The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-23 00:00:00

NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE

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The further hearing of this extraordinary case was
resumed yesterday morning. The first witness called was
Sarah Grecott—l am the wife of a butcher in St.
John's Wood. I was engaged on 23th June, 1854, by
Field to go to Mrs. King's. I was to be paid 2/. a
week; I went there on Thursday the 29th. I
know the defendant. I saw him on that day
about luncheon time. He went to the Crystal
Palace with Mrs. Evans and Mr. Mellins. They dined
that day on their return between 7 and S o'clock. I
remained in the house till the following Saturday
week. I had been engaged specially to watch Mrs.
Evans, Mr. Robinson came again on the 30th
about luncheon time. That was his usual time
for calling. Mrs. Evans was in the house, and they
were alone together for some time. He
called again the following day (Saturday) ; they were
alone on that day together for some time. I had ob-
served nothing up to that time. On Sunday Field gave
me a gimblet, and I made a hole in the folding door be.
tween the drawing-room and back drawing-room. I
was unable to command a view of the sofa through the
first hole I made. The second time I was more sue.
cessfnl, and could command a view of the sofa in the
drawing room. On the 4th of July Mr. Robinson came
as usual. Mr. Mellins was there ; they had luncheon
about 1 o'clock, and Mr. Mellins went out. After he
had gone out the defendant and Mrs. Evans were alone
in the drawing-room. I went into the back drawing-
room, where I found Mrs. Price taking an inventory.
I looked through. the second hole I had made, and
I saw the defendant and Mrs. Evans sitting
on the sofa, side by side. Mrs. Price
looked through. and in doing so made a slight noise.
On that Mrs. Evans came into the room and asked
what we were about. Mrs. Price said taking an
inventory. I think we then both went down stain..
After that I heard the drawing-room door shut as I
supposed by Mrs. Evans. I then went up stairs
again with Mrs. Price. I again looked through the
hole and I saw the defendant and Mrs. Evans
on the sofa. Mrs. Evans was sitting astride the defend.
ant's lap. I fetched Mrs. King up, who looked through
the hole also. The defendant came again the following
day, July 5, and was alone with Mrs. Evans for some
time. I again looked through the hole and saw them
on the cola. I witnessed a similar act to that on the
previous day, only they were in a different posi-
tion. I left, and asked Mrs. King to come
up, and she looked through the hole. I again
looked through and saw that they had not changed their
position on the sofa. That night, before going to Liver-
pool, in August, I saw the defendant in company with
Mrs. King. She corroborated Mrs. King's evidence,
relative to the defendant's meeting them in Bryanstone-
street, previous to the trial in Liverpool, in August, and
the conversation that passed between them. Defendant
did not speak to me ; he did not know me.
Cross-examined—When Field engaged me I was
to have 2/. a week for a month. 1 knew I was to
watch a lady. I remained 9or 10 days, and had my
money, Si. I did my duty very carefully. I did not
look through the keyhole, but I. went once to
the doer and listened ; that was the only time
I listened. I made the hole in the door in the
middle of the day, when they were all out. I found I
could not see the sofa, and I had to make another. The
familiarity was taking place when I saw them. I went
to Mrs. King in the dining room, and fetched her up.
She came up immediately and looked through the hole.
I was not a minute fetching Mrs. King. 1 did not tell
Field of it for some time afterw.trds. Mr. Mellins paid
me the SI , and I had given my evidence to that gentle-
man before seeing Field. I saw Field yesterday, and spoke
to him several times ; once I believe after Mrs. King
had given her evidence. I have been examined twice
at Liverpool and once in Doctors' Commons. I said
nothing about the conversation with the defendant
except on the second trial, because I was not asked
about it.
Re-examined—l was to have 8/. for the month
whether I discovered anything wrong or not.
Mrs. Price deposed: I keep a lodging-house in Ryder-
street, St James's. My husband is at present in Avg-
trail& She corrabated the evidence of the last witness
relative to what she saw on looking through the hole in
the panel of the door. She added that the defendant's
hand was partly up Mrs. Evans' clothes.
Cross-examined—l did not know Mrs. King's real
name, or her mode of life when I became acquainted with
her. I once accompanied her tothe Marble Arch to meet
as she said Mr. Evans ; she did not tell me she was
going to meet Field. We met tae latter there ; Mr.
Evans was not with him. I did not hear her say,
"Here's my friend, Mre. Price, perhaps she will oblige
me." I did not hear Field's answer. I always knew it
was supposed an intrigue was going on at Mrs. King's
it was desirable to discover ; I had been separated from
my husband, but I lived with him before he went
to Australia. After the discovery I went to Margate
with Mrs. King. Field spoke to me about it, but I
can't say if it was there. It was before the first trial in
Liverpool.
Re-examined—l have had no conversation with Field
nothing material at all—about the trial. My husband
was a warehouseman. He left me before he went to
Australia.

Margaret Clarkson Saunders, 31, Saville-street—l
was at Mrs. King's house on a Tuesday in July. I be-
lieve it was the 4th. I was in the house-keeper's room
on the basement cleaning paint. I know Rim Davis,
Mrs. Evans's maid. I saw her that day in the house-
keeper's room between two and four o'clock. She was
ironing, and did not go up stairs at all during that time.
Cross-examined—l occasionally worked for Mrs. Sing
in Brydges-street, Covent-garden, lam her cousin. It
was after the first trial that I was asked about Ellen
Davis. _ _ _

John Clarke, fly-driver, at Cheltenham—l recollect a
party being given at Lansdowne-crescent in 1845, about
150 yards from Mr. Carrington's. It was a private ball.
Miss Carrington and the defendant got into my fly : it
was between 2 and 3 o'ciczk in the morning. He directed

me to drive to Berkeley-place, where the defendant
resided : it is a mile and a quarter from Lansdowne-cres-
cent. I drove them towards the place, and when near
Belle Vue, the defendant stopped the fly, got out and
paid me, directing me to drive the lady home to 15,
Lansdowne-terrace. I did so, and the lady got ous. I
have repeatedly seen them walking together in retired
places iu the suburbs of Cheltenham.
Cross-examined—l spoke of it at the time in 1845,
because it was something so unusual. At the request of
a fly-man I went on Friday last for the first time and
told Mr. E MIS of it. I saw him at the Assembly.
rooms. The lady and defendant were both in ball
dresses. It was a very common thing to see the de-
fendant going to Mr. Carrington's house on a Sunday
morning bet x.een 10 and 11 o'clock.
This was the plaintiff's case.
Sir F. Thesiger, in addressing the jury for the defend-
ant, said he felt certain they were all deeply impressed
with the impor'ance of this case, both as to its character
and its consequences, for they could entertain no doubt

Lord Campbell—What is the age of the defendant?
Mr. James—About 49.
Witness continued—my
father did not keep a riding
horse for use, and I always rode the defendant's black
mare. I was about 17 when I first knew him. I was
mauled Nov. 14, 1850. I became engaged to him in
Sept. of the same year. Mr. Robinson had no hand
whatever in that engagement. He
.resided at the time
at Cheltenham with his wife. After the marriage I re•
sided with my husband in Leicester, who is fond of
hunting and kept hunters. He deserted me in March,
1851, and the deed of separation was made in May. We
disagreed about living with his mother, and when I found
he would not give in, I wrote to say I would give way,
but he declined to live with me. I wrote him a letter
which has never been produced. He never assigned
any other cause for leaving me. My father died on the
10th of this month, and my mother on the same day.
My father gave his evidence in the Arches Court, and
if he had lived he would have given evidence here. We
were in the habit of corning to London, and Mr. Robertson
was in the habit of taking lodgings for us—he did it on
several occasions. I was never in a fly with Mr. Robin-
son at Cheltenham in July, 1849, Was in Norfolk at
the time staying atHelstead Rectory. I was never at any
time in a fly alone with Mr. Robinson at Cheltenham,
or any other place. I never left a party at Lansdowne-
crescent or any other place with Mr. Robinson. I was
always on such occasions seen home by my parents. In
1853 I cams to London and lodged in the Edgware-
road with my servant. My parents knew of it and all
my movements. I asked the defendant to take lodgings
arrived at Edgware-road on the 23d June, and removed
there for a fortnight and a day. The defendant used
for me, because my usual lodgings were occupied. I
to call there, and I used sometimes to go out with him.
I never saw the defendant in possession of a latch-key
whilst I was there. I never heard of it till my maid had
her deposition taken. I never knew of his coming into the
house without knocking or being announced by my maid or
Mrs. Phillips servant. When I have gone out with her
we have walked to the parks and the Royal Academy
Exhibition. He never on such occasions let himself in
with a latch-key—he always knocked. I have read the
proceedings in this case.
By Mr. James—Were you ever guilty of any act of
adultery with Mr. Robinson ?
Witness—Never.
Mr. James—At any time in the evening
of August 4,
1853?
Witness—Never.
Mr. James—Were you ever guilty of any indecency
or adultery with Mr. Robinson, as deposed to by Mann!
Witness—lt is utterly false. The story is utterly
false from beginning to end. xe
--LY sister Fanny was
with me in Dublin in August, 1853. My father kept
a memorandum-book, which I was in the habit of geeing.
Mr. James proposed to put in the book.
Mr. Sergeant Byles objected.
Lord Campbell refused to admit it.
Witness---I can do very well without it. My father
took nay sister to Dublin on the 2d of Aug. There was
no other sister at home then, She remained till the
end of Oct., but my father left about the 15th of A ugust,
and my sister went on a visit to my brother-in-law, Dr.
Wood, 16thLancerF, then quartered at Dublin in in 1854.
My I went to Bryanstone-street. father and mother
Came up after me. I arrived on the 19th of June
accompanied by my cousin, Mr. Mellins, a gentleman
reading for the church who had been in the army. I
think I wrote to the defendant to take apartments
for Mr. Mellins and myself. ite
—y father and mother
arrived on the sth of July, about 5 o'clock in the after-

noon.
Mr. James—l will ask you this question, during the
time you were in Bryanstone-street, did Mr. Robinson
take any improper familiarities with you, or to put the
question plainly did you commit adultery with him
there ?
Witness--I neiver did.
Lord Campbell—Or take improper familiarities ?
Witness—Never.
Mr. James—ln it true that, on the 4th July, you

A batch of informations, laid at the instance of the
Excise authorities, against the owners of supper-rooms
within the jurisdiction of the court, for selling beer,
spirits, and wines without a licence, was yesterday
heard at Marlborough-street police-court by Mr. Bea.lon.
the sitting magistrate.
The court was very much crowded by parties inte.
rested in the proceedings.
Mr. Webby, instructed by the Excise commissioners,
appeared to support the informations ; Mr. Buzzard,
vestry clerk of St. James's, and Mr. Superintondant
Hannant were present to watch the different cases.

It appeared that the proceedings originated from com-
plaints made to the police by inhabitants and licensed
victuallers of the district—the first asserting that these
supper-rooms rendered inoperative the act which
required public-houses to be closed after 12 o'clock on
Saturday night, and the last that their business was
seriously injured by unlicensed parties keeping open at
all hours, and supplying exciseable articles to their
customers. In consequence of these complaints the
Excise authorities communicated with the police, and
the result was six informations against eight individuals
occupying and owning six houses called supper-houses.
The first information was against Matilda Wood and
Henry Cox, the keepers of the Argyll Larder, 2, Penton-
street, better known as " Matty Wood's," for selling
spirits, Stc., vtithout a license, on Sunday morning,
22d November.
Police-sergeants Draper, Roberts, and Silvester,
proved that the house was watched for some time, and
that they gained admission in plain clothes on the
morning in question ; that great caution was used in
admitting thews, the deer being carefully guarded, and a
signal given on the admission of a customer ; and that
they found the supper-rooms filled with persons of
both sexes, who were being served with beer and spirits
and water.
Inspector Lester proved the ownership of the house,
and that the business had been for a length of time con-
ducted in the same way.
The evidence of the sale of spirits was defective in one
of the links, and the defendants were allowed the benefit
of the doubt by Mr. Beadon, and no penalty was inflicted.
A. second information against the same parties, for a
similar infraction of the law on the 29th Nov., was next
heard.
The evidence was similar in character and supported
by similar evidence, with this addition, that the proof of
the sale of exciseable liquors was made clear, and that
the defendants after the 224 Nov. exercised greater
caution in admitting guests, the outer door being kept on
the lock, and no one admitted without a preconcerted
signal.
Mr. Beadon imposed the highest penalty, 50/., on each
defendant.
An application for a mitigated fine was made.
Mr. Beadon could see no grounds whatever for miti-
gation.
The next case was against John Hoare, Henry Co;
and Joseph Gray, the keepers of the Waterford Arms,
15, Haymarket.
The police proved that they visited the house on the
morning of the 28th Nov., and found about a dozen
persons there. Some were drinking spirits and water,

1839, viz., the rapid fluctuations in the amount and value
of the medium of exchange. And this statement was
endorsed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir C.
Wood, who said that he anticipated from the law lens
flectuation in the amount of the circulation and in the
range of prices. So much for the theory. What have
bean the facts ? The notes of the Bank of England in
actual circulation have fluctuated from 17,377,000 in
June 1848 to 23,573,000 in Jan. 1853, or nearly 40 per
cent. whilst the fluctuations in the price of this legal
tender have been most violent in their range and num-
ber. Since the passing of the act (that is in less than 14
years) the rate of discount has been altered 52- times,
varying from 2 per cent, in April 1852 to 10 per cent. in
Nov. 1857—a difference of 406 per cent. I Contrast this
with the state of things prior to the passing of the act,
when, as stated by the Lords' Committee in their report
of 1848, the practice of the Bank of England had been to
discount at a rate nearly fixed and uniform, and that for
140 year:, viz., from 1704 to Sept. 1844, this rate was
never less then 4 per cast., and never ex 'ceded 5 per
cent., except far a few months in 1839, when it was -ix
per cent. Yet in the face of these facts the Times,
and a few other organs which 1 Blow in its wake, are
for upholding the act of 1844, and are loud in their
censures of the Government for its recent interference.
They were prepared to sacrifice not only the prosperity,
but the very peace of the country, t ) the maintenance of
a theory. It was not enough that the reckless trader
should be punished, but the careful and the thrifty must
be involved in one common ruin, and the honest and
hapless labourer absolutely perish for. want, in order to
swell the gains of a few " hard calculators"—men who
had been speculating on the fortunes they should make
by a famine in legal tender. The cry of these writers is
that the mischief has been precipitated by over-trading.
Now, without stopping to show that there can be no
such thing as a general over-trading—that it must ever
be exceptional, and that that must be a most imperfect,
clumsy, and. cruel system which punishes the guilty
and innocent alike—what, let us ask, is the cause of this
over-trading —these imprudent speculations and their
disastrous consequences I Need we seek further than
the working of the act of 1844 itself, atone time tempting
men with loans of money at two per sent., and
then bounding to six, eight, and ten per cent.?
With such unsteadiness, how is it possible to escape the
speculation and consequent ruin we now see ? The blame
is sought to be laid exclusively at the door of the joint-
stock and private banks, and bill-brokers in their system
of re-discounting. But how the Bank of England is to
escape the common blame—if blame there be in this—it
is difficult to see, since but for its acquiescence and as-
sistance, this system could not obtain. I contend, sir,
that the Act of 1844 has been weighed in the balance
and found wanting, and that the productive and trading
community should bestir themselves to get it repealed,
and a sound system of currency substituted in its stead.
But as many in these classes, either from want of time,
opportunity, or inclination, or from a supposed want of
power to grasp the subject, are mostly disposed to lean
upon authority, I state for the benefit of all such, that
the leading principles of the act have been condemned by
some of the ablest thinkers and writers on the subject of
monetary science—men whose interests are intimately
bound np in the subject. Among those are to be found
Mr. J. S. Mill, Mr. Tooke, the Editor of the Economist,
Mr. Edwin Hill (brother of the Post-office Eteformer),
Lord Ashburton, Mr. Glyn, Mr. Gurney, and numerous
others equally important. And let it not be forgotten
that the Select Committee of the House of Lords ap-
pointed to inquire into the commercial distress of 1847
stated in their report " that those restrictions (of the
Act of 1844) materially aggravated the pressure, and
produced the panic) of Oct., 1847;" and that the Commit-
tee of the House of Commons, appointed for the same
purpose, may be said to have virtually come to a similar
conclusion, it having divided 11 for and 13 against the
motion of Mr. Hume That in the opinion of the com-
mittee the laws for regulating the issue of bank notes
payable on demand (Acts of 1841-45 aggravated the
commercial distress in England in 1847"—the majority
consisting of Sir R. Peel and. his adherents, who sat in
judgment on their own measure. My belief is, however,
i that had Sir R. Peel lived until now, judging of his ac-
tion from his conduct on the subject of Catholic eman-
cipation and the repeal of the Corn Laws, he would bo

the Company have to excavate large tanks, or the
cattle would perish from want of water. The
distance from Calcutta to Lahore has been per-
formed by carriage dauk,—that is, post-office mail -
-on the sixth day from starting, which gives a
speed of 81 miles per hour. During the Affghan
campaign it was not performed under ten days, so
that the improvement has been very considerable
of late years. Mr. Thornton, who is at the
head of the Statistical Department of the India
House computes the annual expenditure on
the roads, canals, embankments, and bridges,
taking the last fifteen years preceding the
year 1853, at 240,0001. for the first tea
years, and at 400,0001. for the last five
years. An outlay of 1,500,0001. was authorised on
the Ganges Canal, and 500,0001. for that of the
Punjaub.
After long resistance from the Company railway's -
have been introduced into India, but tho lines, or
portions of lines, yet completed, are very trifling
compared to the extent of the territory. Lord
Dalhousie recommended the immediate establish-
ment of a line from Calcutta to Peshawur, and
proposed to connect that with a line either from
Bombay to Agra or from Bombay through the
valley of Berar to Allahabad; another line travers-
ing the country trom Madras to Poonauy, and
one from Madras to Bellary and Bombay. A '
system of electric tAegraphs, connecting the
three presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and
Bombay with each other, and with Agra, Lahore,
and SiMIP has been completed at a cost of 351. per
mile, or a total of 110,250/. for a distance of 3,150
miles. The Company are also entitled to credit for .
deepening, within the last ten years, the " Piallll-
- Passage," between the island of Ceylon and
the continent of India. Large ships, which forme, ly
were ()aged to sail round the island, now safely
pass throu;li this improved channel. Tee Indian
Government is also entitled to praise for the trigo-
nometrical survey of the country, an arc of the
meridian having been measured from Cape Comurin
to the base of the Himalayas—about 1,100 miles;
that forms a starting point for triangulating the
whole country, and delineating its topography and
geography. the great atlas of India is upon a scale
of four miles to an inch. The survey of the north-
west provinces was completed in 1842; and, with
the settlement, cost 337,000/. Every field has been
measured, and mere ate thirty-one provinces in
the north-welt.
Such is a -Jubstantial account of what the Com.
piny have done to promote the material interests of
India during the last few years of their dominion ;
but we fear it is true that even this small activity was
involuntary, and forced upon them by the remon-
strances of public opinion. They have long known
that India never could become an exporting country
without a complete network of railways, as the cost
of transporting commodities over earth roads,
on the backs of bullocks for long distances, de-
stroyed all profit, and thus indirectly arrested pro-
duction. The stagnation of business has of course
tied down the labourer to the lowest level of sub-
sistence while surrounded by all the raw materials
of wealth, he has lived and died a pauper because
these have never been developed. We have suf-
fered the cultivator to pine in indigence, while we •
have pampered the Bengal sepoy taken from the
class of cultivators. While the Indian Government
has been pressed down, by growing indebtedness,
and an annually deficient revenue, it has wilfully
neglected the most obvious means of extricating
itself from difficulties by discouraging an industry
which alone could recruit their exhausted treasury.
We willingly give them credit for all that they have
recently attempted or achieved ' • but there is no
is measuresp regna mustaw with
OICUEO for a century of inertness.
quelled,ie When the mutiny
introduced,otfhoerrtmheenoaland otherroutine
disaster. Let us at least be wise enough to profit
by the lessons of experience.

The President of the India Board (the Right Hon. R.
Vernon SmitL) has conferred a cadetship in the East
India Company's service on the son of Sir H. Wheeler,
K.C.8., who was murdered at Cawnpore ; and on the
D-1
sAr lcann, ofon Man.su
n.
son of Major Burton, who was murdered at Kotab.
ch[eAstbe\i-.F.R.: mill bE:
pz
eCnot
el odu
Grerad
Sun-
day next, Dec.l 27th, A truly beautiful-Coloured double
t3fisaPwsitGhrathties.
Map of Asia will also be given on Sunday, Jan. 3d. And a
coloured Map will be issued every week Gratis with each copy
of the DISPATCH, to form the most perfect and useful Atlas
ever published. The Back Numbers of the Atlas are kept
constantly on sale, so that the work may be made complete
from the commencement at any time, and at the perfect
convenience of the purchaser. Any Map of the Series may
be had with the Newspaper of the current week, or with
any copy not out of print. The price of the DISPATCS
is—unstamped, sd. ; stamped (to go free by post), 6d.
The Friday Evening Edition may be received in the most
distant parts of the kingdom on Saturday morning. Port-
folios, with spring-clipped backs, are now ready, price
3s. lid., 45., and upwards. Orders received by all News
Agents, and at the Wilco, 139, Fleot-etreeta Louden.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 23, 1857.

A telegram has just been received of the most
satisfactory description. It brings intelligence
from Bombay to the 4th instant, giving us
the pleasing intelligence of the relief of
Lucknow and the rescue of its gallant garrison,
and of the helpless fugitives whom they so nobly
protected against their treacherous assailants.
We heard by the last mail that Sir COLIN
Calussia, had rrived at Cawnpore on the 2d
November, and: he had crossed the Ganges
en route for the scene of action. We now
learn that he joined the forca at Alum bagh
On the 21st—manifestly a mistake for the
That on the 23d (13th) active operations com-
menced, and that for the next six days there was
a constant series of severe and bloody struggles
with the enemy ; and on the 21st their principal
strongholds were being captured, THE BELEAGUERED
GARRISON WERE RELIEVED, and ON THE 20th THE

SICK AND WOUNDED LADTES AND CHILDREN WERE

SENT BACK UNDER AN ESCORT TO CAWNPORE.

These are, indeed, glad tidings. A weight will
be removed from the public mind. Intense
anxiety was felt for HAVELOCK and his gallant
companions, but even more for the fugitives.
The latter are now in safdty-, and the former,
relieved from their interesting charge, can take
care of themselves. What more etn we desire f

Sir CoLur was in command of 22,000 men.
With such a following. he can render a good
account of the rebels. In fact there is no possible
force that could resist him.. Of cours, it will
take time, but we can now patiently abide the
certain result, The fugitives being safe, wehave
nothing else to trouble the public mind.
In addition, we hear that the Male a hell force,
tinder BrigadierSTuAßT, has relieved Nus3cerabad,
dispersed the Efriahibpore and Mundesore rebels,
lila is now clearing Malwa of the insurgents.
?,111k!- c)bamns under Brigadier Ssoweas,
Oust Co:no; and Colonel TIDDEL are scour•
lag
, complete success attending their
operations every where. Lirge masses of
European troops are reaching India weekly, and
we an (relieved?) from ea alarm for our varrf-
aOns and outposts lately in e.,
imminent peril.
On the whole it is the beat despatch that has
been received since the c.)in9l3acsmant of the
mutiny, and it will rjlieve many anxious ho,rts,
anti enable them to et, j.)y their Christmas featiti-
ties without allay or drawback.

A very severe onslaught is contempl.ttod on the
Joint-stock banking system. All the calamities
Which the Ration has recently sustained, and is
still sustaining, are unhesitatingly ascribed to the
facilities afforded by those institutions to reckless
traders, and their allowing interest fur money
placed at call in their hands. Phis is particu-
larly objectionable to certain "hard calculating
bankers," who find that depositors prefer receiv-;
ing fair remuneration for the use of their money,