow he pulled one of his two
Derringer pistols, and out of his clothes-press he
produced a long heavy rifle and a double gun, '
which was, he said, capital with ball and buckshot.
JUNE 19.
Up at three o'clock a.m., to get ready for the
train at 5, which will take me out of Dixie's Land
to Cairo. If the owners of the old hostelries in the
Egyptian city were at all like their Tennesseean fel-
low craftsmen in the upstart institution which takes
its name, I wonder how Herodotus managed to pay
his way. My sable attendant quite entered into our
feelings, and was rewarded accordingly. At 5 a.m.,
covered with dust, contracted in a drive through
streets which seem " paved with waves of mud," to
use the phrase of a Hibernian gentleman connected
with the luggage department of the omnibus, " only
the mud was all dust," to use my own, I started in
the cars along with some Confederate officers and
several bottles of whisky, which at that early hour
was considered by my unknown companions as. a
highly efficient prophylactic against the morning
dews, dews, but it appeared that these dews are o
f such
deadly character that in order to guard against their
one must become dead drunk. The same remedy, I
am assured, is sovereign against rattlesnake bites. I
can assure the friends of these gentlemen that they
were amply fortified against any amount of dew or
of rattlesnake poison before they got to the end of
their whisky, so great was the supply. By the Mem-
phis papers it seems as if that institution of blood
prevailed there as in New Orleans, for I read in my
paper as I went along of two murders and one shoot-
ing as the incidents of the previousday, contributed
by " the local." To contrast with this low state of
social existence there must be a high condition of
moral feeling, for thejournal I was reading contained
a very elaborate article to show the wickedness of any
one payinghisdebts,andof any Stateacknowledging
its liabilities, which would constitute an invaluable
vade mecum for Basinghall7street. At Humboldt
there was what was called a change of cars—a pro-
cess that all the philosophy of the Baron could not
have enabled him to endure without some loss of
temper, for there was a whole Kosmos of Southern
patriotism assembled at the station, burning with
the fires of Liberty, and bent on going to the camp
at Union City, 46 miles away,where the Confederate
forces of Tennessee, aided by Mississippi regiments,
are out under the greenwood tree. Their force was
irresistible, particularly as there were numbers of
relentless citizenesses—what the American papers
call " quite al crowd"—as the advanced guard of the
invading army. While the original occupants were
being compressed or expelled by crinoline--that
all-absorbing, defensive, and aggressive article of
feminine war reigns here in wide-spread, iron-bound
circles—l took refuge on the platform, where I
made, in an involuntary way, a good many ac-
quaintances in this sort :—" Sir, my name is_ Jones
—Judge Jones, of Pumpkin County. lam happy
to know you, Sir." We shake hands affectionately.
" Colonel," (Jones loquitur) "allow me to in°trod
you my friend Mr. Scribble . I Colonel Maggs, Mr.
uce
Scribble." The Colonel shakes hands, and imme-
diately darts off to a circle of his friensdosm one else
friends,
some he
e
introduces, and they each introduce
to me, and, finally, I am introduced to the engine
driver, who is really an acquaintance of value, for
ho is good enough to give me a seat on
bellows,
his engine,
and the bell tolls, the steam trumpet and
we move from the station an hour behind time, and
with twice the number of passengers the cars were
meant to contain. Our engineer did his best to
overcome his difficulties, and we rushed rapidly, if
not steadily, through a wilderness of forest
t theand
tangled brakes, through which the rail, without
smallest justification, performed curves and twists,
indicative of a desire on the part of the engineer to
consume the greatest amount of rail on the shortest
extent of line. My companion was a very intelli-
gent Southern gentleman, formerly editor of a
newspaper. We talked of the crime of the coun-
try, of the brutal shootings and stabbings which
disgraced it. lie admitted their existence with

gre , but he could advise and suggest no rente*ki
"'!'he rowdies have rushed in upon us, so that -
can't master them." "Is the law puM.rletA,- S
" Well,. Sir, you see these men got l).old of those who
should administer the law, or they ere too power-
ful or too rcaless to be kept down." "'That is
a reign of terror—o;' mob•rullianism ?" "It deu't
hurt respectable people much ; but I. agree with 3ou
it must be put down." " When,—how ?" " Well,
Sir, when things are settled, we'll just take the law
into our own hands. Not a man :;hall have a vote
unless he's American born, and, by degrees, we'll
get rid of these men who disgrace us.' "Are not
many of your regiments composed of Germans and
Irish—off' foreigners, in fact ?" " Yes, sir." I did
not suggest to him the thought which rose in my
mind, that these gentlemen, if successful, would he
very little inclined to abandon their sights while
they had arms in their hands ; but it occurred to me
as well that this would be rather a poor reward for
the men who were engaged in establishing the
Southern Confederacy. The attempt may fail, but
assuredly I have heard it empressed too often to
doubt that there is a determination on the part of
the leaders in the movement to take away the suf-
frage from the men whom they do not scruple to
employ in fighting their battles. If they cut tho
throats of the enemy they will stifle their own sweet
voices at the same time, or soon afterwards—a
capital recompense to their emigrant soldiers !
The portion of Tennessee traversed by the rail-
road is notvery attractive, for it is nearly uncleared.
In the sparse clearings were fields of Indian corn,
growing amid blackened stumps of trees and rude
log shanties, and the white population which looked
out on us was poorly housed at least, if not badly
clad. At last we reached Corinth. It would have
been scarcely recognisable by Mummius—even if
he had ruined his old handiwork over again. This
proudly named spot consisted apparently of a grog
shop in wood, and three shanties of a similar
material, 'without offices to match, and the Acro-
Corinth was a grocery store, of which the proprie-
tors had no doubt gone to the wars, as it was shut
up, and their names were suspiciously Milesian.
But, if Corinth was not imposing, Troy, which we
reached after a long run through a forest of virgin
timber, was still simpler in architecture and general
design. It was too new for " Troja fuit" and the
general " fixins" would scarcely authorise one to
say to hope Troia fuerit.
*The Dardinian Towers were represented by a
timber house, and Helen the Second—whom we may

take on this occasion to have been simulated by an
old lady smoking a pipe, whom I saw in the veran-
dah—could have set them on fire much more readily
than did her interesting prototype ignite the city of
Priam. The rest of the place and of the in-
habitants, as I saw it and them, might be considered
as an agglomerate of three or four sheds, a few log
huts, a saw mill, and some 20 negroes sitting on a
log and looking at the train. From Troy the road
led to a cypress swamp, over which the engines
bustled, rattled, tumbled, and hopped at a perilous
rate along a high trestlework, and at last we came
to " Union City," which seemed to be formed by
great aggregate meetings of discontented shavings
which had been whirled into heaps out of the forest
hard by. But here was the Camp of the Confede-
rates, which so many of our fellow-passengers were
coming out into the wilderness to see. Their white
tents and plank huts gleamed out through the
green of oak and elm, and hundreds of men came
out to the platform to greet their friends, and to in-
quire for baskets, boxes, and hampers, which put
me in mind of the Quartermaster's store at Bala-
klava. We have all heard of the unhappy medical
officer who exhausted his resources to" get up a
large chest from that store to the camp, and who
on opening it, in the hope of finding inside the
articles he was most in need of, discovered that it
contained an elegant assortment of wooden legs ;
but he could not have been so much disgusted as a
youthful warrior here who was handed a wicker-
covered jar from the luggage van, which he
" tapped" on the spot, expecting to find it full of
Bourbon whiskey, or something equally good. He
raised the ponderous vessel aloft and took a long
pull, to the envy of his comrades, and then spirting
out the fluid with a hideous face exclaimed " d—,
&c. Why, if the old woman has not sent me syrup!"
Evidently no joke, for the crowd around him never
laughed and gravely dispersed. It was fully two
hours before the train got away from the camp,
leaving a vast quantity of good things and many
ladies, who had come on in the excursion train,
behind them. There were about 6,000 men there,
it was said—rude, big, rough fellows, with sprink-
lings of odd companies, composed of gentlemen of
fortune exclusively. The soldiers who were only
entitled to the name in virtue of their carrying
arms, their duty, and possibly their fighting quali-
ties, lay under the trees playing cards, cooking,
smoking, or reading the papers ; but the camp was
guarded by sentries, some of whom carried their fire-
locks under their arms like umbrellas, others by the
muzzle with the butt over the shoulder •, one, for
ease, had stuck his with the bayonet in theground,
upright before him ; others laid their arms against
the trees, and preferred a sitting to an upright pos-
ture. In front of one camp there were two brass
fieldpreces, seemingly in good order. Many of the
men had sporting rifles or plain muskets. There
were several boys of 15 and 16 years of age among
the men, who could scarcely carry their arms for a
long day's march; but the Tennessee and Missis-
sippi infantry were generally the materials of good
soldiers. The camps were not regularly pitched,
with one exception ; the tents were too close
together ; the water is bad, and the result was that
a good deal of measles, fever, diarrhcea, and dysen-
tery prevailed. One man who came on the train
was a specimen of many of the classes which fill the
ranks—a tall, very muscular, handsome man, with a
hunter's eye, about 35 years of age, brawny-shoul-
dered, brown-faced, black-bearded, hairy-handed ;
he had once owned 110 negroes—equal, say, to
£2o,ooo—but he had been a patriot, a lover of free-
dom, a Filibuster. First he had gone off with Lopez
to Cuba, where he 'was taken, put in prison, and in-
cluded among the number who received grace ; next
he had gone off with Walker to Nicaragua, but in
his last expedition he fell into the hands of the
enemy, and was only restored to liberty by the
British officer, who was afterwards assaulted in
New Orleans for the part he took in the affair.
These little adventures had reduced his stock to
five negroes, and to defend them he took up arms,
and he looked like one who could use them. When
now
camwhee fromwae
over awespiglehneddidonblyetelflOolubv.—e
Nicaragua he
and, without wishing him any harm, may I be
permitted to congratulate American society on its
chance of getting rid of a considerable number of
those of whom he is a representative man. We
learned incidentally that the district wherein
these troops are quartered was distinguished by
its attachment to the Union. By its last vote
Tennessee proved that there are at least 40,000
voters in the State 'who are attached to the United
States' Government. At Columbus the passengers
were transferred to a steamer, which in an hour and
a-half made its way against the stream of the Mis-
sissippi to Cairo. There, in the clear light of the
summer's eve, were floating the Stars and Stripes
—the first time I had seen the flag, with the ex-
ception of a glimpse of it at Fort Pickens, for two
months. Cairo is in Illinois, on the spur of land
which is formed by the junction of the Ohio river
with the Mississippi, and its name is probably well
known to certain speculators in England who be-
lieved in the fortunes of a place so appropriately
named and situated. Here is the camp of Illinoise
troops under General Prentiss, which watches_th
shores of the Missouri on the one hand, and. of Ken-
tucky on the other. Of them, and of what Meal! D,.°
interesting to readers in England, I shalll sepxpx_l_n_
my next letter. I find there is a generaress res
ed by
sion of satisfaction at the sentiments.e.7
Lord John Russell in the speech ty
re
been made made known here, and that the ani.
ww.itth has just
the
cited by what a portion of American ps
Minister to the
called the hostility of the Foreign.
United States has been considerably abated,
because England has
the people into
aflame, States h l• •ted
although much has been done to fan t e anger of
ave mu
acknowledged the Confederate
belligerent ts.

RICHMOND ELECTION.—Mr. Roundell Palmer,
the new Solicitor-General, was returned without opposition
as member for Richmond yesterday (Tuesday) in place of
Mr. Rich, who accepts the Chiltern Hundreds.
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