The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-09 00:00:00

CIVIL WAR 1N AMERICA.

Thlose who have taken their views of the Ameri-
can Civil .11, rar from the representations of the
North must now begin to have some doubts of their
own wisdom. Happy is it for England, and happy
will it be, we believe, for America, that they are a
small minority, and that the
.great body of the
nation has judged for itself in so important a
matter. Had our Government and people been led
away in the early part of this year to cheer on the
crusade of the North, to echo its assertions about
the weakness of the Secessionist movement, and to
join in predicting the Union's speedy victory, what
would have been our position now P Instead of
standing in a decent neutrality between two power-
ful and incensed nations, for so must they now be
called; instead of being able when the time comes
to speak with the calm of impartiality and the con-
fidence derived from just anticipations, we should
have been merely a set of partisans doomed to ex-
plain away OUR hasty enthusiasm. Whatever may
be the end of this American contest, Englishmen
will be happy that they counselled peace. Should
the Confederates establish their independence, they
will not be able to accuse us of trying to strangle
their nationality in the cradle. Should the present
differences result in a " transaction" by which the
old Union shall be soldered together for a time, then
neither party will have it to say that the burdens
left by a season of civil strife were increased by our
evil counsels. If anything were needed to confirm
this country in its policy, the present situation of
affairs would be quite enough. It is now plain
that this must be a gigantic war. It is but four
or five months since we were told that a single
encounter would decide matters. Those who pro-
fessed to know the character of the Southerner
and his opponent assured us that the former was
a mere noisy swaggerer, who might fight pretty well
for a single day, but would be soon overthrown by
the stern moral man of the North. How complete
has been the mistake of those who took this view of
the combatants may be jadged from the present
state of the campaign.
General Ill'Clellan has, according to the testi-
mony of all, a very excellent body of men under his
command. The active spirits from every Northern
State have flocked to the war. These are far supe-
rior both in bodily strength and in mental culture
to the average of European troops. A large part
of them have been accustomed to the use of arms
from early youth; they are quick and intelligent,
fairly obedient to their officers, and they have
already made very great advances in military dis-
cipline. Of these men there are said to be 200,000
in or near Washinton. If we take this estimate as
exaggerated, and reduce the number to 100,000, still
we have an army most formidable in numbers and
in the material of which it is composed. This great
force has every military appliance which a wealthy
and ingenious nation of twenty millions can give it.
Rifles of the best construction, powder of the first
quality, and guns of the most convenient calibre,
both for the field and for sieges, are bought or
manufaxtured in abundance by the United States
Government. No better tents and blankets and
greatcoats and stockings, we may be sure were ever
furnished to an army. The men are paid at an
extravagantly high rate, and are able to provide
themselves:with all they want, and even more than
is good for them. The whole of the horse-breed-
ing West is open to furnish the means of transport,
Thousands of mechanics out of work are ready to
make carts and ambulance waggons, and all that
an invading force requires. Such is the new army
of the Potomac, and a more powerful one is seldom
seen even on an European stage.
On the other hand there are the Confederates,
of whom all that we know is derived from Northern
sources or comes to us from some chance traveller
who has escaped by a circuitous route from the
blockaded territory. If we take what their oppo-
nents say of them as true, they are the dupes or the
slaves of a bold faction, which alone prolongs the
war. Nothing is more constantly repeated than
that an Union majority exists in every seceded State
except South Carolina. Thus, of the six or seven
millions of Whites in the South, half must be
reckoaed as neutral, and the twenty millions of the
North are really bearded by only three millions of
traitors, who Pre, moreover, kept in constant fear
by four millions of Negroes. This feeble and
desperate faction is shut up in a country which can
neither 'obtain the materials of war nor the neces-
saries of every-day life from abroad. It wants
sult2;nur and lead, it wants tea and coffee and wine ;
se-cording to the Northern accounts, it wants even
wheat-flour and Woollen cloth. That it has little
:money everybody knows • and it has not the oppor-
tunity, even if it had the credit, to obtain a loan.
The material deficiencies of the South are notorious ;
if, then, its political state were such as is repre-
sented, the army it puts in the field must be most
contemptible. What is a minority of rowdies from
a few States of the Union against the national
Forces, supported by the good-will of every State
but one !

sought to put a stop to a contest which is lighting
up the fiercest passions of a people singularly irri-
table and vindictive.—limes.

THE PORT OF H'ULL.

Some very interesting. and import t facts con-
nected with Hull have just been prepared by Mr.
James Oldham, civil engineer, of Hull, who has
several times brought the port under the notice of
the country through the medium of papers read
before the British Association. He traces its his-
tory briefly from the time when Hull was founded
by Edward I, in 1296, and then refers to the com-
mencement of dock operations in 1767, when the
town was surrounded by military works and
ditches, with only the river Hull as a harbour for
vessels, and there being then only a population of
13,000 souls. The construction of the Junction, the
Humber, and the Prince's Dock form the next part
of his history—the period between the opening of
the Humber Dock in 1809 and the Prince's Dock
in 1829 producing the application of steam as a pro-
pellingp.ower to vessels, effecting such a revolution
in maritime affairs that its effects would not be
checked until every department had been affected
by it. Hull was the very first port to apply this
new and wonderful power, and it has gone on in-
creasingin importance in its river, coasting, and
foreign trade, requiring continually increased ac-
commodation for its splendid fleet of steamers and
other shipping. Messrs. Brownlow, Lumsden, and
Co., Messrs. C. W. Earle and Co., and Messrs. M.
Samuelson and Co. had within the last 10 or 12
years built no fewer than 124 large steamers, the
greater number of which were vessels of about
3,000 tons burden, and for strength and finish
scarcely to be excelled. Indeed, the capabilities of
Messrs. Earle and Messrs. Samuelson for steam-
ship building were very great, both having built
very large and powerful ships in a very short space
of time ; but he must say that for complete appli-
ances and extent of building ground there are few
establishments in Great Britain to be compared
with and better adapted for ship building pur-
poses than Messrs. Samuelson and Co's. Their
yard, consisting of nearly nine acres, had the ad-
vantage of two extensive river frontages, the one
to that of the river Hull of 900 feet and the
other to that of the Humber, of upwards of
800 feet. In addition to a vast amount of
machinery for ship-building, they have nearly
completed the construction of two powerful hydra-
lic slips, for the purpose of taking up ships of the
largest burden for repairs. There exist at the pre-
sent time, belonging to the Dock Company, 42a.
Ir. 15p. of dock water area, 63. 2r. 3p. tidal basins,
24a. wharfage area, and 16,450 lineal feet of quay-
age, or berths for ships. The New Western Dock,
for which an Act was obtained last session, will con-
tain 17 acres of water space, 4 acres 21 poles tidal
basins, 24 acres of wharfage, and 9,060 lineal feet of
quayage. The port will thus possess when the new
dock is completed 87f acres of dock and tidal water
space, 48 acres of wharfage, and 33,335 lineal feet
of quayage. The tonnage of the port in 1775
amounted to 109,491; in 1860, to I,2ls,2o3—show-
ing an increase of tonnage in 85 years of 1,105,712
tons, which being taken as a basis for the future,
Hull might with confidence anticipate an increase
in a more rapid ratio, and, instead of 87 acres of
dock space satisfying the growing demands of com-
merce, double that quantity would be required be.
fore the lapse of the next 85 years. When the port
was considered in reference to its situation, as con-
nected with all the great manufacturing towns of
England, its site on the grand old estuary of the
Humber, having full access to and from the sea
without obstruction at all times and states of tide,
its position in reference to all parts of Northern
Europe, what port—Mr. Oldham asks—could legi-
timately become its successful rival on the east coast
of England? When he (Mr. Oldham), in 1853,
made his first report to the British Association on
the rise and progress of steam navigation at Hull,
Hull had 21 seagoing and 23 river steamers. Now
the numbers were 66 seagoing and 25 river steamers.
There are also belonging to places on the waters of
the Humber, more or less but chiefly trading at
Hull, 26 steamers of different kinds, and about 20
to 23 steamships belonging to other English ports
and foreign States regularly trading to Hull, giv-
ing a total of about 140 in one way or other
using the port of Hull, while in 1853 the
total fleet of every class amounted to 81. Not-
withstanding the very many losses and changes
which had occurred since his report at Aberdeen
two years ago, he (Mr. Oldham) was enabled to
say that Hull never possessed so numerous and so
fine a fleet as at the present time,—a fleet which for
efficiency and seaworthiness might compare, ton-
nage for tonnage, with any other port. It was
not, however, the number of ships trading to the
port, but the tonnage which was the criterion as to
whether any advance had taken place. While in
1840 the gross tonnage of the port upon which
dues were paid amounted only to 652,508, in 1852
it had reached 799,866 ; but in 1860 it had attained
1,215,203; and while the actual steam tonnage in
1840 amounted only to 174,832, in 1852 it had
reached 305,021; and in 1860 it was found to be
603,328 ; having,:within a fraction, doubled within
eight years ; and what was still more remarkable
was that, although steam was fast taking the lead,
and had so wonderfully advanced, the sailing ship
tonnage had also, in a most astonishing rate, in-
creased ; for in 1840 this class of tonnage amounted
to 447,676 ; in 1852 to 494,845 ; and in 1860 to no
less than 611,875, the above figares relating only
to inward tonnage. The above facts not only justi-
fied the Dock Company in the steps they were now
taking to increase the dock accommodation of the
port, but should also cause them to prepare for still
further dock extension.

It seems to us that the theory of a divided South
must have been given up even by those Washington
-politicians who held to it with such tenacity. Else
why does not General M'Clellan, with his hundred
-thousand men, advance and disperse the rebels in
his front ? The truth is that gradually, but surely,
the conviction has come over his Government that
among the hills and woods of Virginia there is a
force not unequal to their own ; that this force,
though far from being well provided with the means
-of campaigning, is yet able to make a desperate
struggle for the positions it holds, and that the
capture of these positions will have but little effect
in reducing the country to obedience. While the
argument about the Union party in the South is
still repeated by the few advocates of the war who
remain in England, it has been allowed to die out
beyond the Atlantic. Such an army as General
Johnson commands in Virginia could not be sup-
ported ()swept by the efforts of the whole Confe-
derate people, and General M'Clellan shows his
consciousness of the enemy's strength when he
allows week after week to pass away in preparations
and reconnaissances. The autumn is over ; the
winter, which on the Potomac, is always very cold
or very wet, is at hand; and yet the Federal
army has not opened the campaign. These fine
troops, now far more fitted for war than any that
over fought against the British, are kept close
in their quarters, and if they advance will move
with the utmost slowness and caution. In the
meantime the Federals are pressed even in their
own capital. The Confederates have now closed
the Potomac by batteries, which, though they may,
it is said, be made untenable by shells from the
other side, have for the present stopped the sup•
plies for man and beast which were previously re-
ceived up the river. At various points in the long
carve which the Potomac makes the Southerners
were erecting their batteries, which seem to be too
formidable for the Federal vessels to attack.
But the event from which we can gain the best
insight into the course of the campaign is the severe
defeat which the Northerners suffered at Leesburg,
and which, if later rumours be true, was followed
by a still more important reverse a day or two after-
wards. The well-written narrative we gave of it was
taken from the New York Tribune, which cannot
be suspected of any favour towards the enemy, and
it may, therefore, be concluded that these facts are
sufficiently accurate. In this bloody encounter one
must 'readily admit that no disgrace attached to the
Northern troops, who seem to have done all that
can be expected of men. But the lesson should not
be lost on those who have been all their lives boast-
ing of the repulses which they have inflicted on
Mritishcolonies. The battle was the usual American
battle,such As has been fought in three great wars
and is now likely to determine the event
' 41crarth. In fact, the account we published yes-
terday night, with changed names and numbers
a in
almost accurately to the battle on the Monon:
which Braddock was defeated more than
a hundred
ram, of .Y\rilstsha. go, and which first brought the
Z who
Nvibitngto.n into notice. The pedantic
marched through his head full of the art of war,
half his
as if it were
I.,,inders, and had
behind trees,
force destroyed by
Sharpshooters from
trees, was but the
:forerunner of a Burgoyne and
arakenham, and now he has a successor M a
Federal commander.
One cannot read without pity
the
afate of these
7an across
fortunate men, broughtWhictro oad
rooriviedr
up a high bank, into " a field.
altogether some 12 or 15 acres. extended back
a very short distance, and was on three
sides bordered by thick woods."
A s knew
each
Of course, the
rebels were familiar with the ground, and‘
precisely where to direct their volleys." ,
new line was formed the rebel volleys would seem
to meet them and separate them, as if by lightning
strokes, into broken and scattered groups.' The
end was a perfect rout. 'The drowning of the men
attemptingin to recross the river was a dreadful
incident. Oat of 1,800 men the loss, according to
the official report, was 680. This battle is impor-
tent as Being, perhaps, the type of those to come.
What CO the Federals hope for in a country like
Virginia but a succession of Leesburgs, fought
against enemies strongly posted, and ending in de-
feats or dearly purchased victories almost as fatal
as defeats? The terror inspired by the excesses of
the Northern soldiers, which, bad enough in reality,
are immensely exaggerated by Southern report,
will make Virginians sell every mile of their coun-
try dearly, and leave nothing but a desert as they
retreat. The blood of the South has been thoroughly
'21:10 against the " invaders," and the way in which
Confederate soldiers " crowded the high bank
fugi
anQ
t ten an incessant fire into the scattering
aa a
" shows the*he were plunging into the Potomac ;
te
ducted. w,rtnera in which the war will be con-
content that the7l4o,rur Government and people be
e, az far au is in their power, I

IRISH ANECDOTES.

(From the North. :British Review.)

An Irishman thus describes his cold reception by
an old friend;—" I saw Pat Ryan t'other side of
the way. I thought it was Pat, and Pat thought it
was me ; and when I came up it was neither of us."
A lad was sent with a note, and a basket con-
taining some living partridges. On the way,
tempted by curiosity, he peeped into the basket,
when the partridges flew away. Much perplexed
was he; but after a little consideration he reclosed
the basket, went on his way, and delivered the let-
ter with his best bow. " Well, my lad," said the
gentleman on reading it, K I see there are some
live partridges in the letter." " Oh, by the powers,"
says Paddy, " I am glad of that, for they flew out
of the basket."

An English gentleman had an Irish servant,
whom he took as his attendant to a Highland
grouse-shooting. The expense of the sport to the
Englishman had been very great ; a large rent for
muir, new guns, and muniments of war on grouse,
high-bred dogs, a fashionable shooting costume, and
a countless number of incidental charges. Unfor-
tunately, the sportsman was less expert than extra-
vagant. Like a friend of our own, of whom we have
heard old Willie M— speak, " he was grand at
the shooting, bat no very guid at the killing ;" so,
after the first week of the war, as the master and
man were seated on a rock consoling themselves
under the fatigue and disappointment of unsuccessful
pursuit, the Englishman says, " well, Pat, this is
expensive work. I've been calculating that every
one of these birds cost me above £50." " Faith, your
honour," says Pat," throwing a dash of humour into
the sympathisinc, simplicity of his reply, " I'm sorry
for that, hut it's lucky there's no more of them."
A traveller in Ireland, having been inclined to
deny that the peasantry were humorous, was told
to ask any question at the first labouring man he
met on the road. Accordingly, on seeing a sturdy
fellow breaking stones,:he says, " Now, my man, if
the devil were to come here just now, whether would
he take you or me ?" "Me, to be sure," says the man,
"for he is certain of your honour at any time."
A poor old Irish cripple sat begging at a bridge,
urging his appeal to the charity of passengers with
the eager and versatile eloquence of his country—
a gentleman and lady—young, gay, and handsome,
with that peculiar look of gratified and complacent
consciousness which indicates the first few weeks of
married life—crossed the bridge. They regarded
not the petitions of the beggar ; so, just as they
passed him, he exclaimed, " May the blessing of the
Lord, which brings love, and joy, and wealth, and a
fine family, follow you all the days of your life ;" a
pause; the couple passed heedlessly on, and the beg-
gar, with a fine touch of caustic humour, added,
" and never overtake you."
Dean Ramsay tells us of a Scotsman whose ten-
der toe der
only acknowledgment
need, sir." stirro.dden on; the offender said, "I'm
your pardon; and the
was, " andl you've as muckle
To loubeg
nf gti
fh refused
charity,
guau:srue.
surliness and not muchr hulind
beggar who, on being
crutch on the toes o
his prayers moved not to
`when he said to the enraged Bless your honour ;
as your toes, you'd have given me the tenpenny."
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Coughs.—Alternating temperatures are now producing
these diseases in thousands of persons, Holloway's Pills
prevent any dangerous results from these symptoms; they
purify the blood, and so balance the circulation ti}at sub-
sequent risk is averted. Whether the chill indicate coming
p t. If the cough be
fever or merely catarrh, these excellentl. Pills will safely
and surely stave off either
expectoration these Pills willregu-
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safest and best expec-
torants are acknowledged to be the
the chronic cough often attending old age, Holloway's
dthyoetawhaghlere was
some
; they loosen and expel the viscid discharge, and j
lengthen th© breathing,

:~

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 9, 1861.

contracts as possible. There had been some delay
last year on account of the very wet weather and
the very high price of bricks, and they were wait-
ing to have decided the question of the Thames em-
bankment. That delayed them for some time, but,
as far as he knew, that was now settled, but before
they could commence the western division of the
main drainage they must have in readiness to re-
ceive it the pumping engines at Plumstead marshes.
That must all be done before they could afford any
relief to the southern side of the Thames. These
matters had been urged frequently with regard to
two contracts, but he did not think, however
desirous he was to press them forward, that they
could be put in hand before the month of April.
Mr. STEVENS hoped that when the Main Drain •
age Committee should have the matter before them
Mr. Bazalgette would attend, as he always did, and
point out what portion of the works at Fulham the
gentlemen then before them could carry out, so that
they might have something before them, and what
works of a local nature could be proceeded with
before the main drainage works were commenced.

The matter was then referred to the Main
Drainage Committee.

SERVANTS OF THE BOARD.

A report was brought up from the Finance Com.
mittee, recommending
.that the salary of George
Edward Boggis and wife, housekeeper, do remain
at its present amount—viz., £lOO per annum ; that
their annual allowance of £5O for providing two
servants, be increased to £80; that they be also
allowed such further assistance, from time to time,
as the Chairman may approve, and that the order
of Feb. 5, 1858 (No. 21), in relation to the subject
be so far varied as to admit of such increase.

The motion was put and agreed to.
The rest of the business was of a routine cha-
racter, and the Board adjourned.

THE GREAT SHIP COMPANY.

A meeting of this company was held yesterday
at the London Tavern, Mr. S. Baker in the chair.

The Secretary read the report, which explained
that at the last meeting the proprietors were fully
informed as to the affairs of the company up to the
31st of May last. It stated that a loan of £35,000
in debenture bonds, secured by mortgage on the
ship, was subscribed, and the previous mortgages
and other liens on the ship were paid off. The
Great Eastern was at that time on her voyage from
New York to Liverpool. She arrived there on June 3.
Altogether that voyage was somewhat experimental
in a commercial sense, and attended with loss; yet
the result was more satisfactory than had been an-
ticipated. On June 10 last the directors made an
arrangement with her Majesty's Government to
carry troops, horses, and stores to Quebec. The cost
of the fittings was large, and the time for prepara-
tion limited, but the ship sailed on the appointed
day, and performed the service to the entire satis-
faction of the Government, her ample space between
decks and excellent means of ventilation affording
accommodation and comfort unequalled as a
transport ship. The agent for the Admiralty
estimated her capacity for carrying safely
and well 2,000 horses and 6,000 men. A
good freight of passengers and cargo was obtained
on the homeward voyage, and it had yielded a sa-
tisfactory return. The experience of those voyages
determined the directors to place her on the trade be-
twten Liverpool and New York. She sailed from
Liverpool on the 10th of September, with 404 pas-
sengers and some cargo. That, and the prospects of
a large return freight from New York, promised
very satisfactory results. Those expectations were
frustrated by the lamentable disaster of the 12th of
September, during a terrific gale, when, in conse-
quence of an unseen defect in the welding, the
rudder-head gave way, and caused the ship to fall
into the trough of the sea. The after stern-post
was broken off, and the paddlewheels were carried
away ; the ship thereby became unmanageable, and
was compelled to put back to Queenstown. She
now lies at Milford Haven, preparing to be placed
on the gridiron, to repair the rudder and paddle-
wheels. The cost of that accident, including every-
thing, was estimated at no less than £25,000. The
assets of the company would, it was expected, suffice
to defray all but repairs to the rudder and paddles
and renewals in cabins, estimated at £B,OOO. To
provide for those and for outfit, wages, and other
expenses of another voyage, and for the necessary
floating capital to carry on the business of the com-
pany, the directors were of opinion that £25,000
should be raised on debentures paying interest at
the rate of 10 per cent. per annum, covered by a
second mortgage of the ship. They bad determined
toissue the debentures for 12 months on the terms
mentioned in a resolution agreed to by the large
shareholders, and contained in a circular addressed
I to each proprietor, and £15,810 of that amount

had been subscribed, leaving a balance of £9,190 to
be raised. The report of Mr. Brereton, the engi-
neer, stated that the arms of both paddlewheels
were broken off short at the bosses, and the rims
and floats were entirely carried away. The paddle-
shaft and engines had sustained no damage. The
after sternpost had been twisted off by the play
of the rudder-blade, which was uncontrolled after
the rudder-head had parted and the permanent
chains had been carried away. The after stern-
post did not form part of the ship's hull being
placed entirely behind the screw. The rudder-head
had parted by the 10-inch shaft being twisted off
on the first deck, immediately above the cap of the
cannon-ball bearings, which carried the weight of
the rudder, and immediately below the second or
preventer tiller and steering gear, the fracture being
improperly welded, so that probably it might have
given way without any very extraordinary heavy
strain upon it. After describing when and how
the accident happened on the 12th of September
last, he stated that he estimated the cost of replac-
ing the 10-inch shaft with one of 12 inches would
cost £5OO for the sternpost, £5OO for the rudder-
head, and £6,000 for the paddles, making together
£7,000.
The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the
report, said he hoped the shareholders would put
their shoulders to the wheel, and enable the direc-
tors to repair the damage and send the ship to sea
again. There had been a variety of reports respect-
ing the management of the company, and attribut-
ing blame to the directors and ethers. The direc-
tors had abstained from answering any of those
public or private allegations until they met the
shareholders. He then adverted to certain reports
and allegations that had heen made with a view to
show that the directors had done their duty to the
best of their ability. They had selected the best
men they could get for the various departments.
Whenever anything happened to their ship great
prominence was given to it, while similar mishaps
to other large vessels passed almost unnoticed, as
in the Cunard and other steam companies' lines.
He then read accounts of the manner in which some
of the great ships in the Channel Fleet suffered
during the gale, and contended that every account
tended to show the strength, superiority, and safety
of the Great Eastern in resisting the effects of the
storm. Taking all those considerations into account
he thought she was a wonderful ship, and there was
a probability that such an event as the last would
never occur again. They should divest their minds
of any impression as to the ship not being lucky ; they
had great difficulties to overcome, and it only re-
quired perseverance to surmount every obstacle.
They had a good property, and, at all events, the
holders of the preference shares had good security.
The directors had recently been offered £150,000
for the ship, but they refused it, believing it to be
worth much more. The first and second mortgages
of £60,000, including the proposed £25,000 would
be amply covered by even the present offer of
£150,000 for the ship.
Captain CARNEGIE seconded the motion for the
adoption of the report.
A long discussion ensued on the management of
the ship, and respecting other matters of a personal
nature, chiefly as to the qualifications of the various
officers, in which Captain Austin, Mr. Taylor, the
Rev. Mr. Nicholson, and other proprietors took
part.
The CHAIRMAN stated that a strict inquiry would
take place as to the cause of the accident, but that
inquiry had been delayed for the purpose of protect-
ing the interests of the shareholders. No part of the
proposed £25,000 second mortgage would be taken
to pay interest on the first mortgage of £35,000. '
Mr. SCOTT RUSSELL thought they should leave
the inquiry in the hands of the directors. He be-
lieved they were devoted to the interests of the
company. There were many erroneous notions with
regard to the capabilities of the ship. She was de-
signed to trade between England and Australia, and
when it was considered that the fastest ships took
60 days to make the voyage to Australia, and that
their great ship would perform the distance in 40
days, he thought they should immediately direct
their attention to putting her on that line, which
would pay them handsomely. If they had only half
a cargo of goods and half the number of passengers
they could accommodate, they would make an im-
mense profit. He then contrasted the strength of
the ship with that of the ordinary vessels in having
successfully resisted the usual effects of rolling help.
lessly in the trough of the sea for two or three days
without springing a leak or starting a rivet. That
was a proof of the excellence of their ship. He then
explained that the rudder head had been made so
as to give way before the rudder; otherwise, he
contended that the rudder would have been forced
off, and perhaps part of their ship carried away
with it. If the paddlewheels were made stronger,
and had not given way, the probability would have
been that the main shafts would have broken. He
hoped they would cordially support the directors,
and enable them to place the ship on a money-