The Sun.
London, England, 1857-06-05 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 5, 1857.

THE FOURTH Off JUNE AT ETON.

The'grand annual festival, which is become the prin-
cipal holiday at Eton since the discontinuance of `• Mon
tern," was attended this year by his Royal Highness the
Prince of Wales and the cdsiornary large assemblage o
the nobility and gentry from all parts of the kingdom.
At 12 o'clock, -the upper school was crowded by the
visitors, most of whom were old EtonianS, or having
sons or relations at the college, when the speeches were
deilvered in the order as set forth in the following pro-
gramme:—

Legge Ajax
Routledge
Mutt, ma Pothinus Lueanus.

Hoare; ma.., Earl of Surrey
Jefferson Henry VIII.
Cleasby. ma. Wolsey
Le nireliant

A. Leigh, ma., K. S. lago ...... t
Stone, K.S ,_ Othello.. 1—
Smith, K.S. Achilles.
Willis, K.S Agamemnon... - Homerus.
Cornish, . K.S Caichas
Harvey lmpeachment of Hastings: Burk&

Shakspeara.

Willis, K.S A t tinghansen
Schiller.
Puller, ma. ltuaenz

S. Cornish, K.S. Duke of Buckingham Shakspeare
[7. Mk. Legge, ma. Geronte..
Moller°.
[S. Mr. Stanley Scapm„.. f

At the,coociusion of the speeches most of the coma
parry wetwetstertained at the honses of the provost; -the

head master, 'and feliowsi, and others officially connected
with the cortege,lwhere splendid luncheowf were pre-
pared for them.
At.s,x o'clock in the evening the company began to
assemble in the Broca., and at half-past six o'clock his
Royal Highness the Prince of W:iles arrived, accom-
panied by Colonel Seymour, Mr. Gibbs, and Mr. Tarver.
The Prince was received with enthusiastic cheering.
S ion afterwards the boats were manned by their re-
spective crews, who pulled in beautiful style to the
" Cobbler," and then I,:ft Windsor for Old Burley, pass-
ing by the 13rocas in the following order :

UPPER BOATS.
MONARCH, 10-OAR.

Crew—Baring, captain of the boats ; Hankey, Trench,
Wingfield, Rowyer, Whitmore, Hall, Legge, Ainsworth,
Harvey ; Smith, coxswain.

VICTORY:

Crew—Lubbock max., second captain ; Van de Weyer,
Hussey, Wynne, Pinckney, Halsey, Craven, Atkinson ;
Wood, coxswain.._

PRINCE OF WALES.

Crew—Lawless, captain ; Ponsonby, Brewer, Harle,
Cadogan, Collings, Hincks, Hankey, mi. ; Clayton, cox-
swain.

LOWER BOATS.
BRITANNIA.

Crew—Hardy, captain; Kekewicb,Morse, Le Strange,
M'Douall, Ward, Turner, Lubbock, ma. ; Lubbock, mi.,
coxiwain.

DREADNOUGHT.

Crem—Severnei captain ; Rushout, Palmer, Somer-
ville, Denison, Duller, Rowley, Wynne ; St. Quentin,
coxswain.

THETIS.

Crew—Walpole, captain ; Coventry, Lord Dunmore,
Maxwell, Leny, Lord Newry, Burr, Beach ; Wood, ml.,
coxswain.

ST. GEORGE.

Crew—Kinglake, captain ; Hall Dare, Sir F. John-
stone, Smitb, Cunningham, Wilbraham, Hemming, Bar-
net ; Hopwood, coxswain.
All the above boats were manned by Oppidans.- In
their 'wake was the Collegers' four-oar, manned by the
following King's scholars :—Willis, Young, Bridger,
Liddel, ma. ; Croft, coxswain._

On arriving at Su/ley Hall, the various crews par-
took of an open air repast, prepared by Mr. Johnson,
of the White Hart Hotel, and afterwards drank the
customary loyal and collegiate toasts. At 9 o'clock
the crews returned to Windsor, when a grand display
of fireworks took place ; and in accordance with the
usual custom, the boats rowed several times round the
island and under the bridge, and were heartily cheered
by the numerous spectators who lined the river side,
and filled the barges and boats on the river.
The band of the Royal Horse Guards (blue), in two.
large boat., was moored above bridge, and the beau-
tiful corps of drums and fifes of the Grenadier Gnarls
was stationed on the "Cobler," below bridge, and
vreatly enlivened the proceedings by their performances.,
The day's amusements were brought to a close shortly
before ten o'clock, the- bands playing the National
Anthem.

SUMMER CIRCUITS OF THE JUDGES.

AUSTRALIAN FREEHOLD GOLD MINING
COMPANY. • -

Yesterday ari extraordinary general meeting of
the shareholders was held at the" London Tavern,
Bishopsgate-street ; Mr. A. Warrand in the chair.
Mr. PVLSFORD, the secretary, read the report of
'the committee, from which it appeared that, in
pursuance of 'the resolution of the shareholders
passed on the 15th of June, 1855, 'that the affairs
of the mine be wound up, and a return. of 6s.
per share, be made to the adventurerS, which re-
solution- was afterwards c Alfirined, Mr. Clarke had
aske I. that all the funds of the company should
be rateably . divided amongst the holders of
shares, and to this the committee of manage-
ment were Agreoable, but from-cireurnslances it was
found impossible. The number of shares on which
Gs. per share .have been returned amount to 63,230,
leaving 10,4651. outstanding. It is therefore sug-
gested that the proceedings in Chancery should be.
diseontinued, and the funds be paid out of court to
pay the Gs. on the shares upon which it has not been
paid, and after. payment ofithe plaintiff's costs, the
balance to be divided pro rata. Upon one of the
applications ill- the snit made to the Vice-Chan-
cellor, it was intimated birhis Honour that the sub-
ject of the stiet shbuld be settled out of court, -
The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the
repot t, said they were much indebted to Mr. Clarke*
for the manner in which he had come forward to
terininate the la\v proceedings. He expected they
would have sufficient funds to pay the 6s. to those
who ha l not received it, and leave a small surplus
for general division after payment of the plaintiff's
costs, but there was always an uncertainty in these
matters, and it might be possible that the share-
holders would have to conttibute.

A resolution was then unanimously passed that
the report be adopted, and that the plaintiff be re-
quested to comply with the terms of the conditions
of settlement as set forth in the report, and that the
meeting expresses its thanks to Mr. Clarke for the
readiness which he has hitherto manifested to see a
just distribution of the assets of the company.
The shareholders present represented about
45,000 out of 60,000 shares.

A vofe of thanks to the chairmen terminated the
proceedings.

MR. lIO,DGSKIN ON CRIME; ITS CAUSE
AND PREVENTION.

On Wednesday evening a numerous audience as-
sembled in the lower room in Sr. Martin's Hall, to
bear a second lecture on this Subject tram Mr.
Hodgskin, of the Economist newspaper, whose first
discourse under the title "Don't Create Criminals,"
was recently noticed at some length in our colunins.
The chair was taken by Dr. CHARLES MACKAY,
who, in introducing the subject, said that they
came as scholars, to learn frOm one who had
devoted his study to this subject. It bad
been too much the custom to take a microscopic
view of the question, and to dissect the individual
criminal, instead of taking what might be termed a
telescopic view of the whole subject In this re-
spect hebelievecl_we bad much to learn from Mr.
Hodgskiri.
Mr. HODGSKIN, after thanking the chairman for
the Landsome terms in which he had spoken of him,
referred to his former lecture, in which he had
pointed out that the bulk of the crime which tor-
mented us in this country consisted of offences
against property without violence ; that we were
as a nation given to pilfering, not to assassination.
He should, therefore, confine himself to. the Con-
sideration of the causes of dishonesty. In his first
lecture he had called attention to the influence of
the aristocracy by example as a cause of crime, but
in his anxiety to avoid injustice ho had.also pointed
out the benefit of the example of the upper classes
in promoting courtesy and diminishing violence.
He had invited the aristocracy to attend that lec-
ture by numerous circulars, and bad fixed the price
of admission to the general 'Abbe at a high rate,
that they might the more conveniently attend ;
but they had not responded to that invitation, and
now let them not say he made a one-sided attack
upon them. But whatever they might say, it was
hii duty, for the sake of truth, to point out how
their influence-tended to theincrease of dishonesty.
A very general and not yervicrupulous desire pre-
vailed just now for the attainment of wealth, and
it might at first be thought ttat this was a cause of
crime. But as the clsire of wealth was in itself a
just and honourable desire, aid the spring of many
social advantages, it was difficult to come to this
conclusion. The aristocracy sought to attribute
all wrong to trade ; but if this were so, if trade
made criminals, then as trade was going on in-
creasing and- must continue to increase, it would
follow that we must become nore.and more critni-
nsl. In order to inquire whst was the real cause
of the evil, he must go back to first principles. The
right of life was one that was writ defined. Life was
the gift of the Creator, and the source of all other
rights. Without life there could be no property.
But the xight of property was not s ) well defined.
Nobody would ask, " Whose body?" or " Whose
lite is this ?" But, whose hat '? Whose Oat ?
Wlkse house ? and whose land were frequently
asked; and frequently disputed. Mr. Hodgskin
here Wilt into a somewhat lengthened disquisition
on the property in laud, the laws of which he con-
tended required modification from time to time as
the state of society changed ; instead of being, as
at present in this country, fixed. Theseffect of our
laws was to tie up the land in few hands, instead of
making, it accessible to all. The law-making classes
had made the laws for their own benefit—(hear,
hear)—and they not only claiined the power to dis-
po,e of property by law, but endeavoured to mono-
polise that power to themselves. (Hear, hear.)
The representative system was based upon the
Principle of serfdom, and the making a certain
amount of property the qualification for the, enjoy-
ment of political rights was the very concentration
of rapacity. (Hear, hear.) One inevitable conse-
quence of such a system was to intensify the desire
for wealth. A small diminution in the _supply of
corn created an unusual desire to obtain it, a desire.
which so spread that the price of corn was raised
beyond the proportion necessarily resulting from
the scarcity. And so, as there never was enough
wealth for all, the increase of the desire narrowed
the field of possible gratification. (Hear. hear.)
One of the evils that ten.-ed most to the increase of
crime was. einjust taxation. Here Mr. Hodgskin
referred to the corn-laws, the nature and effect of
which he discussed at some length, showing- from
etatistics that Crime was greatly on the increase
during the whole period that they were in opera-
tion, that it began to- decrease when they were
modified by- Sir Robert Peel, and that when they
were entirely abrogated, and a partial return was
made to direct taxation, a still further diminution
of crime was the result. He endeavoured to show
that VAS was because the wealthier classes were un-
justly relieved from taxation, to the detriment of
the mass of the people, by the system of indirect
taxation, and -that this wee setting an example
which the poor followed in their way. He also
contended that, -as Mr. Roebuck had said on a late
occasion, the purpose of taxation being to protect
the lives auil properties of the people, every
penny taken
.from the public exchequer
for any other purpose was a robbery on the people.
The upper elassea did not commit offences _against
the law. Why should they? . They could gratify
their desire for wealth by making the law to suit
ile;en.; and when the lower classes saw them plun-
dering by legal means, it was no wonder they
Should adopt illegal means of doing the same thing.
Mr. Hodgskin also contended that the present
system prevented the poor from obtaining a living
easily ; and argued that if it was true, as had been
recently allege, that any criminal could be re-
formed by giving 1101 the means of getting a living
easily, ci fortiori the man who was honest might be
kept. so by the same means. e
Mr. Hodgskin was beard throughout with Wens
tion, and waa frequently and enthusiastically ap
plauded. The proceedings terminated with a vote
of thanks to the lecturer.

Tan FALL OF HOUSES IN TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD
Yesterday the inquest by Mr. Brent respecting the Fix
persons who lost their lives by the falling of houses in
Tottenham-court road was concluded. The jury retired
to consider their verdict at 20 minutes to 4 o'clock, and
remained in deliberation tilt neatly 7. 15 of the 16
jurors then agreed to the following verdict —" That the
deaths of Frederick Bury, Anne Driscoll, John Garnett,
Richard Turner; James Revil' and Joseph Taylor were
cancel by the falling of the hous9s Nos. 146, 147, and
148, Tottenhaui-court-roed ; that cutting the boles in
the wail of 147 and 148 was the immediate cause of the
accident, the party wad of 146 and 147 being very indif-
ferent, requiring more than ordinary caution, which in
this Cage was not observed ; that the cutting away the
party wall between 147 and 143 was 'done in an unskil•
ful and improper manner ; that the jury cannot separate
without expressing their strong condemnation of the
present conflicting state of the law as to the district and
polic3 surveyors, whose duties appear to be quite inde•
pendent, and even antagonistic ; and the jury sincerely
hope that an immediate alteration will be made in the
Building Act, as at present constituted." A considerable
sum has already :been received for the sufferers' widows.
and families.

THE ATLANTIC SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH•

Yesterday afternoon the Lord' Mayor, accompa
vied by- a numerous party of the Corporation and
civic offivrs,paid a visit to the works of Messrs.
Glasse arid Elliot, where the monster submarine
cable is now ritpidly advancing towards its final
completion. This visit could hardly be c ailed a
public one, and it certainly was not private, for the
party Went in a corporation state b irge, rich enough
in flags and gilding to, have sati-fied the Queen of
Sheba. Its approaching the shore at such a wild,
hotel-less looking spot, where whitebait was never
heard of and turtle is unknown, seemed to create,
no small amount of sensation among the natives
who dwell along the river's banks on slimy riles, in.
stranded boats, or long West-country-barges. The,
visit was an event in their dreary life of flood and
ebb, and they testified their interest accordingly by
lounging to the doors of the various lockers in which
they live, and watching the visitors come'oti shore:"
It was a feat worth seeing. Most of the gentlemen
who inspected the works 'will agree with us this
' morning that Glasse and Elliot's yard is not a plea-
sant phade on whicli toland at low water. The shells
is stony and, a_general xule,unsavoury in hot wea-
ther, whaii aU. the` abominable flotsam and jetsam
of the dirtiest river in Europe evaporate enough
miasma to poison an 'alligator. As an initiatory
process all the visitors had to walk from the barge
to the shore along a narrow plank, and this necessi-
tated feats on the part of stout gentlemen whiCh in
a circus "would have covered them with immortal
honour. Plank-walking under such circumstances
is always difficult, and when the performance has
to be gone through by a portly functionary in full
Court dress and cocked hat, anxious to preserve his
dignity, yet afraid of losing his balance, the result
has no medium, but is at once either sublime or
ridiculous. Dnringyesterday's visit there was a little
of both extremes, and successive efforts gave rise to
mach amusement among the party, as each person
walked ashore, with more or less of peril from the
mud and water. Theywericonducted over the works
by Mr. Glasse, and the various processes which
the cable undergoes in the course of its manufacture
were fully pointed out and explained. Two small
Iron cohorns were also fired by a spark sent through
a short piece of the cable.
Since our last notice of the progress of this great
undertaking, with the exception of a short interval
of 40 hours last Monday and Tuesday, the work
has advanced incessantly day and night. The
" strand," "closing," and " serving" machines,
which revolve with such astounding rapidity, and
whose noise can be heard even to the centre of the
river, have done their work well, arid spun an ad-
ditional 500 miles of cable. Nearly 900 miles are.
now completed, and at least 1,200 would have been
ready, could the wiredrawers have supplied wire as
fast as the machines consume it. But that, unfor-
tunately, has not been the case, for the daily con-
sumption of fine wire has been greater than all the
wiredrawers of England could furnish, and the
consequence is that less is ready for shipment than
was wished or anticipated, The making of the
two shore ends of the cable is well advanced. Those
portions—namely, for 10 miles from the Newfound-
land and 15 miles from the Irish shores, are being
manufactured 'of immense strength,' in order t',
resist the action of the waves over rocks, and
danger from vessels, anchors, dee. They are made
of No. 1 wires, forming a cable of 1i inch in
diameter, and weighing about six tons to the mile.
The size of the wires used in these ends gradually
diminishes as deep water is reached, so that it
tapers down where it joins to the diameter of the
main portion of the cable. Thee No. 1 wires are
'welded on to No. 2, which, in turn, are joined to
No. 3, and so on, as shallow water and liability
to accident are decreased. At these ends the gutty
percha and " sewing" of greased and tarred hemp
are also made proportionally thicker, to lessen the
chance of accident from compression of the outside
spiral iron casing.
The manufacture of the centre portion of the
cable has also been begun. In order to avoid risk
from the first strain at starting, about five or six
miles of the centre will be made of the strongest
steel wire. In place of twisted strands the cable
will here be bound with 18 No. 3 solid wires of
steel, so that this part of the telegaph will, it is
asserted, bear a strain of 12 tons with safety, or
nearly twice the amount of dead strain that is
likely to come upon it at the first outset.
The preparations for shipping the cable are nearly
finished, and the operation of transferring the pon-
derous coils from the factory to the hold of the
Agamemnon will commence on Tuesday or Wed-
nesday next. Workmen from the dockyards are
now engaged in laying down moorings for the
Agamemnon, which will arrive off Glasse and
Elliot's to-morrow (Saturday) morning. No less
than 10 anchors have been fixed to secure her from
motion while this important work is going for-
ward. From the factory to the side of the ship
10 barges will be moored stem and stern, and along
these the cable will be slowly wound by a 12 horse
power engine. It will be stowed away in the hold
in one tremendous coil 45 feet in diameter and
, nearly 12 feet high. No vessel better suited than
the Agamemnon for this purpose could be found in
the navy.
There is not the least ground for the reports that
the United States' frigate Niagara is not to take
the other half of the cable, manufactured by Newell
all at Birkenhead. At first there were some doubts
as to whether it was worth while to make certain
alterations in the vessel, which were necessary in
order to avoid risk in paying out the coil. But this
question has been definitively decided, and either
last night or this morning the Niagara quitted the
Thames for Portsmouth Dockyard, where some of
her stanchions will be taken out, and her fine ward-
room not a little disfigured to accommodate her
long passenger. This vessel is undoubtedly not so
well suited for the work as the Agamemnon, and
on board of her the cable will have to be piled in
two or three coils, fore and alt,' au arrangement
which would have been better avoided„ if it were
possible. Both at Birkenhead and at East Green-
wich the manufacture of the cable at one end will
be continued, while the other end is being shipped.
In fact, both firms will work up to the last mo-
ment,
in order that in paying out across the At-
lantic a liberal allowance may bo made for slack
without fear of running short. The Susquehanna
will accompany the Niagara, and we believe the
Leopard goes with the Agamemnon. All the vessels
will rendezvous at Cork harbour, when the final
arrangements will be made as to starting. The
Cyclops is now in the Atlantic taking soundings
along the proposed deep sea route.
At Messrs. Glasse and Elliot's yard a fine sub-
marine cable is being made for the Norwegian
Government. This is, as far as we are aware, pro-
bably the first electric telegraph which has ever
been used for fishing purposes. During the fish-
ing season the shoals of herrings enter the fiords of
Norway at most unexpected inter vale, and at places
where often not more than one or two fishing boats
are to be 'found. B-fore the boats from the sur-
rounding bays and fiords can be summoned to the
spoil the herrings have generally epawned and are
away to sea again. To prevent these repeated dis-
appointments and losses to the fishermen, the Nor-
wegian Government is about to lay a submarine
cable along some 50 miles of the coast most fre-
quented by the shoals, with land stations at short
distances communicating with the fishing villages.
The instant the shoal is seen in the offing, there-
fore (and it can always be known at a distance by
the whales which surround it), a message will be
sent along the coast telling each village the fiord or
bay which it has entered. Alas for the poor her-
rings I What will become of them now that science
enters the deep against them and their enemy lurks
in their watery home ? They may elude whaleS
and fishing boats, defy tides, winds, and waves,
but what can they do against the electric current ?
They will splash heedlessly over the queer-looking
rope on the bottom without thinking that it is tell-
ing their numbers and the way they have taken,
and guiding their pursuers to the destruction of
them all.
A small " sub-mud" cable, to be used in com-
municating with the-workmen to be engaged in
clearing the mouth of the Danube, is also in course
of manufacture at Glasse and Elliot's. It will be
regarded with interest, as the material embodiment
of so many of the Paris protocols.

4, CRYSTAL PALACE. ONE SHILLING DAL—Yester-
day, June 4. Admissions on payment, 7,803; data, by
season tickets, 581 ; total visitors, 8,384.
THE GREAT EASTERN STEAM-SHlP.—Built to carry
14,000 persons, 22,500 tons burthen, designed by I.
K. Brunel, Esq. Descriptive partigulars, from authentic
sources. Illustrated and Sectional Plans, by W.
LI. Webb, drawn expressly for this work. Now
ready, done' up in a neat pamphlet, price 6d. Pub-
lished by W. Marshall and Sons, newspaper agents to
the Great Western and Blackwall Railway. London
Stations, Paddington and Fenchoreh-street ; and all the
Oxford, W ter,
B.ok stands of the Great Western Railway,orces London an
and
d
B'ackwall, the South
Wales,
Wolverhampton Railways ; and by appointment fur the
City, at 48, Leadenhall-street.—N.B. Ask for Mar-
, shall's authentic edition, price Sixpence.

ABOLITION OF CHURCH-DATES.

(Front, the Times.)

In answer to a question from Sir John Trelawny,
and to a more searching interrogation by Sir_ John
Pakinifton Lord Palmerston last night announced
an. iliWnt'On, or rather expressed a hope, of intro-
ducing a bll fOr the abolition of church-rates
" before long"---that is, of course, in the present
se,sion:" If "abolition" is the, measure really in-
tended, a bill might:be brought in next week for
• the purpose, seeing that nothing can be easier than
to put the whole of this metropolis in the same
position, as reTects the maintenance of its.churcheß,
as the greater fart is already. If the churches of
the greater part of the metropolis were faliing out
of repair, and evidently in want of their periodical
washing, glazing, slating, painting, Marbling, and
gilding; if the walls were bulging, gaping, and
tottering, and the rain beating on the cus!lions and
hassocks ; if anything whatever were lacking to
the usual order of 'the service,, and on inquiry it
were found to- be owing to the refusal of church-
rates,- that. would be some reason against extending
and regularising such a. state of things.. Ati.
would be a reason for stopping to consiaentat
substitute could be found. The abolitionists would
be met at once with the exclamation, "What !
would you have our beautiful old.churches fall to I
ruin ?" The fact, however, is, that it makes no
difference to the churches whether rates are ail-

I..ctecl or not. Pass from street ito street, ori
if you have a turn fur spiritual vagrancy,
enter as many churches as you please on
a Sundiy, and you 'will not be able to
infer anything as to the source of the sufficient
and sometimes rather profuse expenliture of which
you see such pompous and glittering proof. You
cannot guess whether it is a rate, or a general sub-
scription, or an estate, or pew-rents, or the libera-
lity of the incumbent, or of some other individual.
So our churches will not go to run in this metro-
or anywhere else, that we know of. Indeed,
there is no substantial difference in this respect be-
tween the present state of the law, according to
recent decisiens, and entire abolition. If the ma-
jority of a vestry refuse t 3 authorise a rate, it can
no longer be levied from a reluctant householder ;
in other words, it becomes a voluntary subscrip-
tion. • Church-rates may have been levied in that
parish by quiet and undisputed prescription for five
hundred years, but without a majority of the vestry
they can be levied no longer. Tins is not only
possible, but a matter of daily occurrence. " What,
thee, will become of the churches ? Will they be
allowed to fall down ? Are they to be left to the
ravages of time till the roofs fall in, till grass grows
in the aisles, winds burst the windows, and the
frost splits the walls I" For the answer to such
pathetic inquiries we have only to refer to the next
parish, or the next town, or perhaps all the parishes
in the neighbourhood, here the churches are kept
in capital order by voluntary payments.
The only pretence for delay is the hope of de-
vising what is called a "substitute" for church-
rates. The natural and only substitute is found
already in more than half this metropolis, and in
most other large towns, where church people, so far
from being at any loss for means to keep their
churches in substantial and decorative repair, are
everywhere competing for the honour of doing so,
and thinking it hard to be denied. All other sub-
stitutes are mere temporising expedients, suggested
by a weak hope of retaining the impost, if not
generally, at least in the rural parishes. Yet those
rural parishes are the very ones in which the
Church has the least to hope from compulsory rates,
and the most from private taste and generosity.
Of all the parishes in the kingdom it is at least
worth standing out for the supposed benefit of
those where the wretched impost, after discharging
a Jew fees, just pays the parish bricklayer, the
" masoner," the carpenter, the plumber, and the
glazier their 10s. 6d. or ss. 9d. a piece. The 'great
bulk of the rates is collected in certain towns and
large parishes where the church and the gentry are
strong, or where there are many professionals or
old-fashioned tradespeople. Of course, this is
a comparatively pleasant state of things, for
till a man feels any positive scruple as to Church-
rates, or any hearty dislike of the system, he
would rather there was no dispute on the sub-
ject. But to the best of our belief, whether the
parish be rich or poor, populous or otherwise, town
or country, it is an oval waste of labour and good.
churchmanship to stand out for this tax. No case
can be imagined in which the fabric may not safely
be left to the generosity of churchgoers. Here
and there a church may get out of repair, but that •
will be nothing new. Most churches were getting
continually out of repair the greater part of the last
century, when Church-rates were undisputed. If
the fabrics are now generally in beautiful order,
it is owing to voluntary subscriptions.
It is the peculiarity of this impost that it has
never even been adapted to the growth and changes
of our social .syAem. The Church-rate is still paid
to the parish church, and to it alone, though it is
no longer able to contain half, or a tenth, or even
a hundredthof the whole population. It is still paid,
or demanded, for the parish church, though there
is another church, or, may be, twenty other
churches, in the parish ; and, while these other,
churches are maintained by their pew-renters or
some liberal landowners, those same pew-renters
and landowners are held legally liable to pay rates
to the "parish church." There is no country in the
world, except England, where such an extortion
would be endured for a twelvemonth ; just as Eog-
land is the only country under the sun where two
hundred' thousand people would endure to be pro-
hibited from marrying in their own churches, and
compelled to fi equent one alone for this purpose,
simply and solely to mike a piece of preferment for
the Deau and Canons of St. Paul's. We talkin this
country of emperors, of priests, of inquisitors, of
wooden idols, and other stupidities and cruelties,
but there are certain impostures, of the vested
interest class, which grow nowhere else to so
venerable an age and such magnificent dimensions
as in this green old island. Church rates, in their
present capricious, unjust, and incorrigible form,
illustrate this popular weakness of our tax-paying
race. Of course, if people would go on paying
them for ever, then, on the principle that volenti
nom fit injuria, we should have no right to inter-
fere. But people do very naturally object to pay-
ing for a thing they don't like when they are no
longer obliged to do so ; to paying to a church they
don't go to, besides paying for one they do go to ;
to paying for a church three miles off, or where
they cannot get a comfortable seat. As the law is i
now stated, nobody need pay a Church-rate under
these circumstances unless a majority of his neigh-
bours lay their heads together and resolve that he
shall pay it, whether he likes it or not. There are
not many parishes in the kingdom, we should ima-
gine, where, a majority can be got together for such
a purpose ; but it is better, at least more in accord-
ance with the rest of our institutions, that a man
should not be placed at the mercy even of his
neighbours. It is quite possible that a vestry may
even now, think it either doing God's service, or at
least verygood sport, to screw a Church-rate out of
people with churches or chapels of their own ; so,
to provide against that bare possibility, Parliament
should finally dispose of the question.

[ADVERTISEMRNT. SUMP AND HEARING. -SPECTACLES.- •
POWERFUL TELESCOPES,-OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE
GLasssas,—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39,
Albe-
rk Hotel,
marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York
W.—By her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for
and bril-
liant valuable and
extraordinary improvements in the most
powerful
Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse,
nOicpsee telescopes possessra, and Perspective
Glasses, to know the distances.
such extraordinary power that some, three and a-half inches,
with an extra eye-piece will show distinctly Jupiter's moons,
Saturn's ring, and the double stag
three-and-a-half m
; with the same teilleesscdoipee.
can be seen a poison's count
tant, and an object fromt.le6r,teo and countenance
miles. For the waistcoat
all sizes, with increasing
pocket, an I are of la 6 R
powers accordin,ly. The oyal Exhibition, 1851.—A valu-
able newly-inven'te I 'very small powerful Waistcoat Pocket
Glass, the size of a Walnut, by which a person can be seen
and known one
houteane d a half mile distant. They answer every
purpose o
race-course, and at the Orera Houses.
Country scenery,and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles.
They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting,
rt4moo 8-
to , ge atiemen, gamekeepers, and totu ists. Opere,
Cp
-,p°, Perspective, and It teocourso Glasses, with wonderful
powers.
laminable preserving Spectacle Lenses of the
greatest transparent power. The great advantage derived
from this invention is, that vision impaired becomes pre-
served and strengthened, and very ago,i persons are enabled
to employ their sight at the most minute occupation—
can see with those lenses of a much less magnifying power
—and they do not require the frequent changes to the
dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons
can be suited at the most remote part of the world by send-
ing one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and
stating the distance from the eye they can read small print
with it, and those 'who have not made use of spectacles by
stating their age. Deafness.—New Discovery.—The Or-
ganic Vibrator, an extra;lrdiaarily powerful, small newly-
invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all
others, surpasses anything of the kind that Las been, or pro-
bably ever can be produced, Being of the same colour au
tie skin, is not perceptible. It enables deaf persons to hear
distinctly at church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasan_,
t
sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely lemored
and It affords all the assistance that possibly could be desired.
--3 ), Alloemarle.street, Piccadilly.--Observe—opposite the
York Hotel, w.

Airey, Sir G. Wetherall, and staff, aiiiv.errii Farn-
borough yesterday morning, and, thtwee proce ded
on a visit of inspection to the .4ititary College,
Sandhurst, returning to London in the afternoon.
The battalions of Royal Artillery, including the
whole of the men einployed as offiCerSr servants,
were yesterday under arms iii•tbe parade gitykiiia
facing the Royal Artillery barradka,' Woolwily in
clean fatigue dress, and were put through a; botirsO
of brigode drill, under the chief command of Col.
Barker, C. B. They were- paraclA. in divisions in
command of Lieut.-Colonels Evair 'Maberlt; Ofh
battalion ; H. W. Montreabr, ',4th'battiilion."; and
H. J. Thomas, 13th battalion. -A 'Umber of un-
disciplined recruits of the Royal Maribe Cerps'*isto
at the same time assembled over Woolwich-common,
in separate squads, and werorput through a variety
of field manoeuvres, firing several rounds of blank
cartridgh. Major John 13raadling; C. 8., 11,37e1
Horse Artillery, was .yesterday morning direckeT to
march with his troop for London, to be in readini:s a
for a review of cavalry; to take place at Wormwood
Scrubs this morning (Friday), to commence at
10 o'clock- The troops accordingly marched from
head-quarters, Wcolwich, yeiterday, at two p. ni.,
without their guns.
The depot of the 88th Regiment arrived in Alder-
shott camp, yesterday from, Belfast via Liverpool,
to join head-quarters. The 88th is now under or-
dersEaHmeurnMd Majesty's Archer, Captain
for India. .
West India st at isco°nstc,er'aer rfwriovsmetedtahamet Nh
voporto hl w c
hm
ye re i:tae ran
.tiityd
morning, and having proceeded down h
test her machinery, returned to Woolwich, and took
the e river
un t
took
.
up her mooring'? off -the dockyard-
‘, s
orders to be stripped and return,- stores, oiderl to
be paid off and laid up in ordinary.
The arrangements for shipping the Transatlantic
electric cable have been concluded, according
to the original plan entered into by the British
and American Governments. The Agamemnon is
to leave her moorings at Greenhithe this morning
at 9.30, and Will proceed to the basin prepared fur
her reception off East Greenwich, Commodore. She-
pherd, superintendent of Woolwich dockyard,
having been directed to despatch a party of riggers
to give the requisite assistance on her arrival. Mr.
M'Donald, master-attendant at Woolwich, accom-
panied by Mr. Jones and a party of between 40 and
50 seamen riggers, will be in attendanee at Green-
wich t) make fast the lashings and lay the vessel
to her destined moorings. A telegraphic order was
despatched to.Devonport on Wednesday evening
to arrest the proceedings commenced on board the
St. Jean d'Acre, a compact having been concluded
for adapting the United States' ship Niagara so as
to receive the Liverpool portion of the wire, it
having been considered that sufficient time will yet
elapse for that purpose, the period of paying out
the cab's being the month of August next.
The Eurydice, 26 guns, Captain J W. Tarleton,
C. 8., &c., arrived at the Little Nore at eight a.m.
yesterday last from Portsmouth. She will be towed
to Chatham immediately she has discharged. her
powder, &c., to be paid off.
The Colossus, 80 guns, screw steamship, Captain
T. S. Thompson, steamed into harbour at Sheerness
yesterday. On Captain-Superintendent John Jervis
Tucker inspecting the Colossus the crew were put
through a most rigid course of practice, which they
performed with 'credit to themselves and their
officers. The Colossus will be paid off about the
18th inst., and is to be placed in the second class
steam squadron of reserve.
The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—C..H. Eden, midshipman,
to the Hastings ; A. B. Glanville, midshipman, to
the Princess Charlotte ; C. A. Martin, second-mas-
ter, to the Princess Charlotte ; F. H. Rose, assist-
ant-surgeon, to the Columbine ; J. L. Sands, as-
sistant-surgeon, to the Brilliant ; and D. M. Shaw,
assistant-surgeon, to the Victory.

ELECTION INTELLIGENCE.

LEEDS.

A vacancy haying been caused in the represen-
tation of the borough of Leeds by the death of
Mr. Robert Hall, the nomination of candidates to
fill the vacant seat took place yesterday at spacious
hustings erected on Woodhouse Moor, iu the out-
skirts of the borough. There were two candidates,
Mr. John Remington Mills, of London, on the
Liberal side, who was the unsuccessful' candidate at
the late election, and Mr. George Skirrow Bee-
croft, of Kirkstall, on the Conservative side.
There was a large muster of the friends of the
respective candidates, there being present on the
Moor from 15,000 to 20,000 persons. Mr. J.
Bottesill, the Mayor of Leeds, presided as thl
returning officer. The proceedings were of an
animated, but peaceable character.
Mr. FAIRBAIRN nominated Mr. Mills, who was
seconded by Mr. GEORGE.
Mr. J. R. W. ATKINSON proposed Mr. Beecroft,
who was seconded by Mr. C. BOUSFIELD.
Mr. MILLS addressed the electors, and declare%
himself in favour of economy in the national ex-
penditure, progress in legisla ive enactments, and
peace iu foreign policy. He was in favour of the
removal of Jewish disabilities, church-rates, and
ministers' money in Ireland, and he would sup-
port a large extension of the franchise, giving it
the protection of the ballot. In answer to a question,
he declared himself opposed to the division of the
country into electoral districts.
Mr. BEECROFT, in his address to the electors,
said that he was a moderate Conservative, and
should go into Parliament an independent mem-
ber and unpledged. He was opposed to any re-
duction in the property qualiticat ion of the franchise,
but would extend the franchise to all educated and
intelligent men. He would give the Reform Bill
promised on the part of the Government his
best and most liberal consideration. It was not
right that small boroughs, having. a population of
00 or 300 electors, should send as many members to
Parliament as large towns containing 10, 20.. or 30
times that number. He was in favour of the Bill for
the admission of Jews to Parliament, and should sup-
port an equitable settlement of the Church-ra e
question. He declared himself in favour of grants
by the nation in aid of voluntary support of educa-
tion, and ho *as opposed to the ballot. He would
not disturb the Maynooth grant.
The show of hands was declared to be in favour
of Mr. Beecroft.

A poll was demanded on behalf of Mr. Mills, and
was appointed to take place to-day (Friday) from 8
in the morning to 4 in the afternoon.
On the motion of Mr. Beecroft, seconded by Mr.
Mills, a vote of thanks was given to the Mayor,
and the proceedings of the nomination were
brought to a close.

CARMARTHENSHIRE.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
We are likely to have a contest. Mr. Lloyd
Davies, the rejected of Cardigan, has offered himself
as an " independent" man, promising to support
Lord Palmerston, when he thinks him right, and
otherwise when he thinks him wrong. A sort of
hole and corner meeting was held at Carmarthen,
yesterday, to try to come to some sort of arrange-
ment as to the candidate the Conservative, party
should support. Three gentlemen were' named,
Mr. Lloyd Davies, Sir James Hamilton, and Mr.
the intelligent
he Liberal
Conservativempaanr t:
David Pugh, formerly the respected chairman of
the Quarter Sessions. The proceedings at this
meeting were unsatisfactory, and ended in Mr.
Pugh's friends withdrawing. A majority of the
gentlemen present were in favour of Mr. Davies,
and a deputation sent to Mr, Pugh accordingly,
but Mr. Pugh's friends reached his residence first,
and the result is that he is expected to contest the
election. Mr. Pugh is a Liberal Conservative, and
I understand will give
ocafofmaaier
most independent
teoiptetlnhs
deeepxnrpteescaetnendat
Government. This gentleman is a barrister, and
highly
used to ghcoi
lhetaormatchtree.r7pourgAtthisewrnni
lolC
gibrecenu
tisltue.mpHpaonerteisaa
y awnldll
strictly. o
backed by
`to the theLi
berais. phalanx, ill also the
eligibility of Mr. Pugh
. by
warmlyeuprightd that,
loitue b ot fwa
st
generally believed that Mr. Davies muslcawannitdhbdeirtanwios
Unless he wishes to involve himself in a complete
defeat at the poll.

LADVERTISEMENT.I—It is ever a pleasing duty of a journalist
to introduce to his readers some new discovery calculated to
benefit that vast portion of our fellow creatures which has the
strongest claims upon our sympathies. It is with this feeling
that we call the attention of invalids to the following extracts
from Du Barry's interesting report of cures without medicine
of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous,
Bilious, and Liver Complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption,
and Debility, by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food .—Cure
No. 52,422.—Bridgehouse, Frimky, 3d Ap ri1,.1854.-1 have
suffered these 33 years continually from diseased lungs, spit-
tingdoefafbnersesah and cough, and
in the ears,
o f
constipation,blood, ldebility,ivei derangement,s
h ortn e s
s
during that period taken so much medicine that I can safely
say I have laid out upwards of a thousand pounds at the
chemists and doctors. Indeed I was hi utter despair and
never expected to get over it, when I was fortunate enough to
be cone° acquainted with you Revalenta Arabica, which, Heaven
be praised, restored me to a state of health I long since despair-
ed of attaining. My lungs, liver, stomach, head, and cars are
all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to
all niy acquaintances.—JAmEs ROBBRTS, Wood Merchant._
;supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of
Chemistry, Dr. Andrew tire ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ;
Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer; Dr. Ingram ;
Lord Stuart do Decies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle-
stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable
persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other
means of cure had failed. For further particulars respect-
ing this invaluable food our readers aro referred toDu Barry's
advertisement in another part of this paper,

_ R MAJESTY'S THE ATRE.I
11-JL Alboni, Spezia, Giuglini, Beneventano,
Vialetti, 33elletti.
TO-MORROI' EVENING, SATURDAY, June 6,
LUCIA DI LAMMERMOOR.
Lucia, Piccolomini ; Edgardo, Sig. Ginglini.
After which will be produced an entirely New Ballet, in
Two Tableaux, composed expressly for her Majesty's Theatre
by Massa, entitled
ACALISTA.
Madlle. Rolla ; Acalista
FIRST TABLEAU—Terpsichore,
Madame Perea Nena; Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, Mdlle
Michelet, Mdlle. karliski, and Mdlle. Brunetti; Amyntas
H. Baratti.
SECOND TABLEAU—(The Vision Realised).—Seville.—
Acalista, Madame Perea Nena; Concbitti and Carmen, Mdls.
Pasquali and Morlacchi ; Pepe, M. Gambardelli ; Manolo,
M. Dfagsot.. Spaniards.
Far particulars, see bills.
A limited number of Boxes in the Half-circle Tier have been
orcially reserved for the public, and may be had on applica-
tion at the Box-office, at the Theatre Colonnade, Haymarket.
Price One Guinea and One Guinea and a Half each.

LES BOUFFES PARISIENS—St. JAMES'S
THEATRE. Triumphant Success of the
FRENCH PLAYS.
THIS EVENING (FRIDAY), June 5, the entertain•
manta will commence at half-past 8 o'clock precisely, by
the performance of Opera-Bouffe, en un Acte, L'IMPRE-
SARIO. M. Caillet, M. Charles Petitt, Mdlle. Dalmont,
and Mdlle. Mace.
After which, Opera-Comique, en un Acte, L'OPERA AUX
FENETRES. M. Leonce, M. 'Papal, M. Charles Petit, and
Mdlle. Dalmont.
To conclude with (drat time) Operette-Bouffe, en un
Acte, SIX DEMOISELLES A MARIER. M. Pradean, M.
Tayan,lddlle. Macs, and Mille. Mareschal.
This Engagement being limited to one month, Performances
will be given EVERY EVENING.
-Boxes, stalls, and tickets may be engaged at Mr. Mitchell's
Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street.

THE T R E-R OYA. L, DRURY-LANE,
Lessee, Mr.M. T. Smith.

• • , OPEN EVERY EVENING.
GREAT EQUESTRIAN AMERICAN and CONTINENTAL
COMPANY, under the direction of Miss Ella.
Prkes—Pit and Promenade, is ; Boxes, 2s. 6d.. 25., and Is.
.6d. ; Galleries, 6d. Doors open at half-past 7. Commence
at 8.

--
First Equestrian Artistes in the World :—Madame Schap-
lain, Madame Newsome, La Petite Wells, Signora Delavanti,
and Miss Ella ; Miss E. J. Wells, Mdlles. Flora, Fabia, and
and Marie, Misses Newsome, Moffatt, Delavanti, Potter. Jen-
nings ; the Manchester Boy, Masters J. Wells, A. Wells, E.
Moffatt,•llenrico and Carlo Delavanti, Sig. Felix Delavanti,
Mons. - Becq, Mons. Ferdinand, Mons. Eugene, Mr. Tom
Swann, Mr. B. Fuller, Mr. W. Fuller, and the great Shaks-
pzian Clown, Wallett, will appear each evening in a series of
Performances, original and unapproachable. Director—Mr.
Stokes. Acting Manager—Mr. E. Stirling.

ROY AL PRINCESS'S THELTRE.
THIS EVENING will be performed
Shakespere's tragedy of
KING RICHARD THE SECOND.
King Richard H., Mr. C. Kean ; Queen, Mrs. C. hewn.
Preceded by a new Farce, in ono act, called
AN ENGLISHMAN'S HOUSE IS HIS CASTLE.

•
THEATRE ROYAL, Ef A YMARKET
Lessee—Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, to commence at Seven o'clock. with
a new drama, in two periods, entitled THE HUSBAND OF
♦N HOUR. Mr. Buckstone, &c.
Followed by a new farce, MY SON, DIANA!
After which, the successfu' Classical Love Story, un-
der the Apple-lation of A rALXNTA ; or, Tho Three Golden
Apples : in which Miss M. Oliver will appear; also Miss M.
Wilton, and Miss Ellen Ternan.
In future the prices will be:—
Orchestra Stalls (which may be retained the whole of the
evening), 6s. each. (No charge for booking.)
First Price. s. d, Second price. s. d.
Dress Boxes 5 0 Dress Boxes 3 0
Upper Boxes. .3 Upper Boxes 2 0
Pit . .
Lower Gallery 1 0 Lower Gallery 0 6
Upper Gallery 0 6No half-price to Upper Gallery.

THEATRE ROYAL, A DELPHI
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.

THIS EVENING, will be performed the new drama of
GEORGE DA RVILLE, in which Mr. BanjaminWehster, Mr.
Wright, Mr: Paul Redford, and Madame Celeste will perform,
After which, THE PRETTY GIRLS OF STILBEND, in
which Mr. Web.ter will appear.
To conclude with •A NIGHT AT NOTTING-HILL, Mr,
Wright, &e.

TyOYAI, SURREY THEATRE,
, Lessees, Messrs. Shepherd and Creswiek.
THIS EVENING will be performed THE BOHEMIAN
GIRL Mr. Haigh awl Lucy Escott.
After which, THE VILLAGE SMITH. Mr. Widdicomb,
Miss M. Eburne, &c.

STRAND THEATRE.—BOSCO will APPEAR
THIS EVENING, in his Fairy Temple of the Magi, in
bis wondrous Entertainment of Natural Magic, Music, and
Ventriloquism, illustrated by gorgeous paraphernalia and
superb display of vertu. Stalls, Ss ; boxes, 2s ; pit, is ;
gallery, 6d. A Morning Performance on Saturdays, at 2.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. Alfred Wigan.
THIS EVENING, will be performed A SHEEP
IN WOLFS CLOTHING.
After which, a new drama, called DADDY HARD ACRE,
Mr. Robson, &c.
To conclude with THE WANDERING MINSTREL.
Commence at half-past Seven.

STLEY'S ROYAL AMP HITHEATRE
AND OPERA. HOUSE.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.
Under the patronage of Her Majesty and His Royal Highness
Prince Albert.
Continued and increasing success of the Grand Opera.
. Euormens attraction for the Whitsun Holidays.
THIS EVENING (FRIDAY, June 5), Verdi's far-famed
Opera of IL TROVATOR.E ; cr, The GiPsy's Vengeance.
The whole of the Music as performed at the Italian Opera
and Eqxestrian Illustrations.
Miss Rebecca Isaacs,
Miss M. Somers,
and
Miss Fanny Huddart.

Mr. Augustus Brabam,
Mr. Brookhouso Bowler,
Mr. Francis Kirby,
Mr. J. A. Leffler, and
Mr. Borrani.
Conductor and Composer—Herr Meyer Lutz.
With a powerful Band and Chorus.

Manager and Director of the Opera Company—Mr. Augustus
Braham.

After which, Mr. Wm. Cooke's Holiday programme of
novel and peerless SCENES in the ARENA.
To conclude with the farce of SALLY SMART ; or, The
Clockmaker's Hat.

Commence at seven o'clock. Dress Boxes, 4s. ; Upper
Boxes, 3s. ; Private Boxes, from 215., uo charge for booking;
P.t,„ 2s. ; Gallery, is. ; Upper Gallery, (Id.
Notice---During the Opera Season Half-price will take place
et _9 o'clock.

Box office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager,
Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Cooke, jun.

CANTERBURY MALL, Westminster-road.--
OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The follow-
ing company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of
"elections from all the popular Operas, Madrigals, Choruses,
Glees, Duets, &c., viz.: Miss E. Pearce, Mrs. J. Caulfield,
Miss Brunel', Miss Subathers, and Madame Marietta; Mr. J.
Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans, R. ;Grover, T. Fervent, S.
Jones, J., Barker, W. Melling, P. Coral, Senor Antonio M.
cle Sae, and E. L. .lime ; Masters Bennett and Corri ;
Messrs. Sam Collins, and E. Mackney. Pianoforte
Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun.; Erector,
Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at Seven o'clock 'precisely,
Suppers, &0., until, twelve o'clock.