The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-10 00:00:00

IRIS .DAY'S SHIPPING.

o.—Wind this day at noon, North-
and cloudy weather, with rain and
Westerly;
, „„,hine.
occaisi"Bjuno B.—Wind N.E.--Sailed—Diana, for
CARDIFF'
Cuba.
EA, June B.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Duke of
Beaufort,SvANs from Coquimbo. Sailed—Roman, for Taganrog;
gjhunt bereeize,
P Gibraltar.
Bazer, .or
LoNDONIi
PORTSMOUTH, June 3.--Wind N.E.—Arrived—Her
mai
ajestyesty 's shi
ship Nautilus, from Plymouth. Sailed—Her
m's p 'Wye, for Ascension.
PLYMOUTH, Nne 9.—W
screw steamer ind N.E.--Sailed—RangoonN.E.--Sailed—Rangoon, for Alexandria.
for New Y
CLYDE,
or k. June 9...—Wind S.W.—Sailed—Universal°,

(By ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Monday Morning. Arrived—Escape, from Montrose ; Jane Cochrane, from
Newport.
Sailed—Star of the East, for Hull.

(Br SUBMARINE AND MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Monday Morning.
Arrived, June 9—R. B. Howett, from Wilmington ;
Rose, from Antwerp.
Arrived, June 10—Syria, from Barbadoes,
Sailed, June 9—Prince of Wales, Prince Arthur, and
Cree, for Hudson's Bay.

It has been, we are informed, determined to send
three regiments of infantry and a sufficient amount of
artillery and munitions of war to reinforce the garrisons in
British North America. These garrisons had been so
reduced of late years as scarcely to afford sentries enough
for the protection of the public buildings at the most im-
portant military posts, and, as their weakness seemed even
to invite attack, it has been thought desirable to place them
in a position to command respect from any irregular body
which, in a moment of excitement, might feel tempted, to
assail a place which seemed incapable of defence.

IRE CIVIL IVA.R IN AMERICA.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
FORT PICKENS AND PENSACOLA.
A VISIT TO BOTH CAMPS.
MOBILE, MAY 18.

I avail myself of the departure of a gentleman
who is going to New York by the shortest route he
can find to send you the accompanying letters. The
mails are stopped ; so are the telegraphs ; and it is
doubtful whether I can get to New Orleans by water.
Of what I saw at Fort Pickens and Pensacola here
is an account, written in a very hurried manner,
and under very peculiar circumstances.
TUESDAY, MAY 14.
Two New Orleans gentlemen who came overland
from Pensacola yesterday give such an account of
their miseries from heat, dust, sand, and want of
accommodation in the dreary waste through which
they passed for more than 17 hours, that I sought
out some other way of going there, and at last
heard of a small schooner, called the Diana, which
would gladly undertake to run round by sea, if
permitted to enter by the blockading squadron.
She was neither clean nor neat-looking; her cap-
tain, a tall, wild-haired young man, had more the
air of a mechanic than of a sailor, but he knew his
business well, as the result of the voyage showed.
His crew consisted of three men and a negro
cook. Three gentlemen of Mobile, who were
anxious to visit General Bragg's camp, agreed to
join me, but before I sailed I obtained a promise
that they would not violate the character of neu-
trals as long as they were with me, and an assur-
ance that they were not in any way engaged in
or employed by the Confederate States forces.
" Surely you will not have Mr. R- hanged,
Sir ?" said the Mayor of Mobile to me when I told
him I could not consent to pass off the gentleman
in question as a private friend. " No, I shall do
nothing to get Mr. It- hanged. It will be his
own act which causes it, but I will not allow Mr.
It- to accompany me under false pretences."
Having concluded our bargain with the skipper at
a tolerably fair rate, and laid in a stock of stores and
provisions, the party sailed from Mobile at 5 in the
evening of Tuesday, May 14, with the flag of the
Confederate States flying ; but, as a precautionary
measure, I borrowed from our acting Consul, Mr.
Magee, a British ensign, which, with a flag of truce
would win the favourable consideration of the
United States squadron. Our craft, the somewhat
Dutch build of which gave no great promise of
speed, to my surprise and pleasure came up with the
lights of Fort Morgan at 9 o'clock, and we were
allowed to pass unchallenged through a " swash,"
as a narrow channel over the bar is called, which,
despite the absence of beacons and buoys, our skip-
per shot through under the guidance of a sounding-
pole, which gave, at various plunges, but few inches
to spare.

The shore is as flat as a pancake—a belt of white
sand, covered with drift logs and timber, and with
a pine forest ; not a house or human habitation of
any sort to be seen for 40 miles, from Fort Morgan
to the entrance of the harbour of Pensacola ; cheer-
less, miserable, full of swamps, the haunts of alli-
gators, cranes, snakes, and pelicans ; with lagoons,
such as the Perdida, swelling into inland seas ;
deep buried in pine woods, and known only to wild
creatures and to the old Filibusters—swanning with
mosquitoes. As the Diana rushed along within a
quarter of a mile of this grim shore, great fish flew
off from the shallows, and once a shining gleam
flashed along the waters and winged its way along-
side the little craft—a monster shark, which
ploughed through the sea pari passe for some hun-
dred yards leeward of the craft, and distinctly
'visible in the wonderful phosphorescence around
it, and then dashed away with a trail of
light seaward, on some errand of voracity, with
tremendous force and vigour. The wretched
Spaniards who came to this ill-named Florida must
often have cursed their stars. How rejoiced were
they when the Government of the United States
relieved them from their dominion ! Once during
the night some lights were seen on shore, as if from
a camp fire. Tnc skipper proposed to load an old
iron carronadc and blaze away at them, and one of
the party actually got out his revolver to fire, but
I objected very strongly to these valorous proceed-
ings, and, suggesting that they might be friends
who were there, and that, friends or foes, they were
sure to return our fire, succeeded in calming the
martial ardour on board the Diana. The fires were
very probably made by some of the horsemen lately
sent out by Gen. Bragg to patrol the coast, but the
skipper said that in all his lifelong experience he
had never seen a human creature or a light on that
shore before. The wind was so favourable, and the
Diana so fast, that she would have run into the
midst of the United States squadron off Fort Pickens
had she pursued her course. Therefore, when she
was within about 10 miles of the station she hove
to, and lay off and on for about two hours. Before
dawn the sails were filled, and off she went once
more, bowling along merrily, till within the first
blush of day there came in sight Fort M'Rae, Fort
Pickens, and the masts of the squadron, just rising 1
above the blended horizon of low shore and sea.
The former, which is on the western shore of the
mainland, is in the hands of the Confederate troops.
The latter is just opposite to it, on the extremity of
the sandbank called Santa Rosa Island, which for
45 miles runs in a belt parallel to the shore of
Florida, at a distance varying from 11 to 4 miles.
To make smooth water of it, the schooner made
several tacks shorewards. In the second of these
tacks the subtle entrance of Perdida Creek is pointed
out, which, after several serpentine and re-entering
undulations of channel, one of which is only sepa-
rated from the sea for a mile or more by a thin wall
of sandbank, widens to meet the discharge of a
tolerably spacious inland lake. The Perdida is the
dividing line between the States of Alabama and
Florida.

The flagstaff of Fort M'Rae soon becomes visible,
and in fainter outline beyond it that of Fort
Pickens and the hulls of the fleet, in which one can
make out three war steamers, a frigate, and a sloop
of war, and then the sharp-set canvas of a schooner,
the police craft of this beat, bearing down upon us.
The skipper, with some uneasiness, announces the
small schooner that is sailing in the wind's eye as
the " Oriental," and confesses to having already
been challenged and warned off by her sentinel
master. We promised him immunity for the
past and safety for the future, and, easing oil
the main sheet, he lays the Diana on her course for
the fleet.

Fort M'Rae, one of the 'obsolete school of fast-
nesses, rounds up on our left. Beyond it, on the
shore, is Barrancas, a square-faced work, half a mile
further up the channel, and more immediately
facing Fort Pickens. A thick wood crowns the low
shore which trends away to the eastward, but amid
the sand the glass can trace the outlines of batteries.
Pretty-looking detached houses line the
. beach ;
some loftier edifices gather close up to the shelter
of a tall chimney which is vomiting out clouds of
smoke, and a few masts and spars checker the white
fronts of the large buildings and sheds, which, with
a big shears, indicate the position of the navy-yard
of Warrington, commonly called that of Pensacola,
although the place of that name lies several miles
up the creek. Fort M‘Rae seems to have sunk at
the foundations ; the crowns of many of the case-
mates are cracked, and the water face is poor-look-
ing. Fort Pickens, on the contrary, is a solid,
substantial-looking work, and reminds one some-
thing of Fort Paul at Sebastopol, as seen from the
sea, except that it has only one tier of casemates,
and is not so high. As the Oriental approaches,
the Diana throws her foresail aback, and the pretty
little craft, with a full-sized United States ensign
flying, and the muzzle of a brass howitzer peeping
over her forecastle, ranges up luff, and taking an
easy sweep lies to alongside us. A boat is lowered
from her and is soon alongside, steered by an officer ;
her crew are armed to the teeth with pistols and
cutlasses. " Ah, I think I have seen you before.
What schooner is this ?" " The Diana, from
Mobile." The officer steps on deck and announces
himself as Mr. Brown, Master in the United States
navy, in charge of the boarding vessel Oriental.
The crew secure their boat and step up after him.
The skipper, looking very sulky, hands his papers
to the officer. "Now, sir, make sail, and lie to
under the quarter of that steamer, the guardship
Powhattan."
courteous when. he
Mr. Brown was exceedingly

heard who the party-were. The Mobilians, how-
ever, looked as black as thunder ; nor were they at
all better pleased when they heard the skipper ask
if he did not know there was a strict blockade of
the port. The Powhattan is a paddle steamer of
2,200 tons and 10 guns, and is known to our service
as the flag ship of Commodore Tatnall, in Chinese
waters, when that gallant veteran gave us timely
and kindly proof of the truth of his well known ex-
pression, " Blood is thicker than water." Upon
her spar deck there is a stout, healthy-looking
crew, which seems quite able to attend to her ar-
mament of 10 heavy 10-inch Dahlgren Columbiads,
and the formidable 11 inches of the same family on
the forecastle. Her commander, Captain Porter,
though only a Lieutenant commanding, has seen an
age of active service, both in the navy and in the
merchant steam marine service, to which he was
detailed for six or seven years after the discovery
of California. The party were ushered into the
cabin, and Capt. Porter received them with perfect
courtesy, heard our names and object, and then
entered into general conversation, in which the
Mobilians, thawed by his sailorly frankness, gra-
dually joined, ai well as they could. Over and over
again must acknowledge the exceeding politeness
and civility with which your correspondent, has
been received by the authorities on both sides in
this unhappy war.

Though but little beyond the age of 40, Captain
Porter has been long enough in the navy to have
imbibed some of those prejudices which by the pro-
fane arestigmatised as fogyisms. Until the day pre-
vious he had, he told me, felt disposed to condemn
rifled cannon of a small calibre as " gimcracks,"
but had been rapidly converted to the " Armstrong
faith," by the following experiment. He was making
target practice with his:heavy guns at a distance of
some 2,600 yards. At anything like a moderate
elevation the:experiment was unsatisfactory, and
while his gunners were essaying to harmonise cause
and effect, the charge and the elevation, he be-
thought him of a little rifled brass plaything which
Captain Dahlgren had sent on board a day or two
before his departure. To his astonishment the ball,
after careering until he thought " it would never
stop going," struck the water 1,000 yards be-
yond the target, and established a reputation he had
never believed possible for a howitzer of 61b. calibre
carrying a 121 b bolt. He observed that the ancient
walls of Fort APRae would not resist this new mis-
sile for half an hour.

If it comes to fighting you will hear more of the
Powhattan and Captain Porter. He has been re-
peatedly in the harbour and along the enemy's
works at night in his boat and knows their position
thoroughly, and he showed me on his chart the
various spots marked off whence he can sweep their
works and do them immense mischief. " The Pow-
hattan is old, and if she sinks I can't help it." She
is all ready for action ; boarding nettings triced up,
fieldpieces and howitzers prepared against night
boarding, and the whole of her bows padded inter-
nally, with dead wood and sails, so as to prevent
her main deck being raked as she stands stern on
towards the forts. Her crew are as fine a set of men
as ever I have seen of late days on board a man-of-
war. They are healthy, well fed, regularly paid,
and can be relied on to do their duty to a man. As
far as I could judge, the impression of the officers
was that General Bragg would not be rash enough
to expose himself to the heavy chastisement which,
in their belief, awaits him if he is rash enough to
open fire upon Fort Pickens. As Captain Porter is
not the senior officer of the fleet he signaled to the
flag-ship and was desired to send us on board.

One more prize has been made this morning—a
little schooner with a crew of Italians and laden
with vegetables. The master, a Roman of Civita
Vecchia, pretends to be in great trouble, in order to
squeeze a good price out of the captain for his
" tuttifruti e eosi diversi.' The officers assured me
that all the statements made by the coasting skip-
pers when they return to port from the squadron
are lies from beginning to end.
A ten-oared barge carried the party to the United
States frigate Sabine, on board of which Flag-Cap-
tain Adams hoists his pennant. On our way we
had a fair view of the Brooklyn, whose armament
of 22 heavy guns is said to be the most formidable
battery in the American navy. Her anti-type, the
Sabine, an old-fashioned 50-gun frigate, as rare an
object upon modern seas as an old post-coach
is upon modern roads, is reached at last. As one
treads her decks, the eyes, accustomed for so many
weeks to the outlandish forms of brave but undis-
ciplined Southern Volunteers, feel en pays de con-
naissance when they rest upon the solid mass of 300
or 400 quid-rolling, sunburnt, and resolute-looking
blue-shirted tars, to whom a three years' cruise has
imparted a family aspect which makes them almost
as hard to distinguish apart as so many Chinamen.
A believer in the serpent symbol might feel almost
tempted to regard thelog of the Sabine as comprising
the Alpha and Omega of, at least, the last half cen-
tury of the American Republic. Her keel was laid
shortly after our last war with Brother Jonathan,
and so long as the temple of Janus remained closed
—her size having rendered her unfit to participate
in what is called the Mexican war—she remained
in the ship-house of the navy-yard which had wit-
nessed her baptism. In the year 1858 she was sum-
moned from her retirement to officiate as flagship
of the " Paraguay expedition," and after having con-
veyed the American Commissioner to Montevideo,
whence he proceeded with a flotilla of steamers and
sloops of war up to Corrientes, and thence in the
temporaryflagship, the steamer Fulton, to Assump-
tion, she brought him back to New York in May,
1859, and was then despatched to complete her
cruise as part of the Home Squadron in the Carib-
bean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. During the conclud-
ing months of her cruise the political complications
of North and South burst into the present rupture,
and the day before our visit one of her lieutenants,
a North Carolinian, had left her to espouse, as
nearly all the Southern officers of both army and
navy have done, the cause of his native State.
Captain Adams is in a still more painful predica-
ment. During his eventful voyage, which com-
menced with a six days' experience in the terrible
Bermuda cyclone of November, 1858, he had been a
stranger to the bitter sectional animosities engen-
dered by the last election ; and had recently joined
the blockade of this port, where he finds a son en-
listed in the ranks of the C. S. A., and learns that
two others form part of the Virginia division of
Mr. Jefferson Davis's forces, Born in Pennsylva-
nia, he married in Louisiana, where he has a plan-
tation and the remainder of his family, and he
smiles grimly as one of our companions brings him
the playful message from his daughtor,who has been
elected rivandiere of a New Orleans regiment, " that
she trusts he may be starved whilhe blockading the
South, and that she intends
to
ton and get a lock of Old Abe'sphua-i hair"--on taosliVeua sxhliandgy-
would his scalp.
The
veteranhave
saisd ailor's sad story demands deep sym-
tphaethvya.rielty, heofwheevaerier,.ghelp
eannot enjoying at least
1
a little of the altera pars. It
is now nearly six weeks since I entered " Dixie's
Land," during which period I must confess I have
had a sufficiency of the music and drums, the
cavaliering and the roystering of the Southern gal-
lants. As an impartial observer, I may say I find
less bitterness and denunciation, but quite as dogged
a resolution upon the Roundhead side. Some y
s
u
ex-
perience, or at least observation
hrvtatlo
argument, has taught atnaotftacthke gunpowder
always
more grateful office than defence, and, if we are to
judge of the sturdy resolution of the inmates of
Fort Pickens by the looks of the officers and crews
of the fleet, Fort Pickens will fall no easy prize, if
at all. _

and the ready hospitality of
After some conversation with Cacpatbaiinn,
heAd as
ma
isd,
his
finally he would take on himself to permit me and
the party to land at the Navy-yard and to visit the
enemy's quarters, relying on my character as a
neutral and a subject of Great Britain that no im-
proper advantage would be taken of the permission.
In giving that leave he was, he said, well aware
that he was laying himself open to attack, but he
acted on his own judgment and responsibility. We
must, however, hoist a flag of truce, as he had
beeninformed by Gen. Bragg that he considered
the intimation he had received from the fleet of the
blockade of the port was a declaration of war, and
that he would fire on any vessel from the fleet
which approached his command. I bade good-

bye to Capt. Adams with sincere regret, and if—
but I may not utter the wish here. Our barge was
waiting to take us to the Oriental, i❑ which we
sailed pleasantly away down the Powhattan to in-
form Captain Porter I had received permission to
go on shore. Another officer was in his cabin when
I entered—Captain Poore, of the Brooklyn, and he
seemed a little surprised when he heard that Cap-
tain Adams had given leave to all to go on shore.
"What, all these editors of Southern newspapers
who are with you, Sir 9" I assured him they were
nothing of the kind, and after a few kind words I
made my adieu, and.went on board the Diana with
my companions.

Hoisting one of our only two table cloths to the
masthead as a flag of truce, we dropped slowly with
the tide through the channel that runs parallel to
one face of Fort Pickens. The wind favoured us
but little, and the falling breeze enabled all on
board to inspect deliberately the seemingly artistic
preparations for the threatened attack which frowns
and bristles from three miles of forts and batteries
arrayed around the slight indenture opposite.
Heavy sandbag traverses protect the corners of the
parapets, and seem solid enough to defy the heavy
batteries ensconced in earthworks around the Light-
house, which to an outside glance seems the most
formidable point of attack, directed as it is against
the weaker flank of the fort at its most vulnerable
angle.

A few soldiers and officers upon the ramparts ap-
peared to be inhaling the freshening breeze which
arose to waft the schooner across the channel, and
enabled her to coast the mainshore, so that all could
take note of the necklace of bastions, earthworks,
and columbiads with which Gen, Bragg hopes to
throttle his adversary. We passed by J3thrancas,
the nearest point of attack (a mile and a quarter),
the Commander-in-Chief's head-quarters, the bar-
racks, and the hospital successively, and as the vessel
approached the landing-pier of the Navy-yard one
could hear the bustle of the military and the ham-
mers of the artificers, and descry the crimson and
blue trappings of Zouaves, recalling Crimean remi-
niscences. A train of heavy tumbrils, drawn
by three or four pairs of mules, was the
first indication of a transport system in
the army of the Confederate States, and the
high bred chargers mounted by the escorts
of these ammunition waggons corroborated the ac-
counts of the wealth and breeding of its volunteer
cavalry. The Diana now skirted the Navy-yard,
the neat dwellings of which, and the profusion of
orange and fig groves in which they are embosomed,
have an aspect of tropical shade and repose, much
at variance with the stern preparations before us.
Our skipper let go his anchor at a respectful dis-
tance from the quay, evincing a regard for martial
law that contrasted strangely with the impatience
of control elsewhere manifested throughout this
land, and almost inspiring the belief that no other
rule can ever restore the lost bump of veneration to
American craniology.
While the master of the Diana was skulling his
leaky punt ashore to convey my letters of introduc-
tion to the Commander-in-Chief, I had leisure to
survey the long, narrow, low sand belt of island
opposite which loses itself in the distance, and dis-
appears in the ocean 47 miles from Fort Pickens.
It is so nearly level with the sea that I could make
out the mainyards of the Sabine and the Brooklyn,
anchored outside the island within range of the
Navy-yard, which is destined to receive immediate
attention whenever the attack shall begin. Pur-
suing my reflections upon the morale of the upper
and nether millstones between which the Diana is
moored, I am sadly puzzled by the anomalous ethics
or metaphysics of this singular war, the prepara-
tions for which vary so essentially—it m ere sin to
to say ludicrously—from all ancient and modern
belligerent usages. Here we have an important
fortress, threatened with siege for the last 60 days,
suffering the assailants of the flag it defends to
amass battery upon battery, and string the whole
coast of low hills opposite with every variety of
apparatus for its own devastation, without throwing
a timely shell to prevent their establishment.
War has been virtually declared, since letters of
marque and a corresponding blockade admit of no
other interpretation, and yet but last week two
Mobile steamers, laden with £50,000 worth of pro-
visions for the beleaguering camp, were stopped by
the blockading fleet and, though not permitted to
enter this harbour, were allowed to return to Mobile
untouched, the commander thinking it quite punish-
ment enough for the rebels to thus compel them to
return to Mobile, and carry up the Alabama River
to Montgomery this mass of eatables, which would
have to be despatched thence by rail to this place !
Such practical jokes lend a tinge of innocence to the
premonitories of this strife which will hardly sur-
vive the first bloodshed.

The skipper returned from shore with an orderly,
who brought the needful permission to haul the
Diana alongside the wharf, where I landed, and was
conducted by an aide of the Quartermaster-General
through the shady streets of this graceful little
village, which covers an enclosure of 300 acres, and,
with the adjoining forts, cost the United States over
£6,000,000 sterling, which may have something to
do with the President's determination to hold a pro-
perty under so heavy an hypothecation. Irish land-
lords, with encumbered estates, have no such simple
mode of obtaining an acquittal.

The Navy-yard is, properly speaking, a settle-
ment of exceedingly neat detached houses, with
gardens in front, porticoes, pillars, verandahs, and
Venetian blinds to aid the dense trees in keeping off
the scorching rays of the sun, which is intensely
powerful in the summer, and is now blazing so
fiercely as to force one to admit the assertion that
the average temperature is as high as that of
Calcutta to be very probable. The little grass plots
under these trees are covered with neat piles of
cannon balls, mostly of small size ; two obsolete
mortars—one dated 1776—are placed in the
main avenue. Tents are pitched under the trees,
and the houses are all occupied by officers, who are
chatting, smoking, and drinking at the open win-
dows. A number of men in semi-military dresses
of various sorts and side arms are lounging about
the quays and the lawns before the houses. Into
one of these I am escorted, and find myself
at a very pleasant mess, of whom the greater
number are officers of the Zouave Corps, from New
Orleans—one, a Dane, has served at Idstedt, Kiel,
Frederichstadt, another foreigner Hs seen service
in South America, another has fought in half the
insurrectionary wars in Europe. The wine is abun-
dant, the fare good, the laughter and talk are loud.
Mr. Davis has been down all day from Montgomery,
accompanied by Mrs. Davis, Mr. Malcny, and Mr.
Wigfall, and they all think his presence means im-
mediate action.

The only ship here is the shell of the old Fulton,
which is on the stocks, but the works of the Navy-
yard are useful in casting shot, shell, and preparing
munitions of war. An aide-de-camp from General
he road,
owing Bragg entered as we were sitting at table, and
iin-
vited me to attend him to the General's quarters.
T
asfuu:
sfaonund, was very long and very dis-
agreeable,
tko
at the
everydepth
ste ofthe o sand, into
whichthe ankle.
Passing along the front of an p up
extended row of the
clean, airy, pretty villas inside the Navy-yard, we
passed the gate on exhibiting our passes, and pro-
ceeded by the sea beach, one side of which is lined
with houses,
a few yards from
toiled
oi bye thelg
gunsui have been
surf.
s a n Thesed-b
ag s,housespara-
pets, a
r a
are all occupied by troops, or
a fe
are used as bar-rooms
na es
the
At
placedo r n agig along
lzoa
p I
f the
service,
beach,covered f
intervalsw
tpheet s
a,
iadned
hailed traverses.
a
cart, pressed it into along As u
ui n 1 1 t h. e
ss sand
smart
_
Sud-
denly d
rr
uss
i
and we continued
igohutr-bjaocukrnedeymleasu in a blue s
y
frock-
coat, with a star on the epaulette strap, a
kepi, and trowsers with gold stripe, and largepo
brass
spurs, rode past on a high-stepping powerful
charger, followed by an orderly. "There's General
Bragg," said his aide. The General turned round,
reined up, and I was presented as I sat in my state
chariot. The commander of the Confederated
States Army at Pensacola is about 42 years of age,
of a spare and powerful frame ; his face is dark, and
marked with deep lines, his mouth large, and
squarely set in determined jaws, and his eyes,
sagacious, penetrating, and not by any means un-
kindly, look out at you from beetle brows which
run straight across and spring into a thick tuft of
black hair, which is thickest over the nose, where

naturally it usually leaves an intervening space.
His hair is dark, and he wears such regulation
whiskers as were the delight of our generals a few
years ago. His manner his quick and frank, and
his smile is very pleasing and agreeable. The
General would not hear of my continuing my jour-
ney to his quarters in a cart, and his orderly
brought up an ambulance, drawn by a smart pair
of mules, in which I completed it satisfactorily.
The end of the journey through the sandy plain
was at hand, for in an enclosure of a high wall there
stood a well-shaded mansion, amid trees of live oak
and sycamore, with sentries at the gate and horses
held by orderlies under the portico. General Bragg
received me at the top of thesteps which lead to the
verandah, and, after a few earnest and complimen-
tary words, conducted me to his office, where he
spoke of the contest in which he was to play so im-
portant a part in terms of unaffected earnestness.
Why else had he left his estates ? After the Mexi-
can war he had retired from the United States
Artillery ; but when his State was menaced he was
obliged to defend her. He was satisfied the North
meant nothing but subjugation. All he wanted was
peace. Slavery was an institution for which he was
not responsible, but his property was guaranteed to
him by law, and it consisted of slaves. Why did
the enemy take off slaves from Tortugas to work for
them at Pickens ? Because whites could not do their
work. It was quite impossible to deny his earnest-
ness, sincerity, and zeal as he spoke, and one could
only wonder at the difference made by the " stand
point" from which the question is reviewed. Gen.
Bragg finally before we supped took down his plans
and showed me the position of every gun in his
works and all his batteries. He showed tho greatest
clearness of unreserved openness in his communica-
tions, and was anxious to point out that he had
much greater difficulties to contend with than Gen.
Beauregard had at Charleston. The inside of
Pickens is well-known to him, as he was stationed
there the very first tour of duty which he had after
he left West Point. It was late at night when I re-
turned on one of the General's horses towards the
Navy-yard. The orderly who accompanied me was,
he said, a Mississippi planter, but he had left his
wife and family to the care of the negroes, had
turned up all his cotton land and replanted it with
corn, and had come off to the wars. Once only were
we challenged, and I was only required to show my
pass as I was getting on board the schooner. Be-
fore I left General Bragg he was good enough to
say he would send down one of his aides-de-camp
and horses early in the morning to give me a look
at the works.

COUNT CAVOUR'S DEA7II.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)

TURIN, JUNE 6.

Consunimatuin est. Count Cavour died this
morning at 7 o'clock. It was understood yesterday
that the night would be critical, and the issue of
the crisis was scarcely doubtful, as the sufferer had
not rallied in the morning, as had been the case
with him in the previous days. All power of reac-
tion had left him, and the new attack of fever was
sure to find him powerless.

The Romans, it is said, crowned on the Capitol
the physician who rid them of Pope Adrian VI.
The Italians of our own days would honestly hang
Count Cavour's doctors if the execution would afford
any relief to their feelings. There never was a clearer
case of a man murdered by his medical attendants.
Within a very short period of five days they at-
tempted to cure the count of four or more different
complaints—congestion of the brain, typhus fever,
intermittent pernicious fever, brain fever, dropsy,
and lastly gout ; and for all these diseases they
could think of nothing but their own sovereign
remedy—the lancet. I think these excellent prac-
titioners are worthy to send down their names to
posterity. They were Dr. Rossi, Dr. Mattoni, and
towards the end the King's phi sician, Riberi, the
same in whose hands the mother, wife, and brother
of Victor Emmanuel expired, one by one, in the
early months of the fatal year 1853. Dr. Tommasi,
who was summoned from Pavia by Cavour's friends,
was not admitted to consultation. '

The excitement of the Turin population, when
they became aware of the Prime Minister's danger,
rose almost to a frantic pitch. The whole day yes-
terday, and more especially towards evening, till
late in the night, the gateway and courtyard of
the Cavour Palace, the street, and all the adjoining
avenues were strongly beset with eager faces, eager
and silent, hardly imparting their fears to each
other in an under-whisper. Had death been a
visible, tangible enemy, you woul'l have said the
sullen, dogged expression of those countenances
conveyed a firm, desperate resolution to grapple
with him.

Notwithstanding frequent fits of delirium, Count
Cavour seemed to have a distinct presentiment of
his fate. Seeing himself alone with his domestic
attendants yesterday, he asked with great serenity
" whether his doctors had forsaken him ?" On
being answered, with surprise and concern, that
they could never have thought of leaving him fora
moment, he replied with a smile, "Boma/Una, gli
abbanclonero in" (" It is I who shall quit them to-
morrow morning"). The King paid repeated visits
to the builder of the exalted fortunes ofhis dynasty.
The Home Minister, Minglietti, applied for a final
interview with the leader of Italian politics,
but was kept back by the Count's physicians.
Farini was with him to the last moment. The dying
man sho wed great strength and composure through-
out his agony. There was apparently no intense
suffering ; at least, no utterance of if. He talked
with great volubility, and even with his wonted
humour, both in moments of mental alienation and
in lucid intervals. Not one word escaped him
throughout that betrayed the least feeling of re-
sentment or animosity against any man living or
dead. If this busy, scheming mind had no leisure
for very expansive friendship or tender affection, it
was, however, too loftily raised above the sphere of
human passion to harbour any recollection of injury
or insult. Generosity was an instinct with him,
and cost him no effort. For the rest, his aims were
great, and he gave himself n) excessive concern for
the sacrifices with which they might be attained.
He valued faithful and able servants ; he knew how
to choose, and how to turn them to good purpose.
But he thought, perhaps, their services were their
best reward. He had many who loved him. I
know no one who could boast of having enjoyed
Cavour's friendship. He stood alone in his great -
ness.

He talked a good deal about politics, and to the
last minute he expressed a firm faith in the desti-
nies of his country. He advised patience and per-
severance. He said, "We shall get on to the end'
(andremo avanti sino allafine). He spoke of Cialdini
Menabrea, Cugia--of armies on the Po and Mincio.
He turned the conversation on almost trivial sub-
jects—the crops, the silkworms. Heaven bless his
glorious memory ! For him polities was no more
than agriculture, trade, or industry. It was a
sphere of activity he looked for—work for his rest-
less spirit, for his colossal faculties, for his un-
daunted energies. In early youth he was an ardent
student ; in his prime of manhood a deep specula-
tor ; in mature age an earnest, eager statesman.
By turns he stored his mind, he enriched his family,
he made his country. Foresight and steadiness
chained fortune to his chariot; he met with no fail-
ure. He loved politics for exertion's sake. Power
had become a necessity for him ; he pined and
fretted at Leri, in 1859, during those few months
of comparative inaction ; he would have died of
weariness if, upon the Roman and Venetian ques-
tion being solved, prudence had suggested a retire-
ment under the shade of his laurels.

No man in this world, and the greatest least of
all, know precisely the juncture at which it is good
for them to die. What loss the death of this great
man has inflicted upon Italy coming events will
soon tell us. But for Cavour himself it is difficult
to say whether he could depart this life at a moment
more auspicious to his fame. Really great statesmen,
born to weather great national crises, have never
been long-lived, and a man's death may be as fruit-
ful of good to his generation as his life. I see a
proud, noble spirit, rising around me among these
brave Italian patriots, stunned as they ore by the
suddenness of their dire calamity ; a manly resolu-
tion not to be borne down even by this irreparable
Stroke of adversity. Cavour's imperious, 4tubborn

master-mind forced them to keep together. Cavour's
death warns them to still closer unity of action and
purpose. I hear around me, wherever I turn, ear-
nest protestations of abiding by and supporting the
Government, into whatever hands the King may
choose to put it. " Cavour did the work of ten, of
a hundred, of a thousand men," they say; "we
must get tens, hundreds, thousands, so to pull
together as to do the work of that one man."

I must say I augur well for the future of Italy.
Yesterday the day was cold and gloomy, with
heavy wet, the fit day to body forth a great public
disaster. This morning when all was over the
sky was not only spotless, but of such deep, vivid
hue as :only this sub-Alpine region can boast,
when rain and wind have driven the last speck of
vapour from the storm•breeding mountains. What
sorrow can live in human breasts in sight of the
calm purity of yon glorious Alpine chain, all
mantled over with a fresh fall of snow ? Man seems
to identify himself with the eternity of nature in
presence of this wonderful alternation of atmos-
pheric phenomena. Only last night a great spirit
was passing from among us, and before the breath
had departed his body the gloom that hung over
the house of death yields to the ineffable smile of
all created things. It forces a smile in return from
the downcast and hopeless—" Heaviness endureth
for a night, but joy comes in the morning."

P.M.

The shops are closed under the porticoes, and
business is at a stand throughout the town in sight
of mourning. Persons familiar with Turin aver
that the city bore just such a look of desolation and
dismay on the day after the terrible disaster of
Novara.

The House of Deputies met at a quarter to 2,
and was fully attended. The galleries were
crowded, but deep silence prevailed. I saw Sir
James Hudson in the Diplomatic gallery. He was
personally attached to the deceased Minister, and
feels the loss as keenly as any Italian. The mem-
bers of the headless Cabinet were all present. The
President, Ratazzi, in a few impressive words, an-
nounced to the House the loss the nation had sus-
tained, and adjourned it for three days. He re-
peated to the Deputies the words uttered by Count
Cavour with his last breath, expressing his firm
faith in the destinies of the country, and recom-
mending unity and constancy.
The Minister for Home Affairs, Minghetti, who
had some trouble in dashing the tears from his eyes,
informed the House that the Cabinet would retain
office for the present, and that by a decree of the
4th the King had trusted him, Minghetti, with the
portfolio, and General Fanti, the Minister of War,
with the administration of the Marine.

On the motion of the Deputy Lanza, the House
resolved to go into mourning for 20 days.
Baron Ricasoli has been applied to for the compo-
sition of a new Cabinet. In the morning the pre-
sent Ministers held a Council, presided over by the
King.
I read in the Gazetta di Torino that Cavour in
his delirium was repeatedly heard to exclaim, " No,
no ; I will have no state of siege. Any man may
govern with a state of siege."