The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-19 00:00:00

T H E

6, OXFORD-STREET.

Mr. LEvy, undoubtedly the best performer of the day on
the Cornet-a-Piston—Grand Selections (on the most complete
scale) from Dinorah, Martha, Stradella, &C., and other vocal
and instrumental music, by Miss Russell, the Misses Stuart,
and Miss Ernst, Messrs. Charles Greville, Fornari, Kimber-
ley', Bernard, Beaumont, Bervon, Huish, Signor Tivoli, and
Er. Henry Herbert, with full band and powerful and selected
thorns, conducted by Mr. F. Jonglimans.—The following
Comic talent, Messrs. W. Randall, J. Blanchard, W. H. Wie-
land, Hollingsworth, E. Marshall, Harvey, and French, and
the Brothers Conrad in their latest and best entertainment,
every evening. Admission, Hall, sixpence; Balcony and
Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. od.

SIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS g, 10h. 28m.—Afternoon, 11h. sm.
To-moßßow.-Itorning, 11h. 36m.—Afternoon, b. ta.

THB WEATHER...-Brx 01710 E, JUNE 19, 1861.
THEILIKOIKETER, IN THE SHADE.
72—highest since noon yesterday.:
56—Lowest this morning and during the night.
71—thig day at noon.
BAnomrrzu-30.09.
WIND—Northerly—light; with fine weather, but dull.

What will the South do with its cotton ? It has
passed the most stringent enactments to prohibit
itself from profiting by all it may grow this season ;
for this seems to us here to be the necessary effect
of its recent decree. If no cotton may be exported
but through the Southern States, under the penalty
of confiscation of the goods and a fine of 5,000
dollars, how are the Southerners to get money at
all, while food itself will be also rather scarce.
They are, indeed, providing against absolute star-
vation by sowing more Indian corn than usual, but
they will be rather short of animal food—of pork
especially—which, as well as corn, came down to
them from the North-west. If, however, pruden-
tial fear may save them from starvation,
how are they to move their troops, how
even to enlist and maintain them without
money ? And if they prevent the sale of their own
cotton, where in the world is the money to come
from ? It is easy to see the drift of this prohibi-
tion. It is intended to deprive Massachusetts
manufactories of their raw material, and also to
prevent Northern merchants from making a profit
on the exportation of their produce to Europe. By
river and rail the cotton of next season might easily
get to the North, and if it did not thus evade the
expert duty, it would yet " comfort, aid, and abet"
the Northerners, but keeping up their trade.
These legislators seem to have overlooked the fact
that they will be vastly the greater losers. The
North will lose but the profits on traffic and
manufacture, the South will lose the entire
value of its produce. The blockading squad-
rons will assuredly be on the watch
to capture every shipload of cotton which may
venture to quit any Southern port, and Massachu-
setts will perhaps be supplied by prize cargoes. It
seems to be forgotten that cotton is useless where
it is grown, except for sale. In the early days of
Virginia tobacco was used as money, but it was
because the article then was sure of easy conversion
into gold; cotton, if convertible, could of course be
used in the same way, but what will be the value
of a whole season's crop stowed away in the ware-
houses of New Orleans. For a time warehouse
warrants perhaps might pass as money,—for large
sums. But as the season went on, as India and
other places supplied
the wants of Manchester and
of Lowell too, the accummulated stocks, even when
peace returned, would be of much lessened value.
When the holders of the warrants came to present
them, they would find them but a kind of assignats,
and must be content to find them
selves mulcted
perhaps of half their money.

What, besides, is to become of their grand tax
which was to pay the interest of the loans
they have
attempted to raise, and have, we suppose,
partly
obtained ? The cotton export duty was pledged for
the payment of interest, and, eventually, of prin-
cipal too. had they provided for the payment of
this duty as it left each State by railroad or river
steamboat, they might have gained something by
their tax; but if the Northern fleets will not per-
mit them to ship it through Southern ports, and
they themselves will allow it egress by no other
means, we do not see how the cotton export duty
can bring them in a cent.

It is not from any cruel indifference to Lanea-
sbire that we express the hope that the South will
succeed in its attempt to keep its cotton. Man-
chester has an impression that the smuggler will
obey her behests and supply her wants. When
one party is beggared if he cannot sell, and the
other enriched if he can buy and get his goods
away, it 18 supposed to be a law, that interest will
laugh at c ustom houses. But cotton is a bulky
article. Jewellery, silk, tobacco, spirits, most
manufactured goods, represent great value in a small
sPaee—and when very high duties were added, the
facility, as well as the temptation, was very great.
The sight of loads of cotton at Liverpool and
Manchest( r is enough to teach us that the
article was not :made for smuggling. If,
therefore, 'the prohibition to sell across the frontier
prove effi ctive, and the ports are efficiently
blockaded, Manchester will be driven to India, and
to our othi T colonies. She will be obliged to see to
the growth and carriage of the cotton herself, and
to take suith as she can get. It would take at least
two years to quite alter the source of supply ; the
first year 'would doubtless be a trying makeshift;
but the second would be very different. The means
of cleaning and keeping clean the cotton. in India,
would by that time have been provided, when it
Vas seen how well it paid, and roads and railroads

would be pushed forward during the season with
renewed vigour. « America's failure would be
India's opportunity."

The " Essays and Reviews" are to have yet
another, and then another, advertisement. Convo-
cation has now taken them in hand. It assembled
" for business" yesterday, and after having trans-
acted a little " business," the Lower House took up
with the Essays. The Bishops' business was to
decide whether the Church was not to have one
hymn-book, just as it had one Prayer-book ; but
we certainly think their judgment wiser than
their regrets. They were very sorry that, there
being some 300 hymnbooks in use, and publishers,
and authors, and clergymen, and congregations
having all their favourite books, it would create too
much if the present liberty were interfered
with. The decision that no such attempt should be
made was, therefore, very prudent. But, for our part,
we cannot comprehend why all the ministers and
worshippers concerned should not have their pre-
ferences indulged in sacred as well as in secular
poetry. Not that we would abuse that word by
applying it to the doggerel which is to be found
in many hymn-books, or to the venerable perform-
ances of STERNHOLD and llorlaNs ; but if there be
clergymen and congregations who like pious dog.
gerel, why should Bishops interfere in such a
matter of mere taste. The Upper House finished off
day's work by disagreeing with the Lower in its
regard to the emendation of an old canon.
On the Lower House the great work of the day
devolved. Its "business" was to hear the report of
a committee appointed early this year to read,
mark, and report on the famous Seven Essays, and
to decide whether they furnished sufficient grounds
for "proceeding to a synodical judgment on the
book," The report is that such grounds do exist, and
we are promised, for to-morrow, the treat of a full
discussion of the subject. The well-known Archdea-
con DENISON was the Chairman of the committee,
and he had done his duty with at least commend-
able diligence. Five principal heads of accusation,
with double as many subordinate heads, and a long
appendix of quotations, show that the Arehdeacon
undertook a labour of love. He knows what it is
to be hunted as a sacramental heretic, and he now
enjoys the pleasure of doubling on the too liberal
heretics, and successful enough he has been, at least
till the other side is heard. An amusing little
discussion followed as to the mode of procedure.
The Archdeacon was for decisive proceedings, and
moved—" That in the opinion of this house there
are sufficient grounds for proceeding to synodical
judgment upon the book entitled ' Essays and
Reviews,' and that the above resolution be commu-
nicated to the Upper House, together with a copy
of the report of the committee." Another follo wed
with an amendment to send the report to the
Upper House, and promise attention to any
advice of their spiritual superiors. An
Archdeacon, whose name was a guarantee
for something pleasant and soothing, a Mr.
HONEY, proposed to move as an amendment,
" That it is not expedient under any circumstances
to revive the power of synodical judgment as re-
gards authors or books." Others wished to com-
mence at once the worrying of the heretical seven ;
the Dean of ELY, of course, counselled moderation,
he deprecated very much the condemnation of a
book, by "extracts from which in other cases the
most lamentable results had followed. Casting his
eye cursorily over the report, he could at once
see some conclusions to which he thought it
would be most deplorable if they committed
themselves, and to which they would be
committed if they adopted the report—conclusions
which appeared to him false and very unfair to
form from the book. He thought it would be con-
sistent neither with propriety nor with the dignity
of the house if, after having the report placed in
their hands this morning, they professed to be pre-
pared to enter at once upon its consideration." An-
other GAllALlEL—Archdeacon MooßE—gave them
wise advice ; he believed that the book was dying
away day by day out of public estimation, and he
thought that everything they did to keep it
under public notice was mischievous ; and he might
with propriety have quoted the words of the
great Jewish doctor, at whose feet an apostle him-
self had sat. Canon WORDSWORTH contended that,
on grounds of Christian charity, the authors should
have an opportunity of defending themselves.
Some of them no doubt had come to the knowledge
that their arguments were sophistical, and that
their new light, so to speak, was only ancient dark-
ness. All ended, however, with a resolution "that
the Upper House should be informed of the presen-
tation of the report, accompanied by a request that
the Lower House should proceed to its considera-
tion," which the Lower House is to do tc-morrow.

Another Tuesday's sitting lost by a count-out
As if there were nothing to do in Parliament. Or
as if yesterday were the middle of March, rather
than the eve of Midsummer. Public business cer-
tainly begins to accumulate rather alarmingly
upon the hands of our legislators. Those who love
a political battue at the end of a session have a
tolerably fair prospect before them of not being
disappointed. The Massacre of the Innocents
threatens in fact to require its accomplishment in
1861 wholesale. Otherwise that mere massacre must
carry us on far beyond the grouse shooting. The
Committee appointed to sit early in this unfortunate
session must assuredly be allowed by this time to
have been recognised as signally and ignominiously
abortive—that Committee,out of whose deliberations
was to have emerged some wonderfully efficacious
device for expediting public business and economis-
ing public time. Never was there a more flagrant or
a more ludicrous anti-climax than that which has—
since the presentation of the report of that
Committee —marked the much-talking, and
the often-dividing, 4nd the little-doing of the
rlemmpaerrliaalblLe,egitisvilaitiuir% The
session of 1860 was
remembered, as the session
wti utterly fruitless
be recollected 11
of protracted and for the mostp
part
discussions. The session of 1861
as one unredeemed in its character even by that
questionable peculiarity. It lacks the merit even
appertaining to a session that has contrived to con
tribute a series of interesting debates to Hansard.
The time of the Legislature has been this year
rather fribled and pottered awayt inar iodulemteanlktatn.
thanio
wasted upon futile but eloquent
Not one speech of note has been delivered in the
Lords or in the Commons since the Houses met in
February. And as to the " doings "
of the
Legislature, we know only too painfully how
those dwindle upon examination to something only
just barely short of nonentity. At the meeting
of Parliament there was a tacit understanding
upon all sides that but little would be done before
the close of the session. But even the least san-
;uine as to the character of the dawning session
scarcely went so far in their lugubrious anticipa-
tions as to expect that scarcely anything at all
would be attempted, and that even that infinitesi-
mal modicum of work when adventured upon with
half a heart, certainly from first to last without
what the sailors call " a will," would be frittered
away, and tossed aside, and forgotten in the
eareless affectation of an effort at its accom-
plishment. Of all which the Coalition Government
and the Tory Opposition may divide the glory pretty

equally among themselves. Not but what the
Ministry must bear (by reason of their official posi-
tion) the brunt of the blame accompanying the
visible evidences of responsibility. Yet, while
the members of the Government must perforce
be held, first of all, blameworthy because -of
the vapid and fruitless character of the present
session of Parliament, the Opposition must cer-
tainly net be allowed to pass by free from all
reprehension. The Opposition, in point of fact, is
invested with a responsibility only second to that
appertaining to the members of the Govern-
ment. It is the duty of the Oppo-
sition, in common parlance, to keep the
Cabinet up to the mark in the way of practical
legislation by the exercise of one moiety of its func-
tions as an Opposition. The other moiety alone,
however, has almost exclusively been called into
play since the members of the Lords and Commons
came together in February. The repressive, and
not the incentive, powers of the Opposition having
been directed of late to the regulation of the labours
of Parliament. Insomuch that the Innocents have
many of them been coolly murdered in detail all
through the session, by way, we suppose, of getting
the hands of our legislators well Kin" betimes to the
work of the now fast coming autumnal massacre.

A double barrelled literary rifle has recently fired
off two " paper bullets"—rolled into one in the very
act of discharge—as a sort of feu de joie in honour
of the Volunteers.
An excellent little treatise, in other words, has
recently been published by the Messrs. Longmans,
a brochure* entitled " The Volunteer in the Field,"
written conjointly by Captain PALLISER, of the
Eighty-second Regiment, and Captain NANGLE, of
the Royal Artillery. In the course of their argu-
ment those " brothers-in-arms," our fraternal pam-
phleteers, throw out some admirable suggestions.
While paying a well-merited tribute (a tribute all
the more valuable coming as it does, in their in-
stance, from skilled military critics) to the magni-
ficent movement of the Rifle Volunteers. Several
of these suggestions appear to us, as sympathisers
in the cause represented by our Volunteer Riflemen,
so really and practically excellent in themselves
that we are desirous cf directing attention to the
pages in which they originally make their appear-
ance.

The Volunteer Movement has by this time as-
sumed to itself such an aspect at once of perma-
nence and of magnitude, that it becomes a source of
patriotic solicitude to ensure it in every possible
way the largest amount of advantages that can be
insured to it—without militating against the inte-
grity of its distinguishing character as a VOLUN-
TEER Movement. When General PEEL insisted
some time back that all our warlike
forces indiscriminately are essentially, every
man jack of them (not a jot less than
the members of our various Rifle Corps) " Volun-
teers"—the right hon. ex-Minister of War applied
the phrase to Army and Navy half literally, half
figuratively. Volunteers, without doubt, both our
blue jackets and our red coats, are without a drill
as contradistinguished from those foreign navies
which are still manned by pressed men, and from
those continental armies which are raised to this
day through the terrible agency of the inexorable
conscription. But Volunteers in the same sense in
which our riflemen are Volunteers, neither the crews
of her MAJESTY'S ships nor the contingents of her
MAJESTY'S regiments can for a single moment affect
to be. Receiving pay as they do from the QUEEN'S
Government, they cannot obviously assume to them-
selves, in the fullest meaning of the phrase, the
character peculiarly belonging to the members of
our numerous rifle corps, the character expressed
in their own distinctive title as Volunteers, as the
Volunteers ! The latter, in fact, have hitherto
been entirely—self supporting. They have hereto-
fore received no further aids from the Government
than—theirrecognition in the first place as the new-
born National Guard of England, and in the next
the presentation, to each man, of his rifle ! But
very recently—with a view simply to secure to the
National Movement here referred to that character
of permanence which we must all desire to see
attached to it for the sake of the old
Fatherland the Question has been raised
in the House of Commons whether—with-
out running any risk of destroying its cha-
racter as a volunteered and self-supporting addition
to the defences of the country—this now consider-
able body of Volunteer Riflemen might not be more
securely kept together and sustained in its general
organisation by the according to it of some supple-
mentary assistance from the Imperial Government.
The result we all know—the result of the late tem-
perate discussion of this `really delicate and some-
what momentous question in the popular branch of
the Legislature. Our Volunteers the Commons de-
cided—most wisely, most judiciously—must receive
at no time in any shape, as pay, one bronze farthing,
one doit, or stiver from the national Exchequer. It
was felt instinctively by every one that the dis-

tinctive character of our Volunteers would at once

evaporate and vanish so soon as payment in hard
coin for service should pass into the hands of our
Riflemen from her MAJESTY'S Treasury. Rifles
they may still receive, as they have already re-
ceived, with dignity—materiel of one kind or an-
other they may yet accept from the Government
without in any respect derogatory from their cha-
racter as Volunteers or diminishing their sense of
independence. But Pay—Never ! In fact every one
sees the matter distinctly in this light. The house
has so decided—in accordance with that unanimous
recognition. And there an end. There an end at
least to the question as to hcw far the State can
advance to the aid of the Volunteers practically
without destroying or in truth injuring in any
imaginable way their character as Volunteers.
There yet remain, however, still to be thought
of, and to be answered, a great variety of questions
as to the manner in which the Rifle Corps now
existing in the United Kingdom can secure to them-
selves a permanent position in the land, how far
they may be enabled to secure this to themselves
by the mere form and manner of their internal or-
ganisation. It is with a view to aid them in the
thatdiscussion
Capts. o f
pt
Ah
Le
Ls el reallyaE R
andN
importantAN GLu
haveconsiderationstogether
appeared before the Riflemen of England in their
pd oa umbpl
he
le teehearrsa.
confronting the Volunteei
eter as military critics and as
Foremost among the difficulties
Riflemen in England
there it one so frequently a source of annoyance, and
of costly annoyance, as it may be termed into the
bargain, necessitating as it does unnecessary waste
of both time and money—a vexation indeed so no-
torious among Riflemen that it scarcely requires to
be particularised. Allusion is made here of course
to the "unexpected calls," to the "extraordinary
calls" to which the members of our Rifle Corps all
over the country are perpetually being sub-
jected—calls always so " unexpected," and
often, in truth, so " extraordinary." " IVe are
of opinion"—say our pamphleteers (pp. 12, 13)
" We are of opinion that an effectual remedy for
this evil may be found in the substitution of ore
yearly concentration of the Volunteer Corps who

" The Volunteer in the Field." By Captain E. Pal-
liser, 82d Regiment, and Captain Nangle, Royal Artil-
lery, Biro., pp, 50, Longman and Company, 1861.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 1881.