The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-31 00:00:00

BARON RICASOLPS CIRCULAR.

Baron Ricasoli has addressed the following cir-
cular to the diplomatic agents of Italy at foreign
Courts :

" Turin, 24th Aug.

" In the circular despatches which I have had the
honour of addressing to the representatives of H.M.
abroad, I alluded to the troubles and difficulties
which exist in the Southern provinces of the king-
dom ; and whilst declaring that I would neither
dissimulate nor attenuate them, I expressed the
hope that those provinces, warmed by the sun of
liberty, would soon be cured of their evils, and
would add force and honour to the Italy to which
they belong.

"No new circumstances have arisen calculated
to diminish the hopes which the King's Govern-
ment placed in the vigour of the measures it was
adopting and in the patriotism of the populations.
But as the brigandage by which those provinces are
desolated, feeling itself more closely pressed, has
redoubled its efforts—as the co-operation of its
auxiliaries has become more powerful (no one is now
ignorant who they are), and as in these efforts, which
we are inclined to believe will be the last, acts of
cruelty which ought to be unknown to our times
and our civilisation have been committed, and to
which consequently by a deplorable necessity we
have had to order a corresponding repression—as
all this is so, our enemies have regarded it as a
new reason for protesting more strongly against the
oppression, as they say, which Piedmont imposes
on that unfortunate country, forced by trick and
violence frtm its legitimate masters, to whom it
desires to return even at the cost of martydom and
11)100(1.

" To these malevolent allegations of our enemies
have been added, it is painful to say, imprudent
language of men who are honourable and strongly
Italian by old affection and profound conviction ;
which men, seeing the fatal conflict prolonged in
the Neapolitan provinces, incline to the belief that
the union of those districts to Italy was made incon-
siderately, and that consequently it is necessary to
look on it as of no effect until after a new and more
certain experience."
" For our part, we can never accept the point of
view of these persons, though we do not question
either their patriotism or the uprightness of their
intentions, since we cannot doubt either the legiti-
macy or the efficacy of the plebiscite, by means of
which those provinces declared that they would
form part of the' Italian kingdom ; and since the
nation cannot in any way admit that it possesses
the right of declaring itself separated from the other
provinces and a stranger to their fate. The Italian
nation is constituted, and all that is Italy belongs
to it.

" In this state of things, and in this situation of
public opinion, the King's Government thinks right
that its representatives abroad shall be informed of
the real condition of the Neapolitan provinces, and
of the considerations by which they will be able to
correct the inexact judgments which may exist on
the subject in foreign countries.
" Wherever the form of government and the
reigning dynasty have had to be changed by a re-
volution, there always remains, to trouble the new
order of things for a period more or less long, a
leaven of the past which cannot be removed from
the body of the nation without fratricidal conflicts
and :bloodshed. Spain, after the lapse of thirty
years, has not yet seen the wounds of civil wars
healed up which, at every moment, threaten to
break out afresh. England, after having recovered
her liberties with the House of Orange, had to
struggle during nearly fifty years against the
Stuarts, whose partisans were able to march from
Scotland to the gates of London.

" France also sacrificed the Girondists to the cause
of the federation, devastated Lyons, was rendered
desolate by invaders, and was afterwards distracted
by the troubles at La Vendee ; which province,
scarcely vanquished in the terrible aid sanguinary
war under the Republic, took up arms in the
Hundred Days, and did the samo against the
monarchy of July; and yet no one in the midst of
those difficulties of Spain, England, and France,
dared deny the right of repression possessed by the
Governments fully constituted and approved of by
the great mejority of the nation ; and no one con-
sidered the armed resistance to the national will as
anything else than rebellion against the national
sovereignty, although that rebellion had regular
armies, brave and experienced generals, possessed
towns and territories in which it exercised autho-
rity, and to put it down a regular war and pitched
battles were necessary.
" You cannot have failed to remark the im-
mense difference which exists between the Neapo-
litan acts of brigandage and the facts which I
have just mentioned. On no account can we do
the former the honour of comparing them to the
latter. The partisans of Don Carlos, and of the
Stuarts, and also the Vendeans, who combated for
a principle, would have considered themselves in-
sulted if they had been placed in comparison with
the vulgar assassins who invade different parts of
certain Neapolitan provinces, solely for the sake of
pillage and rapine. It is in vain that you would
demand from them a political programme ; in vain
that you would seek among the persons who guide
them—if indeed there are any who do so—one man
who'can be even distantly compared to Cabrera or
La Rochejaquelein, or even to the priest Merino, to
Stolflat, or Charette. Among the generals and
superior officers who have remained faithful to the
Bourbons, there is not one who has ventured to take
the command of the Neapolitan brigands and the
responsibility of their acts. The absolute want of
political principle which is proved by the events
which have occurred, and the acts of the Neapolitan

brigands is also clearly evidenced by the testimony
of the English consuls and vice-consuls in the
southern provinces, and by the official correspond-
ence recently presented to Parliament by the Go-
vernment of her Britannic Majesty. To this cor-
respondence I venture to direct your attention, and
particularly to the despatch written from the Capi-
tinate by Mr. Bonham, on the Bth June, and to that
of Mr. Sauvin, dated the 12th June; which latter
says textually The bands of malefactors are not
so numerous as they seem, but they go about every-
where, and everywhere their ferocious acts are
complained of. They rob travellers and pillage
hamlets; they cut electric wires, and sometimes set
fire to crops. The old Bourbonian flag has been
raised in some places, but it is certain that the move-
ment has no political character, and that it is a sys-
tem of agrarian vandalism embraced as a profession
by a great part of the disbanded troops who prefer
pillage to labour.
" Still, Neapolitan brigandage may certainly be
an instrument in the hands of the reaction which
excites and pays it, in order to keep up agitation in
the country, encourage foolish hopes, and mislead
public opinion in Europe. But as it would be an
error to regard it as an armed protest of the coun-
try against a new order of things, so it would be con-
trary to truth to represent it, on the faith of news-
paper accounts, as possessing the importance and
extent ascribed to it.

" Of the fifteen provinces which composed the
kingdom of Naples, five only are infested by bri-
gands. That does not mean that they occupy
these provinces, or that they are established in any
town or village, but they live in small bands in the
mountains, and from them rush on defenceless
places to seek their prey. Never do they dare to
attack even a third-rate town, or a position guarded
by any soldiers, however few the latter may be ;
and if they arrive without resistance in any place,
they deliver malefactors from the prisons, and rein-
forced by them and peasants accustomed to such
sort of enterprises, rob and pillage, and th 9 take to
flight.
" Brigandage, as it is practised in the province
of Naples, is neither a political reaction nor a new
thing; it is the fruit of the wars which have con-
tinually taken place in that province, of very fre-
quent political commotions, of rapid changes of rule,
and of Governments which have always been bad.
Brigandage desolated those provinces during the
Spanish and Austrian viceroyalties up to 1733, and
did not cease during the reign of the Bourbons, of
Joseph Napoleon and Murat.
" Brigandage in the Neapolitan provinces, there-
fore, is accounted for by historical precedents and
the habits of the country, to say nothing of the
excitement of political revolutions, to which in the
present case other causes are added. I will not
dwell upon the bad Government of the Bourbons
in the Southern provinces. I will not be more se-
vere than the representatives of the European
Powers at the Congress of Paris in 1856, who de
nounced it to the judgment of civilised Europe as
barbarous and savage, nor more stringent than the
Hon, Mr. Gladstone, who, in his place in the British
Parliament, called it the negation of God—l will
only say that the Bourbon Government had for
principle the corruption of everything and every-
body—a corruption so universally carried out, and
with such persistence, that it appears to us almost
miraculous that those noble populations should ever
have been able to extricate themselves from it;
everything which in tolerably organised Govern-
ments serves to strengthen, to discipline, and to
moralise, there only served to weaken and deprave.
The police was a privilege accorded to an associa-
tion of malefactors to harass and plunder the peo-
ple as they pleased, and to exercise the espionage
for the Government. Such was the Camoris.

"The army, with certain exceptions, was com-
posed of elements carefully selected, scrupulously
trained by the Jesuits and chaplains in the most
abject and servile idolatry of the King, and in the
blindest superstition: No idea of duty towards the
country ; their only duty was to defend the King
against the citizens,considered essentially as enemies,
and in a continuous state of rebellion, at least in
intention. And if this rebellion became real, the
army knew that the life and resources of the citizens
belonged to it, and that it would have every facility
for gratifying its ferocious and brutal instincts, and
all the cupidity which was fostered in its heart.
- _ - ...ILI LUZ-
cipline and give the soldier the esprit de corps be-
coming his noble mission, his importance, and
dignity ; he had no love for his country ; he was
only required to be submissive to the King, who,
to gain his goodwill, did not spare even the most
ignoble flatteries.
" They were 100,000, well supplied with arms
and money, possessors of formidable fortresses and
unbounded military resources ; and yet they did not
fight, they continually retreated before a handful of
heroes who had the courage to advance against them;
regiments, and even a complete corps d'armee, sub-
mitted to be taken prisoners. It was concluded that
men who did fight would never make soldiers worthy
of the name, and especially Italian soldiers ; they
were accorpingly offered the opportunity of return-
ing to their homes, and were disbanded ; but,
accustomed to a life of idleness and dissipation in
barracks and unused to labour, they revived with
equal ferocity, but with greater cowardice, the
traditions of Hammone and Mona—they became
brigands. If, in their atrocious enterprises, they
sometimes displayed the Bourbon banner, it was
merely from habit, and not from affection. They
dishonoured themselves by not defending their
flag, and now they dishonour their flag by making
it an emblem of murder and rapine.
"It was thus that was formed the Neapolitan
brigandage, and at the present moment the de-
throned King of Naples is its champion, and
Naples the apparent object. The dispossessed king
resides in Rome at the Quirinal, and he there coins
the false money with which the Neapolitan brigands
are freely supplied. The offerings extorted from the
Catholics throughout the different countries of Eu-
rope, in the name of St. Peter, are employed to
enrol these brigands in every part of Europe. They
go to Rome to insmibe their names publicly, to re-
ceive the word of order, and the blessings which
make these ignorant and superstitious men hasten
with greater alacrity to commence their career of
murder and pillage. From Boole they obtain the
immense quantities of arms and ammunition which
they require.

" On the Roman and Neapolitan frontiers there
are depots, places of rendezvous and refuge, where
they reassemble, and whence they return with
renewed ardour to their rapine. The perquisi-
tions and arrests made within the last few days
by the French troops leave no doubt on this sub-
ject. The hostile attitude asstmed, and the lan-
guage used on these soleren occasions by a
part of the clergy, the arms, powder, and pro-
clamations found in certain convents, the priests
and monks 'taken in the ranks pf the brigands, in
the execution of their enterpriies, prove beyond all
doubt whence and in whose netne all these instiga-
tions proceed. And as there ire here no religious
interests to defend, and even ilthere were, it, would
not be with such arms, nor such means, that their
defence could be tolerated, it is evident that the
connivance and complicity cf the Roman Court
with the Nepolitan brigandage, are founded on the
solidarity of temporal interests, and that the object
now is to keep the Southern provinces in a state of
revolt, and to prevent the establishment of a regular
Government, capable of repairing so great evils
both recent and of long stapling, in order that the
sovereignty of the Pope mill not be deprived of its
last support in Italy.
" We trust that this Nyll furnish a new and
powerful argument to demoistrate that the tempo-
ral power is condemned noi only by the irresistible
logic of the national unity,but also that it has be-
come incompatible with cillisation and humanity.
" Were it even to be acllitted that the Neapo-
litan brigandage is of a ciaracter essentially poli-
tical, the consequences to he drawn would still
be contrary to those which cur `3.llemles would
fain infer. In the first place, no argument can
be drawn from its duration ; it must not be for
gotten that it is impossike for us to surround
the brigands on all sides is would be requisite to
effect their complete dstruction, since when
beaten and dispersed OR lie Neapolitan territory,
they find a convenient eiylum in the Roman

States, which lie close at hand, and there they form
again ; and then, strengthened by fresh succours,
return to their work of devastation.

" What provinces, towns, or villages have risen
to join these new liberators? Will it be said that
the Government distrusts the populations and re-
presses their sentiments by terror ? Look at the
press of Naples; it may rather be accused of license
than of abstaining from commenting as it pleases on
public affairs. The Government has armed the
country in the national guard; the Government has
appealed to the country for volunteers.

" The country has amply responded to this ap-
peal. Already have several battalions been orga-
nised and mobalised, and national guards and mo-
balised guards, townspeople and peasants hasten to
encounter the brigands, and often expose their lives.
At the present moment differences of opinion are
disappearing, the various sections of the liberal
party rally round the Government so that neither
the regular nor local forces have experienced a
single defeat. For more than a year, in the midst
of so much uncertainty, anxiety, and change, in
the full exercise of a new and unrestricted liberty,
Naples, that great city of 500,000 inhabitants, has
not raised a single cry of disunion, has not per-
mitted the extension and realisation of a single one
of the thousand Bourbonist conspiracies which are.
continually springing up to disappear immediately-
I think that, from the whole of these facts,
it will be evident to you, sir, that the Neapolitan
brigandage has no political character; that the
European reaction established and countenanced
at Rome foments and supports it in the name of
the dynastic interests of Divine right, in the name
of the temporal power of the Pope, taking an abu-
sive advantage of the presence and protection of the
French arms placed there to guarantee more elevated
and more spiritual interests, that the Neapolitan
populations are not hostile to national unity, ror
unworthy of liberty, as some persons would have it •
believed. We must not forget that these victims of
a corrupting system of government supplied heroes.
and martyrs in 1799, and that they Were quite pre,-
pared, at the moment of the new regeneration, to
taketheir position beside their other brethren of Italy..
" What the civilisation and the humane senti-
ments of the present age cannot tolerate is, that
schemes of subjugation should be prepared at the
seat and cent e of Catholicity, not only with the
connivance, but with the countenance, of the Mini-
sters of him who represents on earth the God of
meekness and peace. Truly religious minds are
indignant at the abuse made of sacred things for
end altogether temporal; weak consciences are
seriously alarmed to see the discordance arising
between the precepts of the Gospel and the acts of
him who ought to interpret and teach them. Rome,
by advancing in the path in which she has now
entered, compromises her religious without pro-
moting her worldly interests. Every upright mind
is already profoundly convinced, ann this universal
conviction will greatly facilitate the task of the
Italian Government, which it cannot decline, and
which is that of restoring to Italy, and also to the
Church, her liberty and dignity,—Accept, &c.,

" RICASOLL"

SALE OF ADDISCOMBE AND HAILEYBURY.---Yes-
terday the sale of these well-known military and insti-
tutions which produced so many distinguished men in the
service of the old East India Company, took 'place at the
Auction Mart, by the Bank of England, under the hammer
of Messrs. Norton, Hogart, and Trist, the auctioneers. It
was stated that the property consisted a 90 acres, with the
well-known residence of Lord Liverpool at Addiscombe, and
its College, and 70 acres at Haileybury, with the barracks
and other appurtenances. After considerable bidding both.
properties were declared to be bought by the British Land
Company, Addiscombe being sold for £33,600, and Halley-
bury for £15,200. It is understood that both estates will
be converted into freehold land allotments.
PURCHASE BY THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AT
Romn.—The Moniteur announces, in the following terms-,
an acquisition made by the Emperor of the French, already
made known from other sources :—" The Emperor has
just purchased out of his privy purse the portion of the
Mont Palatine which is comprised under the name of the
Farnese Gardens, and which belonged to the King of
Naples. This portion of the celebrated hills is by far the
most considerable. There only remains, in addition to the
part bought by the Emperor, the ancient villa on the
south, where excavations have been so extensively made,
and in which there is now a convent of French nuns, and
on the east a convent of Franciscans. The ground pur-
chased by his Majesty is not less than 18 acres in extent,
it includes the famous ruins of the Palace of the Ca3sars,
tmo }lnc, hnon
Lawman.
since the time of the invasion of the barbarians, ana must
contain statues, paintings, and inscriptions of the highest
interest. It is from this soil, which has been scarcely
touched up to the present time, that several masterpieces of
antique art have been procured. It was also on this domaLla
that were recently found the original walls of the ancient
enclosure of Rome, that which surrounded the Palatine
when it alone supported the original city at the very time
of its founder. M. Pietro Rosa, auther of the large arcse,)-
logical and topographical map of Latium, has been ap-
pointed Conservator of the Palace of the Camara, and is at
the same time to be director of the excavations, which will
commence in November next."

THE STRIKE OF CARTERS AT MANCHESTER:*
The strike of carters, lorrymen, and portr,rs in the employ
of the London and North-Western and Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway Companies at Manchester is already at
an end. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Company sent out
their traffic managers and assistants on Thursday to scour
the country round for men to fill up the places of those on
strike, and these parties worked so energetically that they
had brought together between 200 and 300 new men yester-
day morning, and the presence of these had the effect of
inducing the turnouts to resume work at once. The London
and North-Western, acting in a similar manner, have also
put an end to the strike for the present.
THE STRIKE IN THE IRON TRADE.--The strike in
the iron trade in the north still continues, and 7,000 men
are reported to be off work in one concern alone—the Con-
sett and Dement Ironworks. At C onsett the reduction
proposed is in the case of puddlers 61 per ton, and in the
case of rollers 10 per cent. In Vales the rate of wages is
considerably below the northern district, and in Scotland
the workmen have accepted the reduction propose 1. So
the conduct of the men is very bad, and it is further ag-
gravated in connection with the Consett Ironworks, as the
creditors of the Northumberland and Durham District
Bank aro pressing the shareholders of the ironworks, who
were shareholders in the banking company, for a large pay-
ment due in October, which payment they are unable to
meet, and there is a prospect that those immense works
will be closed. A local paper says the baneful effects of the
strike are being already felt in the Consett district, not only
by the workmen, but by the tradesmen and provision deal-
ers. The system of trading is by fcrtnigJatly credits, and
if the strike continues for only a few werJks a considerable
portion of the traders will be brought to the verge of bank-
ruptcy. Several shopkeepers whose average fortnightly
receipts amount from £l2O to £l5O have had them reduced
one-half. On an average 12 truck loads of provisions came
to the place. Last Saturday there was only one.
THE WILTSHIRE MURDER.--John Stockles was
yesterday morning brought before a bench of magistrates
at Everleigh, charged with the wilful murder of Ann Hill,
wife of the head gamekeeper to Mr. Monk. After a length-
ened inquiry, in the course of which the suspicious enter
tained against him received the strongest confirmation, he
was committed for trial to the assizes.
SHOCKING MURDER—BIRMINGHAM, Friday
.--
A frightful tragedy was enacted yesterday , evening at
Small-heath, near this town. The victim was a Y43lll±g
woman who possessed considerable personal attractions,
named Elizabeth Brookes, and the murderer was her master
and intended husband, John Grayson Farquhaar• He is a
widower.
andirralhonsekeeper,
man of independent means, aged 38,
-ngham, and
Birmingham, and
He resided in the Grange .road, near
the deceased girl lived with him nominally as
were about to be
bthuotmi realityan
it ai
smore
understoodintimate t
ands
atrelationshipthey
ofbeenpassionately
fond to have married. Farquhar appear
being jealous dispo-
sition,hwe irthmehne.r onon
Thursday account of
fond of the young woman, an-.
he occasionally
her presumed familiarity
articles for the wedding, and Shortly after his return home
he drew £5O from the bank for the purpose of buying some
from town, where he had been shopping, in a fit of jea-
lousy he took up an old flint pistol and shot Miss Brookes
in the left breast. She fell down aud instantly expired, the
charge having entered her heart. A daughter of Farquhar
quarrelled
with
was in tho room, and witnessed the deed. Farquhar was
arrested at his own house, and on his way to the station
told tho crowd who followed him that he " did it through
jealousy." He was brought up at the police.court this
morning, and remanded until after the inquest, which was
held last night. The jury, after an absence of twenty
minutes, returned a verdict of wilful ":.v.rder. The prisoner,
on hearing the verdict, buried his face ;,n his hands And cried
bitterly, exclaiming, " Oh, my poor 'Betty I" as ho was re-
moved in custody.

A FACT NOT GENERALLY KNOWN.—Under this
heading the Falkirk, Herald says :—" The father of Sir J.
Outram was the founder of the Butterley Iron-works, now
the largest ironworks in England. He was a man of great
ability, energetic, self-reliant, of fertile and ready resource ;
so much so that his opinion was deferred to by many of the
most eminent engineers of the day, such as Sir John Rennie
and Thomas Tatord. He was the first, in connection with
these works, to lay down an iron way, and it is to this cir.
oumstance, and from his name, that we have the term
'Crawley.'