The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-02 00:00:00

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Yesterday the 23d
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I mododshaarannad
sernadhs of oeunrtirf:l7.e,,

[Placa 4D. STAMPED 5P s]

Outram and his Staff rema
man, horse, and mule had been safely put on board.
I do not know how these matters are generally
managed, but it appears to me that in this instance
the embarkation of about 5,000 men, 800 horses,
700 mules, besides camp followers, camp equipages,
and materiel, has been effected with surprising de-
spatch. No preparations to that end were begun
before the 9th inst., when Sir James returned from
Bushire, and on the 17th scarcelya vestige remained
of our occupation. Much credit is due to Com-
mander Rennie, Acting Commodore of the ludian
Navy, whose unwearied personal exertions are be-
yond all praise. I understand he is to be recom-
mended for a C. B. and a Victoria Cross, an I cer-
tainlys
if any man deserves such distinctions he does,
as well
for his valuable services generally through-
out the expedition as for his indomitable bravery in
having constructed and planted the mortar-b :dory
under the Persian forts the night before the attack
upon Mohammerah.
The admirable corresponding arrangements on
shore are all due, under Sir James, to Brigadier-
General Lugard, Chief of the Staff, and it is to be
hoped that his valuable services will not go unre-
warded. I presume it is not generally known, but
we all of the force know it right well, that all the
credit for the admirable military dispositions taken
at Kooshab after Sir James had been disabled was
due to him, and no one felt this more, or would
more readily have acknowledged it, than the late
General Stalker, second in command on that occa-
sion. Indeed, not only at li-ooshab, but through-
out this campaign, General Lugard's management
of all the details of his office has called forth the
admiration as well of the general cemmandoig as
of the staff and regimental officers generally. By
bis courteous demeanour he has won the esteem
and regard of all, and his coolness and decision on
the battle-field prove that be possesses in a high
degree the qualifications of a brave soldier and an
accomplished commander. We trust, indeed, that
no feeling of jealousy will restrain the Court of
Directors from urging his claims to honorary dis-
tinction most warmly. Such unworthy feelings
would be singular in the history of the Persian
expedition, for it is acknowledged by all that una-
nimity between the two services has been most per- •
fect throughout this campaign. It could hardly
be otherwise with a chief like Sir James Outram,
and a chief of the staff like Brigadier Lugard.
Our occupation of Mohammerah has lasted for
six weeks, and during that time we have been ou
the best terms with the resident and surrounnding
Arabs. Not one complaint has been made against
our soldiers or Sepo3s, and the nativee were ex-
tremely sorry at our departure. The town was
made over on the 15th to Ali Khan, Sheikh Jaber's
nephew, who brought with him a garrison of 120
musketeers to maintain order there and in the sur-
rounding districts. The arrangement made is that
the Arabs (Persian subjects nominally) are to hold
the place, and to carry on the civil administration
conjointly with any agents the Persians may choose
to depute for that purpose ; but no Persian troops
are to approach the town until the terms of the
treaty are fulfilled. In the meantime our continued
occupation will be maintained by two sloops of war,
the Clive and the Falkland, which will be anchored,
one in the Karoon, and the other in the Shatt-00l
Arab.

THE BENGAL MUTINY.

(Extracts from the Letter of an Officer to his
Friends in England.)
CALCUTTA, SATURDAY, May 16.

To conceal the condition of India any longer i.s

now impossible. The disaffection that has existed
so long amongst our Sepoys from one end of our
Eastern possessions to the other has at length dis-
played itself in all its meaning. You, doubtless are
already aware of what has taken place at Barrack-
pore, a station 15 miles distant from Calcutta. One
regiment, the 19th Native Infantry, about 900
strong, has been disbanded, and seven companies
of the 34th Native Infantry, about 700 men, have
shared the same fate, making in a 111,600 men, who
with their wives and families have been turned
adrift to plunder and murder ; for the men are
not fit for labour of any kind, and their families
and selves must be fed. This, fur a time, quieted
Barrackpore, as the disgraced men were passed
over the river and the banks guarded by European
sentries to prevent their return. Other disturbances
however, in the north west were soon reported,
an,l yesterday morning, by electric telegraph, the
Government received news of alarming outbreaks,
with great loss of life, about Meerut and Delhi.
That which has been slumbering since the time
of Sir C. Napier has broken out in full vigour, and
ere another mail reaches England it is not impos-
sible that the European population of India, from
Calcutta upwards, may be considerably diminished.
This is an astounding assertion ; nevertheless it is
no exaggeration. The government suppresses every
kind of information it receives that is likely to cre-
ate alarm, and even, it is said, pays heavily to our
daily papers to do the same. It is consequently
difficult to arrive at the truth, or even a knowledge
of what is going on.

Shortly after the Barrackpore affair, the 3d Ca-
valry at Meerut showed symptoms of disaffection ;
about 80 men were tried by court-martial, sen-
tenced to a long term of imprisonment and hard
labour. The sentence was read on the parade ground
in presence of the regiments stationed at Meerut,
and the men were ironed immediately after, and
marched off to prison. During the process the
native troops appeared sulky and restless, but not
a word was said. About midnight of the following
day, however, their feelings being worked up to
boiling point, the whole of the Sepoys and Sowers
stationed at Meerut left their lines and proceeded
straight to Delhi. These consisted of the 11th, 15th,
20th, and 74th Native Infantry, and the remaining
troops of the 3d Cavalry. On reaching Delhi they
were joined by the 38th and 54th Native Infantry
and the Native Artillery at that station. Here the
most atrocious acts were committed. Headed by
the 38th, they attacked every house containing an
European, and killed every man and violated and
killed every woman, including Mr. S. Fraser, the
Commissioner, Rev. —. Jennings and daughter ;

the death and sufferings of the latter are said to
have been such as no pen can describe or heart
conceive. Dr. Balfour and Captain Douglass,
commanding the Palace Guards, were killed ; and
every officer of the 38th and 54th present with
his corps, and visitors and residents in the place,
shared the same fate, except the following :—Majur
and Mrs. Abbott, Captain and Mrs. Wallace, Cap-
tain and Mrs. De Teisser, Mr. and Mrs. Hutchin-
son, the insurgents then proceeded to the Delhi
Bank, " looted " that and retained possession of
the building ; also the Treasury, which was well
supplied. Lient. Willoughby, in charge of the
magazine, seeing all this, at once blew it up, and
we feaa has perished by his own bands. Had this
magazine fallen into the hands of the insurgents,
there is no calculating the mischief they might have
effected. The devotion of Lieutenant Willoughby
is 13-,yond praise. God grant we may hear he is
still alive. At present he is missing.
The insurgents now hold Delhi. The Comman-
der-in-Chief is said to be on his way from the hills
with three European corps and a Goorka regiment.
Lf,rd. Canning is frantic, and a general panic per-
vades India. The steamer Alma, which ought to
have left to-morrow morning with the mail, is
posponed with the hope that better news may arrive
on n,nclay. The Probability is news more ,alarming
will reach us.. Other regiments may have risen,
and other massacres be reported. To protect the
capital (Calcutta) General Hearsey has been in
communication with the Governor-General(General
Low is utterly useless), and a plan has been de-
vised which will be carried into effect to-day or
to-morrow ; it is, I hear, to concentrate our troops
in Calcutta as far as possible. The above are facts,
and I have every reason to say may be relied on
with confidence. We only fear for our wives and
daughters ; if they were safe our work would be

The good understanding which has been kept up
throughout with the Perso Arab tribes,—their neu-
trality during the late contest—and the readiness
with which they have furnished our force with
supplies, are mainly due to the tact and exertions
of Captain Kemball, Political Resident at Bagdad,
aided and supported by the Rev. Mr. Badgcr, Sir
J,s; Outrain's Arabic Interpreter. On these two
gentlemen, without the co-operation of any native
agency whatever, devolved the task of correspond-
ing with the chiefs, receiving their visits, settling
their intestine quarrels, making arrangements
for supplies, and governing them during our
occupation of the country. In addition to
this, owing to the dearth of interpreters., every de-
partment, from the Commissariat downwards, was
obliged to refer to them, and the work which thus
devolved on Captain Kemball was immense. Cap-
tain Kemball was present at the attack upon Mo-
hammer* and accompanied the expedition to
Ahwaz, where his service proved most val 'able,
and in any distribution of rewards his name should
stand among the first.

It is much ta be regretted that the Court of
Directors do not hold out greater facilities to the
officers of their service to study Arabic. There was
abundant work during the late short campaign for
at least 15 duly qualified interpreters, w Itereas
there was only one in the whole force who could
act in that capacity. No little inconvenience and
great difficulties and delays were consequently ex-
perienced, especially by the Land Transport and
Commissariat Department, whose agents, scattered
over the country, where Arabic is the only language
sentwes
we
withre somewhat
wbheot
eteoru
ld
spoken, were comparatively helpless. In Persian
off';i db ui
tte a epvreonr
ei
ra th i
respect,
Per-
sian letter without the aid of a native mooushee.
This state of things, especially during a war, when
it is frequently of the greatest moment to keep col•
respondence secret, is much to be deprecated ; and
it is accordingly to be hoped that steps will be
taken to secure higher qualifications in our officers
who pass in Persian, and who should be entirely
independent of all native co-operation.
Sir James Outram starts to-day in the Planet.for
Bagdad, in order, as we understand, to confer with
the Hon. Mr. Murray respecting a commission to
be despatched to Herat to see that the conditions
of the treaty with regard to the evacuation of that
place by the Persian troops are effectually carried
out. I =happy to state that the General appears
in excellent health and spirits, and continues to
enjoy the devotion and love of the troops under his
command. Never was a chief more beloved by all
ranks, and had the war been protracted they would
have sienalized their attachment by many a bold
and dashing affair. As it is, they have behaved
bravely and nobly, and deserve the highest praise
which the country can confer upon them. What
the Queen or the home authorities may do to evince
their appreciation of Sir James Outram's merits
remains to be ,een ; but if perfect success has any
claim to national distinction, that distinction, 1
trust, will not be withheld from one whose rapid
movements and their attendant victories were
mainly instrumental in obtaining the immediate
a 3Ce p t ance of the treaty, and thereby putting an end
to the Persian war.

Such news as this coming suddenly upon you, it
will naturally be asked, " Bat how has all ,this hap-
pened ?" It is eaodly answered, such feelings as at
present possess our native army have for, the last
three or four years been gradually but steadily en-
gendered, and what was regarded as the unex-
ampled ministry of my Lord Dalhousie is now be-
coming exposed. It is too long a story, to show
bow his lordship is to blame for all this ;, suffice it
at present to remark that Lord Dalhousie was as
sure of what was about to happen as I am that it
has occurred. The whole burthen of his mal-ad-
ministration Lord Canning has had to bear, who
to a certain extent has been made a tool of by his
predecessor. Of course everybody here blames
Lord Canning for his apathy and want of decision
at the first outbreak at Barrackpore ; but I do not
think be deserves so much censure as is heaped
upon him, for this reason, that he bas, been en-
tirely in the hands of his staff, and to them he has
listened on all matters connected with the native
army. When Lord Dalhousie left India he intro-
duced his aide-de-camp—one Captain Bowie of
the Bengal Artiller%—to his successor, as a person
who thoroughly understood the native character,
and more particularly the Sepoy as to his habits and
peculiarities, and stated in all such matters he (Cap-
tain Bowie) might be referred to with great confi-
dence. LorJ Canning in consequence dubbed him
his aide-de-camp, and to this officer's counsels it is
that so much mischief is to be attributed. It is
certain that no military appointment has taken
place here without his being consulted. Now what
Lord Dalhousie could see in Captain, now Brevet-
Major Bowie, no one can conceive. But Lord Can-
ning must and will be recalled, and his staff scat-
tered, before. all goes well ? and General Anson
must accompany him in his homeward passage.
All we want is an independent, active man as Go-
vernor-General, and an energetic Commander-in-
Chief—a Governor General who will keep his
establishment at arm's length and introduce into
India as secretaries men of known ability.
I am no alarmist, but I am not blind ; the many
years I have spent in India, the observations 1
have had numerous opportunities of making from
from one end of India (Bengal Presidency) to the
other, tells me British India will cease to be unless
speedy and energetic measures are resorted to, un-
less some noble-hearted, honest-minded, and inde-
pendent nobleman is sent to our relief. The power
of the Governor-General is absolute ; he can make
or mar the prospects of hundreds and it is worse
than criminal to leave us at the mercy of ignorant
and puffed-up secretaries and aides-de-camp.
SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 16.
Since writing the above a Government notifica-
tion has been issued confirming almost everything
herein detailed.

BAGDAD, MAY 25.
Sir James Outram and part of bis Staff arrived
here in the Planet the day before yesterday, and
landed at the Residency under the salute due to
his rank, which was immediately returned by the
garrison. The highest Turkish military authority,
Khairi Pasha, met him as he disembarked, charged
with the respects and congratulations of the Go-
verner, Resheed Pasha, and to-day Sir James pays
his visit of ceremony at the Serai. Immense
crowds of people thronged the banks of the river to
see the renowned English General.
The Hon. Mr. Murray and his suite are still
here, waiting the arrival of the Persian official
charged with the apologies stipulated for, and com-
'and is expected
missioned to accompany his Excellency to Teheran.
Ttoh
are orffiivceerhiserae Shairtaeefpe,wordßayrisg. Accountsadier meived
from the Persian capital represent the Shah as hav-
ing been dreadfully excited on receiving the intelli-
gence of the capture of Moh ammerah. The treaty had
reached him the day previous, and he lost no time
in affixing his signature to it, giving special direc-
tions himself for its immediate despatch to Bagdad.
Had the terms b,en tenfold more stringent, there is
little doubt but that his Majesty would have ac-
cepted them without scruple, despite
the opposing
influence of certain parties at Teheran. However,
17insisting upon so little beyond the independence
of Herat and Affghanistan, the Home Ministry
have displayed their wisdom and prudence ; for, if
we are sincere in our expressed desire to uphold
Persia, and to strengthen it as an independent
monarchy, which is undoubtedly our best policy),
it is obvious that the less we humble her the bettor
for our future relations with that country.
This war over, it is to be hoped that the time is
far distant before we shall be called. upon to treat
Persia as an enemy. As you observed in one of your
late articles, much will depend upon the tact and
bearing of the Minister who shall represent Great
Britain at the Court of the Shah for the next few
years whether we attach Persia to us or throw her
into the arms of Russia. Do the antecedents of the
Hon. Mr. Murray at Teheran hold out any reason-
able hope that he is the man to. cement a real and
cordial friendship between Persia and England ? I
think not ; neither, as far. as am aware, have we
• many men available for so important and delicate an
appointment. Could the Foreign-office lay aside for
once the impression that such positions can only be
! held suitably by members of the aristocracy, they
could not do better than promote Captain Kemball
from Bagdad to Teheran. I would gladlystake a for-
tune, were such at my disposal, upon the result,
feeling perfectly convinced that his character would
L carry such weight, and his calm, temperate, delibe
rate, and conciliatory deportment win such general
attachment, that British influence would soon pre-
' doroinAte in the councils of the Shah.

MONDAY EVENING, MAY 18.
As expected the telegraph is in, and the news
for which the mails have been detained has reached
us. Nothing, that I can learn, from Delhi. From
Meerut we have the following :
On the evening of the 10th the troops rose, as. it
were, en masse. The 11th, 15th, and 20th.. Native
fell with mer-
Infantry, and the 3d Light Cavalry?
ciless fury on their officers, des.troying very many
of each regiment ; some contrived to escape. Of
2COtaphtNaiantiTvaeyllonr.
those killed we have the following :—Colonel Fin-
nis 11th, killed ; Lieutenant Chambers and Mrs.
Chambers, mbev, I.noffanttrhye ;
and Captain M
fantry, and Mrs: M Donald also killed, and many
11th Native
others. Dr. Christie, of the 3rd Cavalry, mortally
wounded.
Mrs. Courtney, hotel-keeper, and all her chil-
dren, with several ladies and women killed. How
these poors souls died no one knows. It appears
the men of the 3rd Cavalry that were confined in
gaol were liberated by the insurgents, by whom
the greater part of Meerut has been consumed by
fire. Many Europeans have been destroyed, whose
names have yet to be published. The excitement
here is fearful in the extreme. The Governor-Gene-
ral is, of course, most unpopular, but more so his
advisers—his staff. As I before remarked, nothing
but a thorough change will do now ; the old Dal-
housie clique must be expunged ere tranquillity
can be restored to India. It is now midnight, and
the mail leaves early to-morrow morning.

LIEUT. WILLOUGHBY. —Lieut. Austin, of the 60th
Queen's Rifles, writes from Meerut to his sister, and
dates that Lieut. Willoughby had got to Kurnaul
much burnt, but alive.