The Sun.
London, England, 1857-08-03 00:00:00

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close the doors directly it begins to get warm, but
the thermometer will stand at 90 and 92. I see
the men of th, 64th and 84th, and, in faa:t, a'l regi-
ments just arrived, are clothed in the tunic, the
same as they wear at home. Fancy what the heat
must be, fancy the discomfort ; and then the cloak
and 60 rounds of ammunition ! I cannot help feel-
ing for them. The men suffered frightfully out in
the Crimea from the weight put on theirbacks, but
what, must it he in a much hotter, and more trying
climate in every way ! It is such ahlurd folly,
dressing a man here as he would be at home, when
the very sight of a cloth coat gives an unpl-asaut
sensation. I would let them wear the tunic in the
cold weather, but to put a min in one in June in
India is crue', and not only cruel, but bad policy
fee. the men must suffer from it, and the first duty
of a General is to bring his men fresh into the battle
field ; and how can a man be fresh after a march
of oven 10 miles with such oppressive clothing
and such a thing as that shako is to wear of a hot
day ? I would give a man a white smookfrock to
wear in cantonments, where he might get it washed,
but in the field lie should have a coloured one, so as
not t. require a clean one daily. In the small river
ate naere Lhe na.n are being sent up country in (packed
like sardines( they still stick to the tunic. I suppose it
is in orders from the Horse Guards. I told you
in my last of two men being struck down from the
sun, proceeding up in the bullock carts. Since
then I have heard that others have suffered fright-
fully, and at a time when the life of every man is
of so mach consequence ; and when is it not ?
The people at. home howl about a murderer being
strung up. They can look on and see their sol-
diers sacrificed with complacency.
" 17th, Tuesday.—l went to bed late on Satur-
day night, and was woke up at 2 on Sunday
morning with orders to assemble. On. going to
parade I found it was feared the troops at Barrack-
pore were going to bra ak out, and march either o❑
thss or Dumdum. We set out immediately on the
Barrackpore road, accompanied by 500 men of the
37th Foot, which had arrived the day before from
Ceylon. We marched up the road 9 miles, and
there halted for the day. On Sunday afternoon
the troops at Barrackpore were disarmed, as also
all here. They delivered up their arms quietly.
At 12 on Sunday night an express reached us from
the Governor-General directing a party to be sent
back to Calcutta instanter. I mounted immedi-
ately, and cantered in within the hour and went to
the fort, where I found a force assembling to
march to Garden Reach for the purpose of taking
the King of Oucle prisoner. It was to be a surprise
on our part, and so it proved. We got there at
4 o'clock, surrounded his grounds directly, and had
the good fortune to find all at home. We were
rather afraid he would get news as to what was
going on, but we went down quietly and the sur-
prise was complete. I was ahead of the party with
my men. His Prime Minister and the whole
batch, papers and all, were seized.
" All Sunday there was a tremendous panic in
Calcutta. Many people went on board the ships,
and others had their carriages at their doors to be
ready to start at a moment's warning. We have
volunteer guards now, cavalry and infantry. They
go the rounds at night and look brave. The 3lth,
in the short march of nine miles, the other night,
suffered very much, and they had only been but
six days on board ship from Ceylon. It was the
death of one captain. The men had the small
forage cap, fit only for the b ►crack-square in Eng-
land—no protection whatever from the sun. They
had white jackets on, I was glad to see ; but even
then the heat was so great that the crossbelt was
wet through from perspiration.
'• 18th.—Yesterday we heard of the murder of
Sir Norman Leslie. He married a sister of Mrs.
Macmullen's, and I think his wife is in Eng-
land. He was taking tea in the evening with
his Commandant and doctor, when three Sepoys
rushed upon them and kiiled Leslie and severely
wounded the two others. We also heard that
Colonel F►sher, who has commanded the 15th
Irregular Cavalry for many years, has been killed
by his own men. I knew him well, and if any
man in-the country deserved to escape it was he.
He was so particularly kind and considerate to his
men—he was like a father to them."

TT 'Dr
•
reception and application •of.
times to the laid, and ,Vir thpfl' st.tbselyfiaittr '
moval of the HOW, or fcit'4l.*l4,nitag,.l44oll-1111
river at some unobjectisnia,ite \
quire I for irrigation ; thalvithia ceir*-- 4 •
addition to the arrangement's f..:lo:air„.igu*rir,l .ier
outfall sewer, almost as extrtmicen4 -as
would be requir6d without irifgation ; and that a-,
means of placing the sewage in the river in an
unobjectionable place would, under all ciroubs.
stances be required during rain. Tnat, lolking to-
the character of the'dittrints-near the metro-pelf*,
it would be extremely difti.suit to find large and
detached areas where it would be puss ble, by
agreement with individuals, te guarantee the con=
ht an t reception of even a .mjil quantity of the
Loudon sewage. While we think it may be a ques-
tion whether irrigation ou a Targe-S"Cale-ndeit not
ocoasion danger to the health of the. inhal.i,aets of
such districts by the pollution of the air of tho dis-
trict as well as of its springs and streams.
" 6. That, ender these circumstances, and hiv-
ing regard to the inexpediency of insking the ques-
tion of Vie effectual drainage of the meuop dis de-
pendent on commercial, cons,d.erationv, the only ,
pravicalile mode of disposing of the sew,ig of :the
metropolis is to provide for its rapid removal from:
inhabited districts, and for its collection in main
channe's, where private enterpri,e, under
proper control, may be at libeity to utilize it ; but
that, when not required for purposes of wiliz.ttion,
these channels should provide for its flow in the
most expeditious manner into the sea.

THE MAIN DRAINAGE OF LONDON.

The following are the " Conclusions" at which
the gentlemen to whom was referred the conside-
ration of the plans proposed by the Metropolitan
Board of Works ban.arrived
"CoNcrxrsiorrs.

"I.

" 1. That the sewage to b removed being very:
large in amount, it is not desirable, for this and for
other reasons stated in the report, that it, should be
conveyed from both sides of the river to true out-
fall.
" 2. That the proposed outfall at B* in Erith
Reach is objectionable, because it would not effec-
tually prevent the sewage from returning within
the limits of the metropolitan boundary ; because
it would have a d&eterious effect on the ho lth of
the district ; and because it would probably be pre-
judicial to the navigation.
" 3. That the best outfall on the north side is a
place between Mucking Lighthouse and Thames
Haven, in Sea Reach ; and VIM the best outfall on
the south side is Higham Creek, in the Lower
Hope.
"4. That in order to inteeeept the sewage of s
large area, a level should be adopted a little above
that -of the highest tides—viz., five feet above
Trinity high-water' mark, as the level from which
the sewage should gravitate at the River Lea on
the north side and the River Ravenabourno on
the south side ; that the sewage should flow thence
into main outfall channels ' • and that in the ma.n
outfall channels use should be made of tidal water
near the metropolis to assist the flow and to effect
at the same time the dilution of the sewage.
"5. That the area from which the sewage
would be so intercepted aril removed, without
having recourse to artificial means in the metro-
politan districts, is about 81 square miles ; and
the area from which the sewage would be lifted is
nearly 38 square miles.
"6. That with reference to tho other districts
for which these sewers would provide, the pepula-
tion is very large ; but that the actual amount of
sewage which would be intercepted and removed
without arificial means cannot be accurately de-
fined without further levels.
"7. That the cost of the min outfall sewers will
be 3,144,3001.. and the cost of the internal system
of intercepting sewers in the metropolitan district
will be 2 292 •1
965/ and the total cost 5,437,265/.
That if the outfall channels were not carried be-
yond B* in Erith Reach the expense would be re-
duced by a sum of 1,719,3001.
"8. That, taking into consideration the magni-
tude of construction, and having a due regent to
economy, the works should occupy at least five
years in construction.
"9. That all the towns awl villages in the line
of the main outfall sewers should discharge their
sewage into these channels instead of allowing it to
pass through the marsh drains into the river.
" 10. That these districts round the metropolis
which make use of the main outfall channel" should
contribute towards the cost of constructing and
maintaining these channels in proportion to the
number of inhabitants which the d.lstricts respec•
lively bear to the whole population betrefited, and
in proportion to the length of channel made use of
by the districts respectively.
"11. That the pollution of streams by sewage
throughout the whole country is an evil which is
increasing with improved hous- -drainage, and that
it very desirable that the attention of the Legis-
lature should be directed to the subject with a
view to devising means for remedying the evil.

" 1. That the influence of the sewage on the river
is pernici,ius.
2. That this sewage is derived partly from the
population of the me ropolitan district, and partly
from the population of other districts, occupying
the same part of the main valley of the Thames, or
of valleys subsidiary to that main valley ; and that
the quantity of sewage for the metropolitan dis-
trict alone, which flows daily into the Thames at
the present time, is 15,249,777 cubic feet.
" 3. That in order to purify the tidal portion of
the Thames from sewage it will be necessary to ex-
clude from it not only the sewage of the metropo-
litan district, but the sewage from these other adja-
cent district-I.
"4. That the plan of the Metropolitan Board of
Works does not provide for the rem tval of a suffi-
cient quantity of sewage from the metropolitan dis-
tricts ; that th- amount of rainfall which it is con-
templated by this plan to intercept from the river
should be increased; and that the plan does not
make adequate provision for removing from dis-
tricts adjacent to the metropolis the sewage which
flows into the river within the limits of the metro-
politan district.
" 5. That the prospective population of the me-
tropolitan district, for which provision should be
made, is 3,578,089, as compared with 2,362,236 in
1851 ; the population of the subsidiary districts be-
ing 401,000 as compared with 154,068 in 1851; the
totAl prospective population being 3,979,089. That
the only mode of estimating approximately the pro-
bable amount of sewage from the district is to as-
sume a certain quantity per head of the population.
That 7 cubic feet per head is the amount for which
provision should be made; that it appears from our 1
experiments that half this quantity passes off in
eight hours ; and that no sewage should be'permit-
ted to flow into the Thanes in or near the metro-
polis until it shall have been diluted with five ad-
ditional volumes of rain water in the suburban dis-
tricts, and that in the eight hours of the maximum
flow of the sewage provision should be made for re-
moving two fifths inches of rainfall in the urban

„
” In conclusion,lwe would impress upon you our
decided conviction that if the Tnamcs is to be com-
pletely purified no plan less comprehensive than
the one which we have suggested will effect this
object. The estimated expense of this plan is con-
siderable, and some improvement upon the exist-
ing state of things might possibly he obtained for
a smaller outlay ; but a diminution in the dimen-
sions of the sewers does not proportionately .dit •
minish the cost of their constriction ; and, more-
over, the increase of population which is so rapidly
taking place 41 every direction round the mettopo-
lis would necessitate-therextension of any less com-
prehensive plan than the one which we have sug-
gested at no very distant period.
" Having thus laid before you the facts which we
have obtained and our conclusions thereon, it only
remains for us to explain that, in consequence of
the very limited time which has been allotted to
us for inquiring into this extensive subject, the
difficulties of which have increased at every step,
we have been precluded from entering as fully as
we should have wished into many investigations
connected with it, and we trust that this will be
our excuse for the omissions which may be found
in our report. At the same time we beg to take
this opportunity of expressing our obligations to
those gentlemen who have largely afforded us the
assistance of their experience and knowledge ; and
we are especially to thank the Metropolitan Board
of Works, and their engineer, Mr. Bazalgette, for
their unvarying courtesy and for the great readiness
with which they have afforded us information.

" We have, &c.,
" DOUG LAS GALTON.
" JAMES SIMPSON.
" THOS. E. BLACKWELL.
" The Right Hon. Sir Benj:imin Hall, M.P.,
First Commissioner of Her Majesty's
Works arid Public Buildings "

I DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION.-
NEARLY FORTY LIVES LOST.

dittricts.
" 6. That the large population of the portion of
the main valley of the Thames, occupied by the
metropoli'an district, has so diverted the natural
springs, and so saturated the ground with sewage,
that wlt!i the exception of the water from theWau-
d!e, the BavelPy Brook, the llivrensbourne, and the
Les, it is imptaeticabie to preserve, to any useful
extent, pure water from these streams to flow into
the Thames.

ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE, FRIDAY EVRNING.

" 11.

This colliery district has been thrown into a state of
much excitement and alarm by an awful explosion at
the pit of Messrs Kenwoithy and Brooks, in Moseley-
road, about half a mile from this town. The catastrophe
took place shortly after one o'clock this afternoon. As
soon as the awful event was made known, ten brave fel-
lows from a neighbouring colliery volunteered to go
down. They penetrated about 250 yards down the in-
cline when they had to retire. They only found fire
bodies, two of which, George a•id Robert Thomson,
father and son, have only as yet been identified. It is
computed that there were at least 40 in the pit, all of
whom have perished.

ASHTON, SUNDAY.
By four o'clock this afternoon 31 bodies bad been re-
covered from the pit, and as eight persons are still miss-
lag, the estimated number of lives lost is now increased
to 39.
There are still 40 men constantly engaged in explor-
ing the mine, and it is thought probable that the whole
of the bodies may be recovered during the night. The
greatest precautions are necessary to avoid the after.
damp, but there is otherwise not much. obstruction.
It is now thought that the explozion took place almost
at the extremity of the workings.

" 1. That no system of drainage is adapted for the
metropolis which does not relieve the low level dis-
tricts from floods, and that the system which is
adopted must therefore provide for intercepting the
upland drainage ; and that,with a view to economy
and to freedom from risk of floods, the area from
which the sewage should be removed by natural
means should be as large as possible, and the area
from which the sewage should be removed by arti-
ficial means should be as small as possible.
"2. That the sewage, when collected, must
removed
ore
removed with as little practical inconvenienocf
the
injury as possible, either to the inhabitants
metropolis or to the inhabitants of the districts to
which it is conveyed. •
"3. That the so-called deodorisaticoinhieof
does not remove the bighl soluble
and
hpiuehtrepsasses
off;
constituents from the liquid.;
that, conquently, the liquisawmaefter deodorisation,
manner as ordi-
must be disposed of in tht ewe
do not believe that
nary sewage water ; tha
the deodurisation of Lon don sieswaange could be car-
ried on without creating
plan would be effectual with the . ce ; and that no
increased volume
arising from rain.
"4. That the value of the fertilising matter con-
tained in Lond,ai sewage is undoubtedly great, but
tat the large quantity of water with whif.di it is
diluted precludes the possibility of separating more
than about one-seventh part of this fertilising mat-
ter by any known economical process ; that a copi-
, ous dilution of the sewage is necessary to the health
of the inhabitants of the metropolis ; and that
• therefore the sacrifice entailed by the dilution must
be endured.

REFUSAL OF THE PERSIAN GOVERNXENT TO Ever)Uaill
HERAT.—We have good reason to believe that intelli-
gence of our Indian troubles ha l reached Herat and
Teheran, and has had the effect there that might be
expected. The Indian papers mention that information
had been received at Bushire that the Persian Com-
maiidant at Herat, has refused to evacuate that place,' or
acknowledge the treaty. It is said that a messenger
has been despatched by Mr. Murray, and has reached
Trebizond, who will convey to our Government a dis-
tinct intimation that the terms of the late treaty. as
regards Herat have no chance of being fulfilled. The
affair may very well tide over for the present, but as
soon as the wretched mutineers are disposed of in India,
and sufficient force is collected in Peshawar, it would
be a wise step to advance at once from thence upon
Herat, and dispose of that place as may be deemed
best. Such a measure would do more to restore our
prestige than hundreds of protocols and proclamations.
—Smith, Elder, and Co.'s Homeward Mail.
notice of
OATHS TAKEN BY MEMBERS.--The
motion, given by Lord John Rus,stL, gtaken into
owns the firet thing
consideration by the House of
and 6 Will. IV., c. 62, is
consider whether the Act
. ted
to be taken by
this day, viz., That a selectscon:nittee be appointed to
previously to their
members of this house at thetable,
applicable to oaths appointed
and in what manner the said act can
taking their seats, byl
th • b thereupon
and to report air o Sf rva ions
be so applied,
to the house :
That the committee do consist of the
o flowing twenty-five members Viscount Palmerston,
following
George Grey, Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Walpole, Sir John
Peking
t v Lord John Russell, Sir James Graham, Mr.
Gladstone, Mr. Attorney General, Mr. Solicitor General,
Sir Frederick Tbesiger. Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Lord Stanley,
Mr. Horsman, Mr. Henley, Mr. Roebuck, Mr. Matins,
Mr. Headlam, Mr. Attorney. General for Ireland, the
Lord Advocate, Mr. Dillwyn, Mr. Napier, Lord Robert
Grosvenor, Mr. Whiteside, Mr. Cobbett, sad all gentle
Ma of the long robe members of this house.

"5. That the application of sewage to land,
although it may give good results under favourable
circumstances, and where it can be applied by gra-
vitation over limited areas, cannot be expected to
afford similar results in or near the metropolis,
where the sewage would have to be raised to a
great height, as this entails a very prime cost and
very heavy annual charges; that even if irrigati(!r:
be assumed to be remunerative, no systera would
4:3 complete which did not provide either for the