The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-20 00:00:00

THE FRENCH ARMY.

The Moniteur l' Armee, publishes the following
statistical returns i elative to the army, which are
not without interest :

"From the accession of Louis XVI. on the 10th
May, 1774, to the 10th August, 1792, 19 general
officers were raised to the dignity of marshal of
France. There were also made 254 lieutenant-
generals and 948 major-generals. In consequence
of the re-organisation of the army in 1791, 328
superior officers retired with the rank of major-
general. The Republican government, from 1792
to 1799, named 167 generals of division, and 887
generals of brigade, exclusively of 78 general offi-
cers named by the representatives of the people
with the armies, but whose nominations were not
c ;nfirmed. Under the Consulate, there were 57
promotions to the rank of general of division, and,
147 to that of general of brigade. Under the Em-
pire, 25 tearsnals, 245 generals of division, and
679 generals of brigade were nominated. During
the first Restoration, Louis XVIII. named 207
lieutenant-generals, of only 117 had only hono-
rary rank, and 567 major-generels, 127 of whom
were honorary. In the Hundred Days, the
Emperor nominated one marshal of France
(Count de Grouchy), 19 lieutenant-generals, and
42 major-gezer ile. These prenotions were can-
celled on the return of Louis XVIII. He, how-
ever, confirmed in their rank 26 lieutenant-
generals, and 28 major-generals, nominated
during the first Restoration, and while at Goent,
the Kind named 5 lieutenant g•-nerals and 19 ma-
jor-generals. Louis XVIII., from 1815 to 1824,
named 6 marshals of France, 167 Lieutenant-ge-
nerals (105 honorary), and 480 major-generals
(269 honorary). Charles X. nominated 3 marshals
of France, 55 lieutenant-generals (42 honorary),
and 166 major-generals (142 honorary). Also, 31
colonels of the royal guard, or of the military
household of the King, received the rank of major-
general in the early part of 1830. From that pe-
riod no more honorary rank was conferred. Un-
der Louis Philippe, 11 marshals of France was
nominated,including the confirmation at the pro-
motion of Marshal de Grouchy ; 124 lieutenant-
generals, 6 of whom bad been nominated during
the Hundred Days, and 4 under the Restoration.
with honorary rank ; and 370 major-generals, 15
of whom had before received the honorary rank.
The Republic of 1848 made, from the 24th Feb-
ruary to the 20th Dec., 32 generals of division,
and 50 of brigade ; 1 general of division and 3 of
brigade by the Provisional Government ; 13 and
19 by the Executive Commission ; and 18 and 28
by the Government of General Cavaignac. Under
the Presidency of Prince Louis there were named 4
marshals of France, 41 generals of division, and 118
of brigade. From the re-establishment of the Em-
pire to the end of 1856, there have been made
marshals of France, 69 generals of division, and
145 generals of brigade."

A LITERARY CLERGYMAN.—A clergyman in a country
parish net many wiles from Dundee
.had occasion the
other Sabbath to illustrate a point in his sermon by
an allusion to the poet Cowper, which he did after this
fashion:—" In illustration of what I have been saying,
my brethren, I may inehtion the amiable and Christian
poet Cowper, with whose. beautiful poems of 'Paradise
Lost' and 'Paradise R3gamed' you must all be familiar.",
--Dundec Courier.

We regrat to annouace the death of Rev-Admi-
rkl of the White Charles Graham, C. 8., brothbr
of the ex-First Lord of the Admiralty, tae Right
Hon. Sir James Graham, Bart. The following is
a ,ketch of his services :

" Admiral Graham entered the navy June 9,
1810, as first class volunteer, on hoard the Bellona,
74, Captain John Erskine Douglas, stationed in the
North Sea, whence, in 1812, he accompanied the
same officer to the Mediterranean, as midshipman
of the Prince of Wales, 98. On his rejunction of
the latter ship, after having witnessed in the Impe-
rieuse, 38, Capt. Hon. H. Duncan, the capture of
Porto d'Anzo, and the operations against Leghorn
and Genoa, he returned home, and was paid off in
July, 1814. Until Oct., 1816, he further served, on
the homeland Jamaica.stations, in the Glasgow, 50,
C Apt. Hon. H. Duncan; Romney, 50, Capt. John
Mackell sr ; Salisbury, 50, flag-ship of Rear-Admi-
ril J. E. Douglas • Primrose, 18, Capt. C. G. R.
Peillott, and Salisbury again, Capt. J. Mackellar.
He then became successively acting lieutenant, alto
in the West Indies, of the Active and Pique fr.-
gates, Capts. P. Carteret and J. Mackellar ; and on
July 9, 1817, was confirmed into his former ship,
the Primrose, still commanded by Capt. Phillott.
Having returned to England in Aug., 1818, on
b iard the Rifleman brig, Capt. N. Duff, Mr. Gra-
ham next joined Sept. 15, 1819, the Tartar, 42,
bearing the broad pendent of Sir G. R. Collier, on
the coast of Africa, and Dec. 14, 1822, and March
11, 1823, the Impregnable, 104, and Britannia,
120, as flag lieutenant to the Hon. SirA. Cochrane,
cominander-in-chief at Plymouth. In the capacity
of commander-a rank he attained Aprill7, 1824-
Capt. Graham was subsequently, June 16, 1829,
appointed to the Philomel, 16, on tile Mediterra-
nean station. He was promoted to the command,
Nov. 4, 1830, of the Rattlesnake, 24, *attached to
the force in South America, whence he returned
home, and was paid off Nov. 10, 1833. He has been
ern cloyed on the East India station since April 28,
1843, as captain of the Castor, 36. In Dec. 1845,
while-senior officer of the squadron at New Zea-
land, he there landed in command of about 340
officers, seamen, and marines, for the purpose of
co operating with a body of troops under Col. Dee-
pard in the reduction of a pah belonging to a rebel
chieftain named Kawiti, and situated in a thick fo-
reet on a mountain 14 miles inland, from the head
of the river Kawakawa. After more than three
weeks of indefatigable labour and exertion, during
which the British, notwithstanding great wetness
of the weather, wereconstantly employed in cutting
roads through the woods and over the bills of a hi-
ther to untraversed ceuntry, in ereetiug batteries near
the pah, then breaching, shelling, and rocketing it,
and had, moreover, to live under what shelter they
could temporarily contrive oat of the bush, the
enemy's stronghold was assaulted and carried in
triumph. For this service he was nominated a
C. B. July 27, 1846."
The gallantry of Admiral Graham was ever con-
spicuous without ostentation ; and whether in the
desperate affrays with the savages of Now Zealand,
or at the memorable but ill-advised attack on the
Sebastopol batteries, he displayed that cool daring
and quiet determination which distinguished him
as a leader, and reflected honour and glory upon him
as a naval commander. Admiral Graham was not
only universally esteemed for his service and sooial
qualities, but he was respected for his high, un-
flinching, chivalrous integrity ; he had not an atom
of meanness in his compositien ; he repudiated all
" horrowed plumes," and more than once in his
career showed that lie possessed neither envy,
malice, nor uncharitableness himself, nor would he
tamely permit any friend to be a victim of those
propensities if he could help it. It will be recol-
lected that in the attack upon the Sebastopol bat-
teries, when Lord Lyon's flag-ship Agamemnon
was getting more than the Admiral bargained fur,
the Rodney worked up to his assistAnce and took
off the heavy fire from the flag-ship upon himself, in
which Service the Rodney 2a-omelet, and was for
some time in the greatest peril. Lord Lyons, it
is said, most generously acknowledged the assist-
ance of the Rodney, and, in a letter to Sir James
Graham, then First Lord of the Admiralty, de-
claced tint, but for the chivalry of his gallant bro-
ther, he would hive been annihileted. Her Ma-
jesty, hearing of the circumstance,, took the oppor-
tunity of a vacancy by nominating Cept. Graham
to be one of her naval aides-de-camp ; and when
Capt. Graham was informed of his good fo tune,
he very naturally paid a visit to the commander-
in-chief, Sir James Dundas, to thank him for
the hands.-mu terms in wilic,ii he had spoken
of tie atnir. He was very much surprised, hoa'-
ever, to find that the gallant chief knew nothing
about the matter ; and then Capt. Graham, teis-
pecting the source of the commendation, with a
of i'i' grog sense him more on account
ftcoonoutr than even his bravery,
celled at once for a
duet for getting his f inquiry into his
stripcou-
ashore during the setup
and then proved that the
s-,iAtonce h:rende'red
to
the Agamemnon was not of his own
nprompting,; butf
m.
at the express orders of the cotnande
thl3 /11)11. hig;,-minded, and ill-requited ...rkiduir7l. Sir
J. D. Mendes. Poor Admiral Gr,ham was only i
61
of ago. "We nod scarcely add that thrclph-
Out the navy his death will be deeply deplored, grid
his services in the fleet, and his bonhommie at the
social board, will live lc,ng in the remembrauce of
"troops of friends."