The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-25 00:00:00

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

PLYMOUTH, FRIDAY, 10.30 A M.
The Union Royal Mail steamship Cambrian,
Commander W. Huett, has arrived.
She left the Cape December 22, St. Helena
December 31, and Ascension January 4.

Governor Grey was on his way to the frontiers
to readjust matters in British Kaffraria.
The political question which excited the greatest
attention was the scheme of separation, with sepa-
rate colony, urged by many eastern districts.
The vine disease had again appeared, and great
loss was Anticipated in consequence.
The market was depressed.

The Pioneer, one of the vessels belonging to
Dr. Livingstone's expedition, was in Simon's Bay,
and was to leave shortly.

The Thames, sailiog vessel, has also arrived from
the Cape, after a passage of 52 days to the Downs.
On her voyage home, on the 15th January, she
passed a vessel, the Riverdale, of Hull, from New
York, with a cargo of timber, abandoned and
waterlogged, in lat. 43N., long. 29 7 W.
Three of her boats were gone; the crew, it is
supposed, haying taken to them on discovering the
helpless state of the ship.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

- _
MANIFESTO OF THE EMPEROR.

The following is the text of the imperial mani-
festo which the Emperor of Austria has just ad-
dressed to the comitats and municipal bodies in
Hungary :

When, 12 years ago, we resumed the government of the
monarchy a disastrous civil war was raging in the interior
of our empire ; almost every state, society itself, was shaken
to its foundations. The passion, the blindness, the errors
of many honest and well-intentioned men—the terrorism of
the evil disposed—a series of diverse and unhappy circum-
stances, led to a solution by the sword. It was our will
that this solution should not form the permanent basis of
our political institutions. We did not wish to, and we
could not abandon the interests of our monarchy, which
had been defended and made secure by so many painful
sacrifices; nevertheless, as to their definitive organisation,
we have had above all the desire to re-establish, as
promptly and completely as possible, the political institu-
tions of this kingdom, rooted in the nation, to which
they are so dear ; and we found therein, at the same time,
for all our other peoples a guarantee for the pre-
paration and the establishment of the constitutional regime.
It was in order to accomplish this work, that we published
our diploma of the 20th of October. But peace, the compro-
mise itself, and reconciliation, demanded in return some
good will and a sincere concurrence, without arriere pensee
and without passionate excitement.
We have well considered and recognised the scruples
which are opposed to the partial re-establishment of the
Hungarian constitution before the definitive regulation of
the whole political organisation. However, those scruples
have not prevented us from effecting this regeneration, espe-
cially in the domain of municipal action ; and we were per-
suaded that confidence begets confidence, and that a frank
and loyal initiative would ever find just appreciation, real
agreement, and sincere assistance amongst a noble people,
politically mature. Our expectation has not been completely
realised.

We observe with calmness and indulgence the first
impulses of political life, and attributed them to the agi-
tated current of the time, suppressed passions, and the
effervescence of long-suppressed political activity. Now,
however, that some comitats profit by the election of com-
mittees to admit amongst them individuals who aro the
irreconcileable enemies of our monarchy and of our sove-
reign rights ; who, allying themselves to foreign enemies
threaten the repose of our country by perfidious conspira-
cies and insolent appeals; now that they seek to make use
of the divergence of views relative to the approaching set-
lement of the question of imposts, in the sense of a refusal
which dries up the natural resources of the State, troubles
men's minds, and forced the situation in a direction which
its bypocriticaland frivolous advocates ought themselves to
consider intolerable; now that it is sought to cast aside
with feverish impatience the temporary measures indispen-
sable to the maintenance of private rights ; that under the
pretext of maintaining public order, certain committees
re• establish and arm the National Guard, which is a new
expense to the people ; remove, in making the appoint-
ments of the functionaries of the comitats, our authorities,
and do not hesitate to forget their duty and exceed their
legal province. to confiscate to their profit as independent
bodies almost all the authority of the State ; now, we say,
it is an imperative duty upon us to put a barrier to these
criminal encroachments, and not to suffer constitutional
liberty to be so abused as to overturn public order by
revolution. The faith of our peoples in the sincerity of our
intentions to bring back the constitutional system, will be
upset if we tolerate much longer the anarchical tendencies,
the development of which has always caused the ruin of
legitimate liberty.

We hold ourselves unchangeably to our resolutions of
the 20th of October, and we shall preserve to our peoples
the constitutional development which we have guaranteed,
and maintain all that wo have promised to our kingdom of
Hungary. But our resolve is not the less firm to oppose
revolution with all our strength, whether it present itself
with an open front, or hide under legal forms ; and our
efforts, we are convinced, will find support in the true pa-
triotism of all good citizens ; they will not suffer obstacles,
provoked by the egotism or passions of certain men, to close
the path of peaceful arrangements; they will exert them-
selves to prevent authority from being reduced, in the
accomplishment of its most sacred duties, to its material
force, at a moment in which the latter ought only to serve
as an assistance to moral power,

In bringing our intentions and warnings to the knowledge
of all the comitats of our kingdom of Hungary, we recall
the Article 3 of the year 1790, the provisions of which, with
regard to our coronation, we expect shortly to fulfil, but
the other provisions of which establish equally the duties
of subjects up to thittime of the coronation, and we strictly
ordain—

1. That everywhere, where they have the audacity to
choose as members of the commissions of comitats men con-
demned as traitors to their country, and who, living abroad,
ally themselves to the external enemies of the monarchy, in
order to weave criminal plots against us and the state—
those elections are null and void.

2. We decree, under severe penalties, that all attempts
having for their object to arrest directly or indirectly the
levying of direct or indirect taxes, or arbitrarily decreeing
new ones, be suppressed, that all decisions relative thereto
be immediately abrogated, and that the royal government
be immediately informed of the execution of this order.
3. Also we declare, until the deliberations of the Diet,
and eventually until the provisional measures which we
shall decree, upon the proposition of our judex
curia—
null and of no effect all resolutions suppressing the
judicial authorities which we have maintained tem-
porarily by our diploma of October 23, or which fetter
their action, and we severely enjoin upon the tribunals of
the country to maintain the laws and ordinances existing
in it, and the definitive reform of which cannot be validly
effected in the interest of the country and of private inte-
rests, but by the regular deliberations of the Diet; and not
by arbitrary decrees, plunging all public rights into hope-
less chaos.

4. Considering that we have reserved for the Diet of the
2d of April the confirmation, modification, or the abroga-
tion of the laws of 1847 and 1848, and their conformability
to our resolutions, and that the actual re-establishmentlof
the abovementioned laws connected with questions the
arbitrary and precipitate solution of which would compro-
mise all the historical iastitutions and the interests of Hun-
gary as well as those of other countries, which we must
watch over with equal solicitude ; considering, moreover,
that the decision upon questions which belong to the re-
establishment of the said laws is the object of a profound
examination which is not possible to private individuals or
to comitata—wo consequently interdict every attempt to
apply those laws in reality, and we order that any such
attempt be opposed by the most serious means.
If a resistance is manifested 1y the comitats to these
orders, the sittings of the commissions of the comitats will
be suspended, or those assemblies will be dissolved, and
the execution of our present commands will be, if neces-
sary, secured by the use of material fort*.
All these resolutions are dictated by the imperial solici-
tude for the general good of our peoples, and if our pater-
nal intentions are again imposed upon, or threatened by a
prolonged resistance, we shall recur without regret to those
rigorous measures which it has been our desire to avoid.
If in consequence the meeting of the Diet, which we greatly
desire, were delayed, and the solution, demanded not by
the interest of Huugary alone but by that of the• whole
monarchy, of the most urgent and important questions,
and of the re-establishment of the constitutional order of
things, was again indefinitely postponed, with tranquil
conscience we :throw the responsibility of the numerous
disadvantages which would result therefrom, upon those
who prevent by design or levity the work of peaceful ar-
rangement.

Deeply penetrated by the gravity of those measures, wo
fulfil the duty of protecting against new storms the country
which God and our hereditary right have confided to our
care, and relying upon the intelligence of true patriots, upon
our right, and upon the blessing of Heaven, we wait with
confidence the moment in which the crown of our glorious
ancestors will consecrate the success of our efforts for the
satisfaction and the pacification of the country.
(Signed) FRANCIS JOSEPH.
(Countersigned) BA RON NICHOLAS AT.
EDWARD ZSEDENYI.
Vienna, Jan. 16, 1861.

The Federal Council of Switzerland is stated to
have solicited the Belgian Government to bo allowed to send
to Antwerp some officers of Engineers to study the works
for the fortifications of that place which are now being con-
structed.

THE SIEGE OF GAETA.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)

TURIN, JAN. 22 (Evening.)

Agreeably to the latest information received from
the head-quarters of General Cialdini, General
Menabrea had, in consequence of instructions for-
warded by Count Cavour, been sent as a parlemen-
taire into the besieged place at the moment of the
expiration of the armistice, on the 19th. Offers
were made to Francis 11. of Bourbon that he should
leave the fortress with all the honours of war, both
for himself and all his troops ; that, as the French
fleet had already left the waters of Gaeta, two of
the Royal frigates, under the orders of Admiral
Persano, at the Bourbon's own choice, should
be ready to convey him, his family, and
all such people as he chose for his suite,
to any place he might wish to betake himself;
that all the native Neapolitan troops within the
fortress, men and officers, should be received in the
service of the Italian kingdom, each in his own
rank and standing, and with three months' pay by
way of indemnity; that Bavarian and other foreign
troops should be conveyed at the expense of the
Italian Government to the frontiers of their respec-
tive countries, where they would also receive three
months' pay. General Mcnabrea was further
instructed to receive and accept any counter propo-
sition which the ex-King might make, with the
only reservation of the sovereign rights of his
king, Victor Emmanuel, as established by the Ple-
biscite of the people of the Two Sicilies.
The ex-King, yielding to suggestions from the
foreign diplomatists still abiding with him, refused
to listen to these terms, or, indeed, even to receive
the messenger; whereupon Admiral Persano pro-
claimed the blockade of Gaeta, and the Spanish
fleet raised anchor, and left the bay.
General Cialdini has sent no further despatches,
probably because he waits till he can give the final
results of the bombardment, which had already
commenced.

THE FRENCR OCCUPATION OF ROME.

(From the Sieele.)

. Our fleet has left Gaeta, and French policy has re-entered
on the path it had too long abandoned through a feeling of
humanity and respect for royal misfortunes. At the pre-
sent hour hostilities are renewed with vigour. The issue
of this fratricidal struggle is not doubtful, but the respon-
sibility for the blood shed will recoil entirely on that unfor-
tunate young man—on that King, 20 years of age, who
has been appropriately called a bourgeois Charles IX. It
will recoil also on those partisans who, under pretext of
defending pretended rights, stimulate the worst passions,
and urge to the most fatal resistance.
It is quite necessary that it should be known that King
Francis 11. is defending behind the walls of Gaeta his per-
sonal interests only; he has no right, absolutely none : he
was the trustee of a people; he has himself abandoned his
trust : he is nothing more than a prince without a throne,
possessing all the rights that misfortune merits, and no
more. No royalist or clerical sophisms can prevail against
this truth, which is as clear as daylight. Let us wait for
events.

And now that the French Government, after having amply
accomplished the duties of humanity enjoined upon it, now
that it pays such striking homage to the policy of non-inter-
vention, which is its own, and which it has imposed on all,
what is it going to decide as to our occupation of Rome and
the territory of St. Peter ? There also, for eleven years, it
has been performing a duty of humanity, giving proof of
respectful sympathy for the spiritual head of the Catholic
religion. But will not the same motive that has led to the
abandonment of the waters of Gaeta by our fleet operate in
favour of the withdrawal of the division which we main-
tain in the Roman States. Logic has after all more power
than is commonly supposed. If the prolonged stay of our
fleet before Gaeta assumed in the eyes of Europe the cha-
racter of an intervention, is not the prolonged stay of our
troops around the Vatican awkwardly analogous ?
The protection which we have given to Francis 11., by
preventing all attack on Gaeta by sea, has resulted in dis-
turbing men's minds, throwing doubt on the intentions of
France, encouraging resistance, and causing insurrection.
In presence of these disorders the Government has calcu-
lated the extent of the evils of which it was the involuntary
cause, and has taken the wise part of leaving the Italians to
settle their own internal affairs. The protection we accord
to the temporal power of the Papacy has consequences still
more mischievous. We are positively intervening, at Rome ;
we are maintaining against the wish of the people that
justly detested power of the cardinals; we are depriving
Italy of its centre of action and unity—of its natural capital
—we are raising an obstacle to a work which we ourselves
have commenced, for which we have shed rivers of generous
blood. We are at Rome in contradiction to ourselves. Our
soldiers there are doing the business of Cardinal Antonelli
and the congregations—in short of Austria. Is this what
the French Government wished, and still wishes ? Cer-
tainly not.

It wished to give a pledge of devotion and respect to the
Holy See ; it has done all that was humanly possible to
preserve that dying power; it has spared neitherlbsago
counsel nor filial remonstrance. All has been useless. The
service rendered by France to the Government of the car-
dinals is only equalled by the monstrous ingratitude of the
latter. For 12 years we have sustained, sword in hand,
this decrepid temporal monarchy; for 12 years we have
suppressed all manifestations of the public spirit ; and yet
France is more attacked at this day by the councillors of
the Papacy than it was at any period of its history
It is time to put an end to such a false and dangerous
position. Since France, as the Ultramontanes say, repre-
sents the genius of evil—since she is the focus whence all
revolutions radiate, let the Holy See renounce her accursed
succour. Since Cardinal Antonelli so boldly asserts that
the people of the Roman States is passionately attached to
the clerical Government, we may withdraw our troops
without fear of the consequences. Let us first do our duty.
What is it ? We have promised not to intervene in Italy.
We have declared that we would oppose all intervention.
It is in obedience to this promise that our fleet has quitted
Gaeta. The same duty is incumbent on us in the case of
Rome ; the same line of conduct is clearly traced out for us.
France has behaved towards Rome since 1849 as the most
respectful and obedient son should behave to a mother.
But France is now called on to fulfil an earlier and a
higher duty, viz., to sacrifice private affection, even the
dearest, to the general welfare. What does the general
welfare dictate ? That Italy should be at peace. On what
condition..will she be at peace ? On condition that the ele-
ments of division and discord be removed, on condition that
Italians are free to accomplish their own unity. Was this
condition observed while we were protecting Francis 11. at
Gaeta, and, without intending it, fostering Bourbon in-
trigues and revolts ? Most decidedly not. Is this condition
observed as long as we are at Rome, as long as we encourage
clerical factions, as long as we deprive Italy of its natural
capital No I Humanity, sound policy, good sense, counsel
us, then, not to prolong our intervention at Rome. The
withdrawal of our troops would probably be the signal for
the departure of the government of the cardinals. So much
the worse for it. It ought to have made itself loved; why
has it made itself hated ? But religion, what will become of
her, if the Pope is deprived of his temporal power ? Oh, be
quite easy ; religion lived in power and honour for ten cen-
turies without royalty, without crown, army, or gendarmes;
she will not only survive, she will be more respected and
more loved than ever.
The greatest embarrassment of the present situation will
disappear on the day .when this duty
shall be
accom-
plished, and our troops shall embark at Civita Iree for
f
action, and on her true policy ;
France. France will then re-enter on her full freedom of
action, win inspire no more
unjust suspicions; she will no longer be exposed to covert
attacks, because she will be self-consisten.
French Government will without delay give public opinion
en . We trust the
the satisfaction it so ardently desires, and the peace of
Europe an essential guarantee, by firmly establishing the
unity of Italy around its centre and capital, Rome.

JERSEY AND GIIERNSEY.—The contractors for
the mail packets between Southampton and Jersey and
Guernsey having given notice of their intention to confine
the service, after the expiration of the present month, t
three days a week, according to the provisions of their con-
tract, the mails to and from the Channel Islands via South
arapton will, after the Slat instant, be reduced from four to
three days a week. These mails will be despatched from
London on the evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fri •
day, and will be received in London on the mornings of
Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. An auxiliary mail via
Weymouth will be forwarded from London on the evening
of Tuesday, and will ba received in London on the morning
of Friday,

SUN OFFICE, Seven o' eloch.

LONDON GAZETTE—(THIS EV.ENIN a).

FOREIGN-OFFICE, JAN. 17.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint George
Bourchier Ward, Esq., now our Vice-Consul Canceller, or
Registrar at Constantinople, to be her Majesty's Consul at
Lialatz.

DOWNING-STREET, JAN. 24.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Macnamara. Dix,
Esq., to be Treasurer for the Island of St. Lucia ; and John
Palmer,Esq., to be Treasurer for the Island of Dominica.

BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHACL, JAN. 22.
The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of
Privy Council for Trade hereby give notice that the
111onitcur of the 19th instant contains a French Imperial
Decree extending to goods subject to duties of 10 francs per
100 kilogrammes and upwards, the privilege of paying duty
on their net weight only, whioh privilege has hitherto been
confined to goods subject to duties of 40 francs per 100
kilogrammes and upwards.

WINDSOR CASTLE, lAN. 22.
This day had audience of her Majesty : General de Bonin,
on a special mission from the King of Prussia, to deliver a
letter announcing his Prussian Majesty's accession to the
throne ; and the Count de Bernstorff, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary from the King of Prussia, to
deliver his new credentials; to which audiences they were
respectively introduced by the Right Hon. Lord J. Russell,
her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.

BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, JAN. 25.
The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade have received from the Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's
Ambassador at Paris, enclosing a copy of a French Imperial
Decree, fixing the import duty upon gilt or silvered copper,
spun on thread or on silk, at 100 francs per 100 kilo-
grammes, including the additional dechne.