The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, NVEDNCSDIY EVENING, DMOEIVII3N11" 25; 1861.

_RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

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GRAND TRUNK OF CANADA.
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held
yesterday at the London 'Tavern. Mr. T. Baring,

the chairman, presided.
Mr. T. M, Grant, the secretary, having read the
notice convening the meeting, the report of the

directors and the report of Mr. E. Watkin, ab-
stracts of which have appeared in Me Sun, were
taken as read.

The CHAIRMAN said he did not think it necessary
to take up their time in making any remarks.
After hearing the observations of the proprietors
he would reply to any questions they might ask.
This was the ordinary meeting for receiving and
adopting the report of the directors and the accounts
of the company, and also of receiving and adoptitg
the report of Mr. Watkin, who was then present.
He thought they must all feel the critical state of
affairs in Canada, and the necessity of sending a
gentleman of judgment, integrity, and ability, for
which Mr. Watkin was distinguished, to represent
the company in Canada, for the purpose of working
out the matters already agreed upon by the bond-
holders and shareholders. At the present moment
it was of the utmost importance that as much har-
mony and unity should prevail among them as pos-
sible. He concluded by moving the following reso-
lution :—" That the report of the directors, the ac-
counts, and the report of Mr. Watkin bo received
and adopted ; that Mr. Watkin bo thanked for his
past services; that the Board do appoint an agent
to proceed to Canada to continue negotiations with
the Government, and to carry out the reorganisa-
tion of the line and the other arrangements recom-
mended in Mr. Watkin's report ; that for this pur-
pose such agent empowered to represent all claims
with the fullest powers ; and that the Government
and Legislature of Canada be impressed with the
importance of prompt action in dealing with the
question of the postal subsidy and its capitalisation,
as the only practical means of relieving this concern
from its financial embarrassments."
Mr. MORRIS seconded the motion. He said that
he represented a large number of bondholders, and
that he could endorse the report submitted for their
approval. An arrangement had been come to with
Mr. Watkin to represent all classes of shareholders
and bondholders, and to reorganise the company,
to get the largest amount of net revenue, and that
nothing should be done to alter the position of the
preference bondholders. The plan of proceeding had
been agreed upon at the last meeting; the difficulties
must be increasing every day, and seeing all those
things, it was for the interest of all parties that the
fullest opportunity should be given to Mr. Watkin
to carry his recommendations into effect.
Mr. H. CHAPMAN suggested that the report and
statement of accounts should be received, but not
adopted, as he had no objections to certain items in
the accounts. He had every confidence in Mr.
Watkin, and considered that he had already ren-
dered them valuable services. When Mr. Watkin
reorganized the line and placed it on a commercial
basis he (Mr. Chapman) could tell the proprietors
that before 18 months from that time they would
get a dividend.
The CHAIRMAN said the usual course was to re-
ceive and adopt the report. He had no objection
to leave out the word " adopted," but he thought
it would be better to show, by adopting the report,
that the directors had the support of the meeting.
Mr. SALISBURY thought they should support the
directors in doing the best they could for them. He
had great confidence in Mr. Watkin, and he be-
lieved they were all agreed upon that point. He had
no doubt that he would do his best for the bond-
holders and shareholders. He thought Mr. Wat-
kin should go out to Canada untrammelled and un-
instructed, to exercise his judgment to the best of
his ability for all the interests concerned.
Mr. CONYBEARE moved an amendment to the
effect that the best thanks of the meeting be given
to Mr. Watkin, and that his report be adopted;
and that the report of the directors and the accounts

be neither received nor adopted. He thought the

lease of the Detroit and Sarnia line would be
upset in a court of equity. He preferred leaving
things to Mr. Watkin rather than to the directors.
He protested against the idea of unanimity in the
meeting.
Mr NEWMARCII supported the original motion. He
was deidedly in favour of sending Mr. Watkin to
Canada, as he had made himself master of the
whole of the facts of the case, and was prepared to
carry out the wish of the meeting in July last.
Unless they adopted Mr. Watkin's report, and took
the necessary steps to persuade the Government to
capitalize the postal subsidy, the company's affairs
must go from bad to worse. The first object they
had in view was to enable Mr. Watkin to re-
present them in Canada, and to carry out
the pending negotiations with the Canadian
Government to a successful issue. They must get
rid of their floating debt. They were indebted to
the judgment creditors for advances to enable the
company to complete the Victoria-bridge and to
open the railwaythroughout, otherwise the company
would have had no case whatever. On the whole,
they had made considerable progress during the
last six months, and they would act wisely to
strengthen the hands of the directors to carry out
the existing negociations.
Mr. HARTRIDGE expressed his satisfaction at the

report of Mr. Watkin, and thought he had taken
steps that would tend very much to promote their
interests. The proposed traffic arrangements were
essential to the wellbeing of the three Canadian

companies. The Government and people of Canada

had received the most benefit from their railway,
and he thought they should now help them to raise
the money to get the concern out of its difficulties.
He hoped they would have no managing director,
but that the manager should be accountable to the
directors, and the directors be accountable to the
bondholders and shareholders. lie believed that 110
miles of their line from Quebec to River du Loup
were a loss to them, owing to the projected line
from Quebec to Halifax not being carried out by the
Government. He wished for some explanations re-
specting the proposed extension to Montreal and
other matters mentioned in Mr. Watkin's report.

Mr. EVANS said he had recently returned from
Canada, and he could assure them it would require
considerable care and attention and a vast amount
of forbearance to bring the undertaking through its
present difficulties. The railway was made before
it was wanted, but when that time arrived it would
pay the proprietors well for their outlay. They
could not do without the Government aid, but he
thought it would require an enormous effort on the
part of the shareholders and bondholders to obtain
the necessary aid. He hoped they would all act
together with a view to obtain the great object
they desired, and that no section of the bondholders
would throw any difficulty in the way.
Mr. WATKIN said that Mr. Hartridge had very ,
properly asked for information as to the exten-
sion
into the city of Montreal. The company's
station was at present two miles from the centre
of the city. They had the opposition of the
river boats, and if they were to obtain their
fair share of the traffic they must obtain an exten-
sion of their line as proposed, and also
the..means of
transhipment into their trucks. Not having any '
capital account to go to, he thought the only way
was to pay a redeemable rental to those who might
find the money. The city of Montreal had subscribed
--XlO,OOO towards it, and a mercantile company had
agreed to raise the remainder of the money to com-
plete the extension. He trusted they would be
able to meet the additional charge by a small toll
on passengers and goods passing over the extension
line. He mentioned that the Canadian Government
had acted very gracefully in declining to appoint
one of three gentlemen to manage the affairs of the
company in Canada. The Government said the
undertaking should be managed by those who owned
the property, without any political interference
whatever. (Hear, hear.) The arrangement he had
suggested for uniting the three Canadian railway
companies would, if adopted, benefit all concerned.
They represented 1,600 miles in the aggregate, and
about £20,000,000 of capital. It was intended that
neat should as one company, under a perma-
present those ent sanctioned by Parliament. At
Separately try e linesl away
for the traffic, and
other competing li„,T a large portion of traffic to
A Profit could only be ob-

tained by acting together as one concern. Ho was
hapvy to say the uegotiatieus were in a very for-
ward state, and he trusted they would k oon be
brought to a conclusion. With regard to the pro-
posed international railway from Halifax to Quebec
he did not think that sufficient stress h3d been laid
on the shortcomings of the English Government
with regard to that matter. It was in the hope of

its construction that £16,000,000 of British money
had been expended on railways in Canada. In 1838
and in 1851 the question with regard to that line had
been brought forward and promises held out, but the
British Government had delayed its sanction, and
the guarantee for its construction. It would have
been a most fortunate thing for the Government
and the troops recently sent to Canada if the line
from Halifax to Quebec had been completed and
open for traffic, instead of having to march in
the ordinary way. It was now of the utmost impor-

tance that the whole of British America should be
connected by railway. It was a great national ques-
tion, and ho did not think the English Government
could do without such a line or much longer delay
its construction. He then expressed his gratitude
for the kind expressions in his favour. If it were
the wish of the shareholders, bondholders, and
directors that he should continue those negotiations
that had been alluded to, his best services would be
placed at their disposal. He should not be wrong if
he buoyed them up with expectations of success.
He thought the Canadian Government were well
disposed towards them, and he thought they were
en titled to their thanks for having in a handsome
manner referred the question of remuneration for
postal service to third parties. The Government
showed a desire to eondaet matters in a dignified
manner, and to maintain the high credit of the co-
lony, and by keeping up that good faith they would

not only benefit the railway but also promote the
material interests of Canada. He could assure the
bondholders that no one was more desirous than he
to uphold their interests, and, in fact, to protect all
their interests. He trusted that entire good faith to

all would be maintained in the company, whatever
were their engagements. It was obviously their in-
terest to adoptjust and fair proceedings. They could

not benefit one class without improving others in
the company. On the large scale there was only one
great interest, and that comprised the whole. He
had a strong hope that they would yet be able to
greatly improve the undertaking, but he would be
sorry to be too sanguine, for a railway in Canada
was not one in England. Their railway was 1,100
miles in length, but they might travel on it for 20

or 30 miles without taking up a passenger or seeing
a house. They were at a large expense to carry on
the traffic. But of course the country was not des-
tined to stand still; its progress had been more
rapid than that of the United States. He thought
the complications in the United States would induce

people to settle in Canada where they had a much
more liberal Government than in the United States
and where taxes were less severe. He thought
working men would reflect on those things and be
believed the tide of emigration would flow into
Canada, and upon that tide their properity would
depend. They should not be too sanguine, but let
them be united, and endeavour to do the best they
could to bring the undertaking out of its difficul-
ties. (Hear.)
At the request of Mr. HARTRIDGE and other
shareholders Mr. Conybeare withdrew his amend-
ment.

Mr. WATKIN suggested an alteration in the re-
solution to the effect that the report be approved
and the accounts received, which was agreed to.
The resolution proposed by the chairman was then
carried unanimously.
On the motion of Mr. HARTRIDGE, seconded by
Mr. CONYBEARE, a vote of thanks was passed to the
chairman and directors, and the proceedings ter-
minated.

firm to the effect that if they had not already passed
a check for the amount, they had better make it

payable to bearer, or else to the order of the writer,
as Mr. Jefferson was then absent from home. The
answer, dated on the following day, was that on
the return of Mr. Lloyd on the then next Friday

their communication would receive his attention.

On the 13th the prisoner's firm wrote to the prose-
cutors, requesting them without fail to forward by
the next post Mr. Pattinson's test of the alkali al-
ready shipped, which they had omitted to do. By
next day's post, at the request of the prosecutors,
Mr. Pattinson forwarded to the prisoner's firm his
certificate of analysis of the soda ash. On the 15th
they replied to the effect that the certificate, though
a test of a sample submitted to Mr. Pattinson, made
no allusion to that which had been shipped. They
added that, as far as they themselves were con-
cerned, there was no reason to doubt Messrs.
Jefferson's word as to the alkali being of the
specified strength, but the fact of they (H. D.
Lloyd and Co.) stipulating in the contract note
that the soda ash should be subject to Mr. Pattin-
son's test must have shown them the necessity for
that being done at the time of shipment, in order
that the certificate might accompany the ship-
ping documents. They could not, therefore, they
said, sufficiently express their regret at the un-
fortunate omission or oversight, as they could fore-
see the consequence would be considerable delay,
and perhaps loss. By return witness wrote that
the sample submitted to Mr. Pattinson was taken
in the usual manner out of various casks, which
were shipped. He added, the firm had fulfilled
their part of the contract, so far as analysis was
concerned, and must consider the question of
strength settled, as they could not allow themselves
to be placed at the mercy of people in Hamburg
about whom they knew nothing. Witness identi-
fied some more correspondence which had passed
between liim and the prisoner's firm on this sub-
ject. In one of his letters he said the whole of the
ash was of a first-rate quality ; he was certain they
could not buy better, and it was really mast annoy-
ing, in that their first transaction, after devoting so
much care and attention to the preparation of the
order, to have such a grievous misunderstanding.
To this the reply of the prisoner's firm was, that
they had been advised from abroad that the
quality of the ash was not first but second rate,
and "quite yellowish." On the subject of
payment they stated that " fourteen days from
the date of bills of lading, less 21 per cent. discount,
as they understood it, meant on the completion of
the delivery of the 100 tons.

Cross-examined by Mr. Miller—Mr. Livingstone
is a friend of Mr. Jefferson, living in Newcastle, and
partner in the firm of Stenhouse and Co., of Lon-
don. When we sell soda ash, and it is stated in the
sale note that it is subject to Mr. Pattinson's test,
we don't send any certificate of that test to the pur-
chaser. It was H. D. Lloyd and Co.'s business to
come and test the samples. They made no com-
plaint about the test until after they had been
asked for the money. (A laugh.) _ _

By Mr. Mullens—We shipped the goods in ques-
tion under what we supposed was really a bona
fide contract and I acted throughout the transaction
on the instructions of Mr. Livingstone, during the
absence of Mr. Jefferson. The prisoner's firm have
not paid any of the purchase money, amounting in
all to £749 12s. sd.

Mr. Jefferson, the prosecutor, gave evidence to
the effect that he parted with the alkali believing
the Alexander Bell and Son, to whom the prisoner
had i eferred him, were the firm of Alexander Bell
and Son, which is well known and respected in the
north of England. _ _

Yesterday Elizabeth Mary Wilson was called and
said—She is housekeeper at 26, Philpot-lane. The
prisoner hired offices there on the first floor, con-
sisting of a front and back room, in July last. He
was accompanied by one William Solomon when he
took them. A dispute arose about the previous tenant
going out, and some furniture he had left behind
him. Mr. Solomon took part in it, and insisted on
the prisoner being permitted to occupy the rooms
with the furniture. The prisoner upon that had the
use of the furniture, and Solomon with his own
hand rubbed out the name of the previous tenant
with some hot water, soap, and soda which he got
from her for the purpose. After that Solomon
came and went regularly during business hours.
She used to clean the rooms, and she saw in them
one large and two or three small account books. The
names of H. D. Lloyd and Co. were painted at the
entrance, and the defendant was the recognised

tenant.
Ann Willinson proved that she had charge of the
offices, 75, Old Broad-street. She knew Mr. John
Solomon. In 1860 he took chambers there, but did
not enter until about six weeks afterwards, or about
October. On his hiring the room the names Wil-
son, Graham, and Co. were put up outside, and soon
afterwards she saw the prisoner who was called Mr.
'Wilson, come backward and forward. All the time
Solomon occupied the offices the prisoner was known
as Mr. Wilson, and she made out the bill to the
prisoner in that name. Solomon eventually went
to Liverpool. The offices were on the third floor.
At the house next to No. 75 there is a well-known
firm of Wilson, Rose, Graham, and Co., merchants,
who have been there many years. The prisoner,
as Mr. Wilson, wished to be substituted for Mr
Solomon as the tenant, but Mr. Banks, the then
agent, declined to assent to the arrangement. She
locked them out of the chambers a month or six
weeks ago because they had not paid any rent.
William Probert, 31, Seymour-street, Euston -
square, book-keeper, said he knew John Solomon.
He was engaged by him in May, 1860, as a clerk in
Liverpool, where Mr. Solomon then carried on busi-
ness under the firm of Jonas Simmons and Co., as
commission agents, He employed witness to write
to different persons, whose names were taken from
the Directory, to see if he could not be supplied with
goods of various kinds. He also carried on business
at Liverpool as Wilson and Graham. Witness re-
collected the firm of Alexander Bell and Son, carry-
ing on business in Old Broad-street, and afterwards
removing to Threadneedle-street. He knew a clerk
who was employed by that firm. The letters pro-
duced (referring to much of the correspondence with
the prosecutors in this case) were in the handwrit-
ing of that clerk. Witness came to London at Solo-
mon's request, and assisted him in the business of
Wilson, Graham, and Co,, acting as clerk, from
October, 1860, to May, 1861. He was afterwards
subpoenaed to Liverpool as a witness against Solo-
mon for forgery.
Three letters were put in, dated the 7th and
14th of November and the 2d of December, in the
handwriting of Solomon, and addressed to Messrs
Bianconi and Co., of Hamburg, showing that the
alkali obtained by the prisoner from the prosecu-
tors had been consigned to that firm, and that
Solomon was about that time dealing with the bills
of lading.
On this evidence Mr. Mains asked to have the
prisoner again remanded.
Alderman Hale said he was prepared to commit
the prisoner for trial on the evidence as it stood.
Mr. Mullens stated he had a reason for pressing
for a further remand.
The case was then adjourned until this day week,
the prisoner, if he wished, to be at liberty to put in
bail in the meantime, himself in £5OO and two
sureties in £250 each, after the usual uotice as to
heir sufficiency.

FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST.

MAILS DUE.

Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Jan, 18.
via Marseilles
Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Jan. 4.
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. llelena.. Jan. 1.
China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Jan. 2.
via Marseilles ...Dec. 27.
Falkland Islands
Gibraltar, via Southampton Dec. 26.
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Jan. 2.
via Marseilles Dec. 27.
India (Bombay), via Southampton Dec. 26.
via Marseilles Jan. 4.
Lisbon
Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Dec. 26.
via Marseilles Dec. 27.
Newfoundland .... . Dec. 25
Oporto and Vigo
U.:S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet .. Dec. 25.
by U.S. packet
by 'Canadian packet. Dec. 25.
W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Ter teriffe Jan. 10.
Bahamas, via New York . Jan. 16.
Mexico..
All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Dec._ ao.
California,aucl British ColumPicsig • 110 ...... i

REALM. OF LONDON DURING 211 E WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)
In the week that ended last Saturday the total
number of deaths in London was 1,248 ; it exhibits
a decrease on those of previous returns since Octo-
ber. The average number of deaths in the coire-
spending weeks of ten previous years (1851-60), cor-
rected for increase of population, is 1,337. The
mortality of last week was therefore less by 89
deaths than it would have been if the average rate
calculated for the third week of December had ruled.
One hundred and fifty persons died from phthisis
(consumption), the corrected average being 146.
Bronchitis and pneumonia were fatal in 110 and 74
cases, the respective averages being 158 and 103.
Those pulmonary complaints that are most subject
to the influence of the weather are at present less
prevalent, or certainly less fatal, than is usual at
this period of the year. Whooping-cough was re-
turned in 61 cases, which is above the average mor-
tality.
Typhus numbered 41 cases last week, agreeing
very closely with the average; smallpox 4, measles
14, scarlatina 82, diphtheria 20, croup 24. Four
deaths from scarlatina occurred in Fulham, 3 in
Belgravia, 3 in Gray's-in-lane, 4 in Islington east,
3 in St: James's, Clerkenwell, 3 in St. Saviour's,
Southwark, 3 in Waterloo-road (first sub-district),
3 in St. Paul's, Deptford, 3 in Plumatead.
In the sub-district of St. George, Bloomsbury, 14
deaths were registered in the week ; and of these
there were four from scarlatina, one from typhus,
and one from whooping-cough. A journeyman
tailor, aged 25, died in Marchmont-street from scar-
latina, after six days' illness. The registrar states
that the deaths continue very much above the
average, and that scarlatina prevails chiefly in the
north-eastern portion of his sub-district.
Four deaths from scarlatina were registered in
Norwood ; two of these in Gipsey-house-road.
A widow died at the age of 97 years. An old man
of 96 years died in Hoxton-house, who had been
an inmate of that asylum for upwards of 56 years.
Last week the births of 958 boys and 944 girls,
in all, 1,902 children, were registered in London.
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1851-
60 the average number was 1,550. _ _

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 30.087 in.
The readings fell to 2981 in. on Wednesday, and
they rose to 30.30 in. on Friday. The mean tem-
perature of the air in the week was 42.6 deg.,
which is 3 deg. above the average of the same week
in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The
air was warm till Thursday, when the mean tem-
perature fell below the average. The highest day
temperature was 51 deg., on Monday; the lowest
was 34.5 deg., on Thursday. The range of the ther-
mometer in the week was therefore 16.5 deg. The
mean daily range was 7.1 deg. The difference be-
tween the mean dew-point temperature and air
temperature was 3.7 deg. The mean degree of
humidity of the air was 88, complete saturation be-
ing represented by 100, The wind was generally
in the north-west in the earlier half of the week; in
the north-east for the remainder. The whole amount
of rain was 9-hundredths of an inch, which fell on
Monday.

TEE FOREIGN RELATIONS OP TEE

UNITED STATES.

Among the documents connected with the foreign
relations of the United States which had been sub-
mitted to Congress was one to Mr. Dayton, Minis-
ter at Paris, dated June 17, 1861, in which the
whole subject of the foreign recognition of the
Southern Confederacy is discussed. It appears
that Mr. Seward was waited upon by the Ministers
of France and Great Britain, who announced that
they had been charged by their respective Govern.
ments to read a despatch to him. He replied that,
under the circumstances, he could not consent to an
official reading of the papers without first knowing
their tenour. They were then submitted informally
to his examination, when he perceived that they
proposed not only to recognise the rebels as belli-
gerents, but to hold official communication with
their so-called Government for certain purposes of
explanation. Mr. Seward, therefore, immediately
declined the official reception of any such communi-
cations. The Secretary says he learned some time
ago, through our Legation at St. Petersburg, that
an understanding had been effected between the
Governments of Great Britain and France, that they
should take one and the same course on the subject
of the political disturbances in this country, includ-
ing the possible recognition of the insurgents. This
conclusion was adopted before the new Ministers
were sent out by the present Administration, and
they have been instructed that the United States
Government will take no notice of such preconcerted
agreements, but, according to invariable usage, will
deal with each Power separately. The Secretary
then says :—" The United States, rightly jealous,
as we think, of their sovereignty, cannot suffer
themselves to debate any abridgement of that sove-
reignty with France or with any other nation. Much
less can it consent that France shall announce to
it a conclusion of her own against that sovereignty,
which conclusion France has adopted without any
previous conference with the United States
on the subject. This Government insists that the
United States are one whole undivided nation,
especially so far as foreign nations are concerned,
and that France is, by the law of nations and by
treaties, not a neutral power between two imaginary
parties here, but a friend of the United States."
Mr. Seward admits that " we have abundant evi-
dence of the good feeling and good wishes of the
Emperor," and he thinks that this step was the re-
sult of an inadvertence, and would not have occurred
if it had been delayed till the arrival of Mr. Dayton
at Paris. France had been led to mistake an ordi-
nary insurrection for a war that had divided one
Power into two. But, he says, there is only one
political power here, the United States of America.
He continues :—" There is, indeed, an armed sedi-
tion seeking to overthrow the Government, and the
Government is employing military and naval forces
to repress it. But these facts do not constitute a
war presenting two belligerent Powers, and modi-
fying the national character, rights, and responsi-
bilities, or the characters, rights, and responsibili-
ties of foreign nations. It is true that insurrection
may ripen into revolution, and that revolution thus
ripened may extinguish a previously existing State,
or divide it into one or more independent States,
and that if such States continue their strife after
such division then there exists a state of war affect-
ing the characters, rights, and duties of all parties
concerned. But this only happens when the revo-
lution has run its successful course." But the rea-
soning adopted by France and England is ;that
certain facts give the insurgents the appearance of
a Government de facto, and therefore they arc
to be regarded as belligerents in conformity-
with the laws of war. If this principle were al-
lowed, argues Mr. Seward, it would still be im-
portant to inquire how many nations see the facts
in this light. Thus far, there are only two.
Are the judgments of these two to outweigh those
of all other nations ? Doubtless each nation may
judge and act for itself, but it certainly cannot ex-
pect the United States to accept its decision upon a
question vital to their national existence. Our Sove-
reign rights do not at all depend upon the appear-
ance they may assume in the eyes of foreign nations,
and we shall defend them, and expect other nations
to respect them, until, if ever, Providence permits
them to be overthrown. Mr. Seward then goes over
the diplomatic negotiations with France with regard
to the declarations of the Congress of Paris, and
shows that she claims nothing of us which we do
not freely concede. And in declining to receive the
communication referred to, we only refuse her the
privilege of telling us we are at war when we main-
tain that as to her we are at peace, and that she is
neutral, when we prefer to recognise her as a friend.
After expressing the most amicable sentiments, Mr.
! Seward closes with the following passage :—" The

case, as it now stands, is the simple,:ordinary one
that has happened at all times and in all countries.
A discontended domestic faction seeks foreign in-
tervention to overthrow the Constitution and the
liberties of its own country. Such intervention, if
yielded, is ultimately disastrous to the cause it is
designed to aid. Every uncorrupted nation in its
deliberate moments prefer its own integrity, even
with unbearable evils, to division through the power

or influence of any foreign State. This is so in
France. It is not less so in this country. Down I
deep in the heart of the American people—deeper
than the love of trade, or of freedom—
deeper than the attachment to any local or sec-
tional interest or partisan pride, or individual
ambition—deeper than any other sentiment--is
that one out of which the Constitution of this Union
arose—namely, American independence; inde-
pendence of all foreign control, alliance, or in-
fluence. Next above it lies the conviction that
neither peace, nor safety, nor public liberty, nor
prosperity, nor greatness, nor empire can be at-
tained here with the sacrifice of the unity of the
people of North America. Those who, in a frenzy
of passion, are building expectations on other prin-
ciples do not know what they arc doing. When-
ever one part of the Union shall be found assuming
bonds of dependence or of fraternity toward any
foreign people, to the exclusion of the sympathies
of their native land, then, even if not before, that
spirit will be reawakened which brought the States
of this Republic into existence, and which will
preserve them united until the common destiny
which opened to them shall be fully and com-
pletely realised."