The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-17 00:00:00

Dobrs open at hall past 6—Commenee at 7,

of New York itself, are already showing that they
know how to take advantage of the facilities offered
them for evading the Morrill Tariff (the Immoral
Tafiff they call it) by the lowered duties of the
South. They have contrived, it would seem, not
only to send goods, as was expected, up the Mis-
sissippi, and so smuggle them into the North, but
to have them consigned to the South, pay the low
duties there, and then deal with them as goods
which were shipped from one part of the Union to
another ! Protection is indeed caught in its own
net.

The Lord Chancellor last evening, upon moving
the second reading of the Bankruptcy and Insol-
vency Bill, gave a masterly reBume of the whole
history of that portion of our jurisprudence. Be-
ginning with an admirably lucid explanation of
the relative position cccupied in regard to each
other by debtor and creditor according to the
action of the Common Law of England, Lord CAMP-
BELL reminded the house that by the Common
Law of England no distinction whatever was
drawn between trader and non-trader, between
bankrupt and insolvent. He recalled to recollection
the fact that according to the operation of the
Common Law no remedy at all, no reparation or
compensation of any kind was afforded to the
creditor until—having brought his action—he had
duly received judgment. Then, but then only,
upon having obtained that judgment, he might levy
execution against the lands and tenements, against
the goods and chattels, against the very person of
the creditor—but nothing of all this could he do
until he had regularly and pro forma received his
judgment. As to the debtor himself the Lord
Chancellor explained to the house how, having
had an action brought against him, who having been
arrested and imprisoned, he might, under the
ruthless regime of the old Common Law of England
—like the man in the Gospel, "until he had
paid the uttermost farthing that was due from him
to his creditor"—be subjected to the appalling
penalty of perpetual imprisonment ! Having ex-
pounded all this in regard to the dire action of
old of the Common Law of England in all cases of
bankruptcy and insolvency, Lord CAMPBELL
traced out in rapid sequence the several modifica-
tions and mitigations of the laws relating to Bank-
ruptcy from the Act 34th HENRY VIII., down to
the 13th VICTORIA. According to that first-men-
tioned Act of Parliament, traders were, for the
first time, rendered liable to be made bankrupt,
supposing that, having obtained the goods of others,
they made away with the property, or fled the
country, or concealed themselves. Even then,
however, under that Act of Parliament,
the debtor upon having been arrested and
incarcerated, upon having had the whole
of his property confiscated and distributed among
his creditors, still remained cruelly liable for the
debts he might have contracted and not yet satis-
fied. Eyen after the 13th ELIZABETH, when the
law of Bankruptcy was somewhat further amended,
the debtor retained that frightful liability to his
creditors—a liability clinging to him like the taint
of some inerradicable leprosy—the creditor (in no
way satisfied with the seizure of the entire amount
of his debtor's property) still possessing the right
of subjecting the body of the doomed debtor to the
woeful penalty of perpetual imprisonment.
It was only, in fact, as recently as the 4th ANNE
that the law in this particular became somewhat
more merciful. Then for the first time was it
enacted that, supposing it to have been clearly
proven that the debtor had fairly and honestly
surrendered to Ms creditors the whole of his pro-
perty, without any reservation whatever, after
that property of his had been duly delivered up for
distribution amongst his creditors, his body should
be released from incarceration, and he should then
be discharged in full from any liabilities for debts
of any kind theretofore contracted. The protection
thus afforded to him by the Act 4th ANNE, against
any action for all byegone debts whatsoever, being
afforded to him in the shape of what was termed a
certificate of conformity. Although long after-
wards, more than a whole century afterwards,
by the 6th GEORGE IV. the Bankruptcy Law
was consolidated by a Bill which was ripened into a
comprehensive enactment under the auspices of Lord
HENLEY, that act was to all intents and purposes
nothing more than an act of consolidation. This state
of things being left still in a plight so lamentable,
both in its chaotic uncertainty and in its reckless
extravagance of expenditure in arranging the
contest between debtor and creditor, that—but we
will let Lord CAMPBELL speak here for himself
" In the first place," he remarked, '• there was a
patentee of bankruptcy, who received for doing
nothing about £B,OOO a year from the property
that ought to have been distributed among the
creditors. There was no harm in the Bankruptcy
Court being self-supporting; he thought the estate
of the bankrupt ought to contribute to the expense
of the bankruptcy, but this patenteeship was an

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor........ C. Morton.
A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,
(This opera has never been produced in this or any other
country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
cided success which charactise., the most popular works of
this great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
MENTO, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department oomprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAL—Morning, sh. 54m.—Afternoon, 6h. 20m,
To-moaßow.-Morning, 6h. 48m.—Afternoon, 7h. 24m

THII WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, APRIL 17, 1861,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADB.
58—highest since noon yesterday.
39—lowest this morning and during the night.
53—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.36, falling.
WlND—South-Easterly—light; with fine weather.

4-41?
. ,
• -

THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNE SDAY, APRIL 17, 1861

President LINCOLN is not all concession. Sur-
rounded by hundreds, we may say thousands of
place-hunters, he can dare to remind Americans of
one of their favourite Presidents, the determined
JACKSON. He has just shown them, on an other-
wise small matter, how he would probably have
dealt with the Secession gentry had he been in
BucHANAN's place ; and we have no doubt the
same style of thing would, then, have been as suc-
cessful as Jacksonism was with Carolina in the
days of nullification. The story, and it is
attested by many witnesses, is, that a dele-
gation from California, a State which re-
mains with decision in the Union, came
to him to complain that he was so
much influenced in his appointments for that State
by Senator BAKER. A paper was read reflecting
severely on Mr. BAKER, and on his motives in his
recommendations. The PRESIDENT heard all ; be
then informed the delegation that he did not enter
into personal controversies; that he did not credit
the aspersions on Mr. BAKER, whom he had known
for five-and-twenty years; and, to conclude the
matter, he calmly destroyed the document and threw
the scraps into the fire, with an admonition on some
neglected proprieties, which caused the delegation
to withdraw with no intention of renewing the in-
terview.
Mr. SEWARD'S policy seems, however, to be that
which inspires the measures of the Administration,
and his is the very reverse of the JACKSON policy.
It will probably prevail, as it would be long ere the
North could collect its strength for war, and there
is n a great part of the States considerable repug-
nance to civil bloodshed. On the other hand, there
is some danger of the inaction of the Government
alienating its more energetic supporters ; Connec-
ticut, which last time threw its whole strength
into the Republican cause, has at a recent elec-
tion lost at least two, to the Democrats, out
of four, which is attributed entirely to
dissatisfaction at the want of firmness, as
they term it, of the Government. The PRESI-
DENT, for instance, is willing to support an equit-
able Fugitive Slave Law—but the North asks, if
we are to be made to respect the laws, why is the
South to go on openly defying them ? "If we of
the North," they say, " can be constitutionally
coerced into the catching of runaway negroes, why
should not the Secessionists be constitutionally
coerced into the minding of the laws ? That's the
question to which we are not likely to receive any
answer."

enormous abuse. But there were other sinecures

with regard to the judicial system by which the

law was administered.. Strange to say, in the

The North is becoming less and less disposed to
ow to Southern terms—it sees that the South
prefers separation. " What can be done," asks the
Boston correspondent of the Morning Post, " with
men who have no desire for peace ? The Seces-
eionists daily proclaim their intention never to
consent to a re-construction, while in the North
public sentiment is becoming less and less inclined
to submit to any terms that would be accept.
able even to the border States. What
would be the use of making an arrangement, men
ask of themselves and of one another, when any
dissatisfied or defeated party would only have to
eay it would not submit to this or that law, for the
Government to come to an end. At this moment
the laws of the nation are of no more consequence
in 12 or 15 States, including the seceded States,
than they are in the Fejee group. Any attempt to
enforce those laws in Virginia would be as unsuc-
cessful as it would be if made in Georgia."

London district there were 70 judges, who went by
the name of the Septuagint. There was no qualifi-

cation required from them ; there were 70 of
them, to each of whom a commission was

assigr ed." In regard to this monstrous absurdity
of the Septuagint, our present Lord High Chan-

cellar indulged the House of Peers last Evening
with the subjoined amusing little autobiographic
revelation—an anecdote that we trust may not be
overlooked by the future continuator of his
own literary masterpiece, the SMOLLETT to his
HUME as Historian of England's Lord High Chan-
cellors. " He, himself," Lord CAMPBELL acknow-
ledged to the House yesterday, " was a candidate
to become one of the Septuagint the moment
he was called to the bar, and he had
the promise from the then Lord Chancellor
that he should be appointed, not from any
merit that he could boast of, but because his father
had been at school and college with the then Lord

I The writer is ashamed of the position of the
North ; lays the fault of the existing state of things
on the timidity of the Administration, and thinks
the people will cease to respect it through u
tion of cowardice. " Just so long (he says) assthsi P-
ere
shall 1,
ue no attempt made to enforce the laws in the
Bouthere States that have riot formally seceded,
just so long will peace be there maintained, but no
longer.
position is a singularly disgraceful
one, we being a sort of Lower Empire, which has
gone down all at,
once, and without having known
the process of decay
We are not to love what-
ever of satisfaction there
is in biting as we (lie.
While Italy become 3 a ..
are still a
_ °", and the Pules show
that they
people, and ii is for a grand stroggle, We are, ungarY Is pre-
le, to all seeming,
as mac') bound to Nstruction ab, .
who shoal.' f t ink; .lie current of Niagara ba 4 m'a
to
kooaxra rot 50
feet from the Fells. If we are
tion, it must bo as sutificn and as unacomiu 14mI.
t,Thle in

Chancellor. It so happened that before a vacancy
arose All the Talents were turned out, and he was

one of the Septuagint." _ Yet, monstrous though

the whole system was as it then stood in the Lon-
don district under the incubus of the bankruptcy

law as then administered by the ruinous and do

nothing, and wholly incompetent Septuagint—the

matter was actually "much worse," Lord CAMPBELL
tells us, with regard to the country districts. In the

London districts, it is true that a very considerable

its origin as our humiliation."

It turns out, as we expeetd, that the Government
at Washington does deeply feel the conduct of
Spain in relying on its weakness for impunity, in
its filibustering attnek on St. Domingo, and is
likely to get into a vigorous dinlorn Vie war at least,
with Spain, over the business. The merchants, too,

part of the estates of the bankrupts came to
be consumed in mere litigation before one pass-

no thought apparently was vouchsafed to the un

fortunate creditors—but in the country, according

to Lord CAMPBELL, in the country the estate of the
bankrupt was like a strimdcd vessel, like some ill-

fated derelict, fallen upon, battoned upon, and

clean devoured by Cornish Wreckers.

"The com-

mis.sioners therm," said Lord CAMPBELL (there, in
country districts), " were appointed by the
solicitors ; and the solicitor having appointed the
commissioner, the commissioner taxed the bill of
the solicitor. The abuses that took place were
almost incredible. He had been informed by a gen-
tleman at the bar who had sat upon a country com-
mission of bankruptcy, that on one occasion, after
they had met, they
amused themselves in a

TilE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING; APRIL 17, 1861.

where these institutions are established, will be
called upon to provide the necessary funds for their
maintenance ; the Bulgarians and members of the
orthodox Church in orthodox dioceses contributing
also thereto. The course of studies rill be set
forth in a programme furnished by the High
Church.

614. The surveillance over these institutions shall
be entrusted to the Archbishop of the diocese, and
to a fixed council, composed of the clergy and
laity, possessing a sufficient knowledge of theologi-
cal subjects.

"5. In all the Bulgarian colleges, the principal
studies shall be those of language and philology, in
conformity with the principles of our holy religion,
and our duties towards the Imperial Government.
" 6. The Archbishop and the Council shall oc-
cupy themselves with the details of the service of
the schools, the election of the professors, and of
any infringements of the regulations.
" 7. Two Bulgarian Archbishops shall take part,
as formerly, every two years in the Holy Synod,
in the election of the (Ecumenical Patriarch.
" 8. Bulgarian youths shall be received as for-
merly, in the theological school of Halki, to pursue
their studies.

"9. The powers of the Archbishops and Bishops
of Bulgaria, shall be regulated by a special decree.
" 10. Bulgarian noblemen resident in Constan-
tinople shall be received as members of the
communal assembly, and other national institu-
tions.

" 11. An institution for secular instruction shall
be instituted within the circumscription of the
Bulgarian Church at Constantinople, for the edu-
cation of the Bulgarian youth. It shall be directed
by a council of native noblemen under the surveil-
lance of the High Church.
" 12. Patriarchal letters, and other ecclesiastical
communications, addressed to purely Bulgarian
dioceses, shall be written in the Bulgarian language.
" 13. The High Church will endeavour as an
invariable rule to hear favourably the petitions
which may be addressed to it, and to give a
favourable reply to matters which may be brought
under its notice on the part of the Bulgarians.
" 14. The High Church will hasten, if the cir-
cumstances of the case should so demand, eccle-
siastical inquiries into the conduct of Archbishops,
Bishops, Priests, and Professors, and will as an
invariable rule reform the abuses, and correct the
imperfections which shall be pointed Gut."

THE BRAZIL F.

LISBON, APRIL 15.

The Messageries Imperiales Company's steamer
Navarre arrived here at 12.30 p.m. to-day, with
62,000 f. in specie, and diamonds to the value of
98,000 f.

The Navarre arrived at Pernambuco on the 31s
of March.

At Rio on the 25th of March exchange on Lon-
don was quoted 26 to 26/ ; on Paris, 362 to 368.
Coffee, good first, was quoted 6,000 reis to 6,100
reis. Shipments since departure of last mai1,84,000
bales, including 21,100 for the Channel. Stock,
50,000 bags.

At Bahia exchange on London was quoted 26!;.
Cotton, 8,000 reis to 7,200 reis ; sugars, whites,
2,300 reis to 2,600 reis ; browns, 2,100 reis to 2,200
reis per arroba.

Exchange on London at Pernambuco was quoted
261. Sugar was quoted 2,400 rein per arroba.

THE DUG D'AUMALE'S PAMPHLET.

The following passage from the " Lettre sur
l'Histoire de France," by the Due D'Aumale, refers
to the request which the late Prince Jerome, when
in Paris in 1847, with his son Prince Napoleon,
addressed to Louis Philippe for a pension and a
jpeerage :
" Yes! I can understand your anger when you
think of the revolution of February. Had that re-
-I.olution broken out but a few months later, it would
have found your father in the Chamber of Peers,
s.nd provided with a handsome endowment with
r eversion to yourself. Have you by chance fur-
gotten the steps taken by King Jerome and your-
s elf, and their success, in 1847—the favour accorded
t o you to return to France, whence the law had
t ianished you ; and the kind reception you met with
s.t St. Cloud? Why, among the ushers who now
e.rowd the antechambers of the Emperor you might
v ecognise the very men who introduced you to the
I: rivate room of Louis Philippe when you went to
t hank him for his goodness to you and to solicit
iew favours. Open the Army List, look at the
ztames of the generals on the retired list. You will
find there the name of the aide-de-camp of that
same king who was charged in 1830 with receiv-
ing in Paris Queen Hortense and her son, now your
Emperor. The King had certainly violated the
lltw by permitting your aunt to return to France,
a nd, what is worse, had done so without the know-
lf ?Age of his Ministers. I believe it is the only un-
oonstitutional act he can be reproached with. But
there are a few details which are worth mention-
ing. The day after the King of the French gave
audience to Queen Hortense a Cabinet Council was
held.. What news, gentlemen ?' said the King as
he took his seat, 'Very serious news, Sire,' answered
Maxshal Soult ; I know for certain, from the re-
por is of the gendarmerie, that the Duchess of St.
Leu (Queen Hortense, mother of the Emperor
Napoleon III.) and her son have passed through the
South of France.' The King 'Sire,' said M.
Casimir Perier, 'I can complete the information which
the Marshal has just given you. Not only has
Qtnen Hortense passed through the South of
France, but she is now in Paris, and your Majesty
received her yesterday.' You are so well in-
formed, my dear Minister,' said the King, that
you do not allow me time to tell you any-
thing.' But I, Sire, have something more to tell
you. Did not the Duchess of St. Leu present ex-
ewes in the name of her son, who was obliged to
keep his room in consequence of indisposition ? '
' She did.' Well, then, Sire, do not feel uneasy
about him ;he is not ill. At the very moment
yoar Majesty was receiving the mother the son
war; holding a conference with the chief leaders of
the. Republican party, and seeking Nr ith them the
best means of overthrowing your throne.' Louis
Philippe took no account of this information; but,
the intrigues continuing, the Minister, who was a
little more independent than those who now
explain so clearly to the Chambers the inten-
tions of your cousin, took upon himself to put
an end to the visit to Paris of Queen Hortense
and her son. As I write, the wrongs you
have suffered from the House of Orleans crowd
on my memory. There is one of the maxims of your
Government, an essential maxim, which Louis
Philippe was too good natured to have applied.
Should Legitimists,' you said, or exalted Repub-
licans, attempt with 1,000 or 1,500 men a descent
on our coasts we should well and beautifully shoot
them.' Now, it so happens that, under the Govern-
ment of July, there was an incursion at Strasburg
and there was a descent at Boulogne, but there was
no one shot. A grave fault, no doubt. Well, then,
the Orleanists are incorrigible ; and had they to
begin again I verily believe they would be as cle-
ment as ever. But, as for the Bon apartes, when the
question is one of shooting, they certainly keep
their word ; and, Prince, of all the promises that
you and yours have made, or could make, that is
the only one on the execution of which I should
count.'"

THE BRIGHTON PRESENTATION TO
GAI?IBALDI.

The following communications relating to the
watch lately sent from Brighton to General Gari-
baldi, purchased by the penny subscriptions of
17,00 persons, have been received :

To Mr. W. Coninghara, M.P.
Turin, April 11, 1861.
Be pleased to express my feelings of great grati-
tude to the English workmen—to which good and
laborious class lam proud to belong—for the veil-
able gift which' hey have transmitted to me through
you. I knew that the hour of Italian nationality
was. marked on the dial-plate of time. But observing
that: in my own country many denied this, because
the coumels of the foreigner, and dastardly fears,
would have it so, it is a great comfort to me to find
that .hour indicated by the watch that the people of
Brighton have given to me. With the greatest re-
gard.," I subscribe myself, yours, and ever yours,
(Signed) G. GARIBALDI.

To William Coningham, E•q., M.P.
Turin, April 11, 1861.
'y dear Sir,—l have but a moment to say that
the General almost wept with emotion when I told
hirn that " 17,000 people" had sent him the watch,
saying, " It is too good for me, and too much kind-
ness on their part." He hopes you will excuse his
not writing the whole letter himself, as he is ill in
bed, but it was written word for word at his dicta-
tion, and is signed by him,—Very truly your most
obedient servant,
(Signed) War, BE ROHAN, Capt. A.D.C.