The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-26 00:00:00

E

F 0 IL D,

6, OXFORD-STREET.

The architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and
brilliancy of lighting of this noble building, render it one of
the ,ds,•-hts of London. Open Every Evening. The pro-
gramme is varied, and includes Seleetiqng from " T.a Trn-
viat+," "Un Ballo in Maschera," &c., (by a full company of
principals, powerful band. and chorus). Solos by Miss Bryant
en the Piano Forte, and by Mr. Russell on the Trombone.
Old English Ballad, by Miss Green, -4cotch Duets by the
Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music of the
highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic
portion of the entertainment is supported by Messrs. M. P.
Foster (in his " Life Sketches"), Sam Collins, Harvey, and
French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall,
sixpence ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes,
105. ed.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAL—Morning, sh. Sm.—Afternoon, :sh. 24m,
To-monnovr.-Morning, sh. 40m.—Afternoon, sh. 26m,

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 25, 1661.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADS.
67—highest since noon yesterday.
50—lowest this morning and during the night.
65 —this day at noon.

BAnomErzu-30.25.
WlND—West-North-Westerly—moderate ; with fine
weather, but cloudy.

Ar GUST 26.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
69—highest since noon yesterday.
d6—iowest tnis morning and during the night.
66—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-30.28.
WIXD-W.-N.-W.-light, with cloudy weather, but
fine,

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THE SUN.
LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 26, 1861.

The second defeat of the Federalists turns out to
ba something much more like a victory. There was
no running away for one thing; for another the
Federal troops destroyed the enemy's tents and bag-
gage, and occupied their encampment at night ;
again they carried off ninety prisoners; and at last,
as their force was originally but 8,000 against
23,000, they retreated in perfect good order, falling
back on the terminus of the Pacific Railway. If
they had to leave one gun, for what reason is not
mentioned, they brought away with them many
trophies, and if, in heading a charge, after one
horse had been shot under him, the brave Gen. LION
fell as became a soldier, the rebels also lost two of their
generals, and from the accounts of their prisoners
suffered severely.
It shows, however, that in the great border State
of the far West, the Confederates can muster very
strong. The muster-roll of the Confederates was
amongst the things taken from them, and by that
it appeared that the army was composed of regi-
ments from almost all the rebel States of the West
and South. By the last mail we were told that Gene-
ral PILLOW w..E; boasting of hip intention to attack
• Cairo and St. Louis, and to expel the Northerns ;
and naturally when the telegram of this battle
arrived, we supposed it must have been
his army which gained the victory. Singularly
enough, however, we hear not a word about him
now, but a tleneral M'Cunocu, who was killed,
appears as the leader of the Confederates, while
Colonel Fat:we:AT was at St. Louis, which was
thought to be perfectly _
sate. Unless, however, Mr.
Lir coLIT can spars reinforcements, it seems likely
that the Rebels will outnumber the Federalists in
missouri, and the result of the former being the
stronger there would be to open the Mississippi
further northward to the Confederates.
It will be seen that the New York. Herald states
that GARJBALDI's offer to serve in America has
been accepted, and that be is to have the rank of
M probability but a canard;
If General. It is in all
vre hope Europe cannot t,pire him for long, Ran.

gap'', Rome, and Venetia have a 11.19 beaealt with
yet. GARIBALDI may, however, be able to spare an
autumn for America ; but if he went, it would surely
not be to fight for restoring Fugitive Slave laws,
and Northern co-partnership with slavery. By the
bye why does not the New Government and Legis-
lature in Missouri abolish slavery ? If Congress
cannot do it legally, a State can. We trust, however,
that the difficulties of the struggle will soon place
but one alternative before the PRESlDENT—separa-
tion, of North and South, or abolition of slavery.

We must reverse, in reference to Hungary and
Austria, the proverb that " a living dog is better than
a dead lion." Two Sovereigns' festivals have just
been celebrated within three days of each other, the
first that of the present Emperor of AUSTRIA and
hereditary King of Hungary; the second, on the
21st, that of St. STEPHEN, the great King and
patron Saint of Hungary, who was crowned just
one thousand years ago, and crowned with the
identical crown, which, but for his illegalities, the
Hungarians would by this time have placed on the
head of FRANCIS JOSEPH. The contrast between
the two celebrations was as marked as it could
be. The birthday of FRANCIS JOSEPH was com-
memorated by the Austrian garrison of Buda only;
the coronation of St. STEPHEN by the entire popu-
lation. The living Dog was treated as a dog;
the dead Lion as a lion. There was
the best reason for so doing ; for
STEPHEN, although a semi-barbarian, did
nobly for Hungary and its liberties, while
FRANCIS JOSEPH has been ill-advised enough to
trample on all her rights, toe withhold
by doingldthemw it,hen
he can certainly only injure
and thus presenting himself to the Hungarians not
only as the " living dog," in comparison with the
" dead lion," but as a dog in the manger, too.
Besides being, as M. DEAK has so conclusively
shown, so completely out of court legally and con-
stitutionally, the EMPEROR is equally so by his
own acts, and in the eye of policy, too. Fresh from
the school of Solferino, the EMPEROR, issued his
edicts for the establishment of local and Imperial
constitutionalism. He addressed Hungary sepa-
rately and based his dealings with that country on
the Pragmatic Sanction. He has felt compelled
to repeat that treaty as the foundation of his acts ;
indeed, it seemed difficult to imagine any other ;
since from that dates the accession of his line to the
throne of Hungary in the person of MARIA THERESA;
either, therefore, he must acknowledge the Prag-
matic Sanction, or acknowledge that he has no
claim to the throne, but that given him by the Czar
NICHOLAS. Too humiliating that. He elected
therefore to claim the throne not as a conqueror by
Russian arms, but in virtue of his descent from
MARIA THERESA.

But, this line once taken, he was bound to accept
all its consequences; As a man of honour, he had
no right to appeal to the Pragmatic Sanction for
his throne, and then tear off the half which pre-
scribed the conditions on which it was given him.
The Hungarians, almost too magnanimously, have
agreed to admit his de facto possession of supreme
power and his hereditary claim to the throne, but
they have the clearest right, in return, to ask of him
a legal coronation and conformity to the constitu-
tion in his government of the country. How
can Hungarians, how can any one trust the man who
will appeal to the side of a compact which is in
his favour, and violently override the other which
provides what is fair to the second party ? Any-
thing more base, anything mote entirely destroying
all confidence in word or in character we can hardly
conceive. The Emperor of AUSTRIA in truth says
—" I know no law to bind me but my sovereign
pleasure. If I convene a Diet, it is not that it
may deliberate freely as an integral part of the
Government, but that it may execute what for
politeness sake T term my requests, but which are
really my mandates, to be disobeyed, or neglected,
only at the peril of dissolution."
What a precious body must the Reichsrath be !
The EMPEROR formally tells them all his well
known doings, and these lacqueys actually thank
and praise him ! Mr. ROEBUCK, of course, has his
eye on the EMPEROR and the Reichsrath—what
can he think of them all now ? What can he think
of his blessed Austrian Constitution, when it con-
venes a Diet to which the grandis et verbosa epistola
is sent, and which must pay the same attention to
the Imperial mandate as the Roman Senate must to
one from TIBERIUS or DOMITIAN ? Is this the Con-
stitution which Mr. ROEBUCK so lauded as resem-
bling that of his own country, and as even in some
points better? What will Mr. ROEBUCK say to a
Sovereign who says to his Parliament, I sent you
my requests, you did not obey them. Yon sent me
in return demands which are inadmissible, though
I cannot deny they are legal. Therefore I dismiss
you. Is that the kind of Constitution which throws
our own into the shade ?

On the impolicy of the EMPEROR'S course,
beyond the narrow circle of Germans who in
this business are a part of himself, there
can hardly be two opinions, The EMPEROR is
now openly showing that he has no conception of
the first elements of constitutionalism at the very
moment when ho is endeavouring to persuade his
subjects and the world that he has been arranging
to give his people their share in the Government.
To prove this he overthrows the first principle of
constitutional Government by prescribing what his
Parliament shall enact. Its fundamental idea,
that of giving effect as the head of the Executive
to the clearly ascertained will of his subjects, ho
does not even seem to comprehend. In fact his
Parliament is merely convoked to give effect to
his desires. Very properly it refuses to
do so. And it will be for the loan-
mongers to consider what is their security
under a despot so ignorant or so wilful. He can-
not enjoy the credit of a constitutional Sovereign
and the pleasures of despotic rule together.
And, again, 'what can he do? He can, it may
be said, make Hungary a Venetic At present he
can, in part—but he will find 11,000,000pOuloaftiopnesoptloe
ana 2,500,000 somewhat different 13
deal with. In fact, by his present policy he will
have to collect the taxes of half his Empire by
soldiers, with the certainty that on the first attack
from without the whole concern goes to pieces.
He, and his tools the Reichsrath, make great
parade of the strength and importance of a united
monarchy; but what is the union worth which
requires but the touch of a foreign war, not to
unite, as it would in England or France, all parties,
but to prove the whole to be a House of Cards.

The advancement of Ireland appears just now to
be taken very generally and heartily into account.
Its interests are cared for by all parties alike,
whatever may be thought or said by Mr. VIN-
CENT SCULLY or ethers to the contrary. The story
of her wrongs has been dinned into our ears until
we are heartily sick of it. It is such an old story
now that it won't any more bear telling. Nou: avons
changee tout cela. Had Mr. O'CONNELL survived he
would have found some difficulty in discovering
a grievance—always excepting that one ever at
hand, and ready to break out afresh at the very ear-
liest opportunity through a collision of the conflict-
ing interests of the rival creeds. Otherwise there has
really been effected to a very considerable extent
once more a clearance of social and political ills

upon the other side St. George's Channel, only
comparable to the legendary expulsion by ST.
PATRICK'S crozier, of all the venomous reptiles
previously infesting the land. Nobody hears now
of " Repale," heaven he thanked! Its day is over.
We are not very likely to hear any more about it.
Again—" Castle Rackrent" is nowhere to be found.
Formerly it was the type—almost one might say—
of a National Institution : at any rate, of some-
thing very like one. Now it can only be read of
as one reads about the mastadon and the mega
thereum and other devouring monsters of the like
genus in the books of the geologists—just in the
same way one can only read now about " Castle
Rackrent"and so forth in such pleasant repositories of
the past as Miss MARIA EDGEWORTH'S works.
Improvidence of that systematic and wholesale kind
is no longer to be seen there in Ireland itself. It
has vanished with the change of the proprietary ;
and that change, as we all know, has been effected
under the auspices of the Encumbered Estates Act.
Something considerable has been done, too, for the
good of the people residing there in Ireland, through
the beneficent agency of the regular moving to and
fro, hither and thither, throughout the length and
breadth of the land (upon a wisely organised sys-
tem) of Mr. CHARLES BIANCONI'S cars. The ex-
tension of the yet more notable system of the rail-
ways has already done still more—promising here,
as everywhere else where it has once been intro-
duced, to do yet more and more with the lapse of
time. Nay—most lamentable and deplorable
though the diminution of the population was some
fifteen years ago by reason of the double scourge of
famine and pestilence, that dread calamity has
eventually proved in its consequence not altogether
unproductive of good. Those who were swept off
by the horrors of starvation and of a fatal epi-
demic, were precisely those who were on the
lowest round of the social ladder—those who could
least help themselves or be helped. Dreadful though
the fate that struck them down, they left, by their
very disappearance from it, a legacy of benefit to
their native land. And meanwhile, before that
mournful turning-point in the history of Ireland,
before then and (increasingly) since then, the popu-
lation of the country has been sensibly and very
considerably diminished by the effects of emigra-
tion to this colony and to that. Thousands, hun-
dreds of thousands, even it can be said, without any
exaggeration, if we but take a range of years wide
enough, one or two millions have left those (at one
time it almost seemed fated) shores. As there
are two sides to every question, so there were
undoubtedly discoverable two in the instance before
us. While it was indisputably a "heavy loss and
great discouragement"at first to Ireland herself, that
she should lose so many of her stalwart sons, and
that too at the time apparently of her direst need
—the result has proved only that they unconsciously
did a benefit not only to themselves by going, but
also (by their emigration from it) to the country
they left, and (by their immigration into it) to the
country into which they went. Their movement
beyond the seas conferred a twofold boon as
surely as the cardinal virtue of Charity does,
according to SHAKSPERE blessing alike him
who gives and him who takes. Benefitting, that is to
say, alike the old country and the new. It is, how-
ever, by all these and by other subsidiary aids that
Ireland has already become what she is. Her
mercantile and agricultural enterprize has advanced
for instance during the last momentous fifteen years,
—that enterprize in each instance has advanced with
giant strides under the beneficent influence of the
great and wise, and henceforth we may rest perfectly
well assured, in the world of political economy,
the indestructible and irresistible principles of
Free Trade. It will not be regarded as idle
if we add to this the fact that the social
condition of the Irish generally has during
the last score of years been at once elevated and
ameliorated by the benign agency of the Tempe-
rance Movement, and—its symbol—the Pledge.
One of the truest patriots and one of the most
practical philanthropists that ever breathed was,
without a doubt of it, good Father MATHEW : and
hence is it that his name throughout Ireland is
held, and ever will be held, so dear. From the
date of the commencement of the great Tempe-
rance Movement under the guidance of that great
Apostle of Temperance, Father THEOBALD MATHEW,
begins, in fact, the dawn of Ireland's happier
days. Before that period she was literally to all
intents and purposes sunk into the Slough
of Desponewithout even the remotest prospect,any-
where to be seen, of her probable extrication from
it. While O'CONNELL, great man as he was in
other respects, was rendering himself intolerable,
and, so far as such a giant could, ridiculous, by his
preposterous babble about the Repeal of the Union,
Father MATHEW was vigorously setting himself to
work, heart and brain, body and soul, to the task of
administering the pledge. He died in the cause; he
crushed any selfish ambition he might ever
have had for the sake of the cause ; more than
once, so that his cause might not in any way
be interrupted, refusing the temptation of
a mitre. It would be difficult, indeed,
to exaggerate in any respect the benefits that the
Temperance Movement has conferred during all
these years upon Ireland and her sons. Nay, the
benefits it is still conferring down to this present
day. For the movement still actively goes on.
Though Father MATHEW has long since ended
his good and useful life, the movement he began
a score of years ago still goes on. What said
Lord BROUGHAM in fact upon this subject only
the other day ? Why, speaking of the advance
yet making in the good cause throughout Ireland,
`' We find," he said, "various societies in existence,
and accurate persons—persons learned on the sub-
ject, have assured me that there is hardly a town in
the great province of Ulster in which there is not
an Abstinence Association. There are not so many
in the other provinces, but still they are scattered
abroad fully over the extent of those provinces.
There is a central association situated in Dublin,
and I understand that there is in Belfast a Temper-
ance League, the object of which is to unite by
affiliation the different Temperance Associations in
the various parts of the countoy, for the purpose
of ultimate support and communication, and
Ii
ti
giving
understand hu eol
t
o ono to another—affording each
other material assistance where it is wanted.
longthate
i eh
tt a hasl
established—not
hoheda, though
it
is flourished,
hed
year or two ; but ,in that short time it has had a
very considerable success. All this is most grati-
fying, for it shows that the cause is going on and
succeeding, even at a time when there are many
other things of very great and material interest to
attract the attention and engage the sympathies of
the community—that this great cause is not only
not but is making sensible progress, and
I hopeneglected,
and trust
support will be given to such
associations as I have just mentioned. I strong,,ly
that
recommend the Belfast League to the attention
of all parties in the country, because it seems to
founded on a good principle, and already,
as I have said, has made considerable pro-
gress." That is what Lord BROUGHAM says
only as recently as last week, in reference to the
still onward advance of the Pledge. The remarks
we have here quoted fell from the venerable ex-
Chancellor's lips upon the occasion of his preelding