The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-09 00:00:00

THE MAILS.

MAILS DUE.
Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South-
ampton) .. .. May 19.
Do. (via Marseilles) May 13.
Brazil and Cape Verds June 4.
Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &o.
Cuba and Mexico .. May IA
Canada, &c. (via L'derry) .. May 8
Cape of Good Hope, &C. June 1.
China, Penang, and Singapore (vial S'anopton) May
Do (via Marseilles) May 13
Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. May 11.
India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) May 19.
Do. (via Marseilles) May 13.
India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. May 11.
Do. (via Marseilles) .. May 20.
Lisbon , .. May 11.
Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. May 11.
Do. (via Marseilles) .. June 4
Vigo, and Oporto .. .. • .. .. May 11.
United States, California, &c. May 15.
Western Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. May 10.
West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &a. May U.

TALE OF A SHARK.—The other day we heard the
following astounding narration from a son of the deep, and
remarkable as it is, we give it credence, on the ground that
the i'arrator was himself an eyewitness of the singular
scene. Somewhere about longitude 70 E. and latitude 35
S., the crew of a homeward-bound East-lndia merchant-
man caught what was supposed to be a large basking
slat, (selache nzazima), a species very rare in the Indian
Ocean. On pulling it on deck it was struck on-the head
repeatedly with a marline-pike, and when supposed dead
its mouth was gagged and the tail chopped off. It was
then opened up, and the heart and liver plucked out.
After lying for about an hour on deck, the animal was
heaved overboard, and on gaining its native element
(although its liver and heart were simmering in the cook's
copper) it revived, and swam away with its usual vigour,
apparently unaware of the loss it had sustained. Its move-
ments were eagerly watched by the Jacks on board, until
a shark of another species comieg from the stern seized it
and made off. We have often heard of the wonderful
tenwity with which the whole family of cartilaginous
fishes cling to life, but we have never seen recorded au in•
stance so extraordinary as the above.—Brechin Advertiser.

THE SEA AND THE LAND.—About 50 years ago,
when it was determined to erect a redoubt at Harwich, large
quantities of stone were dredged up and carried away from
the neighbourhood of the harbour— a proceeding which,
after a time, had the unexpected result of removing the
natural barrier to the stroke of the sea, and leaving the
sand and shingle to be driven along the beach and deposited
at the entrance of the harbour. Some years since the Go-
vernment determined to carry out a jetty for 800 yards to
stop this process, but only 500 yards were executed, and it
has now become manifest that the mischief is increasing.
Captain Washington, hydographer to the Admiralty, re-
ports that a large portion of Landguard east beach, includ-
ing two martello towers, built in 1808, and a part of a grave-
yard, has been swept away, while Landguard Point has ad-
vanced 'some 700 yards ; and that the channel, in which
there was a depth of 42 feet at low water, is now a dry
beach 6 feet above high water, being a filling up of GO feet
perpendicular—a rate of increase unknown, he believes, in
any other part of the British isles. The extension of Land-
guard Point, which has averaged 12 yards a-year for many
years, threatens in short to block up the entrance to this
important harbour, which is reduced now to a width of
little more than a cable's length. Now, Harwich must be
of great use in case of another North Sea war ; it is the
only sheltered port between Sheerness and the Humber in
which a coal depot could be safely moored ; it is the en-
trance to the fast increasing port of Ipswich ; it is also an
important strategical point in the defence of the country.
The north-eastern approach to the capital is one of the
least defended, and the most open to attack. Captain
Washington considers that the extension of the jetty would
no longer be efficacious, but he thinks a groyne in a dif-
ferent spot, about 300 yards in extent, and not costing
more than £lO,OOO or £12,000, would effect the object in
view. The subject has been referred by the Lords of the
Admiralty to the Treasury for consideration.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 9, 1861.

Were Mr. ROEBUCK found in his own house,
dead and lying in his own blood, no one would sus-
pect the most inveterate Tery Premier, England
could furnish, of complicity in the deed, much less
of being its prompter. The SOVEREIGN would never
be mentioned in connection with it, unless as the
grand avenger of the wronged. There is some-
thing, in times of suspicion, in undoubted character.
This is painfully illustrated just now the other way.
A frightful murder has been committed in Hungary.
Count TELEKI, whom the Saxon Government
handed over to Austria. the leader of the advanced
liberals, a magnate who was entitled to sit in
the Upper Chamber, but who preferred to accept a
popular election for the Lower House—is found
murdered in his own house.

It seemed to be hardly credited at first ; the
melancholy news circulated about the city, but it
was confirmed at yesterday's sitting of the Lower
House by the President M. GHYCZY. We are
told that the ?Louse raised a cry of despair, and
that several ladies in the galleries were carried
away fainting. M. DEAK, the Venerable Minister
of Justice in 1848, a man of as much moderation as
firmness, " in a voice stifled by emotion," proposed
to adjourn the sittings of the House till the follow-
ing Monday—doubtless to give time for inquiry.
It is not to be wondered at that the city of Pesth is
much excited, for t..e Count was held in universal
esteem by all parties. What does it mean ? What
does it portend ?—is the universal inquiry. People
are not only shocked, but alarmed.
There is no denying the fact that not only in
Pestb, but wherever the telegram comes from
which we publish this day, the question will be
asked, "Was this an ordinary murder or suicide?"
It may be so. The report that it was suicide has
been put in circulation, but is not believed. Why
not ? There is but one answer. The Hapsburgs
and their Jesuit advisers of the day may be as in-
nocent as we are of the murder, if murder it be,
or it may be suicide; but the Hapsburg character
is one which makes suspicion of the Imperial
family the most natural. The family, we say, for
there is one female member of it as well as male
members, and favourite advisers, on whom suspicion
would rest as naturally as on any. What a melan-
choly thing that a House should reign over the
country which the old school of English Statesmen
are disposed to pet and dandle as a useful ally to
England—of whom this horrid suspicion is not
out of place. The dynasty which could be guilty
of the horrid atrccity of setting the Gailician pea-
sants to murder their nobles and reward them for
doing it, is not wronged by being suspected of the
murder of Count TELEKI. Yet this is the house
to which our Court, our Prime Minister, and our
Foreign Secretary cling ; the House' whom they
seek to help by sending them to our law courts,
instead of repelling them as they deserve.
We may reason to show that the suspicion
is an improbable one ; but what a state of things
when considerations of expediency and policy must
be adduced to make it likely that a Sovereign, his
family and advisers, are not guilty, directly or
indirectly, of a dark deed of assassination. It may
be said that it was not for the interest of the
monarch just now, and while he was promulgating
his constitutional schemes, to commit a deed, or
incur the suspicion of committing one, which
would make all the assemblies distrust him. But
who can answer for the workings of HAPSBURG
minds. Their whole history and practice has made
them feel so much more at home in relying on craft
and cruelty, that even if for a short time they had
really supposed liberality and frankness best for
their interests, a lapse into their hereditary moral
lunacy, and a resort to cunning and the dagger, was
not only possible, but likely at any moment. It
might appear, to this " judicially blinded" race,
that for all the members of the Diets to meet and
debate under the impression that their lives were
not secure in their own houses, if their opinions
and speeches thwarted those of the EMPEROR, would
be the shortest course to convert the Diets into tools
of the Government. A reign of secret terror,
through the forms of liberty, might seem to the
HAPSBURGS and Jesuits the surest way
to success ;
and it might well be that only one or two were
admitted to the secret counsels of the first conspira-
tor.

Whatever the truth of the case turns out to be
it will not turn aside the force of ahte. remarks.
Be the detestable dynasty as innocent as it may,,,
this particular case, the bare fact that all Europe
will feel it not unnatural to suspect the worst of it,
is enough. If they are innocent it will yet remain
true that they did in Gallicia even darker and
more atrocious deeds than this. It will also be
true that they were guilty of treachery quite as
bad in Hungary itself. How can we wonder at
any suspicion amongst a people, whom the HAPS-
BunGs were paying the savage Sellachich to attack,
while yet unprepared, from Croatia, at the same
time as they were denouncing him as a traitor to
blind the Hungarians. We could readily believe

that such a race could even plot, by the murder of
the Count, to creatnn insurrection - in Hungary
and thus to find a shameless pretext for relieving
itself of all its difficulties in the blood of the
people.

When we penned the few remarks of yesterday
on the conduct of Prussia in the affair of Captain
MACDONALD, the note of Baron SCLEINITZ had not
been published. So far as his expression of the re-
gret of the Prussian Government goes, we are
ready to accept it ; but it is regret that an unplea-
sant affair should have occurred, not that its officials
and despotic laws had been the occasion of it. The
Count terms the reproaches of the Prussian Govern-
ment and laws by Lord P4LMERSTON " ground-
less." We may excuse the Minister of Prussia for
writing thus, officially ; but it is impossible to
doubt that like GALILEO after having written what
his position exacted from him, he turned round to
his Secretary and observed, that the reproaches,
however, were but too well grounded. He does
not deny that the Government lawyer was per-
mitted to revile the English people ; that the Cap-
tain was treated as no human being merely accused
of a most trivial delinquency, of which too he was
substantially innocent, ought to be treated by any
laws of any country ; he does not deny that the
Englishmen at Bonn could be convicted for merely
protesting, in really moderate terms against
the language of a public reviler of their
country ; and that they escaped punishment.
only through the incidental circumstance of an
amnesty; all these things are undeniable. He is
only troubled that Lord PALMERSTON should cha-
racterise Prussian laws and Prussian administration
as they deserve, where the report of what he said
will be read and believed all over the world.

It is indeed time for Prussia to mend her ways.
It seems, from letters which the MACDONALD af-
fair has elicited, that the English traveller finds
Prussia a very nest of rude bearish officials, who
treat travellers as intrudeas rather than guests I
and that too at a time when France is taking a
course the very reverse. Englishmen must, we
presume, go there sometimes, but after all they
have heard, they will probably select, when travel-,
ling for amusement or relaxation, routes and coun-
tries where their presence is welcome. Perhaps
we may look for amendment, however, from the
complaints of Prussian innkeepers, since they, we
are told, Charge an Englishman 24 groschen for his
dinner, when a German pays but 17 or 20.

For once a bill of some importance has been
read a second time on a Wednesday. Truer in-
deed, to the traditions of the day, the house re-
jected or got rid of two, and of a third by the
now popular practice of " talking out ;" but the one
which found mercy was not merely a humane
bill, but an enabling bill for landlords, and hence
though it is said to require many amendments in
committee, these were not made a reason for re-
jecting the " Labourers Cottages Bill," proposed
for a second reading by Sir L. PALK.
The hon. member had no difficulty in collecting
some shocking stories of demoralisation consequent
on over-crowding of the sleeping apartments of the
poor ; he adduced'ample proof that the evils which
Lord SHAFTESBURY has so exerted himself to
remedy were by no means confined to great cities.
And all who have lived in the country and taken
the least interest in relieving the wants of the poor,
must be well aware that their children when
approaching, and after having reached, maturity are
exposed to habits which must destroy all feeling of
modesty, and which we should shudder to think
of in our our homes. Nor should it be forgotten
that a room may be close and unhealthy as well in
the country as in the town ; overcrowding in a rus-
tic thatched cottage with roses and creepers at its
door, is as deadly a foe to health as it is in the cen-
tre of London. And if the day compensates in a
measure for the night, it is only in a small mea-
sure. The night is indeed the time when the
greater injury is sustained from a close atmosphere;
one which has served again and again the purposes
of respiration. If, therefore, Lord RAYNHAM'S Bill
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals had to be
withdrawn, we must be thankful that a bill enabling
landlords to be humane to animals of the class
binzana was not rejected.
It should be remembered, however, that the only
difficulty which needs legislation in this case is that
created by landlords themselves. But for the prac-
tice of entailing estates, each proprietor could im-
prove the estate as he pleased, not only in regard to
draining, but in respect to building cottages or any
other outlay upon it which he thought would in-
crease its value. It is needless, however, to enter
now on the question of entails. They may be and are
amongst the greatest remaining barriers to agricul-
tural improvement, but the pride of our aristocracy
will long uphold the system. While it exists.
however, the Government cannot do better than
give to the tenant for life the utmost possible liberty
in regard to undoubted permanent improvements.
Its object in respect to these should be to place
him as much as possible in the position of a pro-
prietor in fee simple. The heir cannot be wronged
by bearing his portion of a charge which brings
him a handsome increase of rental, or which sub-
stantially improves the estate and increases its
market value.

Lord ELGIN is now receiving the thanks of his
fellow-countrymen. These are among his most
cherished consolations. They compensate him, these
cordial recognitions of great duties done, for all the
hardships endured by him during his successive
expeditions. They are sweeter to the heart of a
patriot than all the courtly rewards in the gift of
the SOVEREIGN. Those will doubtless follow in
due time ; but in the meanwhile Lord ELGIN is
receiving from all ranks and classes of his fellow
subjects the evidences of their unaffected apprecia-
tion of his skill, and courage, and perfect self-abne-
gation as a diplomatist, as the representative at the
other extremity of tke globe of our Gracious
QUEEN, as the responsible agent and
emissary of her MAJESTY'S Government. Scarcely
had he landed upon the shores of his native land
once more when
the people of Dover, headed by
their Chief Magistrate,Corporation, were there at
tothehead
accord
him
thmwe Local
elcome
homewards. Hardly had he arrived .
. n ht his an
enthu-
siasm ancestral
haunts when he was hailed withaffectionate
by the inhabitants of Dantermline. Parlia-
ment had, as a matter of course, anticipated his
coming back by the ardent avowal of its profound
sense of the value of his latest achievements. And
so likewise, for that matter, had all sections
of English Journalism. Among the most popular
of our public men has now for a long while
been recognised th.) Right Hon. the Earl of ELGIN
Ind KINCARDINE. But a few days have recently
elapsed since the noble lord W2S complimented in
a very signal manner at a gathering of some of
the foremost men of our age in all departments,
great statesmen, administrators, diplomatists,
authors, painters, lawyers, and so forth.
being here made, of course, to the annual banquet
given to her MAJESTY'S Ministers, and to other
distinguished celebrities, bythe Royal Academicians-
There—at that last Royal Academy BanquA—in
will be remembered that the President, Sir cluß7,Es
EASTLAKE at an early hour of the evening went out
of his usual track in proposing toasts to his neap for

their acceptance—giving them in the name of Lord
ELGIN one of a purely exceptional character. The
latter was there at the hospitaM e board of the Royal
Academy in no public capacity whatever. His
name, in point of fact, could not strictly be coupled
with any particular department. He was no
longer one of her MAJESTY'S Ministers as he
had been at the period of his last departure
from these shores : when—it will be borne
in recollection—he went forth in the direc-
tion of China still retaining his ministerial posi-
tion conditionally as her MAJESTY'S Postmaster-
General. His Grace the Duke of ARGYLL doing
duty in that capacity for his noble colleague, until
such time as it become apparent that the Earl of
ELGIN must really hasten onwards to his remote
destination—when Lord STANLEY of Alderley be-
came Lord ELGIN'S successor at St. Martin's-le-
Grand. The noble earl moreover was there, at the
Royal Academy Banquet, not any longer as His
Excellency Her Britannic MAJESTY'S representative.
He sat at the board presided over by Sir CHARLES
' EASTLAKE, simply in his own individual character.
Yet was his name, when given forth from the chair
as " a toast" early in the evening, greeted with en-
thusiasm—with cordial and earnest enthusiasm—by
the distinguished company by whom he was then
surrounded. It was recognised, that now doubly
historic name, as that of a man who had more than
once, and upon each occasion, in a very singular
and signal manner done good service to the Crown
and to the country—not merely by presiding, during
several consecutive years, with remarkable ability
over one of the greatest of our Fifty Colonies, namely,
Canada ; but who had more recently upon two
memorable occasions brought to a happy close a
war raging at the opposite extremity of this hemi-
sphere between England and the most populous
empire upon the surface of the globe, that vast
country of China, peopled by no less than
400,000,000 inhabitants.

And yesterday, after all these recognitions
of his good deeds vouchsafed, to the Earl
of ELGIN since his return homewards,
yesterday, to complete all, the noble lord was
entertained at a magnificent banquet, given in
his honour by the Right Hon. the LORD
MAYOR of London in his capacity as the chief
magistrate of our great metropolitan corporation.
In expressing his acknowledgments to the assembled
company last evening at the Mansion-house, Lord
ELGIN happily disclaimed on his own part, in so
doing, any intention whatever of vindicating his
recently successful policy in the Far East, in the
limited space of time that can be suffered to elapse
between two glasses of wine at a convivial
assemblage. Besides, it so happens in his
instance, that any such attempt at cramming
an Iliad into a nutshell, would have proved to every
one present a matter of entire supererogation. The
story of the late Chinese war is, in all its varied
details, "familiar in our mouths as household words."
It requires no further repetition. It is known in-
timately. And—what is better still—it is fully and
cordially appreciated. Not an Englishman, worthy
of the name, but recognises clearly the honour due
to the diplomatist who had there, in China, at
Pekin, the conduct, on the part of England, in con-
junction with Baron GRos, on the part of France,
of those momentous and ever-memorable negotia-
tions. The capture of the Chinese capital,
or, at any rate, the triumphal entry
into it of Englishmen and Frenchmen
beaded by their respective ambassadors, long after
the ignominious flight of the Emperor HIEN-TUNG
into Tartary : that renowned and unprecedented
entrance of the allies, but particularly of the allied
ambassadors, the diplomatic representatives of the
allied French and English Sovereigns—is a fact, a
historical fact not one atom more completely known,
or more thoroughly appreciated, than the other and
far greater fact that there immediately sprang out
of it, that other fact that, thanks to Lord ELGIN
and Baron GROS, terms of peace were dictated by
England and France—at Pekin—to the haughty,
and hitherto at once insolent and inaccessible
Chinese Government) Supposing Lord ELGIN
were now to abandon public life altogether and
to retire into the seclusion of home tranquillity, he
has already inscribed his name and fame indelibly
upon the national annals, he has earned for himself
a conspicuous and most honourable niche iu the
British Walhalla. But—it is a satisfaction in
his regard to bear in particular remem-
brance the circumstance that—having done
all this, having completed these numerous
remarkable achievements—he is still in the
prime of his life, he is still in the full vigour
of his maturity. Many years we may still hope are
yet reserved for him, and through him for his
country—that is to say, many years during which
he may win fresh laurels for the enhancement of
his already distinguished reputation, and during
which either at home or abroad the British Empire,
he has already served so well and so frequently
may profit by his rare gifts both as a diplomatist
and as an administrator.

THE COUNTESS OF DERBY'S ASSEMBLY.—The
Countess of Derby gave her second reception last night at
the family mansion in St. James's-square. A numerous
and brilliant company graced her ladyship's saloons by
their presence.

Mr. Cobden has arrived in Paris, and alighted at
the Hotel Meurice.
TAXING MASTER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.—
The office of Taxing Master to the House of Commons has
been conferred on Mr. Charles Frere, Examiner for Stand-
ing Orders to the two Houses of Parliament.
The death has been announced of Mr. James
Malcolmson, one of the senior directors of the Bank of
England, and head of the great Bombay firm of Forbes,
Forbes, and Co.
DEATH OF MRS. AGNES BAILLIE.—The an-
nouncement of a recent death has caused some sensation in
society. Mrs. Agnes Baillie, the sister of Joanna and Dr.
Baillie, is dead at the age of 100. A letter of Mrs. Bar-
bauld, dated in 1800, tells of the outburst of Joanna's fame,
a year or two after the anonymous publication of her
"Plays on the Passions :"—" a young lady of Hampstead
who came to Mrs. Barbauld's meeting with as innocent a
face as if she had never written a line." At the time of
the Treaty of Ghent, Mr. Clay, the American commis-
sioner, was advised to call in Dr. Baillie, as a physician of
long-established fame. A quarter of a century since Joanna
and Agnes had settled their affairs precisely alike, and ar-
ranged everything, each for the other, wondering how the
survivor could live alone. They lived on together till long
past 80; yet Agnes has been the solitary survivor of her
family for so many years that it was a relief—though still a
reluctant one—to hear that she was gone. With these
women—simple. sensible, amiable, and gay in temper, and
of admirable cultivation, apart from Joanna's genius—a
period of our literature seems to close ; and we are all weak
enough to sigh at times o'ver what is inevitable.—Once a
Week.

THE GREAT NORTHERN HOSPITAL.—The fifth
anniversary festival of this institution was celebrated yes-
terday at the Albion Tavern—the Right Hon. the Lord
Chelmsford in the chair. After the usual loyal and patriotic
toasts, that of the evening was given, when his lordship
made an eloquent appeal in aid of the funds of the hospital,
which, in consequence of the great number of patients re-
sorting to it for treatment, had not only been quite ex-
hausted, but a debt of £1,300 had accumulated. It was to
relieve the valuable institution of this incubus that he soli-
cited aid from the guests. The appeal of the chairman was
responded to by the visitors subscribing upwards of £350.
GREAT PALL OF SNOW IN THE WEST OF ENG-
LAND.—FRomE, Wednesday.—This morning we expe •
; rienced the very extraordinary circumstance of a heavy
snow storm in May. From five o'clock till noon the fall
was continuous and steady, and in some parts of the country
quite two feet of snow covered the ground. A rapid thaw
set in in the afternoon and little trace of winter is now re-
maining. The oldest inhabitants speak of a similar visita-
tion some half a century since, but very few of the present
generation remember it. The weather this evening is cold
—wind S.W.
Snow fell in Southampton yesterday morning.