The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-11 00:00:00

THE KINGDOM OF IT4LI'.

The following correspondence respecting :the
assumption by King Victor Emmanuel of the title
of King of Italy has been received :

" THE MARQUIS D'AqGLIO TO LORD J. RUSSELL.
1141#DREs, le 19 Mars, 1861.
"My Lord, Le't'irilement National vient de
voter, et le Roi, mon auguste Souverain, a sane.

tionne la loi en vertu de laquelle sa Majeste Victor
Emmanuel 11. assum pour lui et pour ses, suc-
cesseurs le titre de Roi d'ltalie.'

" La legalite constittitionnelle a consacre ainsi
l'ceuvre de justice qui a rendu elle•meme.
" Des ce jour l'ltalie affirme hautement en face
du monde sa propre existence.

•
" Elle proclaim solennellement le droit qui lu.i
appartient d'être libre et independante, droit qu'elle
a soutenue zur le champ de bataille et dans lee

conseils europeens.
" L'Angleterre, qui alit', et qui doit, sa prosperite
a l'application des mOmes principes qui nous
guident, verra avec faveur, j'en Buis convaincu, se
constitue officiellement, et se faire connaitre en
Europe une nationalite a laquelle le peuple du
Royaume Uni a temoigne des genereuses sympa-
thies. _

" Je suis chargee Or le Gouvernetnent du Roi de
notifier officiellement cot evenemcnt memorable a
votre excellence en sa qualite de Principal Secre-
taire d'Etat pour les Affaires Etrangeres de sa
Majeste la Reine du Royaume Uni de la Grande
Bretagne et d'lrlande.

" Ce grand fait a une importance quo votre ex-
cellence appreciera facilement. L'experience du
passe me permet d'esperer que la communication
que j'ai l'honneur de lui faire lui causera, ainsi qu'
a sea colle'gues la meme satisfaction que j'ai a la lui
addresser.—Je prie,
(Signe), "V. E. D'AZEGLIO."
(Itlation.)
ondon, March 19, 1861.

" My Lord,—The National Parliament has voted,
and the King, my auguSt Sovereign, has sanctioned,
the law by virtue of which his Majesty Victor
Emmanuel 11. assumea,for himself and for his suc-
cessors the title of King of Italy.'
" Thus constitutional legality has hallowed the
work of justice which Xas restored Italy to herself,
"From this day forward Italy asserts loudly in
the face of the world her individual existence.
She solemnly proclaims the right which belongs to
her to be free and independent—a right which she
has supported on the fields of battle and in the
councils of Europe.

" England, who has owed, and who owes, her
prosperity to the application of the same principles
that guide us, will, I am convinced, see with favour
a nationality, towards which the people of the
United Kingdom have manifested such generous
sympathies, constitute itself in an official manner,
and obtain its recogn,itien in Europe.
" I am charged by the King's Government to
notify officially this memorable event to your et.
cellency in your quality of Principal Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs of her Majesty the Queen
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land.

" This great fact has an importance which your
excellency will readily appreciate. The experience
of the past permits me to hope that the communi-
cation which I have the honour to make to you will
occasion to your excellency, as well as to your col-
leagues, the same satj4faction that I have in ad-
dressing it to you.--T , sze.,

(Signed) 15t,41-7.- "V. E. D'AZEGLIO."

" LORD J. RUSSELL TO THE MARQUIS D'A ZEGLIO.
" FOREIGN-OFFICE, March 30, 1861.
" M. le Marquis,—l have had the honour to
receive your letter of thn 19th inst., informing me
that the National Pavliament has voted, and the
King, your august Sovereign, has sanctioned, a law
by virtue of which his Majesty Victor Emmanuel
11. assumes for himself and for his successors the
title of ' King of Italy.'
" Having laid your communication before her
Majesty the Queen, I am commanded to state to

you that her Majesty, acting on the principle of
respecting the independence of the nations of
Europe, will receive you as the Envoy of Victor
Emmanuel 11., King of Italy.
" Corresponding instructions will be given to Sir
James Hudson, her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary
at the Court of Turin.

" I request you, M. le Marquis, to accept the
assurances of my highest consideration.—l have,
&c, (Signed) "J. RUSSELL."

" LORD J. RUSSELL TO SIR J. HUDSON.
" FOREIGN•OFFICE, April 1, 1861.
" Sir,---I transmit to you herewith a copy of a
letter from the Marquis d'Azeglio, announcing that
the National Parliament has voted, and the King
sanctioned, a law in virtue of which his Majesty
Victor Emmanuel 11. assumes for himself and his
successors the title of King of Italy,' and also a
copy of my reply, stating that the Queen would
receive him as Envoy of Victor Emmanuel IL,
King of Italy.'

" No new credentials will be required by you.,
I am, &c. (Signed) "J. RUSSELL."

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

A correspondent of a contemporary, who signs
himself " One Who Has Served Under Him,"
writes thus :—Just at the moment when every one
had become tranquillised about the formidable year
of 1861 warlike rumours arrive from Italy—move-
ments of Austrian troops on one side of the
Mincio and Po, and corresponding movements of
Italians on the other side. The Austrians first
withdrew their troops from the Ultra-Mincio dis-
trict, and then reoccupy it again and move down
large bodies of men into Venetia; Cialdini, on the
other hand, takes the command of two corps
d'armee and establishes his line along the Po ;
General Benedek harangues his officers and tells
them that the time for the decisive struggle has
come, and that they must be prepared to serve
without pay and live like private soldiers. On
the other hand, gatherings of Garibaldians are
talked of in the frontier towns towards Austria,
and Garibaldi himself appears all of a sudden at
Turin. Both Austria and Italy had given most
tranquillising assurances about their pacific inten-
tions, and yet both seem preparing for a struggle.
It is as if the first rays of the warm spring sun
were exercising again their exciting influence on
the blood of mankind and were overruling the calm
decisions taken during a long frosty i inter.
But although the fact of these warlike prepara-
tions admits of no doubt, it has not been made as
yet clear from which side the first impulse to these
warlike preparations proceeds. As in 1859, each
of the two parties accuses its adversary, and
claims the right of self-defence against a possible
aggression. There can be little doubt that both
hate each other more than ever neighbours did,
that either would have little hesitation to attack
the other, if it could do so with some chance of
success.

The chances at this moment are entirely in
favour of Austria and against Italy. The union
of Southern Italy has been hitherto rather a
source of weakness than strength to the nation,
and instead of having doubled his army the new
King of Italy has fewer soldiers at his disposal
for immediate warfare than last autumn, when he
entered the Roman provinces. The unpopularity
of the Italian cause with a large and influential
portion of the French people has been clearly enough
shown in the recent debates, and it would be a
hopeless task even for the Emperor Napoleon to
drag France into a war caused by an aggression on
the part of Italy. A couple of days ago the Hun-
garian Diet met with the view to make another
last attempt to come to a compromise with the
dynasty. Can Italy expect to be seconded at this
moment on that side?

Thus every consideration on the part of Italy is
for putting off the decisive struggle. To consoli-
date the internal organisation, to develope the mili-
tary resources of the country, and to wait for the
result of the negotiations in Hungary,—time is all
in favour of Italy.
It is fatal to Austria. It is madness to wait till

Italy is consolidated and her army raised to double
its present number. What better moment can
there be chosen for an attack than while there are
negotiations carried on with the Hungarians ? A
bold attack with 200,000 men would soon bring
the Austrians to Milan and Turin. There is quite
that number of troops in and about Venetia.
Genera] Benedek is just the man for a bold plan,
and when once this object is accomplished the
Hungarians can be more easily disposed of.
The only difficulty is to find a justification, or
rather a pretext for such an attack, which other-
wise might bring in the French troops again.
The pretext is found. All over Lombardy Aus-
trian agents are busy buying up the conges of Gari-
baldians, the price given being about 300 f. (about
£l2) for each of them. Once a sufficient number of
these conges bought up, and others manufactured, a
corresponding number of men can be easily put in
red shirts and be made to attack. Thus Austria
will have the right to retaliate; the conges will be
held up to the world, the principle of non-interven-
tion invoked, and an Austrian army will re-enter
Italy.
The stratagem is so much the more plausible as
at this very moment heated imaginations are
frightening themselves and others by attributing
the movements in the Herzegovina to a descent of
Garibaldians, and constru'ing it into the first be-
ginning of a great scheme for revolutionising all
Europe, when a moment's reflection might show
the absurdity of this first stratagem which comes
through the Austrian telegraphs in the Adriatic.
Garibaldians don't exist without Garibaldi ; he
is the soul, the animating spirit; it is his prudence
which makes an army of a number of untrained and
undisciplined youths. Who ever heard of Garibaldi
as second in the fight ?—and yet Garibaldians are
said to be attacking in the Herzegovina, while he
has only just come up to Turin to fight the battle
of his companions against the sweeping measures
of the War Department.

With this example before the world, and the
buying up of Garibaldian conga going on in Lom-
bardy, a word of warning against a two ready belief
in Garibaldian movements may not be superfluous,
especially as the true test of the reality of a Gari-
baldian expedition can be easily obtained. When
some day your readers hear of a new crusade of
Italian youth, and the telegraph announces Gari-
baldi's arrival amoung them, then they may be
sure that a Garibaldian expedition is at hand—but
not till then.

IRIS DAY'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, April 11.—Wind this day at noon, N.E. ;
light breeze, and very fine.
HuLL, April 10.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—John Geddes,
from New York.

DEAL, April 11.—Wind N.E,—Arrived—Bremen, (s.),
from Bremen, for New York.
PORTSMOUTH, April 10.—Wind N.E. to S.—Sailed—
John Howard, for Quebec; itanni, for Genoa.
DARTMOUTH, April 10.—Wind E.—Sailed—With of
the Wave, for Guadaloupe ; Margaret, for Quebec ;
Amanda, for Gibraltar.
PLYMOUTH, April 10.—Sailed—Camden, for Quebec ;
Belmont, for Quebec.
OFF PLYMOUTH, April 10.—Arrived—Renown, from
Calcutta.
FALMOUTH, April 10.—Sailed—Feronia, for Quebec;
Fontaine, for Antwerp.