The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-27 00:00:00

LATE

well, in endeavouring to promulgate the facts ing
enfor pr
cincd b ipleall s of which have nine respected and
ey sncceeeing gove uts, and which
contained in this pamphlet, which at a time
at this moment regu'ate the school.
when it was believed that our Indian " Himself educated at the military school of
army, at all events, was under safe Brienue, military education ever engaged the at-
tention of Napoleon., He never took his hand off
command, and on a sure footing, showed by those
the schools. Consular and imperial decrees esta-
same facts, given on independent testimony, from Wished and regulated the Prytanee Frangais, now
the camps of the Angle-Indian itself, that that ! the junior military school at La Fleche ; l'eco
eilo
, special.e militeire, now at St. Cyr ; l'ecole ape isle
army was in the state of insecurity proved by re-
militaire de cavalrie, now at Seumur ; the military
cent events, and by such particulars as leaving school at Chalons ; the engineer school at Metz.
our military magazines and fortresses wholly under : In fact, every existing military school, except that
of the staff, owes its origin to Napoleon ; and the
the charge of native troops, who to properly in-'same system of competition, where applicable, per-
formed persons are well known to be prepared for ivad.es them all. After the peace of Tilsit, Napo-
mutiny. The most melancholy corroboration of leon lent the Emperor Alexander ten professors,
for the pnrpose of establishing a polytechnic in
Russia.
the state of the patronage appointments, and ad- To the last he insisted on military educa-
ministration displayed by those facts has been re- lion. He
Brough dictated to Mtoutholorancn, at St. Helena,
cently cently presented by the instances of suicides of, these words i-----‘ to Fe when
Louis entered on the life of a man at the siege of
officers, following those in the army during th© Toulon,
on hearing me say to him, in the midst of
Persian expedition, arising from compunction on the corpses of 200 grenadiers slain through the
ignorance of their commander, at the assault of an
the part of the victims of the system, at the false impregnable side of Fort Pharou—lf 1 lied com-
positions in which they found.. themselves placed, mantled here, all these brave men would be stal
with the stern necessities of which they have . alive : learn, ouis, from is example, ho abso-
lutely necessarLy instrucion.th is to those whw o aspire
found themselves unqualified to contend. The
to command °there.'"
facts put forth in the pamphlet to which we Under a reformed administration, every regiment
' advert were chiefly derived from the narrative of would be a school, of which
tthe commanding officer
would be the mister, imparing, wi instruction,
Mrs. COLIN MACKENZIE, the wife of Captain COLIN
qualifications and habits which would be useful in
MACKENZIE, an officer in the Indian army, peace, and to the men and officers in civil life.
displaying the disasters of battles and The proof that many of the evils of army malad-
ministration made manifest during the campaign
mismanagement passed over, or disguised
in the Crimea, are common to the army in India,
in despatches, but which wee© notorious in
where there is " no long peace," but incessant war,
the camp, and a state of command which readers show tehaept
seat thoseed evandils are
chron not
ic, acciddemandi ental or transienstitunt,
but dng i-
not the occurrence, but the absence, of the most t.
onal reforms. •
dangerous commotions a matter of surprise. We The main allegations in respect to that maladmin-
mey depend 'upon it, that when the causes of the istration are beset' on the testimony of professional
authorities of the highestnlass.
wide-spread mutinies are examined, it will be found For the prevention, then, of the repetition of
vast disasters and losses of life and m alley, and of
that the affair of the greased cartridges is only one
, grievous and enneceisary augmentations of per-
of a series of gross imprudencies affecting the
nianent public bur, hens;—for the abeternent of the
condition of the native troops, and arising out of horrible interests
the state of the commands, and an ignorant or an selves time in peace hangs so heavily on them-
and others ; te ensure higher social as well as
insolent disregard of the feelings of half civilised
professional qualifications to men in influential
and morbidly sensitive men. We give from the
I rco •
itious, who most be maintained as military ofti-
pamphlet the following, as small incidents, but leers ;—to purify the House of Commons from prac-
indicative of the character of minds which have
ruled in the military administration of lndie : tlce of. b.ribery for party support, by the gifts of
commissioi is and promotions—it is submitted to ad-
ministrative reformers, that it should now he de-
The disp'ay in the commencement of the Russian mauded that the concession obtained in re•pect to
war, in sending soldiers tightly stocked to the one branch of the military service shall be extended
eastern climates, has its reflex in the following es- to the whole line, and commissions he no longer
perience in India : sold, but g:ven to merit, tested by competitive
Her Majesty's 32d have been marched from i examinations."
Amballa to Ferozpur, and have suffered very ITh
e question to be put before the House of Com-
severely on their march. It is said from 200 to
300 are on the sick list, and .ix or seven, iuclu ling mons by Sir DE LACY EVANS admits of a very
one officer, have died from a coup de soleil. It is simple issue, "Do you, the opposers, mean to
supposed that they have b -en unnecessarily exposed
say that for command in the tine of the English
ao the son. Queen's officers are often obstinate on
thia:point (I suppose from ignorance of the cliate), army, unhke other armies, no special qualifica-
mand seem to think it manly to run every possible lions or no qualifications whatsoever are• re ui-
q
risk. A staff officer in China, who was present on
the occasion, told my husband that two of her Ma-
jesty's regiments were landed under a scorching are necessary, why do you object to the applica-
sun, and went into action. One was commanded Lion of the
like tests of those qualifications that
ou have alread and that are proved to by an old Indian, who allowed his men to take off
their stocks ; they suffered very little from the yy adopted,
heat. The other regiment was commanded by a work so well in res missions to the
pect to ad
stiff European martinet, who could perm tno such Artillery and t 3 the Engineers ?" The conduct
irregularitioe and lost ten men on the field from
apoplexy ; sure'y, in the case of the 32d, it would of particular Members and of the House should
have been better to expose the troops to this heat be watched with great suspicion, and the names
for some purpose. be noted of those who do, or who do not divest
The shmftlessuess of the officers and their want
of power of new adaptation to new habits, is dis- themselves of future participation in the present
played in the following passage : patronage system, for the resolution of Sir DE
Moreover, they (the oilchs, who were newly en- LACY EVANS is of vast importance as well for the
listed) all wear their hair at full length, which
disqualifications which it will be the means of
lengni, I am assured, commonly extends from three
feet to six feet, and sometimes even to eleven feet ; excluding, as •for the good qualifications which it
—four feet of hair is frequent. The whole is formed may be made the means of preparing, admitting,
into a knot on the tip of the head. Now, "here's
and securing. It is, in truth, in part a measure
a ccii" which effectually prevents a man from wear-
ing a very shallow forage cap ; and as Lord Hard- of Parliamentary Reform also, for it goes to this—
ing gives them leave to keep their hair and beards, that the House of Commons shall divest itself of
neither of which they ever cut, and at the same
the military patronage by which Members pay
time insists on their wearing this obnoxious topi ;
the veerans positively refuse to have anything to their supporters, or themselves, at the expense of
do with a service which makes a saucer-cap a sine the country.
Tea non. ------
Some of the finest recruits draw back, and will
not enlist when the topi is shown to them ; and
truly the effect of it is most absurd. C. has risked
the sefety of his Glengarry bonnet, by sending it to
head-quarter 4, with a request to be ill owe i to give
similar ones to his men. Major Mackeson and the
Commander of the 3d Rudiment of Frontier-
aiseade are b th anxious for its adoption, as the
Sikli tresses could be stowed away most conve-
nieetly under it, but no answer has yet arrived,
although the abhorred tooi may prove as fatal as
Gesier's.

some other part of the earth more congenial to
the indulgence of their sanguinary dreams."
It would seam, then, as if there were to be a
new and organised attempt to get rid of that
which has always been the bugbear of continental
despots—the extension of hospitality to political
refugees of all ranks, and of every grade and
Tariety7of political opinion. A trial par contu
mace could easily be got up, and a verdict adverse
to the defendants, under the circurnstances, would
be certain. It is, however, an axiom of the
English law, that no man can be declared
guilty without the opportunity of being beard in
his own defence. Shall we obandon that glorious
principle in deference to the commands of others ?
Shall England no longer be the sanctuary for
those who have sought protection on her shores,
and availed themselves of that hospitality which
she unhesitatingly extends to all without excep-
tion, and by which the Emperor has himself
profited in his hour of trial? It will not, it can-
not be done. No true-hearted Englishman would
fcr a moment listen to such an appplication, no
mat ter what Might be the consequences of a re-
fusal. To deliver up persons thus accused, would
be to sue-render them to certain death. " Extra-
dition for political offences " would, as M. LEDRU
Rowder justiy declares, be " a stain upon civilisa-
tion—a scourse to humanity I " The nation
capable of gran,+,ing it, for the sake of whatever
earthly considerati-ons or momentary expediency,,
would infallibly lower itself to the lowest- stage of
ignominy. And yet the principle asserted by the
i Times would go to tha,4, extent. A little compli-
I cated machinery should i,e put in motion, but
that would not be wanting wherever the quarry
might be deemed worthy of sufficient ammunition.
A plausible pretext might easily be got up, but
the infamy of yielding would be the same, and
thenceforth the name of Britain would stink in
the nostrils of Europe. She would, indeed, merit
the title " perfidious Albion," so freely accorded
on less conclusive grounds.
The letter of M. LEDRU ROLLlN—which will be
found in another part of our impression—although
a little stronger, in some parts, than we should
desire, so fairly grapples with the great points at
issue, that we have not hesitated to give it inser-
tion. He deals with the assertion that "itis no
question of politics but one of murder," by asking
where is the overt act?—where the proof of the
conspiracy? There has been no attempt to carry
the design into execution. If the project ever
had existence, it might have been repented of,
—and, therefore, no conviction could follow, ac-
cording to the English law, and we could not
consent to the extradition on any ground.
It is truly said that the exiles received in this
country mtht, so long as they are sheltered here,
abstain from all acts calculated to overturn or in-
jure a Government recognised by England. It is
the price they pay for protection—the moderate
return for our liberal hospitality. They are not
to embroil us with others because we accord them
a place of refuge. Mot assuredly not. But the
English law is powerful to punish any wrongful
acts committed within her MAJESTY'S dominions,
and to that law M. LEDRU ROLLIN fearlessly ap-
peals. He declares himself in duty bound openly
to meet justice, and to enlighten it respecting his
conduct. He challenges investigation before an
English tribunal and an English jury, where
he would at least be assured of a fair
and unbiassed and impartial trial. This
meets the question boldly and independently,
and the justice of the demand cannot be im-
peached. Should it be denied or evaded we
should only cover ourselves with opprobrium.
As M. LEDRU ROLLIN truly declares " The ques-
tion is one of political extradition, the bearing of
which is not confined within the narrow bounds
of individual or even national interests, lofty
though they be, but a question which involves
the highest principles of liberty, justice, morality,
and human conscience."
We cannot, then, under such circumstances,
believe that tho English Government would yield
on such a point—that they would, iu obedience
to foreign dictation, or the prevalence of the Ger-
manic element in the National Council, abandon
a principle which our ancestors would never have
controverted or denied. -And this is our belief,
notwithstanding the significant rumours above
alluded to, and the still more significant feeler
put forward by the Jupiter Tonans of Printing

brains out.

SIR COLIN. CAMPBELL.

Our correspondent at Malta, in a letter dated the
9th, announcing the arrival of Sir Cohn at that place,

says :
"Sir C)lin CAropbell pags.ld through Malta on the

1 ith, 19oking very well and hearty. He was not long
doing his little shopping, and went off with his purchases
uader hig arm. He came in the Veotis o❑ the 16th and
left in Vie same vessel next morning for Ale xandria."

The proposed resolution of Sir DE LACY ETANs
fur the general adoption of opsn competitive exa-
minations, as a means of testing the qualifications
for commissions in the army, will go to the root of
the evil. We entirely agree with the writer of
the pamphlet that
"The first step in reform would be to ensure spe-
cial education, tested by proper examinations fur
admission, and new securities for promotion by
merit. All who are acquainted with the subject,
treat with contsmpt the doctrine put forth by
Lord Seymour and others in the House of Com-
mons, in defence of the system of purchase, that
it is practically impossible to discriminate merit in
commands ; and, therefore, that the rule of pro-
motion fair merit would soon become practically
promotion for favour. Under a proper system of
" intendance," as in France, it is practicable to
show, from particular facts, and from the state of
the troops commauded, the state of a command ;
and it is practicable to make those evidentiiry facts
matter of record, independently of favour, with the
certainty and almost the exactitude of a money
account
In respect to special tra:ninge, and examinations
to test them for commissions, proximate evidence is
afforded by the English army itself.
The officers of the engineerslihd the artillery, form
the only branches of the service for which any
special training is required, and they are generally,
socially as well as profesioually, distinguished from
the rest of the army. The artillery was Vie only
branch of the English service, which, in the Crimea,
is acknowleiged to have proved itself superior.
The exemivations for the engineers, as well as for
the artillery, have been, however, merely pass exa-
minetions, end the promotions ill conducted, and
the engineers have displayed the insecurity of that
mode of examina.ion. Of the engineering of the
several armies in the field, competent impartial
testimony gives the first rank t ) the military works
of the Rusian engineers, the next to the French,
the next to them the Sardinians (and even the
Turks have been generally more handy), and to
the English military engineers the last. The
officers of the engineers, however, and of the
artillery, are not found mixed up in the low pur-
suits, or in opprobioua scenes with the officers of
the line ; and they are met in scientific associa-
tions and intellectual societies, and are frequently
proved to be well fitted for civil administrative
offieer*.
The civil service commissioners have just declared
the fact, as the result of their first year's trials, that
the candidates obtained by competitive examina-
tions were of considerably higher attainments than
those who had undergone simply pass examinations,
or who had gained appointment or simple nomina-
tion.
The Duke of Wellington, who had himself
obtained a military education in a French school,
favoured scientific officers wheresoever he could get
them.
The writer of the article on Military Education,
in the last number of the " Westminster Review,"
after speaking of the French system of military
education for the higher commands, says :
" The principle of competition pervades the
whole, it opens the door of the profession, it intro-
duces to the higher rooms and upper seats. We
regard competition as the salt of the system,
purifying and preserving it, as the goveruor of the
engine, adjusting its propelling force to the resist-
ance it has overcome." " But the question has
passel from the region of discussion into that of
fact. What was an experiment is a proved success.
Napoleon, with a marvellous prescience into
France, applied to Vie army the system eve propose.
If we are wrong in putting up commissions to
literary competition," (i.e., to competition in the
literature of the practical sciences applicable to war,)
—" Napoleon was wrong, Evince, faithfully fol-
lowing his plans for the last half century, has been
in error, and the reputation of her arms a mistake.
The law which reorganised the Polytechnic .iis
preseat basis is remarkable as being the first indi-
cation of the great designsof the First Consul. The
law promulgated thirty-seven days after the 18th
of Brumaire, declares that the purpose of the new
institution is to train pupils for all the public ser-
vices, and particularly for the more scientific
branches of the army : the mode of admission by
ipea literary competition among all young French-
men of the required age ; their appointment to cer-
tain branches of tho public service also by compe-
tition ; the object, manner, and duration of the
instruction ; the different boards for teaching, were
all laid down by this remarkable decree, the lead-

A C.tbinet Council was hFld on Saturday afernoon
at the odis:ial residence of the Fast Lord of the Treasury,
in Do wniug-atreet ; all the Ministers were present.
Her R.).).31 mghness the Duchess of Kent, attended
by Lady Anna Maria Dawson and Sir George Cooper,
arrived in town on Saturday afternoon. The royal
duchess vi,ited the Duchess of Cambridge at her
residence in St. James's Palace, and afterwards returned

to Frogroore.
Ilia Excellency the Ambassador of France and the
Countess de Persigny have left the French Embassy for
Nuneham Park, Oxon, on a visit to Frances Countess
Waidegrave and Mr. G. G. Hareoutt.
His Excellency Baron Bentinek will have the honour
to receive the Queen of the Netherlands to dinner on
at the Netherlands Legation.
the Peruvian Minister (Domingo
EN V
Heias) e
as
End
dxYcseunilieteientcy h'ave left the Brunswick Hotel, Jero3yn-
street, for the United States.
Tue Duke of Devonshire has abandoned his intended
visit to Liemore Castle, Ireland, for this autumn, and
will reside at Chatsworth, after his visit to Bulton Abbey
next month.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford left Stafford
House on Saturday for Trentham, on their way to Scot-

house-Nuare.

Attention hAs just been properly directed to
some predictions, in the recently published me-
moirs of Sir WILLIAM NAPIER, that we should be

brought to sorrow by placing the Native Indian
army, composed of men of deep seated casts preju-
dices, requiring the exercise of the highest dis-
cretion and mental influence, under the command
of mere boys, who are respected by men nowhere.
But what sort of boys has it been the practice to
place, by patronage, in positions of command, in the
remote districts of India ? The " North British
Review, for August, 1857, actually made it a
matter of merit, that

land.
The Marquis and Marchioness Cholmondeley have
returned to Carlton Houee-terrace from Houghton Hall,
Rougham, Norfolk.
The Earl and Countess of Derby and Lady Emma
Stanley leave town to-day on a visit to the Duke and
Duchess of Richmond, at Goodwood Park, during the

The syst:m of purchase, and even to some ex-
tent, the possible oper aion of favouritism, attract
to the army precisely those young men who, if they
did not do that would do nothing, and are far tuo
numerous and too remnant a class to remain unem-
pl .yid with impuni`y. The young nobleman who
can find no occupation to fill up the years which
must elapse between leaving college and succeeding
to the family honours au estate, and whose desouvre
cmdition now, if they are not in Parliament,
makes them ,almost objects of compassion ; the
younger sons- of the aristocracy, who shrink from
the laborious professions, and have means sufficient
to save them from the necessity of toil, who have
not talent enough for the bar, nor steadiness for
the Church, nor capital enough for commerce, nor
taste or -vocation enough for any of these careers ;
(and for India chiefly) the children of wealthy
citizens and bankers, who have time to waste, and
money to spend, and who have no great objects to
arouse them, and no res angusta to stimulate them
to exertion, —those who would otherwise be men
about town, mischievous dawdlers and hungers, a
burden to themselves, and a plague to all around
them, now eagerly press into a profession in which
wealth and connexion secure advancement.
- -

races.
Lord and Lady Holland gave a Pie chanspe4re on Sa
turday afternoon, at their fine old mansion at Kensing-
ton, on which occasion the noble host and hostesa were
of France, the Duchess of Cambridge,
honoured by the presence of the Queen of the Nether-
lands, the Duchess d'Orleans, and several members of
ffatmheilymembere of the fashionable world.
andthe eax -hroosytaol
Harvesting commenced at her Majesty's farm near
Osborne, last week.
DrraitTunE Or THE 2D DRAGOON GUARDS TOR
INDIA. —The 2d Dragoon Guards, ordered for India,
embarked on Saturday at Gravesend, on board the
frigate built ships Monarch and Blenheim. The men
appeared in good spirits.
EMBARKATION OF TROOPS FOR INDIA.—On Saturday
the let battalion of the Ist Roysle embarked at King*
town on board the Caledonia, transport, for India. The
troop ship Robert Lowe, now in Kingstown harbour,
will receive sew her battalion to-day; the remainder of
the let Royals will be embarked in the course of the
pre,ent week.
EXECUTION Or A MURDERER.—On Saturdaylast John
Lewis, who was convicted of murdering his wife, Gwen-
ban Lewis, on the 4th of Janulry last, was executed in
front of the gaol at Cardiff, in the presence of a very
large concourse of opectatore.
Finch, for the murder at Rivenhall will be executed
on Wedcesday next. The Rev. G. B. Hamilton, the
chaplain, is in daily attendance upon him, and though
wretchedly ignorant, the culprit evinces contrition and
religious feeling.—Chelmsford Chronicle.
COMMUTATION OP SENTENCE.—In accordance with the
recommendation of the learned judge who tried the case,
Elizabeth Jamieson, convicted at York Assizes fur the
murder of her chil 1, has had her sentence of death com-
muted to penal servitude for life. —observer.
THE LATE MURDER AT WOODFOUD.—Great exertions
have been toads Ly the police during the past week for
the apprehension of Jonathan Goydon, the perpetrator
of the late brutal murder at Woodford, who is supposed
to be concealed in Epping Forest, and it is believed
that a clue to his biding place has been obtained, and
that he will be captured in a day or two. A reward of
2001. 110 been offered for his apprehension by the Go.
vernment.
THE AMERICAN MAILS.—LIVERPOOL, Saturday.—
Toe British and North American Royal Mail steam-
ship Persia, Captain C. H. E. Judkins, sailed from
the Mersey at noon to-day for New York, with the usual
mails for the United States and British North American
provinces, 190 passengers, and a full cargo of merchan-
dise on freight, The Royal Mail steamship Niaeara,
Captain J. G. Wickman, with advices from'New York
to the 14th ; Boston, 15th ; and flalt,ar to the 17th
inst , may be exeecte,d to morrow-morning.
THR AUSTRALIAN MAILS.— MALTA, July 19.—The
Scasnander, belonging to James Moss and Co., et'
Liverpool, brought the Australian mail, which ought to
have lift Australia en the 15th May, but which left on
the 30th May. The admiral has no steamer to ge on
with the malts, which are in charge of Mr. Green, the
consul's son, of Alexandria. This is a bad arrangement
for tee Australian mails. Eight boxes go via Mar-
seill.3s, the other 150 go on by the Searnander. There
was no news from India when the Siinla passed Ceylon.
Tile Simla has 12,000 ouucee of gold on board, and 30
passengers. Toe Great Britain had left Australia with
3G,000 owes of gold on board.

The quality of the men appointed in India, is
shown by the results of some preliminary siftings
with very wide-meshed sieves,—the partial exam-
nations recently appointed. Of 437 sons of gen-

tlemen, and men of high social position, examined
during the years 1851 to 1856, both inclusive,
one hundred and thirty failed in reading and
spelling, and two hundred and thirty-four failed
to do the common rules of arithmetic ; an extent
of failures to be found in no decent English
charity schools ! The Indian army has been sur-
charged with mere " wastrels," the worst edu-
cated, the worst prepared, those for whom no
places could be found at home—men often lower
than the class of commissioned officers in Eng-
land, of whom the late Duke of WELLINGTON
said, that however brave they were inthe
field,
in the management of men in the camp, quarters,
or cantonments, they were but " poor creatures."
Reform : and the Aris-
A pamphlet on " Army
toeratie Standard of the Army Expenditure and
its Besults," was published a year ago, at the
instance of Mr. INGRAM TRAVERS, Mr. GASSIOT,
and Mr. MORLEY, containing very important facts
on this subject ; and whatever may have been the
failures of those gentlemen in respect to the
Administrative reforms which they endeavoured
to promote—and much excuse must be made for
tion—they certainly aimed

men of

Lame occuPal

T TILE SUS, VONBON, MONDAY EVENING. JATLY 27, 1857.

A
E W.

MARSEILLES, JULY 26.

The Indian mail is expected here to-morrow.
Advices from Naples have been received to the
23d inst. The trial continues. None of the pri-
soners have as yet been shot. Nicotera has re-
vealed the whole plot. He has justified the
conduct of the crew of the Cagliari. Some of
the papers found on Pisacane are in cipher, and
have not been made out.

Foichini, the refugee, who escaped from Lon-
don, after committing a double assassination, is
among the wounded. Padula, has blown his

A conflict has taken place between some of the
inhabitants of Torre del Greco and the crew of the
French ship Metoore. The sailors were occupied
in making hy drog rap h i cal observations, when they
were attacked by the Neapolitans, who thought
they intended to effect a landing for revolutionary
purposes. The King has ordered apologies to be
made to the officers of the Meteore.

The King of Naples has gone to reside at Caste:
mare, with his three SOll3.

FRANCE.
PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING.
The ships sent out to reinforce the French and
English naval divisions in China will assemble on
the Ist of August at Hong Kong, which is their
point of rendezvous.
The Moniteux has little beyond nominations to
the magistracy and of justices of th 3 peace, except
another letter from Jassy, of the '7th July, abusing
all the employes of the Porte, and writing up the,
Russian view of the union of the Principalities.
The Dcbats contains a curious document, the
political testament of Pisacaue, recently slain
at Sapri. It is dated Genoa, June 7, 1857, and is
said to have been received from London. Despite
the fact that the Debuts has received a " warning"
for i s publication, th3re are reasons to suspect it is
a polic,t-manufactured forgery.
M. Ledru Rollin has addressed a long letter to
the Juge d'lnstruction of Paris, who is charged
with preparing the evidence in the case of the
Italian conspirators, with a view of clearing him-
self of any connexion with them.

Private letters from Toulon of the 25th announce
that the English squadron of evolutOns under the
orders of Admiral Lyons bad put to sea, and
was on the way to Algie s. It was afterwards to
visit Tunis and Tripoli. Accounts from Algiers
mention that General Al`Malion lual arrived there
on the 20th. During his absence General Bambaki
had taken the command of his division. General
M'Alahon was chirged with a mission of inspection
in Algeria, af'er completing which it was believed
he wool I return to France.
Joseph Napoleon Ney, Prince of Moskowa, and
eldest son of Marshal Ney, died yesterday morn-
ing, at S'. Germain-en-Laye, near Paris.
BOURSE, July N.—The following were the last
quota'ions :
Cash. fr. c. End of Month.
4i per Cents - —fr.
3 per Cents 66 90 C 6 90
Bank Shares 2,890 Credit Foucier 560
Credit Mobilier 941 Roman
Do. Account — Austrian
Belgian 41
Piedmoutese (5) BB ; 5 Home Debt -
RAILWAYS—FOR CASH.
tr. c. 'f r c.
Orleans 1,440 -- Western -
Northern
Lyons — -- New Ditto -
Mediterranean — Grand Central ...... 605 --
Geneva
Midi

MALTA, JULY 21.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's fleet
steampacket the Simla, E. Cooper, commander,
and Commander Keatley, R.N., mail agent, de-
spatched from Sydney on the 25th of May, reached
Suez on the 12th July with 35 passengers, and gold
on freight to the value of 40,5801. She brought a
mail of 178 boxes and bags, of which 159 are for
Southampton and London, 17 for the overland route
(including those for France and the Continent),
and,two for Malta.
The next homeward mail is advertised to leave
Sydney on the 15th June by the European, to be
followed on the 15th July by the Columbian, and
on the 15th Aug. by the Australasian.
The Great Britain left Melbourne on May 21st
with 101,600 ounces of gold and 34,000 letters
from Victoria.
We take the following summary of news from the
Melbourne Argus of May 29 :
" Since the publication of our last overland sum-
mat yr a steady supply of gold has been received from
the mining districts, but the average weekly yield
has been below that of the past year. The employ-
ment of larger numbers than at any former period
of the mining population in deep sinking and quartz
mining, their consequent withdrawal horn the im-
mediate production of gold, and the protracted dry-
ness of the season account for the falling off in the
escort returns. When the labourof the deep sinkers
has been consummated and the hoards of the shal-
low sinkers have passed through the process of
washing, the average of the returns of the current
year will be brought up to that of last.
" The steadiness with which the quartz reefs are
being opened up at a heavy cost of labour and of
money, and the large sums expended in machinery
for extracting the metal, are sure indications of the
faith entertained by practical men in the hidden
riches of our gold mines. We have stated that at no
former period have such numbers been employed in
sinking. Tbis remark applies especially to the dis-
tricts surrounding Ballarat and Bendigo. At Bal-
larat shafts are being catried down at the Durham
and Delter leads, at the Gravel-pits and Specimen-
gully, and all these localities proiniQe to yield hand-
somely for the labour that has been expended on
them. The quartz reefs at Bendigo are yielding
fabulous quantities from the small extent opened
up. At Dunolly, water, which has hitherto been
scarce is now plentiful, and large quantities of th,.,
by comparison, poor " washing-stuff" wilt now be
passed through the mill. A new lead is reported in
this district, about one mile and a half from the
Post-office, in which gold has been struck at a depth
of 50 feet. At Maryboro ugh gre Ater activity prevails.
At the Avoca another powerful engine, the third on
the Avoca lead, is nearly complete, and will in a
short time be at work in keeping the water under
command. At M'lvor the paddling-machines are
again at work. The favourable accounts from the
Ovens are fully borne out by facts. The weekly
escort returns have averaged 6,540 ounces for the
12 months past, while large quantities have been
sent down from this district by private hand.
" Trio followine, comparative statement of the
receipts by escort, and the shipments during the
first three months of the past four years, shows that
the year 1857 is second only to its predecessor :-
1854. 1855. 1853. 1857.
Ounces. Ounces. Ounces. Ounces.
Roccipts by escort 482,991 407,394 748,209 527,154
Shipments

" POLITICAL.
" When our last summary was transmitted to
England we were in one respect in a position pre-
cisely similar to that which we now occupy. That
is to say, we were at the latter end of a month's
Parliamentary recess consequent upon a change of
Ministry then, and we are iu a similar position with
respect to a second change of Mtnistly now. But
here the similarity ends. As we predicted some-
what more than a month since, Mr. O'Shanassy'a
Ministry was one that had no reasonable kips of a
permanent existence. There were then already-
sufficient signs of the times to show that an over-
whelming majority, both in Parliament and
throughout the country, had no confidence in the
new Admin'stration, and that it was doomed to
early destruction. So it proved.
" The sittings of Parliament were resumed after
the last recess on the 15th of April, only four out
of the seven Ministers having secured seats, the
Attorney-General (Mr. Chapman), the Solicitor-
General (Mr. Wo-id), and the Commiss'oner of Trade
and Customs (Mr. Greaves) having been rejected
by the constituencies to which they severally
appealed, although Mr. Woad subsequently sue-
`seeded in securing his election fur the Ovens dis-
trict.
" Oa the first day of the 'woofing of the Assem-
bly Mr. Fellows, who had held for a brief period
the office of Attorney-General under Mr. Haines,
gave notice for the following day of a vote of
want of confidence in the O'Shauassy Government.
Mr. Fellows moved the resolution of which he had
given notice, declaring the then Executive t 3 be
without the confidence of the house, and their con-
tinuance in office under these circumstances to be
unconstitutional.
" The debate commences by Mr. Fellows was
adjourned at midnight till the following Tuesday,
but was not actually iesumel till the day after, the
much-lamented death of Lady Barkly, which had
occurred in the meantime, and the fiat that her
funeral took place on the day appointed for the re-
sumption of the debate, having caused a tempo-
rary suspension of Parliamentary business. On the
Wednesday, however, the Asssembly, after adopt-
ing an address of condolence to his Excellency, re•
sumed the debate on Mr. Fellows's minion. The
debate was prolonged till seven the following morn-
ing, when a division occurred, and the Ministry
were defeated by 34 votes to 19. Mr. O'Shanassy
tendered the resignation of himself and his col-
leagues.
" On the next day of meeting ,of Parliament,
the following Tuesday, the announcement of the
names of the new Ministry was made on their be-
half by Mr. S4rgood :—Mr. Haines, Chief Secre-
tary ; Mr. M'Culloch, Commis3iener of Trade and
Customs ; Mr. Ebden, Treasurer ; Mr. Michie,
Attorney-General ; Mr. Moore, President of the
Board of Land and Works ; and Mr. Fellows,
Solicisor-General.
" The only new measure of any importance that
has yet been brought before Parliament is one for
the imposition of duty of 10s. per lb. on opium—
a tax which may
.be regarded at a sort of supple-
ment to the capitation-tax on the Chinesro. Mr.
Miehie (the Attorney-General) has given notice of
a motion for abolishing State aid to religion.
cc AGRICI7LTURE.

" The question whether agriculture will pay here
is still raised by a few of those who adhere to the old
system, and whose farms, being near the coast, are
open to competition from the neighbouring colo-
nies. In the interior, near the goldfields the ques-
tion is never asked at present. The higher paces
obtained for their produce enable the cultivators of
farms in these new districts to pay the current
wage 3 without difficulty. The statistical returns
not being yet complete, we do not know exactly
how much additional land has been brought into
cultivation during the past season, but there is
little doubt of tie quantity being large. Complete
returns have been received from five districts and
counties, and in all these except ono there has been
a large increase. In the district of Bendigo there
were 5,052 acres under crop last season, to 1,439 in
the previous year ; in the Ovens district 4,045 acres
in 1856, to 2,211 in 1855 ' • in the county of Nor-
manby 2,730 acres in 1856. to 1,329 acres in
1855 ; in the county of Dundas 9iB acres in
1856, to 480 acres in 1855. In the county of
Follet there has been little change, as there
is nothing grown there except what the squatters
raise for their own use. The numbers are 128
acres in 1856, to 123 acres in 1855. These five dis-
tricts are in different parts of the colony, the Ovens
being at the extreme north-east, and the county of
Norinanby at the south-west extremity, and will
afford a fair idea of the average produce. In 1855
the average yield of wheat for the whole colony was
28 bushels to the acre ; the average of these five
districts in 1856 is 26 bushels, and we may expect
this to be about the general average for
in the year.
" The best criterion of the prospects of the agri-
cultural interest here is to be found the constant
demand for more free access to land. A Land
League has been established with the object of ob-
taining greater facilities fur settlement on land fit
for agriculture, and the farmers are petitioning Par-
liament for the opportunity of obtaining the use of
a portion of the grazing lands. A petition is also
being extensively signed through the country
districts for the establishment of a Board of
Agriculture. The want of a recognized head
through which information of all kinds might be
obtained is much felt, as also the want of a
good museum, containing specimens of the nu st
modern implements and machinery, and a library
of the best and latest agricultural works. There
are now many local societies springing up in differ-
ent parts of the country, and something like orga-
nisation and union is wanted among them. This it
chemists,
membersemsts
is proposed to bring about by having meetings sive
a-year, or oftener, of delegates from the several
t -gather with certainiieexuhourjfiaciio
to sciences affecting this
societies,
of the Government, the Professor of Naturalevveatrsietcp ,
Sciences
soctehse persons
pursuit. It is to be hoped that something will be
done this session towards the formation of this • de-
partment, and it is impossible to foresee all
the ad-
vantages we may derive from it. The climate of
Australia is suited to the growth £
0 many valuable