The Sun.
London, England, 1857-04-07 00:00:00

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(l'u'gs liar Thin%)
This moining our readers
another glimpse into the arts, _
dotes of Witchcraft, as believed, _ _
in England in the year of grace 187. Fot the
authority of the communication we can entirely
vouch, and its interest is considerable, not merely
as authenticating the nature of the delusions still
current in the country, but more especially as exhi-
biting the phase which these persuasions assume in
the case of respectable persons and well-regulated
parishes. The truth is, we fear, that much of the
material out of which the follies and barbarities of
the 17th century were constructed exists to the
present day, and if the results are less deplorable
it is owing rather to better administration than
superior enlightenment. The example now given
is supplied by the evidence and arguments of a
yeoman farmer—well-conducted, pretty well to do,
and possessed of at least as much religious and ge-
neral knowledge as falls usually to the lot of his
class. His wife being ill, he betakes himself to a
neighbouring magistrate, relates his affliction at-
tributes it to the machinations of a certain witch,
and applies for the magistrate's warrant to have her
" proved," according to the use and practice of our
for Jfathers. The mention of the case in the neigh-
bourhood brings out other allusions, anecdotes, and
confession
until at length it becomes plain enough
that the app
(nut's opinions on this subject repro-
.%
private creed of the whole
i%!
sent pretty neaf.ly the
parish.
Mr. Disraeli was cetainly wrong in saying that
the Desert was the only' place for purity of tradi-
tion. No Egyptian necroeeancers could have pre-
served their mysteries more faithfully than the in-
habitants of this British county. The principles and
maxims disclosed are of the real genuine stamp,
unimpeachable iu their 'antiquity, unimpaired in
their proportions, unadulterated in their folly.
The " proving" of the witch is the true old trial,
without cross or blemish—a real Devil's ordeal.
Innocence of ordinary crimes used to be tested in.
early days by appeals to the immeeliate agency of
Providence, so that fire was expected not to burn,
or blows to hurt, in the case of a person unjustly
accused. But innocence of witchcraft was. proved
by-an inversion of the test. The agency here pro-
voked was that of the Devil, and if impunity ensued.
the verdict was that of conviction, not of acquittal,
since the Prince of Darkness was held to have be-
trayed his sympathies in the protection of his own.
The unfortunate consequence of these assumptions
was that the incriminated party had no chance of
escape either way. In the common ordeal, or
appeal to Heaven, safety in the experiment brought
safety altogether ' • but in the proof of witchcraft
safety in the trial brought destruction afterwards,
and acquittal was only established by death in the
process. A reputed witch was thrown into the
water. As a human being in such case would
usually sink and perish, it was held as evidence of
diabolical support if the accused was found to
'swim, and the stake awaited her accordingly '. • if
no such aid was forthcoming she went to the
bottom in the odour of innocence, and . there re-
mained. The reader will discern in the stories
now set before him with what remarkable fidelity
this theory has been preserved. It is only in the
touches of humanity and public order that the
ideas of the 19th century peep out. The farmer
still desires to have the witch "swum," but he
applies first for a magistrates's sanction, and would
do it tenderly and with precautions, so as "not to
hurt her." Another notable persuasion of the
good old times was to the effect that these pre-
sumed dealers with the Devil were in the habit of
suckling young imps at certain abnormal teats,
presenting the appearance of moles on the skin.
The method of diagnosis on these occasions consisted
in probing the moles to the quick with sharp-
pointed bradawls ; and the famous Hopkins, the
Witchfinder, was renowned for the peculiar dex-
terity of his manipulation. We suspect that the
vitality of this tradition also may be detected in
one of the requests preferred by the farmer to the
magistrate.
There is little novelty in any of the symptoms
detailed as evincing the agency in question. As are
the witches, so is their work—the veritable repro-
duction of ages long past. It would be almost a
startling piece of testimony to find some entirely
new feature or apparition, but, unlu icily, nobody
ever sees or hears anything except what tradition
represents as being seen or heard under such cir-
cumstances. The most curious part of the state-
ments now published consists, we think, in the
evidence of the counterpart traditions-traditions
containing antidotes to witchery, which are hoarded
and handed down like family recpes. In intro-
ducing one of these to the magistrate's notice the
farmer observed, in a phil. sophic tone, "These,
you see, sir, are little schemes which go from one
generation to another. There is always something
to be learned out of the weakest and ignorantest."
The "little scheme" produced on the present oc-
casion from this repository of lore consisted in
taking some hairs from the "noddle " of the be-
witched woman's neck, some parings of her nails, -
and some nails from a horseshoe, and putting the
whole together in a bottle on the fire. When
the bottle bursts the experimenters look out of
window, and there the guilty witch or wizard
will be seen standing before them. Nor was this
the only counter spell available. When the evil-
disposed person had been thus identified there
were means of getting rid of her very simply in-
deed. The impulse of the Devil would drive her
to the house she was afflicting, and it was only
necessary to refuse all speech of her to .send her
back to her own home to die. Oue case, it will be
seen, was related in which the actual employment of
this method with a full and due result was said to
have occurred. In point of fact, if a household was
but in posse,sion of the proper knowledge, and re-
solute in' applying it, it seems to us as if witches
would get a good deal the worst of the game.
One highly natural but exceedingly striking fea-
ture in the discourse here put before us is the
clashing and discord of ideas produced in the con-
flict between delusions of the 17th century and
realities of the 19th. It is hard to say which ap-
pears the strongest—faith in spells or belief in
parochial government. Witches are spoken of one
minute as if they were born children of the Devil,
and the next as if they were poachers or tramps.
The farmer had argued with the magistrate about
the Witch of Eudor and about Jewish demoniacs,
but when it came to the push, and as a last resort,
he asks whether a man who " has to pay the rates
and taxes, hard and fast," ought to be bothered in
this kind of way ? Satan might bo roaring and
ramping about, but he couldn't be stronger than
the Squire. " Sir, if our Squire knew that there
was any such bad things as witchcraft about, he
would have it altered.' Even in the ease of the
very witch believed to be at work the final appeal
shows the ratepayer triumphant over the victim of
superstition. He had been pleading very hard for
the swimming and the proving—for the pond and
the rope ; but at last he says, "Couldn't you have
her hitched off to the Union? That might be a
benefit 1" We shouldn't wonder if it proved as
hard a trial as any.
It is horrifying to think of the cruelties which
in former times were practised under the influence
of persuasions like these, when poor unhappy
creatures, almost always aged and helpless, wero
liable to treatment of the most barbarous descrip-
tion on charges which could always be made and
could hardly be disproved. In the present case
our informant tells us that the accused woman is
harmless, respectable, and too infirm to stir much
labouring under aberration
of mind. Yet this, we dare say, is the type of
from
bewitched, her cottage, oits t aegveidwhile the woman, thought to beently
many a case attended in days gone by with atro-
cities too terrible to be thought of. In this de-
partment, however, of the subject matters stand on
a pretty good footing ; nor is there much danger
that witchcraft can involve anything worse than
fraud or folly so long as men of charity and intelli-
gence, like our correspondent and his colleagues,
can temper the superstition of their neighbourhoods
by advice and superintendence. For a more radi-
cal cure we must look to education, and such ex-
amples as we have recently given ought to teach us
more strongly than any arguments how urgently
progress is required.

[PRICE 4D•

rEAMPED 51;

Monarch, 84, Rear-Adm. H. W: Bruce, Capt. G. E. Patey,
S ,-Pacific.
7.lonkey, st.-tug, Sec. ,11.1a5..G. Syudercombe (act.), Wool-

wich.
Myrmidon, 4, st.-v., Lient.-Com. E. W. Shaw, 1852,
Coast of Africa.
Naiad, 42, store•ship, bias, Com. W. W. Dillon, 1843,

Callao.
Nankin, 50, Capt. the Hon. K. Stewart, 1842, East Inches.
Nautilus, 6, Lieut.-Com. W. B. Grant, 1852, apprentice-
ship, Davenport.
Nereus, 42, store-depot, Mae.' Corn. J. C. Harlow, 1825,
Valparaiso.
Niger, 14, en., Capt. the Hon. A. A. Cochrane, 1854, East

Nile, 91, screw, Capt. G. R. Mundy, 1837, N. America and
W. Indies.
Nimrod, 6,.screw, Cora. R. Dew, 1854, Portsmouth.
Oberon, 3, st.-v., Jackson,lB46,Woolwich.
Opossum, 2, se. gun-boat, Lt.-Com. C. A. Campbell, 1852,
E. Indies.
Orion, 91, sc., Capt. J. E. Erskine, 1828, W. Indies and
N. America.
Osprey, 4, sc., Com. H. J. Blomfield,lBss,Mediteeranean.
Otter, 3, st.-v., Lieut.-Com. C. H. Simpson, 1848, part.
service.

Pearl, 20, se.. Capt. E. S. Sotheby, 1852, E. Indies.
Pembroke, 60, Capt. J. Fraser, C. 8., 1841, Coast Guard
service. _ .

Penelope, 16, st.-v., Capt. Sir W. S. Wiseman, Bart., 1854,
Coast of Africa.

Perseverance, 2, tr.-ship, Com. J. W. D. M'Donald,
part. ser.
•- - •

Pigmy, 3, st., Lieut--Com. --, particular service.
Pi neer, 6, se., Com. G. P. Mends, 1854. West Indies.
Pique, 40, Capt. Sir F. W. E. Nicolson, Bart., 1846, East
Indies.

Plover, 2, se. gun-boat, Lieut.-Com. K. Stewart, 1855, East
Indies.

Plumper, 9, screw, Capt. G. H. Richards, 1854, part. ser.
Pluto, 4, st.-v.,.Lieut.-Com. W. Swipburn, 1848, Devonpt.
Porcupine, 3, st.-v., Capt. H. C. Otter, 1854, surveying.
President, 50, Capt. C. Frederic, 1842, Pacific.
Princess Royal, 91, screw, Capt. G. Giffard, C. 8., 1845,
particular service.
Prometheus, 5, st.-v., Com. C. W. Hope, 1854, Coast of
Africa.

Racehorse, 14, Cora. E. K. Barnard, 1852, East Indies.
Raleigh, 50, Capt. the Hon. H. Keppel, CM., 1837, East
Indies.

Recruit, 6, st. vessel, Corn. H. F. M‘Killopp, 1855, Mediter.
Retribution, 28, et. vessel, Capt. C. Barker, MO, South
America.

Rhadamanthus, 4, st.-vessel, Master-Com. W. L. Browne,

1831, part. ser.
Rifleman, 8, screw, Lieut.-Com. H. Christian, 1849, South-
east Coast of Africa.

Rolla, 6, Lieut.-Ciim.'o. C. Nelson, 1854, Portsmouth.
Royal Albert, 121, screw, Rear-Admiral Edmund Lord
Lyons, G.O 8., K.C.H., Capt. W. R. Mends, C. 8., 1852,
Mediterranean.

Royal William, 120, Rear-Admiral Sir J. H. Plumridge,
K. C. 8., Capt. F. Hutton, 1844, Devonport.
• St. Vizicent, 102, Rear-Admiral W. F. Martin, Capt. G. A.
Elliott, 1838, Portsmouth.
Sampson, 6, st -v., Captain G. S. Hand, 1852, East Indies.
Sanspareil, 71, screw, Capt. A. C. Key, C. 8., 1850, China.
Sappho, 12, Capt. F. Moresby, 1854, Coast f Africa.
Saracen, 4, Master-Com. J. Richards, 1837, East Indies.
Satellite, sc., 21, Capt. J. C. Prevost, 1856. Pacific.
Saturn, 72, Capt.-Sup. R. Smart, K.H., 1837, Pembroke.
Scorpion, 6, Master-Com. I. Parsons, 1854, West Indies.
Scourge, 6, st. -v. , Commod. J. Adams, 1854, Coast of Africa.
Shannon, 51, screw, Capt. W. Peel, C. 8., 1849, China.
Simoom, 8, sc., Coin. J. M. Cooke, 1852, particular service.
Siren, 16, Cora. J. H. Selwyn, 1851, South America.
Snake, 6, sc., Com. J. E. Commerell, 1855, Mediterranean.
Southampton, 50, Captain E. P. Charlewood, 1855, Coast
Guard Service.

Spartan, 26, Capt. Sir W. Hoste, Bart., 1848, Fast Indies.
Sphinx, 6, st.-v., Capt. A. P. E. Wilmot, C .8., Mediterran.
Spiteful. 6, st.-v., Coin. E. H. Shortt, 1854, Mediterranean.
Spy, 3, Lieut.-Cora. A. Luckraft, 1846, South America.
Starling, sc. gun-b 4 Lieut.-Com. A. J. Villiers, 1855, E.lnd.
Staunch, 2, sc. gun-b., Lieut.-Com. L. Wildman, 1854, E. In.
Supply, 2, store's:, Com. W. H. Balleston' 1845, Mediterran.
Surprise, 4, sc., Com. S. G. Creswell, 1854, Devoupprt.
Swallow, 8, se., Com. C L. Waddilove. 1855, Mediterran.
Sybille, 40, Commod. the Hon C. G. J.B. Elliot, 1841, E. In.
Tartar, 20, se., Capt. H. Dunlop, 1850, W. Ind. & N. Amer.
Tartarus, 4, st., Com. A; L. Mansell, 1855, Mediterranean.
Teazer, 3, se., Liut. -Com. W. H. White, 1849, Coast of Africa
Termagant, 24, st. -v. , Commod. H. Kellett, C. 8., W. Indies
Tortoise, 12, store-s., Capt. G. A. Seymour, 1854, Ascension
Transit, se. store-s , Com. E. Chambers, 1854, Portsmouth.
Tribune, 30, sc., Capt. H. E. Edgell, C 8., 1846, E. Indies.
Trident, 6, sc,-v., Corn. F. A. Close, 1854: Coast of Africa.
Trincomalee, 24Capt. W. Houston, 1847, Pacific.
Tyne, 4, storeship, Mast.-Com. J. S. Hill, 1845, Woolwich.
Urgent, Sc, storeship, Corn. C. G. Phillips, 1848, particular
service.
Victor, 6, sc., Com. A. F. IL de Horsey, 1853, North
America and West Indies.
Victoria and Albert, 2, steam-yacht, Capt. the Hon. J.
Denman, 1841, Portsmouth.
Victory. 101, Vice-Admiral Sir G. F. Seymour, K.C.8.,
G.C.H.; Capt. G. H. Seymour, C. 8., 1844, Portsmouth.
Vigilant, 4, sc., Cora. W. Armytage, 1855, Mediterranean.
Viper, 6, sc., Mediterranean.
Virago. 6, st.-v.; H. V. Haggard, 1855, South-east Coast
of America.

.

Vixen, 6, st. -v., Com. G.T.3,1 echam,
Volcano, 3, st.-v., Master-Com.
Portsmouth.

, 1854, particular service.
J. M. Hockley, 1855,

Vulcan,6, sc. tr.-ship, Cora. J. H. Furneaux, 1856, parti-
cular service.
Vulture, 6;st.-v., Capt.F. A. Campbell, 1854, Mediterran.
Wanderer, 4, se., Com. J. P. Luce, 1854, Mediterranean.
Wk,sp, :3, sc., Com. F. It. Stirling, 1854, South America.
Watchful, sc. gunboat, Lieut.-Com. J. H. Whitshed, 1854.
Waterloo, 120, Vice-Admiral Hon. W. Gordon, Capt. Lord
F. H Kerr, 1852, Sheerness.
Wellesley, 72, Captain Sup. G. Goldsmith, C.D., 1842,
Chatham.

Weser, st. gun-boat, Com. C. A. Wise, 1855, Mediterra•
nean.

Winebester, 50, Capt. T. Wilson, 1853, East Indies.
Woodcock, screw gun-boat, Lieut.• Com. 11, J. Pollard,
1855.
Wrangler, sc. gun-vessel, Lieut.-Com. J. H. Marryat, 1855,
Mediterranean.

Wye, st. tank-vessel, Mast.-Com. G. Moore, 1843, Ports.
mouth.

STATIONS OF THE BRITISH ARMY.
(From " Colburn's United Service Magazine.")

[Where two places aro mentio
which the Depot of the

ned, the last-named is that al
Regiment is stationed.]

44th Do.—Shcliffe. ; Walmer
45th Da—C. G.H.; Co!ches.
46th Do.—Corfu; Mulliugar
47th Do. - -Malta ; Fermoy
48th Da—Ditto ; ditto
49th Do.—Barbados ; Wainer
50th Do.—Belfast ; Colchester
51st Do.—Curragh; Pembke
52d. Da—Bengal ; Chatham
53d Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
54th Do. —Devtipt.; Winchsr.
55th Do.—Gibraltr;Parkhrst.
56th Do.—Curragh ; Pembke.
57th Da—Malta ; Fermoy
58th Da—New Zealand;Tem-
plemore
59th Do.—Hong Bong ; Ath-
lone
60th Do. [lst bat.]—Bengal ;
Chatham
Do. [2d bat.]—Cape of Good
Hope ; Jersey
Do. [3d bat.]—Dubin ; Jet's.
61st Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
62d Do. —N. Scotia; Birr
63d Do.—Ditto ; ditto
64th Da—Bombay ; Chatham
65th Do. —NewZealand; Tem-
plemore
66th Do. —Aldrsht. ; Wind's.
67th Do.—Plymouth; Athlne.
68th Do.—Cephalonia ; Mul-
lingar
69th Do. —Barbadoes ; Wey-
mouth (ordered home)
70th Do.—Bengal; Chatham
71st Da—Malta ; Ft. George
172 d Do.—Guernsey, for Ports-
mouth; Ft. George
72d Do. Cape of Good Hope;
Colchester
74th Da—Madras ; Chatham
75th Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
76th Do. —N w Brunsik ; Birr
77th Do. —Dublin ;Colchester
78th Do.—Bombay; Chatham
79th Do.—Canterby.; Stirling
80th Do.—Cape; Colchester
81st Da—Bengal ; Chatham
82d Do. —Portsm. for China
83d Do.—Bombay; Chatham
84th Da—Madras ; Chatham
85th Do.—C. of G. H. ; NOW"
castle-on-Tyno
86th Da—Bombay ; Chatham
87th Do.—Bengal; Chatham
88th Da—Aldersht: Temple-
more
—Cape for New Zea-
landColchester
9809tthh
Dboo ;
ortsm. for China
...r
91st Da—Corfu ; Preston
92d Do. —Gibraltar ; Ft. Geo.
93d Do.—Dover for China
94th Do.— Curragh ; Pembrk.
95th Do.—Dublin • Fermoy
96th Do. —Gibralt. ; Parkhrst.
97th Do. Aldershot; Chi-
chester
98th Do.—Sheffield; Aldersh.
99th Do.—Cork
Rifle Brigade (Ist bat.)—Al-
dershot • Winchester
Do. (2d bat. )!--Do.; do.
Do. (3d bat.)—Alder. for C.
of G. H.; Winchester
Ist W. India Regt.— Jamaica
2d Do.—Demerara
3d Do.—Jamaica
Ceylon Rifle Regt.—Ceylon
Cape M. Rifles—C. of G. H.
Royal Canadian Rifle Regt.—
Canada
St. Helena Regt.—St. Helena
Royal Newfoundland Corps—
Newfoundland
Royal Malta Fencibles—Malta
Gold Cst. Corps—Cape C. Cstl.
Military Train (Ist bat.)—Ald.
Do. (2d bat.) Curragh for
China
Do. (3d bat.)—Aldershot
Do. (4th bat.) Bristol for
Curragh
Do. (sth bat.)—Aldershot
Do. (6th bat.)—York

Ist Life Guards—Windsor
2d Do.--Regent's-park
ill. Horse Grds.---Hyde-park
Ist Dragoon Guards—Exeter
2d Do.—Dublin For Can-
-3d Do.—Dnbliu s terbury.
4th Du.—Sheffield
sth Do.—Piershill
6th Do. —Bengal; Maidstone
7th Do.—Manchester
Ist Dragoons—Dublin
2d Do.—Dublin
3d Do.—liouuslow, for
Newb.
4th Do.—Brighton
6th Do.—Shorucliffe
• 7th Hussars—Aldershot
Bth Do.—Dundalk
9th Lancers --Bpi : Maidst.
10th Hussars—Birmingham
11th Hussars—Hounslow
12th Lancers—Mdrs: Maidst.
13th Light Dragoons—Cahir
14th Do.—Bombay: Maidst.
15th Hussars --Dorchester
16th Lancers—Kilkenny
17th Do.—Dublin
Grenadier Guards [lst hat.]---
Portman Barracks
Do. [2d bat.]—Dublin
Do. [3d bat. }—Windsor
Coldstream Guards [lst bat.]
—Aldershot
Do. [2d bat.]—Wellington B.
Scots Fusilier Gds. [lst bat.]
—St.. George's Bks,
Do. [2d bat.]—Tower
Ist Foot [lst bat. ]—Curragh
Glasgow
Do. [2d Usti—Malta, for
Gib.: Glasgow
2d Do.—Cape of Good Hope;
Colchester
3d Do.—Cdrfu ; Mullingar
4th Do.—Dublin; Colchester
sth Do.—Mauritius, foe-Hong
Kong ; Preston
6th Do.—Cape ofGood Hope,
Col
7th Do.—Aldershot; Pem.
Bth Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
9th Do,—Canada; Limerick
10th Do. Bengal ; Chatham
11th Do.—N.S.W. ; Butte-
vant (ordered home)
12th Do.—[lst bat ] Tas-
mania ; Colchester
Do. [2d bat.]—Cage of Good
Hope ; Colchester
13th Do. —Cape of Good Hope;
Colchester
14th Do.—Malta ; Fermoy
15th Do.—Gibraltar; Park-
hurst (ordered home)
16th Do.—Canada; Limerick
17th Do.—Canada • Limerick
18th Do.—Curragli; Birr
19th Do.—Aldershot ; Parkst
th Do.—Aldershot ; Chich
21st Do.—Malta ; Glasgow
2232dd p3)00.
_Aplodretis•smhootut
hC, hi c hf
for
China
24th Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
25th Do.—Manches.; Preston
26th Da—Bermuda; Chatm.
27th Da—Bengal ; diitto
28th Do.—Malta; Fermoy
31st Do.—Gib. ; Ptn forrGrsib ;
29th
; aCrihu
h Chatham
30th .
32d Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
33d Do.—Mauritius; Colches.
34th Do.—Edinburg; Pakrst.
35th Do.—Bengal ; Chatham
36th Da—Jamaica; Cork (or-
dered home)
37th Do. —Ceylon ; Chatham
38th Do.—Curragh ; Fermoy
39th Do. —Canada ; Buttev.
40th Do.—N. S. W. ; Temple-
more
41st Do.— Shcliffe. ; Walmer
42d Do.—Dover ; Stirling
43d Do.—Madras ; Chatham

The payment of tea duties under the reduced scale
have already been extremely heavy. At the London.
Customhouse alone the ameuut has been 320,9001.
THE RATE OF DISCOUNT.—The Bank of England,
which during the recent shutting of the transfer books
has made its usual quarterly advances on stock at 6i
per cent., gave notice yesterday afternoon that the rate
for such advances will now be 7 per cent., and that
they will be limited to seven days. This movement was
not generally known until after business hours, when it
caused Consols to be sold at a further decline. It is,
however, precisely similar in character to that adopted
at the approach of the dividend payments in January
last. The rate of discount was then 6 per cent., and
the charge for loans on Government securities was put
up to 6i. The step might therefore have been antici-
pated. Within the last five weeks the aggregate amount
taken from the Bank on these securities has been ez-
tremely large, and now that the ostensible reason for
which the assistance was granted no longer exists, it is
right that they should be brought within a compass not
to interfere with the supplies available for regular com-
mercial operations. The Bank is not bound, either by
precedent or in any other way, to make these advances
after payment of the dividends on any terms whatever,
and supposing an anticipation to have been entertained
of the necessity of increasing the stringency of the Fs..
Fent discount arrangements, it may be presumed they
would have been withheld altogether. Whether this
will ultimately be adopted may depend probably upou
the gold movements of the present week.—Telnat.

The Orwell has arrived from Melbourne with 49,384
ounces of gold, valued at 197,5361., and the Derwent
with 16,263 ounces, valued at 65,0521.

~~~