The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 19, 1859.

METROPOLITAN, COUNTIES, AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
27, Regent-street, Waterloo-place, London, S.W.
Life Assurance, Annuities, and Endowments.
Loans on real and personal security.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager.

irHE IXAI}IONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE
031 SOCIETY.
6, New 131144-street, Blackfriars, London.
!Established 1823.
The lowest rates of Premium on the Mutual System.
The whole of the Profits divided every Fifth ' car.
Assets amounting to £1,840,000.
The Bonus additions in 1859 (which averaged £65 per Cent.
on the Premiums paid) amounted to £475,000, the sum of
£590,000 haying been added as Bonus at previous Divisions.
The Annual Income exceeds £260,000.
The Society continues its invariable practice of making no
charge for service in ally volunteer corps.
ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary.

ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
SPECIAL NOTICE.-BONUS OF 1864.

Proposals for Assurance should be made before the Ist
Tanuary, 1860, to entitle the Assured to Participation in the
Division of Profits in 1861.

THE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE and
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.

Established 1836.

Offices—No. 1, Dale-street, Liverpool, and 20 and 21, Poultry,
London.
Liability of Proprietors Unlimited.
Invested Funds
PROGRESS OF TIIE COMPANY. _

Tear. Fire Premiums. Life Premiums. Invested Funds
18)8 35,472 .... 19,810 388,990
1853 .... 113,612 .... 49,128 620,898
1838 .... 276,058 .... 121,411 .... 1,136,035
The Annual Income exceeds £450,000.

Policies expiring on CHRISTMAS-DAY should be re-
newed before the nth of January.
SWINTON BOULT, Secretary to the Company.

LIFE ASSURANCE. ADVICE OFFICE,
No. 1, Finch-lane, Cornhill.—" Who's your Insurance
adviser ?" DAViES and Co. ; and the following is their
advice to intending assurers, with a postscript to all who are
assured already :—When about to insure your life, pay little or
no regard to the amount per cent. of annual premium charged,
for a £5OO policy in one office will yield with its accumulations
absolutely more than a £l,OOO policy and accumulations in
another. But, as your money cannot be recalled, test an
office by the following questions, and refuse to insure with a
Society that refuses to answer them. " Subscribed capital "
is a deception, ask therefore the total amount of the paid-up
and accumulated capital? The annual income? The total
amount assured, and number of policies in force ? And in
order to guard against the present practice of punishing both
misfortune and neglect by the forfeiture of all that has been
paid, ask particularly whether the Society has adopted " the
Davies of Finch-lane Clause," viz. :—lfave they fixed how
many annual premiums must be paid in respect of a policy
before it acquires an inalienable value—that is—A VALUE
THAT CANNOT BE FORFEITED ; and how much of the pre-
miums paid such value will consist'of ? Or, to avoid risk,
apply to Messrs. Davies and Co., No. 1, Finch-lane, who are
not the agents of any lite assurance society.
Our postscript to those who are assured already:—
Demand of the Society with whom your life is assured that
they adopt "THE DAVIES OF FINCH LANE CLAUSE,"—
namely, "That they fix how many annual premiums you
must pay upon your policy before it acquires A VALUE THAT
CANNOT BE FORFEITED ; and what proportion of the pre-
miums paid such value will consist of." And if the Society
refuse to do so, then surrender your policies and re-assure in
an office which has adopted it ; and, mark ! The sum you will
receive for the surrender of your Policy will pay for many
years the difference of premium which will be required by an-
other Society on account of your increased age. But to avoid
all risk, apply to DAVIES and Co., 1, Finch-lane, Cornhill.

LIFE ASSURANCE.—The holders of Forfeited
Policies are requested to communicate the particulars
of the cause of forfeiture, and how many premiums had been
paid upon them, to Messrs. DAVIES and Co.. Advice Office
for Lite Assurers, 1, Finch-lane, Cornhill. Messrs. DAVIES
and Co., advance money (at 5 per cent. per annum interest)
to continue the premiums on policies in good offices.

cIEWELL and CO. beg to announce that they
ki have purchased by public tender the stock in trade of
Mr. JAMES SHEARER, of 56 and 57, Tottenham Court-road,
at a lame discount from the cost price. The stock consists of
SILKS, SHAWLS, LACE, HOSIERY, HABE it DAS HE RY,
FAMILY DRAPERY, FLANNELS, WOMEN'S and
CHILDREN'S UNDERCLOTHING, RIBBONS, &c., which
will be sold on this and following days, at Compton-house,
41, 45, 46, Old Compton-street, Soho.

DECAYED TEETH AND TOOTHACHE.-
HOWARD'S ENAMEL for stopping decayed teeth,
however large the cavity. It is used in a soft state without
pressure or pain, and hardens into a white enamel. It remains
in the tooth many years, rendering extraction unnecessary
and arresting the decay. Sold by all medicine vendors
Price Is.

DU BARRY'S REVALENTA ARABICA
CHOCOLATE POWDER Contains the greatest
amount of easily assimilated nourishment for strengthening
delicate persons, children, and infants with weak stomachs,
chest, or nerves, and, at 3-pence per meal, affords a delicious
break fast, lunch, dr supper. It is the best dietetic horncepa-
thic preparation, and may be eaten either alone or mixed with
Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food. Admirably adapted to
rear Infants with. In Tins at is. 6d ; lib., 35.; 21b., ss. 9d. ;
Mb. 12s. ; 121 b.. 265. The 121 b. forwarded carriage free, on
receipt of Post-office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-
street, London ; and through all Grocers and Chemists.

NO MORE MEDICINE;
DU 11% 'IRY'S DELICIOUS ItEALTH-RESTORING
RE VAL E NVA A RABICA FOOD Cures effectually Indiges-
tion (dyspepsia), constipation, flatulency;plilegm, nervousness,
biliousness, liver complaints, hysteria, neuralgia, sleepless-
ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, eruptions, impurities,
irritability, low spirits, diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhoids,
headache, noises in the head and ears, debility, diabetes,
pains between the shoulders, despondency, cramps, spasms,
nausea, and sickness (during pregnancy or at seal, sinking
fits, cough, asthma, bronchitis, consumption, also Children's
complaints.
We extract a few out of 50,000 eiepressions of gratitude from
nvalids thus cured : Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies of
many years' dyspepsia. Care No. 49,832. "Fifty years' in-
describable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma,
cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the
stomach and vomiting, have been removed by Du Barry's
excellent Food," Maria Joly. Cure No. 53,816. Field Mar-
shall the Duke of Pluskow, of dyspepsia, constipation, ner-
vousness and liver complaints which had resisted all baths
and medical treatment. Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth
Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low
spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure No. 18,216. Dr. Andrew
17re, of constipation, dyspepsia, andnervous irritability. Cure
No. 34,210. Dr. Shorland, of dropsy and debility. Cure No.
36,212. Captain Allan, of epileptic fits. Cure No. 36,418. Rev.
Dr. Minster, of cramps, spasms and daily voinitings. Cure No.
26,418. Dr. II ervey, ot diarrlicea and debility. Cure No. 29,628. Dr.
Wurtzerof consumption. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts.
merchant, Frimley, Surrey, of 20 years' diseased lungs, spitting
of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness. Cure No. 4,208.
Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps,
spasms, and nausea, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's
health-restoring Food. • Rev. John W. Flavell, Millington
Rectory, Norfolk."—Cure No. 3,906, of thirteen years' cough.
ndicrestion, and general debility. James Porter, Athol-street,
Perth. Sold in canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d. ; 21b. 4s. 64. ; 121 b. 22s ;
Super refined quality, 51b. 225. ; 101 b. 335. The 10Ib. and 121 b.
canisters are forwarded carriage free, on receipt of Post-office
order. Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ;
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., purveyors to her Majesty, 182,
Piccadilly ; also at 60, Gracechurch-street ; 330, Strand ; 4,
Cheapside ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate-street ; 105 and 63, Oxford-
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road ; also •in Liverpool, at
Nixnps, 1, Castle-street; Leeds, Reinhardt and Co. :Dublin,
Dr. Butler, Medical Hall; 'Manchester, Sharp and Scott,
Rdinburirb, #ftimes and Ce

The prosecution of the Guienne of Bordeaux for
publishing the letter falsely attributed to King Victor
Emmanuel came on two days ago before the Correctional
Tribunal of that city. M. Henry Ribadieu, the managing
editor, and M. Justin Dupny, the printer of the journal,
were each fined 300 f.
The Semaphore of Marseilles states that during
the last three days the N.W. mistral had set in, and the
squalls were at times so violent that persons walking in
exposed places had been thrown down, and even carriages
blown over. The wind, independently of its violence, was
also dreadfully cold, and the temperature had so fallen that
the fountains were completely frozen up, a circumstance
which had not occurred for many years. The railway car-
riages arriving from Lyons were covered with a thick layer
of snow. At Toulon the snow had fallen to the depth of
six inches.

- -
El s CONSUMPTION INCURABLE? —lnvalids labouring
under Consumptive Maladies, and families who have
suffered from the ravages of Consumption (and what
family in the empire is there who has not to deplore a
loss caused by this scourge of the human race ?) will find
a satisfactory answer to the question, " Is Consumption In-
curable," in an original article by Dr. DENIS CuoNIN,
M.D., 35, Bruton-street, Berkeley-square, W. Published in
the "household Physician," in numbers, one penny each
by G. Berger, 19, Holywell-street, Strand. From Ito 9 now
ready.

JOHN BRO JVA",s LAST LETTER TO BIS

_FAMILY.

A letter of Brown's has peen published, in which
he expressed doubts as to the propriety of his wife
visiting him in prison to bid him farewell, and,it is
probable that the subjoined letter from 8r0N.,-1 to
his wife and children was written under thek-.;alief

hat no interview between them would take place :
join.; BROWN'S LAST LETTER TO HIS FAMILY.
" Charlestown Prison, Jefferson Co., Va.,
Nov. 30, 1859.

" My Dearly Beloved Wife, Sons and Daughters,
Everyone,—As I now begin what is probably the
last letter I shall ever write to any of you, I con-
clude to write to all at the same time. I will men-
tion some little matters particularly applicable to
little property concerns in another place.
" I recently received a letter from my wife, from
near Philadelphia, dated Nov. 22, by which it
would seem that she was about giving up the idea
of seeing me again. I had written her to come
on if she felt equal to the undertaking, but I do not
know that she will get my letter in time. It was
on her own account chiefly that I asked her to stay
back. At first I had a most strong desire to see
her again, but there appeared to be very serious
objections ; and should we never meet in this life,
I trust that she will in the end be satisfied it was
for the best at least, if not most for her comfort. I
enclosed in my last letter to her a draft of 50 dol-
lars from John Jay, made payable to her order. I
have now another to send her, from my excellent
old friend Edward Harris, of Woonsocket, R. 1.,
for 100 dols., which I shall also make payable to
her order.

" I am waiting the hour of my public murder
with. great composure
.of mind and cheerfulnem,
feeling the strong assurance that in no other possible
way could I be used to so much advantage to the
cause of good and of humanity, and that nothing
that either I or all my family have sacrificed or
suffered will be lost. The reflection that a
wise and merciful, as well as just and holy God,
rules not only the affairs of this world, but of all
worlds, is a rock to set our feet upon under all cir-
cumstances—even those more severely trying ones
into which our own feelings and wrongs have placed
us. I have now no doubt but that our seeming dis-
aster will ultimately result in the most glorious suc-
cess; so, my dear shattered and broken family, be
of good cheer, and believe and trust in God with all
your heart, and with all your soul ; for He doeth all
things well. Do not feel ashamed on my account,
nor for one moment despair of the cause or grow
weary of welldoing. I bless God I never felt stronger
confidence in the certain and near approach of a
bright morning and a glorious day than I have felt,
and do now feel, since my confinement here, lam
endeavouring to return, like a poor prodigal as I
am, to my Father, against whom I have always
sinned, in the hope that He may kindly and forgiv-
ingly meet me, though a very great way off.
" Oh ! my dear wife and children, would to God
yon could know I have been travailing in birth for
you all, that no one of you may fail of the grace of
God.

" Through Jesus Christ, that no one of you may
be blind to the truth and glorious light of His Word
in which life and immortality are brought to light.
I beseech you every one, to make the Bible your
daily and nightly study, with a childlike, honest,
candid, teachable spirit oflove and resptct for your
husband and father.

" And I beseech the God of my fathers to open
all your eyes to the discovery of the truth. You can-
not imagine how much you may soon need the con-
solations of the Christian religion. Circumstances
like my own for more than a month past have con-
vinced me beyond all doubt of our great need of sow
theories treasured up when our prejudices are excited
our vanity worked up to the highest pitch. Oh! do
not trust your eternal all upon the boisterous ocean
without even a helm or compass to aid you in
steering. I do not ask any of you to throw away
your reason; I only ask you to make a candid, sober
use of your reason.
"My dear younger children, will you listen to
this last poor admonition of one who can only love
you ? Oh ! be determined at once to give your
whole heart to God, and let nothing shake or alter
that resolution. You need have no fears of regret-
ting it. Do not be vain and thoughtless, but sober
minded ; and let me entreat you all to love the
whole remnant of our once great family. Try and
build up again your broken walls and to make the
utmost of every stone that is left. Nothing can so
tend to make life a blessing as the consciousness

that your life and example bless and leave you
the stroiger. Still, it is ground of the utmost com-
fort to my mind to know that so many of you
as have had the opportunity have given some proof
of your fidelity to the great family of men. Be
faithful unto death; from the exercise of habitual
love to man it cannot be very, hard to learn to love
his Maker.

" I must yet insert the reason for my firm belief
in the Divine inspiration of the Bible, notwith-
standing I am perhaps naturally sceptical, certainly
not credulous. I wish all to consider it most
thoroughly when you read that blessed book, and
see whether you cannot discover such evidence
yourselves. It is the purity of heart feeling our
mind, as well as work and actions, which is every-
where insisted on, that distinguishes it from all
other teachings, that commends it to my conscience.
Whether my heart be willing and obedient or not
the inducement that it holds out is another reason
of my convictions of its truth and genuineness ; but
I do not here omit this my last argument on the
Bible, that eternal life is what my soul is panting
after this moment. I mention this as a reason for
endeavouring to leave a valuable copy of the Bible
to be carefully preserved in remembrance of me, to
see many of my posterity instead of some other
book at equal cost.
" I beseech you all to live in habitual conteit-
ment with moderate circumstances and gains of
worldly store, and earnestly to teach this to your
children and children's children, by
example as
well as precept. Be determined to know by expe-
rience as soon as may be whether Bible instruction
is of divine origin or not. Be sure to owe no man
anything, but to love one another. John Rogers
wrote to his children. " Abhor that arrant whore
of Rome." John Brown writes to his children to
abhor, with undying hatred also, that sum of all
villanies—slavery. Remember, he that is slow to
anger is better than the mighty, and he that ruleth
in spirit than he that taketh a city. Remember,
also, that they, being wise, shall shine, and they
that turn many to righteousness as the stars for
ever and ever.
" And now, dearly beloved family, to God and
he work of His grace I commend you all,
" Your affectionate husband and father,
JOIIN BROWN."

THE EXECUTION OF OLD JOE BROWN.

(From the Times.)
We have been so far removed for a quarter of a
century from all national interest in the question
of slavery that we may look with impartial eyes
on the strange events which have recently occurred
on the other side of the Atlantic. An old man was
hanged on the 2d of December at Charlestown,
Virginia, who will probably be remembered as a
hero by the Abolitionists of both countries for some
time to come. We sincerely wish that " Old Cap-
tain John Brown" had not met his death at the
hands of the executioner. But this wish leads us
back to other and still other wishes, until we find
ourselves wishing that the whole framework of
American society were not what it is. The fate of
John Brown is connected with the growth of
cotton in India or West Africa, with the instincts
of the Anglo-Saxon race, with the intellectual
powers of the African, with the principles of self-
government, with the theory of the American Con-
stitution. There are certainly people who think
that a slaveholding community has no right to
take the life of a would-be liberator of their slaves,
and that the principles of natural justice require
them to be considered as murderers as much as the
burglar who shoots the policeman who arrests him.
Into these abstract questions of moral right we
shall not enter. The Virginians have hanged poor
old Brown, and there is no profit in further discus-
sing the question, unless the actual state of Ameri-
can society and the rights of the governing
communities be taken for granted.

Vv
.
The people of Massachusetts have made great
demonstrations of sympathy for the criminal, and
the sympathy of sucti a people is a title to the
consideration of the world. No community of
which we have any knowledge approaches in en-
lightenment and morality to the inhabitants of this
part of the Union, where, though wealth may not
be heaped up in masses, as in New York, yet
poverty hardly exists, education is universal, and
the tone of society is singularly high-minded,
honourable, and liberal. Massachusetts may be
taken to represent the extreme section of northern
politicians ; and the sympathy for Brown fullest in
this part of the country, will taper off until in
some of the Free States public opinion will be en-
-1 tirely on the side of his executioners. What
I Abolitioubt feelings, intentions, and powers are

may therefore be best judged by observing the
conduct of Massachusetts. So far, too, as the North
is Abolitionist, Massachusetts may be taken as a
type of the North. What, then, is the lesson to be
learnt from the recent demonstrations ? The first
thing that strikes us is that the North did nothing
until Brown was executed, and then it began to
make speeches. This certainly does not give us
any exalted notion of their zeal or determination
of purpose. The idea of the Boston people prepar-
ing before-hand a great meeting, engaging speakers
and seats, designing inscriptions against the
day that Brown should be executed, and
when the telegraph brought the news of the
event, rushing to the hall and listening to
flowery speeches, as if horrified by a sudden crime,
mixes something of the ludicrous with the tragic
occurrence. This meeting and other demonstra-
tions throughwlt the state are given at great length
in the Boston papers. The most important took •
place in the Legislature, where motions to adjourn
were made, both in the Senate and the House of
Representatives. Strong expressions were used.
One speaker compared Virginia to a pirate ship,
and thought that slaves should be delivered on land
as well as at sea. Another considered the Governor
of Virginia guilty of wilful murder, and thought
that the hanging of Brown would be the hanging
of the whole State of Virginia. In the end, how-
ever, both houses refused to adjourn. Then came a
meeting at "Tremont Temple." Various mottoes '
from the speeches of John Brown, Washington,
Lafayette, and Jefferson were hung round the
walls. The Virginians were declared to ba7c made
military preparations at Brown's execution, though
there was no foe but what they found in their own
conscieppekik*%: nor Wise was Pontiu:=, Pilate,
:end. 'Pretoat , . Was The, Vir-
ginians bad said, " Deliver unto u, the Barabbas of
slavery, and let John Brown be crucified." After
this piece of profane blasphemy, the Rev. J. Sella
Martin said he would use the homceopathic prin-
ciple, " Let those that live by the sword die by the
sword." Mr. Griffin thought the meeting had done
great injustice to a historical character. He must
take upon himself to defend Pontius Pilate from
any comparison with Governor Wise. The chair-
man should apologise to the memory of Pontius
Pilate. (Applause.) Then the military prepara-
tions of Virginia became the object of derision.
The militia at Brown's execution " had flint locks
to their guns in the year 1859. If they wanted to
shoot a northern fanatic they could not get their
bgr great at u
tghhet e
fir
ri
st t wba
rs e ie.ec tl eo da
dt
ihnagt
Jg ouhn s oßffr.o"w nl Amidl
a d
musket into Virginia, and that the ignorant abo-
rigines of that State thought that it must be broken.
The Rev. John Pierpoint repeated some heroic
couplets of his own composition, among which was
the following. Alluding to " the South," he ex-
claims,—

"But when to-morrow's sun in blood goes down,
It will breathe free, no longer fearing Brown."
Mr. Garrison, the most conspicUous Abolitionist of
the day, then " drew a fine picture of the results
which would follow if the Union could be divided
and a firm healthy Government formed, stretching
from the Atlantic to the Pacific." At Worcester a
meeting was held equally enthusiastic, at which Mr.
Hugginson made, as it seems to us, the most sensi-
ble remarks. He said, "We talk we build John
Brown a monument of words. We don't occupy a
very sublime position to-night." This language
was much more suitable to the situation than d-
clamations that " General Wise had committed a
murder that be had no right to."
Bells were tolled probably in every town in Mas-
sachusetts, and in many throughout the entire
North. Yet we will venture to say that in a few
days everything was quiet again, and John Brown,
for whom parallels were sought in history, sacred
and profane, was judged in the true light, as a cou-
rageous old man, maddened by the partisan warfare
of the West, and whom it would have been as well
for the State of Virginia to pardon, if possible. The
truth is, that these Abolitionist meetings and de-
monstrations express only an impulse, and not a eon-
viction, of the Northern people. There is not one
American in a thousand who would act on the prin-
ciples which were applauded in " Tremont Temple"
and in numbers of other places after Brown's execu-
tion. Happily for the peace of society and the
security of the Republic, there is a strong Conser-
vative feeling throughout the Union, and Mr. Gar-
rison's scheme for a secession of the Northern States
will find favour only with a narrow clique even in
his own city. The Central States of the Union,—
such as New York and Pennsylvania, will never
permit the fanatics of either. Worth or South to
imperil the fob' ic of American nationality. But
their interfevence will never be required, for
even in Massachusetts and South Carolina ex-
treme opinions are allowed expressions only because
they are are felt to be practically harmless. These
noisy and useless demonstrations of so enlight-
ened a community as that of New England are,
however, not without their evil effect. They em-
bitter the slaveholders against the North, while they
give them the conviction that the North fears to
oppose them. The Virginian authorities might
have spared Brown, had it not been openly boasted
in the frontier free States that he should be rescued
on the very drop by an army of Abolitionists. Go-
vernor Wise was told that he durst not hang Brown
,--that 5,000 Freesoilers could march from one and
of Virginia to the other ; that the negroes would be
made to rise in earnest this time, and so on. In
short, a section of fanatics, in the name of the North,
threw out a challenge to the entire South, and by
so doing sealed Brown's fate. The Virginians hanged
the poor old man, and the rescuers did not move, but
when the tragedy was complete began to indulge in
the useless declamation we have recorded. The re-
sult will be to strengthen the South by the adhesion
of that floating mass of opinion which in every
country lies between the two extremes. Whatever
may be the future of the negro race, no one in his
senses can believe that its regeneration can be
effected by inciting it to murder planters and ravish
white women, and, if any man chooses to head an
outbreak of this kind, he must expect to meet a fate
which right-thinking men will not glorify with the
crown of martyrdom.

(From the Morning -Advertiser.) 1
The star-spangled banner has received a foul stain
—a stain cruelly offensive to the eyes of those who
are wont to look with sympathy towards the great
Republic beyond the ocean. John Brown, the de-
fender—ill-advised it may be—but still the defender
of the outraged cause of humanity; John Brown,
the man whe staked his fortune, his life, and all
that he held dear in the vindication of the inalien-
able rights of a degraded race of fellow-beings—
was brought to the scaffold at Charlestown on the
2d inst., and there hanged like a common mur-
derer. Down to the last moment men had hoped
that the escutcheon of the Transatlantic Com-
monwealth would not be tarnished by so dis-
graceful a " legal murder." All over Europe,
wherever the traffic in human flesh is abhorred as
a Cain's act, the news from the United States, as
each mail succeeded the other, was eagerly scanned
for some ray of hope. The fervent wishes of all
good men were for the rescue of John Brown from
the grip• of the hangman. Victor Hugo, from his
place of exile, stepped forth to address an appeal
for mercy to the Republican authorities—an appeal
in whi▪
ch he pathetically exclaims :—" Yes, there is,
and let America well reflect upon it, something
more terrible yet than the slaughter of Abel by his
brother Cain—and that is the murder of Spartacus
by the hand of Washington !"
But the prayers of noble•hearted men have been
doomed to disappointment. The last mail from the
United States has brought the dreadful report of
the execution of Brown on that December day
which has already become celebrated as so fatal to
European liberty. As though they wishei, in ad-
dition to the cruelty of the procedure, to mock the
feelings of the "Abolitionist" and "Republican"
parties, the judicial authorities appointed as the
day for dragging a wounded old man to the scaffold
the very anniversary which marks the strangling
of the. Republic in France. The foul deed was ac-
companied with other allusions of an equally hate-
ful character. Thus, for instance, the rope with
which John Brown was to be hung was, previous to
being employed for the fell purpose, exposed for
show in the sheriff's office, with the announcement
,
that " it was made of cotton from South Carolin?.. '
The produce of slave hands was to serve as an in-
strument for strangling the man who had fought
and bled for the freedom of the negro ! Such a re-
finement of fiendish cruelty almost staggers our
belief, when even the last hour of death is not sacred
from the gibes and jeers of triumphant malice.
No wonder that that portion of the Press in
America, which recognises in John Brown a brave,
enthusiastic, though rash champion of the good
cause, should have beea driven furious by the de-
cree of death pronounced against the venerable
hero. Foremost in energetic expression of their
indignation are the anti-slavery organs of the Ger-
man Press in the United States. One of them
speaks out thus :—" The whole State of Virginia,
which calls itself the chivalrous, has become con-
• verted into a camp of hangmen. From Governor
Wise down to the last ruffian, all have become
hangmen. Charlestown is occupied by two thousand

armed hangmen. All the Christian temples of the
place have been converted into barracks for hang-
men. Whoever desires to enter Virginia just now
must wend his way through guards and bands of
self-elected hangman. The place of-execution, on
December 2, is to be a vast open space, surrounded
by an army of hangmen, to enable the, chief execu-
tioner to ply his calling with complacency and com-
fort, and to prevent the possibility of any sympa-
thising car from catching the dying words of the
assassinated hero of freedom. To back up and coun-
tenance this array of Virginian hangmen, a small
army of United States troops will not be wanting,
troops converted for the nonce, by the Chief Magis-
trate of the Republic, into a brigade of hangmen.
What are we called upon now to behold as the
highest and most honourable task of the President,
the governors, the army, and militia of the Repub-
lic? Not the sacred duty of guarding its freedom
and its rights, but the loathsome vocation of hang-
men, for murdering the champions of freedom who
have endeavoured to rescue their country from the
curse of slavery."
John Brown is now no more ; but while his me-
mory is befouled by the libertines who treat the
negro as the beast of the field, his name will be
esteemed by all those who hold it the fundamental
law of civilised society not to allow any portion of
the human family to be degraded into servile bon-
dage. John Brown is dead, but his spirit is still
abroad. Woe to the deluded men who dwell as
nigger-drivers in the South, if they think they can
now with i mpunitycouti nue th eir profligate tyranny!
Woe to them if, to the entreaties of the North, they
should continue to oppose the same menace of car-
rying the bouudities of the slave district oven far-
tll"—into c9"lltrici. hitherto uncontaminated !
pass that
houndar , .he aggression will rebound upon
lihn who has been the original violater of justice.
Who knows but this retribution is already on its
way to overtake the trafficker, in: human flesh—and
in a form more dangerous to the guilty ones than
the ill-organised attempt made at Harper's Ferry ?
All this we say in, shame and sorrow. The people
of England, themselves still hampered in the free-
dom of their political action by a feudalist oligarchy,
have always looked with pride at the growing
power and liberties of their kinsmen across the
ocean, hoping that the one marring feature, Slavery,
would in due time be got rid of, or at least be pre-
vented from eating cancer-like into the American
body politic. The people of England, and the organs
of English Liberalism, are therefore not among
those likely to cast a stone undeservedly at their
Transatlantic brethren. It is a sad and most un•
welcome dirty for us to take up in this manner our
stand against the Republic ; but, as it is a duty,
all other considerations must give way. Let us,
however, still hope that the blood of John Brown
will not have been shed in vain—that men, when
the first intoxication of revengeful feeling has
passed away, will become more accessible to per-
suasion—that a conviction will spring up of the
necessity of doing something in, justice to human
rights, lest civil war should spring up throughout
the Commonwealth, and the manes of John Brown
be avenged by a Servile Rebellion.
What friend of freedom is there that would not
wish to see such a fate averted from the American
Republic ? How despots would chuckle should they
see the great democratic State rent asunder by in-
ternal convulsion—the glorious Union divided into
some strips of territory, each of which would be se-
cluded from the other by hostile barriers ! But to
this, unfortunately, it must come if the cause of
humanity continues to be outraged by
.a set of
reckless man-sellers, whose abominable profligacy
has reached such a height that they already exhi-
bit their coloured fellow-men as cattle shows, and
award each other prizes for the production of the
greatest amount of bone and muscle in the bodies
of their human cattle ! 'Would that a reaction of in-
dignant feeling were at last visible among the
population of the South ! For the first principles
of humanity cannot thus be violated year by year
without a rightful retribution falling on the heads
of the guilty. Punishment may be slow in coming ;
it may hobble, as the proverb has it, on crutches,
but it knocks at the door at last.

NEW CALEDONI.4.

The following is the narrative in the Moniteur
alluded to by our Paris correspondent:—
Sept. 3, 1859.—F0r some time past the French
authorities at New Caledonia had felt the greatest
anxiety for the security of our rising establishment
of Kanala. Their chief attention had to be directed
to the protection of the colonists, who were begin-
ning to collect round about Napoleonville' and from
the commencement of July measures had beau
taken by Commandant Saisset, the governor, for
confronting the threatening attitude of the inhabit-
ants of Hyenguene, which gave rise , to an ex-
tremely dangerous agitation in- all directions.
The Hyenguene tribe is the most warlike one
in the country ; it formerly had at its head a
very enterprising chief named Bonaratte, whom
Rear-Admiral Dubouzet saw himself obliged to have
removed, and who is now living' at Tahiti. A few
Europeans of the worst description, convicts escaped
from penitentiary colonies, had contended for the
right of succeeding that chief, and had achieved
their design of arming the Hyenguene people, and
inspiring them with the idea of taking the offensive
against us. ' The necessity of previously finishing
a military post at Napoleonville had caused a delay,
which had only served to increase the confidence of
the tribe, and the insolence of adventurers who had
undertaken to excite it. Things had come to such
a pass, that the tribe threatened to come and attack
the governor at Kanala.
The expeditionary corps was at length able to
start for its destination on the 31st of August, and
landed next day on the enemy's territory. It con-
sisted of barely 160 men. They were divided into
eight detachments. The first two, under the direc-
tion of Commandant Durand, occupied the defiles
of the northern extremity of the Peninsula ; the
other six, under the direction of the governor him-
self, made for the south. They endeavotired to get
the Caledonian masses between two fires. But our
troops were not numerous enough to bar their pas-
sage, far less to surround them, and this first day
was far from being decisive. During the whole of
the night the expeditionary corps was annoyed in
its encampment ; invisible enemies assailed it with
a shower of stones mixed with musket shots, to
which it was impossible to reply efficaciously, and
one soldier was killed by a musket shot fired nearly
point blank.
On the following day, Sept. 2, the operations
continued on both sides of the river, where our men
burned several villages. At the attack of the first
village Capt. Tricot was mortally wounded, so that
the expeditionary corps the day after it had taken
the field lost one captain and one private, and it
counted aready 19 wounded. It found itself re-
duced to about 140 men fit for duty, and the resist-
ance of the Hyenguenes did not appear to slacken.
However, on the first day, the European chief,
who had been, the principal agent of the insurree-
tian, fell into the hands of one of the French de-
tachments. On the third day we likewise suc-
ceeded in capturing two other whites, his accom-
plices.
The position of these individuals taken with
arms in their hands was very clear ; martial law,
proclaimed at the beginning of the expedition, was
applicable to them in all its rigour. The governor,
appearing however to hope that their capture
would suffice to discourage the revolt, did not
hasten to put a council of war in a capacity to de-
cide upon their fate ; he waited, it seems, to see
discouragement seize the masses thus deprived of
their principal leaders ; but he was able to ascer-
tain that the Europeans who continued to direct
them were far from abandoninr, their cause, and
that, on the contrary, they showed themselves re-
solved to continue the resistance with the same
vigour. During the following days the expedi-
tionary corps was kept continually oni the alert
by the natives, who stole under, shelter of the
thickets to surprise the sentinels. 1. he famous Jack,
who is a European in colour only, more savage than
the Caledonians whose mode of life he has adopted,
and completely naked like them, succeeded in
getting. within 30 paess of the encampment, and
delivering his fire. It was feared the expedition
would require fresh and sterner efforts. The num-
ber of our soldiers was not calculated to intimidate
the multitude of armed men who at every instant
crossed our lines; the indulgence shown by our
commander towards the three arrested individuals
had evidently for its result the encouragement of
the natives, and tended only to prolong a contest
which could not last long without becoming danger-
ous to our troops already so harassed by the opera-
tions of the two first days. Necessity, therefore,
required, and the governor's responsibility was seri-
ously compromised if he hesitated to enforce the ap-
plication of the law. On the Bth of September the
Commandant Saisset convoked the council of war, to
which he presented the articles of accusation. The
guilt of the three prisoners was so notorious, and
the nature of the penalty so distinctly indicated by
that of the crime, that the sentence could not be
doubtful. The Court decreed immediate execution.