The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-31 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,- WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 31, 1861.

We think it therefore quite worth notice as one
possible and not improbable issue of this threaten-
ing contest, that either recoiling before the mani-
festly greater power of the North, or after having
fought and lost a great battle, the South may offer
terms, and the North be not unwilling to treat.
We may expect that laying down arms and fully
submitting to the Federal authority, will be the
sine qua non, but we have little doubt that if the
South would submit she might have slavery and all
its abominations to her heart's content.

"All the world's a stage "—quoth the famous
dictum of SHAKSPERE.
And now in ♦ivid contrast to, and within a few
hours of each other :
.Enter, as Earl and Viscount of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Hon.
JOHN RUSSELL (commonly called Lord JOHN Rus•
SELL), by the names, styles, and titles of Viscount
AMBERLEY, of Amberley, in the county of Glouces-
ter, and of Ardsalla, in the county of Meath, and
Earl RUSSELL, of Kingston-Russell, in the county
of Dorset.

Exit as Duke and Marquis and Earl and Vis-
count and Baron RICHARD PLANTAGENET TEMPLE-
NUGENT-BRYDGES-CFLAN DOS GRENVILLE, Duke
and Marquis of Buckingham and Chandos, Earl
Temple of Stowe, and Viscount and Baron Cob-
ham of Kent, in the peerage of the United King-
dom, and also Earl Nugent in Ireland, and likewise
co-heir with the Marquis of Townshend of ti-e
barony of Bouchier, being the only child of RICHARD,
first Duke of Buckingham, by Lady ANNE ELIZA
BRYDGES, daughter and heir of JAMES, third and
last Duke of Chandos.
Younger by several years than the new peer
who entered the House of Lords for the first time
last evening, the late Duke of BUCKINGHAM was
prematurely aged, and has hence disappeared the
sooner from the public scene by reason of his very
bitter and protracted, and at length overwhelming
misfortunes. The particulars of the ruin of his
great fortunes, of the fortunes of his illustrious and
historic house, are yet vividly in the general
recollection. Who that can cast his memory
back but a very few years, but bears in pity-
ing remembrance the breaking up of that princely
establishment, of that old ancestral borne down at
Stowe, for years and years until then the pride and
glory of all Buckinghamshire ! The incidents con-
nected with the rise and downfall of this renowned
family assume to themselves a conspicuous position
in truth among the most memorable and romantic
vicissitudes anywhere discoverable in the annals
of the Peerage, even by as scrutinizing an inves
gator as the Ulster King-at-Arms.

Upon the morrow of the death of the Duke of
BUCKINGHAM, another illustrious and historic
name is added, as we have seen, to the stately
•01l of the Lords in Parliament assembled. It was
by an amusing coincidence that the very first vote
given by Earl RUSSELL as a peer of the realm im-
mediately after his admission to the House of
Lords as the junior Earl and Viscount, should
have just turned the scale, upon a division of
the House, in favour of her MAJESTY'S Go-

vernmeut. Otherwise the division upon Clause 2
of tho Municipal Corporation Act Amend-

ment Bill would have shown the third " tie "
this year in the imperial legislature, the second in
the House of Lords in 1861, the third this session
in the record of the doings of the two Houses of

Parliament. Upon the numbers being called-
.

it was found that there were contents 26

non•contents 25, so that the clause
was carried by a single vote, the vote of the new
Peer, the vote of Earl RUSSELL. Better than this,

however, yesterday, as an agreeable accom•

paniment to the noble earl's admission to the

House of Lords; immeasurably more delightful than

any such successful employment of his first vote
as a member of the peerage, must have been the

knowledge with which Lard RUSSELL yesterday
donned his robes as an Earl : the knowledge of the
fact flashed by telegraph at four o'clock yesterday
afternoon from the City of London to the House of
Lords—that the noble Earl's successor as M.P. for
the City of London was the Liberal and Reforming
Candidate.

3111. LAYA.RD.

r Loorttbyleafrodre willhis
It is a mistake to suppose th
ptisltiranp.pointment to
Crown, but
Ibe obliged, in consequence osfhahi
the Foreign Under Secretary
constituents. Mr. Layard, like :11 theg
secretaries, is nominated, not by the
the chief of his department, and his acceptanceut by
the office does not, therefore, necessitate a fresh
f
election.

SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning. The
Prince Consort, attended by Sir Charles Phipps and Col,
Hardinge, landed in the Docks at half past 9 from the
Fairy, en route to London, to attend a meeting of the Duchy
of Cornwall.

The Duchess Sota Mayor has arrived at
Maurigy's Hotel, from Madrid.

Lord and Lady Sondes will shortly leave
Grosvenor-square for their seat, Eltnhara Hall, Norfolk.

Northern soldiers are as numerous as valiant the
South can have little hope.
But can the North if manifestly victor accept any
compromise ? We reply that this has always been
our fear. The North we believe would prefer com-
promise. We were never deluded by the Northern
declamation about slavery. The North cares little
about abolishing slavery, it has a most inhumane,
certainly unchristian, hatred of negroes. The Aboli-
tionists have been all along a small and persecuted
party. What the North kicks at is, the domination
of the slaveholders—not their slaveholding; and if
the South confesses to a political defeat, and de-
votes itself again to political warfare on political
subjects, the North will be ready enough to let
them breed, sell, and catch, when fugitive, as many
slaves as they please. The English moral and reli-
gious aversion to slavery is all but unknown in
America. The writer we have referred to justly ob-
serves—" The first aspect in which it was attempted
to place the struggle was that of a contest against
slavery, but it is believed that most of the people of
New York were from its origin fully aware that
the real point at issue is simply the maintenance of
the Union. If that end can be gained it is thought
the disposition to compromise all subsidiary differ-
ences will be found almost enthusiastic, and a few
further successes on the part of the Northern troops
will, perhaps, remove the last feelings of repug-
nance to it on the part of the South. especially if
the South can wind up with any little local victory
to enable them to aver that their change of tone
is not a consequence of defeat."
The fortunes of war may change all this.
The flush of victory, or the exasperation of
defeat may place both sides in relations to each
other which nothing but a war of conquest can
settle—but we have, from the beginning expressed
our apprehension that the war might be terminated
much too soon for the abolition of Slavery. Both
President LINCOLN'S addresses have been docu-
ments based on the perpetuation of Slavery. He
avows it. He points to the constitution, not as to
be amended in this regard, but as his Polestar. The
only point on which he is firm is, no extension of
Slavery; and how long it would be before he
would concede again a parallel of latitude between
the Southern Egypt and the Northern Goshen,
no one can tell.

LATEST NFW

-

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

NEW YORK, JULY 19.

The main body of the Federal army, which
commenced its march on Richmond on the 17th
instant, met with no serious resistance until it
reached Dulbram, a fortified place, three miles from
Manassas Junction, on the following day, in
attacking which the advanced guard was repulsed
by the Confederates.

Afterwards, however, the position was carried by
the Federal troops.

A Philadelphian, who has just arrived from
Richmond, reports that the Confederates' force
numbered 10,000, and at Manassas junction
60,000.

The steamer York Town has been seized by the
Confederates, who have iron-cased and mounted
her with eight 64-pounders.

The Government has decided that no more fug
tive slaves shall be allowed to follow the army.

ROME, JULY 30.

The official 4:/iornale di Roma of to-day declares
the statements contained in the letter from M.
Solar to M. Mires, dated 29th November, 1859, in
reference to the Roman railways, to be both false
and calumnious..

COPENHAGEN, JULY 31.
Yesterday evening the inhabitants of this city
gave a grand banquet in the neighbouring forest to
the 500 persona who lately arrived from Schleswig.
2,000 persons sat down to dinner.

The King placed his hunting castle at the dis-
posal of the guests. Several Schleswigians made
speeches in favour of the rights of Denmark over
Schleswig, which were received with great cheering.

LISBON, JULY 30.

The Royal :NUR steamship Tyne, which arrived
here this morning, will leave for Southampton at
11 a.m., with 188 passengers, £24,700 specie, 2,000
bags of coffee, and 200 rolls of tobacco.

PARIS, JULY 30.
The evening papers contain the following news :
"The rumour of the recall of General Goyon
from Rome is unfounded.

".It is believed the King of Prussia will come

to Paris.

" The King of Sweden is expected to arrive here
on the 7th of August."

EVENING.

A note in the _Pays, signed by the Secretary 01
:he Redaction, wbkich is reproduced in the Consti

!utionnel, gives particulars of the incident which

lately occurred at Rome, originating in the refusal
of Monsignor de Merode, notwithstanding the
orders of the Pope and Cardinal Antonelli, to give
up to a French c onrt-martial a Papal soldier who
had wounded a French soldier.

According to the note M. de Merode, much irri

tated, hastened to General Goyon, and with threat-
ening gestures, made use of insulting expressions
against the Emperor Napoleon.

General Goyon imposed silence, and gave the
Monsignor to understand that it was solely on ac-
count of his wearing a priest's gown that he could
not box his years (lui donner deux soufflets). He
said, however, he did so morally, and added that
if Monsignor de Merode would divest himself of his
gown, he would take off his uniform as a General
and fight a duel with him.
Monsignor de Merode sheltered himself behind
his ecclesiastical character.

General Goyon replied that in any case he (Mon-
signor de illerode) would retain the stigma inflicted
by his words.

He then ordered.ja search for the Papal soldier,
who was at length given up.

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.J

PLYMOUTH, JULY 30.

The Uulon Company's steamer Norman, with the
above mail and 54 passengers, arrived here this

evening.

She left Table Bay on the 21st ult., St. Helena
on the Ist, and Ascension on the sth inst.

The Cape Parliament had rejected the bill for the
separation of the provinces.
Sir George Grey had not left for New Zealand.

The Finance Committee had recommended a loan
of £200,000 for the service of the present year. It
was proposed to increase the revenue by £lOO,OOO
in the following manner :—By reimposing trans-
ferred duties, by an increase of the Customs' duties,
a per centage on Bank paper, a stamp tariff, and
legacy and succession duties.
A bill had been introduced for the establishment
of the voluntary principle in regard to Church-rates,
and for the withdrawal of the State grants for fe-
ligious purposes. This measure was progressing in
public favour.

The winter, though late, bad set in with great
severity. There was a frequency of stormy
weather.

Trade was unusually low. The stocks of wine
were low. The losses sustained by the wool specu-
lations in the Eastern Provinces were very consider-
able. There was a good demand for shipping.
Plans were afloat for training schools for masters
and mistresses within the colony.
Nothing further had been heard from Bishop
Mackenzie.

The barque Berenicia, which left England on the
25th of March last, was wrecked on Roeben Island
on the 16th of June. Mrs. O'Liff, Mr. Van Boork,
four children, and one sailor were drowned.
The Bishop of Cape Town held an ordination in
St. George's CathEdral last month.

An English brewing company had been esta
blished in the colony.

The Volunteers continued to increase in pro•
ficiency.

The Norman passed her Majesty's ship Furious
at St. Helena.

DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BUCKING.

HAIII.

The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos departs
this life at the age of 64. Heir to a great position,
he took no mean part in public business, and en-
joyed no small influence in the Legislature. It is
less for this, however, than for the greatness of his
misfortune that he will be longest remembered. He
lost everything but his name. Through his mother
he represented one of the most noble houses in the
laud, the long line of his ancestors being all famed
for their magnificence ; this one known as " The
King of Cotswold," and that as "The Princely
Chanctos." Through his father he was head of that
family of Temples which, including the Grenvilles,
has given more statesmen to the nation than any
other in the land,—First Lords of the Treasury,
First Lords of the Admiralty, Chancellors. of the
Exchequer, Secretaries of ' State without number.
The family had wealth corresponding to its renown,
and, above all, such a treasure-house in its mansion
at Stowe as could only have been created by long
generations of men exalted in station, abounding in
luxury, and accustomed to all the refinements of
life. All vanished under the hammer. All the
priceless heirlooms of an illustrious family were
scattered over the world, to be sold in shops, and to
glitter, some in the halls of hotels, others in the
drawing-rooms of self-made men. The broad acres
went with the treasures which it would be more
difficult to replace, and the Duke of Buckingham
found himself stripped of his heritage, the owner of
little more than the titles of his ancestors. He lost
even his wife, who got a divorce from him. It was
a great fall, that might in its way be compared
with the descent of another Duke of Buckingham,
tq whom on a small scale he bore some resemblance,
and who,
" Stiff in opinions, always in the wrong,
Was everything by starts, and nothing long;
But in the course of one revolving moon
Was chemist, fiddler, statesman, and buffoon ;
Then all for women, painting, rhyming, drinking,
Besides ten thousand freaks that died in thinking.
In squandering wealth was his peculiar art ;
Nothing went unrewarded but desert.
Beggared by fools, whom still he found too late,
He had his jest, and they had his estate."

We might even add the lines in which Zimiri is
said to have laughed himself from Court, and to
have amused himself in forming parties of which
he could never be chief.

Sir Richard Plantagenet Temple Nugent Brydges
Chandos Grenville, Duke and Marquis of Buck-
ingham and Chandos, Earl Temple, Viscount and
Baron Cobham, and, in the peerage of Ireland,
Earl Nugent, was born in the house in Pall-mall
which bears his name on the 11th of February,
1797. His elucation as a boy was private. As he
grew np he went to Oxford. In 1819 he married
Lady Mary Campbell, daughter of the late and
sister of the present Lord Breadalbane, by whom
he had two children, the Marquis of Chandos, who
succeeds to the title, and a daughter, Lady Anne
Gore Langton. He entered the House of Commons
in 1826 as member for Bucks, which county he re-
presented till the death of his father in 1839.
There, if ho showed no brilliant talents, he made a
respectable figure, and he gave his name to a pro-
vision of the Reform Bill known as the " Chandos
clause," which extends the franchise in counties to
tenancies of £5O. It is the only part of the Reform
Bill which is identified w ith any one man's name,
and Lord John Russell has always maintained that
it had the effect of destroying the symmetry of the
Whig measure, and frustrating Whig expectations
in the counties. The Duke—the Marquis—stood
forward as the county member and farmer's friend.
In 1836 he obtained a select committee in the House
of Commons for the consideration of the grievances
and depressed state of the agriculturists. When
Sir Robert Peel came into office he was made a
Cabinet Minister, with the office of Lord Privy
Seal, but when the Premier proposed to deal with
the Corn-laws, in 1842, the Duke, rather than per-
mit the question to be opened, retired from the Go-
vernment. He never again held office. His troubles
overtook him and crushed him down. After this
disaster the public heard little of him save as an
author. He collected all the correspondence of his
family, and the friends of his family, which threw
light on the political intrigues of Courts and Cabi-
nets ever since George 111. began to reign, and
published it with a connecting narrative. There
may be a doubt whether some of the communica

tion- s have not been published too soon, but there
can be no question as to the value of the materials
which he provided, which extend to many volumes.
The Duke was engaged in another historical work
when he died. •

THE DUCHESS OF KENT'S MAUSOLEUM.--The
mausoleum which hag been erected in the gardens of Frog-
more Lodge, and which is to receive the remains of the late
Duchess of Bent, was consecrated on Wednesday afternoon
by the Bishop of Oxford. The structure, which is in sight
of the mansion, is planned after the model of a small Greek
temple, but not so elaborate in its details as the well-known
monument of Lysicrates at Athens, which is of the Corin-
thian order. It was at the Duchess's request that the mau-
soleum was erected, and during its progress she frequently
visited it. It is circular in plan, an l has an inner diameter
of 12ft., with provision in the centre for the erection of a
pedestal, on which ultimately wi►l be placed a statue of the
deceased, the size of life, and executed in Carrara marble.
The circular basis of the mausoleum is surrounded by a
peristyle in the lonic order, consisting of 16 columns, 10ft.
in height, the shafts of which display beautiful monoliths,
composed of Penryn marble 10ft. 4in. high, the capitals and
bases being executed in gun-metal. The door-way is simple
in its details, consisting merely of a bounding moulded
architrave enclosing the gates, which are of bronze, and
enriched by panels containing Scriptural subjects. The
entablature of the order is embellished with heads and
vases, the latter of which are executed in granite. The
edifice is covered with a copper dome, having a balustrade at
its summit. In its consecration the Bishop of Oxford was
assisted by the Hon, and Very Rev. Dr. Gerald Wellesley,
Dean of Windsor; the Hon. and Rev. Charles Leslie Cour-
tenay, M.A., Canon of Windsor; and one of het Majesty's
Chaplains; the Rev. J. St. John Blunt, M.A., Chaplain
to the Prince Consort, and Vicar of Old Windsor; the Rev.
H. J. Ellison, 31,A., chaplain at the Castle, and Vicar of
Windsor; and the Rev. Charles Lloyd, M.A., Rector of
Great Hampden.
THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1862.

Her Majesty's Commissioners for the International Exhi-
bition of 1862 held a meeting at their offices, in the Strand,
yesterday, The building committee held 4 Ft9etirg at,
south Kensington yesterday.