The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVEl•iiticir, SEPTEMBER 2, 1861

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY. Morning, h. m.—Afternoon, 12h. Gm,
To-monitow.-Morning, 12h. 34m.—Afternoon, 12h. 58m,

magnificent project certainly—if only it eould be
carried out. To prevent if possible the mere at-
tempt at it President LINCOLN was directing the
energies of his Government at length coute qui coute
no matter at what sacrifice, with a proper supply
of arms and uniforms, or without, to the gathering
together, with all convenient speed, of as oveni helm-
ing a mass as could be concentrated at so very abrupt
a summons within the lines of defence around Wash-
ington.

It may still be doubted, of course, whether the
South can be seriously prepared for adventuring
upon any enterprise so astoundingly rash, and that—
unless at the very first rush triumphantly success-
ful—would be almost certain to prove to the assail-
ants so entirely and irretrievably ruinous. Still,
without a doubt, the very first necessity to be
urged upon the attention of the Government at
Washington is the defence, and that at every cost,
of Washington. Hence, in effect—from-his instant
appreciation of this—President LINCOLN'S one
vigorous act of late, his urgent summons to the
Volunteers:

If only we could believe that an intimation con-
tained in the Washington .National Republican
might be regarded as one of those significant signs
of the times, indicating the dawn of wisdom upon
the councils of the Government!! According to the
advices now brought to England by the Europa,
the journal just mentioned, the National Republican
issued at Washington threatens— What is it
that it threatens ? What but that very Beware !
that might long ago have been held up in terrorenz
over all the eleven slave States of the insur-
gent South. It thereatens the slaveholders
of Lower Maryland with forcible emancipation
if they do not remain loyal to the Union. Why
that, in simplest truth, is yet the strength of the
North, if they would but use it. :That, and certainly
nothing less than that, that we can see, would at
once give the army of the North something to fight
for that would be really worth fighting for. Until
some such determined course be seriously adven-
tured upon, we cannot for the life of us see what
high motive there is to nerve the arm of
a single soldier fighting under the Federal
Banner, To talk of the battle now
raging between the Federates and the Con-
federates, being a battle on the one side for on the
other hand against the Constitution is the wildest
folly well imaginable. Why the Constitution, for
as much as it was worth, is by this time as certainly
a thing of the past for America and her citizens as
for ourselves are the Heptarchy and the* Witten-
agemote. European diplomatists might just as
well nowadays with an eye let us say upon
Italy babble about the Treaty of Vienna.
The Constitution of the American Republic
is by this time not so much breaking up as it is
already broken up. Humpty-dumpty has had a fall,
there, more irreparable than that endured by the
Portland Vase when it was dashed off its pedestal
in the British Museum by a stone hurled by the
hand of either a maniac or a scoundrel. Not all the
President's horses, nor all the President's men can
set that Humpty-dumpty over on the other side of
the Atlantic up again just as it was first set up
even now less than a century ago) by the aid of
General WASHINGTON and others. Whenever it
may be patched together again it will at any rate
have to be placed upon an entirely now basis. The
old foundation is clean gone. There is not a possi-
bility of its being ever restored. It is the veriest
folly to dream of it. Instead of dreaming about it,
instead of talking about it, to no purpose whatever,
let the North bethink itself betimes of the magical
effect that would start at once to view, that would
alter the whole prospects of the War in the
twinkling of an eye—if but one particular battle-
cry were raised upon their side, if but one terse
announcement were inscribed upon their standard !
Is it not instantly conceivable what that battle cry
and inscription would be, viewing the situation of
things now in America through that little casual
hint thrown out by the National Republican at
Washington? Might not the threat there spoken
of, as held out against the slaveholders of Lower
Maryland be capable of being actually carried
out in an actual policy, and of being
epitomised into a simple and very deliberate
announcement. Then, at last, wouldfthe Northerns
have really something not only worth fighting for,
but something in the cause of which they could

draw their swords with a will before ad.

vancing at the pas de charge upon the Southern
enemy. President LINCOLN might thus, as it were
almost by the utterance of a single word, " Cry
havoc, and let slip the dogs of war," both before
and behind the Confederate army now seriously
threatening to imperil the safety of the capital.

The last pamphlet has spoken ; so, at least, we
may surely hope. No one, indeed, would venture
to predict what the Emperor of the FRENCH will
do ; but we may with certainty believe that he does
not wish to make himself ridiculous, and if he now
delay for any long period the settlement of the
Roman difficulty he must appear so. Probably
he may not disavow the pamphlet at all; but even if
he did, he would still have the credit of its authorship,
and the repudiation would be held to be merely
diplomatic. He wished the pamphlet to appear at
least. That, in some way best known to himself, he
inspired the whole is not doubted; that he shaped
many sentences, perhaps paragraphs, may be
reasonably believed. After this is there to be
another long period of paltering with the claims of
the Romans and of Italy ? We do not like to be-
lieve it. The urgency of the present state of things
is indeed great ; and, as at Gaeta, a procrastinating
policy would be answerable for a world of atrocities
and civil disorders.

It is remarkable that the publication of the
pamphlet should follow so quickly the sending of
the circular by RICASOLI to the European Courts.
The Baron described at length the real character
of the Neapolitan brigands. He showed that they
were really of that character so far as the indivi-
duals were concerned ; that, though composed for
the most part of the hundred thousand disbanded
Neapolitan soldiers who were too lazy to settle
down to work, they had no political zeal of any
kind. From habit, they sometimes hoist the BOUR-
BON colours ; but they never form an army, never
attack even third-rate towns, but confine themselves
to plundering villages and very small towns, and
doing all the public mischief they can. But the
gravamen of the Baron's complaint is the villany of
Rome. He asserts officially that the Papal Govern-
ment connives at and aids all this mischief. That
it tolerates the presence of the dethroned King of
NAPLES, and he is aided and encouraged by the
Papal Government. These cruel disturbers have
depots within the Papal territory, and the brigands
are invited publicly to enrol their names at Rome
as a work of religious merit. The Baron rightly
appeals against any condemnation of the King of
ITALY'S Government for the disorders which now
exist, not only to the notorious facts just adverted
to, but to the disturbances which have always
followed all great changes of government. England,
France, and Spain have all furnished examples of
the difficulty of suppressing speedily the uprisings
of the vanquished party. None, however, of the
other cases can be compared with that of Rome

and Italy in regard to the spirit which prompts,
and the atrocities which mark, the outrages.

What the Baron lays down constitutes the strong
point in the Imperial pamphlet. It is asserted
that the reaction wishes to make another Vendee
or Coblentz of Rome—that the Pontifical authorities
even glory in it, and that all is done under the sha-
dow of the French flag. That the Pontifical Govern-
ment even went so far as to arm Neapolitan troops
with 30,000 stand of arms, which were taken from
the fugitive Neapolitans by the French and confided
to its care. Moreover, it makes common cause
with the Monarch whose expulsion France and
England have accepted as a recognised fact. All this
is, of course, entirely due to the presence of French
troops in Rome. But for them the Roman Government
and the dethroned King would vanish from Italian
soil, and the Neapolitan disturbances would cease
at once. Our pamphlet denies that France can
longer continue her support, when it makes her
responsible for such consequences.
The pamphlet clearly discusses the general aspects
of the question. It assumes the principle of na•
tionality as a settled one. No person will now
contest it. It is one of the corner stones of the
new public law of Europe. The Confederation was
never put forward as a principle, but an expedient
merely, and the plebiscites have legally done away
with it. The fear of a strong Italy is the tradi-
tion of bygone times, to France now it would
be a subject of lawful pride. Rome is now the
first thing wanted to complete Italian nationality.
Venetia is to come afterwards, it is almost
hinted as Belgium is to come to France—of course
natural boundaries must be completed. Italy has a
right to her capital. There is no nationality with•
out unity, no unity without a capital.
Such are some of the relative aspects of the case ;
but the Roman Government itself is attacked, and
not only that but the very principle of the temporal
Government of the POPE is roughly and mercilessly
handled. It is declared to be a scandal that a
Power—especially one professing to be a half sacred
Power, and to speak in the name of GOD—
should say " this people is mine—it is my pro-
perty." The lease from GOD of this power is
demanded. It is represented as opposed to the great
principles of civilization, and to the " word of
CHRIST" himself. As to the necessity of temporal
dominion to independence, very short work is made
of that. "To the objection that the Pope cannot be
independent without a kingdom the reply is, that
thus the bishops and priests could not be so without
church property, which is in contradiction to the
principles of 1789. If it were admitted that Rome
and the Pontifical States were necessary for the
independence of the PoPE, it would be necessary to
restore to him all that has been taken away. Who
will do it? France and England have recognised
Italy—it is a fait accompli. Bat, if they are already
so much diminished, why could not they be more
so ? If the extent of the POPE'S power is to be
measured by his possessions it would be necessary
to extend them to the extremities of the earth.
His temporal power may have an end as it had a
' beginning. It is not of Divine origin. JESUS said
to the Apostles Go and teach,' and not Go and

conquer."
In fine, the POPE is expected to " make hay while
the sun shines." He is charged with standing out
for unrelson able pretensions, while it is asserted that
the Italians have been, on their side, ready to do all
they can in the shape of giving guarantees for the
POPE'S independence. If, therefore, he be longer
obstinate, the day of reckoning is at hand. The
will of the people will be ascertained under
the superintendence of the French troops, and if
the people ask the Italians to take their
place, the French troops will march out,
and the Italian troops will march in, and thus
will pass away for ever the temporal power of
the Popes. VICTOR EMMANUEL Will reign in
Rome, and Pius IX. will be left to reign
spiritually over Roman Catholics in all parts of
the world, The worst great European Question
will then have received its solution, to the no
small advantage doubtless_ of the Papacy as a
spiritual institution. It will probably be a prece-
dent for the settlement of many other questions.
Venetia, Hungary, Poland, are all, like Rome,
questions of the rights of nationalities.

Well—Mr. HUBBARD'S Committee of Inquiry into
the present mode of assessing and collecting the
Income Tax has duly sat, has duly examined its
witnesses, has duly deliberated upon the whole pro-
blem submitted to its conscientious and impartial
consideration. The report of this committee has at
length been issued. Although dated now more than
a whole calendar month ago, namely, on the Ist
ultimo, this long-looked for and (by some few at least
it may have been) eagerly looked for, Report only
made its appearance on Saturday morning. It
occupies less than half a column of newspaper print.
It runs only to the length of four brief paragraphs.
Anybody, who cares to do so. can read it in five
minutes. And yet it is really—after all—hardly
worth the reading. For, in point of fact, Mr.
HUBBARD'S Committee (no fault this, observe, of
Mr. HUBBARD !) has laboured more ineffectual even
than the old parturient mountain that we all wot of !
It has brought forth even less than the ridiculous
mouse : for it has actually (not, however, without
making a great fuss about it at the time) brought
forth—nothing ! Sweeping aside the first of the
three paragraphs as just simply so much superfluous
rigmarole by way of a preamble, and coming at
once directly to the point, we read in the course of
the fourth and concluding paragraph of this truly
inestimable report (for the intrinsic value of it is
absolutely beyond the reach of our computa-
tion) we read, we say, in the fourth para-
graph the following amazing and portentous
words :—" Your committee, however, after full
eonsideration [as FREDERICK FAIRLIE, Esquire,
would here interject, " Most wonderful !"] after full
consideration, have arrived at the conclusion that
the plan proposed by their chairman does not afford
a basis for a practicable and equitable readjustment
of the income-tax, and they feel so strongly
the dangers and ill consequences to be appre-
hended from an attempt to unsettle the present
basis of the tax, without a clear perception of
the mode in which it is to be reconstructed,
that they are not prepared to offer to your
honourable house any suggestions for its
amendments." And it is for this, that " your Com-
mittee" has been meeting, and questioning, and
deliberating at we don't know how many sittings !
It is for this that they report themselves so very
explicitly to" your honourable House !" Really—
they might have saved themselves the trouble. So
far as having not even the fag end of a story to
tell they are about as hard up as the lute
Mr. CANNING'S knife-grinder. Remembering
now what has been done and said—no, we
ought rather to write it, what has not been done,
what has not been said by "Your Committee," that
is, by poor Mr. HUBBARD'S well-intentioned, but
utterly futile Committee upon the Income-Tax,
we have positively nothing for it but to call in aid
once more of another of Mr. FAIRLIE'S ejaculations.
Exclaiming as we dismiss this Committee at the
close of its Report—" So kind."

Lord Clyde will b© accompanied on his military
mission to Prussia by Major-General Eyre, commanding at
Chatham; and Lord Dangan, Coldstream Guards, and Mr.
liozier, Scots Greys, will be attached to his staff.

PRINCE ALBERT (5. PRINCE ALFRED

A 7 CARIVA_RVON.

His Royal Highness Prince Albert and Prince
Alfred, accompanied by Earl Granville and the Hon.
Colonel Phipps, arrived unexpectedly at Carnarvon
from Holyhead by a special train about 1 o'clock
on Friday last. The royal party paid a short visit
to the venerable Castle, in which the first Prince of
Wales was born, and then passed on to the Bedd-
gelert, returning at 5 15. Owing to the hurried
nature of the visit, the authorities were not made
aoquainted with the first arrival of the party, but
upon their return from Beddgelert they were re-
ceived at the station by the mayor of the borough,
Mr. Llewelyn Turner, who was introduced to the
Prince by Colonel Phipps. The mayor expressed
regret that he had not been aware of the royal visit
in time to receive their Royal Highnesses and to
show them the castle, explaining that he was out
yachting with Colonel Sir John Jones, and arrived
ashore too late. Prince Albert said the mayor was
free from all blame, as the visit was so hurried that
it was hardly to be expected that any preparation
should have been made. The mayor, who is also
the commodore of the Royal Welsh Yacht Club,
then described to his Royal Highness the principal
features of the race for the cup presented by his
Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, which was
won by-the Cecilia yacht on the pievious day.

THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND.

ABERDEEN, SEPT. 1.

Her Majesty arrived at Aberdeen at 11.13 on Saturday
forenoon, the only stay of any length after leaving Holyhead
being at Perth, where the Royal Party breakfasted. In
waiting at Aberdeen.were the Lord Provost of the city and
the Conienor of the county, with the latter of whom it
may be remembered the Prince Consort resided at Ban-
chory-honse when he visited Aberdeen as President of the
British, Asscciation.
After a brief stoppage, her Majesty started by the Dee-
side Railway for Aboyne, which should have been reached
in little ovei an hour; but, from an awkward failure of
steam qewor in the engines, an annoying delay of forty
minutes occurred on this short but usually well-managed
line. From Aboyne, where the Queen was received by the
Marquis of Huntly, Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire,
the remainder of the Highland journey was posted, and
Balmoral Castle reached at a quarter past 3 in the after-
noon.

Her Majesty seemed in excellent health and spirits, fre-
quently acknowledging the warm reception of the spectators
along the route.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1862.—Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners have received a communication from
M. Meyerbeer, stating that, in compliance with their re-
request, he will compose a march for the opening cere-
mony.

Lord Palmerston has returned to Walmer Castle.
Earl Russell has arrived at Abergeldie. Mr. M. Gibson
is staying in Scotland, where also Sir C. Wood is expected
to arrive. The other members of the Cabinet are also out
of town, but Lord Granville is expected to arrive in the me-
tropolis from Ireland.

SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO LADY MILDMAY.—We
regret to say that a sad accident has been sustainedby Lady
Mildmay, who, with Sir Renry, has been temporarily re-
siding at Heckfield, Hants, the mansion at Dogmersfield
being in course of rebuildiag. Her ladyship, it seems, en-
tered the stables on Tuesday last, thinking Sir Henry had
gone thither, and it is supposed that a portion of her dress
touched one of the horses, which kicked violently,
and, most unfortunately, broke her ladyship's jaw, and also
inflicted other serious injuries. Assistance was instantly
rendered by Sir H. Mildmay, and also by the groom, but
they were likewise knocked down by the animal. They,
however, escaped with cemparatively trifling injuries.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.--It appears
that English opera is not be confined alone to Covent-
garden this year. A season is, we hear, to commence
shortly at Drury-lane. Some of our leading artistes, with
a large band and chorus, under the direction of Dr. James
Pech, have already been engaged.
ANOTHER TRAMWAY ACCIDENT. Yesterday
afternoon, between 4 and 5 o'clock, as one of the large
tramway carriages, heavily laden with passengers, was on
its way from Westminster-bridge to Kennington-park, and
nearly opposite the Female Orphan Asylum, a lad about 13
neared the side of the carriage and unfortunately fell down
on the rail. In an instant the hind wheel passed over one
of his legs. No person knew the unfortunate lad, but he
was conveyed immediately in a cab to the hospital. There
appeared to be no blame attributable to those in charge of
the tram carriage, and it is probable that, unless the police
interfere, curiosity will cause many other accidents of a like
nature.

THE LATE BOAT ACCIDENT.—None of the bodies
of the unfortunate gentlemen who were drowned between
Flamborough and Scarborough, on the 10th ingt., "lava yet
been found, although frequent efforts have been made.
Rewards are offered ; and it is said that in ono case con-
siderable inducements have been held out for a vigilant
search for the body of a young gentleman whose identifica-
tion is necessary for the legal settlement of his affairs.—
Yorkehire Gazette.

Her Majesty's Government has determined to
make an important increase in the strength of our military
force in North America, and three regiments of infantry
are about to be placed under immediate orders for Canada.
They will probably embark in the Great Eastern before the
midile of next month. Owing to the absence of his Royal
Highness the General Commanding-in• Chief, no selection
of the regiments for this duty can be made for a few days.
It is very likely, however, that three old and thoroughly
efficient battalions, the Ist Battalion of the Rifle Brigade,
the Ist Battalions of the 15th and the 96th Regiments, all
at present at the Curragh, will be chosen. Probably one
of the new regiments, now scarcely inferior to any in the
service, will be told off for Canada, as the 4th Battalion of
the 60th Rifles was when the first addition to our exceed-
ingly small force in the colony was made some two months
since. Whatever may be the effect in some quarters of the
announcement we now make, we have little doubt that the
public generally will recognise this step as an act of wise
precaution on the part of those responsible for the dignity
and integrity of the empire.—Xrmy and .havy Gazette.
DEATH OF AN ENGLISH TRAVELLER IN RUSSIA—
We have heard with regret of the death of the enterprising
traveller in the Russian territories in Asia, Thomas Witlam
Atkinson, who has a claim to notice in these pages, as for-
merly an architect, and oue whose influence shold be cre-
dited with the first initiative of the architectural taste for
which the town of Manchester has since become remark-
able. The story of Atkinson's life will probably never be
precisely told ; the little that has appeared in print is incom-
plete or inaccurate; but could the biography be written, it
would be found one of the most curious and thought-sug-
gesting. Our first traces of Atkinson point to a very humble
origin. He appears to have been either an ordinary mason,
or a carver, employed on the churches of the north, such as
those which William Goodwin designed. Though not pre-
viously remarkable for the constitutional and mental gifts
which are demanded of a traveller, Atkinson displayed in
the course of his wanderings great power of endurance,
and much address ; so that his works have added important
particulars to the knowledge of Russia in Asia, including
the river Amoor and the confines of Chinese Tartary. The
distances which he occasionally traversed in a single day,
across the steppe where delay was death, or by the Asiatic
method of leading the relays of horses, and changing from
one to another, were extraordinary ; and during the whole
of his travels he seems to have never lost a chance of record-
ing what he saw with pencil, colours, and note-book. He
must have left, somewhere, an amount of materials even
much beyond what would be supposed from the illustrated
volumes which have seen published. No Englishman was
better acquainted than he was with the fact of the progress
made by the Russians in the direction of India or more
competent to give an opinion on questions which have been
much discussed connected with that subject. He died on
the 13th of August at Lower Walmer, in Kent, aged 62.
Builder.

THE BEST WESTERLY STEAM NAVIGATION STA-
TION.—We have endeavoured to show that if a direct
communication with America be wanted in Ireland Cork
is the safe and proper station, but for general purposes
mw
nhuasv ef
oornwt
ecrolays ts
toefa
inG r enuatv
ißg
ar itti ao inn
itnh e3rvi
lry fo
rfid finest v teenr:
which combines all advantages. No harbour in Europe or
in the world can be eompared with it in all the varied
requirements of the great depot of a vast system of steam
navigation. It has a capacity equal to the perfectly se-
cure anchorage of the whole fleets of England. It is easy
of approach at all seasons of the year, and all conditions of
weather, by a great highway of far-extending and well-de-
fined soundings. It lies at the pit's mouth of the very best
and cheapest steaming coal in the world, and is contiguous
to great sources of iron supply and vast melting establish-
ments. It is on the unexposed side of the kingdom, mili-
tarily considered, and otherwise singularly easy of formid-
able defence. It contains quarries of noble stone for the
formation of wet and dry docks, already extensively hol-
lowed out by nature. It is within 150 miles of the extreme
western limits of this kingdom, and is placed by railwithin
easy distance of the centre of the empire. In short, it wants
no single convenience for this purpose of a great steam
depot that nature could furnish. The time cannot be dis-
tant when its great advantages will be recognised. For our
own part we see many weighty reasons for the hope that it
may become the chief port of naval construction in the
kingdom, and that all tae ports on the south shores should
gradually and not very slowly be converted into arsenals of
refitment and issue of stores for immediate service. When
a first-rate naval and ccmmercial Power can save only the
fraction of a farthing per ton in its enormous consumption
of fuel for navigation purposes; the reduction of expense
would, of course, be very large ; but when the saving
amounts to the fraction of a pound sterling (as it would do
in the case of fuel shipped at Milford), the economy would
be immence indeed.—Examiner.

1•t.
't

L4lrf E T

The Patrie of this evening publishes a despatch
dated Rome, 30th August, announcing that tran-
quillity continued to prevail there, and that the
relations of the French with the Papal authorities
were satisfactory.
The Pays says:—" The deputies sent from Fin-
land to Stockholm, to demand its separation from
Russia, have been arrested by the Russian autho-
rities on a charge of treason."

TURIN, SEPT. 2.

It is rumoured that Signor C. Bianchi has been
appointed Secretary-General of the Interior in the
place of Signor Borromeo.
General Cugia has resigned.

TURIN, SEPT. 1.

The nomination of General Della Rovere to the
office of Minister of War appears to have been de-
finitively determined on.

The Opinione of to-day says Baron Ricasoli is
entrusted with the portfolio of the Interior, retain-
ing ad interim that for Foreign Affairs.
Signor Borromeo, Secretary General to the
Ministry of the Interior, has resigned.
News has been received here from Naples an-
nouncing that the brigands had been beaten and
dispersed at several points, and that their nuni
bers were sensibly diminishing. There was every
reason to hope that brigandage would be shortly
repressed.

Signor Minghetti has tendered his resignation,
which has not yet been accepted.
M, Benedetti, the new French Minister Pleni-
potentiary, has been formally received in audience
by the King.

BERNE, AUG. 31.

The Fedei al Council has received a note from the
French Government, stating that it considers the
scandalous affair which took place on the frontier
of the canton of Geneva, on the 25th instant, as a
violation of French territory. The note of the
French Government demands satisfaction on this
account, and an indemnity to be paid to those
wounded and arrested on the occasion.

MADRID, SEPT. 1.

General Marchesi has been sent to Biarritz to
compliment the Emperor in the name of Queen
Isabella.

President Geffrard, of Hayti, has paid the in.
dembity demanded by Spain.

MONDAY MORNING, SEPT. 2.

The Pera, from Southampton, on the 20th,
reached Malta at noon on the 29th nit., and left at
10 p.m. for Alexandria.
The Massilia, from Marseilles on the 28th, arrived
at Malta at midnight on the 30th, and left at 6 the
the next morning for Alexandria.