The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-29 00:00:00

TRE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS

SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY.

The Royal Mail steamship Shannon, Captain Ab-
bott, with the above mails, arrived here this even-
ing. She left St. Thomas on the 14th instant. She
brings 162 passengers, 1,862,384 dols. in specie, and
1960 packages of cargo.

Intelligence from Carthagena state that General
Mosquera had obtained a decisive triumph over the
Centralist army and had occupied the city of Bogota
destroying entirely the entrenched army which de-
fended it. Generals Espir a, Posada, and Paris were
taken prisoners. Marino, Ospina, and their Presi-
dent were also prisoners.

The British ship Lord Hungerford foundered at
sea on the Ist of June. The crew were saved. The
British ship Santiago had been in collision with
another vessel off Cape Horn. Calling at the Mal-
vanas Islands she sailed for England to repair dam-
ages, her bow compartment being full of water.
There is nothing new from Chili. The commercial
crisis continued.

In Bolivia the friends of General Pelza express
dissatisfaction with the government of General
Acha. The army was being increased.
_ .

No news of interest from Peru.
Two shocks of earthquake were experienced at
Panama on the sth.

The exports of saltpetre from Iquique since
January last amount to upwards of 616,000 quintals.
At Valparaiso exchange en London, 90 days, was
quoted 441; Paris, 455; riamburgh, no transactions.
Bar silver, 15 75 per mare. Copper, dols. 17 50
per 100 lb.

At Demerara the weather was wet. A dry season
was anxiously looked for by the planters. Two
ships had arrived with immigrants from China.
Produce was scarce. Shipping abundant. The
Guiana Bank had declared a dividend for the half-
year at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum.
The crop at Barbadoes was nearly finished. It
was expected to reach 50,000 hhds. of sugar. Ex-
change, 30 days', dols. 490.
The news from Trinadad is unimportant. The
Jamaica Legislature had been prorogued pro forma
until September. The anniversary of the emanci-
pation was being celebrated peaceably and quietly.
The question of cotton growing was being prac-
tically tested, and cultivation spiritedly taken up.
Business was excessively dull. The demand for
imports was limited. The quarterly return of revenue
is £4,550 less than last quarter. The coffee crop was
nearly closed, but the supply in the market was
limited. Inferior, 425. to 445. ; mountain, 48s. to
50s. Pimento none at market. The coming crop is
small. Sugar sales at 15s. to 18s.; inferior, 12s, to
14s. Freights scarce. American gold scarce. The
banks demand 1i per cent. above the island standard
value.

Exchange on London, 90 days, ;.,t per cent. prem. ;
60 days, 1 ; 30 days, 11-.

LECTURE ON THE ORS'S 1 CONSPIRACY

BY CARLO DE RUBIO.

On Monday evening Carlo De Rudio, one of the
men who joined with Orsini in the attempt to
assassinate the Emperor Napoleon 111., in January,
1858, delivered a lecture in Birmingham on the con-
spiracy and the subsequent sufferings of the lecturer,
as a prisoner at Toulon and Cayenne, together with
his escape from the latter place in a small boat, on
the 9th of December, 1859. The attendance was
not large. The chair was taken by Mr. Henry
Dorman, who, in opening the proceedings, said he
knew the people of Birmingham would, when ad-
dressed by a man who done well for his country,
and for the world at large, listen to him, and bid
him God speed in his noble and heroic
enterprise. They had not come together in
secret to conspire, but had met openly to listen
to the history of one who had done and
suffered indescribable things, in consequence of
struggling for our common humanity ; one who
deserved well of his country, and who deserved
well of the inhabitants of Birmingham. (Cheers.)
As Englishmen it was our glory to have a stand-
up fight, to face our opponent, tell him our wrongs
and demand our rights, but he could conceive the
possibility of the case of a man, or of the case of a
nation, being such as to be driven to the very last
act of desperation, and to either have an honour-
able death or a glorious and permanent victory.
(Applause.) Mr. Dorman then entered into a long
dissertation on the character and intentions of the
Emperor of the French, suggesting as a possible
explanation of the coolness reported to exist at pre-
sent between France and Austria a desire on the
part of Napoleon to learn whether, by picking an-
other quarrel with Austria, he would be able to get
the Island of Sardinia. He concluded by introduc-
ing to the audience M. de Rudio, a young man of
pleasing appearance, who was received with loud
and prolonged applause.
M. de Rupio commenced by giving a brief sketch
of his early life up to the 14th of March, 1848,
which found him a student in the Milan Military
Academy. On that day the people of Milan rose
against the Austrians. Rudio was one of the first
Italian students to join the, insurgents, and after
five days of continuous bloodshed, the Austrians
were driven from the city, and he afterwards went
to Venice and Rome as a volunteer in the cause of
Italian liberty. After the struggle for liberty had
been defeated he joined Mazzini, by whom he was
employed on many missions of danger into the cities
held by the Austrians in Italy, of which the
reward would have been death or torture by the
Austrian police, if discovered, while if there were
other missions in which there was no danger,
and a chance of filling one's pockets out of,
why there were always good patriots ready
enough to take them. It was in 1853, when hiding
from pursuit in the Julian Alps that he first con-
ceived the idea of ridding the world of the man who
he thought had been the cause of all their troubles,
for had Napoleon not interfered in the affairs of
Rome the fire of liberty would in a short time have
made such a conflagration that all the tyrants in
Europe could not have quenched it, andltaly would
have been free, not from the Alps to the Adriatic
only, but from one end to the other. In 1854 he
was taken at Zurich by the Swiss authorities, and
for a second time expelled from Switzerland and
shipped off to England, where he arrived with six-
pence in his pocket. He suffered much, as a letter
he had written to Mazzini, asking that the Repub-
lican Committee should be directed to assist him,
was not even answered. Mazzini was thought in
England to be a true patriot, but in Italy it was
known that his motives were not pure love of his
country; while his cruelty was shown by his treating
in such a heartless manner one who had been his most
faithful and well-proved assistant. The lecturer
passed briefly over the period intervening between
the end of 1857, when Bernard met him, and he
was informed of the project of Orsini. Upon its
being agreed that if he fell his wife and child
should be cared for by the committee, he left Lon-
-1858, for Paris, where he met
don on January 9,
Orsini ; Bernard having only given him fourteen
francs and a ticket, though he had a larger sum
that he ought to have handed over. Bernard was
expected in Paris, together with some other men,
to Join in the attack, but like many men who
thought they were conspirators, and who would
join the secret societies and take the oath, when
the hour of danger came he was absent. On
the evening of the 14th of January, Orsini,
Pierre, Gomez, and himself, each having a bomb, a
poignard, and a loaded revolver, set out on their
enterprise, and though there were only four of them
instead of ten came forward, had not one of the four
been a fool, and another a coward, the " butcher of
the Boulevards" would have met his death. Pierre
got apprehended before the carriage came,
.Gomez
threw the first shell too soon, and out of time he
threw the second shell, and after about two minutes
Orsini threw the third. He (Rudio) then cocked
his revolver, and creeping towards the carriage of
the Emperor on his hands and knees, determined
that if he had escaped the shells he would shoot
' down " the curse of Rome," when he heard the
sound of approaching cavalry, and a regiment of
Lancers came rapidly along the street. To escape
being trodden under the horses' hoofs he had to stand
back-, and the carriage was at once surrounded by
troops. He (Rudio) then thought it was time to look
out for his own safety, and he went to the place of
rendezvous, but found there none of his companions.
He then went to the railway station, where he in-
tended to take the train to Bordeaux, and thence eo
by sea to Oporto, but the train had just gone. He
then went back to his hotel, where he was taken
into custody. The lecturer went into the details of
his examinations and trial with great minuteness,
and stated that it was not until the executioner had
made his toilet and he was preparing to walk to the
guillotine that he was informed his punishment had
been commuted to transportation for life. He was
afterwards imprisoned for six months at Toulon,
where he was treated in the most brutal manner by
the governor. At the end of that time he was pro-
mised his liberty on condition of giving up the
names of the other conspirators, but this he refused
to do, and he was therefore sent to Cayenne, where
he arrived in December, 1858.
At this point Rudio paused, and a man named
Thomas Wright said the subject of the lecture had
been associated by some with assassination, but

that was wrong, as it Was tyrannicide and not
assassination to destroy a man who intended to
destroy the lives and liberties of thousands of his
fellow-creatures, and it was right to take the life of
one man if it would save thousands.
The CHAIRMAN here interposed, upon which
Mr. WRIGHT said that there were " dirty tools
of tyranny in the town," who had exercised all
their influence to prevent the hall from being used
for the purpose of the lecture. The mayor and
the French consul had exercised all their influence
with the committee of the hall, but he was happy
to say they had not succeeded. (Cheers).
M. de RIIDIO then described his sufferings at the
Silver Mountain and in the Island of Salutation,
and his escape, on the 9th of December last, with.
several companions, to the English colony of Ber-
bice, whence they worked their way to London,
where he arrived on January 29. In conclusion,
he said he admitted the conspiracy, but all persons
who could see further than the limits of Britain
must know that for the Continent there was no
way to obtain liberty but by conspiracy. Ordi-
nary means were of no avail, and men might rise
by thousands only to fall into the hands of their
tyrants. It was only by revolution that free-
dom could be secured, and conspiracy was the
mother of revolution. The liberties of England,
of Switzerland, of America, had all originated
in conspiracy; and so the Italians, Germans, French,
and Russians, must obtain their liberty. The inte-
rest of European Kaisers and Kings was directly
opposed to the emancipation of their subjects, and
yet it was supported by so large a number of those
subjects that the only possible solution of the diffi-
culty was a sanguinary one. Consequently the
man who could conceive a plan of preventing a
general danger by killing one guilty party only
must be a benefactor to the human race. (Applause.)
Such was Cromwell, and such is Garibaldi ; and
feeble as was his brain, and weak as was his hand,
compared with those of the two great men he
had named, yet his motive was the same. For this
cause he had sacrificed family and freedom, and
had risked his life. Napoleon was one of the foun-
tain heads of wickedness and crime, and had he
(Rudio) succeeded in his pc. ose he would have
been honoured in life and death. He knew that the
views of many Englishmen were opposed to such
means being taken, but they should remember that
no land in Christendom had witnessed so many
martyrs for the cause of liberty as their own. He
was no partisan of assassination in the vulgar sense,
but occasionally he did approve of tyrannicide. He
admitted the principle of private vengeance only
when nationality and economy of life were at
stake; in such a cause he had done what he had
done, and in such a cause he would risk his life
anew. And he knew enough of Englishmen to
be able to say that if their country was suffer-
ing from the treacherous conduct of one individual
they would rise as one man—(applause)—and endea-
vour to exterminate him. And if Englishmen would
do that, why should not Italians, Frenchmen, and
Germans ? He and half a score others had taken
that duty upon themselves, and were they right or
not ? (Applause.) He knew their answer would be
in the affirmative. Rudio then resumed his seat.

On the motion of a gentleman in the meeting, it
was resolved that Bernard should be written to for
an answer to the charges that had been made against
him, and it was afterwards decided that, as a mark
of respec` to Rudio, a subscription should be made
at the door. The seconder of this latter proposition
stated that the reason there was not a larger audi-
ence was that detectives had been employed to
pull down the bills announcing the lecture.