The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-05 00:00:00

Stage Manager, Mr. IL Phillips

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EVENING.—The 31usic of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs). _ _ . .

And a Grand Selection from ➢ieyerbeer's new opera of
DINORAH.

Comic Vocalists —Messrs. Georze Hodson (the Trish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.

Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.
ROSA BONHELTR'S celebrated PICTURE of the HORSE
FAIR is now added to the already magnificent Collection of
rainting.s in the Canterbury Hall Fine Arts Gallery. The
gallery is open from 9 a in. till 12 p.m. Admission, Six-
pence.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 5.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
56—highest since noon yesterday.
47—lowest this morning and during the night.
55—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.48.
WIND, South-Westerly ; moderate, with cloudy weather.
Three o'Clock—Wind S.W., fresh, with some rain.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, Oh. 50m.—Afternoon, 10h. 24m.
To-Mouiow-Morning, 10h. 56m.—Afternoon, 11h. 9m.

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T lIE SUN.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1859.

Austria was only reprieved at Villafranca. That
truce—though it may be termed now a treaty—was
nothing better for the House of Hapsburg than a
reprieve. Its doom is inevitable. Its destruction
is long since virtually un fait accompli. The de-
struction of the whole of that immense empire can
at the best only a little while longer be postponed.
It contains within itself the seeds of it own disso-
lution. Constructed out of a series of gigantic rob-
beries, and out of a system of spoliation, she will
" die the death" inevitably among the great Powers
of the earth by a dire dismemberment. Her Italian
provinces are already for the most part torn from hor
at the close of a succession of signal defeats upon the
" foughten fields" of Montebello, Magenta, Malig-
nano, and Solferino. The beautiful and fertile
plains of Lombardy she has seen added to the pro-
vinces of her Sardinian neighbour. Venetia waits

but the signal from Central Italy to follow the

course already taken by the Parmese, the Tuscans,
and the Modenese. The strong fortresses may yet

fall before the flash of the sword of GARIBALDI as
the walls of Jericho before the trumpets of the
Israelites. KOSSITTH'S hour of vengeance will yet
strike—that hour the tolling of which will
be the tocsin of the fall of Austrian, before the
10,000,000 of Hungarians. And Croatia—the
sound of revolt has already begun to mutter from
that quarter of the motley empire held in thrall
under the sceptre of the House of Hapsburg. An
octavo volume has recently been published in Paris
under the title of La Croatie et la Confederation
Italienne—a book that is little less than a national

manifesto—the portent for the Croats of the begin-

fling of the end of the great work of their realised
independence. Towards the close of this significant
publication, the writers of it, who are understood to
be among the most eminent men of Croatia, aver :
" The Croatian constitution, sworn to by the ances-
tors of FRANCIS JOSEPH', is but an Utopian 'dream.
The services eternally rendered to the House of
Austria by the Croatians are of the same character,
as are also the franchises, immunities, and liberties,
in a word, tradition itself." Furthermore, they
speak of the Austrian empire plainly and point-
blank as a power "justifying its possessions by theft
and its particular existence by assassination. It is
impossible to designate by any other terms an act
so culpable as that of the systematic destruction of
the nationalities." The truth' is. Austria is at this
juncture of her history—at this sinister eve of the
close of her history---under the ban of those lolg
downtrodden nationalities now bent coute qui coute
upon avenging themselves ! It has been hitherto
the boast of the Austrian Emperors that blessings
have been called down upon their anointed heads by
their motley subjects chaunting the glories of their
dominion in five or six different languages. There is
another tale to tell of them now that in five or six
different languages curses—curses in some direc-
tions not loud but deep, curses in others both loud
and deep—are called down upon the whole malign
scheme of this cruel and pitiless Government. There
is a threefold malediction perpetually breathed
against the,Viennese despDtisin—from Venetia, from
Hungary, from Croatia. It is impossible a house

"so" divided against itself can stand. It is the
monstrous effigy often heard of, and read of, and
shuddered over before now—with the head of gold,
and the arms of brass, and the body of iron, and the
feet of clay. Great will be the fall thereof when
the cup of wrath is at last brimmed up for the
peoples holding it now and for years and years past
in the uttermost abhorrence. How ends this ana-
thema maranatha uttered in the name of the Croa-

tians ? Mark the words now following—they are I
in a manner in their tone (reverently speaking)
apocalyptic. They are these :—" Ten years
and upwards have just expired in the
midst of the most profound iniquity, and
Austria —we have, already proved it in
the most peremptory manner—has positively
given herself for mission to exclude the principles
of justice, the supreme object of all society. Since
the House of Hapsburg-Lorraine, abusing its pro-
per authority, refuses to submit to moral laws and
traditions, it is necessary, and it is moreover just,
that its pretended subjects—free citizens whom it
wishes to transform into slaves—should resume the
legal exercise of their proper liberty, in order to
secure the maintenance of human and traditional
rights, and the permanent application of those
moral laws whish constitute Divine right. In
short, since FRANCIS JOSEPH, instead of protecting
the universal existence of the States which he go-
verns, either legally or illegally, dares to sign the
sentence of their political death, it is just that the
peoples, instead of protecting the existence of the
Austrian Monarchy, should not fear in their turn
to sign the warrant for the political death of the
House of Hapsburg. For " the destruction of a
nation," says HOENE WRONSKI, "is a public as-
sassination for which eternal justice prescribes the
lex talionis." These general principles have a par-
ticular value as regards the Croatian nation and
state, because the political and moral ties which
unite it to the House of Hapsburg were the result
of a bilateral contract which neither party could
violate under any pretext without absolutely re-
leasing the other party from its engagement. We
therefore call Europe to witness the sanctity of our
cause, and of the independence which we have a
right to enjoy as a free nation in the midst of all
other nationalities, neither more nor less than Italy,
since the rights of nations are never prescribed.
The actual enfranchisement of a single nation
implies in principle the immeiiate or future
enfranchisement of all the other nations
who now struggle under the blows of a brutal
Austrian despotism." KOSSUTH even has never
breathed words of more trenchant logic, of more
withering scorn, or of more eloquent denunciation.
The voice of each of the nationalities cursed by
Austrian rule, is becoming fast the voice of a CAS-
SANDRA. Like CASSANDRA they may one and all
be derided, yet are they like CASSANDRA prophetic
in spite of the general derision. As surely as Troy
fell so surely will Austria. But the fall of Austria
will as surely be the same—with a difference. It
will be as final and complete. But it will be un-
heroic—the disgraceful downfall of retribution.
Then, and only then, can there be hope of peace for
Europe. Because then, and only then, can there
be that true Balance of Power of which Europeans
have so long talked and only talked—that true
Balance of Power which is, in fact, nothing else
and nothing less than the independence of nation,.
alities.

Archdeacons to the rescue! Whatever difficulty
there may be in enlisting sailors for the Royal Navy
there is none in enlisting Archdeacons for Church-
rates. Sixty-two of them are willing, so unlike
the masons of London, actually to sign a " declara•
tion," and here it is :

" lYe, the undersigned, Archdeacons in the Church of
England, being deeply sensible of the special responsibility
which attaches to us, in virtue of our office, to do all that
lies in our power to maintain the Church-rate; and being
not without hope that the public expression of our collec-
tive judgment may, with the Divine blessing, have weight
with our brethren the clergy and laity, and move them to
unite with us in making general and systematic efforts in
that behalf."

On which we venture to remark, that the " col-

lective judgment of the Archdeacons" is very fitly
united " with the Divine blessing," since, without
that adjunct, it will certainly go for very little fit-
deed in these profane days—these days in which
the very name and title of Archdeacon is apt to ex-
cite a smile amongst irreverent laymen and their
M.P.'s; but then the Archdeacons will tell us '

the things which are despised hath GOD chosen
to confound the things that are wise "—therefore
the smiled-at Archdeacons may be chosen to con-
found the " wisdom of Parliament."

"We hereby declare-4. That the provision made for the
worship and service of Almighty God, by means of Church-
rates, is an integral part of the establishment of the National
Church."

Hence, when Church-rates go, as go they will, the
establishment will crumble apace. To which de-
claration all the voluntaries will therefore respond
Amen.

" 2. That such provision is especially the inheritance of
the poor."

Of the "poor" who prefer going to the Metho-
dist Chapel, and rating themselves a penny a-week
there, for a service better suited to their taste (see
Rev. J. OSBORN'S evidence before the Lords' Com-
mittee, last session).

"3. That all 'Arsons purchasing or renting house or
land, or building house, purchase or rent such house or
land, or build such house, subject to the liability to pay
Church. rates."

If the majority of their neighbours agree that
they shall pay it. The rate Dr. LUSHINGTON and
Lord CAMPBELL declare to be a charge on persons,
according to their utility, not on property, but in
respect of it only.
" 4. That for these principal reasons, it is the duty of
the Legislature not to destroy, but to maintain the law of
Church-rate."

Its duly, if the majority of the Legislature think
the said reasons worth a straw ; which they do not.
Their duty is to do what they think right in regard
to all the subjects of the realm.
After the declaration follow the 62 venerable
names, but as with one or two exceptions they are
names which no one ever heard of beyond their own
archdeaconries, we omit them, and beg to honour
them by inserting their petition, " agreed on at th•
same meeting"
" The humble petition, &c., showetb, 1. That the making
of a rate upon the occupiers of property in lands, houses,
and other tenements for maintaining the fabrics of parish
churches, and for provi king such things as are necessary to
the performance of Divine service therein, is a custom from
time immemorial, and, as such, part of the common law of
the land."

The argument is, that—no " immemorial custom"
or "part of the common law" needs to be changed.
According to Lord DERBY'S definition that is bad
Conservatism. According to the practice of the
Legislature it is false. According to common
sense—silly.

" 2. That all such property, inherited or acquired, has
been inherited or acquired subject to the liability of the
occupiers thereof to charge by custom of Church-rate."

" Subject" to being the measure of a charge on
the person (see above), and at the will of the ma-
jority of the neighbours. The question is, ought a
majority of parishioners to have this power over the
dissenting minority ?
"3. That the custom of Church-rate has been, from time
to time, recognised and confirmed by decisions of the courts,
and by statute., law."

No doubt. So have fifty bad customs which have
yet been abolished.

"4. 'I hat the custom of Church-rate is an integral part
of the constitution of the National Church, inasmuch as the
nation has provided that the -maintaining of the fabrics of
the churches, and the supplying of such things as are neces-
sary to the performance of Divine service therein, for the
use and benefit of all the parishioners, shall be a charge
upon the occupiers of property in lands, houses, and other
tenements in every parish ; and the custom of Church-rate
is the means whereby the national purpose is carried into
effect."

Only, now, the nation thinks that those 'who have
the rent-free use of churches should keep them in

repair, and think they have a cheap hire too. And
that those who use the Church service should pay
for it, as those do who use the service of the
Methodist Chapel.

"5. That the custom of Church-rate is, therefore, a trust
committed to the keeping of every occupier of property in
lands, houses, and other tenements, for the common use
and benefit."

Not a "trust," but a power to tax, which those who
get no " use and benefit" from the thing they are
taxed for, think those should pay for who do get
the said use and benefit.
"6. That the custom of Church-rate is, moreover, espe-
cially the inheritance of the poor."

Who yet despise their inheritance and think the
estate they pay for with their own money in the
Methodist Chapel better—or who stay at home, or
take a walk P

" 7. That the value of the custom of Church-rate is not to
be measured by the amount of money involved, so much as
by the principles out of which it has sprung, to which it
bears witness, and of which it is the record and the expres-
sion."

The principle out of which it sprung was com-
pelling persons to pay for public worship, after
archdeacons and other clergymen had absorbed the
proportion of the tithes which used to support the
Church and the poor. The " value" of that prin-
ciple is, at the present day, disbelieved by many,
doubted by more, and according to Lord STANLEY,
will in another generation be denied by all. If he
be right, compulsory support of religion is to give
place to voluntaryism, archdeacons and Church-
rates and custom notwithstanding.
"8. That your petitioners have seen with grief and alarm
several bills introduced into your honourable House
for the abolition, or the curtailment, of the
Sikora of Church-rate ; and that your petitioners under-
stand that a bill of this nature is now before your honour-
able house."

No doubt at all o.boUt " the grief and alarm." It
will subside in the same way, and under the same
circumstances, as the " grief and alarm" of land-
lords in the time of the " League," has vanished.

" 9. That your petitioners cannot admit that the prin-
ciple or the practice of toleration is endangered, or conscience
aggrieved, by the custom of Church-rate."

Any custom is a grievance if it grieves me.
W hether it is intolerance or not depends on
whether the oppressor is doing as he would be

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office, November 5 :
PARIS, Nov. 5.

The Moniteur publishes the following despatch
of General Martimprey, dated Camp Ain-Tafourel,
30th Oct. :

Beni Snassen has submitted to the conditions of
peace dictated to him. These tribes will give
hostages and will pay tribute as reparation for
their unjust attacks. I have stipulated that the
chief of the mountain should come into my camp in
order that I may receive guarantees for the fulfil-
ment of the conditions of peace. He has just left
my tent where I received his visit. In four days
I shall settle the affairs with Ouchda, then those
of the plain of the Angardes, of the Versant and
of Zikkora.

TRIESTE, Nov. 4.
The Austrian Lloyd's steamer, just arrived, brings
advices from Constantinople to the 29th ult.
On the 23d and 27th ult. Ministerial Councils,
attended by all the Ministers, had taken place.

The four Patriarchs of the Greek Church have
presented a project to Fuad Pasha for raising
tithes from the revenues of the convents, to be ap-
plied to the payment of the clergy.
The publication of the Levant Herald has been
resumed. The Presse d'Orient, however, has been
definitively suppressed.
The Chief of the General Staff, Tefik Pasha, and
his wife have been conducted to Brussa.

NICE, Nov. 2.

A Russian squadron, composed of one man-of-
war and five frigates, will remain during the winter
at Villafranca.

MALTA, Nov. 1.
The Renown and the Brunswick, liners, left on
the 26th of October, it is supposed for Ancona.
The Hannibal, the St. Jean d'Acre, and the
London left yesterday for Corfu.