The Sun.
London, England, 1861-03-28 00:00:00

VOLUNTEER SHAM FIGHT AND FIELD ' the ministry, and being confident that after having
DAY ON EASIER MONDAY, insured the dignity and independence of the Pope
Gentlemen are respectfully informed that the Dining
Rooms will be kept Open until a late hour on that day. and the complete freedom of the Church, the prin-
This Establishment will be entirely Closed, as usual, on
GOOD FRIDAY, and will be Open Saturday, the 30th of ciple of non-intervention will, in concert with
&arch. France, be applied to Rome, and that' Rome will
be made the capital of Italy, passes to the order of
the day.". This seems a suitable winding up of
the debate, and is all that the present position of

THOMAS PRICE, Superintendent.
THE WELLINGTON, 160, Piccadilly,
March 28, 1861.

T HEATRIP.-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee. Mr. J. B. Bnekstone.
On EASTER. MONDAY (April 1), will be performed
A. DUKE IN DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F.
gaydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. Buckstone,
Kr. compton, Mr.. Howe, tta.

things requires.

The strike is unhappily progressing: The work-
ing men call it a lock out on the part of the
employers ; but, to all intents and purposes, the
movement is more accurately to be described as a
strike on the part of the operatives. For what is
really and truly the English of it all—what is the
precise meaning of the deplorable incidents now
occurring ? Let us look at, the facts : and from
those facts alone draw our conclusions. An irritable
feeling between employers and employed,engendered
by the lamentable differences which took place in
1860 between the men and their masters—that old
and bitter feeling of irritation engendered originally
. by the strike of last year and intensified subse-
quently by the severe privations consequent upon
the wintry season which has so recently expired—
that old and bitter feeling of irritation being known
still to exist (threatening at any moment
another calamitous manifestation of its existence),
the masters have themselves voluntarily come for-
ward, as we are all aware, with a proposition, all
things considered, a proposition of a most reason-
able character, designed to put an end for once and
for all to the periodical agitation of what is popu-
larly known as the Nine Hours' Movement. That pro-
position we have already explained in these columns,
and we cannot but think now after a more careful
consideration of its bearing that if it does not at
once comprise within itself a solution of the existing
difficulties, it does certainly comprise within itself
the germ of that solution. The operatives are
asked now by their employers with a view to re-
move the grievances complained of by the former,
they are asked now frankly by the latter, by their
masters, to consider whether or not the good they
aspire after in their own behalf may not be attained
at once very readily by the payment of their wages
henceforth per hour instead of as heretofore per day.
As we took occasion to remark on Tuesday evening
when adverting to this painful subject of discus-
sion, the average pay received by the skilled
mechanics under the old system of weekly pay-
ment for daily labour shows, upon analysis, that
they have thus hitherto been compensated for their
industry at the rate of 61d. per hour per day. The
employers proposing now, of their own free will, to
add another Id. per hour out of their own pockets
for the same amount of labour from the hands of
this superior class of operatives ! Supposing the
skilled mechanics to accede to this proposition,
therefore—certainly, on the face of it, no

-
After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry
Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN.

Commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, A DELPHI.—
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Novel Attraction for the Passion Week. TO-NIGHT
(Thursday), and every evening during the Week (Friday ex-
cepted), the celebrated Italian Illusionist, Chevalier ANTO-
NIO POLETTI, in his extraordinary and wonderful enter-
tainment of NATURAL and CH' YMICA.L MAGIC ; and
Pall's (the Original Bones) Ethiopian Minstrels. Doors open
at_ half-past Six, commence at Seven. Box-office open on
Saturday, from 10 to 5. No charge for booking.

t.? OYA L PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
:On Easter Monday, THRICE MARRIED.
Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup
ported by Messrs. Graham, Meadows, Jrc. ; Misses Heath, R.
Leclercq, and Elsworthy.

ADELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
On EASTER MONDAY, a new drama, MAGLIORE'
PRESTIDIGITA/OR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole,
1). Fisher, &c.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss H. Simms, Are.
After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Miss Julia Daly.
Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor........ C. Morton.
A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,

This opera has never been produced in this or any other
country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
cided success which charactise the most popular works of
this great Master; will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
-ether with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
)IENTO, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.

John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment

very extortionate one in its character--
they would, by simply consenting to be
paid henceforth at the rate of so much per hour
instead of as formerly at the rate of so much per
day—they would actually, we say, be receiving
(in lieu of 6-1-d. for every hour's work done)
the full round SEVENPENCE! The offer is
no sooner made, however, than it is per-
versely and peremptorily, and point-blank refused.
It is the Irishman in the water again—" I will be
drowned and nobody shall save me !" According
to the arch ringleader of the Nine Hours' Move-
ment, Mr. GEORGE POTTER, to wit, there are
already from 400 to 500 of these determined work-
men (in consequence of that point blank refusal of
theirs) at this moment out of employment.
Mr. POTTER and his sympthisers call this no strike
on the part of the operatives, but a deliberate lock-
out by the employers themselves. A monstrous
misnomer, a perfectly self-evident fallacy or self
delusion on their part, seeing that every one of
those 400 or 500 operatives can obtain employment
from their old masters whenever they please, so
soon as they can make up their minds simply to
receive their wages at the rate, not as hitherto of

6.1 d. per hour, but at the improved rate of actually
sevenpence ! Whether they would work nine
hours then, or whether they would work ten,
would remain a matter entirely optional with
themselves. This additional farthing per hour,
which they are now asked to receive, is however
apparently more than they can as yet induce them-

selves to swallow. They will consent to no corn•

promise. They will listen to no reason. They are
now consequently, to the number of from 400 to
500, out of employment. And what is the nature
of the counter- proposition made thereupon by Mr.
GEORGE POTTER in the course of his remarks
olast evening in St. James's Hall to some 5,000
operatives ? He suggested simply that 100,000
workmen should sub3cribe a penny per week,
thus producing an enormous income with which to
compel Messrs. KELK and LUCAS and others to give
in eventually. " Let every man," he says, " sub-

scribe his money; let him keep away from the
public-house, and save his money; for a great gulf
was opening between the masters and workmen,

which might cause the workmen much suffering,

but which would bury the fortunes of some of the

master builders in dust and ashes." The public

now have the two propositions before them, and

they can judge between them; they can recognise
in the one how much there is of calm and impartial

forethought, arid how much there is in the other a

passion, and almost, we might say, of positive

malignity.

By the last steamer from America, which
brings news up to the 16th, we receive one
important piece of information in a very few
words, it is this,—" The new Southern tariff will
come into operation on the Ist May. Compared
with the United States tariff 30 per cent. duties
are reduced to 25 per cent., and 24 and 19 per
cent, duties to 15. The tariff also contains a large
10 per cent. schedule, and a small free list." We
hardly need say how much is involved in this
departure from the bold free trade programme
which had at first been sketched by the seceding
States. We had been led to look for such a long
list of duty-free articles as should almost inevitably
make the South the recipient of the entire foreign
trade of the country, and render Charleston the
Hamburg of North America. And this was to be
their grand means of securing the friendship o
commercial Europe.

Among our numerous Benevolent Institutions
there is not one which is more obviously entitled
to popular favour than the Railway Benevolent
[nstitution. If its generous aim does not at once
iterally " strike home" to us all, we cannot at any
rate, any one of us, stir abroad without its thrust-
ing itself, more or less forcibly, before our recogni-
tion. There is scarcely any member of the entire
community but must be indirectly, if not
directly, interested in noticing the steady ad-
vance made in its prosperous development. It is
an association but very recently formed, the period
when it was originally instituted dating back no
further than the May of 1858. So that the Public
Dinner which took place last evening at the London
Tavern, in aid of its funds, was only the third of
those nominal demonstrations. The Right Hon. the
Lord Mayor (Cum') occupying the chair, and
being accompanied thither to that charitable ban-
quet by the Sheriffs of the City of London. The
object set forth in the programme of the Railway
Benevolent Institution is no other than the provid-
ing relief for the necessitous orphans, widows,
and children of the salaried officers and ser-
vants upon the railways of the United King-
dom. The management consists, as the more
watchful sections of the' general public are already
aware, of the " president, trustees, treasurer, hono-
rary secretary (who are members by virtue of their
respective offices), and fifty subscribers, twenty-five
of whom retire annually by rotation, but only
twenty are eligible for re-election." The income
is variously derivable from donations, subscriptions,
and legacies, two-thirds of the annual income being
set apart for the clothing, maintenance, and educa-
tion of orphans and necessitous children, and one-
third to the relief of widows. From the re-
port of yesterday's proceedings, at the Lon-
don Tavern, as given in another part of to•day's
impression of our journal, it will be seen how satis-
factory has already been the growth of an institu-
tion which is yet only, however, in one of the
earliest stages of its development. Earnestly may
every traveller upon any one of the railways of the
United Kingdom wish yet more and more success
in the future to the Railway Benevolent Institution;
and pretty confidently too (it is satisfactory to
know) may these good wishes be cherished under a
continuance of the institution's present able
management.

HANOVER-SQUARE Rodats.—The musical enter-
tainments of Mr. Frederick Penna—the second of which,
under the title of "Old Friends and New Acquaintances,"
was given last night in the Hanover-square Rooms—are not
merely "entertaining" in the conventional sense, but to a
considerable extent pleasantly instructive. On Saturday
evening "The Oratorio Composers of the 18th and 19th
Centuries," which was given with entire success on Mon-
day, will be repeated.

•
THE WESTERN BANK.—GLASGOW, Wednesday.
—A gentleman, on the part of the directors of the Western
Bank, has offered £200,000 for a settlement of all the actions
at law now in dependence. The liquidators, who had
named this sum, recommend it to the acceptance of the
shareholders, with whom it now lies whether the litigation
shall be brought to a close or not.
DISPOSING OF FISH REFUSE.—Yesterday a
woman named Sayers was fined ss. and costs, at Hammer-
smith Police-court, for throwing fish refuse on the public
carriage-way. The woman drove a donkey cart, and
pushed the offal through the bottom of the vehicle.
WITNESSES IN POLICE COURTS.—In the Sheriff's
Court this morning, a person, named Cahill, sought to -cover the sum of 10s. 6d. from a Mr. Marks, for attending
on his behalf at the Mansion-house as a witness. The
Judge told the plaintiff he could not recover for mere loss
of time. The law said it was a duty owing to society for a
person to give evidence.
At Marlborough-street Police Court this morn-
ing, Ada Williams was fined 20s. for assaulting the pro-
prietress of " Sally's " coffee-house in the Haymarket.
BIGAMY.—A man named Sadler was yesterday
fully committed for trial from the Westminster Police
Court, for marrying Charlotte Tanner while his first wife
was still alive.

HULL, AND THE NATIONAL PURSE.—In the
report of the Board of Trade on the Hull Docks Bill; now
before Parliament, the following statement is made :--In
lieu of differential duties on foreign ships, there is now paid
by the Treasury out of the public purse, to the; Old Dock
Company an annuity of £6,333, which goes into their gene-
ral revenues; to the town an increasing income, now
amounting to more than £4,000 a year, which goes in relief
of borough rates; and to the Hull Trinity House an in-
creasing sum, now amounting to more than £12,000 a year,
which goes in charity, and in paying the salaries of the
Elder Brethren. These differential dues were imposed for
the purpose of discouraging foreign ships, at a time when
d i
. - such discouragement was in accordance with the general
From this programme there is a sad falling off. policy of this country. When that policy changed these
The new Southern Tariff which comes into effect
local
policy
, of instead
th of :being compelled to follow the
e country,
e n
hwee were
foreign
compensated,
ehippinga nwdhni
which
about two months hence, is one after all of high general ,
for the differential d
iptenrdterhtuhtefpolor ic had entered or probably would enter the
differentialship shipping
on
whichth eenho.rmously increased
if not of prohibitive duties. 25 per cent., 15 per
amount of foreign
cent., and 10 per cent. are the duties still retained;
s
reaansintghe
they are lower than those of the North, but it may our policy has brought ignto the portveryThnehyangbeavine
be doubted whether the existing commercial
fora
lboeneg:serreiceesiv:fnygeathis extraordinaryd compensation
or
IpfaoyumseenatnedwthhiechC otrhpeoprantbiloina,
facilities of the North will not almost counterbalance
accommodationeffect o f th e
fbilltsrndow
before Parliament, by increasing
annually to the town and port of
the difference. The duties are at least such as to
awriel will
concerned,be , s. o far
to
os the
increase Trinity
t h6,offer a considerable obstruction to trade, and
taxpayerii Hull.
such as will certainly not sweep at once the'com-
OSElsEnißaEllillliglNG AT PENDLETON.—At the Sal-
merce of Europe into Southern ports. All that ford Police-court yesterday, two boys, named Chas. Tetlow
can be said is, that the Southern Tariff is the oppo- and Henry 'Wilton, were carged with burglariously enter-
site of the insane protective tariff just passed in ing the premises, No. 5, Egerton-street, Ellor-street, Pen.
the North, and that it is probably designed for
pdalentioend,
hayndansntetalei
rn f;
alviDelebeee in carpet.tlie The
bit two
of lads,
ahconu°n'ses-
revenue, not for protection, in accordance in the locality, h
undehr the pen
of
pretence ofh disposing of sand, but
with the provision in their new constitution,
that had been in the habit of committing thefts. Tetlow was
committed to the New Bailey far one mouth, and was sen-
Congress is not to have power
'to ) tenced to be afterwards confined for five years I.n re Orme-
foster any branch of industry by torY; Wilton was ordered to be whipped and discharged,

protectiveduties. There, however, its merits cease
to a great extent it is still a smuggler's tariff.
It is this tariff, however, in connection with the
famous expedient of laying an export duty on
cotton, which is to provide ample futids for main-
taining the 50,000 men, whom the South has
levied to defend secession and slavery against the
North. The export duty must, however, prove a
failure. If the supply of cotton be sufficient, it
will fail because thepurchaser will deduct the tax
from his offer, as he can always do when the
market is full. But should it be the reverse,
should England and France be charged the frac-
tion more of a penny to maintain the Southern
army, the revenge is easy. Cotton is but an
annual, or at least generally so. It will grow
freely over a zone of at least sixty degrees
of latitude, and our capital will at once
be invested in creating new sources of
supply, which in a year or two will
accomplish the most desirable object of ren-
dering us independent altogether of a supply from
so capricious a source as the labour of a vast army
of slaves who, any day, may turn on their oppres-
sors and refuse to grow cotton any longer. We
must say that, in the interests of freedom and
humanity, we hope the export tax on cotton will
be persevered in ; and that Manchester will have
Ito pay it. It will pay it for one twelvemonths to
be released from the tax for ever. Our own
East and West Indies, and Africa, besides other
places, will soon supply us with far more than we
need ; and the result will be, cheaper cotton,
American slaves reduced to half their value or to
no value, and the seceders for slavery compelled
to acknowledge that they have beggared themselves
by endeavouring to spare themselves and to tax the
world for their infernal domestic institution.
On the other hand, the North will find its trade
crippled by its disgraceful protectionist tariff. Its
revenues must therefore diminish; and in its con-
flict with the South it will find that by its own
selfishness it has also deprived itself of the sinews
of war. The contest between the two sections opens
therefore by acts of fiscal selfishness and folly on
both sides.