The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-07 00:00:00

• sL HE S N,
L 0 Ni taiA

ITEDaiRI MAJESTY'S THEATRE,
EAT CLASSICAL CONCERTS.
THIS EVENING, A MOZART NIGHT.
Madlle, Jetty Treff.a. Miss Arabella Goddard, Herr Deck, and
M. Edouard Remenyi.
The highly Successfal.lNDlA—N QUADRILLE, and
GENERAL HAVELOCK'S GRAND TRIUMPHAL MARCH
THIS EVENING (MONDAY, December 7th), will
be produced the New Grand Descriptive Composition,
by M. Jtillien, entitled THE lINDIAN QUADRILLE,
awl GENERAL HAVELOCK'S TRIUMPHAL MARCH,
performed by M. Jullien's Orchestra, assisted by the drums
and fifes of the Grenadier Guards, the Coldstream Guards,
and the Scots Fusilier Guards ; and a Grand Chorus, " Rule
Britannia," and "God Save the Queen."
New Fife Polka (second'time), by M. Jullien, with double
Orchestra.
The magnificent decorations which were prepared for the
Bal Masque will remain during the continuance of these Con-
certs. The whole theatre will be ornamented with wreaths
and garlands of flowers, in gold, silver, and colours. The
decorations have been prepared by Messrs. Chabot and Co.,
who were O.- arged with the decorations for the grand ball t
the reception of the Emperor Napoleon 111. at Stuttgart,
and who were engaged, at a great expence, for the express
rurpose of arranging at her Majesty's Theatre a display which
will be seen for the first time in this country.
'rho Concert will commence at 8 o'clock.
Prices of Admission—Promenade, Is ; Upper Poxes, Is.
Gallery, Is. • Dress Circle, 2s. 6c1„; Private Boxes, 10s,
tld. and upwards,
Prospectuses, with full particulars, may be had at the Box.
office of the Theatre ; of all the principal libraries ;
and 1
11) • at
Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Regent-street.

R MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—
M. JIILLIEN'S GRAND BAL
M AS QU E.—ln consequence of the great success of the Bal
Masque, M. Jnllien will give a SECOND, and positively the
last this season, at the end of the Second Series of Concerts,
on MONDAY, Dec. 21.—Applications to be made at the Box
Office of the Theatre.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee—Mr. J. B. Buekstone.

THIS EVENING, to commence at Seven o'clock. with
a new Comedy, entitled AN UNEQUAL MATCH. Princi-
pal characters by Messrs. Buckstone, Compton, Chippendale,
W. Farren, Miss Amy Sedg,wick, Mrs. Buckingham White,
as Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam.

After which, a new farce, by the author of Box and Cox,
entitled TAKE CARE OF DOWB, in which Mr. Buckstone
will sustain an original chl.racter.
Concluding with THE FISH OUT OF WATER. Sam
Savoury, Mr. Compton.

Orchestra Stalls (which may be retained the whole of the
evening), 6s. each. (No charge for booking.)
First Price. s. d. Second price. s. d
Dress Boxes 5 0 Dress Boxes 3 0
Tipper Boxes 3 0 Upper Boxes 2 0
Pit ___

Lower Gallery 1 OlLower Gallery 0 6
Upper Gallery.. 0 6No half-rriro to Uppor Callory.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. The
public is respectfully informed that the play
of RICHARD THE SECOND will shortly be withdrawn,
and WILL NOT BE AGAIN REPRESENTED in this
Theatre, with the exception of a few nights towards the ex-
piration of Mr. C. Kean's period of management.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE,
Proprietor, Mr. Charles Kean.

THIS EVENING, will be performed Skakipere's Tragedy
of KING RICHARD 11. King Richard 11., by Mr. Chas.
Kean ; Queen, by Mrs. C. Kean.
Preceded by a new farce, in one act, entitled A CASE
OF CONSCIENCE.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.

THIS EVENING, will be performed THE GREEN
BUSHES, in which Madame Celeste, Mr. Wright, and Mr.
Paul Bedford will perform.

Followed by the original Apropos Sketch, entit:ed THE
DRAPERY QUESTION ; or, Who's for India ? Messrs.
Wright, P. Bedford, C. Selby; Miss M. Wilton and Miss
Mary Keeley.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.—Lessee, Mr.
Dillon.—Under the joint management of
Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON.
THIS EVENING, will be pe: formed Balfe's new opera,
THE ROSE OF CASTILLE. Characters by Miss Louisa
Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne, Miss Marian Prescott, Mr. Weiss,
Mr. A. St. Albyn, Mr. G. Honey, Mr. Wallworth, and Mr.
W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. Alfred Mellon.

To conclude with the new Farce, entitled A PAIR OF
PIGEONS. Mr. G. Honey and Miss Cuthbert.
Private Boxes, £2 12s. 6d., £2 25., and 21 11s. 6d. ;
Stalls, 6s. ; Dress Circle, ss. ; Upper Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 25.;
Gallery, Ig.—The Box Office is now open daily, from 11 to
5, under the direction of Mr. Chatterton, jun.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessees, Messrs. Robson and Emden.
THIS EVENING, will be performed a new and original
comedietta, by Sterling Coyne, Esq., cal'ed WHAT WILL
THEY SAY AT BROMPTON ? Mr. Robson, (te.
After which, LEADING STRINGS.
To conclude with BOOTS AT THE SWAN. Mr. Robson,
Mr. H. Wigan, and Mrs. Enid

9 • -len.
Commence at half-past Seven.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessees, Messrs. Shepherd and Creswick.
THIS EVENING, will be performed VIRGINIUS.
After which, INDIA, 1857. Messrs. Shepherd, Cres.
wick, W. Smith, Vollaire, B. Potter, Widdicomb, I3elmore,
Tapping ; Miss M. Ebnrne, Miss Webster, Miss Chalmers,
Miss Johnstone.
To conclude with WELLINGTON FIGGS.

SAM. COWELL'S ANNUAL BENEFIT, in
the LARGRIZOO.3I, sr. ard-GTINTJ
LONci Awcic,

On AIDNDAY NEXT, December 14, 1857,

On which occasion, he will sing EIGHT of his most popular
Songs, and, in addition to his own " Lana TRAVELLING
Parry," he will have the assistance of many Professional
Friends new in London,

Notwithstanding the great expense, the prices will be—
Reserved Seats, 2s, 6d.; Balcony, ls. ; Body of the Hall, 6d,

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.—
OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The follow-
ng company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of
Selections from all the popular OPERAS, MADRIGALS,
CHORUSES, GLEES, DUETS, drc., viz. :—Miss Russell,
Mrs. Badzey, Madlle, Marietta, Mrs. Palmyre, Ifiss Bru-
nel, and Madame Marietta ; Herr F. Jonghmans, Mr.
Renshaw, R. Grover, T. Farrant, S. Jones, J. Barker,
W. Melling, Senor Antonio, E. L. Rime, and Mr. St.
Albyn; Messrs. S. Collins, W. T. Critchfield, and E. Mack-
ney. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmonium, Master
Williams ; Director, Herr F. Jonghmans. Commence at
Seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY—Morn., 1 min. aft. 6—Even., 29 min aft. 6
To.MOEROW—Morn., 56 min. aft. 6—Even., 26 min. aft. 7

THE WEATHER—Suri OFFICE, DECEMBER 6.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SLIME.
52—highest since noon yesterday.
51—lowest this morning and during the night.
55 —this day at noon.
Basomrnm, 30.44—rising rapidly.
WIND. S.W. ; light, with dull muggy weather. Slight
rain in the morning.

DECEMBER 7.
56—highest since noon yesterday.
54—lowest this morning and daring the night,
55—this day at noon.

BAROMETER, 30.48.
WIND, S.W. ; light, with dull weather.

ti• ..Az.rs ~,,-
Att-11.

LONDON, MONDAY, DEC. 7, 1857.

Although there will be a comparative lull in
the Parliamentary arena, in anticipation of the
grand encounters on Thursday and Friday next,
several matters of great interest will be brought
forward in both Houses. The Earl of ELLEN-
/1080TM; a skilful debater and high authority on
all questions relating to the Anglo•lndian Empire,
may probably administer some sharp hits to Lord
CANNING, while moving for a " copy of the Arms
Act lately passed by the Legislative Council of
India ; also a return of all native and European
newspapers licensed under the Act of the Legis-
lative Council of India passed on the 13th of
June last ; and, also, copies of all letters of warn-
ing addressed to the editors of any such native
and European newspapers respectively, and of all
revocations of the licenses, if any, of such news-
papers, and of all correspondence relating to the
restitution thereof." Two very interesting sub-
jects will thus be introduced, although perhaps
bet discussed or decided. It is the material for
future legislation and future contests that will
eltiellY be obtained, so far, at all event 4, as the
tl'eatment of the Indian Press by the Governor-
General in Council is concerned. We shall ascer-
tain the pretexts on Which some tried friends of
British supremacij have been cc cell warned" or " sus-
pended," and be enabled to judge of the alleged
jnstifications for such extraordinary, and, we may
add, unwarrantable harshness.
Other topics will also arise of surpassing interest
in consequence of interrogatories about to be exhi:
bited to Ministers. Mr. SCOTT will inquire into the
system by which the movement of troops is regu_
lated, in the following manner :--" The 69th Regt.
lbllng quartered at Plymouth, to ask her Majesty's
Government what was the advantage, and also

the expense, of moving it from Plymouth to Ports-
mouth by rail, to embark there, in order to return
by sea to Plymouth before departing for the East
lidless and by Whose authority it Was done l"

It seems too ridiculous to be thought possible
that a fine regiment, about to encounter all the
risk and danger of adding the minor inconvenience
of a journey from Plymouth to Portsmouth by
rail in order that they might be brought back
from Portsmouth to Plymouth by sea. There
may be some recondite reason for such a pro-
ceeding, but it can only be discovered by a
thorough-paced red-tapist, and the of roXXot re-
quire information as to its nature. Marchings
and counter-marchings may be all very agreeable
while we are but " playing at soldiers," and oc-
cupation is required for the troops ; but they
were strangely out of place at such a time as that
referred to. Indeed, it was the scandalous de.
lays that were permitted to occur for which Lord
PALMERSTON and his colleagues have deserved the
heaviest censure.

When we remember the urgent appeals
made by ourselves, in common with a large
proportion of our contemporaries, at the very
first intelligence of the insurrection, to lose
no time in despatching troops by the most speedy
routes, by the overland journey, and by swift
screw steamers ; and remember the flippant and
self-satisfied ignorance of Mr. SMITH, of Cannon-
row, and the arrogant and dogmatic red-
tapism of Sir CHARLES WOOD, when arguing in
favour of sailing vessels rather than steamers, we
lose all patience. Indeed, even Lora PALMERSTON
himself cannot easily answer the serious accusa-
tions that must be preferred against him for his
contumelious neglect of the advantages freely and
voluntarily tendered by the Sultan, the Pasha
of Egypt, the Emperor NAPOLEON, and the Penin-
sular and Oriental Steam-packet Company.

The heart sickens when we think of the evils
that have arisen from this most unwarrantable delay,
of what might have been contrasted with what has
been. It is true that the extraordinary valour
both of officers and men—of the WILSONS, HAVE-
LOCKS, NEILLS, NICHOLSONS, GREATHEDS, and
CHAMBERLAYNES, and a score of others whom it
would be invidious to particularise, have done all
that mortal men could accomplish to repair the
mischief occasioned by this apathy and insouciance.
But still great labour has been endured. Many
valuable lives have been sacrificed, and not
only 017 TRAM and HAVELOCK, but the helpless
and innocent fugitives, whom they made so
many superhuman efforts to rescue, are still
in jeopardy, and the public mind kept in a state
of intense anxiety respecting their ultimate fate.
Should any of our worst apprehensions be rea-
lised, should one of these little ones perish, we
should not envy Lord PALMERSTON his honours, nor
Mr. SMITH the possible coronet under which tried
and detected incapacity is too frequently permitted
to hide its shame. We only trust that if he obtain
it, the significant word " Lucknow" may be pro
minently inscribed on the shield.
Another important question will be ventilated
on Tuesday. Mr. YOUNG intends to ask the
Secretary to the Treasury what steps have been
taken to prevent an interruption of the steam
mail-service with Australia, which is likely to be
occasioned by the accident to the ship Emeu ;
and what prevision will be made in future to
prevent delay in this service, in case of accidents
to one of the steam-ships engaged in the trans-
mission of the mails between Australia and Suez ?
This has not been the fault of the Simla. She
made her voyage in due course, and the impor-
tant correspondence which she conveyed would
have ere this been delivered in London ; but the
old proverb respecting " two stools" was again
verified. Neither the Consul-General, nor the
Postmaster interfered, the Dans ex Macheria.
In vain was there a telegraph to Suez, no mes-
sage was despatched, no demand preferred for a
special train, and the Vectis, which ought to
have conveyed the mail was permitted to steam off
a. ta-,, iv., v 1.1.7 Nvi b or (wear-
kation. A correspondent of the Daily News, whose
communication will be found in another part of
' our impression, states that the cost of this train
would be but 50/., and this would have saved all the
losses and difficulties arising from the serious delay.
Why one single firm that may be compromised
would pay tenfold the paltry sum to avert the I
inconvenience.

These, to say nothing for the present of the
question respecting the court-martial on board
the Juno, by the learned Recorder of Hull, will
give some interesting "nuts to crack " to the
Ministers, and not render their enjoyment of the
winter session ♦ery great.

The question, Who is to pay for the mutiny—
may be a little perplexing for the moment, by the
state of our own money market, and the difficrlty
of restoring the regular collection of Revenue, of
arrears especially, through so large a part
of India ; but that India can easily pay, and that
before many years, is certain. Prior to discussion
and fuller information, we are not prepared to
deny that a guarantee for a loan from the Home
Government may not be requisite in order to start
a new system, and to obtain the money on the
lowest terms ; but India is a mine of wealth un-
told, if worked by an honest and vigorous adminis-
tration. We have the whole country under our
paramount authority, we can execute public
works of all kinds where we please, and the most
potent of the remaining native princes dare not
breathe a word of opposition ; indeed, they would
rarely wish to do it. Over a million and a quar-
ter square acres, the greater part of it capable of
producing enormous crops of what all the civi-
lized world requires, we are in a position to say,
let the soil bring forth abundantly, and let its
produce be conveyed at an almost nominal cost to
ports whence it may be wafted to all parts of the
world. We are not declaiming, but writing the
words of truth and soberness. India has
hitherto been but half cultivated, and half
opened to commerce. She needs but a
comparatively few millions to double her
cultivation and to double her exports. And this
is tantamount to doubling her revenue, and much
more than halving its pressure.

But for this, the first essential, is a thorough
rout out of the Old Direction. " Old Indians,"
says one of the first authorities on Indian im-
provement, Colonel COTTON, " are the destruc-
tion of India," A few, indeed, are necessary on
account of their knowledge of Indian matters,
but what is wanted is, a great majority of untainted
Englishmen—Englishmen, not turned into Asiatics.
India can never make a fair start in the race of
improvement till Old Indians are in the minority
among the ruling body. What is wanted is,
representatives from different classes in England
who will bring their English energy and under-

standing to the work. They would make mistakes
no doubt, but they would not make the mistake of
ruling India on Indian principles and notions."
These sentences indicate the starting point to our
Government. It is not that one Board of Direc-
tors has been more vicious than another, or that
allY Ministry has been specially corrupt, but in
the general neglect and consequent ignorance of
India, Ministers have" deferred to the supposed
greater
competency of the East India Company,
yearsand t the
eD irect
traditional
s
h a vpeoliciynheorfiteedlosferocommmbyegreoinael
monopolists. First, to keep all trade to them-
selves, and then all patronage ; to keep heathens

and Mahommedans quiet at the cost of supporting
idolatry itself, and ignoring the honour due to
their own faith ; to govern through a large cheap
native army, and therefore, to indulge the
men into whose hands they put the sword ;
to squeeze the utmost amount of revenue
from the poor non-military population,
without bestowing a thought on how to enrich
their subjects—such have been some of the in-
herited features of East India Company
Government—features which can be got rid '
of only by placing a new dynasty in
power. India must be governed on the larger
view of modern times—a view shared even by
the very Czars of Russia—that rich, not drained
and exhausted subjects, are the strength and glory
of a State.
We think that now is the time to bring into
prominence the simple yet great principles of Col.
CorroN's book. It ought to be in the hands of
every Indian reformer. If the Company and its an-
tiquated traditions are extinguished, we know of
no class which could object to his views. They
must be the basis of Indian Financial Reform.
Notall the Rothsohilds in the world could replenish
the Indian Exchequer, and cause the income to
exceed the expenditure, except by first creating
income in the hands of those whose contributions
supply the State. The proverbial impossibility of
getting more than its skin from a certain
domestic animal has never been better illus-
trated than in the case of the East India Com-
pany's Ryots. Under each of the three
systems, they, poor wretches, let who will get
get something, are almost flayed alive. Alive,
they cannot pay, either to a zemindar, a Govern-
ment collector, or the headmen of villages. These
poor, naked, and almost houseless cottiers, the
actual payers of the enormous land-tax of India—
a tax of about 183. in the pound—these unfortu-
nates must first have something more put into
their hands before they can pay more. Colonel
COTTON proposes to get them more than double
produce from mother earth herself ; to leave them
part of the gain, take part as our own fair toll for
expenditure, and thus to enrich both Government
and people.
We have adverted once or twice to the irriga-
tion proposals of Colonel COTTON, but his plans
for increased and cheap communication are
equally urgent and important. Indeed, the
two must go together ; for the benefits of irriga-
tion would be but local, certainly of little advantage
to commerce and revenue, unless the vast in-
crease of produce could find easy means of
export to other districts, whence it could
purchase commercial articles in exchange not
produced at home. The great question is,
whether a cheap system of transit for the
whole of India, capable of being completed in five
or six years, shall be at once begun ; or whether
our own costly and rapid system shall have the

preference.
It is not denied that railways, judiciously ar-
ranged, will be a great gain to the military and
political administration of the country ; but in
the first place, they can only be constructed very
slowly ; at least those now in progress seem to
have crept along only at the rate of some ten
miles a year, or so. The capital required is com-
paratively enormous, and the building of works
for rapid transit, like our own, must always oc-
cupy much time. Cheap slow traffic railways, on
the contrary, like those of America, and still
more, the improvement of river channels, and
construction of canals, serving at once for
traffic and irrigation, can be, in India, exe-
cuted with great rapidity, and marvel-
lous economy. Writing from experience,
gathered in his own operations as well as
those of others, Colonel COTTON tolls us that
" Improved river navigation, canals, and cheap
--.11 'rays could be formed to the extent of 20,000
miles, at the average rate of 350/. a mile."
" That these canals and cheap railways might be
begun at once in every district of India, and be
easily completed in five years." Nor can we too
often repeat, that any one who will but read the
Colonel's book, and the accounts of what has been
done, must be satisfied that his statements are
not conjecture. He can say what so few pro-
jectors can—" I have done the thing," and
therefore may add, "I can do it all over India'
for the conditions are almost identical.

Colonel COTTON'S great principle of the primary
necessity of cheap conveyance, is, we conceive, the
paramount one for India. By all means let 114
have fast conveyance, as quickly as we can get it ;
but for a country, nearly all of whose exports con-
sist of raw material, the first requisite is carriage
at a rate which the articles will bear.
Rapid carriage may pay well on costly
articles, when the value makes time a
serious object ; but cotton, corn, sugar, rice, and
even indigo—indeed, most of the annual products
of agriculture—will not afford the same tariff of
charges as articles manufactured from any of
them. Time is not the object, so much as a cheap
rate of conveyance to the port of exportation. In
England canals and roads preceded and continue
with our railway system. They generated a state
of internal traffic, which enabled railways to take
up the portion of it adapted to high speed, and
still to leave canals more work than ever. India
can do better agriculturally and commercially
without fast railways than without canals or other
water carriage.

The average distance which goods have to be
carried in England is about 40 miles—in India
about 250. The actual difference of charge, allow-
ing for the different value of money, is eight times
phigher in India than in England ; but, taking dis-
tance into account, the difference is at least as
thirty six to one against India If we imagine
what the state of trade in England would be with
the cost of transit advanced thirty-six fold, wo
may easily understand why India exports so little,
and why its exchequer is bankrupt.