The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-02 00:00:00

tic people, Soldier and Champion of Germany, his
breastplate shining in the sun, his right hand
bearing aloft the tricoloured banner of Germany's
glorious Fatherland !

who make a papal reign so hateful to every true
liberal in Europe, can share none of the pity which
the poor old POPE piously, and, to profane ears, I
ludicrously, bewailing in the Vatican, elicits by his
honest sorrows. On his ministers all Europe,as well as
the Romans, looks as the wolves in sheep's clothing
—wolves, indeed, whom the clothing fits so scantily
that none but the PorE himself is deceived in them
One deed, known to all the world, has made them
the execration of all Christian and civilised society.
ANTONELLI and his accursed clique can never be
even thought of evermore but as ordained, as
clerical fiends, all the worse compared with the
BOURBONS of Naples, of Messina, and of Palermo'
by their shameless assumption of pastoral titles.
How is it that Pius IX. has never learned the
true character of the Perugian devilry of his ser-
vants ? Could we suppose him to be privy to it, we
should pray that he might be hurled from his
throne at once; but if he does not, what a pitiable
plight for the Head of Roman Catholic Christendom
to be in, that while deeming his rule a Theocracy
—a vice-Divine rule—his servants should be
furnished him from the bottomless pit.
It is this melancholy, and to his own soul, poor
man, blissful ignorance, which makes his Allocu-
tions on temporal matters create more than a smile.
All without see things as they are. He sees them
in some sentimental form, in which he innocently
speaks of them to the laughing world as realities.
Numbers of sympathisers of course he has. Birth,
education, temperament, party, will provide them
for almost any cause, especially when it is
personified by almost feminine virtue. But
in the broad daylight of human life, it will not do.
Even a VICTORIA, were she served by Perugian
butchers, and persisted in retaining them, would,
doubtless, with many tender regrets, be sent after
our JAMES 11. When we hear him, in secret con-
sistory, begin thus—" Venerable Brothers,—The
Church, from its origin, assailed by fierce and con-
tinual tempests, is in our day the sad object of the
attacks of enemies so great and so numerous that
their hatred, long since existing, their rage, swollen
to its height, appear to be let loose all entire
against our Pontificate"—our blood boils within
us at this blasphemy against the early Church, till
we recollect that it is the blasphemy of ignorance.
The good old Bishop has little idea that the
" hatred and rage" against the Popedoni are
aroused by those very things done in its name
which the primitive Church would have branded
as " the works of the Devil." And, indeed, that
not the Pontificate, though an office wholly un-
know n to primitive Church History, but the
wordly appendages, ambition, and cruelty which
characterise it, are the sole cause of all the
" hatred." Let the professed representative of St.
PETER be as emulous of representing St. PETER in
his temporalities as he is desirous to appropriate
the spiritual powers he attributes to St. PETER,
and the Popedom would peacefully enjoy the
homage of all who love it.

The EMPEROR'S policy—he tells the world—is
Peace. It was the formal intimation made yester-
day upon the Jour de l' An—an intimation addressed
by his MAJESTY to the assembled Ambassadors, It
is the wish of France says NAPOLEON 111. And
while so speaking—with a very admirable con-
sistency the Imperial ruler of France, with these
words of Peace upon his lips, has the whole land
under his sway bristling with bayonets, has every
dockyard and arsenal in his empire ringing still
with the note of preparation.
Nothing should hide from us the fact—not even
the benignant words uttered yesterday by the
supreme master of 36,000,000 Frenchmen, the
sovereign commander of an army of 600,000 war-
riors in the highest state of discipline, and of a
maritime force second only to that of Great Britain
—nothing, not even, we repeat, those blandly
encouraging assurances from our Imperial Ally
across the Channel, should close our eyes to the
recognition of the wholly indisputable truth that
1861 opens ominously with all kinds of sinister
portents of War in Europe. It is not that these
evil auguries are drawn, according to the popular
phrase from a little cloud no bigger than a man's
hand, emerging dimly from one particular point
of the horizon. The whole political atmosphere is
charged with electricity, and sombrely darkening to
the view as we look abroad at the commencement of
this present January, north, south, east,
and west, over Christendom. Whatever the French
Emperor may say now in words of such honeyed
suavity—his acts throughout have spoken, they still
speak a language, in regard to the future, altogether
differently. " Wiser in his generation' than those
amiable sentences addressed by him yesterday to
the European Envoys would, if alone taken into
account, seem to indicate—his Imperial Majesty
regulates his military, his maritime, and his diplo-
matic departments upon the probability, or, at any
rate, upon the possibility, of a general war in
Christendom. Hence it is that—with this dire
contingency kept continually within her view—
France, under the auspices of the Moderator of
Revolution and the Regulator of Europe, retains
yet an army firmly planted still, after a twelve
years' occupation, in Central Italy, planted there at
Rome, in greater force than ever, upon the covetted
rov arm of the looked-for Italian kingdom, whether
it be GARIBALDI, or MAZZINI, or CAVOUR, or
VICTOR EMMANUEL that the Italians themselves
may select for their Archimedes ! Hence is it, also,
that France, under the like guidance of NAPO-
LEON'S duplex Policy—a Policy of Peace in Words
and of War in Action—has contrived to plant
another army firmly upon the borders of Asia
Minor, upon the pretext of avenging upon the
Druses of the Lebanon the murder of the Maro-
nites—but manifestly, in truth, to be there at hand
whenever the occasion shall at length arise for
interference upon another emergency, for prompt
and vigorous interposition upon another and
a far grander catastrophe. The occupation
of Syria by French soldiers, the occupation of
Rome by French soldiers—behold two facts there
indicated, two simple facts that speak far more
trumpet-tongued in regard to the immediate Future,
in regard to the prospects of 1861, than any words
addressed yesterday to the Envoys of Europe by

One sentence in the Allocution has somewhat
puzzled us—that which seems to speak of the
Druses as influenced, like the King of SARDINIA
we presume:he means, by the doctrines of the
Reformation :—" In fact," he says, " we have to
deplore the invasion of perverse doctrine which
—sprung from the principles of the disastrous
Reformation—has acquired almost the force of
public law, on the one hand by the perversity of
impious men, who proclaim themselves the sons of
the Church, and whom we must call the sons of
darkness—and, on the other hand, by the fury of
the Pagans, which, in the lands of the East,
has burst forth with such vehemence as to cause
the massacre and extermination of the faithful."
We suppose he means the doctrine, that the tem-
poral government of states is better intrusted to
civilians than to clerics.
That this is the doctrine he deems so perverse
and befitting " impious men" and sons of dark-
ness, we gather from his lamentations over the
refusal of the Chambers of the Duchy of Baden to
accept the Concordat, whiCh their over-religious
or over-Romish Duke had negotiated for them,
and substituted for it a law which is, in the
" highest degree, contrary to • the liberty of the
Church." He then adds, " This state:of things, as we
know, is the result of the false doctrine of the Pro-
testants, who think that the Church is a sort of
corporation (collegium) existing in civil society,
enjoying no right with the exception of those which
are granted to it by the civil power. But who does
not understand how much such a conception differs
from the truth? In reality the Church has been
instituted by its Divine Founder as a true and per-
fect society, which is not circumscribed by the
boundaries of any State, or subject to any civil
power, and which exercises its power freely, and for
the salvation of men, in all quarters of the world."
Now, we beg to remind his Holiness that he is
perfectly at liberty, at any moment, to realise for
the Church of Rome the ideal of which he speaks.
Nothing stands in his way but his temporalities.
Some Churches which he thinks heretical do, in
this point at least, attain to precisely what he
describes; but it is by having nothing to do with
temporal rule, nor with concordats, nor 'with rights
granted by the civil powers, but by simply accept-
ing the civil protection granted by the State to all

the Imperial Master of those notable armaments.

It is in respect to the Italian question—it is
in reference to the imminent disruption of the
Turkish Power in Europe—that 1861 appears to he
so ominous of War among the nations of Christen-
dom. The sick man at Constantinople threaten-
ing now to prove, very speedily, sick even
unto death. Physicians have long been in
♦ain in his instance—those political' physicians
whose diplomas have been gained in Diplomacy !
Even the San Grados who have kept him so
long in hot water, and have let blood so freely,

in obedience to the dictates of their implic

faith in the exceeding efficacy of their skill
as phlebotomists, even they are one and all
Wiled in their desperate endeavours to ward off
the fast-coming dissolution. Before much longer
the last hour of the sick man must, in the order of
nature, have struck : and after the death will come
the division of the property. With a view to all
which probabilities NAPOLEON• 111. has adroitly
contrived for his soldiers this convenient Maronito
plea, for a Syrian occupation. His Imperial MAJESTY
with equal forethought having persisted in the
occupation of the Eternal City itself until this
present moment—keeping there that standing
ground in the midst of the Peninsular arena that
may again become the battle field between the

Austrian armies and the Italian population. Recol-
lecting merely those two isolated incidents, the
Roman occupation and the Syrian occupation by
the armies of NAPOLEON 111. we are disposed to
attach but a very moderate significance to the
pacific assurance addressed yesterday by the lips of his
Imperial MAJESTY to the assembled ambassadors of
Christendom. Mote particulrrly are we led so to
do, when through the words of Peace spoken by
the French EMPEROR, come resounding to us the
sullen tread of his armies still moving to and fro
upon the soil of France, to the end that they may
yet sustain and even increase their already high
state of efficiency—and when, through that sullen
tread of the warlike legions of this most Pacific
Sovereign, there still comes also echoed to us
from the shores of his empire, that yet more
ominous sound already referred to, the ringing,
from all the dockyards and arsenals of France, of
the busy note of preparation !

The Heidi of the Roman Catholic Church is in
deep affliction. The good man, for the man all
who have had any opportunity of knowing him
pronounce to be good, is suffering the greatest
trials goodness can endure. As a private Christian
he might grieve to see another, of a very different
stamp to himself, so hustled by the temporal
powers in respect of the temporalities of the pope_
dom, which, by the most unaccountable logic or
blindness to facts, he believes to be a gift of Heaven
to the Bishop of Rome. But to be, himself, the
Bishop, and to feel his kingdom of this Ns orld
dropping away
by inches—rather, as he would say,
torn away by unclean dogs, polluted with Pro-
testant notions on
e this
haveparticular subject—must be
every reason to think
anguish indeed.
Pio Non° less ambitious than most of his prede-
cessors, but for that very reason what with them
was matter of pure ambition, with him is matter of
religious faith and love. All the stories of the
odiousness and badness of clerical government he
either totally disbelieves, or believes them to be
the corrupt notions of corrupted sheep, whom even
the proximity of the Chief Shepherd has not
taught the blessing of living under the infallible
and Heavenly Viceroyalty. What Protestants may
smile at, as they write or read it, is with him
matter of as unquestioning a faith as that of the
first disciples in an entirely unearthly kingdom.
But with the good old monk, elevated to the
Arch-Pastorate of Roman Catholicism, all of us
terminate our respect for the Government of
Rome. His Prime Minister and his other servants

its peaceful subjects. The Free Church in Scot-
land is such a Church ; it threw overboard its tem.
poralities when the State claimed authority based
upon them. The Dissenting Churches of England
are in the same position ; so are all the churches
in America, the Roman Catholic Church included,
and• the Catholic Church in England and Ireland
too. Pius IX. is a very simple-minded man. Can
no enlightened Catholic gain his ear, and whisper
to him the words—" Be POPE only, and be free."
Some things lead us to think that the Alton lien
must be his own only. Would the astute Perugian
savage have advised him to deign to notice the
pamphlet which invites Louis NAPOLEON to follow
the example of all other European Sovereigns, and
proclaim himself Pope of the French Church ?
And would he have allowed him to use as an ar-
gument what every child would see to be simple
assertion, that the unity of the Church could only
be a unity under the See of Rome ! The nineteenth
century will certainly not accept the word of the
POPE for an assertion, which would lay all the
world at his feet. Perhaps, however, these asser-
tions, and the quotations from a number of worthy
old fathers, whose knowledge, and that of all the cen-
turies since, we possess—who were babes compared
with us—perhaps they are all meant, in fact as well
as form, for the faithful ; they, however, little need

them. We cannot, however, follow the POPE
through all his sighs and groans—his lamentations
over persecutions suffered by Roman Catholics,
which are light to those inflicted by Popery on the
soil of Italy itself; throughout Spain also, France,
ana Austria—his grief that people are everywhere
taking education, marriage, &c., into their own
lay hands—and an endless story of Papal sorrows
over what Englishmen would call the beginnings
of religious liberty. Educated Europe has outgrown
all this as it has outgrown the BOURBONS. What
indeed can be hoped from the Papacy when, un-
taught by all the past, its confidence lies in shut-
ting out the light—when in the 60th year of the
19th century the avowed head of the Church can
Behold the end of these translations of

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EN-ENING, JANUARY 2, 1861

the sacred books,everywhere scattered to corrupt the
faith." Papal Catholicism must learn to stand the
light of the Bible and of free discussion, or it will
soon be a thing of the past.

MR. W. J. Fox, M.P.—We understand that in
in consequence of continued ill-health, Mr. W. J. Fox con-
templates retiring from parliameniary life before the open-
ing of next session.
Mr. Deputy Dakin was yesterday elected alder-
man of Candlewick Ward, in the room of Sir G. Carroll,
deceased.

In the case of the British, Colonial, and Foreign
Sugar Company, winding up in tie Court of Chancery, a
dividend of ss. in the pound is new payable to the creditors
at the offices of Messrs. Harding, Pulloin, and Co.

CURIOUS PIIENO3IENON.—The Strathearn Herald
reports a curious and interesting phenomenon in the his-
tory of fish as observable in the great glass cabinet of the
Ochtertyre ice—many of the trolt and perch being frozen
into the ice covering. It is probable that they were dead
before being thus entombed.

LIVERPOOL MERCANTILE MARINE ASSOCIATION.
—The monthly meeting of this association was held yes-
terday. A resolution expressive of regret at the removal
of Captain Mends, R.N., C.B.,from Liverpool, and of re-
spect for his talent and merits es an officer and a gentleman,
was unanimously adopted.

The Right Hon. the Lori Mayor has kindly con-
sented to preside at the annual dinner in support of the
funds of the Royal Free Hospital, Gray's-inn-road, to take
place at the Freemasons' Tavern in the early part of the
year.

In the Paris corn.marke during the past week
prices have been firm. The four marks of flour were
quoted at 64f. the sack of 157 {Hos. ; wheat at 37f.50c. the
hectolitre and a half ; rye, 22f, 50c. the 115 kilos. ; barley,
20f. 50c. the 100 kilos. ; and otts, 32f. 50c. the 150 kilos.

The United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Com-
pany, which is rapidly perfecting its system, has secured
the services of Mr. IV. Andrews as general manager and
secretary. Mr. Andrews has been connected with tele-
graph companies about eight years, at one time as general
and commercial manager, and for some years as engineer of
the Submarine Company.
The weather at Paris continues soft and mild,
and rain fell last evening. A similar change has taken
place in the provinces, the frost generally disappeared ; and
the rivers which had been rapidly rising have either stopped
short in their upward movement or began to subside. The
Seine at Paris has ceased to rise.

The crowd in the streets of Paris yesterday after-
noon presented a most animated spectacle, every one hurry-
ing along as if the fate of the empire depended on his haste,
and nearly every other person being the bearer of some
toy or present. The bonbon manufacturers could scarcely
supply the demands, and every shop that sold small objects
of good taste and not of high price was well attended. The
petty dealers along the boulevards also seemed to drive a
good trade. Towards evening the rain thinned the streets.

PRICE or GOLD.—The quotation of gold at Paris
is about 1 per mile premium, and the :short exchange on
London is 25.16 per £ sterling. On comparing these rates
with the English mint price of £3 17s. 101 d. per ounce for
standard gold, it appears that gold is about 2-10ths
per cent. dearer in Paris than London. By advices
from Hamburg the price of gold is 424 per mark ; the short
exchange on London is 13.4 per £ sterling. Standard gold
at the English mint price is, therefore, about 2-10ths per
cent. dearer in Hamburg than in London. The course of
exchange at New York on London for bills at sixty days'
sight is 100 to 102 per cent., at which rate there is a profit
on sending gold:to the 'United States.
TURF NEWS FROM CIIANTILLY.—A law proceed-
ing is now pending between M. Benoist and M. Paul
Autpont, concerning the celebrated filly Capucino. The

DEATH OF THE KING OF
PRUSSIA.

W ~~. ~.~~\~~~~w~~ar

former asserts that ho is hor sole proprietor, and demands
a right to take her out of Spreoty's stables at his pleasure,
it being his wish, it is believed, to sell her to Count de

Lagrange. The first claim the plaintiff has laid—that the

mare shall be placed in Mr. T. Carter's stables during the
litigation—has been rejected by the President of the

Tribunal at Sonlis.—Count de Lagrange has sold the
Zouave to the French Government, on dit, for £1,000; and
M. Delamarre has sold Cagliostro to the Belgian Govern-
ment.—M. Desmasons, the late trainer to M. deVauteaux,
has succeeded C. Green as private trainer to M. Verry, of
Bordeaux.—C. Brown has terminated his engagement as
first jockey to Baron Daru, and returns to England.
THE LIFE OF A CRAB.—The crustaceans also—

the crabs and lobsters, the shrimps and prawns and cray-
fish—are met with either exclusively in the neighbourhood
of land or in some of those great masses of seaweed that
float in open water in the mid-Atlantic. Crustaceans are
very curious animals. Commencing life with a head pre-
posterously large in proportion to its size, the young crab
emerges from the egg with a long forked tail but no body,
and occupies its time in turning head over heels till it casts
its first covering and alters its proportions. The true and
recognisable crab does :not, however, even then appear;
this singular form being at last elaborated after a series of
changes and transformations which can only he likened to
those of a pantomime. Of the crabs, some occupy their own
mansions, which they leave periodically as their substance
increases and requires larger accommodation; while others,

not constructing houses for themselves, occupy shells which
they self° for the occasion, and which would seem suitable
enough if one may judge from the tenacity with which the
tenant retains possession.—All the Year Round.
UNEXPECTED REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF
INDIA SuAwLs.—lntending purchasers of India shawls will
be pleased to hear of tho possibility of obtaining a real Cash
mere at an important reduction in price. The recent half-
yearly sale of Cashmeres was remarkable for being disad-
vantageous to importers. Although the number of lots
put up far exceeded those of any sale on record, the prices,
without any apparent cause, ranged considerably lower
than usual. A few London buyers, taking advantage of
the reduction in price, seemed particularly animated in
their biddings. Some of the most important lots of fine
shawls were knocked down to Messrs. Farmer and Rogers,
of Regent-street, whose purchases were evidently on a
very large scale, and quite consistent with the reputation
of their house for India goods. The increasing patronage
bestowed upon Cashmere shawls cannot fail to give an im-
petus to the general trade that must, in a short time, ren-
der shawls of every description as popular with English
ladies as they have been for so many years with Parisian
fashionables.
A GALE.--SIIIELDS, Now Year's Day.-1860
terminated its existence in these northern parts as it began,
in a howling tempest of wind and snow and sleet from
E.S.E. Seamen have had to experience a bitter night upon
the North Sea, and the aspect of the ocean from Tynomouth
Point this morning is frightful, a fierce sea having raised a

wall of foam along the whole line of the Northumberland
coast. During Sunday and yesterday a number of laden
coll'ers running before the gale being unable to take the
port were obliged to make for the shelter of Leith Roads.
The London and Leith steamships are in harbour. One of
the steamships belonging to the General Steam Navigation
Company, which left here on Saturday, attempted to got
round Flamborough Head on Sunday, but was beat back by
the gale, and had to put into the Tyno again. All has been
made fast in this harbour for the ice and " freshets" which
may be expected to come down from the upper reaches of
the Tyne. The Industrie, of the Tees, ashore at Sunder-
land, is reported to be a wreck. A new barque, belonging
Mr. Douthwaite, of South Shields, has had a narrow escape
from destructiqn as she was being towed round from the

building yard at Blyth. At daybreak on Sunday a largo
vessel, which proved to be her, was observed off Blyth, close
to the edge of the broken water. She was within a hair's
breadth of destruction, when three steamboats got to her
assistance, and brought her into the Tyne.

THE THAW IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES.—in

consequence of the sudden thaw en Sunday, the marshes
have been flooded, in some places to a considerable depth,
by the large quantity of water that has come down
the country. On Monday the Ouse had risen so high
that the water entered some of the houses in the Cliffs.
On Monday morning, the line of railway between Lewes
and Uckfield was flooded to such an extent that the
trains could not proceed for some hours ; some portion of
the lino being washed away. With the promptness that on
all occasions characterises the officials of the London,

Brighton, and South Coast Railway Company, measures
were atonce taken to render the delay as short as possible,
and a ballast train was able to get through about half-past
11. The ordinary passenger traffic was resumed at 1 o'clock.
In the previous part of the morning the through passengers
were sent on by cabs and flys.—Sussex Advertiser.
BLOCKED UP IN THE SNOW.---A letter from
Boulogne, dated Dec. 31, states that on account of the vast
accumulations of snow, several of the trains from Paris had
been 30 hours beyond the appointed time on the route; and
that two duo on the evening of the 29th were blocked up the
whole night near Staples, as also the express train which

left Boulogne on the 29th, with 69 passengers, drawn by
three locomotives. Provisions were sent to the snow-bound
travellers from Boulogne. On the 30th the thaw set in
and the next day communications were re-opened as usual.
TIIE GRAIN MOVEMENT.—The statistics of the
grain movement are of pressing importance, from their intl..
mate bearing upon the state of eur money market. We find
that the imports of wheat in November were 988,024 qrs.,
against 327,278 in November, 1859, and 273,602 in Novem-
ber, 1858. The mere increase in the imports of wheat on
the month, as compared with last year, makes a difference
of about one and three-quarters millions sterling in the
general balance of trade as between England and foreign
countries. The quantity of flour imported in the month
was 515,148 cwts., against 174,111 last year, showing like-
wise a great increase. For the eleven months the imports
of wheat have been:5,015,236 qrs., against 3,729,316 qrs.
last year. The difference against us on the eleven months'
transactions in wheat is not less than £3,800,000. The
eleven months' imports of flour have risen from
3,130,937 cwts. in 1859 to 4,327,639 cwts. in the present
year. And, as the great bulk of the increase, both as re-
gards wheat and flour, is from the United States, the
adverse balance is, not difficult ,of explanation.—Xoney
Market Remy.

,
T 1.4 t) WS.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
BERLIN, WEDNESDAY.
King Frederick William IV. expired at 12.40
a.m. to-day at Sans Souci.