The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 15, 1861.

nUCKLEYS'.-To-night at 8. Great attraction
for the CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. Grand Extra
Mid-day Performances, every Wednesday and Saturday
Afternoons at 3, and the ustal liepre entat'on at 8 every
Evening. ST. JAMES'S HALL, Piccadilly. Stalls, 35.;
Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls. Places can be secured at the office
from 10 till 5. 28, Piccadilly. Change of Programme.—
Crowded Houses !

AT R. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN-
A- MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY-
GRAPHIC HALL. King Wil iam-street, Charing-cross,
TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at
Eight. Private boxes, £1 ls. • Stalls and box stalls, 3s. ;
area, 2s. ; amphitheatre, ls. A 7 plan of the stalls may be
seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box-
office, from 10 till 4. Morning* Performance, Saturday, Jan.
12.

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION (Limited).—
Now Open with Great Novelties. Mornings, 12 to 5.
Evenings, 7to 10.—Admission, Is. Schools, and Children
Tinder Ten Years of Age, Half-price.

EVANS'S Magnificent MUSIC and SUPPER
ROOMS, Covent-Garden.
MACKNEY has returned to this Establishment.
Suppers as usual after the Theatres.

CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. - ARGYLL
ROOMS.—GRAND MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT
with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established
eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal
Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by
lions. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, M. Boulcoint —Dancing
at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
High Holborn.—The most elegant entertainment in
the world. The dancing area is most extensive. The reading
and smoking rooms on either side of the spacious galleries are
replete with every comfort, and the refreshment rooms at-
tached to the ball room are unrivalled even by Oriental
beauty. The wines and refreshments are of the highest qua-
lity, and the band, conducted by Mr. Packer, stands alone for
its excellence. Admission, is.

OYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT
INSTITUTION.—The Committee of this Institution
earnestly APPEAL to the public for PECUNIARY ASSIST-
ANCE to aid them to meet the present heavy demands on
the limited funds of the Society. It has now 108 lifeboats,
some of which have saved last year 204 persons from a watery
grave.

THOMAS BARING, Chairman.
THOMAS CHAPMAN, Deputy-Chairman.
14, John-street, Adelphi, W.C.
Bankers—Messrs. Willis and Co. ; Coutts and Co. ; Herries
and Co.; and at the Institution.

THE INTERNATIONAL LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
142, Strand, London.
Empowered by Act of Parliament, for LIFE ASSURANCE
SURVIVORSHIPS, ANNUITIES, ENDOWMENTS, &c.
DIRECTORS.
EDMOND SHEPPARD SYMES, M.D., Chairman.
Tohn Elliotson, M.D.,Cantab., John Moss, Esq.
F.R.S. John Symes, Esq.
Henry J. Hodgson, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq.
SECRETARY TO THE BOARD.
Alexander Richardson, Esq. .
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
Augustus Blondel, Esq.
AUDITORS.
Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S., and Professor J. Radford.
Young.
MEDICAL REFEREE GENERAL.
J. Elliotson, M.D., Cantab., F.R.S., 37, Conduit-street.
ACTUARY.
W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.S.S., &o.
ASSISTANT ACTUARY.
Barker Woolhouse, Esq.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street.
SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Gregory, Gregory, Skirrow, and Rowcliffe, Bedford
row.

£, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
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NORTH ITALY.

A letter from Turin, dated Jan. 12, says :—We
are now in the heart of a very severe winter, but
cold weather in Italy, however intense, can be of
no long duration. Yet half a dozen weeks and a
campaign in Lombardy will be reft of its greatest
meteorologic terrors. In the midst of the most
bewildering conflict of exaggerated opinions, in-
separable from the nature of the unprecedented
crisis this country has been and is undergoing, it
is impossible not to perceive that there is one master
idea on which Italians of all colours are thoroughly
agreed, and that is, the necessity of working out
the complete independence and union of their own
country. By the beginning of March, or even
the middle of February, Garibaldi must needs
take the field. He is too desperately committed
to his own spontaneous engagements not to find a
prolonged sojourn at Caprera no less disgraceful
than it would prove irksome to him. The most
generous among his followers look upon their own
home as mere winter quarters, which they may be
summoned to leave on the first twitter of the return-

ing swallow. I know some of them to whom the
strongest inducements have been held out to take

service in the regular army, with liberal promises
to secure them the ranks they have so bravely
won at Calatafimi or on the Volturno, but who
stubbornly spurn the most tempting offers, to
preserve their full freedom to answer their beloved
chieftain's confidently expected call. The tidings of
Garibaldi's embarking at Caprera will be the signal
for a general rush to arms. The late Dictator of
the Two Sicilies undoubtedly will, two months
hence, find himself at the head of twice the force
which he had mustered under his banner as he
entered Naples, and this time neither the weapons,
nor the ammunition, nor the sinews of war will
fall short of his need, as they did on his first land-
ing at Mersale. The treasures of the Sicilian and
Neapolitan arsenals, the muskets and swords with
which a hundred too easily won Calabrian fields
were strewn, and the free contributions from English
and American warlike manufactories are scattered
about the country, and I very much question whether
at any time since Charles V. so many implements
of destruction were either in polsession or within
very easy reach of the Italian population as they are
at this present emergency. No imaginable condi-
tion of the country could be more favourable to the
enterprise of militant Garibaldism than the actual
strain of popular energies which the late commotions
have caused. Garibaldi will rise in arms, and there
is no doubt as to the point upon which his first
attack will be directed. The valour of his bands
will certainly be as inefficient against the ramparts
of Verona and Mantua as it proved against the less
formidable battlements of Capua or Gaeta. But the
Quadrilateral is not the only vulnerable side of
Austria, and there is no longer any doubt that the
first warlike outbreak will occur on the Adriatic
coast or the Danube. Between the Italian and the
Hungarian followers of the hermit of Caprera a
bond of blood has been cemented on the battlefield,
and the Court of Vienna must show no common
address if it can come to such terms with its
Magyar and Slavonic subjects as to make them
deaf to the charmer's voice, who will proclaim that
the best compact between a Sovereign and his
twice and thrice deluded subjects should be sealed
with the pommel of a drawn sword. Unquestion-
ably, Garibaldi may have to deal with Russia and
France, no less than with Austria and Germany,
he may have to set aside the conclusions of a
European Congress ; but his line of conduct has
long been chalked out for him by his own head-
long impulse; and he cannot swerve one inch
from it, whatever may be the consequences. So
long as the goal he aims at is the emancipation of
the whole soil of Italy, not only the passions, but
the sense of the country are all enlisted on his side.
With the most wary and timid the question is but
one of time and expediency; but on the main prin-
ciple there are no two opinions, and where one man
does not hesitate to lean, all his free countrymen
must be fain to follow.

There is only one man in the country who is not
fully at liberty to give in to the general movement,
and that is Count Cavour. Count Cavour stands to
some extent committed to the Anglo-French alli-
ance, and bound to the maintenance of order and
peace. A statesman at the head of a legal and re-
cognised Government is answerable to his country
and to his neighbours for any attempt of wb ich he
cannot calculate the probable results. The uncom-
promising audacity by which a guerilla chief
brusquely courts, and often wins, the smiles of for-
tune, would be stigmatised as unpardonable folly if
it were imitated, or even countenanced by a wary
diplomatist. Yet Cavour has been able hitherto to
guide only by following the current. He has reaped

the benefit of those Garibaldian achievements which
he would have been utterly unable to prevent. His
place of safety has always been, and still will be,
in the second line of Garibaldi's army. The day in
which he adopted any stronger measures against a
second Garibaldi exploit than vague apparent re-
monstrance and actual threadbare connivance would
mark the close of his political career. Should Turr,
Eber, and Bixio, and the noblest of the red-shirted
leaders, effect their purpose either in Dalmatia or
any other part of the disorganised Austrian empire,
Italy would have to co-operate with them, with or
without the eonsent and goodwill of King Victor
Emmanuel or his advisers.

It seems important to me that the great European
Powers should look well to this. Any question of
internal policy, the'pacification of Naples and Sicily,
the theories of centralisation and self-government,
and all such matters, will find a natural, however
arduous and, perhaps, not bloodless solution, either
in the deliberation of the national Parliament or in
the application of strong martial rule to the most
unreasonable, refractory provinces. Anyhow, the

Italians will settle their own home affairs withou

any danger to the public peace, so long as they are
left to themselves ; but on the question of Venetia

or on that no less important, though for the presen
adjourned, of Rome, nothing but the most crushing
force will ever induce the Italians to hear reason.
In Garibaldi they have found the man after their
own heart ; whithersoever he leads they will go
with him. Garibaldi's opponents will have no
power against him, unless they succeed in pre-
viously loosening the knot, or knots, which he is
preparing to cut.
It seems to me very clear that as the time for
outward action draws near the billows of domestic
agitation begin to abate. News from Naples is
to-day of a more reassuring character ; it is by no
means unlikely that the Prince of Carignano may
meet with a cordial reception in that town and
kingdom, notwithstanding the storm of unpopu-
larity which has been raised against the bevy of
his youthful advisers. Nor is it at all improbable
that the populace of Palermo, satisfied with his
easy triumph over the obnoxious Cordova and La
Farina may look with forbearance on the men who
have taken power as their successors. Torrearsa
is both an able and firm man and a highly respected
personage, and Emerico Amari is one of that pa-
triotic family whose name hallows the cause they
serve in the eyes of the Italians. After all, any
people will tire in time of clamour and riot, and
those who have something to lose in the Two Sici-
lies cannot look without misgiving on a chronic
disorder, which may well end in the ascendancy of
those who have all to gain from prolonged mischief.
Those South Italian populations, however noisy
and lawless, are also fickle and timid ; they break
out into sudden volcanic eruptions, but again they
as readily subside, without any apparent reason for
the ebb and flow of their subterranean fires.
The interest they will take in Garibaldi's next
move will easily engross the attention of men
whose strongest pretext for dissatisfaction rested on
Garibaldi's alleged slights. The first roar of the
onion aimed against a foreign foe will hush up the

outcry against home grievances. Count Cavour and
his Parliament will have no internal difficulties to
plead for their inactivity in the great national un-
dertaking. They must compound with France and
England, with Russia and Prussia, as they best can.
On what principles they may come to terms with
the great Powers it is not easy to foresee; but the
people of Italy will certainly listen to no compro-
mise. "He who is not with me is against me" will
be Garibaldi's motto, and woe to the statesman who
would hesitate in the alternative !