The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-03 00:00:00

TilE ARMY.

The General Order of the 4th of March, 1861,
and published in The Sun subsequently to that
date, which exempts the officers of the Royal En-
gineers from passing the Staff examination in order
to qualify themselves for appointments in the
General Staff of the army, has caused much sur-
prise among the officers of the Royal Artillery, the
grounds of exemption in the General Order being.
given " in consequence of the high standard of ex-
amination the officers of Engineers are required to
pass before obtaining their commissions." It may
therefore be appropriately remarked that the officers
of the Royal Artillery pass precisely the same amount
of examination as the officers of the Engineers, and
generally in every batch of Cadets gazetted to
commissions there are officers of the Royal Artil-
lery who pass higher examinations than the officers
of the Royal Engineers. It appears, therefore, that
the officers of the Royal Artillery have a well-
grounded cause of dissatisfaction, as an undue par-
tiality has been thus conferred on the sister branch
of the service, of which the Commander-in-Chief
cannot be fully cognizant. From the high opinion
publicly expressed on various occasions of the
scientific qualifications of the Royal Artillery on
his Royal Highness's inspection and review of the
regiment at Woolwich, it is considered that if the
anomaly were brought under the duke's notice it
would cease to exist, if only on the consideration
that a reflection is thereby cast on the professional
capabilities of the officers of the Royal Artillery, of
which they conceive they have an individual right.
to complain.
The bugle band of the Royal Artillery at Wool-
wich yesterday commenced playing for the season
on the front parade from tattoo until roll-call, and
will continue to do so until further orders.

NORTB ITALY.

(From the Times' Correspondent')

TURIN, MARCH 31.
I endeavoured, in my yesterday's letter, to give
you my views of the ground there might be for
those alarms of an outbreak of hostilities on the Po
and Mincio which for the last few days have per-
plexed politicians, and blanched the cheeks of stock-
holders. The immediate danger is removed ; for,
as I told you, the Austrians have reoccupied those
districts of the so-called Oltre-po-Mantovano (Ser.
mide, Gonzaga, and Rovere), which they seemed
most certainly to have evacuated with a view to
lure the Italians to a deed of aggression which
might point them out as common peaccbreakers.
The Italians did not fall into the trap,
and matters are now, to all appearance, on
the same footing as before. Both parties are
equally penetrated with the necessity of keeping
th peace—both equally panting for a good reason
to go to war. On the part of Italy war is long since
actually, most openly, irrevocably declared; but
the declaration will only be followed up by positive
hostilities when the newly-united nation shall be in-
ternally and externally strong enough to vindicate
an indisputable right. Oa the Austrian side Villa-
franca was looked upon as a peace with France, but
only an armistice with Sardinia. The Mincio may
be closed against Austria by treaties ; but the Po,
or rather the defenceless Modenese frontier on the
right bank of that river, is a barrier which she is not
only entitled, but in sacred duty bound to leap over.
Each within his own limits, the two implacable
enemies neglect no opportunities for mutual provo-
cation ; well aware as both are that the first who
shall venture to take up the gauntlet which they
are perpetually flinging into each other's face will
have to encounter European opinion arrayed on the
side of his adversary. Notwithstanding the masses
of troops which Austria is described as incessantly
pouring down into devoted Venetia, it seems almost
impossible to believe that she will add to the enor-
mous burden of unpopularity under which she is
labouring by setting fire to a train of which no
living man can see the end. She has suffered her
best chances to slip one by one—the throes
of Central Italian annexation, the discontent
arising from the cession of Savoy and Nice, the
diversion in the South by Garibaldi, arid the
expedition into the Marshes and Umbria by Fanti
and Cialdini. Now, this latter General, a hero in
the eyes of his triumphant division, at the head
of the conquerors of Castelfidardo, with all the
might of the cannon of Ancona, Gaeta, and Messina,
has come back to his old quarters in the Emilia ;
armed resistance is at an end in the Two Sicilies,
and, as for mere civil broils and party agitation,
even if the mobilized national guards of Northern
Italy were not sufficient to keep the peace at
Naples and Palermo, the Turin Government might
well afford to let political passions run riot for one
season, sure that any internal difficUlty is best
settled by the solution of the great foreign question.
Were it only possible to draw Austria to an un-
provoked act of aggression, no doubt Count Cavour
would bring the whole Italian nation, no less than
the whole Royal army, into the field. Mazzinianism
and Garibaldism are only formidable so long as
they are in the van of the national combatants;
but let the King's Government take its station in
the foremost ranks, and parties will be hushed up
till after the termination of the war. Count Cavour
knows all this; he labours under no uneasiness
about Austrian attacks ; but he is, however, so well
convinced of the fatal results which might be
expected from an offensive line of policy, that he
was, even lately, turning the attention of the people
from Venice by pointing to Rome as the most
immediate aim of Italian ambition. The Quadri-
lateral, he is well aware, is a hard bone to gnaw,
and the question of Venice, whatever may be
thought of M. von Vincke's sympathies, cannot be
settled with Austria alone.

The only question is, is Count Cavour the abso-
lute master of the situation in Italy ? Is he the real
doorkeeper of Janus's Temple, and can he reckon
without Garibaldi, Bertani, and all those headlong
patriots who seemingly stole a march upon him last
spring, and effected their landing at Marsala.
It is the almost superstitious dread of Garibaldi's
daring which may inspire Austria with a rashness,
the last phase of terror and despair. You have not
forgotten, I hope, that soon after Garibaldi's expe-
dition to Sicily, not only thousands of volunteers
from all classes of society hastened to swell his
ranks, but that a. great part of the Royal army had I
been actually demoralised by the fever of warlike
adventure, and that from every Piedmontese corps,
and still more from the corps recruited in the
newly-annexed provinces, deserters in great num-
bers quitted their standards with arms and equip-
ment, and with their very Royal coats on their
backs made for the next harbour to embark for the
Southern crusade. You have not forgotten how
the Ferrara Brigade attempted to go off almost in
a body, to the great distress and despair of its
colonel, Cosenz, who, after doing his best to resist
the impulse of his soldiers, ended by being dragged
along with them, and put himself at the head of
the third Garibaldian expedition.
Well, something of that frantic enthusiasm
which last year so nearly exposed the north of
Italy to invasion, from an ungovernable hurry to
rescue the south from thraldom, seems now that
spring brings round the warlike season to creep
along the ranks of the Italian army no less than
among the multitude. Secret agents, who go by
the name of Mazzinians, and style themselves
Garibaldians, have been busy secretly enlisting
soldiers out of the regular regiments, who are
instructed to keep
themselves ready for the call
that will not long be delayed. More than 8,000
men in different corps, all armed and
equipped,
are said to have been thus solemnly bespoken ; the
recruiting parties are, it is said, either non-com-
missioned officers in the various regiments or agents
In every variety of disguises, and even women.
Money, it is again
rumoured, is freely lavished

. x ','..\tz,ft„„--Th,-,-.4,-- zfq
~..<':it=--:4.."eNS/"41
among them, and more largely premised; nor are p, a s
the inducements of a double pay and speedy
promotion' held, back, where appeals to pat 7
riotism might be less efficiently resorted
to. These enrolments are no longer a secret
to anybody here, and_ the liberal moderate press _
allud4s to them with serious alarm. Journals of
other colours deny that :' ildian party has
any share in these 0..... ' and incautious
youths are set on their -... at these agents,
whom they characterise as ii winaiers ; but that some
of them, fir from making the enlistment an object
of speculation, are investing large sums in it is not
a matter of doubt. Where the money comes from,
and what the real aim of the recruitine parties
may be, time may show; but it would be idle to
deny that not a little has been accomplished by
these secret plotters, both among the civilians and
the military. _ _

As incessant movement is also perceptible among
those men who are thought to be deepest in Gari-
baldi's secrets, and the landing on the coasts of
Albania seems now to have been matter of serious
meaning, since the Ottoman Government has pro-.
claimed the blockade of that coast from Durazzo to
the Austrian frontier. No doubt, however, neither
Garibaldi, nor any other hot-headed partisan in
Italy would venture on an attack upon Austria,
without relying on a simultaneous movement in
Hungary and other provinces of the Empire.
From the precautions taken by Austria to guard
the Tonale, the Stelvio, and other passes, it would
seem that she is apprehensive of some onset on the
Italian Tyrol, where, as you know, Garibaldi is the
idol of the population. Those mountain gorges,
however, will hardly be the scene of actual hostili-
ties for two or three months, as Garibaldi is too
much at home • among them to venture on Alpine
warfare before June.

General Della Marmora has resisted not only
Aims, but even the" Kiugc_s pressiu_.
invitation to withdraw the resignation of his com-,
mand. The discussion of the 23d of March has:
deprived the country of his services. _

NAPLES, MARCH 27.

I think it of sufficient importance to communicate
to you that the French steamer Cephise, which
arrived from Malta yesterday, brought in 170 Hun-
garian volunteers from Constantinople. They are
most of them men of distinguished families, and
were received by Lieutenant Walker, who is in com-
mand of the Hungarian Legion, now in Nola, of
which legion the new arrivals will form a part. Of
course, they will all be immediately disbanded pro
forma, and will leave for their destination, which,
if lam not very wrong, will be Montenegro. To-
wards the end of the month a still larger body of
Hungarians will arrive from the same point, and,
judging from appearance, war is stealing upon us
by degrees. During the last two or three months
I have informed you that secret enrolments were
going on for some unknown service, but on ques-
tioning those who had been enrolled I was always
informed that it was for Hungary. At the same
time that the important step has been taken which
is the principal subject of my letter, our walls are
covered with placards headed " Roma e Venezia,"
calling on the population to liberate those cities
In short, the Italian mind is full of agitation, and,
even if it be true that the Central Government is
desirous of avoiding war, it appears to me that it
will have great difficulty in resisting the general
impulse. Sir Thomas and Lady Cochrane came up
by the Cephise yesterday from Malta, and left on
the same day for Marseilles, The Foxhound, Capt.
Mitchell, left yesterday, under orders for Smyrna.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

(From the RegistrarGenerar s Weekly Return.)

The rate of mortality in London has been very
uniform during the last five weeks. In the week
that ended last Saturday the deaths registered were
1,236. The average number, as obtained from the
returns of the corresponding weeks of ten years
1851-60, and corrected for increase of population, is
1;580, and the result of the comparison, namely, a
reduction in the week of 344 deaths below the
average, must be viewed with satisfaction.

In 1853 and 1860 the deaths in the last week of
March rose above 1,700, chiefly in consequence of
pulmonary complaints. The deaths now returned
are therefore about 500 less than they were in either
of those weeks, though there has been an increase
of population, which, since the first of the periods
mentioned, must be considerable.
But though the mortality from all causes is at
es
hpirghrt The weekly
wtheaetkifyro
average whooping-cough
hthis
disease specially
from
f
has been 80; last week the number rose to 104.
The corrected average for corresponding
weeks is
09. All the deaths except 13 occurred to children
under three years of age. The complaint appears
to prevail chiefly in the neighbourhood of the
Regent's Park, so many as eight deaths from it
being recorded in the sub-district that bears the
name of that locality. There were 'l3 fatal cases
of whooping-cough in the Greenwich and Rother-
hithe districts ; 4 in the sub-district of St. Paul
Hammersmith. It was last week as fatal as the
six following zymotie diseases combined—small-
pox, measles, scarlatina, diphtheria, typhus, and
diarrhcea.

Thirty deaths were registered from measles, a
number which does not exceed the average ; but
the fact that so large a proportion as 11 out of 30
was contributed by Kentish Town demands obser-
vation. Three occurred in the east districts, and
not one in the large population on the south side
of the river. Measles has been'prevalent in Ken-
tish town for some time ; 6 and 5 deaths respec-
tively were registered there in the two previous
weeks.

Of 24 deaths referred to typhus 7 were caused by
gastric fever. Glanders was fatal in two cases ;in
one to a veterinary surgeon, in the second to a
bone-chopper.
Last week the births of 1031 boys and 943 girls,
in all 1974 children, were registered in London.
In the ten corresponding week; of the years 1851-
60 the average number was 1881.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.526 in.
The readings rose to 29.81 in. on Monday, and fell
to 29.30 in, on Wednesday. The mean temper-
ature of the air in the week was 46.2
deg., which is 3.7 deg. above the average
of the same week in 43 years (as determined by
Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was
above the average throughout the week. The
thermometer in the shade rose to its highest point,
61.8 deg., on Sunday, and fell to its lowest point,
36.5 deg., on Friday. The range of the week was
therefore 25.3 deg. The mean daily range was
16.8 deg. The difference between the mean dew-
point temperature and air temperature was 1.3 deg.
The mean degree of humidity of the air was 96,
complete saturation being represented by 100, which
point was closely approached on Monday, Tuesday,
and Thursday. The wind blew generally from the
south-west. The total amount of rain was 0.36
inches, most of which fell on Monday. The mean
temperature of the water of the Thames was 45.2.
deg, The thermometer in the sun was so high as
111 deg. on Sunday, 108.5 'deg. on Tuesday, ant
106 deg. on Good Friday.

diseases, but Du Barry'sdelicious Revalenta Ara , Arabi Foea
[ADVERT is EMENT.] --Medicine al ways aggravates ell,ronk3
few ont of many thousands of gratitude from
_IT
rs'"an'"d
invariably cures them in a very short time. We Tn-tvrftc:At.a.
Cure 36,418. Rev. Dr. Minster of cramps, Er:iia.t.'rha,...a.
daily vomitings. Cure 26,418. Dr. Harveycoor;Th
and debility. Cure 39,628. Dr. Wurtzer
reofhar7 7 i-.l"in''.
Cure 46,270. Mr Jamesßoberts, timber-rf,lblood, liver de-
Cure !No. 4'8,314,
ley, of 30 years diseased lungs, spit..tjoilg47,l2l. Miss:Ye-237a.
rangement, partial deafness. Cure L'' indigestion, F;ather-
beth Jacobs, of extreme nervousneroL.
ings, low spirits, and nervous
they invariably aggrav ate and
, „fearnee, near Live rpool,a (cure of
yb,yeauvsei
sn g 5
eDußeurrs
its Food
Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, GaSerrors of nervous irTit ability.
10 years dyspepsia, and all th.
Avoid Pills and Medicines.
effectually, w,thent ptarginK
their annoyance, disappointment
perpetuate diseasbees
e;avre°irdedda
andwhi
cehx,paetn sae mayte prm .
vfn g
other remedies,. r .
n (dyspepsia) nervous, bill - --,i
indigestion
0 118 an
constipation,.
liver complaints and all their consequences. Cei tificata
We find it the safest remedy, An
Andre w Ure,
418.
No. 36, it S Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr Sh 1 id, .
DID, F.-- '' avoid the . Or 8.1
11 Let invalids fearful dangers, of epu-
CamPe • • • .
and injurious imitations offered under a v v .riety of
spu-
rious
false pretences. 'Nevill's imitations are prohibit R d by the
high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,0 40 against
Alfred Hooper Nevill and his agents; and the pretences
that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Foal sad that Du
Barry's are connected with such patent sxe utterly false.
No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry
and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, onth' a seal and wrapper.
Shopkeepers who attempt imposition i n one article must
expect to be distrusted in all others. I packed in tins lib.
2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; Sib. 11s.; 121 b, 2' 26.; 241 b. 40s. The
121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent me riage free on receipt
of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77.,..
gent-street, London; Fortnum Mum 1, and Co.;
,tDD'°)
16 Ox-
-60, Gracechurch-street ;4, Cheapside ,; 63 and ,
0 Blab opsgate-
bard-street ; 330 and 451, Strand 49 at q... 9.
id _minim and Ce.
street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury Pavement
.; „,„„.--_- '
.street
tea-dealers ; Petty, Wood, and Co., Si tug war, an
City ; at 127 High Holborn; pgd gal MOO
I