The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-08 00:00:00

THE SUN,, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 8, 1861.

too, will probably be chary enough of any hasty
act by which they might hurt the susceptibilities
of the Federalists, but unless the Washington Go-
vernment chooses to act with some degree of con-
sistency, we do not see how the European Govern-
ments can refrain from remonstrance. America
itself has to the last acknowledged that a
blockade claims respect only when efficient ;
and we should think it must perceive that to levy
duties at sea will be regarded by European
Governments as levying black mail. It has
not, that we know of, been ever heard that
any State has attempted to collect customs except
at custom-houses and in a port; Europe cannot
allow America to commence a new system without
its assent. Indeed, the actual possession of a coast
would seem to be the first requisite to demanding
duties on the goods to be landed upon it. Mr.
LINCOLN may have a de jure right to the coast, but
unless he can make it also a de facto one he is surely
not entitled to act towards foreigners as if he were
in possession.

THE FRENCH OCCUPATION OF

(From .La Fresse.)

Si:ace our soldiers will have to leave Rome, it is
important to understand clearly beforehand both
what our occupation has produced and what our
retreat will signify. What did we go to do at
Rome in 1849 ? To re-establish the temporal
power of the Papacy. Have we re-established it ?
Materially speaking, yes ; but, morally, we have
ruined it for ever. We have, by the uselessness of
our devotion, our sacrifices, and our counsels, de-
stroyed in the mind of sincere catholics all confi-
dence in the political government of Popes. These
catholics are convinced that the interest and inde-
pendence of religion were linked with the existence
of the temporal power. This belief, no less fatal
to religion than to Italy, had resisted the eloquence
of facts; nothing till these last days had been able
to shake it—neither the scandals of the Roman
court nor the evident anachronism of a theocracy,
nor political proscriptions, nor the negation of the
principles of justice and right which are the foun-
dation of modern society. In the struggle that has
taken place between Italy and the temporal Pa-
pacy, catholicism was instinctively disposed to
take sides with the Pope, to regard the complaints
of the Italians as exaggerated, to distrust their
assertions, and still mere their revolutionary
passions.

By ten years of useless efforts and lasting con-
flicts France has learnt and demonstrated what the
government of the priests is. She has convinced
herself and the world that the Papal government is
refractory to all progress and all civilisation; that
it can have neither constitution nor laws, and con-
sequently no subjects. It is because she has late
and reluctantly acquired that experience that
France his Become before Europe the witness for
Italy. Thanks to what France has done at Rome
since 1849, there is no longer in the world a single
fair conscience or just mind that does not separate
questions of faith from political questions, the in-
terests of Catholicism from the interests of the
Roman Court, the independence of Italy from the
independence of the Papacy. In accomplishing at
Rome what she has unfortunately regarded as a
duty towards Catholicism, France has demonstrated
irrefragably the incompatibility of the temporal
power with good political government. Opinion
has been enlightened, demonstration has taken
place. There is now, on the one side, the whole of
liberal Europe ; on the other, the Zouaves of Cas-
telfidardo, the Ultramontane journals, and the
Merode faction, which is every day falling into
disrepute, and self-annihilation through its excesses.
In this situation the maintenance of the occupa-
tion of Rome by our soldiers would be a mere ab-
surdity, inconsistent with the very existence of the
Italian kingdom officially recognised by the Em-
peror. Now, henceforth any attempt against the
greatness, the strength, or the right of Italy is an
attempt against the prestige of France. France
and Italy, one and indivisible, are mutually res-
ponsible, intimately and indissolubly connected.
The Legitimists and the Ultramontanes seek in
vain to excite hatred and rivalry between them ;
for the great policy, which is the liberal policy of
the future, the French and the Italians are neces-
sary allies, having the same interest, and obliged
by the same considerations to strengthen their in-
fluence and their mutual greatness.
A mistake, superabundantly demonstrated, led
us to Rome ; good sense, the rights of the Italians,
our own interest and the interest of religion itself
demand, at this day, that we should leave it. From
this time forward it is no longer the Pope that we
protect at Rome; it is a focus of Bourbon and cleri-
cal conspiracy—the Merode and Antonelli clique.
The expedition of 1849 was the result of the pre-
judice which, as recently as that, still existed, as to
the necessity and vitality of the temporal power;
the recall of our soldiers will announce to the world
the end of that fatal power ; it will be the result
of the moral revolution that has taken place in
men's minds during the last ten years, the triumph
of the enlightened opinion of Europe, and the con-
secration of the Kingdom of Italy.

MR. BRADY, M.P.—lt is gratifying to a public
man to find that his services have been appreciated. Too
often our most generous efforts incur suspicion or
rather than gratitude ; for there is a perverse spirit in men
that loves to look at the ravelled side of every piece of han-
diwork. Mr. Brady is one of those members of the legis-
lature who delight in championing the cause of men who
have received injury at the hands of the state. Our readers
may recollect that it was through his generous advocacy
that the solicitor Mr. Barber was compensated by the Go-
vernment for the wrongs he had endured during his unjust
penal servitude. He has been active also in other cases,
and especially in maintaining the rights of the medical
officers of the late Smyrna Hospital, who, in gratitude for
his services, have presented him with an elegant silver ink-
stand, bearing the following inscription :—" Presented to
John Brady, Esq., M.P., by the undermentioned medical
officers of the late Civil Hospital at Smyrna, as a trifling
acknowledgment of his valuable services in their behalf."
This testimonial reflects credit both upon donors and reci-
pient.—Medical Circular, August 7.
THE GENERALS OF THE AMERICAN ARMIES.—
The ages of the principal officers of the North are—Scott,
75; Wool, 73 ; Harney, 65 ; Mansfield, 60 ; Totten (Head
of Engineers), 80 ; Thayer (Engineers),. 80 ; Craig (Head
of Ordnance Department), 76 ; Ripley (Ordnance), 70 ;
Sumner, 65 ; Larned (Paymaster-General), 70. Gibson
(Commissary-General), Churchill (Inspector-General), and
Thomas (Adjutant-General) entered the army in the begin-
ning of the present century—Gibson in 1808, and Churchill
in 1812. The Southern army is officered chiefly by men in
the prime of life—Beauregard being 43, and Lee 50.
MAJOR-GENERAL M'CLELLAN.—This officer is a
West-Pointer, fought in Mexico, went to Europe on a
military commission a few years ago to examine into the
science of war in the camps of the great powers in the
Crimea, afterwards resigned to become vice-president of the
Illinois Central Railway, and then accepted the presidency
of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, from which he was
called taut as Major-General of the Ohio Volunteers, and
from that post into the regular army, which position he
now holds. He is 34 years of age.
THE EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF ASSAULT AT Hox-
ToN.—Edis, the warrant officer at Worship-street Police-
court, has reported the result of inquiries made into the
strange case of assault in Herbert-street, New North-road,
Hoxton, laid before the magistrate on Thursday last. It
will be remembered that Mr. Mackenzie, an engineer, had
been entrapped into the house by a letter from a woman
whom he had met in Spain, and had been furiously attacked
by two men who forced him to sign some document. After
making this statement on Thursday Mr. Mackenzie felt
much worse, his throat giving him much pain, and he was
therefore accompanied by Mr. Hurlstono, the chief clerk, to
the house of Dr. Edmunds, the surgeon of Spital-square.
In the meantime the warrant for the apprehension
of his assailants, having been signed by the magistrate,
was placed in the hands of Edis for execution. On reach-
ing the house, however, Edis found that the woman had de-
camped, and the only additional information he could ob-
tain was that she had been staying there several months,
and there could be no doubt whatever that it was a designed
and pre-arranged plan of attack between her and the two
mnawtoee
note
ornaenv,
Naei
avnsioal,
t,s;cha idea:
encehskrdop. IstAt
despatched
hi.
0\
v. I lautaldiatheck
ibnoyi
officer's ase
several
fevhoearei
rer
tashh womansead
other
bhp scepearl
feel
uoeaored in
applicant
tsthtwiaenhbt
inquiries
eunes
rh
hieeasyree morning, a
Germans,t
werear niwd who
were
d
in the search, and have traced all three assailants as having .
been at various places subsequently in and near London, the
latter have hitherto succeeded in evading apprehension.
Not the least singular part of the affair is, that though the
applicant had both money and property to a considerable
amount on his person at the time of the outrage, no attempt
was made to take it.