The Sun.
London, England, 1859-05-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESTIOAY EVENING, MAY 11, 1859,

better, if- he can, next time. But for a gentleman
who once professed himself to be a Liberal, but who
now, for some reasons best known to himself, takes
the name of Liberal-Conservative, in order to
turn out the ABDIEL of the Ballot battle of last
session by bribery, is rather more than we ought
to sit down by patiently. We know nothing per-
sonally of Dr. MICHEL. All our acquaintance with
him is through the pages of DOD, and would be,
we suppose, if he were twenty years in Parliament.
Mr. WYLD has at least work to show. When old
leaders relented to the cry of " pity the embarrassed
Whigs," he gave his pity to coerced and fettered
electors. The result has proved that he was right.
Lord JOHN caused a dissolution on an issue which has
awakened no enthusiasm ; and he sees already half
his majority lost ; in fact, one counting in divisions
as two, the whole is gone. Had that determined
autocrat but heartily adopted Mr. WYLD'S amend•
merit he must, sooner or later, have had the whole
country with him. As things stand we see no
reason why Mr. DISRAELI should not adopt Lord
JOHN'S £6 franchise, and then Lord JOIIN and the
Whigs may take a long farewell of office.

that she is competent to manage public affairs a't a
period of extraordinary difficulty, althoclgh " ' cog-
nisance" is to be given to " Uncle SEROMF.,,f7 the
Presidents of the great bodies of the State, the
Members of the Privy Council, and the Ministers.
Were it NAPOLEON 1., in place of NAroLto:., ; 111.,
matters might be very different. The forvier was
educated from his boyhood as a soldier. He was,
if not the most brilliant, certainly one of the
greatest generals the world ever saw. His ex.tra-
ordinary triumphs not only flattered the national
vanity, but procured the support of the people in
the most important forms—that of men and money.
He also generally contrived to make the enemy
pay the expenses of the wars in which he was
engaged, and thus avoided the main difficulty—for
the pocket is the most sensitive point on which a
nation or an individual could possibly be assailed.
The system of hostilities, too, has been mate-
rially altered. Science is now greater than mere
brute force. The materiel is even more important
than the personnel of war. Matters may be more
speedily decided, but it will be at a much heavier
outlay. A dozen leading capitalists seated in a
small room can decide whether it is to be carried
on, or terminated. Austria is almost in a bankrupt
condition; she wants twenty millions sterling,while
France presents a little bill for precisely the same
amount. These are not very auspicious omens at the
commencement of what may be a sanguinary, expen-
sive, and protracted contest. We believe that the
English Government will observe perfect neutrality.
and not interfere on either side. We trust that
English capitalists may observe a similar course,
and that they may not advance their money on in-
vestments, the value whereof will probably be
greatly deteriorated ere many months have elapsed.
Although, as we have already stated, the Austrians
have fallen back and withdrawn from the positions
they had previously occupied, it must not be sup-
posed that they are conquered. They have
powerful fortresses, which they will . pro-
bably defend with all their power. They are
also thoroughly acquainted with the country, know
every stragetical position, and, although they may
be disturbed with revolutions, or emeutes, in the
Italian States, may prove themselves very stubborn
customers when the day of trial has arrived. War
s, however, an expensive luxury, and it is probable
that the Ministers of Finance will have greater
nfluence in restoring peace than the million of
:roops engaged by the conflicting Powers.

A day or two since the writer of the City
article in the Times issued his opinion on the

suspension of specie payments on the continent.
The Times appears lately to have got a little light on
the subject of currency, and hence various statements

which it now puts forth very sententiously " to
dispel all mystery on the matter," are mere

truisms which have been known to Currency Re

orrners for the last half century.

Thus it gravely informs its readers that a sus-
pension of specie payments " is merely a matter of

external arrangement, and can never in the
smallest degree affect the internal intercourse of one
nation with another. There can be no such thing
as a suspension of payment in the foreign trade of
any country. If the Sardinian Government de-

sire at this moment to buy a certain quantity of
iron in the London market, they must pay for ii
just in the same manner as heretofore. We do not

make the contract for notes of the Bank of Turin,
but for a specified amount of gold, or its equiva-
lent, to be handed to us here." All this is true
enough, and just amounts to this, that the trade
between nations is in reality barter. If I go to
Turin and want to sell my goods, I may be paid in
paper of the Bank of Turin ; but that paper is of
no use to me in England, and therefore, before I

part with what I have to sell, I calculate exactly
what amount of the goods which I wish to obtain
I can get for these Turin notes, or what amount of
gold I can get for the notes, and I charge such a
price for my goods on the notes of the Bank of
Turin as will enable me to buy goods or gold of
the value of the commodities I wish to dispose of.

BODMIN is the first borough which has placed
its delinquency on legal record in the election of
1859. We would not condemn any man before he
has had a fair trial by a jury of his countrymen ;
yet, unless the facts sworn to in the magisterial in-
vestigation we published on Monday can be denied,
it cannot be doubted that bribery at a pretty hand-
some rate was practised in the little borough. It
does not appear that THOMAS CHAPMAN'S evidence
was impugned, or an attempt even made to impugn
it in any material point; with the reserve, there-
fore, of suspense as to what may come out at the
forthcoming trial we take the uncontradicted evi-
dence as true, and we must add that we cannot
think it likely it will be in the least shaken.
We all remember the devices of 1852 ; the veiled
ladies, W. B.'s good and safe man with his myste-
rious room, the coloured tickets, the money left in
beds—and so forth. But bribery is the mother of
invention, and ever new ways must be devised to
compass old ends. The Bribery campaign opens
at Bodmin with a novel device. The purchaser of
a vote now does it by the offer of a loan ; a loan, in
this case, of £lO to an elector who it is supposed
will not object to that loan being converted into a
gift. But two things are desirable in bribing ; one
that the bribe-taker should not receive the money,
and then decline to vote, or vote for the wrong
man, or take a larger bribe from the opposing
candidate, and then jilt one, or both, according to
his fancy ;—the other, that he should not be able,
if inquiry should be made by the " grand inquest
of the nation" to prove his seducer guilty of

When we were so fortunate in England as to
have a Finance Minister who understood the right
use of paper money, and we had inconvertible notes,
the foreigner traded with us in the same way. He
brought his goods to England, and with them
brought such an amount of bank notes as would
enable him to purchase the goods or the gold which
he considered a fair equivalent for the goods which
he sold. Let us hope that no reader of the Times
will ever again inquire how we can carry on our
foreign trade with inconvertible notes.
But here the intelligent knowledge of currency

on the part of the Times' writer stops. He begins
to say that " a suspension of specie payments by
any individual State is but a rough way of confis-
cating the property of certain classes of its inhabi-
tants, and throwing additional taxation upon all."
And what, he asks, " can be the inducement" to a

nation to have inconvertible notes ? " Nothing
but to evade its debts at the expense of certain
classes, instead of resorting to open taxation levied
fairly upon all." And he proceeds to affirm—for
he offers no proof of what he says—" that the sus-
pension of specie payments to the fundowner, the
annuitant, the officeholder, and all to whom the
State are bound to make fixed payments, is an
announcement that 10, 20, or 50 per cent. (accord-
ing to the extent of depression of the inconvertible
notes as compared with 'specie) will in future be
impounded. It is therefore confiscation, and no-
thing else."
Here the Times' writer becomes extremely
muddy in his ideas about currency. First, he tells
us that " additional taxation is to be thrown upon
all," and then that the supposed benefit is to
arise by the " confiscation" of a portion of the pay-
ments due to certain classes.
We will endeavour to explain the real action of
inconvertible paper money receivable for taxes.
We must first remind the Times' writer that there
are other classes besides the fundholder, the annui-
tant, and the officeholder. There is the great pro-
ducing class of the country. The fundholder, the
annuitant, and the officeholder are not to be treated
with injustice. But their interests are certainly
not alone to be consulted. The bees must be
thought of as well as the drones of the hire. The
great mass of the people, the manufacturers, the
farmers, the six millions of working men are to be
considered in a monetary system as well as the
fundholder, the annuitant, and the officeholder.
The Jimes' writer puts the case as one in which
it is necessary to raise additional taxes. Who
ought fairly to pay these taxes ? We reply, the
consumer. The farmer, the manufacturer, the poor
man, as well as the fundholder, the annuitant, and
the officeholder, as they each and all derive ad-
vantage and protection from the national expendi-
ture, should, in just proportions, contribute to it.
Now, this can only be the case when additional
taxes are imposed, with an expansive currency for
internal use. As taxes are imposed, the producer
ought to be enabled to recover from the consumer
the fair amount of taxation which the consumer
owes to the State. This requires an expansive
currency. For, if the State take away from the
producer, in the shape of a tax, a certain amount of
the work of his hands, he must charge a higher price
to hi; customer, the consumer, to enable him to get
the tax back. But you cannot have high prices
without an increased amount of money. The auan-
tity of commodities manufactured remaining the
samerin order that a higher price may be obtained
for them, the quantity of money must be increased.
This is not a theory. It was reduced to practice in
this country between 1797 and 1815. As new
taxes were then imposed, the circulating
medium was allowed to expand, the producer got
a fair remunerative price for his goods, and the
consumer, whether rich man or poor, the fundholder,
the annuitant, the officeholder, the farmer, the
tradesman, and the operative paid his contribution
to the general fund of taxation.
We said that an expansive currency for internal
use was necessary. An inconvertible paper money,
receivable for taxes, supplies this expansive cur-
rency for internal use. One very great advantage
of having a paper currency is that it is not liable to
be expended, withdrawn, or hoarded. At a time of
war, for example, when gold and sayer go abroad
to pay soldiers, a paper currency remains safe at
home, and with it we carry on our domestic trade.
We say, then, that an inconvertible paper cur-
, rency, receivable for taxes, is a fair, open, honest
L system ; and that it particularly preserves the pro-
, ducing class, the working man—and we include the
, man who was with his head as well as the man
_ _

bribery.
At Bodmin it seems to have been attempted to
compass both these ends by taking a note of hand
for a loan of the amount required to convince the
voter of the superlative merits of a favourite can-
didate. If he did not vote as expected, of course,
the note of hand could be pressed against him.
He had been ungrateful for pecuniary aid, and he
must pay the penalty for ingratitude. If he voted
aright, then " word and honour"—for a briber may
be an honourable man—are pledged that the note
of hand shall be given up as soon as the election is
over. Moreover, we presume, not being, we must
acknowledge, profound in the mysteries of Whig
and Tory bribery acts, that the existence of the
note of hand, pending the hazard of investigation
before a Parliamentary Committee, would be urged
in proof that there was no serious bribing—that
the money was, in fact, but a legal debt, and could
not be regarded as the purchase of a vote.
Now, THOMAS CHAP3IAN, of Halgover, within
the borough of Bodmin, when applied to by the
public-spirited gentleman who, with £lO loans in
his 'pocket, canvassed for Dr. MicHEL, seems to
have been wide awake; he, THOMAS CHAPMAN,
had taken counsel, it seems, with a Mr. PEARCE, a
solicitor learned in election law, and in all the law
a solicitor ought to know, as we doubt not ; and
when the generous offer of a £lO loan for a note
of hand was made him, he objected to such a mode
of transacting business ; after a conversation or
two, electoral prospects, perhaps, not being very
bright, it seems to have been thought neces-
sary to waive the demand, for a note of hand ;
CHAPMAN is told, " Now, I want to bind you to
secrecy, which you are not to divulge to any one,
not even to your wife !" To which the cautious
CHAPMANI replied, " it won't do to tell the women
everything that is done." But the imputation on
Mrs. CHAPMAN'S capacity for keeping a secret was
speedily avenged. Mr. CHAPMAN is taken into a
darker part of the room, a paper is put into his
hands, he is requested to leave by the back door,
and it turns out that the paper contained two five
pound notes ! and, as he had not been cautioned
against telling the secret to a lawyer, straight goes
the man who was not to tell his wife, and puts the
notes into the hands of Mr. WILD'S professional
adviser, Mr. PEARCE.
We believe that, thus far, the facts are not dis-
puted. THOMAS CHAPMAN was, in truth, not the
proper man to practise on ; he " did not like to take
the money at all when it was first mentioned to
him, and would not have done it if he had not been
advised by Mr. PEARCE." An attempt was made to
get a summons against him for taking the money ;
but the magistrates very properly refused to grant
it, the absence of corrupt motive being so obvious.
Dr. who, of course, knew nothing about
what his generous agent was doing, and the too
devoted agent,' in truth, had caught a Tartar ; and
unless appearances become very different before a
jury, and before a committee of the House of Com-
mons, the one will incur the penalties of bribery
and the other be unseated on petition.
That Mr.WILD may thus be enabled speedily to
contest Bodmin again, and contest it successfully,
we can but wish. Had be seen unseated
by fair means, why he, like all Englishmen,
must take his defeat manfully, And fight

who works with his hands—from being sacrificed
to the moneyed man, to the fandholder, the annui-
tant, and the officeholder. It is true, indeed, that
as prices rise—and if taxes are imposed they ought,
as we have said, to rise—the man of fixed income
finds that his income will not purchase so many
luxuries or comforts as it did. But he obtains his
advantage in being a participator in the nation's secu-
rity and prosperity, and the moment he ceases to be
idle and becomes a worker he gets a better price
for his talent than he before did. Officeholders of
all classes had their incomes raised on the war be-
tween 1797 and 1815.

It was this system of inconvertible paper cur-
rency which enabled England, to the astonishment
of all Europe, to maintain its armies abroad, and to
make rapid improvements in agriculture, trade, and
social comfort at home, during the period to which
we have referred. " England," says the Times'
writer, " alone came out of the great war without
a stain." Her paper money enabled her to do so.
PEEL'S "ignorant and suicidal" bill of 1819 brought
ruin upon half the nation, impeded progress, created
discontent and disaffection, and fostered crime. A
portion, indeed, of PEEL'S system remained to in-
vigorate the nation. PEEL dared not attempt to
take away our paper currency altogether. But his
bills of 1819 and 1844 crippled and debased it ; and
the consequence is that every few years, since the
passing of these atrocious bills, our monetary sys-
tem breaks down, we are exposed to the contempt of
the civilised world, thousands of rich men are
ruined, and millions Of the poor are reduced to the
verge of starvation, while the Usurer and the Hard
Calculator " impound " 10, 20, or 50 per cent. of

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, MAY 10.
The Emperor and Prince Napoleon left Paris to-
day at six o'clock p.m.
An enormous crowd was collected in the Rue
Rivoli, and his Majesty was cheered enthusiasti-
cally.

Numerous persons belonging to the Court, and
others on a footing of intimacy with his Majesty,
awaited the arrival of their Imperial Highnesses at
the Lyons Railway station.
The Empress accompanies the Emperor as far as
Montereau.

BERNE, MAY 10.

The outbreak of a revolution in the Valteline is
feared. The inhabitants are buying ammunition.
The Austrians are advancing towards Jorea.
A reconnoitring party, sent out in the direction
of Casale, has been driven back by the Pied-
montese.

MADRID, MAY 10.
The report that Government intends sending
troops to the Balearic islands is denied.
It is asserted that the Prince of Wales is ex-
pected at Madrid.

VIENNA, MAY 10.
OFFICIAL BULLETIN.

The Austrian army has taken up its position
between the Po and the Sesia, to await better
weather before renewing offensive measures.
Our troops have destroyed the railway bridge at
Valenza.

the hard earnings of the industrious classes by
PEEL'S system of LEGAL CONFISCATION.

The Count de Chambord has taken his depar.

,ure for Prague.

TURIN, MAY 10.
OFFICIAL BULLETIN,

The Austrians withdrew yesterday from Tronzano
along the road to Vercelli, to which town they were
going with a force of 8,000 men and 26 pieces of
artillery. An ineffectual attempt was made to
construct a bridge over the Po. Several carts
carrying wounded Austrians have returned to
Gravellona, where the enemy continue their defen-
sive works.

TURIN, MAY 10.
The following official bulletin was published to•

day :

The enemy have evacuated Livorna, Tronzano,
Santhia, Cavaglia, Saluzzola, and Vercelli, and
have recrossed the Sesia in great haste, leaving part
of the levies of forage, &c., which they had de-
manded behind them. Yesterday a strong Austrian
column with four generals was at Stropiana. This
morning they withdrew hastily from Carasano and
Stropiana.

FLORENCE, MAY 10.
The new Ministry has been formed. The fol-
lowing are its members :
M. Buon-Compagine, President of the Council
and Minister for Foreign Affairs ; Baron Ricasoli,
Minister of the Interior ; Marquis Ridoffi, Minister
for Public Instruction ; Counsellor Paggi, Minister
of Justice ; M. Busacca, Finance Minister ; and M.
Caminatti, a Piedmontese colonel, War Minister.

BERNE, MAY 10,

According to advices from the frontiers of Lom-
bardy the inhabitants of the Valteline are making
great purchases of arms and ammunition. A re-
volution appears imminent. The Austrians are
making heavy demands. General Cialdini has
captured both cattle and forage belonging to the
Austrians.

BERLIN, MAY 10.

The sulemn funeral procession of Alexander von
Humboldt is now on its way to the Cathedral.
All that which represents science, art, and intelli-
gence in Berlin joins in the procession. Three
chamberlains in gold costume, bearing the orders
of the illustrious deceased, precede the funeral car,
which is drawn by six horses from the Royal
stable. Upon the car is a simple uncovered coffin
of oak adorned with flowers and laurel. On either
side of the car are the students bearing green palm
branches.

A line of carriages of immense length closes the
procession. The Prince Regent, together with all
the Princes and Princesses, are assembled in the
Cathedral, awaiting the arrival of the great philo-
sopher's mortal remains. A mournful aspect over-
spreads the whole town.

PARIS, MAY 11.
The Moniteur of this morning contains the fo'

lowing :
Count Persigny is appointed ambassador of the
Emperor at the English Court.
The Moniteur also contains the following tele•
gram:—

ROME, May 9.—The Austrians have declared
Ancona and its territory in a state of siege. The
Roman Government has sent word to Vienna by
telegraph that in case the state of siege be not
raised, the Pope will solmnly protest against it,
and will withdraw all the Papal authorities.

ROME, MAY 10.

The state of siege at Ancona has been suspended,
and the lighthouse is again lit, in consequence of
the energetic remonstrances of the French Ambas-
sador against a violation of neutrality.
Austria has promised not to enter Tuscany
through the Pontifical States.

FRANCE.

PARIS, TUESDAY,

Paris to-day presented a scene of animation
which belongs alone to large cities and great events.
The Emperor was to leave the Tuileries at six
o'clock to head the army of Italy. A Bonaparte
was once more turning his back on Paris to join
the imperial eagles on the plains of Italy. This
day will be memorable in the modern history of
Europe, for great events must follow. The people
of Paris seemed to feel the occasion, for they flocked
from all quarters of the city at an early hour and
took up positions all along the Rue di Rivoli up
to the Lyons .Railway station. Every window
was crowded with spectators, whilst the path-
ways on either side presented one dense mass of
human beings so closely packed as to prevent the
possibility of circulation. Before the departure of
the Emperor took place, several carriages passed
over the Rue di Rivoli with the ladies and friends
of officers attached to the Emperor's staff and house-
hold. They all drove on to the railway terminus,
there to bid farewell to those nearest and dearest to
them. Prince Jerome and all the members of the
imperial family, the Ministers of State, and many
personal and particular friends of his Majesty, prc-
ceeded to the Tuileries, about four o'clock, to bid
farewell to the Emperor and console the Empress.
His Majesty observed his usual calm and confi-
dential aspect, saying a kind word to all who
approached him. The little prince was amongst
the group which surrounded the Emperor and
Empress, and appeared remarkably amused and
childishly delighted with the bustling scene.
There were about two hundred persons permit-
ted to approach their Majesties on this occasion.
Exactly at half-past five o'clock the Emperor
mounted a magnificent charger at the foot of the
grand staircase of the Tuileries, dressed in the

uniform of a General of Division, and wearing the the enemy. The powers of the Royal Commissary
cordon of the Legion of Honour. His Majesty M. Tecchio, are also extended to the province of
was preceded by the hundred guards as he rode on, Ivrea."
" 'i i
then came a few cavalry of the line, and then a No. Ith.—:STAY Evening.—Yesterday,
the Austrians suddenly evacuated Voghera, leaving
carriage containing the Empress, and a second behind the provisions they had exacted. Ponte-
vehicle with the ladies in waiting ~ Long live the curone is also free. The wooden bridge on the
Emperor !" "Long live Italy !" burst from the lips Scrivia, near Tortona, has already been repaired
of thousands of well-dressed persons, and I heard by our troops. The enemy, in recrossing the Po at
Gerola, used the bridge they had built and which
the same shouts echoed faintly long after the glit-
they have since destroyed. Nothing new from
tering procession had passed out of sight. The Valenza and Bassignana. A few cavalry soldiers
crowd was most enthusiastic. of the enemy have this day made their appearance
The Cuirassiers of the Imperial Guard, quartered at Santhia. It appears from trustworthy accounts
at St. Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, are under that the Austrians continue their intention of for-
tify
Admiral Jurien de Lagraviere proceeds with two ing themselves on the Sesia near the bridge of
orders tomorrow to join the army at Lyons.
Vercelli, in consequence of which they have pressed
900 workmen into tin I: service, ha'f of whom work
ships of the line and four large frigates to the by day and the other half by night."
Adriatic, with a view to the absolute blockade of "No. 18.—MAY Bth, Morning.—me day before
Venice, and it is said the blockade of Trieste, so far yesterday Gen. Cialdini made a reconnaissance in
as Austrian vessels are concerned. the direction of Vercelli, the result of which we
d
Prince Napoleon's staff will quit Paris on the do not yet know. Our light infantry have made
some prisoners in the neighbourhood of Sale. The
15th for Toulon. The detached corps to be com-
shameful exactions of the Austrians still continue ;
manded by the Prince, and which is said to be for they carry on this war more as robbers than as sol-
, perhaps, diers. At Vercelli, in addition to 300,000 fr., they
the object of revolutionising Italy, will
land at Leghorn. have insisted on having all the leather in the place,
The Moniteur publishes the following imperial
6,000 shirts, linen for an equal quantity, 100 ra-
tions of provender daily for five days, and 300 sacks
decree, conferring the Regency on the Empress of rice. At Biella, one Enrico Dossena, of Pavia, a
during his Majesty's absence with the army:— spy of the enemy, has been shot after being tried
" Napoleon, by court-martial, and unanimously condemned."
"By the grace of God and the national will The Piedmontese Gazette of the Bth contains
Emperor of the French, to all to whom these pre- several decrees issued by Prince Eugene of Savoy,
sents may concern, greeting ; lieutenant of the kingdom. By the first, no pre-
" Wishing to give to our well-beloved consort,
scription of time, however stipulated, shall have
thd Empress, marks of the high confidence which
we place in her; the effect during the war of depriving any person
" And as we are determined to place ourself at .connected with the army of any right he might
the head of the army of Italy, we have resolved to possess ; nevertheless, appeals and other matters of
confer, as we do hereby confer, on the Empress the legal procedure are to continue to be effected as
title of Regent, for the purpose of her exercising
usual. After the termination of the war, the periods
the functions of the office during our absence, in
conformity with our instructions and our orders, agreed upon shall return into force, but no
such as we shall have made them known in the period can be shorter than two months. By
general order of the service which we shall have another decree the copper money of France may
established, and which will be transcribed on the be received in Piedmont during the war, and is .
State Register : to be considered a legal tender to an amount not
" We decide that the said orders and instructions
exceeding one franc. A third decree authorises
shall be made known to our uncle, Prince Jerome ;
to the Presidents of the great bodies of the State ; students to continue their studies privately during
to the members of the Privy Council ; and to our the suspension of University lectures, so as to pre-
Ministers ; and that in no case can the Empress sent themselves for degrees as if they had followed
depart from their tenour in the exercise of the the regular course.
functions of Regent; The Piedmontese Gazette replies to the com-
e Furthermore, it is our will, that the Empress
plaints of the itlessaggere di Modena which we
shall preside in our name over the Privy Council
gave yesterday, that it has been stated in Bulletin
and the Council of Ministers. It is not, however,
N 0.., 3 of the war that the Kin.. of Sardinia con-
our intention, that the Empress Regent shall au-
skiers himself at war with Modena, first because
thorise, by her signature, the promulgation of any
the Duke maintains the military treaties with
Senatus-Consultum, or of any law of the State, other
Austria, and secondly, because he allows Austrian
than those which are now pending before the Senate,
troops to pass through his territory, thus enabling
the Legislative Body, and the Council of State,
them to attack the Piedmontese territory.
referring in this respect to the orders and instruc-
tions above mentioned; A letter from Genoa of the 6th, in the Siecle,
" We command our Minister of State to com-
says :
municate these present letters patent to the Senate, " The great movement of troops between Toulon
which will cause them to be transcribed on its and Genoa has ceased during the last two days ;
registers, and to our Keeper of the Seals, to have 65,000 French have disembarked at Genoa, and the
them published in the Bulletin des Lois. number who have arrived in Piedmont by Susa is
" Given at the Palace of the Tuileries this 3d day estimated at 35,000. We are expecting every
of May, 1859. " NAPOLEON. moment 4,000 or 5,000 cavalry from France, so
" Countersigned, ACHILLE FOULD, that the French will have a good effective force
" Minister of State." to put in line against the Austrians. It must
The official journal also publishes a second decree, not be forgotten that, without counting the
conferring on Prince Jerome, in the absence of the Italian volunteers of all countries, there are
80,000 Piedmontese, perfectly disciplined, and de-
Empress-Regent, the presidentship of the Privy j sirous to combat by the side of our soldiers, and
Council and of the Council of Ministers : that of these 80,000 one-half at least have been
" Napoleon, under fire. Genoa ought to bless the arrival of
"By the grace of God and the national will our troops. The officers who were obliged to
Emperor of the French, to all who shall see these leave France suddenly were not able to procure
presents, greeting: for themselves all the objects necessary for a
"At the moment of leaving, to take the com- campaign, and it is at Genoa that they purchase
mand of the army of Italy, we have, by our letters everything, cloaks, tents, trunks, &c. It is also at
patent of this day, confided the Regency to our Genoa that mules, vehicles, and carts are bought.
well beloved consort, the Empress, and we have The first named have been brought from a distance
regulated for the period of our absence the order of 15 leagues, and have been sold for as much as
of the service by an act inserted in the State Regis- 500 f. each. The environs have supplied oxen and
ter, and made known to our uncle Prince Jerome, sheep ; whilst the soldiers of Giulay, who, as that
to the members of the Privy Council, to the Coun- general states, have come to deliver Piedmont from
cil of Ministers, and to the Presidents of the the parties that oppress her, exacted on crossing
Senate, Legislative Body, and Council of State. the Ticino 200,000 rations, and imposed extraordi-
" Wishing to give our uncle, Prince Jerome, nary contributions. The French army has paid
marks of the high confidence which we place in ready money for everything, and has disbursed in
him, and to facilitate to our well-beloved consort, Genoa alone several millions. A Milanese who haS
by the co-operation of his intelligence, his expe- arrived here informs me that the Austrian generals
rience, and his devotedness to our person, the ac. carefully disguise from their soldiers that France
complishment of her mission, we have decided, and has intervened in favour of Piedmont, telling them
we do hereby decide, that the Empress-Regent shall that they will only have to combat the Piedmen-
take the advice of the Prince our uncle on the reso- tese army, and that the French troops will remain
lutions and decrees which shall be submitted to behind the Alps."
her ;we have, moreover, conferred on him, as we "We have received," says the Nord, " &eel,
do confer on him by these presents, the right of Naples and Palermo some rather interesting inter'
presiding. in the absence of the Empress-Regent, ligence respecting the actual state of things in
over the Privy Council and the Council of Mini- these cities. In spite of the efforts of the Govern-,
sters. ment to keep the public in absolute ignorance eL
" Given at the Palace of the Tuileries, the 3d what is passing in other countries, the news of the
day of May, 1859. "NAPOLEON. war in the north of Italy had reached Sicily, and
" Countersigned, ACIIILLE FOULD." there, as everywhere else, crowds of young, men
The Moniteur says :—" During the time that were eager to join the defenders of Italian nuke.:
ve
the Emperor will remain with the army his private pendence,
and
r.e. were finding means to embark, i•
cabinet will retain its present organisation, and spite of the rigorous measures taken to p
them. Naples has been subjected to strict military
ni
transact business as heretofore. All petitions as law, equivalent to a state of siege ; but the city Was
well as letters relative to private affairs or to pro- perfectly
tranquil,
and the King had ordered that
positions of general interest, must be addressed to the theatres, which had remained closed for three
the Emperor at Paris, and not to his head- weeks, should be re-opened."
quarters."

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING TO

Accounts have been received from the French
West India Islands to the 12th ult. The incendiary
fires have continued in the commune of Saint-
Pierre, Martinique, and at the very gates of that
town, the governor had declared the commune in a
state of siege. The Court of Assizes had tried a
planter, named Carry, for robbery and incen-
diarism, and condemned him to hard labour for life.
General Baroilhet de Poligny, inspector-general of
the marines of the different garrisons, had arrived
at Fort de France, Guadaloupe, from Cayenne.
The Moniteur de la _Martinique states that the con-
tract entered into in November, 1858, for the intro-
duction of 10,000 Chinese labourers, will only be
carried into effect to the extent of two cargoes, as
the Minister of the Colonies wishes to see how far
that immigration may answer before it is effected
on a larger scale. The contracting parties had
consented to this modification in their original
contract. The screw transport Dahomey had
arrived at Martinique from the Western Coast of
Africa, after a long voyage of 46 days. Out of
441 emigrants, 82 died on the passage.
A Paris letter in the Independance says :
"The Austrian merchant navy will suffer severely
from the forced interruption of its commer-
cial relations in the East and in all the Mediter-
ranean, which of late years have assumed an
enormous increase. At this moment most of her
Italian sailors in French ports refuse to serve, and
wish to declare themselves French, in order to
escape the requisitions of their captains and the
conscription to which they would be subjected on
their return. This fact was contradicted by a
semi-official note in the Austrian journals as regards
the Germans and the Illyrians, but it is strictly true
as regards the Venetians. The Austrian captains
—on the one hand seeing their crews disappearing,
and on the other the period fixed. for their vessels
to leave France approaching—are in great per-
' plexity. On any other occasion they would have
had recourse to the French authorities, but to do so
now would be ridiculous."
BOURSE, May 10.—The market has been very
dull, the Emperor's departure having checked
speculation. It has been announced that the amount
of capital which had been already subscribed in
Paris and the departments for the loan exceeded
1,100 millions of francs. Threes have been done at
from 60f. 75c. to 60f. 80c. ; Mobilier, 543 f. 75e. to
520 f. ; Austrian, 340 f. to 345 f. ; Orleans, 1,115 f
to 1,122 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 735 f. to 740 f. Eastern,
552f.:50e. to 557 f. 50e.
The following were the closing quotations :-
41 per Cents. .... 88 50 I Craft Fonder • • 605
Do. end month Belgian 4%
3 per Cents. 6O 80 I Piednionteso (5)
1)o. end month.... 60 70 I Roman 77
Credit Mobilier .. 526 25 Spanish
Bank Shares 2705 Austrian Threes
Do. Account

WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Report.)
The weekly return of births and deaths in Lon-
don, issued by authority of the Registrar-General,
shows the total deaths in London, which were 1,201
in the last week of April, declined to 1,108 in the
week that ended last Saturday. In the ten Yea,r,!.
1849-58 the average number of deaths in the wee's"'
corresponding with last week was 1,060 ; but I°
the deaths returned for last week occurred ill
a population which has increased, they . sh°ll:,
be compared with the average raised in 1,3
portion to that increase—namely, with 1,1"4.
The comparison shows that the deaths that occurred
last week were less by 58 than the number which
would have been returned if a rate of raortalit/
equal to the average for the first week of May ha
prevailed.
The births registered last week exceeded the
deaths in the same period by 795.
Smallpox, which had been fatal in about six tee i 1
cases in each of the three previous weeks, was 3-al-0
in twenty-six cases last week. Fourteen of the 1,
occurred in the east districts, chiefly in Bethnal.
green. Scarlatina and diphtheria still maintain a
high rate of mortality ; the deaths from the t's't,
complaints last week were 69. Fourteen of these
are referred to diphtheria, and occurred as folios"
i
—One at 17, Victoria-place, Paddington, one at
33, Westbourne•terrace, one at 9, Queen-street,
Brompton, one at 4, Carey-street, Westminstej'
one at 7, Grace-street, Islington, one at Helmsley
terrace, Hackney, one at 1, George-street, Hackney
one at 5, Miles-place, Finsbury, one at 283, Bethn"';
green-road, one at 64, Wooton-street, Lambeth, 01::„
at 10, James-street, Kennington, one at 9, Manicc
place, Kennington, one at 13, Charles-street'
Peckham, and one at 4, Craven-place, Old ICeti"‘
road.
By comparing the results of the last two We
it will be seen that the decrease in the total In%
tality to the extent of nearly 100 deaths, as abler
above, arises from a reduction mOre or iess
each of the five classes in which all diseases‘scaes
arranged :—the deaths referred to zymotie
declined from 278 to 258, those caused
243,
si constitutional diseases" from 274 t° 458,
those by local diseases" from 480 to 131
those by " developmental diseases" from to
to 108, and those by violence from ''.Aent
34. These 34 violent deaths were all from oci.
of
or negligence, except two, which were cases
infanticide. Amongst the causes of death is %Id
tioned a case of porrigo, which was fatal to a ediea
after 4 months' illness ; and a boy of 6 years
from " the effects of a stone lodged in the 10.7
and an operation for the removal of it."
4/ girls'
Last week the births of 956 boys and 91; ' ;don.
in all 1,903 children, were registered in 1-4°1849-
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years
58 the average number was 1,645. ea°
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich' them,,,,75 in.
height of the barometer in the week Was 29.1
9.59
The extreme variation of readings was from 2 The
in. on Wednesday to 29.94 in. on Friday_
mean temperature of the week was 48 °
he same
which is 2.9 deg. below the average of t • herd.
week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaiseroge
The mean daily temperature was below the ay bolo
until Saturday. The thermometer
fell to its lowest point, 33.1 deg., on Fri
rose next day to its highest, 72 deg. Tlico.e: the
range in the week was therefore 38.9 ueat'',".ence
mean daily range was 21.9 deg. The 010-"e'd air
between the mean dew-point temperature an
°f
of
temperature was 8.7 deg. The mean degreeea
humidity of the air was 72 ; complete satm
,ore
being represented by 100. The mean tempert”fho
of the water of the Thames was 50'5 deg' of blew from the north-east till Thursday n the
noon ; it then changed to south-east, and ° No
in the s
and
afternoon of Saturday was in the south-west.
rain fell during the week.

VS'
ANOTHER DEFAULTER IN ST. PANCRAS.--
terday the newly-elected board of directors were thrall..
into a state of consternation by the announcement by "lea
Plaw, the clerk, that on the previous day it was discover
A not
that Mr. E. F. Browne, collector of No. 5 ward, b9"Ainis
paid is weekly collction into the bank, and,
to his house, he was gone. The amount is not yet kuoW