The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-04 00:00:00

,etteV,7ll77, , A\v4.
- I"V`F''IV:S'.•.,,,
_,;?:,:kr - r.
and peasant classes in Hungary wool 0.,..r.q 11!,,-,tiw ~4
..illl+l, 1,
olvesolisposed to give an unmista.kabl v ,octilipoy
..-%
lido:ice in the late Austrian Governmen :--brll-en 4.- 's
sence of all the facts ;that he had just recapittihted"'
to the Chancellor he could not understand the obsti-
nate refusal on the part of the Diet to accept the
Constitution and send deputies to the Reichsrath,
at:' ho must confess that he had come to the con-
.,iction that it was attributable solely to that stub-
born spirit of contradiction which, side by side with
many excellent qualities, was peculiar to the Hun-
garian people,
and which for centuries had been
recognised by every successive Government; mea-
sures emanating from the Government had invari-
ably met with the most decided opposition. But
the Ministry hoped, by perseverance, to overcome
this; it hoped that the Hungarians would end by
becomingn enlightened as to the utility of the pro-
posed institutions, and that thus the constitutional
i
settled. He per-
sqiusetesctliotnhewmouolrde aitn ltahsitsbaeichwaPEciel3a-use an the means
for arriving at an understanding proposed on a pre-
vious day by two eloquent members of the Cham-
ber appeared to him impracticable. Dr. Smolka
had proposed to replace Hungary on the footing
of 1848, to complete the Diet, and then to wait
and see what share of its constitutional proro-
gative it would voluntarily sacrifice to the cen-
tral Government. Amid the laughter of the
Chamber M. von Schmerling declared that be
thought it hazardous to try this means of set-
tling the matter. Possession was a good thing,
and people did not, generally, voluntarily give
up a house if they were able to maintain them-
selves in it, nor did a General abandon an advan-
tageous position for the chance of having to take
it by storm the next day, perhaps at the price of
10,000 corpses, He would do better to hold his
position, and wait till he was attacked and driven
out. That was the point of view of the Austrian
Government, which would stand upon the Consti-
tution, and not voluntarily abandon its ground, in
order perhaps to receive from Hungary, by way of
concession and as a gift, a part of the prerogative
referr6d to This' exiiressed-- determination was
much applauded and approved by the Left and
Centre of the Chamber. As one of the most inte-
resting and important passages of the speech, I
will translate, without abridgment, M. von
Schmerling's closing sentences :
" A second means which has been recommended to us is
to give up this constitution and grant another in its stead.
(Laughter.) Gentlemen, from various parts of this house
it has been repeatedly shown that Austria came, so to say,
to the brink of ruin exactly by reason of continual political
experiments. Another such experiment is nowrecommended
to us, And I regret for myself and my colleagues that we
must entirely decline trying it, the more so as we are in no
way insured that by its adoption we should attain the end
proposed. For I believe that, in the temper shown by the
Hungarian Diet up to the present time, any constitution
would be rejected which included a House of Representa-
tives in common. And the cardinal point around which re-
volves the question between Austria and Hungary is pre-
cisely that of a common representation. So long therefore
as we do not receive a positive and formal pr3position (and
we should gratefully receive such a one, no matter whence),
showing in what way is to bo modified the constitution to
which such great hostility is manifested, how this repre-
sentative assembly is to be organised, wherein the compe- '
tency of the corporate bodies is to exist, how the Parlia-
ment is to be put together, and how its competency is to be
expressed ; and if it be not shown to us, in connection
therewith, how justice is to be organised and the ad-
ministration established, so long, gentlemen, as we do
not get this laid before us in a precise and accurate
form, so long must yen forgive us if we cherish, for
the child of our creation, a comprehensible affection, and if
we are indisposed to exchange it for any other which may
be promised to us as possible. (Cheers.) Finally, gentle-
men, I believe I may candidly express the views of the Go-
vernment, and declare that it stands firmly by the consti-
tution, that it does not allow itself to be in the least distracted
from so doing because a part of the inhabitants of Austria
have not yet accepted that constitution, and that it appeals
from the ill-advised people to those wbo are better informed,
tranquilly awaiting the moment when, into the hearts of
all dwellers in Austria the conviction shall have forced its
way that, under an upright constitutional system there is
room enough in the Austrian Parliament for all the races,
and all the peoples of the Empire. That, gentlemen, is the
political confession of faith which I, for myself and my col-
leagues, plainly lay before you."

„.

The speech, of which the above is an imperfect
sketch, has decidedly made a great impression.here.
The Minister's distinct and unmistakeable declara-
tion of firm adherence to the constitutional system
has removed some vague doubts and conciliated
persons who before were hardly to be relied upon
as steady and constant supporters of the present
Cabinet. As an orator M. von Schmerling is con-
sidered to have yesterday surpassed himself. His
accomplishments in that respect are not generally
remarkable, but yesterday he spoke with unwonted
fluency and fire. Of course he looks at everything
from the Austrian point of view, just as Dr. Smolka,
on the first day of the debate, entirely adopted the
views of Hungary. Vienna and Pesth are but half
a day's journey apart, but a Norwegian winter and
a Neapolitan summer hardly present a greater con-
trast than is to be found between the political
atmospheres of the Austrian and Hungarian
capitals.
According to the Ost Deutsche Post Count For-
gach has requested to be relieved from his post of
Hungarian Chancellor, and to return to that of
Governor of Bohemia, which has not been filled up
since he vacated it.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

(From the _Regtstrar-Genera's Weekly _Return.)

In the week that ended on Saturday the deaths
of 1,127 persons, of whom 577 were; males and 550
females, were registered in London.. If the deaths
from epidemic cholera in the 35411 week of 1854
are withdrawn from the calculation, it will
be found that the average nun aber of deaths in
corresponding weeks of 10 ye ors (1851-60) was
1,058, and if this result be corr acted for increase of
population, it becomes 1,164.. Consequently the
deaths of last week are slightly below the average
rate of mortality.
At this season, which the; fatal experience of
former years invest with more than ordinary inte-
rest to the London population, it is gratifying to
find that the metropolitan reports, although they
show the existence of the usual summer cholera,
are 'still free from indicat;,ons of the mare virulent
epidemic.
Diarrhoea was fatal last week in 183 cases, of
which 155 occurred to children. Cholera• or chole-
raic dirrahcea was also fatal in 14 cases. A carver
and gilder, aged 59 years, died at 33, Great Mary-
lebone-street of " die.rrlicea (36 hours), cholera (36
hours)." A blacksmith, aged 70 years, died 'An
Lambeth Workhousci of " cholera (24 hours)-
o 4%,ter-
s)-
2.
woman, aged 77 years, died at 7
race, Brompion„ " cholera (4 da;7
_gd 76 years,
e
consecutive
fever, one week." A gentleman,
residing at 32,, Onslow-square, Brompton, died from
" choleraic dirrahcea, coma from suppression of
u aged 77 years, died at 32, Per-
cir Clerkenwell,idow from "choleraic diarrhon
(threesm-p%ldiayost
vianie.s.; reet widow,
exhibits a low mortality; last week the
deaths from it were only 5. Scarlatina was fatal
in 34 cases, and. 16 deaths are recorded from diph-
theria. The deaths from measles were 8, and from
typhus 41.

Of three nonagenarians whose deaths are re-
corded in the week, the eldest was a weaver who
had attained, the ago of 99 years, the other persons
died at the respective ages of 90 and 91.
Last week the births of 874 boys and 851 girls,
in all 1,726 children, were registered in London. In
the ten crirresponding weeks of the years 1851-60
the averov ge number was 1,625.
At tb .e Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the
mean h'eight of the barometer in the week was
29.995 in. The barometrical readings rose from
29.71 in. on Wednesday to 3017 on Saturday. The
mean . temperature of the air in the week was
62.5 deg., which is 3.0 deg. above the average of
the name week in 43 years (as determined by Mr.
Gla isher). The highest point attained in the wool_
by the thermometer in the shade was 80.0 deg:u7
W ednesday ; the lowest was 46.2 deg. on pai
ds.y. The extreme range of temperaturenmdtZ
weak was therefore 33'8 deg. The
rim Ige was 24.2 deg. The mean tern
PTre aiuerence
water of the Thames was 65.2 deg.
"(lore and air
by 3tween the mean dew-point tone on
degree of the
tremperature was B'3 deg. T6hecinoraplete saturation
humidity of the air was The general direction
being represented by 100.
of the -Find was west. Intui,ce of the

31, the visitors have been as follows :
Tuesday, and Saturday, free days, 6,014—on
Aug.N SINGTON
week MUSEUM, During the
onSmo.uongdsay,
Mon day
yand Tuesday, tree evenings, 4,295—0 n the three
studwate days (admission to the public, 6d.), 1,208--one
stud, ants' evening, Wednesday, 117—total, 11,634. FOAM
the opening of the Mu5eVa)2,2263764,