The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 19, 1861.

AMERICA.

place themselves, in his opinion, in a very awkward position.
" There are reports that the President has sent the
Brooklyn and Harriet Lane to Charles-on with reinforce •
meats to Major Anderson. He has done no sa( h thing.
He will not do so either until an attack is made upon Fort
Sumter. Major Andersonhas informed the Pre, ident that
he has sufficient force and munitions of war for I he present,
and can defend himself from any attack wIL, h the Caro-
linians can make. Therefore the President will be in no
hurry to send reinforcements under these c'l cumstances.
"When the South Carolina Commissioners make their
report to the Governor and Convention it may change the
aspect of affairs. They were advised before they left here
by many Southern senators not to be precipitate or aggres-
sive towards the Government in their movements. They
expressed a wish and desire that matters might be adjusted
even yet.
" The whole issue now is, whether the Senate will sus-
tain the President in collecting the revenue. If they refuse
to confirm the collector whom the President has nominated,
he cannot, of course, collect the revenue. The Southern
senators intend to make the fight in the executive Session,
and they assert, with a good deal of confidence, that no col-
lector for a Southern port can be confirmed. Upon their
action hinges the whole question, and it is so regarded by
the Presidnt. If the Southern senators can hold a few
Northern democratic senators—such, for instance, as Lane,
Gwin, Bright, Fitch, and Rice—they may defeat M'lntire's
confirmation, or any other names that may be sent to the
Senate. They have determined to make the fight, and have
informed the President to that effect. They have thus far
defeated all attempts to go into an executive Session. The
Republicans will vote in a body for confirming the collec-
r."

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY.

The United States mail steamer Fulton, Captain
3. A, Wotton, arrived off Cowes at noon from New
York, with mails of the sth inst., and went on to
Havre. She brings 17 passengers for this port ;
35 passengers, 16,299 dots. in specie, and a cargo of
wheat, &c., for Havre. No specie for England.
Spoke the bark Sovereign, and ship Medway, going
into New York.

The advices by this arrival, which are two days
later than those previously to hand, are interesting
and important.
The National Fast Day, appointed by the Presi-
dent, and accordingly recommended by the Gover-
nor of the State of New York, was observed on the
4th in the city of New York by an almost universal
cessation of business. The city churches were nume-
rously attended, and sermons appropriate to the oc-
casion were preached in all the churches and
chapels.
The galleries of the United States Senate at
Washington were densely crowded again on the 3d
with people who desired to hear the conclusion of
Senator Baker's speech, and the address of Senator
Douglas on the great question of the day. Memo
rials, numerously signed by citizens of Philadelphia,
were presented by Mr. Bigler, asking the Senate to
pass the resolutions recently presented by Mr.
Crittenden, and the latter gentleman followed
with a resolution that provision be made by
law for taking the sense of the people with
reference to them. The matter was laid over for the
consideration of unfinished business, and Senator
Baker, of Oregon, proceeded to finish his speech
in reply to Senator Benjamin, of Louisiana, com-
menced on the previous day, He was followed by
Mr. Douglas, who took the position that the laws
could only be enforced by civil process, or by a
force headed by a civil officer, and that when rebel-
lion became revolution and a de facto Government
was formed then war could be declared. In the
House the proceedings of a meeting held in Jeffer-
son, Ohio, repudiating the idea of compromise and
endorsing the sentiments of Senator Wade, Hale,
and others, were referred to the Committee of
Thirty-three, after considerable opposition; Mr.
Bingham reported back from the Judiciary Com-
mittee the Bill further to provide for the collection
of duties on imports, with various amendments. It
gives the President power, whenever tho laws are
likely to be interfered with, to establish a Custom.
house in any secure place on the lend, or on board a
vessel, and the collector of the port, when such ar-
rangement is made, must have his resiaence where-
ever the Custom-house may be. The matter, by
special agreement, was to come under the head of
unfinished business on the following Tuesday. The
House, for want of a quorum, adjourned over
until the 7th inst.

At Washington the Republican members of the
House, to the number of 90, held an important
caucus on the evening of the 4th, at which a pro-
position made by Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, that the
Republicans should discourage all discussion of the
political crisis, and devote themselves altogether to
the passage of the Appropriation Bills and other
necessary legislation, was adopted. Mr. Hale, of
Pennsylvania, who is on the Crittenden Committee,
submitted a series of resolutions to the caucus,
which were concurred in by many Republicans and
opposed by others. They were to the effect that
all territory north of 36 deg. 30 min. is to be free;
that south of this line, whenever 100,000 inhabi-
tants shall form a State constitution, they shall be
admitted, with or without slavery, as the people
may determine; and that in the meantime neither
Congress nor the Territorial Legislature shall either
prohibit or exclude slavery therefrom. This pro-
position found a good many advocates. Mr. Sher-
man, of Ohio, proposed some amendments ; but,
without coming to any conclusion, they adjourned
to the followins, day.
Governor Blair,a of Michigan, in his inaugural
address, sent to the Legislature of that State on
the 4th, denies the right of secession, and says that
if, without yielding this point, it could be done, he
presumes that the country generally would be
willing to let the restless little State of South
Carolina step out. He denies that the Personal
Liberty Laws have prevented the execution of the
Fugitive Slave Law in a single instance. He is
unwilling that Michigan should comply with a
demand to repeal any of her laws when it is accom-
' paaied with threats. He recommends that the
Legislature speedily assure the country that Michi-
gan will stand by the Union, and to proffer to the
President her whole military force in its defence.
The inaugural address of Governor Jackson, of
Missouri, was delivered on the 4th. It is devoted
almost exclusively to a discussion of the national
troubles, and takes the position that Missouri must
stand by the other slavehalding States, whatever
course they may pursue—the interests of all being
identical. Missouri, however, is in favour of re-
maining in the Union so long as there is a hope of
maintaining the guarantees of the Constitution.
The Governor is opposed to coercion in any event,
but recommends the calling of a State Convention
to ascertain the will of the people.
The Florida State Convention met on the 3d and
without effecting a permanent organisation, ad-
journed to the sth at noon.
The Delaware Legislature organised at Dover on
the 2d. The Hon. H.Dickenson, the Commissioner
from Mississippi, was received on the following day
and made secession addresses to both Houses. He
was heard throughout with mingled cheers and
hisses, and subsequently a joint resolution was
adopted disapproving secession as a remedy for
existing difficulties, and disfavouring the resolu-
tions adopted by the Mississippi Legislature.
Governor Banks delivered his valedictory address
before the Massachusetts Legislature and a large
audience of citizens at the State house in Boston
on the 3d. From it we learn that the assessed value
of property in the State is 897,000,000 dots., and
that the enrolled mi!itia number upwards of
155,000 men. The Governor, after an allusion to
the Personal Liberty Law, the removal of which
from the statute-books he recommends, concludes
with an argument against the right or possibility
of peaceable secession.
One hundred prominent citizens of Philaielphia
met on the 4th, and considered a number of plans
for meeting the present national crisis. The tone
of the meeting was evidently in favour of enforcing
the laws and putting down secession by force, but
no action was taken.
We have later advices from the Pacific by the
Pony Express, which left San Francisco on the 22d
vit., and arrived. at Fort Kenney on the 3d inst.
The President's message was publshed in San Fran-
cisco on the 19th ult., having been telegraphed en-
tire—first from St. Louis to Fort Kearney to over•
take the Pony, and then from Sacramento. The
message and the proceedings of Congress, so far as
received, had increased +he anxiety in the public
mind relative to the secession movement in the
Southern States. The talk relative to a Republic
of the Pacific had been revived, but received very
little encouragement, the general sentiment being
in favour of remaining in the Union to the last.
By the Cabawba, arrived at New York, we have
dates from Havannah to Dec. 28. The continued
receipt of unfavourable news from Europe and the
United States had rendered busiaess there exceed-
ingly dull. Nothing of interest had occurred.
'rho steamship Northern Light arrived at New
York on the 4th, from the Central American and
South Pacific States. The news from New Granada
is important. Some formidable successes had been
obtained by the forces in rebellion against the Go-
vei nment. On the 19th of December Santa Marta,
which had been besieged for nearly a month, sur-
rendered, and the Federal troops, having evacuated
the town, were forwarded to Panama. The American
consular agent at Santa Marta took refuge on board
a British man-of-war that opportunely appeared in
port at the time. It was further reported that the
Government troops had suffered a defeat at a place
called the Banco, on the Magdalena River. Some
1,500 men on each, side were engaged. In the State
of Santander the Revolutionists were also reported
to have been victorious. A large body of men were
marching on the capital. From Central and South
America the news is unimportant. The Peruvian
Congress had granted extraordinary powers to the
President to make war against Bolivia, but Bolivia
declared herself capable of defending herself. Several
prisoners in Costa Rica, under sentence of banish-
ment for complicity in the late attempted revolu-
tion, had been rescued by a British man-of-war and
brought to Aspinwall.

In Washington, on the 4th, matters were rather
dull, Congress not being in Session, and the day
being generally observed in accordance with the
President's request. The most important item of
news is in reference to the efforts of the Govern-
ment to obtain and retain a proper respect for the
Federal laws and Federal authority at Charleston.
It was intimated that should the Senate confirm
the nomination of Mr. M'lntyre to the collectorship
he would, instead of going on board a man-of-war,
proceed direct to Charleston, and endeavour to
perform his duty on shore. The President, it was
thought, would nominate a marshal for the district
to accompany the collector.
Warlike movements were still reported in the
Southern States. A telegram from Mobile an-
nounces the seizure, on the morning of the 4th, of
the United States' arsenal at that place, in which
were stored 1,500 barrels of powder, 300,000 rounds
of musket cartridges, and other munitions of war,
but only six stand of arms. It was also rumoured
that Fort Morgan had been taken possession of.
Fort Pulaski, below Savannah, was occupied by
the Georgian forces on the 2d inst., by order of the
Governor. It appears also that the United States'
revenue cutter Dolphin was seized at that port, but
that Governor Brown subsequently ordered her
restoration to the Government. Meantime (says
the New York Times) another proof that the
Administration, whatever may have been its course
heretofore, now intends to enforce the Federal
laws, is to be found in au order yesterday promul-
gated at Fort Leavenworth, as coming from
General Scott, that all the available forces at that
post must hold themselves in readiness to move to
Fort M'Henry at a moment's warning.
A despatch of the 3d, from Washington, says :
" The President has returned the last communication of
the South Carolina Commissioners unopened; and he has
declined to receive anything more from them. They left
In the morning boat for Charleston.
"The Savannah forts were seized by citizens of Georgia,
at suggestions telegraphed from this city by the Georgian
delegation in Congress. The Augusta arsenal has been
some days in their possession. _ _ _

" Proininent citkens of North Carolina, on hearing the
report that troops were ordered south, called on Governor
Ellis, and demanded the seizure of the forts at Wilmington,
The demand being refused, they determined to act on their
individual responsibility, when a despatch received from the
Hon. L. O'B. Braich contradicted the report, and stopped
the movement.
"North Carolina considers her forts and arsenal within
her grasp whenever policy dictates the seizure.
" The reports that armed bands were organising to take
possession of the Capitol before the votes for President vld
Vice-President are counted, meet with credence every-
where. General Scott is actively engaged in the prepara-
tions for putting down this Jacobin mob.
" Republican members of the Senate and House have
been apprised of a contemplated assassins' attack upon
them, but are generally prepared.
" The Committee of Thirty-three met this morning and
discussed Nelson's proposition without coming to any defi-
nite conclusion. Slavery in the district was the subject
under consideration.

" It is understood among Democratic senators that the
nomination of Wlntyre as collector at Charleston shall not
be confirmed, as a Western senator declares that, if neces-
sary, he will consume every Executive session in debate in
order to defeat it.

" Intelligence was received last night that Fort Sumter
is now besieged; that all Major Anderson's communica-
tion was cut off; that Fort Moultrie has :been completely
repaired, and the guns remounted, and that everything is
in readiness to open a fire on Major Anderson. New bat-
teries are being erected around him by the Secessionists,
and every day his danger and the difficulties of reinforcing
him are increased. His frequent applications for rein-
forcements, and even the tears and prayers of his wife,
having failed to move the President, he has determined
never again to renew his request, but will perish, if he
must, in the fort. His men have bound themselves by an
oath to stand and perish vi ill) him.
" It is beyond a doubt that a committee is forming to
take forcible possession of the Government at Washington
on or before the 4th of March, but the precise time is not
yet determined.
" The above is from sources which leave no doubt of its
reliability."
A subsequent telegram denies that portion of the
above despatch relative to the besieging of Fort
Sumter, that place not having been attacked, and
all was reported quiet at Charleston on the 4th.
The following despatch of the 4th is from Wash-
ington :

" The departure, of the South Carolina Commissioners,
chrtfeel and belligerent, awakens the public mind to matters
which must follow. Pending the negotiations of these
commissioners with the President it was well understood
the following propositions had been met and considered by
the Governments of the States interested, but they were
not then known to the Government of the United States:—
" lat. That in the event of a rupture with the United
States Government, the authorities of South Carolina, in
their sovereign capacity, would immediately seize the forti-
fications and all defences of the State harbour.
" It would seem that Major Anderson had a premonition
of this determination, and acted accordingly on last Christ-
IWO night, by removino. Lis forces from a weak point to the
strongest one in the harbour of Charleston.
2d. That all forts, arsenals, dockyards, barracks, Itc.,
belonging to the United States, situate on the southern
coast, including fortifications from Cape Henry, in Virginia,
to the southernmost coast borders of Texas, should be im-
mediately seized by States troops upon the first intimation
of Government coercion upon South Carolina.
"3d. That the telegraph, railroad, and stage stations in
the interior districts should be placed under the censorship
and 'control of duly appointed State agents in their several
localities.

" 4th. That intercommunication between Southern and
Northern ports should be interdicted, so far as the intro-
duction,of articles contraband of war into Southern from
Northern States may be concerned.
"sth. The expatriation from Southern States of all
Northerners and others who do not recognise the right of
seciossion, or co-operate in the secession or co-operation
movement.

"6th. The seizure and confiscation of all goods contra-
band' of war.

"7th.:Tho confiscation of the property of non-sympa-
thisers.

"Bth. The defence of 'the State against foreign legions,
(tome from what quarter they may.
" The above programme will be followed out if the border
stat" BUatain, South Carolina in her initiative movement.
Georgia is in arms already; so are Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Texas, with the more northern of the
Southern confederacy to join them in the first flush of vic-
tory, or of decisive action on the part of the Palmetto State.
That Virginia will not be behindhand there is the best as-
surance from the border counties o
Another despatch, of the same date, says :
" Seale seven or eight persona, takers of half of the late
ten million loan authorised this Session of Congress, arrived
here from Now York yesterday. They negotiated for five
millions of the loan, at 12 per cent., and paid all of it except
3,100,000 dole., which amount comes due to-morrow. The
Bank of Commerce and the American Exchange Bank are
the largest takers. The subscribers to the loan do not wish
to ay the balance, because, they say, the Treasury Depart-
mepht is in the hands of the secessionists. If that depart-
ment is placed in the hands of the Union men they will
lend the Government what money it may want, and not
ttherwise.
"All the uenators and representatives, including seces-
sionists, have been paid their salaries up to the Ist of
January, except the South Carolina members who were
paid up to the time they left, about the 20th of 'December.
" There is nothink itdditional of importance received by
the Administration trom)the South to-day. Neither is there
any news concerning. the.talting of the forts in North
Carolina, and it; is not believed either by the Government
or the dclegatien in Congress. Governer Ellie, they aSsert,
never would sanction surf a proceeding. What a rani; or a
fow people under excitement may have done, of course, is
not known. The President cannot believe that so unwise
a measure could be recommended or tolerated by the
130attern States generally, If they should do so they would

the United States, expressly declaring, in the first 1
article, " that each State retains its sovereignty,
freedom, and independence, and every power, juris-
diction, and right which is not by this Confedera-
tion expressly delegated to the United States in
Congress assembled."
Under this Confederation the war of the Revolu-
tion was carried on, and on the 3d of September,
1783, the contest ended, and a definite troaty was
signed by Great Britain, in which she acknow-
ledged the independence of the colonies in the fol-
lowing terms:—
" Article 1. His Britannic Majesty acknowledges
the said United States—viz., New Hampshire,
Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, to be
free, sovereign, and independent States; that he
treats with them as such; and, for himself, his
heirs and successors, relinquishes all claims to the
government, property, and territorial rights of the
same and every part thereof."
Thus were established the two great principles
asserted by the colonies—namely, the right of a
State to govern itself ; and the right of a people to
abolish a Government when it becomes destructive
of the ends for which it was. instituted. And con-
current with the establishment of these principles
was the fact that each colony became and was re-
cognized by the mother country as a free, sovereign,
and independent State.
In 1787 Deputies were appointed by the Stat^3
to revise the Articles of Confederation, and on the
17th September, 1787, these Deputies recommended
for the adoption of the States the Articles of Union,
known as the Constitution of the United States.
The parties to whom tb's Constitution was sub-
mitted were the several sovereign States ; they
were to agree or disagree, and when nine of them
agreed the compact was to take effect among those
concurring, and the general Government, as the
common agent, was then to be invested with their
authority.
If only nine of the 13 States had concurred, the
other four would have remained as they then were
—separate sovereign States, independent of any of
the provisions of the Constitution. In fact, two of
the States did not accede to the Constitution until
long after it had gone into operation among the
other 11; and during that interval they each exer-
cised the functions of an independent nation.
By this Constitution certain duties were imposed
upon the several States, and the excercise of certain
of their powers was restrained, which necessarily
impelled their continued existence as sovereign
States • but, to remove all doubt, an amendment
was added, which declared that the powers not de-
legated to the netted States by the Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the
States respectively, or to the people. On the 23d
May, 1788,_South Carolina, by a Convention of her
people, passed an ordinance assenting to this Con-
stitution, and afterwards altered her Constitution
to conform herself to the obligations she had under-
taken.

this State and the other States of North
America is dissolved, and that the State of
South Carolina has resumed her position among
the nations of the world as a separate and
independent State, with full power to levy
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish
commerce, and to do all other acts and things which
independent States may of right do.

TILE UNITED STALES.

Thus was established, by compact between the
States, a Government, with defined objects and
powers, limited to the express words of the grant.
This limitation left the whole remaining mass of
power subject to the clause reserving it to the
States or the people, and rendered unnecessary
any specification of reserved rights. We hold that
the Government thus established is subject to the
two great principles asserted in the Declaration
of Independence; and we hold, further, that the
mode of its formation subjects it to a third fun-
damental principle—namely, the law of compact.
We maintain that in every compact between two
or more parties, the obligation is mutual; that
the failure of one of the contracting parties to per-
form a material part of the agreement entirely re-
leases the obligation of the other; and that where
no arbiter is provided, each party is remitted to his
own judgment to determine the fact of failure,
with all its consequences.

In the present Case that fact is established with
certainty. We assert that 14 of the States have de-
liberately refused for years past to fulfil their con-
stitutional obligations, and we refer to their own
statutes for the proof.
The Constitution of the United States, in its 4th
article, provides as follows :
" No person held to service or labour in one State
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be
discharged from such service or labour, but shall
be delivered up on claim of the pasty to whom
such service or labour may be due.

This stipulation was so material to the compact,
that without it that compact would not have been
made. The greater number of the contracting parties
held slaves, and they had previously evinced their
estimate of the value of such a stipulation by mak-
ing it a condition in the ordinance for the govern-
ment of the territory ceded by Virginia, which ob-
ligations and the laws of the general Government
have ceased to effect the objects of the constitution.
The States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New
York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Wisconsin, and lowa, have enacted laws which
either nullify the acts of Congress, or render useless
any attempt to execute them. In many of these
States the fugitive is discharged from set vice of la-
bour claimed, and in none of them has the State
Government complied with the stipulation in the
constitution. The State of New Jersey, at an early
day, passed a law in conformity with her constitu-
tional obligation ; but the current of anti-slavery
feeling has led her more recently to enact laws which
render inoperative the remedies provided by her
own laws and the laws of Congress. In the State of
New York even the right of transit for a slave has
been deniedby her tribunals; and the States of Ohio
and lowa have refused to surrender to justice fugi-
tives charged with murder, and with inciting ser-
vile insurrection in the State of Virginia. Thus the
constitutional compact has been deliberately broken
and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States,
and the consequence follows that South Carolina is
released from her obligation.
The ends for which this Constitution was framed
are declared by itself to be "to form a more perfect
union, to establish justice, insure domestic tran-
quillity, provide for the common defence, promote
the general welfare, and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our posterity."
These ends it endeavoured to accomplish by a
Federal Government, in which each State was re-
cognised as in equal, and had separate control over
its own institutions. The right of property in slaves
was recognised by giving to free persons distinct
political rights ; by giving them the right to repre-
sent, and burdening them with direct taxes for
three-fifths of their slaves ; by authorising the im-
portation of slaves for 20 years, and by stipulating
for the rendition of fugitives from labour.
We affirm that these ends, for which this Govern-
ment was instituted, have been defeated, and the
Government itself has been destructive of them by
the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those
States have assumed the right of deciding upon
the propriety of our domestic institutions, and
have denied the rights of property established in
15 of the States and recognised by the Constitutiow
they have denounced as sinful the institution of
slavery; they have permitted the open establish-
ment among them of societies the avowed object of
which is to disturb the peace and eloin the property
of the citizens of other States. They have encou-
raged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave
their homes, and those who remain have been in-
cited by emissaries, bioks, and pictures to servile
insurrection.
For 25 years this agitation has been steadily
increasing until it has now secured to its aid the
power of the common Government. Observing the
forms of the Constitution, a sectional party has
found within that article establishing the Executive
Department the means of subverting the Constitu-
tion itself. A geographical line has been drawn
across the Union, and all the States north of that
line have united in the election of a man to the high
office of President of the United States whose
opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is
to be intrusted with the administration of the com-
mon Government, because he has declared that that
" Government cannot endure permanently half slave
half free," and that the public mind must rest in the
belief that slavery is in the course of ultimate ex-
tinction.

This sectional combination for the subversion of
the Constitution has-been aided, in some of the
States, by elevating to citizenship persons who, by
the supreme law of the land,are incapable of becom-
ing citizens ; and their votes have been used to in-
augurate a new policy, hostile to the South, and
destructive of its peace and safety.
On the 4th of March next this party will take
possession of the Government. It has announced
that the South shall be excluded from the common
territory, that the Judicial tribunal shall be made
sectional, and that a war must be waged against
slavery until it shall cease throughout the United
States.

The guarantees of the Constitution will then no
longer exist ; the equal rights of the States will be
lost. The slaveholding States will no longer have
the power of self-government or self-protection, and
the 'Federal Government will have become their
enemy.
Sectional interest and animosity will deepen the
irritation, and all hope of remedy is rendered vain
by the fact that the public opinion at the North
has invested a great political error with the
sanctions of a more erroneous religious belief.

One of the most peremptory duties of journalism
is to expose insidious misrepresentations. It is not
in our power to arrest the motives which instigate
attempts at political imposture ; but we can lay
bare the cheat whenever it shows itself, and, pain-
ful as the service is, we are bound to render it as
frequently as it may be required. The glaring ab-
surdity of pretending that the stability of the Ame-
rican Union is in danger by the working of Univer-
sal Suffrage, is only equalled by the pertinacity
with which the assertion is repeated. How dense
must be the state of political ignorance on which
writers of such mis-statements rely, and how eln-
gerous it must be if such ignorance pervades any
extensive portion of the classes whose prejudices
and weaknesses are flattered by such fables, and who
naturally unite in resisting popular demands ! It
is indeed hardly credible that fictions so unlike fact
should be republished for the sake of the brief
influence they are expected to have on the unthink-
ing. One day we are told that nobody in this coun-
try wants Reform, because nobody wno already has
the franchise asks for it. Next day we are told
that to allow taxpaying householders to vote for
representatives is to Americanise our institutions.
Americanism is assumed to be identical with uni-
versal and indiscriminate democracy ; and then we
are informed, with serious air and philosophic tone,
that the fabric of American society. is about to be
rent asunder by the wild will of universal suffrage.
What can be more gratifying to the hereditary
opponent of all reform than such a string of solemn
looking slanders on the principle and practice of
popular self-rule? 111-informed and uninquiring
though he be, he clan hardly help knowing that
America is a signal illustration of the worth of
representative government, but he still likes to
be told that it is on the high road to ruin, and
wishes to believe that its approaching downfall
is the result of democracy. The people of this
country neither believe nor wish to believe in
the ruin of the great Commonwealth of their
kindred beyond the ocean ; but whatever
perils be in store for it, arising out of the schism of
the Southern States, they well know that these
perils originate, not from the application or mis-
application of the democratic principle in South
Carolina, Gcorgia, or Virginia, but conspicuously
and notoriously from its absence in those States.
The Southern States are not, and never were, demo-
cracies in any sense of the term. The simple truth
is, and it cannot be too often repeated, that Vir-
ginia, Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, and Florida
were each and all expressly founded with oligarchic
care and oligarchic aim upon an oligarchic model.
All power and privilege was concentrated in the
planter caste ; and a servile multitude was provided
by regal and aristocratic policy by whose unre-
quitted toil the governing few were to subsist.
Such as it was whe a founded by the courtier states-
men of France and England in the seventeenth
century, the system continues in the nineteenth ;
intensely oligarchical. Yet this is the system
whose sudden refusal to be any longer federatively
allied with the free polity of the North we are
gravely told is one of universal suffrage in a state
of mutiny.
It is rather strange, however, that in the same
breath menacing prognostics are held forth of the
triumph of the seceding provinces, and various
reasons are assigned for the expectation that the
Planter Confederacy about to arise will speedily
eclipse, in affluence and might, the poor Northern
remnant, in which men, regardless of their origin,
are treated as equal and free. If democratic
institutions be so fraught with suicidal ruin as
our Anti-Reformers in this country aver, what
chance can there be of a new and splendid
combination of States being formed on that foun-
dation Or if the grandeur and glory of the
Southern Union said to be now about to be formed
be so clearly discernible in the future, how can
universal suffrage be the terrible thing it is de-
picted, for are not the Planter States all governed,
as is said, thereby ? We leave the solution of
these riddles to those who have unconsciously
propounded them. Meanwhile, let us note in
passing the auguries on which the horoscope of
Southern pre-eminence is cast. By the time Texas
has been filled up and redivided into four slave
States, and Mexico has been conquered and reinocu-
lated with the love of negro driving, the stretch of
territory along the seaboard from the northernmost
point of Virginia to the westernmost shore of the
great tropical gulf, and inland across the continent
following 36 degrees of latitude, will constitute the
richest and the noblest region in the world, subject
to one form of civilised rule. Its navigable rivers,
numerous and large, its soil everywhere prolific
and in great part virgin, its seaboard almost un-
rivalled, its mineral treasures inexhaustible, and its
population—well, better say nothing about that ;
but, 'tiler all, what signifies, in the contemplation
of politicians who talk of democracies where the
few bear rule, and of universal suffrage where nine
men out of ten are not allowed to vote? We
grieve to be obliged to say that in our estimate of
the possible future of America we see, on the con-
trary, cause for the deepest anxiety as to the fate
of civilisation, social and political, in the devoted
regions whose frantic oligarchs are striving to sever
them from the wise and enlightened role founded
by Adams, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, and Jay.
For the destiny of the free North, with its intelli-
gence and industry, its wealth and invention, its
love of equal liberty, and its love of equal law,
there is no cause for fear. Inferiority of soil, sea-
board, and streams, of mineral wealth, and of moun-
tain pasture, of sweep of domain and enjoyable
climate—the vigorous, fearless, self-reliant North
can afford, with a laugh, to admit it all, and yet
feel how transcendently stronger and richer,
nobler and happier, is its place among the nations.
If permanent severance there must be, the world
will soon comprehend the difference bEtween a
compact nation of educated, free, and self- depen-
dent citizens, and a community of indolent and
insolent proprietors of land living in hourly dread
of a herd of slaves.—Daily News.

I.REL AND.

DUBLIN, FRIDAY MORNING.
THE DONEGAL MURDER.

We therefore, the people of South Carolina, by
our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing
to the Supreme Judge of the world for the recti-
tude of our intentions, have solemnly declared
that the Union heretofore existing between

The Derry Journal says
"Four or five persons, from the neighbourhood of Glen-
veagh, have been arrested on a charge of being concerned
thein ' murder of Mr. James Murray. For the last two or
three days a party of the Churchill constabulary have been
in this city, with Messrs. Dillon and Considine, stipendiary
magistrates. It is said that one of the persons engaged in
the murder has turned approver, and that, acting on th e
information thus obtained, the four or five men wer e
arrested, brought across Lough Swilly, lodged in Derry
Gaol for a time, and sent onto Lifford Gaol last night, with
an escort of constabulary. Another version is that the men
were arrested in the neighbourhood of this city. The police
seem to have ac; ed with much prudence and secrecy in
effecting the capture. 'We have heard that the approver
states that the deceased was attacked by a numerous party,
that he shot one of that. with his revolver, and that the
others then rushed on Murray, beat him to death, and threw
his body down the hill to the place where it was found. 'We
believe that the statements of the approver represent that
a widespread conspiracy existed to lake away the Scotch-
man's life."

A correspondent of the Dublin Evening Pose states
that the number of arrests made amounts to 17,and
that all the prisoners have been committed for fur-
ther examination.

•o^-..!=trriewr WIIINYMP.O
19 years of age, which made about the fifth or
sixth woman he had served the same.
-vs
BOW-STREET.—Dr. Herbert Edmund Charlet.' 7gr. D'Eyncourt inquired of the complainant
Kelly, a physician, residing and practising at what business the. defendant carried on.
The Complainant—Why, lie calls himself a
Pinner, appeal to answer a summons preferred at
intfdic al man, but when I first became acquainted
the instance of the Commissioners in Lunacy, charg-
ing him that on or about the 26th Feb., 1860, he with :him he was a hairdresser. (A laugh.)
unlawfully and wilfully received to board and lodge Mr . D'Eyncourt—What, does he carry on busi-
in his house at Pinner, the same not being a hospital ness a.s a surgeon
registered under the 8 and 9 Vict., entitled an Act Witness—Yes, he gives certificates in cases of
s,tb, and also prescribes for persons who are ill.
for the Regulation of the Cure and Treatment of de,
:11 ,so cuts corns, and attends to people's nails.
Lunatics, and not being an asylum or a house He
licensed under the said act, one Edward Brackett, a Mr.
,D'Eyncourt—Has the defendant studied
lunatic ; and that he (defendant) took charge of the medicine at any of the colleges ?
said lunatic without an order from the relatives of Witness —He was a hairdresser. He has studied
the lunatic under the form prescribed in schedule B physic, and I have studied physic with him.
of the said act, and without a medical certificate of The defendant, in answer to the charge, said the
two physicians, surgeons, or apothecaries, as last child the defendant had had was not his. The
requircd by the said act, he (defendant) being a fact was that the complainant left his house in May,
person deriving profit from the board and lodging 1859, and previous to that, for many years, he had
of the lunatic. and not being a committee appointed no connexion with her in consequence of her drunk-
by the Lord Chancellor, enness and general bad habits. After she left his
Mr. Wegslay appeared as counsel for the prose- house she formed a connexion with Mr. John
cution, being instructed by Messrs. Vandercom, Goodall, who kept her up to July, 1860. She was
Cree, and Law, for the Commissioners of Lunacy ; t,hen, by the kindness of a lady of the name of
and Mr. Best was counsel for the defence, instructed Saunders, placed in Lieut. Blackmore's Reforma-
by Messrs. Gissing and Henrick. tory a!, Ealing for a month or five weeks. He took
Mr. Wellsby called his Worship's attention to her hon:e again because she was suffering from
sections 45 and 90 of the act, requiring corn- rheumatics in her hands and feet.
pliance with the conditions indicated in the The Defem2.'lnt (to complainant)—Did you not
charge. He observed that Dr. Kelly had also commit adultery :with a man of the name of Nathan
offended by not making the returns required by in my surgery ? (A _laugh.)
the act, but this had not been set forth in the sum- Mr. D'Eyncourt said the complainant could not
mons. The Commissioners had felt themselves haveipommitted adultery as oho was not married.
under a comptlsion of duty to prosecute. A gentle- The Complainant—l swear that I have never
man named Brackett, who was unquestionably a been false to you.
lunatic, became some time in October an inmate of Defendant—What did Mr. Goodall allow you
Dr. Kelly's house. Dr. Kelly had been called upon money for ?
to produce anylicence or certificate, but he believed Complainant—He said he paid you £1 ls. per
he should be able to show that no such licence or annum for attending to his corns, and he paid I
certificate existed. Under these circumstances he was as good a doctor as you were, and he would
should ask the magistrate to send the case for fur- pay me the same. Mr. Goodall had allowed her
ther investigation elsewhere. other money, as he thought that bath she and the
Mr. W. Goodman deposed—l live at Eastwood, defendant would come together agaii2. After that
near Pinner, My wife is a relation of Mr. Edward she did live with the defendant, and he appeared
Brackett ; his cousin. By order of Dr. Carr, Mr. very fond cf the child, and used often to nurse and
Brackett was sent to a cottage in the country. fondle it, and call it " dear." (A laugh.)
After he had been there some time, we called in Other evidence having been given by police-
Dr. Kelly to visit him. He appeared so harmless constable Hughesman, 163 G, one of the warrant
that Dr. Kelly thought it was unnecessary to leave officers of the court, to the effect that the defendant
a man with him. He had some little delusions. had admitted he was the father of the children,
After speaking to Dr. Kelly, I consulted Mr. Mr. D'Eyncourt made an order for 2s. 6d. per
Brackett's father, and ultimately it was arranged week for each child that was summoned for, and
that he should go to Dr. Kelly's. He went about granted her a summons free of costs for the othbs.r
October. He was to take his female servant with child.
him. He had never been out of her custody. We
were to pay three guineas a week. He was to stay
there about three months. I know Dr. Kelly, and
have dined with him.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE—Ian. 1

Cross-examined by Mr. Best—lt was not an en •
gagement for three months. I could have removed
him at any time on giving a week's notice. But Dr.
Kelly thought that in three months he would be
recovered. I do not think he had paralysis. He did
not require assistance in walking, but he could take
any one's arm in a social way.
Mr. W. Carr, F.R.C.S.—I reside at Blackheath,
and have known Mr. Brackett for several years. I
was called in to attend him in July of last year. He
was in a state of great enervation, as if from deli-
rium tomens. I attended him up to September or
October. He then became subject to very marked
delusions. He thought that he was married to the
Queen, and that he was possessed of enormous
wealth.
Mr. Wellsby—Did he not elevate you to the
peerage ?
Witness—Yes, he called me Lord Carr. I attri-
buted his derangement to an overstrained mind. I
perceived no paralysis. He got no better, rather
worse. After a time he became so much less ex-
citable that I thought a removal to a quiet place in
the country, with a man to take care of him, would
do him good.
Cross-examined—He was not at all a confirmed
lunatic.
Mr. John Thomas Arlidge, M.R.C.S. and Phy-
sician to the West of London Hospital, deposed—l
have made brain diseases a good deal my study.
On Monday last, in pursuance of an order which I
had received from the Lord Chancellor, I went to
Pinner to visit Dr. Kelly and report on the case of
Edward Brackett. I explained to Dr. Kelly the
nature of the order, which I showed him. He said
he did not understand why I should be sent on
such an errand, as he had previous patients, and
such a requirement was never made before. He
said he was paid three guineas a week, and had
taken the patient at the particular request of his
friends. Mr. Brackett was out for a walk. On his
return, I saw him in the presence of Dr. Kelly. I
examined him. He said he had several million of
horses, for one of which he would not take £89,000.
He also said he had be.6n governor and admiral of
Bombay and commander-in-chief of all the world.
At the end of my conversation with Dr. Kelly I
said, " No question can be raised that :he is a
lunatic." He replied, " There can be no doubt of
that." I said he was there unlawfully; there ought
to be a certificate, and it should have been reported
to the Commissioners in Lunacy. He said he was
not aware that it was required by law. He said
he had received the patient for medical treatment
at the request of his friends.
Cross-examined by Mr. Best—He did not seem
excited, bat he began talking about his delusions.
In some cases, seeing a stranger might excite a
lunatic, but I do not think it was so in this case.
Mr. Martin, chief clerk in the office of the Com-
missioners of Lunacy, deposed that no licence had
been granted to Dr. Kelly for his house at Pinner,
and that no report or return had been received in
respect to Mr. Brackett.
Police .constable Buck, 25 F, one of the summon-
ing officers of this Court, produced a copy of a
notice to produce any licence or any certificate
relating to the case of Mr. Brackett. He served
that notice on Dr. Kelly by delivering it at his
house at the same time with this summons.
Mr. Best contended that there was no evidence
to show that the patient was received as a lunatic,
or that he was in a state of lunacy at the time. He
also contended that if Dr. Kelly had committed any
error, he had done so from ignorance of the law.
Mr. Henry had nothing to do with the last topic.
Mr. Best observed that there wes no complaint
of ill. treatment.
Mr: Wellsby—No, certainly not.
Mr. Henry—The charge is that Dr. Kelly has
committed a breach of the regulations, and on that
point I think there is a prima facze case. I shall
commit the defendant for trial, but admit him to
bail in two sureties of £5O each.
Mr. Best said the Commissioners might as well
have taken a turn at the poor woman who kept the
cottage. It would be a dangerous thing now to take
in a lunatic as a lodger.
Bail was then tendered and accepted, and having
entered into sureties, Dr. Kelly left the Court with
his friends.

SOUTHWARK.—FRIGIITFUL ASSAULT ON A
WIFE BT HER HUSBAND.—Edward Laudy, a power-
ful-looking man, described as a labourer, residing
in Bond-street, Lambeth, was brought up on a war-
rant by Fenmar, 227 M, charged with brutally
assaulting Catherine Laudy, his wife, and breaking
her nose in a frightful manner, so that she is unable
to leave the hospital.
Fenmar, the warrant officer of the Court, handed
to his worship a certificate from the house sur-
geon of Saint Thomas's Hospital, showing that
Catherine Laudy was confined there from a
broken nose and other wounds, and that erysi-
pelas had taken place in the head. When the
female came to this court for the warrant on Wed-
nesday she had her face covered with adhesive
plaster, and her nose was literally flattened. She
said that her husband had knocked her down and
kicked her while on the ground, without the least
provocation, and the magistrates at once placed a
warrant in his hands for execution.
Mr. W. Edwin, who appeared for the prisoner,
said he should be able to prove that the injuries
were not inflicted as stated. The complainant was
a very bad woman, and had been actually caught
by her husband in adultery.
111 r. Barcham said that the certificate of the
surgeon set forth that erysipelas had taken place,
and that the woman was unable to leave her bed,
therefore he could do nothing but remand the
prisoner.
Mr. Edwin asked his worship if he would accept
bail, as he could assure him that the prisoner was
not to blame.

LAMBETH.—EXTRAORDINARY CONDUCT OF
Two SOLDIERS.—Heury Osborn and Thomas Pin-
chin, belonging to the 2d Battalion of Military
Train, were charged before the Hon. G. C. Norton
with the following extraordinary offence :
From the testimony of many respectable trades-
men and others, it appeared that about two o'clock
in the afternoon of that day the prisoners entered a
crockery shop in the Old Kent-road, and taking up
two large earthenware pans, carried them close to
the shop of Mr. Welmans, a watchmaker and
jeweller, dropped them on the pavement, and
smashed both into several pieces. They then com-
menced throwing the fragments at the shop win-
dow of Mr. Welmans, smashing a large square of
plate-glass of the value of £lO to pieces, and scat-
tering the rich and valuable wares exhibited for
sale in all directions, and had it not been for the
prompt and kind assistance of several respectable
tradesmen in the neighbourhood in protecting the
property, the consequence to Mr. Welmans must
have been most serious. Several watches, chains,
and other property fell into the street, and might
have been left to the tender mercies of a promis-
cuous crowd that had assembled, had it not been for
the prompt attendance and protection of the neigh-
bours. While engaged in the work of destruction,
the prisoners were called to and asked what they
were about, when they laughingly replied, " Oh,
it's only a lark ;" and, in fact, treated the whole
matter as an excellent joke. On their way to this
court from the station-house, the prisoner Osborn
asked the constable if he thought the square they
had broken was worth £lO, when he replied that
that was the value set down in the police•sheet, and
Osborn continued, " Well, if we had broken the
one in the City that we intended, and which was
twice as large, I wonder what that would have
been."

Mr. Burcham considered that as erysipelas had
set in there might be danger, therefore he should
not accept bail under any circumstances. The pri-
soner must be remanded until Thursday next.

CLERKENWELL.— SINGULAR AFFILIATION
CASE.—Mr. Samuel Elijah Hardinge, who carries
on business as a surgeon and dentist in the City-
road, appeared before Mr. D'Eyncourt to answer
three summonses which had been taken out against
him by Catherine Tomkins, of No. 40, Ironmonger-
street, St. Luke's, to show cause why he should not
be adjudged the putative father of three bastard
children to which she had given birth.
The complainant stated that she became ac-
quainted with the defendant about ten years since,
and a short time afterwards they cohabited together
as man and wife. She left him when she was two
months pregnant with her last child in consequence
of his ill-usage, although she could not say that he
was a very bad father to her children. After the
birth of her last child the defendant asked her to
go back and live with him again, and she did so in
May last. The defendant induced her afterwards
to take another lodging, and, as he did not visit
her, she was compelled to take this course. He
was now cohabiting with a young woman about

Mr. Welmans was not in attendance, and was
from home at the time of the occurrence; but the
person from whom he had taken the shop and busi-
ness a short time ago was present, and estimated
the damage and losses at £2OO.
In reply to a question from the magistrate,
The constable and witnesses said the prisoners
appeared perfectly sober at the time they acted in
so extraordinary a manner.
The prisoners, who seemed to treat the matter
with the utmost nonchalance, and smiled as if they
had committed a meritorious act, refused to put any
questions to the witnesses, or offer a single word in
defence. Having what appeared to be a "prison
crop" they were asked if they had not been to pri-
son lately, and acknowledged that they had been
to Maidston Gaol, and had left their barracks at
Woolwich at ten o'clock that morning without
leave.
They were remanded to a future day.

WESTMINSTER. LAMENTABLE AFFAIR.—
About a fortnight ago a very respectable looking
poor man entreated the magistrate's advice respect-
ing his daughter, a girl of fourteen, who was con-
tinually robbing him. He said he was a widower,
with a large family of younger children, and the
daughter of whom he complained, instead of being
the assistance she might be to him, if a well con-
ducted girl, had formed bad acquaintances, and was
a constant source of pain and anxiety to him.
Mr. Arnold expressed his deep regret at what
he had heard, and suggested a reformatory, in
which, if eligible for admission, she might probably
be reclaimed.
The girl, whose name is Elizabeth Sibley, now
appeared on the police-sheet charged with stealing
a set of fireirons and a pillow from her father's
house, while he was pursuing his avocation abroad.
He felt no moral doubt that she had purloined
them, but was Not in a position to support the
charge by the necessary legal evidence. He again
complained of her repeated acts of dishonesty, and
said he had made application at the reformatory
mentioned, but was not in a condition to give satis-
factory information upon the question of whether
his daughter was a prostitute or not.
Mr. Arnold deeply commiserated the unfortu-
nate father, and said that with respect to the
charge against ber of stealing the articles there
was very little doubt of her guilt, but in the
absence of the necessary evidence he must dis-
charge her.