The Sun.
London, England, 1859-04-25 00:00:00

;HE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1850.

a 14;-...ind of standing ground for claiming special
ink )rest in the affairs of Italy.
What his chances are in the conflict with Austria
we believe it is not easy to say. It may be that
Au stria is much nearer to the scene of action than
Fr: ince ; but that is not everything. The German
des/dots also, doubtless, sympathise with Austria ;
and to their shame, for they deserve to be the
slaves hey are while such is their feeling. The
German
_people, for the sake of keeping a port in
the AdriaL 'ic, wish the people of Lombardy to lie
under the ,goof of Austria. We say again, the
German people deserve their ignominious political
bondage, and .will deserve it till they wish Venice
and Milan to be free. But German slaves are not
the only parties to this business. There are the
free-souled Magyars and Italians, and the haters of
concordats and religious and civil oppressions every-
where, and these things:will be felt in the long run.
In one point, however, Louis NAPOLEON has
entirely succeeded. He has put Austria wholly in
the wrong in declaring war. She has no more right
to do it than the Russians had to march into the
Principalities. She has made a demand of Sardinia,
as disgraceful to the EMPEROR of Austria as that
of Prince MENSCHIKOFF (what has become of that
worthy ?) to his master the CZAR. A demand as
disgraceful as that which France herself lately
made on Portugal. In attacking Sardinia Austria
has no rational pretext whateTer. She cannot pre-
tend that the sixty or seventy thousand troops of
the latter could venture to assail her. Austria is at
liberty to defend herself by as large a border army
as well as garrisons, as she thinks fit ; but, she
plunges into a contest with Sardinia amidst the
denunciations of all the other powers of Europe, and
she may find out too late, as Mr. DISRAELI has pre-
dicted, that there is a power greater even than the
sword—the power of public opinion.

Setting out with a general denial of the conti-
nued accuracy of the old epigrammatic aphorism
which pronounced England the Hell of horses, the
Purgatory of Servants, and the Paradise of Women,
a reviewer in the Edinburgh gives us, in the open-
ing paper of the current number, a remarkable
epitome of the Female Industry of the United Kieg-
dom. The statistics scattered through this elaborate
criticism are perfectly reliable—being drawn almost
entirely from the results of the last census, as con-
densed and classified in the authoritative tabulated
pages of Mr. CHESHIRE. And certainly, glancing
at the array of facts here presented to our conside-
ration, it is obviously placed beyond all possibi-
lity of denial that England, in the third circle of
her own reputed terrestrial and somewhat Dantesque
version of the Divina Commeclia, has lost the
marks of her imputed character. While the rail-
roads have removed, in a great measure, from their
probationary state, before entering the limbo of
the knacker's yard, " the hardest worked class of
horses"—MAßTlN's humane act protects the sur-
vivors of that noble race of quadrupeds from cruelty
—the national predilection for horseflesh increases
everywhere else but on the table as a viand. Mani-
festly enough, therefore, whatever it may have
been formerly—England is no longer the Hell of
Horses. Again, in regard to the second division—
if we are to believe that truth, as well as fun and
drollery, speak through that whimsical pencil of
Leech, our later Hogarth—a pencil to which we
owe so many humorous limnings of the generic
peculiarities of Flunkeyana and Servantgalism—
England as surely is no longer the Purgatory of
Servants. And now as to the third and crowning
section of all—How about England as the reputed
Paradise of Women ? The day dream of grace and
beauty, of gentleness and leisure, vanishes under
the broad flood of the daylight of Fact poured upon
this supposed remnant of fairy land by the Census of
Fifty-One. The last illusory mists of doubt upon
the subject that might yet have remained are scat-
tered away inexorably by the bull's eye as of a
police lantern suddenly turned upon the theme by
the Edinburgh reviewer. Eight years ago these
waters of truth were brimmed up to us abundantly
through the well-spring of the Census. They are
filtered now even for us more brilliantly and re-
freshingly than ever, by being percolated, so to
speak, through the judgment of the Whig Quar-
terly, dripping drop by drop for all who care to
quaff in the general thirst for wholesome know-
ledge.

Enlightened now upon the subject of " Fe-
male Industry" in this country by the Census
and by the Edinburgh, it is impossible for any
one to remain an instant longer under the
illusion that England is any more the Paradise of
-Women, Long since, as the critic remarks, the
women of the United Kingdom have been led forth
from their paradise into a life of labour and care
more strongly resembling that of man than either
the men and women of old times could have antici-
pated. It is not the lassies of the eclogues of GAY,
or of the pastorals of THOMSON, who go out into
the June meadows with their hayrakes, or tend the
flowerbeds round their apiaries, or thin the wall-
fruit of superfluous apricots and nectarines. Even
the reviewer tells us unpityingly, " the Dorset
milkmaid tripping along with her pail is we fear
becoming a myth"—the milking of the kine being
now generally performed by some hobnailed lout in
a smockfrock. All the pretty fanciful occupations
of the farm and the poultry-yard, the kitchen
garden, the dairy, and the orchard, survive now in
the story-books and the more innocent dreams of
the most unsophisticated of our poets and poetasters.
The recording angel of the Census of 1851 tells us
plainly in so many remarks that there were eight
years ago, 128,418,1 N-omen above twenty years of
age employed in the positive labours of agricul-
ture—to say nothing of farmers' wives and farmers
daughters to the number of 289,793. Included
among the farmers,namely,among the independent
female agricultural labourers, are 64,000 dairy-
women. The complaint of these 64,000 being, and
we are assured " not unreasonably—' no end of
work !' " Listen to the reviewer's record of this no
end of work !

On a dairy-farm, the whole set of labours has to be gone
through twice a day, nearly the whole year round ; and any
one of our readers who have seen the vessels on a Cheshire
farm, the width of the tubs, the capacity of the ladles, the
strength of the presses, and the size of the cheeses, will feel
no surprise at hearing from the doctors that dairywomen
constitute a special class of patients, from maladies arising;
from over-fatigua and insufficient rest. There is some dif-
ference between this mode of life and the common notion of
the ease and charm of the 'dairymaid's existence, as it is seen
in a corner of the duchess's park, or on a little farm of three
fields and a paddock. The professional dairywoman can
usually do nothing else. She has been about the -cows since
she was tall enough to learn to milk, and her days are so
filled up, that it is all she can do to keep her clothes in de -
cent order. She drops asleep .ver the last stage of her
work ; and grows up ignorant of all other knowledge, and
unskilled in all other arts.

Besides these dairywomen the female agricul-
tural labourers of England include managers of
pigs, lambs, and poultry—makers of cider and
perry—and bee-mistresses, the produce of whose
labours are the gold droppings of the au-
tumn honeycombs. Glancing at the nursery
gardeners and the florists, the market-gar-
deners and the flax producers, reapers
and binders, haymakers and hop-pickers, bean-
setters and turnip hoers—we descend from the
surface of the land to the subterranean regions.
There we find 7,000 women returned as toiling in
the mines in Wales and Cornwall and Devonshire.
Skirting the waters we find scores of thousands of
women labouring within our four WE4S otherwise

than as fishermen's wives and daughters. The

reviewer says=

It is true the amount of fish-eating. in Our country by the
lower classes of the population is inexplicably small. No
one seems yet to have accounted for the neglect of, or pre•
judice against, a kind of food so excellent and so abundant.
But thederuand created by railway earriage,'and by the re-
moval of various restrictions, bids fair now to restore some-
thing like the fish-eating of the old Catholic days,

Along the margin of the sea, Insides our CitRIsTIP
JOIINSTONES, the Billingsgate ladies, the Mussel-
burgh dames, and the Claddagh women, there are
thousands busy there in smaller occupations—burn-
ing kelp, collecting sand, raking together seaweed,
gathering jet and amber, rare shells and curious
pebbles. Next come the maid servants—an army
of toilsome women, most disproportioned in num-
bers to the rest of the population. According to
the census now eight years byegone—there were up -
wards of 400,000 maids-of-all-work, or, as it is the
fashion to call them now, general servants. There
are 54,000 charwomen 50,000 housekeepers-
-47,000 women cooks-42,000 housemaids-21,000
nurserymaids-20,000 inn servants—and attached
to country mansions nearly 400 gatekeepers. Added
to all which, the reviewer tells us—
Under the head of service' several kinds of independent
industry occur which need only be pointed out : as sick and
monthly nurses, matrons and nurses in asylums and hos-
pitals ; women who go out to brew, to cook, to wash, and
to sew ; the searchers at police and custom-house offices ;
matrons of gaols ; lighthouse-keepers ; pew-openers ;
waiters at railway refreshment rooms, and the like.
Referring next to the " commercial directions of
female industry," we find as widows scattered all
over the country, as many as 10,000 beershop
keepers and victuallers-9,000 innkeepers-14,000
milk-sellers and butcheresses —B,OOO proprietors of
waggons and hack carriages.
Turning at last to the very class that ought in
reason to be the most numerous of all, we find it
actually of all the least numerous—the class of
shoptvomen, as distinguished from shopkeepers.
While the shopkeepers are 29,000—the shopwomen
are actually in all no more than 1,742 ! Here it is
that we are grieved to notice our contemporary, the
Edinburgh, raising an influential voice, deprecating
the prosecution of what we must still be allowed to
regard as a most beneficent movement. Referring
to that other quarterly review which, during the
late war, attacked " the men milliners who smirk
behind the counters of our shops," the Edinburgh
here remarks, " Our impression on the whole was
that the shopmen exhibited a much better case
than could have been anticipated by careless ob-
servers." Notwithstanding which " impression," we
are yet sanguine that the genus of TITTLEBAT TIT-
MOUSE may eventually give place to those poor
sisters of theirs starving in our London garrets
and cellars as needlewomen.

Altogether the survey now taken of " Female
Industry" presents to view a very impressive spec-
tacle—a spectacle not incongruously closed by a
casual reference to Dr. ELIZABETH BLACKWELL,
the New York physician, and to Mrs. HOCKLEY,
the professional accoucheur of distinguished repu-
tation. There is a passing glance, too, vouchsafed
by the reviewer at LIND as a songstress, SIDDONS
as a tragic actress, and BRONTE as a woman of
letters—with a thought cast yonder into that
quiet home at Ongar where JANE TAYLOR plied her
art as a steel engraver; yonder at Miss HERSCIIELL
sitting unmolested in
,her brother's observatory
discovering comets; yonder at Mrs. SOMERVILLE
pursuing in her unobtrusive manner her recon-
dite labours as a mathematician. Finally, quoth
the Edinburgh, as truthfully as gallantly—

Our countrywsmen have the free command of the press ;
and they use it abundantly. Every woman who has force
of character enough to conceive any rational enterprise of
benevolence is sure to cairy it through, after encountering
more or less opposition. For a Catherine Mompesson, sup-
ported by her husband's companionship in a plague-stricken
village two centuries ago, we have had a Mary Picard doing
exactly the same work, but alone, within our own century.
Mrs. Fry in Newgate, Florence Nightingale and Mrs.
Bracebridge at Scutari; 'Miss Dix reforminglunatic asy-
lums; Sarah Pellatt reclaiming the Californian gold-
diggers from drink; Mary Carpenter among her young city
Arabs : all these, and several more, are proofs that the
field of action is open to women as well as men, when they
find something for their hand to do, and do it with all their
might.

The reviewer might have added, in proof—what he
possibly deemed superfluous—a noble living cata-
logue. Among others, CAROLINE CHISHOLM better-
ing the forlorn emigrants at our antipodes—ELlZA
COOK gladdening the homes by writing the songs
of the people—AGNEs STRICKLAND inscribing
with a luminous pencil upon historic tablets,
monunientum are perennius, the moving annals of
our Female Sovereigns.

THE PRIVY COUNCIL.

WINDSOR, APRIL 23.

Her Majesty the Queen held a Privy Council at twelve
o'clock to• day. Present—His Royal Highness the Prince
Consort, the Marquis of Salisbury, the Earl of Hardwicke,
the Earl of Derby, the Right Hon. B. Disraeli, Mr. Secre-
tary Estcourt, the Earl of Malmesbury, Major-General
Peel, the Marquis of Exeter, Earl Delawarr, the Duke of
Beaufort, and the Marquis of Abercorn.
At the Council a Proclamation was issued dissolving the
present Parliament, and summoning a new Parliament on
Tuesday, the 81st May.

A Proclamation was issued for the election of 16 peers o;
Scotland, on Tuesday the 10th May.
The Hon. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the Counci
in Waiting.

Her Majesty gave audiences to the Marquis of Salisbury,
the Earl of. Malmesbury, the. Earl of Derby, and Major-
General Peel.

Viscount Strathallan and Lieutenant-General Sir Fre-
derick Steven were the Lord and Groom in Waiting.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR CASTLE, APRIL 23.
The Queen and Prince Consort walked in the grounds of
the Castle this morning.
The Princess Alice rode on horseback.

The Duke of Saxe-Coburg went to London, attended by
le Baron de Meyern, le Capitaine de Reuter, A.D.C., and
Colonel Francis Seymour, C.B. His royal highness re-
turned to the Castle in the afternoon.

The Queen and Prince Consart, accompanied by the
Princesses Alice, Helena, and Louisa, and attended by the
Ladies and Gentlemen, in Waiting; the Duchess of Rent,
attended by Lady Suian Leilie Melville, and Miss Victoria
Wortley ; the Duke of Saxe-Coburg, attended by le Baron
Meyern, le Capitaine de Reuter, A.D.C., and Colonel F.
Seymour, were present in the evening at a musical per-
formance in St. George's Hall. The following had the
honour of receiving invitations :—The Belgian Minister and
Madame van de Weyer, the Provost of Eton, the Rev. W.
Canning, the Rev. W. Anson, Major and the Hon. Mrs.
Loyd Lindsay, Lady Mary Hood, Miss Hood, Lady Caro-
line Barrington, Major-General the Hon. C. and Mrs.
Grey, Colonel the lion. C. and Lady Phipps, Miss Phipps,
Colonel F. H. and Lady Emily Seymour, the Dean of
Windsor and the Hon. Mrs. Wellesley, Sir George and
Lady Couper, Miss and Mr. R. Couper, the Rev. W. R
Jolley, Major Elphinstone, R.E., and Mr. Glover.
The performance was " Grosse Passions-Musik," by Joh.
Seb. Bach, according to the text of St. Matthew. The
English words, adapted for the Bach Society of London,
by Helen F. H. Johnston.

The orchestra consisted of upwards of 170 performers.
The solo vocalists were---Madame Weiss (Miss L. Pyne
being prevented singing from severe indisposition), Mrs.
Bertha Street, and Miss Lascelles ; Mr. Sims Reeves, Mr.
Winn, and Mr. Weiss. The band consisted of her Ma-
jesty's private band, aided by several of the principal per-
formers from the Philharmonic Societyaller Majesty's
Theatre, and the Royal Italian Opera. The chorus were
selected principally from the Bach Society, instituted by
Professor Sterndale Bennett, Mus. Prof. Cantab, 1849, who
was present on the occasion. The performance was con-
ducted by Mr. Anderson, the director of her Majesty's pri-
vate band ; Mr. W. G. Cusins, organist of her Majesty's
private chapel,,,presiding at the organ.

His Royal Highness the Duke of, Saxe•Coburg
takes his departure on Wednesday or Thursday next, from
Windsor Castle, for Berlin.

His Excellency the Saxon Minister left town a
few days since, for Paris.

The Marquis of Abereorn left town, on Saturday,
for Mount Edgecombe, Devonshire, to join the marchioness
and Lady Katherine Hamilton, who had left town pre-
viously, to visit Viscount and Viscountess Valletort.
The Marquis of Lansdowne will leave town in a
few days for Bowood, for the Easter holidays.
The Marquis of Bath arrived in town on Satur-
day evening, from Longleaf, Wilts,

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrcans have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office ;-_-.

PARIS, APRIL 23.

The Patrie of this evening announces that the
Imperial guard has been placed on a war footing.
The officers have received orders to be ready for
departure. General Canrobert left this morning to
assume the command allotted to him. The regi-
ments which quitted Paris yesterday were enthu-
siastically cheered by the people.

The report that the soldiers on renewable furlough
will be called in is confirmed.

We are assured, adds the Patric, that the ulti-
matum of Austria to Piedmont was delivered at 2
p.m. to-day at Turin.

! PARIS, APRIL 24.
The Moniteur of this morning contains the fol-

lowing :

Prussia, like England and Russia, has protested
against the conduct of Austria.

A telegraphic message from Toulon announces
that troops have arrived there intended to commence
the formation of a camp to consist of 40,000 men.
The report current in Paris that King Leopold had
quitted Belgium is untrue.

Rentes were first done on the Boulevards at
64.80 fell to 64.30, and the last transaction was at
64.40, being a fall of O since Saturday's closing
price. Austrian Railway 7, and Lombardo-Vene-
tian 5 francs lower.

TURIN, APRIL 23.
The deputies assembled for a public sitting this
day at three o'clock p.m;

The Chamber without discussion adopted a pro-
ject of law investing Government with all execu-
tive and legislative powers by 110 votes against 24.
This vote was greeted by the animated cheers
and acclamations of the deputies and the public.

TURIN, SUNDAY, APRIL 24.

The Opinione announces that the ultimatum of
Austria was presented yesterday (Saturday) even-
ing to the Piedmontese Government. The ulti-
matum demands the disarmament of Piedmont and
the disbanding of the volunteers within a period of
three days. Baron Kellerberg remains in Turin
until that time shall have expired. The movements
of the Austrians towards the Piedmontese frontiers
have ceased, and the usual traffic on the railway
from Milan to the Ticino has recommenced. The
Archduke Maximilian has departed for Venice to
inspect the Austrian fleet.
It is currently reported that the Austrians are
on their march to enter Modena. General Ferrari,
commander of the troops of Tuscany, has tendered
his resignation.
The following anecdote is given by the Opinione
of Turin :—" A banquet of officers was held at Milan
a few days ago, at which, among the numerous
toasts drunk in allusion to the impending war, a
young officer proposed the following To the
Austrian army ! The French and Piedmontese
armies will break against it like this brittle glass.'
So saying, he threw the bottle he had just emptied
into the air, so as to make it fall back again upon
the table, which, in fact, it did, but—without
breaking. The Opinione states that all the officers
present stood aghast at this untoward omen."

VIENNA, APRIL 24.

The official Vienna Gazette publishes a communi-
cation dated the 19th April addressed by the
Austrian Government to Count Cavour. This
communication calls upon Piedmont to reduce her
army to a peace footing, to disband her volunteers,
and within three days to give a positive answer to
these requirements. In conclusion it emphatically
threatens a resort to arms in the unfortunate event
of Piedmont's not acceding to Austria's demands.

BERLIN, APRIL 23

The semi-official Prussian Gazette (Preussische
Zeituny) publishes a leading article, of which the
following is a summary :
The resollutions of the Government for placing
the federal means of defence on a footing corre-
sponding to the armaments of neighbouring states,
were prepared before the last mediatorial proposal
of the Powers had been made, and were accidentally
taken at a moment when Prussia was using press-
ing language at Vienna in favour of the above pro-
posal. It was also accidental that their publication
coincided with the first news respecting the ulti-
matum of Austria to Piedmont. The Prussian
resolutions were determined on quite independently
of the events of the last few days. Neither the
presence of German Princes nor any pretended con-
ventions said to have been concerted during their
stay, are in any way connected with these resolu-
tions.

As regards the last measure towards Piedmont,
the news was all the more surprising for the Go-
vernment, because during the days which imme-
diately preceded it, nothing had been neglected by
Prussia to impress on the attention of the Austrian
Government the incalculable consequences and the
heavy responsibility which would result from every
separate act of Austria.

According to the New Prussian Gazette (Kreuz-
zeitung) the Russian Government has taken the
resolution to place the Corps d'arrnee of General
Luders on a war footing (kriegsbereit). The Cabi-
net of St. Petersburg has declared its intention not
to advance troops so long as Germany also refrains
from so doing, otherwise a Corps of observation
would be placed on the Austrian frontiers ; Russia
would thus assume the same attitude of watchful-
ness as Austria did during the war in the East.

DRESDEN, APRIL 23.

Tho Dresden Journal contains a Royal decree,
dated 16th April, concerning the levy of horses for

army purposes.

BERNE, APRIL 23.

It is asserted that the Eglish Ambassadorl2 has la
Berne this morning for Milan, in consequence of
an order received by telegraph from his Govern.
ment.

BERNE, APRIL 24.
Two divisions of the army of Switzerland have
been placed on a war footing.
Captain E. A. J. Harris, the English Ambas-
sador for Switzerland, has left this city for Milan,
to deliver to General Gyulai the protest of the
English Government against the ultimatum which
Austria has addr,;sscd to Piedmont. It is asserted
that 160,000 French soldiers arc on their march
towards Savoy.

FRANKFORT 0.M., APRIL 23.

An official report of the proceedings in to-day's
sitting of the Federal Diet has been published.

It announces that the sitting agreed to the proposals
of Prussia to keep the principal contingents in
readiness to march (Marschbereitschaft), and also
that a resolution was adopted to take all necessary
measures for arming the federal fortresses. The re-
port adds that the federal military committee has
been ordered to place itself in connexion with the
different military commissions appointed to execute

the resolutions of the Diet. It is also authentic
that a corps d'armee of 12,000 men will shortly be
posted in and around Frankfort for the protection
of the Diet.

FRANKFORT OM., APRIL 24.

It is asserted by well-informed persons that in
case of war a considerable corps of observation,
composed of troops of the German Confederation,
will be sent to the Rhine, to which Austria on her
part will furnish a contingent of 250,000 men,
under the command of the Emperor in person.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SUNDAY.

It was reported that the Austrian Ambassador
had quitted Paris, This is not true ; M. Hubner
is still here.

The Constitutionnel says :—" The summons made
by Austria to Piedmont to disarm in three days
was, we are assured, sent by the Emperor himself,
without consulting his Ministers." " According
to private information which has reached us," says
the same journal, " one of the movements made by
the Austrian Army is to be on Tuscany. It forms
part of the strategical plans of Austria to occupy
the Grand Duchy, notwithstanding the opposition
of the sovereign, who is said to have decided, but
too late, on declaring his neutrality."
A Paris letter, in the Independance of Brus-
sels, says :—" The army of Lyons will con-
sist, it is said, of five divisions, prepared to
march at any moment, and three divisions of
reserve. The troops stationed in the Var are
to embark without delay at Toulon, it is supposed
for Genoa, as Capt. Chaigneau has left for that city
to superintend the landing should the troops be con-
veyed there. The commanders of the three floating
batteries in the port of Toulon, the Lave, Tonnante,
and Devastation, have received orders to arm them
with the utmost possible speed. Throe regiments
of African Chasseurs and a regiment of Zouaves,
still in Algeria, are to embark for France, the latter
to join the army of Lyons, and the Chasseurs to
proceed to some destination as yet unknown. The
number of horses furnished by Algeria to the army
in France is calculated at 6,000. Lastly, the Minis-
ter of Marine, who had given orders to raise to 18
the 12 gunboats to lee provided, has decided on in-
creasing the number for the present to 20."
BOURSE, April 23.—The market opened very
heavily, but after a while there was a rally, owing
to a despatch from Berlin announcing that Prussia
had joined her protestation to those of England and
Russia. It was also said that King Leopold had
departed for Vienna on a conciliatory mission.
Threes have advanced to 65f. 5c.; Mobilier, to 595 f.;
Austrian, 470 f. ; Orleans, I,lBof. ; Lyons, 795 f. ;
Northern, 870 f. ; Southern, 450 f. The following
were the last quotations :

41- per Cents. .... 92 50 I Credit Fonder
Do. end month .. 92 50 i Belgian 41 —
3 per Cents 65 15 Piedmonteso (5) .. 73 50
Do. end month 65 Roman B3
Bank Shares 2650 Austrian —

Credit Mobilier 592 50 Spanish Threes ..
Do. Account 595 Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern 865 870
New ditto 755 750

Lyons and Mediterranean 797 50 .. 790
Now ditto

Geneva 470 .. 460
Southern

Western 495 .. 500
Eastern
Sardinian -

Austrian , 467 : . 472 50

Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 10c. ; money;
25f. sc. ; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c.; money, 24f. 921 c.

AUSTRIA.
VIENNA, APRIL 22.
The official Wiener Zietung of this day contains
the subjoined manifesto :

" Matured by the events which, since the beginning of
the year, have cast such dark shadows over the future of
Europe, the decisive moment—a moment which may bring
with it the most important consequences—is at hand.
" The sincere desire of our Emperor and Lord to avert
from the world, even at the last moment, the dangers which
menace it, the feeling of duty not to leave untried any
means for maintaining peace that is compatible with the
rights and dignity of the Empire, and the wish to prove to
every one that Austria is free from all blame if the evils of
war should fall on fruitful and happy countries, have in-
duced his Imperial Royal Apostolic Majesty to address him-
self directly to the Government of his Majesty King Victor
Emmanuel, in order to make a last effort for the mainte-
nance of peace.

" During several years Sardinia has displayed hostility to
the sacred rights of Austria. By its more recent manifesta-
tions the Turin Cabinet has shown itself to be the declared
antagonist of those rights. By its armaments it has placed
itself in a state of perpetual preparation for attack. Tho
only means by which the Sardinian Government can con-
vince the world that it does not meditate war and revolution
is to render a return to regular relations between itself and
its neighbour possible. Sardinia can do this by laying aside
those arms which she can only use in order to commit an
immeasurable outrage against international law, againstthe
foundation of legal order, against the true welfare of Italy,
and against the well-being of Europe.
"By order of his Majesty, Count von Buol-Schauenstein
has addressed to Count Cavour, the chief of the Turin
Cabinet, a note (em Schrebin), in which the Royal Sardi-
nian Government is summoned to disarm. The summons,
which is conciliatory in spirit, though urgent, is made with
all the earnestness of a last admonition, an admonition that
may be followed by the most serious consequences.
" If Sardinia, as a consequence of this step, which is ac-
companied by the representations of other European
Powers places its army on a peace footing (kehrt zuni Frie-
densfusse zuruck) it knows that it is, by the given word of
Austria, secure from any attack.

•' It is not the intention of the Imperial Government to
retract the proposition it before wade—which can at once,
and even before the opening of the proposed Congress,
lead to an arrangement between those great Powers that
have made extraordinary armaments—for a general return
to a poace footing. Austria still holds to that proposition,
without making any alteration in it, although she cannot
allow the steps which she has now resolved on taking
against Sardinia to be made subject to the future negotia-
tions on the question of general disarmament.
"May it soon be our lot to let the present communica •
tion be followed by another, which will give equal satisfac-
tion to the advocates for anhonourablepeace and to the firm
and tranquil solf4con,sciousness (Selbstegefuhl) of Austria.
Whatever may be the trials we may have to undergo,
neither our magnanimous Monarch nor his faithful subjects
will for a moment lose that confidence which is given by
right (justice) and courage."

The Earl Cadogan, who has been suffering from
indisposition fur sumo time past, is now greatly improving
in health.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston have re.
turned to Cambridge House from Broadlands, Hants. The
noble viscount leaves town to-day for Tiverton.

Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile will leave
town to-morrow on r. visit to Colonel and Mrs. Challoner
at Portnall Park, Virginia Water.

Lord and Lady Harry Vane are passing the season
at their seat, Battle Abbey, Sussex.

Lord and Lady Churchill have left the Si
George's Hotel.

Lady Arthur Hay has returned to town from
visiting the Duke and Duchess of Manchester at Kim-
bonen Castle.

The Earl and Countess of March have left town,
on a visit to Lady Charlotte Greville, at Uxbridge.
The Earl and Countess of Shelburne will leave
Lansdowne House to• day, for Bowood, Wilts.
The Earl and Countess of Bandon and Lady
Louisa Barnard have arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper
Norwood.
The Countess Blondoff has returned to town from
visiting the Duke and Duchess of Manchester at Kini-
bolton Castle.

Baron add Baroness Lionel de Rctlischild enter-
tained a select circle at dinner on Saturday evening, at
Kingston House, Knightsbridge.
Lady John Somerset has arrived at her new
residence at Queen's-gate, Hyde-park, from Paris.
Sir Ralph and Lady Howard have left Belgrave-
square, for Brighton.
General Fate (aide-de-camp to the Emperor
Napoleon) has arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-
erect.

THE SALE OF ARMY COMMISSIONS.—On Satur-
day, by command of the Puke of Cambridge, a spccia!
warrant was placed in the hands of Inspector Whicher, of
the detective police, for the apprehension of Henry Septi-
mus Eicke, of 2, Russell•court, St. James's, charged with
the illegal sale and traffic in army commissions. A reward
of t7O is offered for the capture of Eicke by her Majesty's
Government, and on Saturday afternoon a clue was ob-
tained to his whereabouts, and
.thare is no doubt he will
soon be in custody. . _ _

Herapath announces that the South Western
Company have undertaken to work the Isle of Wight Rail-
way at cost price; and Captain Mangles, chairman, and
Mr. Sergeant Gazelee, a director of the South Western,
have been placed QLI the Isle of Wight board,

INDIA AND CHINA.

ALEXANDRIA, APRIL 19.

The Calcutta and China mails leave to-day.
The advices from Calcutta are to the 22d of
March ; Madras, the 29th ; Hong Kong, the 12th.
The Begun" and the Nana hare come down to
the Nepaul frontier with 8,000 men.
Brigadier Kelly was watching them.

Rao Sahib, with 1,000 cavalry, has appeared in
Chunderee. Tantia Topee and Feroze Shah are
believed to have joined him.

Another attempt to produce mutiny among Sikh
troops has been discovered at Lahore.

The Bengal Chamber of Commerce is preparing
a petition against an increase of Customs' duties,
and to memorialise for a Parliamentary commis-
sion to investigate and report upon Indian finances.
The Calcutta import market was active, and
prices higher, owing to an increase of the import
duties.

Money was easy. Government securities con-
tinue depressed.

Exchange, 2s. ld. for bank bills.
The Furious, with Lord Elgin, en route for
England via Bombay, had arrived at Galle.

Sir Michael Seymour was to leave Hong Kong
on the 20th of March for England,
Exchange on Hong Kong, 4s. Bd.
Import market dull,
SHANGHAI, MARCH 5.
The import market very active, with enhanced
prices.

Silk was dearer ; settlements, 2,000 bales.
Tea very firm.
A portion of the Red Sea Telegraph cable has
arrived at Suez.

INDIA OFFICE, APRIL 24.
The following telegram has been received via
Trieste :

"TO JAMES COSMO IVIELVILL, ESQ., INDIA OFFICE, LON-.
DON, FROM It. SIMSON, ESQ., SECRETARY TO TIM
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, DATED CALCUTTA, MARCH 22.

OUDE.
Since the date of my last message the rebels,
under the Begum and Ram Singh, have re-crossed
the river Gunduck, and have marched westward
through the Nepaul Terrai. On the 16th of March
about 200 rebels, supposed to be an advanced party,
entered the Toolseepore territory. The main body,
with the chiefs, were said 4-3 be at Bootwul, about
25 miles east of the Toolseepore boundary. They
are believed to number about 5,000, including
women and children. Brigadier Kelly was to have
been at Lotun, 36 miles from Bootwul, on the 18th
instant.

The province of Oude continues tranquil; the
disarming of the country and the demolition of the
forts progress satisfactorily.
CENTRAL INDIA AND RAJPOOTANA.
Information has been received from Chundeyree
that the Rao Sahib, with 2,000 cavalry, arrived in
the Chundeyree district on the 13th inst. Arrange-
ments had been made for pursuing him. Overtures
of surrender had been received both from the Rao
and Feroze Shah, who are both said to be anxious
to come in.

Tantia Topee, when last heard of, was threading
the jungles on the Chumbul, under the assumed
name of Rao Singh.