The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-21 00:00:00

STATE OF NAPLES.

A letter from Naples, dated Oct. 13, says,—Since
I wrote yesterday I have ascertained that the fol-
lowing, among other documents, were found on the
Reactionists who lately landed is the Calabrias.
They are, of course, of vital interest in the grand
process which is in course of preparation, and will
have a certain historical interest for those of your
readers who have followed the course of the Italian
revolution. The first letter I speak of is one from
General Bosco, dated the 10th of July, 1861. Then
follows, in the order of the " instruction," one
signed "F. de B." There are several letters signed
' Pio," and several written in this sense :—They
deplore the fact that the foreign Powers had aban-
doned, the cause of his Majesty, and recommended
him to place himself at the head of his forces. They
speak also of many officers who had been admitted
into the service of his Sicilian Majesty. In one
letter we read :

" Meanwhile let ustrust that this evil is drawing
near to an end. The manifesto of Mazzini is enough
to open the eyes of even the most incredulous, and
if the Pope and General de Lamoriciere . .
between them the duel between Victor Emmanuel
and the corifei of the revolution will be a pleasant
diversion."

Another letter, written in August, says :
" At Marseilles money and men are treated as
articles 01 commerce."

The landing in the Calabrias is predicted, and the
Ministry of Calarica. Another letter, signed
" Beilla," and directed to General Borges, says :
" Luvara is a coward; on his arrival intends to
recommend himself as a Liberal, even more Liberal
than the Piedmontese. Gaeta immortalised itself
with the tricoloured standard, and the shield of the
Bourbon in the centre is that which was adopted
and sworn to by the King. If the white standard
has the greatest influence over the masses, you can
adopt it, but adding the tricoloured cravatte, for
you know that the proud duty of Francis 11. is to
raise up a true Italy."

These are but scanty pickings, but the reserve
which is necessary in a process not as yet made
public prevents my communicating more. Yet
they are sufficient to prove several important points
—first, the indulgence with which the French
authorities regarded the activity of the Reactionists
in Marseilles, one of their principal nests; secondly,
the complicity of Francis 11. in the conspiracy,
which has been denied; and thirdly, that Rome has
been, as it is, the centre of the movement. As to the
suggestion that Francis IL should place himself at
the head of his forces, it was all moonshine. He
durst not do so in the early days of September,
1860, when by so doing he might have saved his
kingdom, and it was highly improbable thas he
would do so now, when he had none but the off-
scourings of the nations to command. It has been
a safe policy to sit at ease in Rome, to weave the
web of conspiracy under the protection of the
Franco-Papal authorities, and send out hired assas-
sins to plunder, burn, and violate. Many of the
documents at which I have glanced above were
found in Bourges's portmanteau. A great propor-
tion of the press has reported that he has been
taken and shot, but the truth is, I believe, that he
has fled, and has not been heard of. The brigan-
dage, though much reduced in its proportions, and
for all political purposes destroyed, is still in many
directions very irritating, We hear frequently of
persons being carried off and prices put on their
heads; of the couriers being stopped, passengers
beaten, and letters torn up; of bands in Potenza,
Avellino, and Benevento. Of course, in a country
like this, where no impulse has ever been given to
industry, and where law has ever assumed the form
of a tyrant, and he who resisted it was respected as
a martyr, there must be a large amount of floating
crime and misery which the sword alone cannot put
down. In fact, to send out large bodies of disci_
plined men, with artillery to boot, against mere
cutpurses, seems to be like directing a cannon
against a fly. The soldiers aro worn out and
irritated by pursuing an enemy unworthy of them,
and whom they often cannot succeed in ferreting
out. The best mode of action would be to send
out the Guardia Mobilo on the spot, if they could
be depended on, and hold them responsible for the
tranquillity of the neighbourhood, as was done by..
Filangieri in Sicily ; none, indeed, but the inhabi-
tants of any particular locality can know the places
where these brigands harbour. I fear, however,
there are more difficulties than are apparent on the
surface in the way of trusting entirely to the Guardia
Mobile, and depots of regular troops will be un-
doubtedly necessary in various places.
During the last week there has been considerable
movement here among the Regulars and Nationals
without one being able to ascertain the real object.
As I told you, I think, yesterday, some were of
opinion that fresh landings were apprehended,
others that the band commanded byCipriano,havin*
been defeated by Pinelli, was flying to the fastnesses
about Vesuvius and S )mma. I think, however, that
some coup is intended, rind that an cifert is to be
made to destroy the bands at once. For this pur-
pose the Piedmontese in Avellino have been rein-
forced by two battalions of the National Guard, and
an effort will be made to surround Cipriano, who
commands, as I hear, 300 men. A still more neces-
sary work, however, will be to prevent any acces-
sions to the bands by employing and feeding a
hungry population; for, if this be not done, rest
assured that the brigands who roam about the coun-
try, insignificant from their numbers, will have
their ranks increased by all who are hunger-struck.
The address to Garibaldi, begging him to lead
them to Rome, has already received 20,000'signa-
tures in the Neapolitan provinces, and though as
compared with the population the number may ap-
pear small, yet, if we take into consideration that
but a small proportion of the people can write, it is
really very large. This observation would imply
that crosses have not been received, and I believe
that this is almost strictly the case, there not being
more than 40 or 17)0 attached. Indeed, the principle
acted upon has been to refuse crosses. M ith or
without, however, it makes very little difference,
except for creating a sensation, for no one in
his senses can imagine that the address will be
of any value for practical purposes. Gari-
baldi will not head them, and if he did the sub-
scribers would not follow him while the French
were in occupation. Rome is absolutely necessary
to the South of Italy, and without it there is fear
of confusion and continued agitation, from the want
of centrality in the capital, and from the intrigues
which are being found in Rome, but, unless the
French say the word, Garibaldi will not venture in
so mad a project, nor will those who sign their
names take any other step than that. It is a cheap
and a safe bit of enthusiasm. It has been signed,
however, by many respectable and official persons,
fis for instance, by the Provincial Councils of Bene-
vento and Avellino, who have attached their offi-
cial by the \clergy and the Guard of Public