The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-20 00:00:00

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There is something extremely peculiar about the
Princes of the House of Savoy—a rare blending of
the loftiest dignity and the easiest affabilityin their
dealing with strangers ; a strange, almost magnetic
power of fascination, with a strong disinclination
to exercise it. Those who have known Charles
Albert only at a distance, or who judge him from
his inconsistent and wavering policy, can scarcely
believe the enthusiastic description his intimates
give of his consummate address, of his stately and
courteous, but irresistibly winning demeanour. The
present King is acknowledged by all who know him
as a pattern of all gentle behaviour, in spite of his
somewhat uncouth exterior and ultra-soldierly
bearing. But the Princes of Savoy seem to shrink
from society with a shyness proportionate to the
very talents which would fit them to adorn it.
Theirs is that royalty which never makes itself
c‘lll;ea
i tnpi
isop ; they
btge uorr
;o
hr ye
daaffectn
Lorraine;
some
overbearing o ft
they
suhey ec such
dd
oe bourgeons
spnpoooltit.esmeiafn
ggtehlneetaffabilityhouseby incognito
sud-
denly ao
with the people of the lo wer classes, intent upon
learning their grievances and astounding a wicked
yerhooartdsiers, blasting the subject with the mere
n go f openthe their
Grand
Mastershipan d showing
w ing
their
suddenness of the revelation of their exalted rank.
N rlthalw
kt hoo g 1
hethe Princes of Savoy are, generally speaking,
solitary spirits. They are the heirs and representa-
tives of a dynasty many members of which sought
in the cloisters a refuge against the inanities of
regal splendour, of a race of Royal monks, saints,
and popes, who made of Hautecombe or Superga a
palace and a tomb at the same time. With an ab-
dication to boast of at every three or four genera-
tions, the Savoy Princes usually showed themselves
as ready to resign power as they were eager to
attain and extend it. 'Their longing was for
action and strife, not for enjoyment ; and the
sublimest fruits of ambition turned to ashes in their
, mouth sooner than in that of any other mortal
race. I had often occasion to observe how Victor
Emmanuel's triumphal progress through Central
Italy last year, and his entrance into Naples and
Palermo thia year, made the good King tar more
uncomfortable than the hottkt fire at -Palestro and
Solferino. He bears himself with a good grace
when duty bids him, but he is never so happy as
when he walks alone or with a few friendsovith,hia
double-barrelled gun on his shoulders, it *Fide
sportsman about the woods of Pollenziv Tits cousin
the Prince of Carignano's tastes are more those of a
student and dilettante, but be is no less disinclined
to show himselfin public, and be doubtleos thinks
that what with six months at Florence and three
at Naples he has sufficiently sacrificed himself for
the good of the country.
THE HUNGARIAN QUESTION.

PRICE 41). STAMPED, SD.

ethdeeniceldergythatthmaant aywoafktehnes
clergyram ne becomingnehooffdifferent
the
independent
denominations
It
o cannot
privately and pub-
licly done all they could to prevent the
intelligent
alarm.
enr
aa t
otohf s
have
Essays and Reviews
being read ; an old clerical practice that has in time always
dfaoilned, t .r
eaTdh eit. s, a yT,
h"ethfaeebtbook
th isadt ainf gaetrhoourso,ahlgm! of infidelity,
layman read and mastered thehook, and selected some half
dozen points to take to his clergyman for explanation—for
grounds of opposition—or for grounds of defence, the
clergyman, in a large majority of cases, would be compelled
to make excuse. He is not read up in theology to grapple
with these questions. He has been going on in a quiet
way, believing what the Church believes, and settling all
difficulties by compounding with them. He does not want
to be troubled. After what the bishops have done, he got
the Essays and Reviews, and began to read them ; but it
was of no use ; his usual reading and writing are quite un-
like them. He has been accustomed to "reading and writ.
ing made easy," and his habits of thought, as well as his
social habits, prevent him grappling with the masterly treat-
ment of the topics in the Essays and Reviews. He does not
want to be disturbed. And when any of his congregation
come to him he says " don't disturb yourselves about them.
Even the bishops have condemned them, and therefore
they must be bad." With these sentiments and habits we
have no sympathy. We adopt the Scriptural principle:
Buy the truth, and sell it not. That is, make every sacri-
fice to obtain it, and when you have got it, never part with
it for error, nor sell it for fine gold.

But it may be said that if the Bible be not infallible what
are we to do ? Be assured that there is enough that is
infallible in the Bible for you and for me, without our
attempting to grasp at every word of it. All truth is from
God, both in the book of nature and the book of revelation,
and all truth is from one and the same God : the Father of

liPtr the- fottntaizt of wisdom and the God of love. As in
the works-a God you .lalioni 'after the truth,, so also you
must labour in the Scriptures m truth; Melt have com-
mitted errors—priests have perverted religious truth: Jesus
tells us they had done it in his day : the Reformers tell us
they had done it in their day, and we all know and feel
that what they have done has sent its influence down to our

day, to say nothing of what is being done in the present
time. Let it have a place in your mind—that all truth is
infallible, and all truth is from Qod. Personally,—to my-

self it is infallibly true " that there is (in the words of the
Ist article of the Church of England) but one living and
true God, everlasting, without body parts or passions ; of
infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, the maker and pre-
server of all things visible and invisible,"—and that. God
so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that

whosoever believeth in him should not perishbut have ever-
lasting life. lam grateful for and I give the heartiest wel-

come to the truth taught by the Apostle Paul, " that all
things are of God, who bath reconciled us to himself by

(From La Passe.)
The addresses voted by the two chambers of the
Austrian Parliament have singularly aggravated
the already threatening situation of Hungary. In
his opening speech Francis Joseph signified his
firm resolution to maintain the unity of the empire.
The bearing of this declaration was clear ; the
cabinet of Vienna wished to make use of the united
representation as a legal instrument for the coercion
of dissentients, and thus, by means of the deputies,
to render the provinces dependent on, and responsi-
ble to, the government. The plan has succeeded, but
it remains to be seen whether the government will
have any long enjoyment of its success. Hun-
gary at present finds herself between these two
alternatives; either she must confess herself
conquered by sending her deputies to the Coun-
cil of the Empire, or else she must remain firm
in her resistance, although the other nationalities
may reproach her for compromising the new liberal
institutions by so doing. This antagonism may
have terrible consequences, and it is important to
obtain a precise idea of their nature.
Should the Hungarians consent to send their de-
puties to Vienna, Austria would at one blow obtain
what she has been vainly:seeking for 300 years, i.e.,
the union, or rather the amalgamation of Hungary
with the rest of the empire. That is the real ques-
tion, which is misrepresented on the one side, un-
consciously, by those who do not well understand
it, and on-the other, wilfully, by those who wish to
obscure it. By now withdrawing from the struggle
the Hungarians would betray the cause which has
been handed down to them as an heirloom by their
ancestors, and for which their most illustrious chiefs
have died gloriously in exile, in battle, or on the
scaffold.

Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of recon-

ciliation." I receive with pleasure the grand andennobling
doctrine of ancient Judaism, confirmed and expounded
by Jesus, that we are to love the Lord our God with all
our heart, with all our soul, and with all our strength ;
and I feel bound by the deepest gratitude and admira-
tion to love the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and in truth.
The practi.of doing justly, loving mercy, and walking
humbly with God must commend itself to your heart as
powerfully as it does to my own. Truth of all kinds, and
especially all truth bearing on the moral and spiritual nature
of man; on his duties here in all the relationships he sus-
tains ; and on his future life, I value as one of the greatest
treasures possessed by mankind. And that I should love
my neighbour; that I should love mankind, and be inte-
rested in their welfare, I consider to bo one of the plainest
lessons set before us; and that we shall all live for ever;
that we shall be judged as the Scriptures say, every man
according to his works, and that that judgment v ill be con-
ducted by a just and merciful God, all these and much more
I steadfastly believe : but I do not believe in Jewish fables,
• copied from apocryphal Jewish books, such as that the sun
and moon stood still for a whole day; or, that it came to
pass by the way, in THE INN, that the Lord met Moses and
sought to kill him. Nor do I believe that anyone was In-
spired by the Holy Spirit to bless God and extol Jael, the
wife of Heber the Kenite, for treacherously receiving and
then murdering Sisera in the hour of his flight from the
field of battle. I cannot believe such things; I have too
much reverence for the Being who made me to believe such
tales. God is incapable of error, of falsehood, of cruelty, and
he could never do what he has strictly forbidden his crea-
tures to avoid and shun. Nor do I believe that Jesus Christ
is coming in 1867; nor that the Jews will return to Jeru-
salem ; rebuild the Temple—re-organi• e and re-establish
Judaism—restore the sacrifices of bulls and goats—burn the
heifer to ashes and set aside Christianity and supersede Jesus
as the Saviour of mankind. Other persons may believe what
I do not believe, and it will never alter my respect for them,
nor interrupt my association with them : but it is the
moral or the immoral life that determines character, and
that society has to do with. As to intellectual opinions, he
alone who holds them is responsible ; if we think them
wrong, we may, in all kindness, logically try and set him
right ; if we cannot do it, and are assured of his honesty,
it is a libel upon human nature in any way to punish him
for his speculations or his faith.

The repeated attacks of Austria on the ancient
constitution of Hungary produced the insurrections
of Bocskai, of Bet hien, of Tokoli, of George and
Francis Rakoczy, and that of 1848 49. In all these
insurrections, except the last, victory remained with
the Hungarians, and numerous treaties, especially
those of Vienna, in 1606; of Nicolsburg, in 1622;
of Presburg, in 1629 ; of Linz, in 1645, and of Szath-
mar, in 1711, have recognised the autonomy of the
kingdom of Hungary, whose independence under
Rudolf and Maximilian was even guaranteed by the
hereditary provinces. That independence was con-
secrated afresh by the Pragmatic Sanction, in virtue
of which the crown of Hungary, hereditary in the
Hapsburg family since 1686, became so even in the
female line from 1723. Considered historically and
from the treaty point of view the resistance of Hun-
gary, then, is perfectly unimpeachable ; it is no
less so from a legal point of view.
The Hungarians invoke the laws of April 11,
1848, the last voted by the Diet, sanctioned by the
King, recognised by the whole nation ; all that the
Austrian Government may have done subsequently
to these laws, especially the decrees of Oct. 20,
1860, and Feb. 21, 1861, they reject as illegal and
Imacceptable. What they require simply, and in
conformity with their ancient constitution, is the
" personal union" with the Emperor, on the follow-
ing conditions; the political and territorial reunion
of the provinces already annexed to the crown of
St. Stephen ; equality of all the citizens before the
law, without distinction of religion or nationality ;
recall of all the banished; restitution of confiscated
property; nomination of an Hungarian ministry,
separate and responsible ; application of Art. 12 of
the Constitution of 1848, which places the armed
forces in the hands of the nation ; a separate bud-
get ; lastly, the refusal to recognise the Aulic
Chancery, and to send their 85 deputies to the
Council of the Empire. Such, according to M.
Deak's clear and forcible exposition of them in his
address, are the preliminary conditions of which
the Diet should exact the strict fulfilment.
The principle of the "personal union" does not
indeed satisfy all the Hungarians ; many of them,
and those not the least considerable for ability,
influence, and service, aspire to a more radical
solution, i.e., to the complete separation of Hun-
gary and Austria. But if parties are divided as
to the future, they have only one feeling and one
voice, first as demanding the re-establishment of
the state of things in force in 1848, and next, as to
rejecting the decrees published at Vienna in
1860 and 1861. From the first, the Magyars have
unanimously adopted the programme of M. Deak,
and now, so far from admitting that that pro-
gramme can undergo any restriction, they wish on
the contrary to enlarge it by the democratical
principles introduced into tht constitution of 1848.
The situation, then, is very clear, and admits of
no doubt or hesitation on either side. The Austrian
government pronounce definitely. It must either
grant the just and legal demands of Hungary ors
dissolve the Diet. In the former case it depriavne,
itself of the resources it derives from Hungary and
,it
dissatisfies the party of union ;
inne looks
able insurreciton. From whatever sidedn
0 , an one full
dooms itself to suppress bforce
at the matter it is a violent P
°sit' difficult for the
of dangers, and it will be very e
itself without
Austrian Government to extricate
laceration.
t friends of the Hungarians
Among the sincerest friends
with pain, or rather
there are some who see
with anxiety, advancingceng
di resistance, They dread,
absolute and
causeunaaa a liberty, a struggle whose
consequences
Unfortunately, the Hungarians,
for the common incalculable; they ask if it would
cousequences
are incalculable;
more
not have been .
prudent, to give greater
• ht to considerations of opportunity than to the
weight .
• cies of strict legality--that •
anin itlheost inevit-
able
is, to the prin-
ciple of liberty than that of independence.
peoples of the Austrian empire,know that liberty,
as it is understood at Vienna,like all the other
Germany ; and it is precisely in the name of liberty
that they reject that - •and domineering
supremacy. crushing
is the supremacy of
supremacy. For the Hungarians, the question
whether or not they should send deputies to the
Council of the Empire is tantamount to the ques-
tion, shall Hungary remain Hungary, or be trans-
formed into an Austrian province ? This is the real
question, and we hare endeavoured to put it clearly,
that the importance of the discussion which is to
come on to-morrow in the Diet on M. Beak's pro-
positions may be properly understood.

Of the Bible, although as Mr. Ayre admits, "that as
we have it it is not entirely free from error"—although its
science—its chronology—its statistics—and some other
things are not free from error—yet we have no book that
can be compared with it. It has been truthfully and beau-
tifully said—" That in these fallible writings, God has trea-
sured up for us infallible truth, the food of our souls—and
the glory of our being—truth, lasting as the rocks and
eternal as the heavens." In whatever light we view the
Bible,—as a literary book, with so many beautiful narra-
tives so graphically recorded—as a work of history pre-
serving facts, confirmed by the labours of the archaeologist
as a devotional book, containing the deepest, sincerest, and
devoutest thoughts of holy men of olden time—and the
thoughts, conversations, lessons, and prayers of Jesus—as
the guide of life, full of wise counsels amidst all its perplexi-
ties and troubles—as the revealer of a future life, telling
us freely, frankly, and fully of Jesus, who came to seek and
to save the lost—and as a book of poetry, containing the
grandest and most glorious drama ever written, and some
of the divinest lyrics that ever sounded on the string of the
harp, or ever echoed on the swell of the organ. As a book
of literature, as a book of poetry, our obligations to it can-
not b° countA nor comprehended. The noblest poets of
the Christian era have gone to its fountains and slaked
their thirst. They have delighted in it, as in a beautiful
garden, and have plucked its choicest flowers. Its poetic
hints and imagery have been seized by our greatest poets,
and worked up into their simplest, most touching, and
even most gorgeous passages. The Hebrew Prophet says
" All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as
the flower of the field; the grass withereth, the flower
fadeth, because the spirit of the Lord bloweth upon it ;
surely the people is grass." The Psalmist also says :
" The wind passeth over it, and it is gone, and the place
thereof shall know it more for ever." Shakspeare seizes
these beautiful thoughts, and with his own magic power
and genius embodies them in a speech for the fallen IV ol-
sey
4" Farewell I a long farewell to all my greatness I
This is the state of man. To-day he puts forth •
The tender leaves of hope : to-morrow blossoms,
And bears his blushing honours thick upon him ;
The third day comes a frost—a killing frost ;
And when he thinks, good easy man; full surely
His greatness is a ripening—nips the root,
And then he falls as I do."

It is probable that Lord Byron is indebted to the begin
ning of the book of Genesis for that beautiful apostrophe to
the ocean, at the close of " Childe Harold."
"Time writes no wrinkles on thine azure brow;
Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rolle§t now,
Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty's form
Glasses itself in tempests : in all time
Calm or convulsed, in breeze, or gale, or storm,
Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime
Dark heaving : boundless, endless, and sublime,
The image of eternity—the throne
Of the invisible; even from out thy slime
The monsters of the deep are made : each zone
Obeys thee ;—thou goest forth dread, fathomless, alone."
There are beauties in the Scripture not yet appreciated :

there are glories, on which the eye of man has not gazed
sufficiently long to admire them, and in the words of Mr.
Jowitt with which I conclude—" there are difficulties the
depth and inwardness of which require a measure of the
same qualities in the interpreter himself. There are notes
struck in places, which, like some discoveries of science,
have sounded before their time ; and only after many days
have been caught up and found a response on the earth.
There are germs of truth which after thousands of years
have never yet taken root in the world. There are lessonsno
in the prophets, which, however simple, mankind havelx
Job
humanof
life in
society rather tends to hide; aspects of
lation about
yet learned even in theory ; and which the conW e.
and Ecclesiastes which have a truth
ordinaryfall to enter into the
It is perhaps the greatest difficulty
° outte, so human, so
meaning • of the words of Christ-5° g• their simplicity.
'nor warrior,
them which we plainly realise in
divine, neither adding to thens.raw
d them out in detail, even
The attempt to illustrate or
is apt to disturb the balance
stances.
to guard against their Maine:
d 3 nothing short fashion -
of truth. The interpreter
of the mind of Christ,
he image
ing' in himself t
new spiritual, or intellectual
intoworld,
be born again a thoughts of this world
are shut out. It is
from which the
the
highest tasks on which labour of a life can be
one of the
to bring the words of Christ a little nearer to the
spent,
man."
heart Of
44 Now unto Him that is able to do exceeding abundantly
above all that wo ask or think, according to the power that
of decsirewn
worketh in us, unto him be glory in the Church by Jesus
Christ, throughout all ages, world without end. Amen."
THE Fr 1\"

TirE s C
aAt COMMENCEMENT."—The pro-
epalug 31th:ll:D
the Cambridge " commencement" to-morrow
promise to be unusually interesting. Honorary degrees will
be conferred on the Bishop of Madras (the Rev. Dr. Gell),
the Earl of Elgin, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, Sir W. R.
Hamilton, Sir Roderick Murchison, Major-General Sabine,
Dr. Robinson, of Dublin, Mr. J. L. Motley (author of the
History of the United _Netherlands), Mr. Grote, the distin-
guished historian, &c. It is rumoured that the Prince Con.
sort, Chancellor of the University, and the Prince of Wake
will both be present.

.:NE ON MR. J. L. FERNANDES.—The fine
of £5OO on Mr. J. L. Fernandes, for contempt of Court, at
the last York assizes, has been paid, a Queen's messenger
having visited Wakefield and obtained the money.