The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-21 00:00:00

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PRICE. 4d.
STAMPED sd.

lordship's attention to a passage in the report of the
Roy-al Commissioners on the Thames Embankment
in 1859, in which they said—" No plan of embank-
oie the
le usiderae
embank-
ment of the Thames will be complete which does
not provide for an embankment of the south side."
cost
so
tat the
fn
auq
neudeesmtt
the
embankment
nti anotheraknxmefnort
otnh atikot
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totimhatnheepe , seehthytforu had
period
d Lookingd d
eof
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years.
were rsd e.
great out
Nw, of ,
h the determinedcontributors
a thatx,
and
to
and as the new street in their
to be made out of other funds, they
h
no benefit whatever from that tax.
e persons
district
a.
dderived
thetrict was
l south iv i living
side of the Thames there were 14 manu fa
ct
tou
rtehat
r s ,
who annually contributed £lO,OOO to the coal tax,
but up to the present time they had derived no be
Refit whatever from it. That in itself was a hard-
ship, but if they looked forward they would see that
had
otcoltag,
a
ist
nthrefuactcat
ntwhooefuylwdwhcontinue
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yt onboebte
cbioemn
taproibsbeeundtei
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tttooh
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haceromdns:
tbhuetirwoowunlddaegstgruracvtaiotne.thTeihreyprseusegngtesetveidlst,oahnisd
ltohradt.,
ship that they had been very hardly treated, and
therefore they submitted to the Government a plan
I,—.whiepol:inEt!reent might help them if they were
meat had extended the coal
nchned
;ex for ten years i'aalin.l _ _
a-ould otherwise have expired, out of Wnithich it
northern embankment was to be defrayed, and when
the bill for that purpose was presented to Parlia-
ment they suggested that a clause ,should be intro-
duced to extend that tiffiilairryarribrftei,
powering the Metropolitan Board of Works to con-
struct
an embankment on the south side, subject to
the sanction of the First Commissioner of Works,
and the scrutiny of the House of Commons. They
believed that Parliament would not object to the
further continuance of that tax, as it was purely a
metropolitan tax, to be applied to metropolitan pur-
poses. He therefore urged this subject upon his lord-
ship's attention, believing, if the coal tax was
extended for a period of five years, that sufficient
funds would be provided for the purpose of con-
structing a southern embankment. They pressed
this question on his lordship's attention on two
grounds—first, in a sanatory point of view, and
secondly, as a matter of justice, seeing they only
sought the same advantages which had not been
denied to the northern side of the metropolis.
Mr. WILLIAMS, M.P., said he wished to remind
his lordship that the Chief Commissioner of Works
(the Hon. W. Cowper) had expressed himself
favourable to an embankment on both sides of the
river. His friend Mr. Doulton had stated that
the manufacturers of Lambeth contributed annu-
ally £lO,OOO to the coal tax, and that extended
over a period of ten years would be sufficient to
make the embankment. In 10 years it would
amount to £lOO,OOO, and that would go a great way
towards meeting the cost of this great public work.
Mr. DOULTON apologised to his lordship, and said
that there was one point which he had omitted to
refer to in the course of his observations. One por-
tion of the prayer of the memorial was, that a
clause should be inserted in the bill which was to
be introduced by the Government next session, on
the question of the northern embankment, to attain
this object ; but if that was not thought advisable,
as notices had been given by private individuals for
the purpose of forming an embankment on the south
side, perhaps the Government would take up the
notices already given on this subject.
Mr. LAYARD, M.P., said that if there was to be
an embankment on the north side only, the south
side would suffer much more from flooding than it
did at the present time.
Mr. WILLIAMS, M.P., said that would most
assuredly be the case.
Mr. BRADY, M.P., said from a knowledge of the
locality he could bear his testimony to the state of
the district. Ho had witnessed, not more than 100
yards from the river, houses with from four to five
feet of water in their cellars, with vessels of all
kinds floating about, and the people themselves in
the most wretched condition. He considered that
these poor people were greatly to be pitied, and his
only surprise was that these evils had been allowed
o exist so long.

Lord PALMERSTON—There is a great deal of rea
Boning and argument in what you have said, and I
can hardly imagine that anything else was contem-
plated than an embankment for both sides of the
river, and especially so if an embankment on one
side only is calculated to entail the inconveniences
and evils which you have mentioned. I have heard
a good deal of the inconvenience which has been
suffered on the south side of the river, by the stop-
page of the streets on the shore, and by the water
getting into cellars and offices, whilst at the Home
Office, where frequent complaints were made to me;
and, therefore, such inconveniences are by no means
a new state of things to me. I agree with you that
we ought to look for some means to enable us to
complete this embankment by embanking the river
on both sides. There is no doubt that for the in-
terests of the inhabitants, it is more important:that
the river should be embanked on the south side
than on the north ; for the north is, to some extent,
an embankment of itself, on account of the height
of the ground: The only question as to the south
is as to the method of doing so, and I should like
to be informed whether you have any course to•pro-
pose, and also, whether you have made any calcu-
lation as to the expense of an embankment on the
south side corresponding with that on the north.
Mr. DOULTON—The corresponding embankment
would cost about £200,000.
Lord PALMERSTON—What is the extent of the
northern embankment ?
Mr. DOULTON—From Westminster to Black-
friars-bridge.
Lord PALMERSTON—If the coal tax is extended
for five years, will that supply funds to meet the ex-
pense of the southern embankment?
Mr. DOULTON—If the coal tax is extended for
five years we believe that sufficient funds will be
obtained for that purpose.
Lord PALMERSTON—What is the annual pro-
duce of the coal tax?
Mr. W. WILLIAMS, M.P.—About £170,000; bul
as the act of last session extends this tax for 10
years, I have made a higher calculation, as there is
reason to believe that there will be a much larger
consumption. My calculation is that a much larger
sum will be received; and we are willing to submit
to this tax , but if any further sum is required to
defray the expense, all we ask is, that a portion of
our own money may be appropriated to that okbject.
Mr. NEWMAN thought they ought to 100 the
l tax would
difficulty in the face, and that theb
to be extended
yearsh,t ucotaif the work
not yield sufficient in five
alluded to the 14
othneltotanxhoaudg
ll
manufacturers on the south side contributing
for was
1 toO ybeea rws .e Mr.
£lO,OOO annually to the coal tax, but as they had
50 or 60 iron works on that side of the river, he
could safely say that more than half that tax was
paid by those living on the south side of the river.
Lord PALMERSTON—These are matters of detail,
but I may say that I entirely agree with you in
the principle that it is desirable that an embank-
mcnt should be provided for the south side as well
as the north, but how it should be done and when
it should be done, we must leave that as a matter
for inquiry. I will communicate with Mr. Cowper,
of the Board of Works, to see how the matter
stands, but I entirely agree with you that it ought
to be carried out.
The deputation, who were highly pleased at the
result of their visit, thanked his lordship for the
courtesy with which they had been received, and
in
retired.

The iron-cased frigate Normandie made her firsi
experimental trip oil Cherbourg 011 Saturday, witll PerfQc

511CCOSO,

'OSPITAL.

The anniversary of this charity, in Hatton-gar-
den, was celebrated last evening at the Albion
Tavern, Aldersgate-street, when about 90 friends of
the institution sat down to dinner. Sir Jas. Duke,
M.P. (in the absence of Earl Russell, who was
prevented by illness from taking the chair), pre-
sided, and was supported by Mr. W. Wood, M.P.,
Mr. Gregson, M;P., Mr. Denman, M.P., the Rev.
T. Gregory, B.D. (joint founder), Mr. W. P. An-
drews, &c. After the usual loyal toasts, the Chair-
man,
in giving the toast of the evening, " Prospe-
rity to the City Orthopoedic Hospital," adverted
with much feeling to the benefits conferred upon
the poorer classes by the institution, and the tearful
gratitude evinced by parents in the humbler walks
of life, in the numerous cases in which, by the skill
of the medical officers, their deformed children had
been able to earn an honest and industrious liveli-
hood. He did not know a charitable institution
more entitled to public support than the present,
founded as it was for the cure of the nunaeriiiis—de-
formities to which the human frame was liable. The
report, signed by the Duke of Marlborough, chair.
man of the committee, was then read by Mr. S. Til-
lett, the secretary. It stated that the number of
patients under treatment during the year was 851,
the total number of afflicted cripples, &c., admitted
since the opening of the hospital, in 1851, being
8,058, The report combated the objection that all
institutions founded for the treatment of " speciali-
ties" are unnecessary and mischievous in their gene-
ral bearing of the medical profession, and indirectly
on society, by asserting that the City Orthopaedic
Hospital, and other institutions specially founded
for the treatment of bodily deformities, are indis-
pensably necessary to the general public, and that
they have also materially contributed to surgical
science. The committee add :—" As a rule, the class
if/f cases treated at orthopaedic hospitals have never
at the gt-licUred as appropriate cases for treatment
fact that hardly a ;foL, as is established by the
berreatv *fi-o—incrtriteek
pitals ; moreover, your committee are borne out in
this opinion by the experience of the ten years this
institution has been in operation, that the satisfac-
tory results they have had to record in the annual
reports were in a great measure accomplished by
the skilful application of mechanical contrivances,
under the personal direction of the medical officers,
who have to devote an amount of time to each case
altogether incompatible with the duties imposed on
the medical officers attached to the general hospi-
tals. As each ease of deformity has its peculiarities,
so also for its cure it has its special requirements.
Being, therefore, amenable to no general rule of
practice, deformities can only be successfully ma-
naged by those whose acquirements embrace consi-
derable mechanical knowledge and tact, in addition
to their general medical and surgical skill." The
committee, in conclusion, appealed for aid to enable
them to clear off the debt of £572 which rested
upon them, and compelled them to disregard the
claims of the afflicted beings who desired to become
inpatients. The subscriptions announced in the
course of the evening amounted to upwards of £6OO.

THE ETENOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The Ethnological Society commenced its sessions
last evening under the presidency of Mr. J. Craw-
furd, who read a very highly practical paper " On
the Connection between Ethnology and Physical
Geography," in which he pointed out the constant
relation met with in the barbarous or civilised con-
ditions of the races of man in proportion to the
quality of the race and the physical character of the
country to which it belonged. Mere intemperance
of climate was sufficient to prevent a race from mak-
ing any advance towards civilisation as was to be seen
in the condition of the inhabitants of the Arctic and
Antarctic regions ; while some lands, such as Spitz-
bergen and Nova Zernbla, seem incapable of
supporting human life at all. The absence of moun-
tains and large rivers, and the obstacles presented
by the great growth of forests, were exhibited in
the characters of the effete Australians, and the
tropical Andaman Islands exhibited a race of small
abject savages, among the lowest in the world,whilo
they-were at no considerable distance, on the one
hand, from the handsome and civilised Hindoos,
and on the other from the well-fed and well-clothed
Burmese. In the Southern Hemisphere New Zea-
land, with its fertile soil and high mountains, secu-
ring a perennial supply of water, presented inhabi-
tants that, of all wild races with whom the Euro-
peans had come into contact, showed themselves the
mst courageous and spirited, although they had
sprung from the effeminate people of the intertro-
pical isles of the Pacific, a difference of character
which could hardly have arisen from any other
cause than that of a comparatively rigorous climate
necessitating exertion. On the vast continent of
America, possessed of many of the essential pro-
perties requisite for a high civilisation, the progress
of civilisation had been arrested by the insuperable
barrier presented by its great forests to the feeble
efforts of savages. But its greatest defect was in
being peopled by a race below even the negro of
Africa in intellect and physical strength. The
physical deficiencies of Africa are impressed in the
debased condition of its inhabitants. The early ad-
vance of the Egyptians was consonant with the pe-
culiar fertility of their country, conferred by the
floodings of the Nile, and so throughout every great
region of the world examples were selected show-
ing the coincidences of the conditions of races
with the geographical conditions of their locali-
ties. The dominant superiority of the European
races was strongly shown in our subjugation of
India and in the dictation of the Chinese Treaty
by the Generals of a small English and French
army to the lord of 400 millions of one of the
most efficient of the Asiatic races. Of the effects
of the physical geography of a country on a race,
our own Wales and the Highlands of Scotland gave
prominent examples, for it is certain that if our
whole land. had been in the like state we never
could have become the great, populous, and opulent
people we are. The paper created a considerable
discussion, there being no less than 13 speakers.
Dr. Hunt also read a paper on the papers read be-
fore the Ethnological Section of the British Asso-
ciation at Manchester, in which he complained of
the great paucity of good papers on that occasion.
14 new Fellows were elected, viz.:—Sir W. Clay,
Sir J. T. Davies, Mr. J. Dickenson, Captain K.
Erskine, Mr. C. H. Hos, Captain D. Galton, Mr.
E. Lloyd, Lord Edward St. Maur, Mr. H. Paget,
Mr. G. Pollard, Lieut. H. C. Rowcroft, Mr. S. R.
Solly, Dr. Spence, and Mr. H. Sandwith, C.B.