The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-16 00:00:00

Victoria Rifle corps yesterday afternoon at Kilburn, the streets bright and sunny—in fact, everything
and expressed himself highly gratified at the smart beautiful. and satisfactory.
and soldierlike manner in which the various evolu- " The Emperor was received by the clergy at the
tions were performed. The Kilburn rifle ground door, and the whole ceremony passed off as these
has of late become one of the great centres of attrac- things usually do. Only the attitude of the people
tion. The Queen has been pleased to accept the re- was interesting, for rarely was there a thanksgiv-
signation of Major the Earl of Perth. It isrumoured ing, I believe, in which so many hearts sincerely
that the commission will be offered to the senior joined—not only those privileged to go inside, but
officer, Capt. Clifford. the thousands and thousands outside. Imagine
The detachment of the Fifeshire Militia, to re- besides this the splendid cathedral and the square
place the Hants at Pendenni9, have not yet reached before it, the magnificent troops, still surrounded
that garrison. with all the halo of a. recent victory, and an Italian
The Royal Radnor Rifles assembled for training sun, rather hot, but brilliant. It was a sight such
on Tuesday last, under command of Major Peel. as it rarely fails to the lot of man to see.
" MILAN, JUNE 10.
" I gave you some of the most salient features of
the events which have occurred in Milan since the
retreat of the Austrians, but as the process by
which Lombardy is progressing by degrees to the
formation of a provisional Government may not be
without interest to you, I will attempt to bring it
before you in chronological order.
" The turning point was on Sunday, the 9th
inst., the day after the battle of Magenta. Some
time before that, however, rumours were afloat that
the Austrians were preparing for the evacuation of
the town. In spite of the measures taken to keep
the population in the dark about the rapid advance
of the Allies, the news spread, and it was in a great
measure due to the gradually increasing probability
of.being delivered so soon from the Austrians by
the efforts of the Allies alone that the population
kept its temper, and did not do anything to pro-
voke a collision with the Austrian troops. In the
evening of the 4th and the night following it, a
considerable number of troops arriving from the
frontier passed through the town to the Citadel,
and the Piazza d'Armi before it, where they
stopped only sufficient time to rest, and then went
on in different directions. This retreat lasted the
whole night and the next day till 9 10 a.m., by,
which time almost everything had been cleared.
out. Before the last troops left the populace had
already made its way into the Citadel in search of
the things left there. Three boxes with silver
coin, the remains of 12,000,000 (?) lire, lately
brought here, were found left behind ; one of them
was forced, but the two others were saved in time
by the authorities. A great mass of provisions,
grain, flour, rice, &c., was likewise found, and in
part carried away under the very eyes of the
Austrians, who took no notice of the proceeding.
Probably, they thought it wise to occupy the popu-
lace and humour it while they were effecting their
retreat. They were successful enough in this, for,
except one insignificant collision between two
soldiers and some of the people, nothing seems to
have occurred to spoil this mutally satisfactory ar-
rangement.
"By 10 o'clock, with the exception of a few
stragglers, all the Austrians had left, and the
people, who had found, besides the provisions and
money, a number of muskets in the Citadel, and
taken possession of them, disarmed all these
stragglers, without any resistance on their part.
" The town of Milan was thus left without a
Government ; the allied army was seven or eight
leagues off as yet, and the old masters had departed.
The moment was critical, for in a large town there
are always, and must be copious elements of dis-
order, which would not have failed to take advan-
tage of the interregnum. There remained of the
established authorities only the Municipal Council,
and the Podesta at the head of it. Under the old
regime this latter had all the power, and was con-
sequently always a creature of the Austrian Govern-
ment, while the Council was little more than a
shadow.
"The Podesta was naturally impossible, so he
withdrew, and the Municipal Council, or congre-
guzigne, as it is called, took the government of the
city into its hands.
"Its first care was to provide for the maintenance
of order and tranquillity ; as soon, therefore, as it
had become the only power in the city, it appointed
trustworthy and influential petsons in each parish
to maintain order and security in its precincts, and
published a proclamation summoning all respectable
citizens to range themselves under these chiefs. At
the same time another proclamation threatened with
all the rigour of the law those who should make
themselves guilty of an attempt against persons or
property. There must have been an apprehension
of the evil propensities of the mob, for every one
who had something to lose flocked under the banner
of his parish, where a number of them were pro-
vided with the arms found in the Citadel, or those
they had themselves, and a kind of national guard
was thus organised, of which Carlo Prinetti, one of
the popular men, was named commander.
" All those who were in possession of arms of any
kind were called upon to bring them to the head-
quarters of the National Guard in the Palazzo
Marico, and deliver them against a receipt. Those
who kept their arms without entering the lists of
the National Guard were declared at the same time
suspect.
"In order to protect the town against the
marauders of the enemy, and perhaps likewise to
give the mob an innocent occupation, the citizens
were requested to erect barricades at the entrance
of the principal streets. The alarm bells were to
be the signal for resistance.
" As soon as these provisions had been made for
the security of the town, a proclamation appeared,
signed by all the members of the municipal body,
which asked the citizens to prepare for the reception
of the Emperor and the King who had done so much
for the freedom of Italy, and to proclaim King
Victor Emmanuel, who has prepared the war of in-
dependence for the last ten years, to renew the
connection of Lombardy with generous Piedmont.
" Everything went on as orderly as possible, so
that in the evening the provisional postmaster
could announce that the mails would leave for
Turin as well as Switzerland."

THE HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE ARMIES
IN ITALY.

(From the Times.)
We have been favoured with the following letters
from the same correspondent who described the
Battle of Magenta :
" Malegnano (Half-way between Milan and
Lodi), June 9, Morning.
" While Milan was still in a frenzy of joy at the
arrival of the two allied Sovereigns, this place was
the scene of a sharp combat with the Austrian
rear guard, which had occupied and fortified this
large town with a considerable force, intending
to gain time for the retreat of their army
and baggage from Pavia to Lodi and across
the Adda. This time it was the first corps
of Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers which had its turn.
Three divisions of it—Bazaine's, Forey's' and
l'Amirault's—had left the neighbourhood of Milan
only yesterday morning, to advance on the high road
in the direction of Lodi, while other troops went in
different directions to gain the Adda, and thus to
cut off, if possible, some of the Austrian troops.
" One look at the map will show you how import-
ant the position of Malegnano was for the Austrians
in their retreat, for its possession by the Allies cut
off the retreat of everything coming from Pavia
which had not yet passed San Angiolo. Besides, Ma-
legnano is on the river Lambro, which, although a
small river in itself, is a tolerable obstacle to the
advance of an army from the complicated system of
irrigation for which it has been employed. Just
before the place itself three little streams, diverted
into no end of small channels, unite into one, the
Vittabia, coming from Milan, and skirting the road
is a deep canal of considerable width. It crosses
the road at some hundred yards from the village,
and unites to the left of it with the two others (the
Lambro and Muzza), coming down in a northerly
and north-easterly direction ; all three united flow
through the town and fructify all the neighbour-
hood, famous for the produce of its dairies. The
country is the same alluvial plain as heretofore, with
the ditches and willow trees around the fields, the
only difference being that the corn becomes rarer
and hayfields abound.
" It was known that the enemy had occupied the
town and its neighbourhood since Sunday last, the
day of his retreat from Milan, and that he had con-
siderable forces assembled there. The dispositions
were, that the Division Bazaine was to attack the
position in front from the high road, the Division
Forey from the right, by one of the numerous
byroads which connect the villages on both sides
with the main road, while the Division l'Amirault
had to take the town likewise by one of the byroads
from the left.
"The three columns advanced accordingly. They
halted on the road to cook their coffee, which is to
the French soldier what grog is to the English.
After a short rest on they went again, until at 5
p.m., they arrived in sight of the town. The day
had been close, the road dusty, and the march long,
yet as soon as they arrived at the point of attack
the order of battle was formed ; the centre column
with the Ist Zouaves and the left with the 15th of
the Line a-head, and the 10th Chasseurs-i-Pied
and the broken ground in the interval between the
two. The right column was used more for a flank-
ing movement than an actual attack, for the road
from Magenta leads out to the right of the town,
and it was not presumable that the enemy would
hold much on the opposite side of it. The real
object of this column was to gain the high road
and molest or intercept the enemy's retreat.
" Before attacking, a few cannon shot were fired
from the bridge before the town, which the Aus-
trians had again left standing. These latter did
not reply ; on this the order to advance was
given, and the Zouaves, full of desire to emulate
their comrades, who had distinguished themselves
at Palestro and Magenta, rushed on with, even for
them, unusual elan. No resistance was met until
they came to a cemetery to the left of the road, just
before the entrance to the town. It is surrounded
by a wall from 15 to 18 feet high, and covered
outside with tombstones of black marble imbedded
in it. The only entrance to it is a large, massive
iron gate. This cemetery the enemy occupied in
strength. Benches, from a little chapel which is
enclosed by the wall, and ladders were placed
against the enclosure to serve as a banquette to the
defenders. In spite of these preparations the ro-
sistance
on this point was not great, for already had
the 10th Chasseurs, to the left, turned the position.
When they arrived at the river, which, as I said
before, crosses the main road, and runs to the other
side of the town, they found the bridge leading
over it broken. Nothing daunted by this, they
jumped into the stream and made their way through
it in spite of its depth. Immediately behind the
cemetery is a large farmhouse, which forms the first
house of the town on this side. The wall of it
had been loopholed, and the windows were occupied
by riflemen. This was attacked first, and carried.
What follows after it was a street fight, the Ist
Zouaves, supported by the 3d of the Line, on one
side, and the 10th Chasseurs and the 15th of the
Line on the other. Every house was stronglyec occu-
pied and obstinately defended. Concealpr oted laehind
the windows, the enemy, sufficiently ted,
directed a murderous fire on the attacking columns.
They never showed themselves for an instant in
the open, but, loading behind the walls, ran out
and fired. In spite of this disadvantage, which occa•
sioned a good deal of loss, one house after another was
cleared of the Austrians. Just on the outskitts of the
town is a large building, once a chateau, and lately
used by the Austrians as a House of Correction; it
stands in the midst of a square, and is surrounded
by a large dry ditch. To this square a large mass
of Austrians was pressed back. There is a double
gateway, the outer a square tower, having evi-
dently once been connected by a drawbridge with
the inner one ; now a causeway leads over it, and
through this the Austrians had to make their way.
They were caught by the Zouaves, and a number
of them bayonetted. Those who could get through
in time ran to the garden which leads off the
courtyard into the fields. A massive iron gate
separates the two, and the Austrians found means
to shut this. The building on all other sides is
surrounded by a ditch, flanked with masonry, about
15 to 20 feet high, so that there was no issue on
that side. Besides, the Austrians had thrown up
some earthworks in the fields facing it. But this
interruption lasted only just long enough to allow
another body to go round, and, once in the open
field, it was child's play.
"In an hour and a•half the Austrians were
driven out of the town with a loss of 1,000 priso-
ners, one gun, and at least 4,000 dead and wounded.
By the time this was done the Division Forey had
come up on a byroad on the flank of the Austrian
line of retreat, and opened out with two batteries
upon the close columns which had to defile before
them. I need not say that it rendered the retreat
of the Austrians more precipitate.
'° I'h
kelnooivn
sses,on our side, although not yet dis-
arectlyare severe, as must always be the
ca se in a street fight, especially if, out of considera-
tion for the property of our friends, we abstain
from using cannon, usually the most effective means
in such a case.
" Such combats, however, have this advantage—
they give confidence to the soldier, for if he can be
victorious under such difficult circumstances he
thinks he can do almost anything.
" MILAN, JUNE 9, EVENING.
" The cannon at Malegnano did not much disturb
yesterday the joy of the Milanese, but so much the
more did the rain, wand came down in torrents
considerably the
other gaietieswith '
in
their
ehitrc he
cause
have celsephoii.aletaed the arrival of the
Yeterd
Milanese Y
illuminationse
evre enati and
dgb
~
bered that
two Sovereigns. But if the Milanese forgot in
tahfeeiwr jomyiltehsatoffo,ththeresy
fightingwere
eem after the
fight it was their duty to do everything to alleviate
the sufferings of the wean • ded Last night, indeed,
but more especially this morning, hundreds of pri-
vate carriages, from the most stylish equipage down
to the common two-wheeled cart of the country,
went down to the battle-field as improvised ambu-
lances, and they came back with the wounded.
Every family who can afford it gives linen,bedding,
and chorine ; the ladies go as volunteer n urs es to
the hospitals, sends all kind of dainties—do, in fact,
everything that can be desired; and all this is done
spontaneously, and with a good-will and readiness
which show that they know how to appreciate
services of their ' liberators.'
" If the Milanese had their pleasure rather spoiled
yesterday by the storm, they were indemnified for
that by the splendid sight which the procession to the
Duomo and the Te Delon offered them. The whole
Infantry of the Guard, coming from the Piazza
d'Aymi, near the arena where they are encamped,
traversed the streets, music in front, and then
formed in line all along the Corso, through which the
3mperor went to the church. I should have only
to' report myself in recounting the reception ; it
raioed flowers and laurel crowns, the air resounded
with enthusiastic hurrahs, every one was radiant,

TUSCANY.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)
FLORENCE, JUNE 11.

The confusion in the Tuscan Cabinet, about which
I gave you some hint in my letter of yesterday, is
becoming worse confounded as time wears on. Last
evening it was the State Secretary-General Celes-
tino Bianchi, who tendered his resignation. He is '
a young literary man of some repute, who made
himself conspicuous about two months ago as the
writer of that pamphlet, Toscano eel 'Austria, to
which Ridolfi, Ricasoli, Peruzzi, Cempini, and 1
others appended their signatures, and which
sounded the death-knell to the Tuscan branch of 1
the Hapsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Signor Bianchi
was the other evening coming out of the Teatro
Cocomero, when he was met by a party of young
men of the Fusionist party, who reminded him in
no very mild or conciliatory terms, that he had
been an Italian patriot, and that it was unbecoming
for one like him to lend his help to a Government
which seemed unmindful of its mission, as far as
the independence and union of Italy are concerned.
Bianchi stammered out some apologies, stating that
he was only a secretary, and had no control over
the resolutions of the Government, but it seems
some twinges of self-reproach visited him at night,
as on the morrow he signified to Buoncompagni
that he could not conscientiously continue in office.
The Royal Commissioners and the Ministers suc-
ceeded in pacifying htm, on the ground, especially,
that for the last four or five days everything had
been done by the Government which could safely
be ventured upon, in order to lead Tuscany to its
annexation to the Italian kingdom.
I have been assured that no man has been
more earnestly urging the Ministers to this course
than Prince Napoleon, who represented to them
that the Unionist party was both strong in number
and resolution; that they could with great difficulty
be restrained from carrying their point by open
violence, and in the event of a disturbance he (the
Prince) reminded the Tuscan Government that his
mission here was purely military, and that he would
not allow a single French soldier under his Orders
to take part in any civil commotion, either on one
side or the other, but would leave the Ministers to
fight their own battles as they best could.
As a contrast to the dastardly desertion of his post
by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and to the absurd
bravadoes of the Duke of Modena, it is but justice
to place the conduct of the Bourbon lady who has
just left her capital at Parma for the second and,
in all probability, the last time.
Married in the house of another Bourbon line,
whose males have in all instances proved themselves
less then men, Louisa, the sister of the Duke cf
Bordeaux, was silent and resigned during the reign
of that harebrained spendthrift Charles 11., a man
who began by ruining, and ended by robbing, his
small State of Lucca, and who, even before his
removal from that throne to that of Parma, had
quit
interestous bargain w
already managed both to rob and ruin his hereditary
made
domains, by giving for a trivial consideration his
consent to the sale of the Duchy of Guastalla, an ini-
ith the Duke of Modena, wholly in
and at tipimbreoheeesithloef Austria. Charles
modern
11. the
phrase is, at Parma after 1848, and his son, Charles
a worse scapegrace, reigned in his stead. The
follies and crimes of the youg Duke no man ever
attempted to excuse or palliate; except on the plea of
iall
reignal `vasright such
or
a shocking
series principle,
that when at last an assassin's knife rid the coun-
try of the miniature Caligula his poor widow
seemed, in spite of herself, to breathe freely, and
nsoi and
outrages his short
against
did not hesitate in the proclamation by which she
announced her regency in the name of her eldest
son, Duke Robert, to recognise in that deed of
blood "the finger of Providence." Since the death
of Charles lII.—I do not think any man of any
party will dare to gainsay it—the Government of