The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-06 00:00:00

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.... sat TIA trleans, July 29.

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"My dear General,—You R Pill see by the papers
hat the factors and isisuran.ce offices of this city,
well as their constituents:, the planters, are in
favour of holding back their crops from market
and
so long as the war and bloct:ade continues. The
planters
entire
rne theirerep ceof t t un
cotton, i
pay for
it f a serious
inva-
sion of the cotton zone should take place. I
think it would be well for the Goveroment to
purchase
willthe n
Treasury notes of denominations of 5 dols. and
upwards. The cotton could be held back at the
plantations—the planter receiving from the Go-
vernment half the amount of 't y storage. The
staple could thus be held by the Government at
small risk and charge, without the intervention
of agents or office holders, and the Treasury notes
thus issued would at once enter into general cir-
culation, the banks as well as individuals receiv-
ing them in payment of debts and in the general
operations of trade. This, for obvious reasons, would
be a powerful means of bringing the war ta a close,
and the cotton afterwards sold would be the ba xis
of redemption of the Treasury notes. At all eveuts
the universal sentiment is that not a bale of cotton
should be suffered to be sent to markets outside of
the Confederate States until their sovereignty and
independence has been recognised by France, Eng-
land, Spain, and the Unites States, and peace re-
stored upon just and honourable terms.
" The reintegration of the Union is an impossi-
bility, and the sooner the statesmen of Europe and
the United States understand this and appreciate
the power of the Confederate States to assert, phy-
sically and morally, and for ever to maintain, their
iudependence and sovereignty, the sooner they will
be impelled to yield to the necessity of securing
peace, and the restoration of affairs to their natural
condition. This is a growing sentiment amongst
Conservative men in the North and West, outside
the walls of Washington. Pisysistence in an oppo-
site course by the Federal executive and Congress
cannot long be maintained, nor be acquiesced in by
France and England, for the process would be too
exhaustive of the vital interests of the former, and
too damaging to the commerce and manufactures of
the latter.
" France and England cannot remain neutral in
the war, and the very moment they pass from a
state of neutrality they must assume, by an inevit-
able consequence, one of hostility towards the
United States, as the power waging a war of con-
quest alike in its intent and nature impolitic, unjust,
and damaging to the interests of the world—impo-
litic, because impossible, as.one of subjugation and
for reintegration ; unjust, because opposing the in-
defeasible right of a people to change their govern-
ment and political relations—a right acknowledged
by England in the case of the thirteen colonies, as
acknowledged by Europe in the case of France,
Naples, and Rome ; a right, indeed, as old as that
of civil government, and without which the change
from despotic to free government could never have
been made, and without which the latter could not
be maintained. They who deny these prepositions
aim at once at the subversion of civil government,
for which they would substitute the government of
the sword.
" That persistence in the war by the North
must be damaging to the great commercial and
manufacturing interests of the world, no one, I
think, will deny. Ordinary wars would produce this
effect ; how much greater must the disastrous
effects be when trade, manufactures, agriculture,
and navigation are paralysed, and reaction prevented
by the South, acting in self-defer ce, and holding
firmly in its grasp the great national basis upon
which, in a great degree, all those interests are
founded, and when the paralysis threatens especially
to be fatal to the cotton manufacturers of England,
France, Spain, and the United States. .
" The crops everywhere are beginning to burst
forth in abundance. Corn, cotton, sugar, and the
minor products were never more promising. Never
were a people more blessed on this score, and they
will gratefully offer the fruits for the support of
freedom and right in which they are engaged. The
people throughout the land have an abiding faith
in the wisdom of the Confederate Congress, and in
the eminent ability, patriotism, and firmness of
President Davis, his cabinet and general. Our
cause mast triumph, and such a people deserve that
it should. " Wm. H. CIIASF.
"Hon. T. Morton, of Florida, Richmond, Va."

PRICIII ....... .4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

national reproach to us that we have permitted our
own fields to be uncultivated, and that our spinners
and manufacturers have been driven by necessity
to consume the produce of slavery. Lacking the
means of communication and of irrigation, the re-
bources of the East Indies remain in much the same
dormant condition in which they have been for
2,000 years. But higher prospects are opening in
that great dependency—tailways are being con-
structed, canals formed, river navigation improved,
and works of irrigation proceeded with. One great
defect is, however, retained with perverse tenacity.
The tenure of land is obstructive alike to the rights
of individual ownership, and to its effective cultiva-
tion. Without doing the slightest wrong to the
holders of any land, its equitable transfer might be
sanctioned, and a landed proprietary as influential
as in our country might be established. Let our
fee-simple system be adopted there, and a wealth-
producing revolution will be the result.. Small sup-
plies of cotton as good as that obtained from New
Orleans are now received from India, and the cotton
of this vast dependency is certainly improving. But
whilst from a combidation of circumstances, the
ryot of India is only paid 12s. per acre for his crop
of cotton, and the American cultivator can obtain
£l2, the energy and capability of the former cannot
be developed. Supposing efforts to be made com-
mensurate with increased difficulties, all the common
cottons, or '75 per cent. of the consumption of Great
Britain, might be obtained frbm India in a couple
of years. Protection to sugar destroyed the culti-
vation of cotton in the West Indies ; and the spirit-
less and apathetic conduct of the owners of a large
part of the property of these islands has prevented
the renewal of exertions which could scarcely fail
being very profitable. Mingled free and slave
labour supplies of cotton come from South America.
But the Brazilian GovernmerA appears to be sincere
in its desire to emancipate the negro. From Egypt
the supply of cotton may increase, but there the
withering influence of the despot retards its ex-
tended cultivation, though the spirited, energetic,
and successful enterprise of Mehemet Ali is an ex-
ample deserving the attention of better men. He in-
troduced agricultural industry into his vice-royalty,
and founded a fountain of wealth,whence flow millions
of annual income to the advantage of Egypt. For all

the finer, higher, and better classes of cotton from
New Orleans, Brazil, and, Egypt, to the most beau-
tiful Sea Island, Queensland in Australia might
quickly afford all the requisite supplies. That ter-
ritory alone, besides sustaining the population of
Europe, could easily be. made to produce all the cot-
ton now consumed in the world ; but so sweeping a
change and enlarged production need not be dilated
upon, the facts being only referred to as illustrating
the powers of the colons . To prove the possibility
of immense and immediate supplies of cotton being
grown in Queensland with comparatively little dif-
ficulty, we must recollect that the present yearly
consumption of cotton in the United Kingdom is
2,500,000 bags. Now, the negro labour to raise this
quantity of cotton would be one man for every 10
bags ; but for ploughing, harrowing, ginning, and
packing horse or mule labour is of course employed
in aid ; and in spring and harvest time for weeding,
gathering, and cleaning, women and children might
afford their help. For that production of cotton
250,000 men only would be required ; and supposing
the women, the young and the children to be 750,000
more, the total would thus be one million of human
beings to ensure the whole supply of the cotton now
consumed by us. Such a population could be obtained
in China, in the East Indies, or in Southern Ger-
many. On whom must we depend for emancipation
of our industry? The governing power has an in-
tense interest in the employment and prosperity of
the labouring classes. Capitalists generally help
themselves, but the labourer is a dependent being.
Government must set its house in order. Land
grants for beneficial purposes should be free, faci-
lities afforded for emigration, public works pro-
moted, and prosperity will follow in the trade.
Capitalists, merchants, and manufacturers, whose
investments are largely embarked in the cotton
trade, have duties .devolving upon them, and they
ought not to assume that the commerce of their
country, the labourers, and the markets are crea-
tions for their sole benefit, for with their advantages
and privileges the duties which they owe their coun-
try cannot be dispensed with. These bodies are
known to have large investments in foreign rail-
ways, in the cultivation of sugar and other pro-
ducts, and in many dubious securities, but in the
cultivation of the staple raw material of their own
pursuits they have not ventured to embark. Last
year the cotton trade contributed to capital and
labour 50 million pounds sterling ; and in the last
50 years the aggregate re ward has been 1,000
millions. Surely from these treasures might be
spared some pittance of capital to free the negro and
to ensure still greater prosperity to industry. Sup-
posing the Government of our country to be willing
to make all the preliminary arrangements which
will contribute to the security and profit of capital
invested in cotton growing, the clear duty of the
class referred to will be to enter upon investments
with no niggard hand, and for their encouragement
it may be stated that very recently an extensive
Louisiana cotton planter has asserted that he could
grow cotton at 3d. per lb. which is now worth 9d.
per lb. in Liverpool, and of course he has had to
buy his labourers and afterwards to sustain them.
The confessed profit is 200 per cent. ; but in all
sobriety of judgment cotton-growing would afford
100 per cent. of recompense. Upon this subject the
warning voice has been long and often heard, and
the present embarrassment in cotton supplies has
been anticipated. Having, therefore, been fore-
warned, may this great and world•benefiting in-
dustry be forearmed.
Mr. Alderman NEELD then read a paper contain-
ing an account of the prices of printing cloth and
upland cotton from 1812 to 1800.
A discussion followed, professedly on the two
papers, but which wholly related to the former.
Col. SYKES, M.P., said it was a mistake to sup-
pose that there was any difficulty with regard to
landed tenure in India. The cultivator, as long as he
paid the land tax, had a right to cultivate his land
as he liked, and recently the tax had been fixed for
a period of 30 years. It must be remembered that
Government could not produce cotton ; it must be i
produced by the cultivator, and it was a question of
price with him. If he could cultivate sugar or any
other product with greater profit
cotton could be than cotton he
would certainly do so.
produced in India in any quantity, but it. was a
question of price. Queensland had been spoken of,
but it was a desert. There were only some 20,000
or 30,000 inhabitants. It could also be grown to a
great extent on the West Coast of Africa, and there
was a society called the African Aid Society, which
was promoting the cultivation of cotton in that
district.

EXTRAORDINARY TRIAL IN FRANCE.

On the 27th of May last, at six o'clock in the
morning, a poor old woman, named Champfort, who
was milking her cows in her stable, was struck down.
suddenly by two blows from behind. She fell,
shrieking for aid, but managed to turn round and
recognise her murderer. It was a young man, ag!d
20, Leopold Parisot, who had come to her the Twe-
vious day to ask for work, and had been at once a O-
mitted to her table. The murderer was soon arreste d ;
but suspicions ware excited that Parisot had acco sa-
plices in his crime, and on August 24 five persons
were brought up at the Court of Assizes de l'Aube.
These were, first, Leopold Parisot ; second, Marie
Rosalie Dornon, wife of a' butcher named Virey;
Marie Jeanne Champfort, wife of a farmer named
Garnier, and the two husbands. It came out on i'a-
vestigation that the woman Gamier was an object
of terror to all the inhabitants of her district from
her irregular life and revengeful character. It was
found also that she had been prosecuted for procuring
abortion and robbery. The evidence went to show
that the woman Garnier and her husband had offered
Leopold Parisot a sum of money to murder the poor
old woman, their mother. In his previous examina-
tion Parisot at first denied the crime, but ultimately
confessed his guilt. According to the charge the
woman Gamier had contemplated the crime for
some time, and had proposed it to several people,
amongst others to a servant named Henault, with
whom she maintained an adulterous connection •, on
his refusal, she applied to the two Vireys, and they
got Parisot to consent to do the murder for a consi-
deration. Parisot himself had been formerly con-
victed of robbery. After his release from prison he
went to the house of the Vireys, and was at last
persuaded to commit the crime by the woman
Virey, with whom ho was on terms of improper in-
timacy. Whilst he was hesitating, on the very day
of the murder, Virey came to him with a bottle of
brandy, made him drunk, and directed him to kill
the old woman. On examination Parisot said, " I
got into the house by the garden. I had no arms.
I took up a large stake. The woman Champfort
was in her stable milking. I struck her twice on
the back of her head and she fell. Her fall shocked
me so I could not do any more, and I ran away."
On being cross-questioned as to the complicity of
the Vireys, he persisted in the assertion that all he
had stated respecting them was true. The Vireys
and the Garniers denied the charge.
M. Pierre Urbaine Simonneau, priest at Cur-
rangy, gave the .following evidence :—" Early in
1860 Madame Champfort came to me to apprise me
of her intention to bequeath part of her fortune to
the Church. I asked her to reflect, reminding ber
that she had a daughter and a grandson. Ste said,
' My daughter shall have nothing from me; she
has
dishonoured me; she even tried to strangle ande,but for her father would have done so.' The day
of the crime a person said to me, 'lt is note day
wonderful; she has been sold and paid for some
time.' On the 3d June following Madame Champ-
tort told me that she had acquainted her daughter
with her determination to disinherit her, and she
said, ' She did not kill me then ; but mind, sir, I
shall not die a natural death.' "
Isidore Henault, in the service of the Garniers,
sevienratilma times te
assisted
deposed as follows :—" For Dome years I have been
on
terms
withinMeaadrrayminegGeaurVehre,raavw
dielhs ofave
vengeance. She had conceived a violent hatred
against her mother, becaase she wished to disinherit
her. Several times she spoke to me about killing
her, and offered me I,ooof. to do it. One day during
the fair at Euxy, she took me with her to her mo-
ther's house, and had with her a rope to strangle
her with. 'We were to throw her in the well, and
, put her sabots by the side to make believe she had
I committed suicide. On reaching the house I refused
to enter and went off."
A woman named Richard was the next witness.
She said—" One day the woman Virey brought the
woman Garnier to my house. After a little conversa-
tion the latter said to me that I passed for a wise wo-
man, and that if I could find some means to cause her
mother's death she would pay me well. The nexth
day she came again. She told me that her mother
wished to disinherit her, and that she would g
Y
give me I,ooof. if I could get rid of her. Some daa
ouys-:
afterwards she took me into the counting
i She
of the Vireys. Her husband waefoPre_7
r 2 00n0f. if I
offered to write me out a the
i to give
' Be quick, mere Richard, fo_rhse
cairn 0
e to me several
of the do ''
would kill her mother. Whencihluee.rsefguse_:ligshe said,
everything to the priest.
the jury returned a
get me to kill her
taeinotdnh,at she had gone her-
mother.times afterwards to
dteoloilbtdreyrna:
She also
rt
mother with a rope, but that
she had been preven . p.
After an hour
Leopold self to strangle he
of guilty againstA Parisot, the
ted by the barking
verdict
Garnier, yner, and the woman Virey, acquitting
the . ,
the husbands of the two latter. The President
condemned the woman Garnier to the punishnient
of death, and ordered that she should be conducted
to the place of execution en chemise, with her feet
bare, and her head '
covered with a black veil.
Parisot and the woman Virey
are condemned to
hard labour for lifejury -
. The signed a petition
recommending the qoma,n Garnier to mercy.

Mr. H. Ashworth, Mr. Malcolm Ross, Mr. E.
Ashworth, Mr. Gregson, and Mr. Napier also joined
in the discussion, which turned principally upon
the subject of land tenure in India. At the con-
clusion a vote of thanks, on the motion of Colonel
Sykes, was given to Mr. Bazley and Mr. Alderman
Neeld for their papers.
A paper was then read by Dr. STRANG on the
altered condition of the embroidery manufacture of
Scotland and Ireland since 1857.
Mr. H. ASTIWORTH read a paper on the connexion
of the improvements in cotton bleaching with im-
provements in the condition of the factory popula-

tion.
Professor ROGERS, M.A., read a paper on prices
in England from 1582 to 1620, and the effect of the
American discoveries upon them during that period.

ACCOMMODATION OF THE CORN TRADE AT BIR
KEN HEAD.—The Mersey Docks and Harbour Board at their
weekly meeting held yesterday, agreed to construct new
corn warehouses at Birkenhead at an estimated cost of about
£60,000, exclusive of the internal machinery. These ware-
houses when completed will provide storage for 100,000
quarters of grain.