The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-21 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, I SATURDAY 'EVENING, :DECEMBER 21, 1861.

of their own President, MADISON, must be conolu-

sive with them.

Our contemporary turns aside therefore to the
altered circumstances of the day—to the.fact that
mail steamers are a modern institution, and their
proper treatment has not been a question yet in
any war. But so far from this rendering it a
ground for arbitration, it appears to us to take it
completely out of that class daises. It will never
do to allow such a blundering hot-head as Captain
WILKES evidently is, to make new mail-steamer
laws for all civilisation. If he felt the difficulty, as
it appears he did, he, and all in a similar position,
ought to be taught that they cannot be allowed
to violate law in the first instance with-
out severe rebuke. At least America
ought to have given notice to the world that she
intended to treat mail steamers in a new fashion,
and not to have begun the objectionable practice
of her own self-will. We own that the conse-
quences of seizing mail steamers would be fright-
ful; civilisation would never endure it, they being
used not only by the countries from which they
sail, but by all countries ; but as little will civilised
countries endure that such steamers shall be visited
by the sailors of some country at war with another,
and that a Lieutenant shall be entitled to take from
them what he (not what an educated Judge) pro-
nounces contraband of war. There is, then, we
conceive, no case for arbitration,

We often hear of contrasts between the salaries
paid to the Governesses who are to be the first
trainers of the minds of a gentleman's children, and
to the cook who is to send up his dinners. The
young lady is to know everything—music, dancing,
drawing, two or three languages, at least, besides
her own ; and sometimes with the addition of cer-
tain religious, generally sectarian, qualifications—
at how much the " religion is valued," as Mrs.
STOWE'S ST. CLARE would ask, is, perhaps, never
stated. For all these things, however, the charge
is, that the gentleman, or his wife, does not offer the
same remuneration as he does for his " professed
cook"—the cook's religion, too, being subject to no
inquisition. The moral of the advertisements,
however, seems to be, that if pay and easy hours
of labour be the chief thing, a young lady had
better study the art of sending up good dishes than
spend her time on accomplishments.

But what is the moral of a notice Ns,e saw the
other day in the Gazette, duly issued by the autho-
rities at the Admiralty ? The notice is such a
study in its way that we think it worth while to
give it unmutilated, so here it is—
" Admiralty, Whitehall, S.W., Dec. 9, 1861.

" Notice is hereby given, that a vacancy exists for an
assistant schoolmaster at Devonport Dockyard. Candi-
dates who may wish to undergo a competitive examination
for such an appointment are invited to make personal ap-
plication at the office of the Civil Service Commissioners,
No. 4, Gateway, Dean's-yard, Westminster, between the
hours of ten and five o'clock, on or before the Ist of
January next, taking with them certificates of age and
health, together with testimonials as to character, also as to
their general or special qualifications; and they will then
be informed of the day fixed for the examination. Candi -
dates must be between the ages of 20 and 35, and will be
examined in the following subjects, in all of which it will be
necessary for each candidate to pass :-1. Exercises to test
handwriting and orthography. 2. Arithmetic. 3. Gram-
mar and analysis of sentences. 4. English Composition.
5. Physical and political geography of the world,
especially of England and Europe. 6. English history.
7. Euclid (first four books). 8. Algebra (to the end of
Quadratic Equations). They will also be competitively ex-
amined in the following subjects; but, although it will not
be necessary for such candidate to have a knowledge of these
latter subjects, a high value will be set upon them :-9.
Trigonometry (plane and spherical). 10. Differential and
Integral Calculus, and the easier Differential Equations.
11. Mechanics. 12. Hydrostatics. The salary of assistant
schoolmaster at Devonport Dockyard commences at £lOO
per annum, increasing by £lO each year to £140; and the
certificate of the Civil Service Commissioners will entitle
the successful candidate, after his appointment, to the
benefits of the Superannuation Act. Assistant dockyard
schoolmasters are eligible for promotion to be dockyard
schoolmasters, with salaries varying from £l5O to £250 per
annum.—W. G. ROMAINE."

The reader sees the qualifications required to ob-
tain from the Government a schoolmaster's salary of
£lOO. To be sure, after some years of service, and
when r raetice must have raised the qualification,
and tested the character of the teacher, he may ob-
tain £l4O, and may even rise to the schoolmaster's
peerage, and add £lOO or so to the salary pro-
posed for either the first eight subjects or the re-
maining four on which a high value will be Eet ;
the value, of course, going towards the chances of
appointment, and not obtaining an acknowledgment
in pounds sterling, for " value received." Certain
other appointments, however, occurred at once to
our recollection for most of which the salaries are, we
believe, much larger; and on thinking of the quali-
fications required to fill them, it struck us that re-
spectable persons who wanted a snug and easy
berth, of from £lOO t ) £3OO a-year, had better de•
vote their time to the study of a butler's duties.
Far better to be a nobleman's or gentleman's
butler for such a purpose than give one's nights and
days to mathematics and the sciences.

If we are not misinformed the ex-butler of one
peer, Lord ELLENBOROUGH, is head doorkeeper at
the Admiralty ; the ex-butler of another peer, Lord
CEA N WORTH, chief usher in Vice-Chancellor
STUART'S Court ; and the chief usher of Bow-street
has, we are told, also qualified for his office by the
priesthood of BACCHUS, There may be many more ex-
butlers, for aught we know, beating the poor school-
masters hollow in point of salary ; and in regard to
wear and tear of body, mind, and spirits threatening
to outlive them by almost as many years as
the patriarchs did their short-lived succes-
sors. These are only a few instances which
occurred to us at the moment and without
inquiring. 'They could but suggest the reflection-
-better far be a nobleman's or gentleman's chaplain
for the worship of the merry GOD, if you wish,
at tha hands of the Government for living made
easy, than a hard-working student to fight your
way into an assistant-schoolmastership at Devon-
port Dockyard. Well, so we suppose it must
ever be. From the respectable era of the PHAROAII s
the " chief butler" has always been an important
personage, and the more enlightened JOSEPHS
must take their chance. As, however, competi
tion is now the rule, why should there not be
competition for doorkeepers' and ushers' places P
And, as butlership is the appropriate discipline,
why not throw open the competition to all the
butlers in the kingdom P The first-rate wine
merchant would soon draw ap the examination
papers, and the competitors would doubtless not
object to give their opinions, by trial, of the
merits of all the wines which could be placed
b. fore them.

THE LATE PRINCE CONSORT.

The following is the ceremonial to be observed on
the occasion of the funeral of the lamented Prince
Consort :
On the morning of Monday, December 23, 1861, the re-
mains of Field-Marshal his late Royal Highness the Prince
Consort, husband of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,
Duke of Saxony, and Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, will be re-
moved from Windsor Castle for interment in the Royal
vault in St. George's Chapel, in the following order, shortly
before 12 o'clock :

A guard of honour of the Grenadier Guards, of which
regiment his late Royal Highness was Colonel, will mount
at the entrance to the State apartments of Windsor Castle.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying two
valets and two yagers of his ]ate Royal Highness.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying the
four physicians who were in attendance upon his late Royal
Highness.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying an
equerry to his late Royal Highness, an equerry to his Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales, an equerry to his Royal
Highness the Duke of Cambridge, and an equerry to her
Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying two
Equerries and two Gentlemen Ushers of his late Royal
Highness.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying the
Lord and Groom in Waiting to the Queen, the Clerk Mar-
shal, and the Master of the Household.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying four
of the supporters of the pall of his late Royal Highness,
viz.:—Major-Gen. Wylde and Col. Francis Seymour, C. 8.,
Grooms of the Bedchamber to his late Royal Highness;
Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. Dudley De Ros, and Major C. T.
Du Plat, Equerries to his lace Royal Highness.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying four
of the supporters of the pall of his late Royal Highness—
viz., Lord Waterpark, Lord of the Bedchamber to his late
Royal Highness ; Colonel the Hon. Alex. Nelson Hood,
Clerk Marshal to his late Royal Highness ; Col. the Hon.
Charles B. Phipps, K.C.8., Treasurer to his late Royal
Highness ; Major-General the lion. Charles Grey, Private
Secretary to his late Royal Highness.
A mourning coach, drawn by four horses, conveying the
three Great Officers of her Majesty's Household, the Lord
Steward, the Lord Chamberlain, and the Master of the
Horse.

A carriage of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,
drawn by six horses, the servants in State liveries, convey-
ing the Crown of his late Royal Highness, borne by the
Earl Spencer, Groom of the Stale to his late Royal High-
ness ; and the baton, sword, and hat of his late Royal
Highness, borne by Lord George Lennox, Lord of the Bed-
chamber to his late Royal Highness.
THE HEARSE,

Drawn by six horses, attended by an escort of the Life

Guards.

A carriage of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, drawn
by six horses; the servants in Stlto liveries.

A carriage of his Royal highness the Prince of Wales,
drawn by six horses ; the servants in State liveries.
A carriage of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.
drawn by six horses ; the servants in State liveries.

A carriage of her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cam-
bridge, drawn by six horses ; the servants in State liveries.
The line of procession will be kept by the Scots Fusilier
Guards.

At half-past 11 o'clock those who have had the honour
to receive the Queen's commands to attend the ceremony,
but who do not take part iu the procession, will be admitted
to St. George's Chapel, by Wolsey's Hall, and will be at
once conducted to seats in the Choir.

At 12 o'clock the Royal Eunily and other Royal person-
ages will assemble in the Chapter Room of St. George's
Chapel, from which they will be conducted to their places
in the procession by the Lord Chamberlain, assisted by the
Vice• Chamberlain.

The remainder of those appointed to form part of the
procession within the Chapel, having previously assembled
in Wolsey's Hall, will take their places, and upon the arri-
val of the body at the South Porch the procession will be
formed in the Nave, and move up the Choir in the follow-
ing order :
Valets of his late Royal Highness.
Yagers of his late Royal Highness.

Physicians who were in attendance upon his late Royal
Highness.
Chaplains to his late Royal Highness.

The Representatives of absent Foreign Royal Personages.
The Controller and Equet y to her Royal Highness the
Du-chess of Cambridgs.

The Equerry to his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge,
The Equerry to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
The Equerries to his late Royal Highness.
The Master of the Household to the Queen.
The Equerry in Waiting to the Queen-
The Groom in Waiting to the Queen.
The Lord in Wait,r g to the Queen.
The Lord Steward. The Master of the Horso.
The Choir of 'Windsor.
The Canons of Windsor.
The [can of Windsor.
THE BATON, SWORD, AND HAT

Of his late Royal ilighness, borne upon a Black Velvet
Cushion, by Lord George Lennox, Lord of the
Bedchamber to his lute Royal Highness.
THE CROWN

Of his late Royal Highness, borne upon a Black Velvet
Cushion, by the Bail Spencer, Groom of the
Stole to his late Royal Highness.

The Controller in the Lord The Vice-Chamberlain c:
Cha mber' ain's Depart- Her Majesty's Household
went.

The Lord Chamberlain
of her Majesty's Household.

SUPPORTERS OF THE
PALL.
Colonel the lion. Sir
C. Phipps, K.C.8.,
Treasurer to his
late Royal High-
ness.
General the Hon. C.
Grey, Private See-
'rotary to his late
Royal Highness.
Major-Gen. Wylde,
Groom of the Bed-
chamber to his late
Royal Highness.
Colonel Francis Sey-
mour, C.B.,Groom
of the Bedchamber
to his late Royal
Highness.

SUPPORTERS OF Tll 13
PALL.
Lord Waterpark, Lord
of the Bedcham-
ber to his late
Royal Highness.
Colonel the Hon. A.
N. Hood, Clerk-
Marshal to his late
Royal Highr ess. •
Lieutenant-Col. Hon.
Dudley De Ros,
Equerry to his late
Royal Highness.
Major C. T. Du Plat,
Equerry to his late
Royal Highness.

Garter Icing of Arms.
THE CHIEF MOURNER,

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS TH E; PRINCE OF WALLS,

supported by
His Royal IligLnesss Prince Arthur,
and by

His Royal Highness the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
and attended by
Major-General the Hon. R. Bruce.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.
His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Prussia.
His Royal Highness tLe Duke do Brabant.
His Royal Highness the Count de Flanslres.
His Royal Highness the Duke de Nemours.

His Grand Ducal Highness Prince Louis of Hesse.
His Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar.
His Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen.
Count Gleichea.
His Highness the M harajah Dhuleep Singh.
Equsrry Governor

be tried to the uttermost, or all his efforts be unavailing to
keep the fortress of life.
The insiduous character of this disease is always opposed
to any early and decisive diagnosis of its precise character.
Moreover, its first symptoms are common to various mild
forms of febrile disorder. It should not, however, be omitted
to note that typhoid fever, although less to be dreaded than
typhus fever, inasmuch as it is not considered to be commu-
nicable from one member of a household to another by con-
tagion, is nevertheless, in respect to mortality, equally for-
midable. The death-rates of those attacked by typhoid and
typhus fever are nearly equal, both being of a very fatal
character. If the disease by which the Prince Consort fell
was by no means of that ambiguous and usually innocent
character which popular report has assigned to it, no doubt
from misinterpretation of the necessary official reticence of
the early bulletins, so also it should be observed that the
illness was of longer duration than at first appeared. The
Prince Consort had been attacked at least a fortnight be-
fore the fatal termination. On Sunday week ho was un-
able to attend divine service—a duty he ever held as of pa-
ramount importance in his well balanced mind. On the
Monday following Dr. Jenner was summoned, and from
that time the Prince was under continuous medical advice.
It is perhaps commonly thought that, as a man of middle
age, well nourished, and of course highly cared for in all
material wants, the Prince might have been less than
usually liable to fall a victim to low fever of this kind. But
the opposite series of relations may always be predicted in ,
typhoid fever. This is a disease which has invariably
proved far more fatal to sufferers of the upper class and of
middle period of life than to patients of the poorer kind.
The unhappy issue must therefore be regarded as a source
of deep lamentation rather than of surprise. There is no-
thing in the knowncourse of the disease during the last week
of the attack to take it out of tbo ordinary character of ty-
phoid fever. The immediate cause of death is believed to
have been congestion of the lungs, as above stated. This
congestion was of course hypostatic, or gravitative, and
such as occurs in the last stages of weakness of the circula-
tion. On the other hand, there was enough of suddenness
in the immediate termination of the disease to raise the
question whether it might not have been due to ulcerative
perforation of the bowel—a well-known complication of ty-
phoid fever. But we are unaware of any facts which sufli •
ciently uphold this belief.
The melancholy occurrence must induce the profession to
revert to the former epidemic of typhoid fever which raged
severely in 'Windsor two years since. That attack was
traced by Dr. Murchison very clearly and distinctly to bad
drainage as its cause. The question has been asked whe-
ther the Castle itself is as badly drained as the town, and
whether there be anything in the drainage of Windsor
Castle which could be expected to favour the growth or
dissemination of the disease. It must be remembered that
this is one of those zymotic ailments essentially connected
in their origin with local defects of sanitary arrangements.
So close is the connection between bad drainage and typhoid
fever that Dr. Murchison has, with the assent of Dr. W.
Farr, denominated it pythogenio fever, or fever generated
by dirt. In the case of the epidemic of Windsor two years
since this was very observable. A plan of the drainage of
the Castle and town, given by Dr. Murchison in his valu•
able description of the cause of the epidemic, shows, how-
ever, that the Royal residence is directly and perfectly
drained into the Thames. It deserves, perhaps, to be
mentioned, also, that this good drainage is peculiar to the
Castle, only one half of the Royal mews participating in its
benefits. These two blocks of buildings are separated merely
by a roadway, and, while that half which has the benefit of
the Castle drainage remained free from fever, in the other
ill-drained block there occurred 30 oases of fever and three
deaths among the Royal servants.

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