The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-18 00:00:00

DR. CITRTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD:

A. MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRHCE
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
lust Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope, price le., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, forl2 stamps,
MANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
for Veriect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
CUUTIS, 15, Al.bermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.

Structure and rune
INTRODIICTOR
Early Vicious CONTENTS :
Y CHAPTER on the Physiological
ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence;
CHAPTER 111.
CHAPTER
of marriage ;whether
Indulgences Dangers of Neglect.
ticns of the Reproductive Organs.
Reviewr of the various Disqualifications
the ;wring from Youthful Abuse, the
V.
of Climate, or Infection.
Follies of Maturit,
CHAPTERS IV, and .on the modernan:t Treatment
interesting
Gonorrhcea and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied
cases, to which is added the Author's recipe 6f a preventive
Sunday Tinies,,,
YO valuable a b I e
REVIEWS OF TisliaßtruWi
Lotion.
Work, and
"Curtis on DRI
should be in the hands of young and ohie-,_...,
?3d March, 1856.
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing
little work, in which is described the source of those this
which produce decline in youth or more frequently diseases
Premature
Old age. Daily Telegraph," March 27,185&
" This work, which for twenty years has stood the test o
professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in apish!
and sympathising manner on the various disqualifications
and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de.
bility ; and to invalids suffering- from youthful errors and
excesses it will be found valuable and useful. —Record.
London : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater-
noster-row ; Mann. 39, Cornhill.
Sundays 10 till 2
flours of Consultation-10 to 3 and 6to 8 ; ,

Dover and Calais are now within 11 hours of each other.
The "James Penn" crosses the channel in that time. This
rapidity is due to improvements in the marine engine. Grey
hair is restored to its natural colour, and tic doloreux and
nervous headache cured by Herring's magnetic brushes.
Their undeviating success is due to late improvements by
the inventor. N.B.—Counterfeits are being made. Offices,
32, Basinghall-street, London.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag-
gravate and perpetuate diseases; their annoyance, dis-
appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons
in indifferent health sending only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
will receive gratis and free by post the "INVALIDS' OWN
Gunn," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex
Pmse, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and
refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal
of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints,
nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation,
cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea,
dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds,
noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions,
hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi.
tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms,
sinking, fits, bronohltik7rt li
to health," ngueotlonably thefiatest tin:de

Yesterday morning early 1 left Mobile in the
steamer Florida, which arrived in the lake of Pont-
chartrain late at night or early this morning. The
voyage, if it can be called so, would have offered,
in less exciting times, much that was interesting—
certainly to a stranger a good deal that was novel,
for our course lay inside a chain, almost uninter-
rupted, of reefs, covered with sand and pine trees,
exceedingly narrow, so that the surf and waves of
the ocean beyond could be seen rolling in foam
through the foliage of the forest or on the white
beach, while the sea lake on which our steamer was
speeding lay in a broad smooth sheet, just crisped
by the breeze, between the outward barrier and the
wooded shores of the mainland. Innumerable creeks,
or " bayous," as they are called, pierce the gloom of
these endless pines. Now and then a sail could be
made out, stealing through the mazes of the marshy
waters. If the mariner knows his course, he may
find deep water in most of the channels from the
outer sea into these inner waters, on which the
people of the South will greatly depend for any
coasting trade and supplies coastwise they may re-
quire, as well as for the safe retreat of their pri-
vateers. A few miles from Mobile the steamer, turn-
ing out of the bay, entered upon the series of these
lakes through a narrow channel called Grant's Pass,
which some enterprising person, not improbably of
Scottish extraction, constructed for his own behoof
by an ingenious watercut, and for the use of which,
and a little iron lighthouse that he has built close
at hand, on the model of a pepper-caster, he charges
toll on passing vessels. This island is scarcely three
feet above the water; it is not over 20 yards broad
and 150 yards long. A number of men were, how-
ever, busily engaged in throwing up the sand, and
arms gleamed amid some tents pitched around the
solitary wooden shed in the centre. A schooner lay
at the wharf, laden with two guns and sandbags,
and as we passed through the narrow channel seve-
ral men in military uniform, who were on board,
took their places in a boat which pushed off for
them, and were conveyed to their tiny station, of
which one shell would make a dustheap. The Mo-
bilians are fortifying themselves as best they can,
and seem, not unadvisedly, jealous of gunboats and
small war steamers. On more than one outlying
sandbank towards New Orleans are they to be seen
at work on other batteries, and they are busied in
repairing as well as they can old Spanish and new
United States works which had been abandoned, or
which were never completed. The news has just
been reported, indeed, that the batteries they were
preparing on Ship Island have been destrOyed and
burnt by a vessel of war of the United States. For
the whole day we saw only a few coasting craft and
the return steamers from New Orleans ; but in the
evening a large schooner, which sailed like a witch,
and was crammed with men, challenged my atten-
tion, and on looking at her through the glass I could
make out reasons enough for desiring to avoid her,
if one was a quiet, short-handed, well-filled old
merchantman. There could be no mistake about
certain black objects on the deck. She lay as low
as a yacht, and there were some 50 or 60 men in the
waist and forecastle. On approaching New Orleans
there are some settlements rather than cities,
although they are called by the latter title, visible
on the right hand, embowered in woods and stretch-
ing along the beach. Such are the " Mississippi
city," Pass Cagoule, and Pass Christian, &c.,—all
resorts of the inhabitants of New Orleans during
the summer heats and the epidemics which play
such havoc with life from time to time. Seen from sea
these huge hamlets look very picturesque. The de-
tached villas, of every variety of architecture, are
painted brightly and stand in gardens in the midst
of magnolias and rhododendrons, Very long and
slender piers lead far into the sea before every door,
and at the extremity of each there is a bathing box
for the inmates. The general effect of one of these
settlements, with its light domes and spires, long
lines of whitewashed railings, and houses of every
hue set in the dark green of the pines, is very pretty.
The steamer touched at two of them. There was a
motley group of coloured people on the jetty, a
few whites, of whom the males were nearly all
putf ont
li
flife board,
of and
the
place.th a t was
in uniform ; a few bales of goods were landed
°sereOur
rll
passengers
esencoguelrds
never ceased talking politics all day, except
when they were eating or drinking, for I regret
to say that they can continue to chew and to spit
while they are engaged in political discussion.
Some were rude provincials in uniform; One was
an acquaintance from the far East, who had been a
lieutenant on board the Minnesota, and had resigned
his commission in order to take service under the
Confederate flag. The fiercest among them all was
a thin little lady, who uttered certain energetic as-
pirations for the possession of portions of Mr. Lin-
coln's person, and who was kind enough to express
intense satisfaction at the intelligence that there was
smallpox among the garrison at Monroe. In the
evening a little difficulty occurred among some of
the military gentlemen, during which one of the
logicians drew a revolver and presented it at the
head of the gentleman who was opposed to his pe-
culiar views, but I am happy to say that an arrange-
ment, to which I was an unwilling party, for the
row took place within a yard of me, was entered
into for a fight to come off on shore in two days
after they landed, which led to the postponement
of immediate murder.

The entrance to Pontchartrain Lake is infamous
for the abundance of its mosquitoes, and it was
with no small satisfaction that we experienced a
small tornado, a thunderstorm, and a breeze of
wind, which saved us from their fury. It is a dis-
mal canal through a swamp. At daylight the vessel
lay alongside a wharf surrounded by small boats
and bathing stations. A railway shed receives us
on shore, and a train is soon ready to start for the
city, which is six miles distant. For a few hundred
yards the line passes between wooden houses, used
as restaurants, or " restaurats," as they are called
hereaway, kept by people with French names and
using the French tongue ; then the rail plunges
through a swamp, dense as an Indian jungle, and
with the overflowings of the Mississippi creeping
in feeble shallow currents over the black mud.
Presently the spires of churches are seen rising
above the underwood and rushes. Then we come
out on a wide marshy plain, in which flocks of
cattle, up to the belly in mud, are floundering to
get at the rich herbage on the unbroken surface.
Next comes a wide-spread suburb of exceedingly
broad lanes, lined with small one-storied houses.
The inhabitants are pale, lean, and sickly, and there
is about the men a certain look, almost peculiar to
the fishy fleshy populations of Levantine towns,
which. I cannot describe, but which exists all along
the Mediterranean seaboard, and crops out here
again. The drive through badly-paved streets
enables
civilizationus teoh suete
Ntehwa t
cot hr
leereen
ei. s a nTair
sot fr
eFrench
ete ere
wisely adapted to the situation ; they are not so
wide as to permit the sun to have it all its own way
from rising to setting. The shops are " magasins ;"
cafes abound. The coloured population looks well
dressed, and is going to mass or market in the
early
then
nm
uniform,
reni
i f
eng
rm.
iTehe pavements
iwh ieh ,the a
taste
re crowded
ef
Francewith
is
generally followed. The carriage stops at last, and
rest comes gratefully after the stormy night, the
mosquitoes, " the noise of the captains" (at the bar),
and the shouting.

MAY 22.

The prevalence of the war spirit here is in every-
thing somewhat exaggerated by the fervour of
and the violence of popular opinion
of the mass are as potent as in any
and Gallic
th
eco rtiygri
ann, n y
place in the South. The great house of Brown
Brothers, of LiTorpool and New York, hag clQfied

its business here in consequence of the intimidation
of the mob, or, as the phrase is, of the " citizens,"
who were " excited" by seeing that the firm
had subscribed to the New York fund, on its
sudden resurrection .after Fort Sumter had fallen.
Some other houses are about to puraue the
same course, all large business transactions are
over for the season, and the migratnry popu-
lation which comes here to trade. has taken
wing much earlier than usual. But the streets
are full of " Turcos" and "Zouaves," and " Chas-
seurs ;" the tailors are busy night and day on
uniforms ; the walls are covered with placards for
recruits, the semstresses are sewing flags, the ladies
are carding lint, and stitching cartridge bags.
The newspapers are crowded with advertisements
relating to the formation of new companies
of Volunteers and the election of officers.
There are Pickwick Rifles, Lafayette, Beauregard,
Irish, German, Scotch, Italian, Spanish, Cres-
cent, McMahon—innumerable—Rifle Volunteers of
1
all names and nationalities, and the 'Mee er Rifles,
indignant with " that valiant son of Ma " because
he has drawn his sword for the Nort have re-
baptized themselves, and are going to leek glory
under a more auspicious nomenclature. About New
Orleans I shall have more to say when I see more
of it. At present it looks very like an outlying
suburb of Chalons when the Grand Cap is at its
highest military development, although the ther-
mometer is rising gradually, and °bikes one to
know occasionally that it can be 95 deg. in the
shade already. In the course of journevings south-
ward I have failed to find much evidence that there
is any apprehension on the part of the planters of a
servile-insurrection, or that the glaves-,?ttrO taking
much interest in the coming contest, or now what
it is about. But I have my suspicionethat all is
not right ; paragraphs meet the eye, and odd sen-
tences strike the ear, and little facts here and there
come to the knowledge which arouse curiosity and
doubt. There is one stereotyped phrase which I am
tired of :—" Our negroes, sir, are the happiest, the
most contented, and the best off of any people in
the world."

The violence and reiterancy of this formula cause
one to inquire whether anything which demands
such insistence is really in the condition predicated,
and, for myself, I always say, "It may be so, but as
yet Ido not see the proof of it. The negroes do not
look to be what you say they are:" Far the present
that is enough as to one's own opinions. Externally
the paragraphs which attract attention, and the
acts of the authorities are inconsistent with the
notion that the negroes are all very' good, very
happy, or at all contented, not to speck of their
being in the superlative condition of enjoyment
and, as I only see them as yet in the most
superficial way, and under the most favourable
circumstance, it may be that when the cotton-
picking season is at its height, and it lasts
for several months, when the laboiir is con-
tinuous from sunrise to sunset, there is less
reason to accept the assertions as so largely and
generally true of the vast majority of the slaves.
" There is an excellent gentleman over there," said
a friend to me, " who gives his overseers a premium
of 10 doll. on the birth of every child on his plan-
tation." "Why so ?" " Oh, in order that the
overseers may not work the women in the family-
way overmuch." There is little use in this part
of the world in making use of inferences. But
where overseers do not get the premium it may be
supposed they do work the pregnant women too
much. Here are two paragraphs which do not
look very well as they stand :
" These negroes who were taken with a sudden leaving
on Sunday night last will save the country the expenses of
their burial if they keep dark from these parts. They and
other of the breden' will not be permitted to express them-
selves quite so freely in regard to their bra.sgadocio designs
upon virtue in the absence of Volunteers.— Wilmington
(Clintock county, Ohio) Watchman (Reptblican)."
" Served Him Right.—One day last weak some coloured
individual, living near South Plymouth, made a threat
that, in case a civil war should occur, he would be one to
ravish the wife of every democrat, and help to murder their
offspring and wash his hands in their blood.' For this
diabolical assertion he was hauled up Wore a committee
of white citizens, who adjudged him forty stripes on his
naked back. He was accordingly stripped, and the lashes
were laid on with such a good will that blood flowed at the
end of the castigation.— Washington (Fayette county,
Ohio) Register. (Neutral)."
It is reported that the patrols are strengthened,
and I could not help hearing a charming young
lady say to another the other evening that " she
would not be afraid to go back to the plantation,
though Mrs. Brown Jones said she was afraid her
negroes were after mischief."
There is a great scarcity of powder, which is one
of the reasons perhaps why it has not yet been ex-
pended as largely as might be expected from the
tone and temper on both sides. There is no sul-
phur in the States—nitre and charcoal abound.
The sea is open to the North. There is no great
overplus of money on either side. In Missouri, the
interest on the State debt due in July will be used
to procure arms for the State volunteers to carry on
the war. The South is preparing for the struggle
by sowing a most unusual quantity of grain, and in
many fields corn and maize have been planted in-
stead of cotton. " Stay laws," by which all incon-
veniences arising from the usual dull, old-fashioned
relations between debtor and creditor are avoided (at
least by the debtor) have been adopted in most of the
Seceding States. How is it that the State Legisla-
ture seems to be in the hands of the debtors, and
not of the creditors ?

There are some who cling to the idea that there
will be no war after all, but no one believes that the
South will ever go back of its own free will, and the
only reason that can be given for those who hope
rather than think in that way is to be found in the
faith that the North will accept some mediation, and
will let the South go in peace. But could there—
can there be peace ? The frontier question—the a
in ad-
justment of various claims—the demands for in-
demnity; or for privileges or exemptions, the
present state of feeling, can have bit one result.
The task of mediation is sure to be as thankless as
abortive. Assuredly the proferred service of Eng-
land would, on one side at least, be received with
something like insult. Nothing but adversity can
teach these people its ow n most useful lessons.
Material prosperity has puffed up the citizens to an
unwholesome state. The toils and sacrifices of the
Old World have been taken by them as their birth-
right, and they have accepted the fruits of all that
the science, genius, suffering, and trials of mankind
in time past have wrought out, perfected, and won
as their own peculiar inheritance, while they have
ignorantly rejected the advice and scorned the les-
sons with which these were accompanied.

- MAY 23.
The Congress at Montgomery, having sat with
closed doors almost since it met, has now adjourned.
till July the 20th, when it will reassemble at Rich-
mond, in Virginia, which is thus designated, for the
time, capital of the Confederate States of America.
Richmond, the principal city of the old dominion, is
about 100 miles in a straight line south by west of
Washington. The rival capitals will thus be in very
close proximity by rail and by -steam, by land and
by water. The movement is significant. It will
tend to hasten a collision between the forces which
are collected on the opposite shores of the Potomac.
Hitherto Mr. Jefferson Davis has not evinced all
the sagacity and energy, in a military sense, which
he is said to possess. It was bad strategy to menace
Washington before he csuld act. His Secretary of
War, Mr. Walker, many weeks ago, in a public
speech, announced his intention of marching upon
the capital. If it was meant to do so the blow
should have been struck silently. If it was not
intended to seize upon Washington, the threat had
a very disastrous effect on the South, as it excited
the North to immediate action, and caused General
Scott to concentrate his troops on points which pre-
sent many advantages in the face of any operations
which may be considered necessary along the lines
either of defence or attack. The movement against
the Norfolk Navy Yard strengthened Fortress Mon-
roe, and the Potomac and Chesapeake were secured
to the United States. The fortified ports held by the
Virginians and the Confederate States troops are
not of much value as long as the streams are com-
manded by the enemy's steamers ; and Gen. Scott
has shown that he has not outlived either his repu-
tation or his vigour by the steps,_ at once wise and
rapid, he has taken to curb the malcontents in
Maryland, and to open his communications through
the city of Baltimore. Although immense levies of
men may be got together on both sides for purposes
of local defence or for State operations, it seems to
me that it will be very difficult to move these masses
in regular armies. The men are not disposed for
regular lengthened service, and there is an utter
want of field trails, equipment, and commissariat,
which cannot be made good in a day, a week, or a
month.

passed A
ct
to
by t he Montgomery Congress,
Raise an Additional Military
Force to serve during the War," is, in fact, a mea-
sure to put into the hands of the Government the
control of irregular bodies of men, and to bind them
to regular military service. With all their zeal the
people of the South will not enlist. They detest
enTtihtleedbi,l , 1 A
the recruiting sergeant, and Mr. Davis knows

enough of war to feel hesitation iu trusting himself
in the field to volunteers. The bill authorises Mr.
Davis to accept volunteers who may offer their ser-
vices, without regard to the place of enlistment,
" to serve during the war unless sooner discharged."
They may be accepted in companies, but Mr. Davis
is to organise them into squadrons, battalions, or re-
giments, and the appointment of field and staff offi-
cers is reserved especially to him. The company
officers are to be elected by the men of the com-
pany, but here again Mr. Davis reserves to himself
the right to veto, and will only commission those
officers whose election he approves.
The absence of cavalry and the deficiency of
artillery may prevent either side obtaining any very
decisive results in one engagement, but no doubt
there will be great loss whenever these large masses
of men are fairly opposed to each other in the field.
Of the character of the Northern regiments I can
say nothing from actual observation, nor have I
yet seen in any place such a considerable number
of the troops of the Confederate States moving to-
gether as would justify me in expressing any opinion
with regard to their capacity for organised move-
ments such as regular troops in Europe are expected
to perform. An intelligent and trustworthy ob-
server, taking one of the New York State Militia
regiments as a fair specimen of the battalions
which will fight for the United States, gives an
account of them which leads me to the conclusion
that such regiments are much superior when fur-
nished by the country districts to those raised in
the towns and cities. It appears in this case, at
least, that the members of the regular Militia com-
panies in general send substitutes to the ranks.
Ten of these companies form the regiment, and,
in nearly every instance, they have been doubled
in strength by volunteers. Their drill is ex-
ceedingly incomplete, and in forming the com-
panies there is a tendency for the different
nationalities to keep themselves together. In the
regiment in question the rank and file often con-
sists of quarry-men, mechanics, and canal boatmen,
mountaineers from the Catskill, bark peelers, and
timber cutters—ungainly, square-built, powerful
fellows, with a Dutch tenacity of purpose crossed
with an English indifference to danger. There is
no drunkenness and no desertion among them.
The officers are almost as ignorant of military train-
ing as their men. The colonel, for instance, is the
son of a rich man in his district, well educated, and
a man of travel. Another officer is a shipmaster. A
third is an artist ; others are merchants and law-
yers, and they are all busy studying " Hardie's
Tactics," the best book for infantry drill in the
United States. The men have come out to fight for
what they consider the cause of the country, and
are said to have no particular hatred of the South or
of its inhabitants, though they think they are " a
darned deal too high and mighty, and require to be
wiped down considerably." They have no notion
as to the length of time for which their services
will be required, and I am assured that not one of
them has asked what his pay is to be.
Reverting to Montgomery, one may say without
offence that its claims to be the capital of a Republic
which asserts that it is the richest and believes that
it will be the strongest in the world are not by any
means evident to a stranger. Its central position,
which has reference rather to a map than to the
hard face of matter, procured for it a distinction to
which it had no other claim. The accommodations
which suited the modest wants of a State Legisla-
ture vanished or were transmuted into barbarous
inconveniences by the pressure of a Central Govern-
ment, with its offices, its departments, and the vast
crowd of applicants which flocked thither to pick up
such crumbs of comfort as could be spared from the
Executive table. Never shall 1 forget the dismay of
myself and of the friends who were travelling with
me on our arrival at the Exchange Hotel under cir-
cumstances with some of which you are already
acquainted. With us were men of high position,
members of Congress, senators, ex-governors, and
Gen. Beauregard himself. But to no one was greater
accommodation extended than could be furnished
by a room held, under a sort of ryot-warree tenure,
in common with a community of strangers. My
room was shown to me. It contained four large
fourpost beds, a ricketty table, and some chairs of
infirm purpose and fundamental unsoundness. The
floor was carpetless, covered with litter of paper
and ends of cigars, and stained with tobacco juice.
The broken glass of the window afforded no un-
grateful means of ventilation. One gentleman sat in
his shirt sleeves at the table reading the account of
the marshalling of the Highlander s at Edinburgh
in the Abbotsford edition of Sir Walter Scott;
another, who had been wearied, apparently, by
writing numerous applications to the Government
for some military post, of which rough copies lay
scattered around, came in, after refreshing himself
at the bar, and occupied one of the beds, which, by
the bye, were ominiously provided with two pillows
apiece. Supper there was none for us in the house,
but a search in an outlying street enabled us to dis-
cover a restaurant, where roasted squirrels and
baked opossums figured as luxuries in the bill of
fare. On cur return we found that due preparation
had been made in the apartment by the addition
of three mattresses on the floor. The beds were
andown
asnt
na
rt ee sd mi
ne nf r
enndd wl
ya
concertrr ors, atni
omd
wc
aoc
morning.
l ne
agdln. bmy
Gb
eue
strangers judge of them by their hotels, but it is a
rnnektdlnemen in the South complain that
very natural standard for strangers to adopt, and in
respect to Montgomery it is almost the only one
that a gentleman can conveniently use, for if the
inhabitants of this city and its vicinity are not
maligned, there is an absence of the hospitable
spirit which the South lays claim to as one of its
animating principles, and a little bird whispered to
me that from Mr. Jefferson Davis down to the
least distinguished member of his Government there
was reason to observe that the usual attentions and
civilities offered by residents to illustrious strangers
had been " conspicuous for their absence." The
fact is, that the small planters who constitute the
majority of the landowners are not in a position to
act the Amphytrion, and that the inhabitants of
the district can scarcely aspire to be considered
what we would call gentry in England, but are a
frugal, simple, hog and hominy living people, fond
of hard work and, occasionally, of hard drinking.

THE NORTHERN STATES.
(FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.)

NEW YORK, JUNE 5.

No great change has taken place in the military
positions of the two forces since my last letter.
New troops continue to arrive in Washington, and
we suppose that the same thing is taking place in
the South, but on this point I cannot pretend to
give you reliable information. During the week a
number of regiments enlisted for the war have gone
from New York ; amongst others a regiment of
naturalised citizens from the Continent, organised
in companies according to their nationalities. They
are a good-looking body of men, though many of
them are undersized, and will undoubtedly make
an efficient regiment, as many of them have seen
active service in the revolutionary wars of the Con-
tinent. I happened to meet them as they marched
down Broadway to the steamer, and was much
struck with an order that was passed along the
column. The order came from the colonel in Eng-
lish, it was taken up by the first captain in German,
the second did the same, the third gave it in
French, the fourth again in German, the fifth in
Italian, and the sixth repetition, a polyglott friend
at my elbow said, was done in Polish, but for this
I won't vouch. But this I will stand sponsor for—
that the regiment is made up of enough nationali-
ties to ensure certain destruction by all present
theories of continental politics. Yet I venture to
predict that it will live through the war, and gain
distinction if it gets into battle.

Although the military movements are kept a
strict military secret, I think I have authority for
saying to you that General Butler does not intend
to attack the Sewall's Point batteries or to trouble
Norfolk. Instead of that he will probably intrench
himself between James and York rivers and co-
operate there with any forces that may hereafter
be sent from Washington against Richmond. The
fugitive slaves from that part of Virginia are
already overrunning his camp, and he has been
obliged to apply to Washington for instructions.
The newspapers that went out by the last packet
took these instructions to you. They were prepared
by Mr. Seward, and are understood to be the most
moderate expression of the feelings of the Cabinet
on the subject. They authorise him to retain the
fugitives as contraband of war. I understand that
Mr. Chase and those members of the Cabinet who
agree with him are willing to take stronger ground
than these instructions.
The Administration will aim to make the coming
session of Congress as short as possible. The five- i
minute rule will probably be adopted at the start.
The leaders of the party haye not yet decided

whether to advocate open or secret sessions ; but 1
suspect that the people and the .press will cry out
for the former. The prominent candidates for the
Speakership will be Mr. Grow, of Pen nslyvania, and
Mr. Blair, of Missouri. Grow has the advantage
of long experience in Congress and great knowledge
of business; the latter is strong as coming from a
slave State, as having at some personal risk done
very efficient duty in securing that State to the
Union, and as belonging to an influential family.
The purpose of the Government not to go south
this summer appears to be unchanged, except that
attempts will probably be made to occupy Rich-
mond and Memphis. If these two can be secured,
they will await the autumn before going further.
The Southern Government is evidently acting on
the supposition that such is their intention, and
have placed Mr. Davis in Richmond with his Ca-
binet, to inspire confidence at that point, and have
commissioned General Beaureguard to attend to the
defences of Memphis. There are various surmises
as to the probable operations 'in the autumn. One
is that a large force will be assembled on the fron-
tier to occupy any probable army that the South
will be able to collect together, and that meanwhile
forces will be despatched by steam transports to
open and occupy one or more of theblockaded ports,
so that an avenue may be established both for the
entry of foreign goods and the exit of cotton, under
the directions:of the revenue officers of the United
States. I have reason to believe that this plan has
received a favourable consideration.
The troops for the present campaign have been
arriving at Washington at the rate of about 1,000
a-day, and it is probable that the advance upon
Manassas Gap will be made before long; that time
depends, however, upon the movements of General
M'Lelland and General Patterson upon Harper's
Ferry and the counter movements of General John-
ston. Thus far General M'Lelland has acted with
great celerity and success. By a forced night march
of loyal Virginian troops he surprised and com-
pletely broke up a camp of the rebels.
The entrenchments on the Virginia side of the
Potomac, opposite Washington, are now completed.
My regular Washington correspondent writes under
date of June Ist, that " the principal works are
two tetes de
_pont at the head of and half a mile from
the Long-bridge at Washington and the Aqueduct-
bridge at Georgetown. The former is a bastion with
retreating angles, 2,500 feet long, with double em-
bankments, and a ditch 10 feetdeep. A coves makes
in behind it from the marsh, which extends from
the bridge to the foot of the first rising ground.
The other work is similar to this, and of about the
same size. The hills at Alexandria are well fortified
towards the interior, and the lines of the intrench-
meats extend to the right of the town several hun-
dred feet. Beyond the aqueduct there are entrench-
ments on the summit." These works on the Virginia
side of the river are occupied by about 13,000
troops. The slope on the Washington side of the
intrenchment is occupied by a New Jersey Regi-
ment. Three more New Jersey Regiments are sta-
tioned beyond, towards Alexandria on both sides of
the road. Alexandria is occupied by the Michigan
Regiment and the Pennsylvania sth. The New York
Firemen Zouaves are stationed about a mile beyond
Alexandria. The 69th New York Regiment is sta-
tioned at the Georgetown intrenchment, the New
York Bth at Arlington louse (General M'Dowell's
head-quarters), and the New York sth and the
Brooklyn 28th beyond Arlington-house, with which
communication is kept up by an artillery roadcon-
structed through the woods. The country there is
undulating and woody, with bridle-paths intersect-
ing it for two miles up the river from Arlington-
house. These details may interest some readers,
but the position of these regiments will not be long
maintained, as the onward movement is speedily
looked for. Mr. Davis is undoubtedly concentrat-
ing all his force in Virginia, with a view to
outnumber General Scott at the beginning, if
possible, and of gaining the prestige of a victory.
We have "no means of knowing his exact force.
From all the information I can gather I think he
has not less than 50,000 or 60,000 effective men
under him in the various parts of Virginia—the
larger part stationed at Harper's Ferry, Manassas
Gap, and Richmond. General Scott has about
35,000 at Washington, 10,000 at Fort Munroe,
5,000 in and about Baltimore, 10,000 in and on the
frontier of Western Virginia, and 10,000 threaten-
ing Harper's Ferry from Pennsylvania. In addition
to this, troops are every day going on from here,
and before many days Virginia will be threatened
by an army of 100,000 men.
The-blockade is now established at Mobile and
New Orleans. The Mobile Advertiser of the 28th
ult. says
:
"About 11 o'clock yesterday morning a large steamer
appeared and took her position to command the ship chan-
nel entrance of the bay, coming to about seven miles, more
or less, off Fort Morgan."

And the New Orleans .Delta of the 29th of May con-
tains the following notice of the blockade of that
port, which must be taken with all due allow-
ances :

"The United States' steamer Brooklyn, Captain Poore,
having notified the authorities at the Belize that a strict
blockade of the mouth of the river had been ordered, and
that he was on hand to render the blockade effective, was
boarded yesterday under a flag of truce by the captains of
several British and French vessels now on the bar, and
Captain Poore was asked if he intended to prevent the de-
parture of the vessels then on the bar belonging to English
and French owners and loaded with freight for foreign
ports. Poore declared that he should certainly prevent
their departure or seize them if they attempted to run the
blockade. As their ships are all heavily loaded with valu-
able cargoes, including 2,000 hhds. of tobacco shipped by
the French Consul on account of the French Government,
and several hundred on account of Rothschilda and other
foreign houses, such a decision naturallyproduced consider-
able excitement in this city. The British and French Con-
suls took the matter in hand, and by telegraph caused Cap-
tain Poore to understand that they would not permit such
nonsense, and that the British and French squadrons would
be here in a few days to protect the interests of their Go-
vernments. The latest news from the Belize was that Poore
had backed down and the ships are all going out. The Bri-
tish and French merchants in this city, who are largely
engaged in our trade, will demand the protection of their
Governments, and it is hoped both by them and our
own citizens, as all the trade we have or intend to have is
with their ports, that their fleets will speedily appear in the
Gulf."

I had made a number of similar extracts from
Southern papers, with a view of forwarding them
in lieu of a letter, under the belief that when
strung together they would be more interesting
than anything from this quieter part of the coun-
try. This letter has, however, run out to such an
unexpected length, that I have room only for the
Virginian account of the blockade of the Chesa-
peake, and for the account of President Davis's
tour to the North. The former comes from the
Richmond Examiner of the 25th of May :

Our readers have been long since placed is possession
of the fact that Stringham and Pendergrast are night and
day cruising near the mouths of our principal rivers, not
only endeavouring to effect a complete blockade of our ports
but are constantly seizing, searching and detaining every
kind of water craft, from an oyster craft to the largest
importing vessel. Nothing goes amiss with these men.
Everything which they can catch is contraband. Soft
crabs, sheepheads, pig fish, green peas, and strawberries
are all mercilessly confiscated as Minie rifles, ammunition,
breadstuffs, and bombshells. The insolence of the enemy
on land is also as unendurable as it is on the water. On
the great route of travel between Baltimore and the South,
baggage-smashing' is a regular occupation of the enemy.
They open everything, from private letters to the most
harmless packages. They declare anything and everything
to be contraband. This system of disguised piracy and high-
way robbery, it seems, has thus far been met by the Virginia
authorities with that Christian meekness which recom-
mends the offer of both cheeks to the enemy. Stringham,
Pendergrast, and Butler seize everything, from ships and
strangers to love letters and rat traps ; we permit contra-
band of the most dangerous character to escape. We learn
that a few days ago there was a large, well-built Yankee
vessel lying near the mouth of the Pamunkey River, loaded
with the best of ship-building materials. The vessel itself
would have been a most valuable accession to our navy,
while its cargo would have furnished the necessary material
for the construction of several good vessels. The officer in
command at West Point, knowing that Pendergrast and
Company were seizing every Virginia and Southern vessel
which they could overhaul, determined that the Yankee
vessel on the Pamunkey should not escape. He therefore
directed its seizure, and his orders were promptly executed.
The seizure was right and proper, and should be feilow etod
by many others. It was an act of discourtesy, however,_
ow,
the enemy, which the company for taking care of Dus
lost no time in redressing. Orders from Richmendonea
oecl
the vessel to bo released, and the Yankees went on
sound.m
way rejoicing, with ship and ship timber
and Stringham to allow to pass.
They app, _
Baboon, paid the owners
The prize, however, was too valuable a one-foreorperinadteerthsat
cargo to the use of the navy of the Ba
as to the condition
for it, pumped out of the Yankee
latest and most reliable informationden building f
our defences on York River, an
d fsour enemies '
ma-
terial to the nearest navy yin'
orip is taken from the
captain and his crewthoe
tom:—bs of Georgia,
-Richmond Inquirer o
accompanied by his aid, Colonel Wig_owing to pre-
vious The account of Mr. Davis'ss
fall, and lady, and b
cars on Sunday evening last. They
ristodbaeyrtlTaso
President Montgomery
Davis,
y
by the f.iil'ohnu.
left
of the President, it inaidisstpoopspinagone on the route, and,
wasdesirable
Richmond should be as private as practice.
that his trip to
ma d e nosevsopr
ee special
He. At each station his friends endeavoured to convey
this informaNtioon
miouttthere cwihtizereens,thbeut
eiatrswassterpepaeldly, to nee
purpose.
though it was only for wood or for water, throngs of men,
women, and children would g'ather around the cars, asking,
in loud shouts, Where is President Davis ?" Jeff. Davis,
the old hero 1' and he was forced to make his appe
hand-
earance,
and frequently to address them. Even we could -se
kerchiefs waving, and gay flags and bouquets. When the
flute-like voice of Davis arose upon the air, hushed to still-
ness by the profound respect of his auditors, it was not long
before there was an outburst of feeling which gave vent in a
tomtio of voices; these would break forth in constant puce

cession to the end of his address. Every senti•.
seemed to well up from his heart, and was recei ma* owl
ildest enthusiasm. When Irr concluded three heart tithesse
were sent up from the multitude. The crowd then shouted
for Wigfall, and no excuse was tolerated. In vain he would
seek sons° remote part of the cars; the crowd hunted him
up, and the welkin rang with rejoicings as he addressed
them in his emphatic and fervent style of oratory. Next
would be heard a cry for "Tuombs He, too, sought ttp
avoid the call, Toonibs !" Toombs !' and the sturdy Geoxs
gian statesman hail to respond. Ills frank and open manlier
came home to the hear to of all. Whether in his own Staie,
in South. Carolina, in Alabama, or North Carolina, ' Bib
Toombs,' as they familiarly call him in Georgia, was alwslzs
welcome when he addressed the people. In Atalanta, Au-
eusta, Wilmington, and Goldsborough, the crowds assem-
bled were very large, and the enthusiasm unbounded. At
Goldensborough, while partaking of his supper in the hall
of the hotel, the table was thronged with beautiful girls,
and many were bedecking him with garlands of flowers,
while others fanned him. It was a most interesting occa-
sion. The military had formed into squares to receive him
from the cars, guns were fired, and the bands struck up in-
spiriting martial airs during the interval of supper. The
whole country is a camp. On every hand we see soldiers;
and everyday the cars are crowded with them. From appear-
ances, they are the flower of the South. The journey of Pre-
sident Davis from Montgomery to the capital was one conti-
nuous ovation. The whole soul of the South is in this war;
and the confidence manifested in our President, in the
many scenes which transpired on this trip, shows that the
mantle of Washington falls gracefully upon his shoulders.
Never were a people more enraptured with their chief ma-
gistrate than ours are with President Davis, and' the trip
from Montgomery to Richmond will ever be remembered
with delight by all who witnessed it. The eagerness of
young and old of all classes to catch a glimpse of him, or
take him by the hand, is beyond description. The trip has
infused a martial feeling in our people that knows no bounds.
While however there is a rush to the battlefield in our older
States, which threatens to fill up all the ranks in our army,
we must have a thought for the far distant West, and give
our young sister States an opportunity to unite their names
in the history of our war on the borders of Virginia. The
President and suite were welcomed to Virginia by a depu-
tation of the Governor of the State and the Mayor of Rich-
mond. These gentlemen reached the party at Petersburg,
and accompanied them to the city.
"At about half-past 5 o'clock President Davis, accompa-
nied by a cortege on horseback, left his quarters at tho Spots-
wood-house, and proceeded to the New Fair-grounds. Here
a large number of ladies and gentlemen had assembled, and
on his arrival greeted him with the heartiest demonstra-
tions of pleasure. On leaving his saddle the President was
surrounded' by an eager crowd of soldiers and civilians,
whom he indulged by a hand-shaking performance, until
the pressor,. became so gr,. compelled to re-
tire to the &doom, of the Execut lent, where, is
response to the demandg Of the assets s delivered the
following brief and pertinent speech . Friends and
Fellow Citizen;—l am deeply impressed the kindness
of your manifestations. I look upon you ..he last, best
hope of liberty; and in our liberty alone is our constitu-
tional government to be preserved. Upon your strong righ
arm depends the success of our country, and, in asserting
the birthright to which you were born, you are to remem-
ber that life and blood are nothing as compared with the
immense interests you have at stake. (Cheers.) It may
be that you have not long been trained—that you have
much to learn of the art of war ; but I know that them
beats in the breasts of Southern sons a determl.
nation never to surrender—a determination never to go
home but to tell a tale of honour. (Cries of 'Never,' and
and applause.) Though great may be the disparity of num-
bers, give us a fair field and a free fight and the Southern
banner will float in triumph everywhere. (Cheers.) The
country relies upon you. Upon you rest the hopes of our
heople ; and I have only to say, my friends, that to the last
breath of my life I am wholly your own. (Tremendous
cheers.)
" President Davis then retired from the balcony. Sena-
tor Wigfall, Governor Letcher, and Mayor Mayo followed
with brief speeches, in response to the calls of the crowd,
after which the President and suite proceeded to the ad-
joining parade-ground, where a review of the troops took
place."

An important conflict, and one much to be re-
gretted, has arisen in Baltimore between the mili-
tary authorities and.the Chief Justice of the United
States. The General in command at Fort M'Henry
arrested, under instructions' a prominent citizen of
Baltimore, and removed him to the Fort. The
Chief Justice, to whom his friends made application
for a writ of habeas corpus, hurried to Baltimore
for the purpose of issuing one. Gen. Cadwallader
refused to produce the prisoner, on the ground that
the habeas corpus was suspended, upon which a.
warrant was issued for the arrest of the General for
contempt. The sentry at the door of the fort refused
the marshal admittance. The Chief Justice then
wrote a long opinion, denying the right of the
President to suspend the writ, and putting the
case in a way to excite the already embittered feel-
ings of the people of Baltimore. Where the Chief
Justice, a Southerner, and the Attorney-General,
also a Southerner, disagree as to the limits of the
powers of the President in time of rebellion, lay-
men may claim the right to make up their minds for
themselves. We have at present only the state-
ment of facts as made by the Chief Justice in his
opinion. From this, however, we glean that the
offence for which Mr. Merriman has been made el
prisoner of war is not known ; and, if it should turn
out that General Cadwallader has information that
he was acting with the enemy and counselling the
means of attacking the force under General Cad-
wallader's command, it is not easy to see why he
should not be arrested, and held as a prisoner of
war, not subject to release by civil process. In the
time of such a rebellion as this, the act of the Mili-
tary Department in a country which has just beer,.
subdued, which is still held by force, and which
sympathises actively with the rebels, ought not to
be measured by the same criticism that would be
applied to it in time of peace.
We have at last authentic accounts of the posi-
tion of General Houston in Texas. He is for the
South unequivocally, although condemning the re-
volution as unnecessary.

EXPORTATION OF COTTON FROII THE
SOUTHERN STATES.

The Confederate States have passed the following
act prohibiting the exportation of cotton through
the Southern seaports :-
44 Sec. 1. The Congress of the Confederate States of Ame-
rica do enact that from and after the Ist day of June next,
and during the existence of the blockade of any of the ports
of the Confederates of America by the Government of the
United States, it shall not be lawful for any person to ex-
port any raw cotton or cotton yarn from the Confederate
States of America except through the seaports of said States,
and it shall be the duty of all the marshals and revenue
officers of the said Confederate States to prevent all viola-
tions of this act.

" Sec. 2. If any person shall violate or attempt to evade
the provisions of the foregoing section, he shall forfeit all
the cotton or cotton yarn thus attempted to be illegally ex-
ported for the use of the Confederate States, and, in addition
thereto, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and en con-
viction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding 5,000
dollars, or else imprisoned in some public gaol fora period
not exceeding 6 months, at the discretion of the court, after
a conviction upon trial by a court of competent jurisdiction.
" Sec. 3. Allows any person giving information as to
violating the act half of the proceeds.
"Sec. 4. Any justice of the peace, on information under
oath from any person of a violation or attempt to violate the
act, may issue his warrant, and cause the cotto a or cotton
yarn specified in affidavit to be seized and retain ad until an
investigation can be had before the Court of ti le Confede-
rate States.

" Sec. 5. Every steamboat or railroad car whiich shall bo
used with the consent of the owner, or person having the
same in charge, for the purpose of violating tb Le act, shall
be forfeited in like manner to the use of the Confederate
States. But nothing in this act shall be so ( )onstrued as
to prohibit the exportations to Mexico through, its conter-
minous frontier."