The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAVIEV ENING, JANUARY 19, 1861

and ask ourselves what in case of fratricidal war
will be the probable result.

In such contests physical strength is of course the
first thing generally looked at; and taking all con-
siderations into account, it would at first sight seem
to be the umpire of any warlike struggle, but a
moment's reflection recalls to our minds that intel-
ligence and courage have from the beginning of
the world's history proved their infinite superiority
to all degrees of more physical strength. Nor need
we go back to MARATHON and SALAMIS, the
achievements of a COCHRANE and a GARIBALDI in
our own days, and scores of like cases of genius
triumphing over tremendous odds crowd upon our
thoughts. On this point, however, we could know
little till the progress of the contest revealed its man.
We may therefore set it aside from the calculation,
though it is hard to believe that the educated
and intelligent North, replete as it is with every
stimulus to mental energy, should not be far more
prolific of generalship as it is of every other intel-
lectual quality. While we omit military genius,
therefore, from the account, we can scarcely doubt
where most of it would be found. -
The next consideration is in reality quite as im-
portant, and here the advantage is all with the
Free States. We mean the cause to be fought for.
GARIBALDI'S cause was as important for his success
as his genius. The inspiration of battling for the
liberty of their country against the hated oppressor

made his army of raw youths more than a match

for hosts of fierce mercenaries. We may well sup-
pose that the Southern men make themselves believe
their cause a good one—but the men of the North
know theirs to be so. It requires no tampering
with conscience to enjoy the faith that extension
of slavery ought to be repressed ; and that is the
present creed of the North. It demands the subver-
sion of all Christian instincts to believe in the right
of property in man, and to think slavery an insti-
tution of Heaven ; and that is the creed of the South.
No artifice can make this professed creed a faith.
Think of dying for slavery ! A man must be an
atheist not to shudder at the thought of entering
eternity in the cause of the slave market, the slave
gang, the cartwhip, the cat-o'-nine-tails—in the
cause of slavery. Poor vacillating Mr. BUCHANAN
was obliged in his message to hunt up some excuse
for the belligerent spirit of slaveholders ; and it was
that, in every home, families trembled for the safety
of the domestic altar. But why did they tremble ?
Was it, notwithstanding their having given to their
black servants that which was just and equal, or,
was it because they knew that they were habitually
perpetrating against them a crime not less hateful
to GOD and man than murder itself ? It is the
ghost of murdered liberty which is the BANQUO of
the slaveholder. And, amidst all the madness of
the conflict, the heart of the bravest will quad
when he thinks of his cause. We know the vile
pulpit of the South has done its best to sanctify
slavery in repayment:for planters' dollars; but the
voice of even the Southern pulpit would falter in
raising the battle cry, " The sword of the LORD
and of slavery."
The Southerners would fight fiercely, no doubt.
CATALINE and his crew did that; Bosco and his
crew did at Melazzo. A consciously bad cause
ofttimes makes devils of men. But fury is only a
blind courage. It dare not meet the eyes of the
self-possessed hero of a noble cause. And the mad,
murdering wrath of slaveholders will be no match
for the cool bravery of men who were inspired
with the sure belief that all Heaven and all the
good on earth were on their side, and if they fell
would honour their memory.
But to come to the more tangible—for it will,
at least, be conceded that the South can have no
superiority either in its cause or in the mental
capacity to do battle for it—the North has unques-
tionably the advantage in men and in means. As
to the area of each, before the admission of Minne-
sota and Oregon the Slave States had the advan-
tage, if advantage it be, of extent of territory.
Since then, in round numbers, the Free States
comprise 634,000,000 acres, and the Slave States
540,200,000. The example of our own country,
however, compared with others—with Russia, for
instance—tells us that extent of territory, and
even number of population, are imperfect
tests of capability for a military struggle.
Density of population, and wealth, and mechanical
resources must be taken into account. How do
we find all this in comparing the North and the
South. First, the absolute amount of the popula-
tion of the former is much larger. In 1850, it was
6,200,000 in the Slave States, and more than double,
13,450,000, in the Free. While, for the last year,
the estimate is 7,680,000 in the Slave States and
21,230,000 in the Free, almost treble. The slaves
and free coloured men, about 4,000,000, we have not
included, for the obvious reason that the strength of
the South is inversely in proportion to their num-
bers. As to density of population, and correspond-
ing capacity for combined and rapid action—in
1850, in the Free States, the inhabitants were, as

nearly as possible, 22 to the square mile; in the
Slave States the white inhabitants were but a
fraction more than half that number !

We are all aware that the North is the great seat
of mechanical manufactures, indeed we suppose
all the munitions of war used by the Federal
Government and the States' Governments, too,
are the work of the North. The South must
buy them there or elsewhere. The North

is self sufficient. But the South perhaps can buy
elsewhere ? Let us see. We noticed the other day
that the Government of Alabama proposed at once

;o stop cash payments, and take for state purposes

the silver and gold in the banks, and that South
Carolina could not easily raise a loan of £BO,OOO.
We may add that the wealth of the two sections is
in about the proportion which such a state of things
suggests. Setting aside the value of negroes—since
their labour is dearer than that of freemen, and if
admitted into the calculation of property, the value
of the free labour in the North should also be
credited on that side—oaiitting the negroes then,
the value of real and personal property is in the
Free States. £820,434,421
Slave States £267,218,127

Lord and Lady John Russell and family will
arrive in Chesham-place on Thursday next, from Pembi7re
Lodge, Richmond-park, for the season.
Lord and Lady Norreys will leave Nuneham
Park on Monday, from Towneley Hall, Lancashire.

Lord and Lady Eustace Cecil have arrived in
town from Hatfield House. His lordship has taken a
residence in Belgrave-square for the season.

The marriage of the Lady Milford, widow of the
late Lord Milford, and daughter of the Earl of Wicklow,
with the Hon. Mr. Eyre, will take place after Easter.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in
;own yesterday, from Hawarden Castle, Chester.

The Right Hon. Frederick Peel has taken a
mansion in Chesham-place for a term of years. Mr. and
Mrs. Peel are at present occupying the Countess of Cale-
don's residence on Carlton-house-terrace.

His Excellency Lord Napier is expected to
arrive at 31,Dover-street, next week, from the Hague.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury have
been entertaining their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess d'Aumale, and a select circle, at Hatfield during
the week.

Viscount Palmerston will pass through town to-
day, from Broadlands, on a visit to her Majesty, at Windsor
Castle.

Mr. G. V. Brooke will leave Melbourne in Feb-
ruary, and upon his arrival in England appear at the
Theatre Royal, Drury-lane, where he is engaged by the
enterprising lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.—Era.

The steamer with the outgoing India and China
mail will take £214,606, of which £3OO is for Alexandria,
£25,000 on aecount of Government for the Mauritius,
£98,003 for Calcutta and Madras, and £91,303 for China
and the Straits. £45,822 is in gold and £168,784 in silver.
The Government of Victor Emmanuel has de-
termined to issue a new bronze coinage, which is to be
struck in Milan. The number of coins required is far
greater than the amount of our own coinage of bronze now
executing. Messrs. Ralph Heaton and Sons, of the Mint,
Birmingham, have obtained the contract, and had to pro-
duce 732,000 pieces per day, commencing on the Ist of
April, 1861.
The report of the National Discount Company,
preparatory to their meeting on the 23d Inst., states the
profits for the half-year at £13,134, which, With a previous
balance of £5,014, gives an available total of £18,148. A
dividend is recommended at the rate of 5 per cent. per an-
num, which will absorb £9,633, and leave £8,514, to be
carried to the reserve fund, This fund will then amount
to £34,503, but it has yet to be debited with £26,336, to
meet the losses from the failures in the leather trade.
The report mentioned on Thursday that the Bank
of France had effected some new arrangement to meet its
present requirements has been confirmed by an announce•
ment yesterday afternoon that an agreement has been en-
tered into with the Imperial Bank of St. Petersburg analo-
gous to that recently effected with the Bank of England for
the exchange of a certain sum of silver for gold. The
amount is 30,000,000 f., or £1,200,000.
M. Troplong, we hope, will deliver a most pacific
discourse at the opening of th 9 Senate, of which he is the
President. He will be sure to taik cf shutting and opening
the Temple of Janus, and the address of the Legislative
Corps in reply to the speech from tie Throne is expected
to be all that the Peace Congress itself could ask for. Of
the sincerity of the desire of both Chambers for a quiet life,
and as little of fresh military glory as possible, there is no
doubt whatever.

DEATH OF THE MASTER OF THE CROWN-OFFICE.
—We regret to have to annouice that it transpired in the
Court of Queen's Bench yesterday that Master Corner,
whose promotion to the office of Master of the Crown-office
has been so recent, expired on Wednesday evening. The
lamented gentleman had been somewhat indisposed of late,
but his death was far from being expected. Mr. Corner,
who was a most able and conscientious public servant,
was the author of that well •known. work, " Corner's Crown
Practice."

It is rumoured that an article of a semi-official
character will soon appear in one of the French papers
(probably the Constitutionne, from the pen usually em-
ployed on similar occasions, sad guided by the same supe-
rior will ; in fact, "inspired" or dictated by the Emperor,
written by M. Lagnerroniere, and probably signed by the
" Secretaire de la Redaction," declaring, in substance, that
should Piedmont commit "aa act of folly or madness" by
attacking Venetia, she must (1) so at her own risk and peril,
and not count upon material or moral support from France.
M. Cavour will perhaps be called upon for some declaration
equivalent to renouncing all hcstile designs on the Austrian
possessions.
THE SHOOTING CASE AT MALVERN.—At the
inquest held on the body of the unfortunate man Collins,
who was shot at a pigeon shooting match at Malvern, on
Wednesday, as reported in The Sun of yesterday, a verdict
of "Accidental Death" was returned by the coroner's jury.
No blame was attributed to the person in whose hands the
gun was at the time. It appeared that it was a borrowed
gun, and very light in the trigger.
A man named Bosse, who was awaiting his trial
for murder in the prison of Bonne-Nouvelle, at Rouen,
succeeded in making his escape two evenings back about
five o'clock, by climbing the wall of an exercise yard to
which he had access. How he managed to get over the
outer wall is a mystery. Bosse seemed greatly to dread his
approaching trial, and several times attempted to commit
suicide. As soon as his absence was discovered active
measures were taken to recapture him, but without success.
THE SLAVE TRADE.—lntelligence has been
received from Nassau, Bahamas, to the effect that one of
the smaller and remoter island, of that colony was in
December last visited by the captain and crew of a slaver,
who had been wrecked on a neighbouring reef, and who,
after forcing the keepers of the English lighthouse to assist
them in disembarking 500 African slaves, obtained posses.
sion of a colonial schooner, in which they sailed to the
opposite coast of Cuba, where they procured a large vessel,
which returned with them and carried off the living cargo
before the force which the Governor, on hearing the intel-
ligence, had despatched to their rescue, could arrive. It
is worthy of note that 400 slaves were wrecked off another
of these islands in August last; and that, on a third, an
exploring party, sent by the Governor in May last, dis-
covered a barracoon, in which there was every appearance
of slaves having been recently kept, while waiting for an
opportunity of deportation to Cuba.

SHIPWRECK.—A French brig, coal laden, struck
the rock near Skiningrove, about 16 Miles to the north of
Whitby, on Tuesday afternoon, and went down. The crew
launched their jollyboat immediately the vessel struck, and
got into it, taking with theta their clothes. They had not
proceeded far before the boat swamped, and eight out of the
nine were drowned. The survivor was the master of the
unfortunate vessel, and was saved, by means of his life-belt.
CHARGE OF MISCONDUCT AGAINST A SHIP-
MISTER.-At a recent meeting of the Local Marine Board
of the Port of London, an inquiry was instituted into
charges preferred against Capt. William King, late master
of the Lord Byron (s.), by Mr. Stefanos Xenos, of the Greek
and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. Mr. 11. Green
presided, and Mr. Ingham was the magistrate in attend-.
ante. The investigation last some time, and many wit-
nessses were examined. The board, having consulted,
resolved that Capt. King was habitually under the influ-
ence of liquor from Constantinople to Taganrog, and during
part of the time at Taganrog, and alio from Taganrog
back again to Malta, but the board are of opinion that he
was not so far drunk as to be incompetent to discharge his
duty. The board recommend that he be severely repri-
manded. The Board of Trade have intimated to the Local
Marine Board that as they had reprimanded Capt. King so
severely, they would return him his cortificate.—Shtpping
Gazette.

ACCIDENT.—HANDBOROUGH, Friday.—An acci-
dent happened on the Buckinghamshire Railway not far
from this place last night, w.ht-,12 was, in these times of
railway accidents, very alarming in its character, though
providentially it was unattended with any serious conse-
quences. It appears that the last passenger train of the
West Midland Company to London, which passes this
station at 7.10 p.m., had 'gone on safely from the West
Midland line to the Buckinghamshire line, and was pro-
ceeding on its journey towards the Bletchley junction of the
London and North-Western Railway, when without any
warning one of the wheels of a first-class carriage of the
London and North-Western Company flew off and buried
itself in the bank. Fortunately the mishap was observed,
and the driver at once shut off steam and stopped the train,
the carriage having been kept by the other wheels in its
upright position. Had it run off the rail the consequences
must have been most serious, as the train ran at a rapid
pace along this part of the line. The only inconvenience
experienced was a delay of about an hour.

THE CIRENCESTER GAME-LAW CASE,—On Mon-
day, Mr. William Boodle received a communication from
the Home Secretary, requesting his immediate attendance
in London on the subject of his memorial for the liberation
of Hall, whose case was reported in the Examiner of this
day fortnight. Mr. Boodle was to have had an interview
with Sir Cornewall Lewis yesterday morning at 11 o'clock.
It is not expected that Hall will be immediately liberated,
as he, in fact, admitted the offence of which he was con-
victed. But there is good reason to hope that his term of
imprisonment may be shortened, and, what is of more pub-
lic importance, that the Home Secretary will express a
pretty strong opinion on the un-English means made use
of to secure his convictioa.—Cheltenham Examiner.

THE CASE OF MISS AYLWARD.—A meeting of
Roman Catholics was held at the Cathedral, Marlborough-
street, Dublin, on Wednesday, in connexion with the Ladies;
Association of the Charity of St. Vincent De Paul and of
St. Bridget's Orphanage. Speeches were delivered by the
"Archbishop of Dublin," the "Bishops of Kerry and
Dromore," and others, in the course of which strong sym-
pathy was expressed for Miss Aylward, now undergoing a
term of imprisonment for contempt of court in reference to
the proselytism of the girl Matthews. The following reso-
lution was adopted :—" That this meeting, feeling for the
long persecution which Miss Aylward has undergone, calls
on Ireland to defray the expenses of her many trials, to aid
by an effective organisation the clergymen and gentlemen
who are now acting for this purpose 0/4 the St, Bridget
defence committee,"

N 1.1.; kV 6.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

PARIS, JAN. 19.

The Moniteur publishes a decree reducing from
40f. to 101. per 100 kilogrammes the figure at which
merchandize imported into Franco is taxed accord-
ing to the nett weight.

TURIN, JAN. 19.

The official Gazette publishes a royal decree con-
firming the nominations by Prince Carignan of the
members to the new Council of Lieutenancy for
Naples.
The names have already been announced.

GENOA, JAN. 18.
Troops embarked here yesterday for Naples.
Two frigates have left for Gaeta.

COPENHAGEN, JAN. 17.

A Royal decree has been published, calling out
6,700 sailors from the kingdom of Denmark and
the duchy of Schleswig.
The steam frigate Sjoelland has been recalled
from the West Indies.

An address, signed by all the members of the
Sandthings and Volksthings, is lying for further
sigNature in the public places. This address con-
tains a request to his Majesty to resist every attempt
from abroad to interfere with the internal affairs of
Denmark, and also prays that his Majesty may not
abandon the Danish nationality in the duchy of
Schleswig.
The address concludes with the rerpipst that
liberties may be granted to Schleswig in conformity
with the Danish constitution.

ROME, JAN. 15.

Some arrests have taken place on account of the
political demonstration in the Apollo Theatre. A
portion of the population of Gaeta has arrived
here.

PESTH, JAN. 17.

At the General Assembly of the representatives
of this city held to-day M. Beak opposed the imme-
diate assumption of the judicial power by the
Hungarians. He said, "At this moment we have
only to choose between Austrian laws and anarchy."
The proposition of M. Beak to preserve the Aus-
trian laws until the Index Curia shall have ordered
the transfer of the offices of justice was agreed to
by the Assembly.

NAPLES, JAN. 17.

Prince Carignan, after having consulted with
Signor Poerio, has appointed the following as
Councillors of Lieutenancy :
Liberio Romano ....Interior and Agriculture.
D'Aossa
Spaventa Police.
Laterza Finances.
Imbrani
Mancini
Oberti Public Works.
A Finance Committee has been instituted, under
the presidency of Signor Manna.

CATTARO, JAN. 17.
No attack by Alontenegrins on the town of Spuz
has really taken place.
An attack was intended, and was only prevented
by the representations made to the Montenegrins
by the Austrian, French, and Russian Consuls.
The Prince of Montenegro withdraws his troops
from the Turkish frontiers, expecting the satisfac-
tion promised to him by the Porte.

FRANCE.

PARIS, JAN. 18.

BOURSE, Jan. 18.—The English funds having
arrived with a slight decline, the market has been
dull, but prices remain about the same as yester-
day. For the Account, Threes are now at 67f 25c ;
Credit Alobilier, 647 f 50c ; Orleans, 1,367 f 50c ;
Northern, 952 f 50c ; Mediterranean, 896 f 25c;
Strasburg, 590 f. The following were the last quo-
tations :-
41 per per Cents ... 96 80 Credit Foncier 905
Do. end month.... 96 75 Belgian 41 9B 25
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 201 Roman
Bank Shares 2880 I Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 647 501 Spanish Threes 47 75
Do. Account 650 i Home Debt