The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-09 00:00:00

Commence at 7 o'clock.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs), the extraor unary Violin Performances of the cele-
brated Infant DICLEPIERRE FAMILY, and the usual
Vocal Conceit.
Comic Vocalists -Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.
Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 9.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
70—highest since noon yesterday.
65—lowest this morning and during the night.
68—this day at noon.

-
BAROMETER-29.90.
WIND, W. ; light, with fine weather.

-
HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 12h. 4m.—Afternoon, 12h. 31m.
To-Moßaow-Morning, 12h. 15m.—Afternoon, lh. 11m.

this, to Flamborough. Mr. BRIGHT must really

think we have very short memories, or no memo-
ries
at all. Otherwise he would hardly, we should
conceive, select that particular place, that particu-
lar occasion, and that particular auditory, in
which, at which, and before which to talk thus
meally-mouthed about the sore need there is for
" greater purity of election" [0 ye gods and little
fishes!] Recommending so strenuously at the same
time " a wiser and more economical expenditure of

public money" judiciously avoiding, however,
any such advice in regard to the distribution of
private money, particularly in times of electioneer-
ing. Remembering what has so very recently been

brought to light by the sudden juxtaposition of

;he flint and steel of LEATHAM and Elections—this

really is, to our mind, about the coolest
thing well imaginable. Before Mr. BRIGHT
rose last evening to propose his amazing
resolution, another very important preliminary
resolution had been proposed and seconded, and
passed with acclamation. It ran as follows :
" That this meeting regards the election of Mr.

E. A. LEATHAM as a most valuable accession to the

ranks of the Liberal members of the Rouse of com-
mons ; recognises with satisfaction the accordance
of Mr. Leatham's political opinions with those of
the great majority of his constituents ; rejoices with

him on the successful termination of the arduous

conflict through which he has honourably and
triumphantly passed, and hereby assures him of its
confidence:and support." Why, this is just precisely
the sort of thing Mr. Tom TAYLOR puts into
the months of his Green Lions and his Blue Lambs
down at Flamborough. Mr. ROGERS as the tapster,
and Mr. BUCKSTONE as the butcher, have made us
familiar with them as household words. They are
precisely the sentiments expressed alternately (and
sometimes together) by fat Mr. BRAID between his
whiskers, and by that delightful little Mr.
CLARK, who enforces his sentiments by the

The only solution—the EMPEROR says so, to a
intents and purposes, as plainly as possible, in to-
day's Moniteur—the only solution of the Italian
Difficulty yet left is wAR ! So be it. Rathei that—
than any Peace that is nothing better than a cruel,
hollow, irritating mockery. The seed-germ of evil
in the precipitate and bewildering agreement entered
into at Villafranca has at length budded, and flowe red,
and borne fruit—that seed-germ being the reserva-
tion to Austria of Venetia! The retention of
Venetia by the House of Hapsburg—baulked the
realisation of the daydream of " Italy free from the
Alps to the Adriatic." So long as the abhorred
foreigners still held possession of Venice
and the Quadilateral, Italy could not be pro-
nounced Free from the Alps to the Adriatic.
The chains were struck off from her, it was
true, in Lombardy, by the sword of the conqueror
of Magenta and Solferino. But the accursed
manacles were still to be retained in Venetia. And
the perpetuation of the iron bond there was made
yet worse by the very condition accompanying it—
namely, the restoration of the Grand Dukes as an
essential preliminary. " The Arch Dukes," says
the Imperial announcement in the Moniteur of this
morning [and so far there is a satisfaction in the
reading of that explicit avowal]—" The Arch-
dukes will not be re-established by foreign forces.
BUT—[here come the bitter dregs at the
bottom of the honeyed cup]—BuT that por-
tion of the treaty of Villafranca not having
been carried out, Austria will find herself
freed from all engagements taken in favour of
Venetia !" Meaning the " concessions on a large
scale to Venetia" promised by Austria, but requir-
ing as a condition, sine qua non, the return of the
Archdukes. So that to put the matter plainly—
The Archdukes not being restored to their
principalities, Venetia is to be abandoned, utterly
and unconditionally to the tender mercies
of the Austrian despotism ! If we could typify
anything so disastrous, or in its way so monstrous,
as this utter abandonment of Venetia to Austria,
at the very moment when Austria is sullen and
infuriated by being herself ignominiously bereft
of Lombardy, after being defeated from the very
beginning to the very end of the late Cam-
paign—if we could symbolise any such Dread
Calamity by a straw or a drop of water,
it is surely the straw that will break the
back of the Camel (the Truce of Villafranca), it is
the last drop that will brim over the cup of Italian
Indignation. No wonder that even the ilioniteur
comes to the conclusion that such an arrangement
thus interrupted " will lead to fresh misfortunes !"
The Imperial deduction, then, is, that " War would
be the only way to resolve the difficulty. BUT,' adds
the Moniteur again, " BUT Italy must be aware
" that one Power alone in Europe 'makes war for
an idea, and that is France, and France has
accomplished her mission." An Idea—lf the
abandonment of Venetia to Austria, upon the
understanding that the Archdukes could not be
restored anyhow, was the Napoleonian Idea at
Villafranca, it was certainly not a very bright one !
Happily for Italy, however—auspiciously yet for
her Future—Lombardy is really free—Sardinia is
heartened by her past triumphs in the battle-
field and the Council Chamber—Central Italy is

perk of his head, by the stiffness and tight-
ness of his stock, and by the very flourish
of his coat tails. Reading these resolutions, passed
so cordially last night by the "free and indepen-

dent," and, we will repeat, the. immaculate and
unpurchaseable electors of Huddersfield, we seem
to be listening over again by the side of Mr.
COMPTON as Honeybun, first of all to the
hopes and aspirations of the Blue Lambs and
Green Lions, and then to the enlightened senti-
ments and opinions of the rival deputatations
of Flamborough. _

calm, W resolute, unanimous, and prepared—and
'there, at the central point in the Roman peninsula,
at head of his Italian legions, with his hand upon
his sword, stands the heroic GARIBALDI.

What a pity, while they were about it last
night, down at Huddersfield, what an exceed-
ing pity—quite an oversight it was—that they
did not congratulate Mr. LEATHAM in the plural
upon his triumphal passage through the recent
contests Perhaps they felt instinctively (the
ingenious framers of these resolutions) that pos-
sibly the least said about the latest contest (the
one in Election Committee) the better ! How-
ever, as (both literally and figuratively) the
singular congratulation addressed to Mr. LEATHAM
in the preliminary resolution above quoted, acts as
a gentle reminder of yet more recent occurrences,
we may be allowed to indulge ourselves and
our readers with a few agreeable apropos remi-
niscences. To which end we cannot possibly do
better than quote as follows the epitome of one of
the most sparkling episodes in the history of the late
G6.neral Election, as narrated in the pages of Black-
wood. Maga, is speaking of " some of the cases in
whichbribe'rywasprovedagainsttheLiberals,"though
the members were allowed to retain their seats by
the incomprehensible, and incongruous, and utterly
inconsistent decision of the committees, and the
writer thus proceeds--
" First on this list, .as on the former one,
comes a brother-in-law of Mr. BRIGHT
Mr. E. A. LEATHAM, brother of the ejected
member for Wakefield, and sittiDg himself for
Huddersfield. Bribery here took rather a
comical form—much of it being done by giving
overprices for pigs, and by making anti•temperance
presents of barrels of beer ! The decision of the corn-
mittee was as follows That it was proved to your
committee that GEORGE MOXON and JOHN CHAP-
MAN were bribed to vote for EDWARD ALDHAM
LEATHAM by JABEZ WELLS, by the payment of £lO
more than the market value of some pigs. That
JOSEPH CROSSLEY had been bribed by one EDWARD
FRITH to vote at the last election, under a promise that
part of his house would be used as a committee-room.
That GODFREY HUDSON, a publican,had been bribed
by JABEZ WELLS for a like purpose. That HENRY
PARTRIDGE had been bribed by JOIIN WILSON for a
like purpose. That Jos. HOBBISON has beeN bribed
for the like purpose. That AQUILA PRIESTLY had
been bribed with half a barrel of beer. That there
was no evidence that such acts of bribery had taken
place with the knowledge of E. A. LEATHAM,' and
therefore that he was duly elected.' After the
elections Mr. BRIGHT, in the fulness of his heart,
boasted that he would now walk into the House of
Commons with a brother-in-law on each arm. He
little thought how soon one of these relations was to
be walked out of the house in a very summary and
humiliating way ; and how the other, though
escaping ejection, must ever be ridiculous to the
risible and offensive to the moral faculties of the
house on account of the barrels of beer and the
corrupt traffic in the unclean animal' to which he
owed his election."
About the other gentleman, the other Mr.
LEATHAM, the other brother-in-law of Mr.
BRIGHT. Weil, we all know pretty well
about that ! In case any should have forgotten it
in any, the smallest, particular, thus quoth the in-
exorable Maga—

Mr. BRIGHT'S last" is very much indeed in the
style of Mr.DODGSON'S harangues in that whimsical
politico-dramatic squib, called " The Contested
Election," now being performed to crowded houses,
night after night, by her MAJESTY'S servants in
the little theatre in the Haymarket. Only the
honourable member lacks altogether in his manner
the gay, airy, sparkling vivacity and animation of
that CHARLES SURFACE of the modern stage, our
inimitable CHARLES MATHEWS. Mr. BRIGHT'S
physique, we should say, would better suit him to
the heavy line of business. There is a vast deal,
however, of the imperturbable effrontery—not
"brazen," it is too gentlemanly for that, rather it
should be termed the lacquered effrontery—of
Attorney DODGSON, of Flamborough, in the text
tat that great political sermon which will be found
reported at full length in another part of our im-
pression of this evening ! An election sermon—
onernately dripping 'with „n.
th uncti •
on and flaring with
;fire and brimstone—delivered by Friend BRIGHT
ao a congregation of some three thousand souls, as-
purpose of hearing it, down
si mbled for the express
in that appropriate conventicle at Huddersfield.
:It really seems almost like an
elaborated
joke of a flavour the most coarsely
ironical,
-that wonderful " resolution " which was pro-
posed by Mr. BRIGHT last evening down at
llutldt 'rsfield :—" That in the opinion of this
weatirrig. the great ques'ion of Parliamentary
R efoon, involving a more faithful representation
of tile veople, greater purity of election, a wiser
and rn ore' economical expenditure of public money,
and a n a dminigtration of national affairs more
mosist, With national interests, demands the
immedi ate attention of the Legislature, and ought
not to bt postponed beyond the first opportunity for
a satisfaA -tory settlement !" Observe—Mr. BRIGHT
actually moveu that resolution in the presence of
Mr. E. •. LEATHAM, and in the hearing of a very
considerable number of the free and independent
and immat `elate and unpurchaseable electors of
Huddersfielt I. It is very much, indeed, like Mr.
DODGSON. It bears a wonderful resemblance, all

" Foremost on the list (the first list already
alluded to) is the Wakefield petition, charg-
ing Mr. BRIGIIT'S brother-in-law, Mr. W. H.
LEATHAM, with having unlawfully obtained the
seat by means of bribery. Here the committee beg
the hon. gentleman to inform them whether it is the
case that £llOO have been spent in securing his
return, and make inquiries as to who were the fortu-
nate recipients of this ' liberal' disbursement. To
which the brother-in-law of the immaculate Mr.
BRIGHT replied that ' he had paid Mr. WAIN-
WRIGHT (his agent), two cheques-=one for £2OO,
and the other for £500: in addition, the expenses
accounted for to the auditor were upwards of .E. 100;
and he believed there were some small accounts
still unsettled.' As to how the money had gone
was a very painful branch of the inquiry; and the
stanchest old Tory could hardly have helped com-
miserating this ' advanced Liberal'; in his humiliat-
ing dilemma. On the famous 10th of June
Mr. W. H. LEATHAM could not constrain him-
self to give a silent vote against the Ministry.
A Reformer'so illustriously connected as he,
and specially deputed to second his brother-in-
law in his crusade against aristocratic influence
and corruption, he must tell the house why he con-
demed the Ministry. 'As a new member,' he
' he felt the grave responsibility of the vote
he was called upon to give. But he was sent to
Parliament on one question—that of political re-
form ; and on the ground of that question he must
vote against the Government. They failed in their
measure of reform, and he believed the forty-shil-
ling freeholders would never forget the insult
which that measure put upon them.' Here,
then, was a special champion of reform—one

said,

whose deputed mission it was to free the con-
stituencies from the bribes, and the country from the
rule, of the corrupt Conservatives. But very uncom-
fortable does he look now, though seated in the
sofest of easy-chairs, and those who look on begin
to understand why he should be so eager a cham-
pion of the borough freemen, those being notoriously
the class of all others most accessible to bribes.
Wakefield is one of the borough created by the Re-
form Bill of 1832, and Mr. LEATHAM is a political
puritan of the most advanced' school—a relative
and chosen lieutenant of Mr. BRIGHT'S ; yet what ,
do we find proved of this reform borough and reform
champion ? The evidence adduced before the commit-
tee clearly established the prevalence of the most dis-
graceful corruption on the part of the Liberal mem-
ber, the tariff of bribery ranging from £lO to £3O for a
vote, according to the hour of the day and the aspect
of the poll. And the committee found and declared
' That it was proved to them that THOMAS BEAU-
MONT ha's been bribed by the payment of £lO ; that
JOHN JACKSON has been bribed by the payment of
£3O; that JOHN COUSINS has been bribed by the
payment of £25 ; and the GEORGE SENIOR has
been bribed by the payment of £3o_,' And their
unanimous decision is, That WILIIA3I HENRY
LEATHAM was by his agents guilty of
bribery at the last election for the borough of
Wakefield ;' that therefore he is not duly elected
to serve in the present Parliament ; and that
the last election for the said borough is a void
election.' "

So much for W. H. So much—as we have
seen—for E. A. Yet it is absolutely for the cele-
bration of the triumph of Mr. E. A. LEATHAM, and
for the celebration of that triumph in the name of
purity of election, that three thousand people
assembled last evening to hear Mr. BRIGHT pro-
pose that remarkable resolution at Huddersfield.
After this, it would be preposterous to say that
there is any exaggeration whatever, or over-
colouring, or caricature, either in Boz's Eatanswill
or in Tom TAYLOR'S Flamborough.

body of men whatsoever. Show us any way most
pleasant to yourselves which shall attain these
objects, and we shall be happy to adapt it. We
have none but perfectly free agents in out
employ, and we have no wish to make men free by
what seems to them like a badge of slavery ; let the
men devise their own certificate of freedom, only
let it be a sufficient one."

Would not such a tone as this have been more
attractive ? Would it not have placed the wrong-
heads more obviously in the wrong ? And could

it have been difficult to alter the form of the'
declaration into one, not exacted from the man
by the master, but offered by the man to
the master, just as he would offer a certificate
of character ? A master might as reasonably re-
quire evidence that the man is a free-man as that
he is sober, reliable, and skilful. It is notorious
that some persons of standing, members of Parlia-
ment amongst them, have censured the declaration.
But what have they censured ? It cannot be, that
each master and man shall be perfectly free in their
dealings with each other—it cannot be the sub-
stance of the declaration—it must have struck them,
as it strikes most of us, that no Englishman would
like to be " numbered and ticketed" as it is com-
plained is done by the present declaration. It re-
minds us all of tickets-of-leave ; and we don't like
it. The comparison may be very unjust. Nothing
of the kind may be intended ; but, if so, why shrink
from removing the appearance of evil ? It is un-
worthy of those who insist on the substance to be
pertinacious also about the form: We do not think
the masters will do either themselves or the non-
society men justice if they do not modify their
plan before next Monday. We can indeed see no
reason whatever why a simple statement on the
part of the latter, that they have been, and are now
non-society rhen should not be sufficient. Those
who have never committed an offence do not like
to be asked for a promise that they never will.

The Strike and the Lock-out, the Central Associ-
ation of Master Builders, and *the Anti-Strike
Committee, are all in full play at this moment ; but
the position of matters is somewhat altered. The
trades' unions who have combined and centralised
their action through the Conference are labouring
very energetically, and enlisting the aid of artisans'
unions all over the country. Two of their leaders,
Messrs. POTTER and GRAY, were absent on a finan-
cial tour at Glasgow when the last meeting of dele-
gates was held ; but a bricklayer, of the name of
NOBLE, supplied the eloquence and political
economy requisite to elicit cheers and guide the
judgment of those assembled. His strongest point
seemed to be, that, even if the great merchants of
the City did render aid to the builders, yet that
many of them would have to do into the Gazette ;
and his auditors seem to have been intelligent
enough to believe that, if masters were ruined, men
would be likely to find more work ! It was de-
clared that the men were " firmer now than on the
day when the strike and lock-out began ;" that the
3s. dividend (for a fortnight) had given the greatest
satisfaction ; and if they could but get a sum like
that added to the contributions of the unions, they
could hold out ten weeks longer. Such, according
to their leading speakers, is the position of the
union now. They will be able to fight on till the
short days and winter lessen employment from na-
tural causes, it they can but get ls. 6d. per week
from contributions ; the success of the strike de-
pends, therefore, upon ls. 6d. per week.
But there will be, after next Monday, a new trial
for the men. The masters will then open their yards
to all who will accept the declaration, and a large
number of the non-unionists have avowed that in
the declaration itself they see nothing objectionable.
We think them, as we have already stated, in the
main, perfectly right. The declaration is simply a
declaration of perfect liberty for both master and
man. It releases the former from the necessity of
regulating his proceedings by the dictates of a mas-
ter outside his yard; it releases the man from the
tyranny of a Union which, in the majority of cases,
he blindly obeys, and would much rather not obey.
Whether any considerable number will make the
required declaration remains to be seen. The non-
society men are now suffering heavy losses and trials
for the sins of the society men ; but even they, too,
do not like the printed declaration with number and
counterfoil. They wish to make it a " shop rule"
between the foreman and the man, when the fore-
man engages the latter, and they think this will be
Vufficient. It is repugnant to the feelings of that
better class of men which sees through and hates
the tyranny of the Unions, to have, as it were, a
sort of master's special badge affixed to them. The
masters, however, think that by conceding this,
they would place the foremen in a position incom-
patible with the discharge of their duties between
master and man. At present, therefore, the masters
have changed nothing, and receded from nothing.
Declaration, number, counterfoil—all—are to be the
test next Monday.

Is this wise ? We have repeatedly acknow-
ledged that the unionists drove the masters into an
assertion of freedom for themselves and their men,
as the basis of recommencing business. In this we
think the masters were fully justified. Men
under the orders of an organisation exterior to the
master's yard could not offer to their master their
unrestricted abilities; and masters would have to
consider, not the capacities and interests of the men
merely, but the arbitrary whims and caprices of
ignorant and conceited secretaries and committees
of unions. The authority of these despots must

anyhow be crushed. No respectable man would
employ his capital under such enslaving conditions.
But it is quite another thing to insist on a mode of
doing, what at best is unpleasant, in the most un-
pleasant manner. We admit the value of decision
in a mutiny, but in a dispute between free men abd
free masters conciliation has its advantages. Even
tiie natural pride—self-respect, we should rather
say—of both parties, of men as well as of masters,
ought to be consulted. Tt ought hardly to be ex-
pected that the masters should give way in
nothing. Some graceful concession simultaneously
with opening their yards, strikes us as most desir-
able; and if not too late, we should even now urge
it on the attention of the masters.
It should be surely their object to place them-
selves in the fairest position, both with the non-
society men and the 'public—we may add, with
the thousands who groan under the tyranny
of the unions—next Monday. By a vote of
the Anti• Strike Committee on Wednes.lay it
was agreed to suggest the renunciation of the
nine hours' movement on the part of the men', and
of the declaration on the part of the masters, since
neither had been approved by the public. We
cannot think this would be sufficient to satisfy the
masters. They have put their finger, now, o:f the
cause of the evil—the unwarrantable interference
of Benefit Unions with trade ; and that evil they
are wisely determined, so far as they are concerned,
to annihilate. It seems to us that masters should
say to men—" On one point we are determined, we
will not employ a man who takes his orders re-
specting the mode of doing his work, the number
of arprentices, or the kind of men we shall employ;
the wages he shall accept, or refuse; or anything
relating to work and its remuneration, from any

The-SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SrPTEMBER 9, ISM.

the head, while her whole draught of water is too
light to allow the proper immersion to her paddle
floats, and no less than four feet of her screw-blades
out of the water.

Atipme at all acquainted with steamships will
see that an attempt at real speed under such cir-
cumstances was out of the question. Yet even in
this trim enough was done to show the marvellous
power which this vessel will possess when fully
ready for sea. At sea the Great Eastern is intended
to work at 251 b. of steam, the paddles going 14
revolutions and the screw 53. To-day the pressure
of steam was under 171 b., the paddles never actu-
ally reached nine revolutions, and the screw only
27. Yet even when not employing two-thirds of
her power, and in the worst trim against a strong
tide, she ran from the Lower Hope point to the
Nore lightship, a distance of 15 statute miles, in
two minutes under the hour. Calculating from
this data, it will be found that working to her
ordinary sea-going power will give her, even in her
present trim, an average of from 18 to 19 miles an
hour. During the time that the vessel was going
at this speed of 13 knots, or 15 miles, the engines
worked with an ease that, when their size and
power are considered, was perfectly astounding.
So still was the ship on deck while going at this
speed, that a pail of water that stood on one of the
paddle-boxes did not show the slightest symptoms
of vibration ; and, as far as could be gathered from
outward objects, one might much easier have
imagined one's-self writing in a Parisian salon than
in the state cabin of the Great Eastern flying down
to the Nore. One thing connected with the vessel
is as remarkable as her other characteristics. Even
when going 13 knots an hour there was an utter
absence of " swell" in her wake—even less, as far
as could be judged from the deck, than is made by
the ordinary penny steamers, and not one-half as
much as was thrown up by our own tugs.
The Nore light was reached at half-past twelve
o'clock to-day, and the anchor let go in 8 fathoms,
with 45 fathoms from the hawse-hole. Before an-
choring the vessel was put about, and went com-
pletely round under steam in less than three-quar-
ters of a mile. In a few minutes afterwards Ad-
miral Harvey came alongside in his yacht, dipping
his ensign as he approached, as every single vessel,
man of war or merchantman, which has yet met
the Great Eastern, has hitherto done. In an hour

afterwards the ship was surrounded by yachts and
sailing boats of all kinds. During the run down
from Gravesend the fixing of Mr. Langley's steer-
ing apparatus was completed, and worked to per-
fection. Captain Comstock was, on the previous
day, at his post on the bridge, directing the steer-
ing by the signal indicator. Captain Harrison and
the pilot were on the starboard paddlebox, and Mr.
Scott Russell directed the engines. Mr. Campbell,
the indefatigable managing director, as usual, was
everywhere. Among the passengers who started
with the vessel were Mr. Fen, jun., Mr. H.
Ingram, M.P., Sir R. W. Carden, Mr. Appold, Mr,
Danford, Mr. Hol.bs, Mr. Ayrton, M.P., Mr.
Smith (the originator of the screw propeller), Mr.
John Dillon, Sir John Burke, and two of the ablest
of the company's officers—Mr. Leverson, the soli-
citor, and Mr. John Yates, the secretary.
It is arranged that the Great Eastern is to leave,
her present moorings at seven o'clock to-morrow
and steam away easily to sea. It is probable, if
the weather permits, that she may swing at the
Forehead to adjust compasses, but Mr. Gray has
already effected so much towards rectifying their
slight deviation that it is scarcely necessary for the
run round to Portland. As matters are arranged
at present, it is expected that the Great Eastern
will enter, Portland harb,gur between seven and.
eight o'clock on Saturday morning.

NAVAL PREPARATIONS IN FRANCE.

LATEST NEW':,

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

The .211onitettr of morning publishes a long
article, explaining the reasons which caused the
Emperor to conclude peace, of which the following

is a summary :

" The Emperor of Austria had promised to grant
concessions on a large scale to Venetia, but requir-
ing as a condition, sine qua non, the return of the
Archdukes. (L'Empereur d'Autriche avait promis
des larges concessions pour Venitie, mais exi-
geant comme condition, sine qua non, le retour des
Archiducs.) The Emperor Napoleon accepted these
conditions. (L'Empereur Napoleon accepta.) It
is easy to conceive that, if after the conclusion of
the peace, the destinies of Italy had been entrusted
to men who had more at heart the future of their
common fatherland than little partial successes, the
aim of their endeavours would have been to deve-
lope and not to obstruct the consequences of the
treaty of Villafranca, and then Venetia would have
been placed in the same position as Luxembourg
with Holland. (Il est facile a comprendre que Si
apres la paix les destinees de l'ltalie eussent ete
confiees a des hommes plus preoccupes de
l'avenir de leur par tie commune que de
petits succes partiels, le but de leurs efforts,
devait etre de developper et non d'entraver
les consequences du traite de Villafranca et la
Venitie devait etre mise dans la meme position
comme Luxembourg avec la Hollande.) The Arch-
dukes will not be re-established by foreign forces,
but that portion of the treaty of Villafranca not
having been carried out, Austria will find herself
freed from all engagements taken in favour of
Venetia. (Les Archiducs ne seront pas retablis
par des forces strangers, mais cette partie du traite
de Villafranca n'etant pas executee, l'Autriche se
trouverait deliee de toutes engagements pris
faveur de la Venitie.) Instead of a policy of re-
conciliation and peace, a policy of defiance and
hatred will be seen to reappear, which will entail
fresh misfortunes. (Au lieu d'un e politique &con-
ciliation et de 'mix, on verra renaitre une politique
de defiance et de haine, qui amenera de nouveaux
malheurs.) Much, it would appear, is expected
from a congress, which we hail with all our wishes ;
but we strongly doubt that the congress would
obtain better conditions for Italy. (On semble
beaucoup esperer d'un congres, nous l'appelons
de tons nos vceux, mais nous doutons fort,
que le congres obtient de meilleurs conditions
pour l'ltalie.) It would not be right to
ask from a great Power important concessions
without offering equitable compensations. (II
ne serait pas juste de demande a une grande
puissance d'importantes concessions, sans lui
offrir des compensations equitables.) War
would be the only way to resolve the difficulty,
but Italy must be aware that one power alone in
Europe makes war for an idea, and that is France,
and France has accomplished her mission. (La
guerre serait le seul moyen, mais l'ltalie doit savoir
qu'une seule puissance en Europe fait la guerre
pour une idle—c'est la France, et la France a
accompli sa tache.)
The Moniteur contains also the following mes-
sage ; " Tangiers, Sept. 6. The Emperor of
Morocco is dead. Sidi Mohammed has been pro-
claimed Emperor at. Fez and in Mequinez. Tran-
quillity prevails at Tangiers.
The Moniteur further publishes the usual
monthly returns of the Bank of France, which
shows the following results as compared with the
August account :

PARIS, SEPT. 9.

The Paris correspondent of the Independance
Beige says, that the French government have re-
solved to construct twenty casemated vessels instead
of ten, as was at first contemplated. Of the first'
order for ten vessels six have been completed. Al-
though the sheeting of these war vessels is not less
than ten centimetres in thickness, they are on the
whole very light. The government, being appre-
hensive that the Imperial Foundries could not sup-
ply the whole of these vessels, have given an order
to the proprietors of the Creusot foundries for the
manufacture of some. Fifty large steam transports,
each capable of containing 3,000 men, Will be
finished in a short time. Preparations for defence
are being made along the whole coast. Besides the
casemated batteries, of which the Neuvelliste of
Rouen has recently spoken, the forts on the Medi-
terranean and the ocean, which have been aban-
doned for a lone time past, are being rearmed.
The forts of St. Malo are also taking in new ord-
nance.

THE LAST NEW GUN.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—ln your impression of Tuesday last (in the
Military and Naval Intelligence) my name has been
used in reference to a gun which has been constructed
at Woolwich, and as the information therein con-
tained is calculated to produce an erroneous im-
pression, I crave, though most reluctantly, your
kind inset tion of this letter.

The paragraph alluded to was evidently written
by one either unacquainted with my views, or in-
fluenced by no friendly feeling towards me, for the
exaggerated statement which I am reported to have
made in reference to range is totally untrue. The
statement as to a charge of l6lb. of powder is also
most incorrect, for probably 21b. will be the maxi-
mum used.

I shall withhold all further observation, believ-
ing that the trial of the gun will best demonstrate
the value of the suggestions which I have taken
the liberty to make to the War-office.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
Limehouse, Sept. 8. ALFRED JEFFERY.

INCREASED.

Cash

DECREASED.

. 16,750,000

Bills discounted not yet due 22,500,000
Advances
Bank notes
.. 3,333,333
Current accounts

- - -
No alteration in the Treasury balance.

PARIS, SEPT. 9.

The Prince Napoleon quitted Paris yesterday for
Auvergne, from whence he will proceed to Switzer-
land; it is supposed that his journey has refer ence
to the intended interview between the Emperors of
France and Austria at the Castle of Arcnenberg.
The statement that the English Cabinet had
made proposals to the Governments of France and
Austria for the holding of a Congress, is not cor-
rect.

The Duchess of Sutherland has left Trentham,
to join the duke and family at Dunrobin Castle, N.B.
The Earl Granville left town yesterday for Bal-
moral, to relieve Sir G. Grey as the Minister in attendance
upon her Majesty.

M. de la Gueronniere has left for St. Sauveur,
accompanied by NI. Drousart, his principal clerk
the aim of this journey is the intended reform of
the law of the press in a more liberal manner.

The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield have lately
been receiving a large party at Brethby Hall, including the
Duke and Duchess of Beaufort and Lady Edith Somerset,
the Marchioness (Maria) of Ailesbury, Viscount Clifden,
Lord Sidney Osborne, Lord Wm. Powlett, Hon. Henry
Forester, Sir Joseph Hawley, &c.

TURIN, SEPT. 8.

The Council of the different districts has officially
proclaimed to the inhabitants of Turin that the
Tuscan deputies had presented a deed of annexa-
tion to the Government.

The Countess of Yarborough and Lady Sophia
Pelham have arrived in Arlington-street from tile Isle of
Wight, on their way to Brocklesby Hall, Lincolnshire.
The noble earl is yachting, and will not return to Brock-
lesby until the close of the month. His lordship, we are
glad to hear, is in the enjoyment of improved health.
The Countess Dowager of Carnwath is among
the recent arrivals at Tunbridge Wells. _ _

BOLOGNA, SEPT. 7.

Viscount Clifden has gone on a visit to Lord and
Lady Blantyre, at Erskine House, N.B.
The marriage of Lady Theodora Proby, daughter
of the Earl of Carysfort, and sister of Lady Claud Hamil-
ton, with Mr. W. Baillie, second son of Mr. Evan and Lady
Georgiana Baillie, is to take place to-morrow at Putney.
MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—The marriage of Mr.
Fremantle, eldest son of the Right Hon. Sir Thos. Fre-
mantle, Bart., with Lady Augusta Scott, second daughter
of the late, and sister of the present, Earl of Eldon, took
place yesterday at St. Peter's Church, Pimlico. The ser-
vice was performed by the Hon. and Very Rev, the Dean
of York, uncle of the bride. The bridesmaids were the three
Ladies Scott, the younger sisters of the bride, and the three
Misses Fremantle. The wedding breakfast was given at the
family residence in Hamilton-place, and in the afternoon
the happy pair left for Stvanbourne, Sir Thos. Fremantle's
scat in Buckinghamshire. _ _

The assembly has unanimously adopted the fol-
lowing proposition :—" We declare that the people
of the Romagna desire annexation to the constitu-
tional kingdom of Sardinia under the sceptre of
King Victor Emmanuel." The city was illumi-
nated and universal joy and order prevailed.

PARMA, SEPT. 7.

The assembly was opened to-day with great
solemnity. After the religious ceremonies at the
cathedral were concluded, the deputies proceeded
to the palace amidst the cheers of a numerous
assembly of the people and the National Gu Ird.

The Courrier de Bayonne publishes a letter from
Llrd Howden, addressed to the editor of that journal, offer-
ing, a portrait of Napoleon I. for a proposed museum at
Bayonne.
TAYLOR'S CRESCENT HOTEL, FILEY.—The fol-
lowing distinguished visitors are at present staying at the
above hotel :—The Dowager Countess of Meath, Hon. John
Brabazon, Hon. Richard Brabazon, Lord and Lady Taun-
ton, Hon. Miss Labouchere, Hon. Miss A. Labouchere,
Hon. Miss M. B. Labouchere, Sir Walter and Lady
Riddell, Hon. Caroline Cavendish, Miss Heyriott, Hon.
Mrs. Steuart, Captain Steuart, Sir Charles Hastings, Lady
Hastings, Lady Clifton and party, Sir George Beaumont,
Lady Beaumont and family, Alfred Beaumont, Esq., •
Beaumont and family.

—IiEPRESENFATION OF SELKIRKSHIRE.—The Hon.
William Napier, who at the late election intimated his in-
tention to offer himself as a candidate for this county at
the first vacancy thereafter, addressed, a meeting of the
electors of the county on Friday evening. Mr. Napier ex-
pressed himself as of moderate liberal principles, but
guarded against his being expected to go along with either
the Radical or Whig party. Mr. Murray, of Philiphaugh,
is also a prospective candidate for the county on more ad-
vanced Literal principles.
'jut: DUCHESS OF PARMA AND lIER FAMILY.—
Ie speaking of a recent tour which he made in Switzerland,
M. Fiorentino, a writer in the Constitietioiinei, states that he
happened to take passage on board the same steamer with
the Ditches of ninny. and her young family, whom he
tims describes :--" Scarcely had we taken our places on the
look when we noticed at the other end of the seat a lady
64ortoanded by a group of merry laughing children. She
wore a straw bat without either ribbons or feathers, and a
morning dress of extreme simplicity. It is impossible to
imagine oweeter or more pleasing features, or more
ittlabl manners. That lady was the Duchess of Parma,
On her way from Genoa to Friburg, with her children
alai several attendants. The young Duke Robert,
who appeared to be nine or ten years of age, con-
templated the lake and mountains with a thoughtful air.
His younger brother treated him with great deference, and
I observed that he touched his hat whenever he spoke to
The young princesses had a most pleasing air ofgen-
tleness and good nature. The youngest, a very pretty and
lively child, amused herself by carrying her doll up and
down the deck, arid went every now and then to whisper
some groat secret to her governess. Her brothers and sis-
ters, part of the time, crowded round a juggler, admiring
his dexterity, and purchasing a few trifles from

The Dictator Farini addressed the assembly,
reviewing the history of the rule of the Bourbons
in the Duchies, and terminated his speech amid
cries of " Vive Victor Emmanual ! " The city was
in fete.

THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL.

ALEXANDRIA.

The Northam got clear off Reef at three a.m. on
the 25th August and arrived at Suez at 5.30 p.m•
on the 28th with all the mails and passengers—
damage not so serious as reported. She started for
Bombay at five p.m. on the 31st.
The Simla (from Calcutta) and Ottawa (from
Bombay) arrived at Aden-the 28th August and tie
Ist September respectively.

• TUSCANY.
The following is the text of the proclamation
published by the Tuscan Government n the occa-
sion of the answer from the King of Sardinia
" Tuscans ! King Victor Emmanuel has acceded
to our wishes, md, strengthened by the rights
with which he is thereby invested, he will plead
our cause before Europe. Thanks to this great
Italian land ; with-
act, Tuscany again becomes an
out any vestige of foreign dominion. After so
many ages of division and discord, the provinces
of the Peninsula spontaneously unite under the
magnanimous defender of Italian independence.
The brave inhabitants of the Subalpine valleys,
the enfranchised brethren of Lombardy stretch out
their hand to Tuscany, and all proclaim themselves
sons of the same country. Our old literary re.
nown is joined to the military force of Piedmont ;
every Italian race adds its treasures to the commnotofa
tphreminc nation.ial vassalage,let us r
re
c n
•coTnhsattittilst ion
pisattrhitenorne3a•
joke at having lived long enough to be present at
this sublime spectacle of concord, and to gather its
first fruits. Let us persevere in our efforts, and

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THE SUN.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1859.