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London, England, 1861-04-22 00:00:00

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provisions now existing for
houseless poor are disgmeefu_
His reply was—l think that the fact of 150,000
persons being thrown on private charity for relief
during the last winter is a proof that the provision
for them is insufficient. From that circumstance I
infer that the provision made by the poor law is
disgracefully insufficient. In Paddington 16,000
persons were relieved by private charity, and the
number relieved in the City Union by private
charity was 47,000.
Mr. Bowring, the clerk to the City of London
Uniob, who was examined on a former day, was
called, and gave some additional evidence, after
which the committee adjourned.

PRICE .4D. STAMPED, SD.

ME ITALIAN PARLIAMENT.

The following are a few of the most important
passages of the debate in the Italian Chamber of
Deputies on the 18th : _ _ _

Baron RICASOLI—The volunteers, under the illus-
trious chief whom we have the pleasure of seeing
amongst us, have written a glorious page of our
history. But from these glorious events there must
not arise a dualism which would be dangerous to the
country. Let me revert to the time when the King
went to Naples to accomplish the work of liberation.
The cabinet had no doubt good reasons for dis-
banding the Southern army. I therefore call upon
them to explain what they have done for the
Southern army.

MEMBERS OF THE SIOCK EXCHANGE
A D THE BUDGET:

The petition to the How of Commons from the
members of the Stock Exchange has received about
400 signatures ; it is a very short one, and -is as
follows :—" To the Honourable the Commons of the
United Kingdom iii Parliament assembled, the
humble petition of the undersigned members of
the Stock Exchange of the city of London :
Your petitioners' humbly pray your honourable
house not to repeal the paper duty levied upon
paper while the duties at present levied upon
tea and sugar press so heavily upon the poor."
The petition is to be presented this evening by
Mr. Disraeli.

General FAN- TI, Minister of War, read a long re-
port on the position of the army of the South. It
had been proposed (by Garibaldi) to organise five
divisions with the remnants of that army. 'This
project could not be adopted, because it 'was impos-
sible to allow officers who had resigned their ranks
in the regular army, to re-enter the latter at the
end of a few months with a superior rank, when
their comrades, who had remained in the army, but
had fought as much as they, remained as they were
before. He then recalled to mind that he had been
peculiarly indulgent towards certain volunteers
recommended by General Garibaldi; and that the
college of Palermo, now transformed into a military
college, had preserved the name of its founder, As
to arming the country, he declared that all that
could reasonably be done had been effected, and in
support of his assertion entered into long particulars
on the late military measures.
Gen. GARIBALDI thanked Baron Ricaseli for
having given 11!m an opportunity of defending his
companions in arms. As to the dualism alluded to,
he was at the head of one of his branches, he knew
that, but it was not he that had originated it.
Words of conciliation had been brought to him,
but they were only words, and he was a matter of-
fact man. "When," he continued, "my country is
at stake, I shall always yield—(applause)—but can
I shake hands with the man who has made me a
foreigner in my own country ? (Bravos from the
galleries.) The Minister of War has said that he
had saved Central Italy from anarchy. I appeal to
those who governed the country ; there was no dan-
ger of anarchy. Ido not want to bandy personali-
ties, but I must defend my honour. These are
glorious facts to record ; and that glory was not
darkened until this cabinet extended its cold and
baneful hand over the Sollth."

(From the Morning Herald.)
We have reason to believe that an amendment
to Mr.
b re. Gmloavdesa this n
tone's resolutioneveing byon
T.
income tax
will Baring,
M.P. for Huntingdon.

(From the Morning Post.)
We hear that the Conservatives are making a
strong whip to oppose Mr. Gladstone's budget.
It will have been observed that, in the debate in
the House of Lords on Friday, Lord Derby
cleared his decks for action by throwing over-
board his heavy lumbertp,,s:enhvw stand, as
shtaisA, uisttriisanclaenadr
anti-Italian tendencies. This was, of course, a
bid for office. As mat
that
Chancellortho
toefaithnegilLocfheqthueesre'sssfiionnanwciiall
will
be
measures.

MR. GLADSTONE'S SURPLUS: IS IT REAL?
(From the Economist.)
On a careful survey of the admitted facts, it
appears to us certain that Mr. Gladstone has taken
a sanguine view of the casual receipts he antici-
pates, of the casual incomings that may fall in, as
well as of the regular revenue on which he relies.
The surplus of the budget >is in consequence a
magnified surplus. It is a surplus to deal tenderly
with. Does Mr. Gladstone deal tenderly with it
His warmest admirers, and on many points we are
among his very warmest, cannot say that he does.
He takes off from the permanent revenue of the
reckons
etet
ciukpnoi country
even.hmi
sosr
uearspthlhui ass n h
at
twli s s l
calculations
9 oc
in os—m
but
umot re
make
e than
tiattakes
hi
s
surplus e s
lieoiffs
from the permanent revenue of the country—
One penny of the income tax
Paper duty

Count CAVOUR here rose in great excitement, and
said a few words that were unintelligible amid the
cries of " Order, order."
General -GARIBALDI—I thought I had acquired
the right of speaking the truth to the .representa-
tives of the country by thirty years of services.
The PRESIDENT (Signor Ratazzi)—Speak your
mind, but do not offend others.
General GARIBALDI—When the love of concord
and the horror of a fratricidal war—

£2,400,000
It is true that in the present year he has a nominal,
surplus of £400,000, for he only takes off three-
quarters' income-tax this year, and half a year's
paper duty, dating from Aug. 1 ; but in subsequent
years the revenue will suffer the whole diminution
we have stated. Only parts of the proposed reduc-
tions will be in operation during this financial year,
but the whole will be in operation during the next.
And it is further to be remembered that the mere
expectation that the paper duty is to be repealed
in the autumn will greatly diminish the revenue to
be derived by the Excise between this period and
that. The paper manufacturers will properly and
reasonably manufacture only the minimum which is
possible. When the duty is taken off, the actual paper
in the country will be reduced far below the ave-
rage, and the revenue will have suffered in conse-
quence. Mr. Gladstone did not say that he allowed
for this circumstance, but it will certainly and ine-
vitably diminish his Excise revenue to the extent
of the actual surplus, whatever it may be. There
will scarcely be a question that the reduction of the
income tax has a prior claim to every other remis-
sion whatever. It presses more hardly, not of
course on the richest persons who pay it, but on
that subordinate, numerous, and straitened class of
persons whom we call the lower middle class.
Clerks with £2OO a year would feel relieved by
the diminution of the income tax more than by
anything else ; and if a fair person will compute
the comparative pressure on different classes,
they are probably the most burdened
class of all. Moreover, one penny taken off the in-
come tax is not taken off for ever. It may be
reimposed if the public necessities require it. A
reduction of a Customs or an Excise duty is difficult
to place ; an abolition once made is made for ever.
Of indirect taxes, we think it tolerably certain that,
apart from political considerations and all recent
and temporary antecedents, the tea and sugar
duties have a superior claim to the paper duty.
-We do not underrate the importance of the lat-
ter. But, nevertheless, the great outstanding fact
remains, that a reduction of the tea and sugar
duties, and especially of the former, would
be a relief to the whole multitude of the
lower classes in their closest and most intimate
necessities ; and with this no refined, theoretical,
and, so to say, invisible considerations, such as can
be urged in favour of the reduction of the paper
duty, can in pure political economy, in the view of
an abstracted calculating reasoner, for a single mo-
ment effectually compete or contend. The conclu-
sion, therefore, of simple, pure finance is, that we
have hardly a greater surplus than is sufficient to
justify a repeal of one penny of the income. tax ;
that this reduction has a preferential claim on that
surplus; and that among other diminutions of taxa-
tion—among diminutions of indirect taxation, the
abolition of the paper duty is not that which can
show the most pressing need, or the most clear im-
mediate advantage.

Count CAVOUR (passionately)—No one desired
Civil war. I protest most solemnly ! I cannot
allow such words to pass.
(General uproar. The President puts on his hat
and retires. General Garibaldi is surrounded by
many of his friends, who advise him to moderate
his language. After the lapse of a quarter of an
hour the sitting was resumed.)
The PRESIDENT—I am compelled to blame Gene-
ral Garibaldi severely for the words he has spoken ;
and I must recommend him to be more moderate, or
else I must condemn him to silence.

General GARIBALDI promised he would not speak
any more of the Cabinet, and then proceeded to
detail all the grievances of the Southern army,
which have been amply treated in our columns at
various times.
General Bixto—This division between Garibaldi
and Count Cavour is a great misfortune. To see
Count Cavour, Gen. Garibaldi, and Signor Ratazzi
shake hands together I would willingly sacrifice
myself and my whole family. (Loud cheers.) I beg
of Count Cavour not to mind Garibaldi's words.

Count CAvouß—l am represented as the enemy
of the volunteers—l, who was the first to call them
out. I appeal to Gen. Garibaldi himself. It was
I, I, who sent for him in 1859, and requested him to
lend us his assistance. I will not dwell on the diffi•
culties that project had to encounter ; they were
immense, but the volunteers did us also immense
service. They have proved that all Italians know
.how to fight and die for their country, and you
imagine that lam hostile to the volunteers. I accept,
for my part, Gen. Bixio's;invitation, and will forget
the first part of this sitting. The Government has
done all in its power to increase the regular army;
nevertheless, although I have not examined Gen.
Garibaldi's project, I am disposed to second its
being taken into consideration. There is between
the General and me a fact which separates us. I
thought it my duty to advise the King to cede Nice
and Savoy. From the grief that I felt on that occa-
sion I can understand the General's feelings, and
his resentment against me.
Gen. GARIBALDI—I am satisfied with Count
Cavour's explanation ; but there is a means of ap-
peasing our political dissensions. lam sure Count
Cavour loves his country ; let him, then, use his
influence in support of my bill for arming the coun-
try, and let the volunteers of the army of the South
be recalled into service. Thus we shall be
reconciled.