The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 14, 1861.

bably be difficult for the North to overrun and hold '
the whole State. Kentucky, Missouri, and
Tennessee dare not move on account of
their slaves so easily running away ; it
would probably, therefore, not be difficult to coerce
the Border Slave States before long into the Union.
One great difficulty, however, lies in President
LINcoLN's way. He and his supporters have
hitherto only demanded to veto the further terri-
torial extension of slavery. They have not only
not declared against slavery, but have been willing
to accept the accursed Fugitive Slave Law itself as
a necessary result of the Federal constitution. If
they retain Maryland and other border states in the
Union, they must also continue to uphold that law
for their sake ; they must make the Union still the
slave of slavery. Why could not the Government
take at once the bold course of henceforth severing
all connection with slavery ? Indeed, had Mr.
LINCOLN'S first act been to proclaim that if any
state revolted, for that State henceforth there was
no mire rendition of fugitives for freedom, he
would have embarrassed-all the border states with
the fear of desertion. Had he added, that the next
step would be a determined effort to deliver the
captive, hardly a State would have dared to move.
Probably the North was not prepared for such
measures, yet they would have been right in them-
selves, and would soon have brought to an issue
the great question, whether the Union, if pre-
served, should be a Union for slavery or for free-
dom. Should the struggle proceed, the North may
under the teaching of necessity learn lessons on
freedom far in advance of its present notions. At
present the battle of the North is not for freedom
but only for supremacy.

Some particulars of the death of Count TELEKI
have reached this country. They are of a kind to
render suicide possible; still the evidence is any-
thing but conclusive. It seems wonderful that a
pistol should have been fired in the house, which
must apparently have been the case, as the ball
had penetrated from the heart to the spine, with-
out any one hearing what he could recognise as
the report. A noise, which a servant took to be
the slamming of a door, was all that was heard.
The pistol which lay by him was the Count's own ;
he was half-dressed ; the bed had been recently
slept in ; and, it is said, that his mind had been
somewhat unhinged. He had been seen en-
gaged at his desk till eleven o'clock, and what
appears to be quite incompatible with the proba-
bility of, at least, premeditated suicide, is that he
was engaged in preparing and revising his speech
for the important debate on the Address in reply
to the Imperial Speech, which was coming on the I
next day. The subject is regarded at Pesth as a
mystery ; and it certain ,y is one. Nothing is known
which could have led the Count to commit the act ;
but it is known that his combined eloquence, and
firmness for the undeniable rights of Hungary,
with the influence of his character and position,
rendered him one of the most formidable antago-
nists of the Viennese reactionists. Count TELEKI'S
voice is silenced for ever ; the Curt of Vienna gets
the sole advantage of the deed. He did not love it
so well as knowingly to confer such a benefit upon
it. Did he, however, do it in an inexplicable fit of
mental aberration, or did treachery invade the
patriot's chamber ? Perhaps we shall never know
till the Day of Judgment.

The Prince of Wales got an uncomfortable duck-
ing while boating on the Cam on Friday. The Prince and
Capt. Grey, one of his equerries, were amusing themselves
in a "tub," when the small craft was upset. His Royal
Highness and Capt. Grey were precipitated into the water,
but were soon got out, nothing the worse for their mishap.
His Excellency the Hon. Charles Francis Adams,
the newly-appointed Minister from the United States, and
family, have arrived in town, and are staying at Maurigy's
Hotel, Regent-street.
The Duchess of Athole has arrived at the St.
George's Hotel.
The Earl and Countess Craven and family come
to town to-morrow, from Ashdowne Park, Berks, for the
season.

The Countess of '\Vinchilsea has left the St.
George's Hotel.
The Right Hon. W. F. Cowper, M.P., and Mrs.
Cowper left town yesterday morning for Brighton, on
receipt of intelligence of the serious illness of Lady
Tollemache.
MUNICH, May B.—The Count di Trani, brother
to the ex-King of Naples, arrived here yesterday evening,
and was met by the DukiMaximilian, who conducted his
Highness to the Royal palace, where the Duchess Louise
presented to him his destined bride, the Duchess Mathilde,
sister to the Empress of Austria and to the Queen of
Naples. This evening a courier left Munich f,,r Rome
with the marriage contract, in order that it might there re-
ceive the " royal assent." Previous to the departure of the
courier, a formal demand of the hand of the young duchess
had been made by the Count.

Listz, the pianist, has arrived in Paris after an
absence of several years.

General Miramon, ex-President of the Mexican
Republic, has also arrived in Paris, accompanied by
Madame Miramon, his children, and several other mem-
bers of his family.

Paris was visited by a heavy thunderstorm on
Saturday afternoon, and the rain for some time fell in tor
rents. The lightning was most vivid, and the electric fluid
fell on the house of a baker on the Boulevard de l'Etoile,
and entering the bakehouse, set fire to some faggots. The
flames were soon extinguished.
The appeal of Mine. Bonaparte-Patterson and
her son againwt the decision of the Civil Tribunal in the
affair of the former's marriage with the late Prince Jerome,
will be heard by the Imperial Court in the beginning of
June. M. Devienne, first President, is to preside, and M.
Chaix d'Est Ange, Procureur-General, will oppose the
appeal. _ _ _

- -
The Court of Cassation, presided over by M.
Vaisse, has rejected the appeal of the Abbe Grelat, of St.
Gernmin-sur-l'Aubois, against the sentence of the Court of
Assizes of the Cher, which condemned him to 15 years'
hard labour for criminal assaults on young girls.

An Imperial decree in the Moniteur authorises
the Treaty of Commerce between France and Belgium,
concluded on the 27th Feb., 1854, and which expires on the
12th inst., to remain in force, until the new treaty signed
between the two countries on the Ist inst. shall coma into
operation.
M. Thouvenel has, it is said, addressed a circular
to the French consular agents in America, recommending
them to observe the strictest neutrality in the events which
are now taking place in that country.
It is rumoured that M. de Lesseps has just re-
turned from Egypt to Paris, to raise further funds for the
prosecution of Suez Canal. According to some accounts
about £BOO,OOO has already been spent without adequate
result, an expensive dyke on the Mediterranean side hav-
ing been washed away.
As the telegraphic wires from Constantinople to
Bagdad have at length been nearly completed, the Calcutta
Chamber of Commerce have requested the Indian Govern-
ment to take advantage of the first steamer leaving Bom
bay for the Persian Gulf to test the speed with which a
message to England can be transmitted by that route.
The Great Ship Company propose to raise £35,000
in debentures having 12 months to run, at 10 per cent., to
pay off existing claims. The Fecurity will be a first mort-
gage of the vessel. If the money is not raised within a few
weeks, the ship will be sold to meet the demands now
standing over.
A large number of envelopes of letters now used
' the Northern States of America have " God bless the
Union" printed on them. Many have on them a1,,0 the
flag of the United States, the stars and stripes printed in
colours, with transverse black stripes to represent the re-
creant States. Envelopes used in the South have also the
Union, flag, with the stars reduced to the number of the
confederated States.

A special meeting of the Submarine Telegraph
Company was held yesterday—Sir J. Carmichael in tin
chair—to elect three directors, and to consider certain ancny-
MOll9 charges lately brought against the management. A
shareholder having suggested that the latter question should
have the priority, the point was at once conceded, the chair-
man stating that the directors courted the fullest investiga-
tion. A long and miscellaneous discussion ensued, in the

course of which a motion was made- for a c3mmittee 0:

investigation. Upon this an—amendment was proposed,
Postponing- the discussion upon the question of the charges
until after ihe 30th of June, which w is at length carried
by a show, of hands. By this decision it is intended to post-
pone all action until the new Trench concession to the
company for a line between Belchy-head and Dieppe flail
haYO kstia GQ/APIaCI.

r 3
L‘IE-11
k •

AMERICA.

(PER COLUMBIA, -VIA GALWAY AND ST. JOHN'S,)
NEW YORK, MAY 4.
The blockade of the Southern ports is to be en-
forced immediately.

Fifty vessels, with steam transports and 20,000
men, are ready. _ .

. _
The North Carolina Legislature has been con-

vened.

The State is virtually out of Union, and is

equipping for war.
Maryland and Western Virginia are true to the
Union.

Kentucky will maintain a neutral position.
No attack has yet been mado on Fort Pickens.
An insurrection has broken out at Yucapatan.
Fifteen British officers were killed.
A regiment has left Ruatan for the scene of

action.

The Columbia left Boston on the 30th April, and
St. John's on the 6th inst. She brings the mails
and 108 passengers.

lrc ~a

ture by a violent proceeding. The general opinion
entertained at Vienna and Pesth is, that those pro-
positions will be adopted unanimously, and the
Austrian Government would then find itself placed
under the alternative of either placing Hungary
out of the unitary law of the 26th February, or of
employing force to put down resistance.

ITALY.
The following letter has been addressed by Gen.
Garibaldi to the Workmen's Association at Naples,

dated Maiatico, 28th ult. :

" I accept with thanks the honourable title of
Perpetual Honorary President of the Neapolitan
Workmen's Association. You are the first centre

of the population of the Peninsula, and you must
take the lead of the robust and laborious classes of
all the nations of Italy. Hence a strong joint re-
sponsibility among them must cement that indis-
soluble unity, which is the sole basis of the
liberty and prosperity of our country. Christ has
laid the foundation of equality among men and

nations, and we must be good Christians. But we
should be committing a sacrilege were we to persist
in the religion of the priests of Rome. They are
the most ferocious enemies of Italy, and those are

most to be feared. Let that contagious and perverse
sect be cast out of our country ! We want our
priests to be Christians, and not to belong to the
religion of our enemies. Therefore, let us have
King Honest Man at any price, but away with the
vipers of the Eternal City. with whom the unity of
Italy becomes an impossibility. This is what I have
to tell you for the present ; in future, wherever my
co-operation may be useful to the sons of the people,
I shall be with you body and soul. Yours, etc.,
" GARIBALDI."
A letter from Turin, dated May 11, says
vate news acquaints us with important movements
of the Austrian troops in Venetia. The flotilla of
gunboats on the Lake of Garda is to be disarmed.
The Regiment Franz Karl is to be quartered at
Este ; the third battalion of every regiment at
Mantua is expected to leave that garrison ; 16 large
houses in the town, till lately crowded with troops,
are now empty. The commander of the place has,
however, issued orders that they shall be repaired
and fitted up as permanent barracks. It is added
that the troops of the ex-Duke of Modena will be
sent to Trieste.

There seems to be little doubt, in short, that
Austria is, with all her wonted adroitness, with-
drawing a great portion of her troops from her
Italian Provinces, with a viQw. to have as many of

her forces as she deems available ready for
action in her impending struggle with Hungary ;
and, faithful to her old policy, she reckons that she
can employ the Italian element in her army to crush
the Hungarians, asshe relies on the Hungarians in
her efforts for the subjugation of Italy.
Her calculations may, however, turn out incor-
rect, and the experiment may be found to have
been carried too far. The desertion of three Hun-

garian officers from Rivet, on the Lake of Garda,
and the bloody encounter between Tyrolese sharp-
shooters and German infantry on the parade-
ground, where, in a mock battle, two of the latter
were killed and a score or more wounded (events
the announcement of which I received with great
caution, but which now receive full confirma-
tion), give a sufficient idea of the disorganisation of
the Imperial army, and of the evident animosity
among its component nationalities. With a certain
knowledge of such facts, it is no wonder if the Ita-
lians watch the proceedings in the Vienna Reichs-
rath and in the Diet at Pesth with breathless inte-
rest. Some great catastrophe is, they think, immi-
nent in Hungary, and the tragic and mysterious
death of Count Ladislaus Teleki is looked upon as
the signal for a crisis, as the beginning of the end.
Unquestionably the success of Russian reaction at
Warsaw gives rise to a probability that Austria may
not be left alone in the strife ; but a strife between
her and Hungary appears no less inevitable, and
the result must be a general melee between all the
Transalpine nationalities in Austria, unless the
compact organisation of the army enables that
Power to subdue them all one after another or
simultane9usly. It is the chaos of 1848 all over
again, an& as Radetzky at that juncture was able to
rally such a force under his baton as enabled him
to save the monarchy, by deciding in its favour the
Italian quarrel, so, no doubt, Benedek, or some other
fortunate soldier, might come to the rescue of the
tottering empire, if he could muster under his
standards out of the Itaslian garrisons such a force
as had nothing to fear either from internal dis-
solution or from an attack in the rear. All those
are serious considerations for the Italian Go-
vernment and nation. It is matter of the
greatest moment for them to arrive at the real
aim and drift of the Hungarian Diet, and of
the patriot leaders of that movement ; it is of
the greatest consequence to obtain correct infor-
mation as to the true disposition of the Imperial
army, lest they should either be lured on to their
own destruction by trusting deceitful appearances,
or should allow a certain opportunity to escape
them. The irresolution of Charles Albert in 1848
caused him to neglect more than one chance of
carrying both Mantua and Verona by a coup de
main, and the rashness of his advisers in the fol-
lowing year committed him to a struggle which
could only bring him to grief.
The Government of Victor Emmanuel is now,
doubtless, in a far more favourable condition than
that of his father ; but the complication of the diffi-
culties they have to contend with is also greater ;
they have less to gain, and expose themselves to
far more serious and irreparable losses. The game
is to a great extent in their own hands, and it
behoves them to eee well how they play their cards.
The declaration of war in 1849 was made by despair
—an outbreak of hostilities could now only be jus-
tified by reasons of deep policy. Italy has at the
present moment nothing whatever to fear from
Austria, and the question of Venice loses nothing
by adjournment. Still, a collision between the two
rival Powers, however delayed, is inevitable, and
Count Cavour would give no proof of wisdom were
he not to seize upon the first best moment in which
his great enemy was brought to real extremity.
It is with these views, perhaps, that the Lom-
bard Grenadiers and other troops are being
marched rapidly from the South to the frontier of
the Po in the .tEmilia, where they will swell the
ranks of the divisions placed under the command of
the bold and enterprising Cialdini. It is the duty
of Italy to liold herself in readiness ; a duty to her-
self and a duty also to a sister nation. Hungary
must not be left too utterly at the discretion of
overwhelming Austrian masses, exposed to an
annihilation which might eventually threaten the
existence of Italy herself. All hope of a peaceful
arrangement with Austria as to Venetia must needs
be abandoned, and the chances of a restoration of
that province to Italy rest on the success of Hun-
gary in the revindication of her legitimate rights.
The success of Hungary herself depends on the part
taken by the Austrian army, and on the promptness
and opportunity of Italian co-operation. It is at
such an emergency that this country learns to value
the mixture of boldness and prudence which cha-
racterises Cavour.
Unfortunately, Count Cavour and his Government
have to a great extent their hands tied by the un-
settled and precarious state of things in Southern
Italy. While Piedmont, Liguria, Tuscany, and all
the provinces away from the Austrian frontier can
be kept in perfect order without even the semblance
of an armed force, a considerable mass of troops
must necessarily be stationed in the Two Sicilies.
It is not from any serious discontent among that
helpless and supine population that the danger
arises, for, if there be any discontent, it has its
source simply in the uncertainty and disquietude
consequent upon frequent outbreaks, which prevent
the people from experiencing or appreciating the
blessings which they reasonably anticipated
from the present order of things. The im •
mediate cause of evil is the presence of the Bourbon,
at the head of the most Unprincipled plotte-s of all
European countries in flume, and the facility with
which he is enabled to turn to account the evil
elements supplied by the disbanded regiments of
his brigand army, scattered all over the) kingdom.
Those who were conversant with the conditions of
those Southern people, and with the character of
its people, needed no prophetic sight to foretell
what would come out of the many thousand starv-
ing cravens whom Garibaldi drove before him. It
was humanity to spare them, but it was worse
Ulan LaadUo4to ic)Qt,O, about o CAutrY•

Garibaldi himself had no choice in the matter ; but
when the garrisons of Capua and Gaeta fell into
the hands of King Victor Emmanuel's generals it
was the height of folly on the part of the Italian
rulers not to remove them on any terms from the
country. They might have been organised into
military colonies in the island of Sardinia; they
might have been thrown as garrisons into :the
Alpine strongholds of Exilles or Fenestrelles, but
it would have been kindness to their country
people even to put them to the sword rather than
allow them to carry on a kind of Vendean war
in the Abruzzi and Calabria, a war which may
have to be prolonged to their utter extermina-
tion. The regular Northern troops and the
National Guards would, indeed, be more than
equal to the task of disposing of them, and dis-
persing them utterly, were it not for the en-
couragement, incitement, and organisation they
receive at the hands of the Bourbon and his
"black" supporters at Rome. Indeed, the war, if
brigandage as dastardly as it is ruthless can be dig-
nified by that name, is actually at an end all
over the kingdom, and the real mischief is almost
entirely limited to the Papal frontier. Upon that
frontier alone the Italian Government is utterly
helpless, end a military cordon encompak sing the
miserable remnants of the Pope's dominions could
not be established without risking a collision with
those French troops which are quartered in Rome,
it would seem, with the only object of perpetuat•
ing Italian miseries. It is not enough for the
"best and only ally" of the Italians to keep the
Pope at Rome, and to enable the Pope to keep the
Bourbon there, but himself and his agents lend a
visible hand to all the plots that are hatched in the
city. They connive at the departure of brigands by
land and sea, and secure their retreat in case of
discomfiture by stepping in between them and
their pursuers. We are assured on all sides that
such a state of things is not intended to last ;
and, certainly, if the present policy of France is
carried on with a view to dishearten the Italians,
to wear them out, to throw them into confusion, to
bring them to repentance of their act of annexatior,
and to bend them to the Emperor's own cherished
views of a confederacy, there is little doubt but the
Italians will be sufficiently consistent and persever-
ing to baffle their adversaries, and to overcome all
difficulties which a crooked policy may purposely
hrow in their path.

THE DEATH OF COUNT 7TLEKI,

VIENNA, MAY 10.

The debate on the address was to have begun in
the Hungarian Chamber of Deputies at 10 o'clock
in the morning of Wednesday last, but the news of
the violent death of Count Ladislaus Teleki pro-
duced such a painful impression on the House that
it was unable to attend to business, and adjourned
until Monday the 15th inst. At eight in the morn-
ing of the first-mentioned day the galleries in the
Museums began to fill, and half an hour later they
were crowded to excess. Shortly before nine it
was rumoured in the city that something had hap-
pened to Count L. Teleki, and the report speedily
found its way to the Chamber of Deputies. The
public was for some time ignorant of what had
happened, but suddenly there was a great stir in
the galleries, which was accompanied by a loud
and hasty demand for " water." Several ladies
had fainted, and, as the entrances to the upper:parts
of the House were so crowded as to be totally im-
passable, the water required was handed up to the
galleries from the floor of the House. For a time
the confusion was great, but as soon as M. von
Ghiczy, the President, entered, order was restored.
M. von. Ghiczy, who appeared to be deeply affected,
said—

" Honourable Members,—Last night Count Ladislaus
Teleki, our patriotic, iespected, and beloved colleague, de-
parted this life. (General movement and exclamations of
grief.) I feel the pain which my communication must
cause, and therefore ask whether you are inclined to begin
the important debate which is on the order of the day."
(A loud and general cry of " Impossible 1")
M. Desk then rose, and thus addressed the
House :
" I do not seek for words in which to express my grief,
but at once declare that this heavy blow has had such
an effect on my mind that I am unable to take part in the
debate. Hungary has suffered a heavy loss, and I have
lost the faithful friend of my youth. It was my intention
to speak at the beginning of the debate, but when matters
of high importance are at issue peace of mind and calmness
are necessary. The honouraide House will therefore allow
me to express a wish that the debate may be postponed
until Monday next. It may perhaps be well to adjourn
immediately, as it is not probable that any one can wish to
enter into discussion." (General assent.)

Before the Deputies left the House M. von Ghiczy
informed them that a private conference would be
held at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. The iepresenta-

tives of the Hungarian nation assembled at the hour
appointed, and before they separated came to the
conclusion that Count L. Teleki had committed

suicide.

The Count retired to his bedroom soon after ten
o'clock on the evening of the 7th inst., and an hour
later some of his relatives saw him sitting at his
writing-desk. Count Julius Teleki, who returned
home at midnight, hears his uncle walking to and
fro in the adjoining room. Another inhabitant of
the house was roused during the night by a "crack,"
but is unable to say at what hour. Wnen his valet
entered the Count's room at eight o'clock in the
morning he saw his master lying dead on the floor.
The captain of the city was immediately sent for,
and he soon made his appearance. The body was
lying with its feet towards the bed, and on one foot
was a slipper. The other slipper was found on the
bed from which the Count is supposed to have risen
towards morning. The only articles of clothing on
the body were a shirt, a pair of stockings, black
llungarian trousers, a black neckcloth, and a
slipper. The pistol with which the Count shot
himself was found on the ground. A second
pistol, which was not loaded, was lying in its case on
a small table near the head of the bed. On the same
table were a teacup, which was half-full, a half-
smoked cigar, and a book entitled " Magyarovszag
Alaptorveney " (Fundamental Laws of Hungary).
It is supposed that the unfortunate man pulled

the trigger of the pistol with the forefinger of
the left hand, as the right hand was forced in be-
tween the belt of the trousers and the body. The
left hand covered the region of tha heart, near
which the bullet passed. So little blood escaped
from the wound that there was none on the floor.
At 5 o'clock in the afternoon of the Bth inst. there
was the customary medical examination of the body,
and the bull©t was found near the spine. The
family of the defanct noble wished to have the body
taken to Szirak on the 9th, but the rumour that
Teleki had been assassinated was so very prevalent
that the members of the Diet expressed a wish that
the mortal remains of their colleague might not be
removed from I'esth until the following day. This
morning the corpse was taken to the Museum, and at
4 o'clock it will be sent to Szirak. As Count Teleki
left no letter behind him, it is impossible positively
to say why he committed suicide. The Austrians
say that he feared he should be arrested on a charge
of havingconspired with the French and Sardinians
to sever Hungary from the empire, and many of
the Hungarians think he took his own life because
he had become aware that he should not receive the
foreign assistance which had been promised him.
My own opinion, which is based on communications
received from persons residing at Pesth, is, that poor
Teleki was not in sane mind when he committed the
rash act.
As soon as it was resolved that the debate on the
Address should be postponed, M. Deak desired the
printer not to send his speech to press, but it must
be concluded 'that his instructions were not obeyed,
as the leading features of the document are very
generally known. According to this celebrated
jurist, the only tie between Hungary and Austria
is that one and the same mmiarch reigns over both
countries. In the fundamental laws of the king-
dom of Hungary there is no trace of a " real" union.
Had there been one, Hungary would not have been
allowed to retain her constitution. During the
minority of the heir to the Hungarian throne the
Palatine is at the head of affairs, but in the other
parts of the empire the next male relative is
guardian to the Imperial minor. If the family of
Hapsburg-Lorraine should be extinct, Austria and

The Lower Chamber holds its sittings in the National
Ml46Callf