The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-06 00:00:00

years since, and then suspended, have recently been
renewed and will shortly be completed.
At the Plymouth citadel the old embrasureshave
been removed and the guns and bombs taken away.
The ramparts have been excavated to a consieerable
depth. Concrete foundations have been thrown in
to receive heavy blocks of granite, which make sub-
stantial platforms for the reception of traversing
Armstrong guns. Similar alterations have taken
place at the telegraph signal redoubt, Mount Wise,
on which three 10-inch traversing guns will be
worked in what is termed a barbette battery. Im-
provements are also making in the battery near the
major-general's residence. So desirous are the en-
gineers of securing what is now considered neces-
sary, that although the foundation of a covered turf
battery west of the telegraph station is in some parts
rock it has been removed to give place to concrete.
The Government report contemplated the entire
cost of the fortifications round Plymouth at
£1,740,000, or £BO,OOO a year for 22 years. Tre-
gantle was to mount 60 guns and have barrack ac-
commodation for 450 men; Screasden, 35 guns and
300' men ; and Stadden-point, 60 guns and 300 men.
Barracks are proposed on Maker-heights for 1,120
men. The report calculates that, in case of attack,
Plymouth, Devonport, and Stonehouse, the popula-
tion of which exceeds 100,000 souls, would contri-
bute 10,000 fighting men for the defence.

BER PAYESTPS IMPERIAL AND

INDIAN ARMIES.

(From the Army and Navy Gazette.)

The measures for the consolidation of the Indian
with the Imperial forces of her Majesty have so
nearly approached accomplishment, that we may
venture to give their main features in a substantially
complete form. We have from the beginning. made
the public promptly acquainted with each successive
stage of the process of amalgamation ; we have com-
municated every separate decision almost as soon as
it was arrived at; and in the present instance our
business is not so much to inform our readers of new
details to any considerable extent as to place before
them, in one general view, and as succinctly as we
are able, the new system by which the Queen's army,
both in Europe, in the colonies, and in India, is to
he regulated, together with the steps resolved on to
provide for existing incumbents, and for the transi-
flail:try period which must elapse before all officers
will hays entered the military profession under the
same conditions as regards service, privileges, and
emoluments, The former portion of our task is by
far the more simple ; and it will not take us long
to describe the principles and rules by which the
army of the Queen will be governed, after a suffi-
cient time has elapsed to terminate the claims of
those who, having been hitherto serving under the
Indian regulations, are about to be made a consti-
tuent part of the Imperial forces.
In future, every officer to be commissioned and
every soldier to be enlist :41 will belong to the general
army, and will be available for service in any 'part
of the empire to which the requirements of the
State may call him, and in the rotation hitherto
usual among the troops of the Lino. In the great
majority of the regiments what is called the pur-
chase system will prevail as at present ; but in
three regiments of cavalry and nine of infantry,
which are to be formed upon the remains of the
local Indian European corps, the promotion will be
regulated pretty much on the plan of the Company's
service—namely, pure seniority in all but the higher
ranks. In addition to this army for general service,
and the native colonial regiments now in existence
for the defence of Malta, Ceylon, the West Indies,
&c., there will be in India a number of irregular
corps, composed of natives, but officered from the
Indian Staff, of which six members will be em-
ployed in superintending the efficiency of each
irregular corps. This Indian Staff will in itself
form a list of officers who will volunteer to serve in
it. Their qualification will consist in their be-
longing to a regiment serving in India, in their
having previously passed two years in that
country, and in their proving their fitness by
means of an examination. We may obviate alarm
by at once stating that the nature of this
examination will be settled, not schoolmaster
fashion, but by the head of the department in which
it is proposed to employ the candidate; that it is
intended to be practical, and having reference only
to those subjects of which a knowledge is essential
to the efficient discharge of the duties to he under-
taken. The Staff list will be ever varying in its
dimensions, and promotions in it will be regulated
only by length of service. The qualifying terms
are, for the rank of captain, 12 years' service, of
which 4 must be in the Staff Corps ; for Major, 20
years' service, of which 6 must be in the Staff
Corps ; for lieut.-colonel, 26 years' service, of which
8 must be in the Staff Corps. Five years' service in
the last-named rank will give a right to the rank of
colonel, a, icrwhich the officer's promotion is regu-
lated by his army seniority, The rurely military
Staff—the Adjutant-General's and Quartermaster-
General's Departments, the Brigade Majors, and
personal Staff—will be filled either by the Line as
at present, or by the Staff Corps, but in every other
department the Indian Staff will be composed solely
of officers who have given up their regiments to
join the Indian Staff Corps. Every military officer
in India will therefore belong to and serve with
either the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, one of
her Majesty's regiments of Cavalry or Infantry of
the Line, or to the Staff Corps. Exchanges between
these several services will be permitted under pretty
much the same rules by which they are now regu-
lated between one Queen's regiment and another.
This, then, will be shortly and simply the position
of the united army as soon as the complications
terminate which must more or less exist during the
period in which two military establishments,
hitherto regulated by widely different systems, are
co sl-
,ee chbeing welded into one body.
But a considerable time must elapse before that
transitionary period can be brought to a close, and,
so far ste the existing generation of officers is con-
cerned, the arrangements to be made—pendente
lite, we may say—are of greater and more im-
mediate interest than those which will ultimately
conic into operation. We shall endeavour, then, a 4
briefly as is compatible with clearness, to indicate
b
their character and probable • caring upon the ser-
v believe it may be roughly assumed that the
wholehc
of the officers of the 'at army are now em-
ployed either upon the Staff or with their regiments,
those whose corps disappeared during the mutiny
being nearly all engaged on Staff service. The
rights of those officers are very rigidly and com-
prehensively preserved in Mr. Henley's clause in
t'of Parliament passed last year, prohibiting
enlistment of Europeans for local service. This
proviso the Government appears ready to carry out
thethe
fully, fairly, and unreservedly. Every officer now
on the local Indian establishment, either on tile
Staff or with a regiment, or holding a nomination
to a cadetship, will be offered the following alter-
nativese-1. He may become a member of the new
Staff Corps, without undergoing an examination.
2. He can retain his office • (if he is now on the
Staff) without joining the Staff Corps, his military
promotion being regulated by the vacancies which
arise in his regiment, even though that regiment
existed only nominally and on paper. 3. He may
volunteer to be transferred in his rank to a regi-
ment of the Line, under conditions which we shall

presently specify in speaking of exchanges. It is
but reasonable to conclude that the great body of
the officers will accept the first or second of these

alternatives. The- Staff' Corps will no doubt he se-
lected by those who are so junior of their rank in
their present regiments that their prospect of regi-

mental promotion is not so good as it would be
under the Staff Corps regulations, which insure to
them an increase of rank after a certain term of

service. On the other hand, those who occupy a
high place in their grade in a regiment will prefer
the contingencies of regimental promotion, if in the
ordinary course these contingencies may be expected
to give them increased position in a shorter time
than the period bringing promotion to the members
of the Staff Corps. With respect to the option of
volunteering into the Line, we have little doubt
that the local officers will avail themselves of it, at

least in sufficient numbers to fill the nine new regi-
ments about to he created, as well as to supply the
vacancies which may be placed at their disposal in
the old royal regiments by half•pay retirements
and transfers therefrom to the Staff Corps. The
conditions underwhich local officers will be allowed to
exchange or :be transferred to the Line we may
summarise thus :
Theymust be under the substantive rank of major.
In exchanges there must not be more than seven
years' disparity of age between the officers.
An officer having the brevet rank of major or
lieut.-colonel can exchange only with another pos-

ses equivalent brevet rank.
Asnat
present, an officer exchanging must enter
his new regiment as the junior of his rank.
Upon one point the ultimate decision of the autho-
rities has not yet been arrived at, there being, we
nntiPrgtsintl diffirriltiAQ in thA way of carrying out
the original recommendation. This was that an
officer either transferred or exchanging to a pur-
chasing regiment of the Line should be permitted
to sell his commission under the same regulations

as an officer originally in the Line, who—had not
purchased—that is to say, that he might, after three

years, receive at the rate of £lOO for every year of
his military service until the regulation value of
his commission should be reached, and after 20 years
that he should become entitltd to the full regulation
price of his commission. The exchanging office:
will, however, retain all the advantages from the
Indian "Funds" to which he has contributed, as
long as he may choose to be a subscribing member
to these funds. His local service will count in el-fry
reepect as Line service as regards his claims to half

:pacy or full pay retirement. He will) in fact, step
into the position of an officer of the Line, with, pos-
sibly, the exception we have named, and one other
—his widow and children will not be eligible at his
decease for the pensions granted under the War-
office regulations, it being considered that the object
of these pensions will be met by the Indian funds,
in which the officer has acquired an interest. The
officer of the Line exchanging into the local service
will, like him with whom he exchanges, be allowed
to count his former service ; and, should he have
spent 10 years in India, will acquire a right to the
Indian retirements, just as if he had been originally
a Company's officer, and his widow and children
are eligible for pensions from the War-office equally
as if he had not changed his regiment.
We now come to speak of the senior officers of
both armies, whose position cannot properly be said
to be regimental ; and the question arises, how is
the amalgamation to be carried out so that a Just
consideration of their claims shall be observed ? It
appears that the vacancies on the general officers'
list of the Imperial army have not so rapid an effect
as those of the Indian army upon the promotion
from the rank of colonel to that of major-general.
Thus, in the former we have some 22 colonels com-
missioned on the 20th June, 1854, who are still
serving in the same rank; while in the Indian
army the 25th colonel promoted in the following
brevet (the 28th of November, 1854) has become a
major-general. It was at first proposed that the
colonels of the two services should be formed into
one list, according to their army seniority, and that
the senior should succeed to the first vacancy,
whether it arose on the Imperial or the Indian list
of generals. The effect of would in the first
instance be beneficial to the colonels now at the
head of the list in the Imperial service, but it is
now settled that future vacancies on the generals'
list will be filled up by a colonel of the particular
army, Imperial or Indian, in which they arise, until
all the colonels commissioned as such before the Ist
of April, 1861, shall have become major-generals.
When these two separate lists shall have been ex-
hausted, promotion to the generals' list will he
given to the senior of the united list of colonels,
which will be headed by the officer attaining that
rank after the Ist of April, 1861. It happens that
in each the nurnlyir of t tlective colonels eligisie fur
promotion is about equal to the total i'stAhlishnlent
of the generals of that service. Thus in the Line
there are about 20 qualiff d colonels to succeed to
260 generals, and in the Indian army a little more
than 220 to succeed 220 generals. In the amalga-
mated armies we shall thus start with 480 colonels
to take the place of 480 generals. It is intended, as
in the case of the colonels, so also in that of the
lieutenant-colonels, majors, and captains that ulti-
mately promotion should go to the senior of the
united armies upon the occurrence of each death
among tlie generals. But, with regard to the
bestowal of regiments, each general officer is to
be named only to a regiment of the particular
branch of the service to which he himself belonged
before the amalgamation.

With respect to the Artillery and Engineers, the
arrangement is simple; until the present incum-
bents are exhausted, a list will be kept of the Royal
Artillery and Engineers, and of the si►rilar arms
of the service belonging to Bengal, Bombay, and
Madras. Promotion will go in each list according
to the vacancies arising in it, but when the last
subaltern now serving in any one of them is pro-
moted the step will go to the senior of the whole
Artillery or Engineer service, and all future ap-
pointments will be to the Royal Artillery and the
Royal Engineers respectively. In like manner, it
was at first projected that as regards the medical
service of India the officers now on the list of
each presidency should receive their promotion as
vacancies might present themselves on their parti-
cular lists, the new appointments being to the
post of assistant-surgeon on the staff of the army
generally ; but this point is undetermined, and it
is probable that a distinct commission will have to
consider the future position of the medical servjce
of India in connexion with the new military ar••
rangements.
The Indian Funds, the Military or Orphan and
Medical Retiring Funds are to be abolished. As
soon as existing interests terminate no newly-ap-
pointed officers will be allowed to subscribe to them ;
but those now contributing, or having a right to
contribute, will have all their privileges preserved,
the Government receiving the subscriptions, and
making the disbursements after the same rate and
'manner as if there had been no amalgamation.
Such are the principal features by which this
great sOheme will be regulated, both as regards its
formation and permanent maintenance. In the for-
mer, it appears to us every fair consideration has
been shown to those interested ; while in the latter,
we look forward with confidence to a system which
will have a most wholesome effect in stimulating the
enterprise and spirit of the middle classes of this
country, will provide adequately for the service of
India, and will powerfully strengthen, both in point
of numbers and efficiency, the military resources of i
the empire.

PL I.F.F IND I), FE DAN tIN THE
YEL VER7OY CASE.

It is a duello between Madame Innocence and
Major Mephistopheles. Madame Innocence has
told her story first. Days ago, in the first act of
the piece, theie had arisen a hum, a rustle, a
stretching of necks, as a small figure was seen
ascending into the awful pillory or pulpit reserved
for witnesses. S tra w-coloared hair, almost
golden, and folded back after that seductive
French fashion—soft and tender eyes--a small
round face, almost " babyish" in shape, and
size, and tinted with a delicate pink, yet with
a tint of suffering and faint lines of pain.
Such as have travelled so far as an Eternal City,
detect a likeness to the famous Cenci picture.
Hark ! All her simple story, detailed by the
golden-haired lady—in so musical a voice—so gra-
phically, yet so sadly, that we all (junior barris-
terial element) there and then enrol ourselves as
her knights, and are prepared to do something
frantic on the first opportunity. Letters? That
thick octavo volume contains all those documents,
printed and set out for the common use of counsel.
Such tenderness, such wit—emch gracetul womanly
style—such playful dallying with his subjects
Privately, we class them with Lady Mary's or
the ingenious French lady's; hut we m.ty be biassed.
Those more touching passages, where she pleads
against that desertion which she has an instinct is
overshadowing, wring our very hearts.. We think
it no shame that rough impetuous Brightside read-
ing them aloud, should have that huskiness in his
throat, that unusual break in his voice; or that gentle
hearted Rhadamanthus-in-Chief, high in his green
pavilion, should be obstreperously busy with his
handkerchief. Elderly barristerial element, past
such things now, show signs of weakness and shake
heads mournfully, It is very sad. We are all verging
upon dotage. The golden-haired lady in the box is
fast turning us into fools. . . . A few days interval
—for this dramatic performance has spread itself
over a span of nearly 12 days—and 'Major Mephis-
topheles has appeared in the witness box to tell his
story. A haughty supercilious fighting man, beard-
ing the hostile population who hem him in on all
sides, with a defiant scowl. Unclean humanity in the
galleries hunger and thirst to have him away. Al-
ready they have fallen on some luckless vi,ight out-
side, whom they have mistaken for Mephistopheles,
and are hurrying him to a muddy bath in the river,
when he is rescued. Mephistopheles is driven to bay,
and will brave it out. He owns to everything with
a strange coolness, unfolds his schemes in a hard icy
voice,andproclaims candidly that Madame Innocence
was a poor common creature, of the earth, earthy, and
on the whole, no better than she should be. Our ears
tingle as we hear him. We are inclined—still the ju-
nior barristerial element, by this time infatuated—to
cast lots who shall wait for him outside. But there is
retribution ac hand, for Little Sergeant, crackling,
detonating all over, is now at his throat. What
strange feats he performs with that hapless officer!
How he shrieks at him; what contradictions he
involves him in ; how he wrings from him—though
miserable Major strives to fence it off desperately—
a faltering confession of a debased morality ; then
lets :him go! Unwashed humanity hiss and groan
each questionable sentiment, and hoot him loudly
as he fades out into Erebus.—Lickens'a "All the
lear Round."

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