The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-03 00:00:00

TYIEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM.
Sot.° Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
Two New Dramas.—Reappearance of Mr. John Drew, and
3d appearance of Miss Matilda Heron.
THIS EVENING, THE TWO GREGORIES.
After which, a new original comic drama, written by Saml.
Lover,
Esq., entitled MA CARTHY MORE ; or, Possession
Nine Points of the Law. John Drew, J. Johnston, Forrester,
J. Rouse„ Medlin; Misses Rawlings, Hudspeth, &c.
To conelude with a new drama, NEW YEAR'S EVE ; or,
The Belle of the Season. Messrs. H. Neville, Villiers, Jas.
Johnstone, J. Rouse; Mrs. Winstanley, Miss Matilda Heron,
Hies Willard, dm

01r4 L PRINCESS'S THEATRE.--.
Leases and nager. Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, TIIRMaICE MARRIED, Messrs. Shore,
Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leelercq.
Followed by HAMLET. 'Hamlet, Mr. Pechter. Sup-
ported by Messrs. Ryder, Hermann Vezin, Graham, Shore,
Meadows, ke. ; Misses With, R. Leclercq, and Elsworthy.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. ADELPHL-
Sol e Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Great Attraction for the Eater Holidays.-14 appearance
this season of Mr. B. Webster and Miss Julia Daly.
THIS EVENING, a new drama (2d time) MAGLIORE,
PRESTIDIGITATOR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole,
D. Fisher, dtc.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss H. Simms, Arc.
Atter which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Miss Julia Daly.
Doors open at half past H—Commense at 7.

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor........ C. Morton.
A. Grand Selection from Verdes new Opera,
IL CORSARO,
(This opera
has never been produced in this or asy other
Zuntry, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
ed success which charactiset the most popular works of
this great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
Nrro, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
c. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A. B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. N. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Betab lishment.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TX/8 DAY.—Morning, 7h. 44m.—Afternoon, Bh. 26m.
'To-MORROW.-Morning, 9h. 13m.—Afternoon, 9h. 58m.

TR-6 WEATHER.-Strx 07710 E, AriuL 3, 1861,

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
52—highest since noon yesterday.
41--loweet:this morning and during the night.
51—this day at noon.

BAROMETZE-29.78.

WlND—Westerly—light; with cloudy, but fine, weather,

THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3, 1861

Yesterday, Mr. ROEBUCK renewed his attempt
to vindicate himself before his constituents, and
this time with far better success. A vastly larger
hall, and a quieter audience, enabled him, at least,
to " have his say out." From the charge of cor-
ruption in the Galway packet affair, if any one,
friend or foe, could believe that he had been guilty
of it, his vindication was complete indeed, And as
to his vote on the division which led to the downfall
of the DERBY Ministry, those who were gulled by
the meeting at Willis' Rooms, and who now have
to whistle for their Reform Bill, are at least not the
men to condemn Mr. ROEBUCK. Had a larger
number voted with Mr. ROEBUCK on that occasion
we should have at least had, by this time, some
measure of Reform. The readers of The Sun may
recollect arguments at the time having a very
strong resemblance to those of Mr. ROEBUCK, and
for the plain reason that they had the common
/Ilitteteityf not of party, but of common sense. Mr.
-acetirtma, yesterday, said—" What was my argu-
pent ?- It was this, that we were in a majo-
rity that the friends of Reform in Parlia-
ment were in a majority. I was given
to understand that Lord DERnv's Adminis-
tration, having learnt by experience, were will-
ing to bring in a better bill than before. We
said, We can make what we like of the bill in
committee ; let us pass it. Lord DERBY is in a
majority in the House of Lords, and can pass it
there. We shall get a Reform Bill if we keep
these people in, but as sure as we turn them out
we shall have no Reform Bill from the so-called
Liberal Party."
On the Austrian question we must differ alto-
gether from Mr. ROEBUCK—the story of the
lucrative contract he entirely denies ; indeed it was
probably regarded only as a joke by Mr.WHITE and
his hearers ; and Mr. ROEBUCK'S denial of any-
Wag of the kind is more than sufficient. Some
may think that the courtesy of all classes in Austria
to Mr. ROEBUCK may have had its influence on his
views; and we may well believe that when the
chief men of Vienna, in all the perplexities of such
new work to them as devising schemes of repre-
sentative Government, had the great English
Radical among them, their deference to his know-
ledge and opinions must have been gratifying
enough. Here is Mr. ROEBUCK'S own description
of what passed between the Austrian pupils and
their English instructor—the passing compliment
to Sheffield also must not be overlooked :—" I gave
the Austrian Government a certain bit of advice.
Now what was that advice ? As your representa-
tive, I was very well known in Austria, and I re-
collect one gentleman saying, 'We have known
that name 30 years ; we know that he is what is
called a Liberal' in his country ; but nevertheless,
we rather like Liberal men." lam merely saying
what they said. I dare say they were wrong.
They listened to me. They said, He is an old
Parliamentary politician, let us hear his advice.
My advice was this—and it was given openly and
boldly to the Prime Minister—' Give your people
a Parliamentary constitution ; give them thorough
going self-government ; in their municipalities let
them govern themselves, and have a Parliament to
represent the Austrian empire. My object is to
snake you good friends of England. I understand
the position of Austria, and I know that the beet
friend of England is in this country. In order to
bind England to you, you must do these two things
—give your people a liberal constitution, and con-
nect yourselves commercially with England."
Thus far all was well enough, but the meeting
quite differed from Mr. ROEBUCK on the question
of Austria in Venetia. He might be as pleased as
he liked to find the Austrian young people loving
our literature, and learning liberalism from it ; he
might aid Austrian Statesmen in their endeavours
to understand the essentials of Representative Go-
vernment, but what could be said for defending the
detestable
°L'eunation of Venetia ? Literally
nothing, but the old state of the strength of France
in the opposite earner of Italy. But, except the
occupation of Rome, which cannot now last for
e ver, France is no nearer Italy in the Western, than
Alpe,out her occupy-
With
Austria is in the Eastern
leg
way to make Italy inde the Quadrilateral and Italian ground. The
true pendent, of France is,
surely, to make her strong ; and the Quadrilateral
is the strongest military position in Italy.
If the
Italians held that, and were attacked by prance,
the Mediterranean and the Adriatic would enittie
England to throw her weight into the Italian

And wonderfully apropos to these same reflections
are many passages contained in the brilliant Inau-
gural Address recently delivered (March 4) in the
Queen Street Hall, at Edinburgh, to the Associ-
ated Societies of the great Scottish University, by
their new Honorary President, Professor W. E.
AYTOUN—an " Inaugural Address " which has
been, within the last few days, published by the
Nlessrs. BLACKWOOD. From the pages of this
timely brochure* we are tempted to make two or
three extracts, which we would earnestly commend
to the crowd, not of orators (for they are few), but
of talkers (for they are many) in the British
House of Commons. Let some, at least, of these
latter take to heart what the learned Pro-

scale with irresistible effect.
But we need not argue a case in which all Mr.

"Inaugural Address of W. EDMONSTOUNE AYRTOUN
") 4* i ,„Associated Societies of the University of Edinburgh,
katc
1$61" Bvo. pp, W. BLACKWOOD And SONS.

HEA T RE-R 0 Y AL, HAY IVISt RK ET. ROEBUCK'S ingenuity will certainly fail to convince
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Backstane. •
Englishmen. This country cannot endure—what-
THI3. EVENING, the performances will oommense with
A. DUKE IN DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F. ever he may think—to see " the hoof of the brutal
Haydow, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. Buckstone,
Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, ere. Austrian" on the Italians in Venetia. He may tell
After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and erects, and all the original music b the late Sir Henry what tales he pleases of the good nature of the
Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND Ms NE
Commenoe at 7.1 Austrian civilians ; but all the world knows that
the HAPSBURGS are a brutal, remorseless, super-
stitious, and selfish family ; it knows also that Aus-
trian officers and generals are bloody savages, who
shoot patriots and flog matrons and maidens, and
send us occasionally a HAYNAU to let us see what
gentle creatures they are. The meeting passed,
therefore, in conclusion, two resolutions with which
probably all England will agree, one acquitting Mr.
ROEBUCK of anything like bribe-taking; and the
other expressing their best wishes for constitu-
tionalism in Austria, and for the liberation of
Venetia from its hateful oppressors, Mr. ROE-
BUCK'S friends in Vienna will see that even he could
not persuade 3,000 Englishmen that Germans ought
to occupy Italian ground.

Conscious that we are yet scarcely midway in the
Parliamentary Session of 1861, that little has yet
been accomplished in the way of practical legisla-
tion (saving and excepting in the advance made by
the Attorney-General's Bill for the reform of the

aws relating to Bankruptcy), and that so much
consequently yet remains to be done and said before
the Lords and Commons shall again have beets pro-
rogued—we are beginning to have a wholesome fear
before our eyes of the
_sleepless nights preparing
for Mr. SPEAKER, and of the appalling number of
additional pages about to be contributed to the
voluminous records of .Hansard during the next
spring and midsummer. If but one-half of the
honourable members who speak during each session
would but have some bowels of compassion !
Parliament might then with some advantage to the
community become less of a Parliament, and the
Legislature more of a Legislature. Considerably
less would be said and a very great deal more done.
If only one moiety of the great throng of talkers
could be induced somehow to curb and crush down
that cacostAes loquendi which appears to evidence
a morbid condition of the intellect quite as waste-
ful in its way as the cacoethes scribendi annually
contributing so much printed matter (under
the truth-telling designation of waste paper)
to the butter shop and the trunk makers !
It is an old complaint this against the too-much-
talk of the House of Commons. And it is a complaint
that—(it can hardly be forgotten)—rose to its
loudest at the close of the last session : when,
comparatively speaking, nothing at all was accom-
plished, at any rate in the shape of a single great
measure of legislative improvement, and when so
very much had been said with no other result that
could be recognised than the laying of it. Yet
often as the loquacity of Parliament, but particu-
larly the loquacity of the House of Commons, has
been commented upon out of doors in terms of
reprehension, has it ever occurred to the generality
how very much more of the time of the session is
consumed in talk, that never by any chance resolves
itself into short-hand notes—into copied-out manu-
script—into printed columns of parliamentary
reports in the daily newspapers—into printed pages
of Hansard, that Hecatomb, or Mausoleum, as it has
been called of Oratory, or rather, for the most part,
of mere Speechmaking ? The Reporters in the
Gallery, in truth, confer more benefactions—nega-
tively, that is to say by their very reticence—upon
the general community than the latter has perhaps
ever yet dreamt of; certainly more than the public
at large has ever yet thought of appreciatively. Is
it to be supposed that the parliamentary reporters
never require to mend their pencils—never ward
off cramp in their agile fingers by intervals
of leisure, when (to adopt one of Mr. DISRAELI'S
pungently suggestive phrases in Coningsby),
" Wishy is up and' Washy follows"—that they
never enjoy, sotto voce, a little companionable chit-
chat in the Gallery ? All those compact little
speeches sprinkled through the long debates, as
reported in our columns, and in those of our morning
contemporaries—speeches, when printed, so con-
veniently squared into paragraphs, paragraphs that
the eye can glance through in a few seconds : have
not each of those been elaborately delivered, not
stenographically in the third persons but in the
blatant first —" Sir, I cannot but think, upon
mature consideration. Sir, I most entirely con-
cur with the right honourable gentleman. Sir,
I this, I that, and I the other "—have not all the
changes been rung on all:those wretched old parlia-
mentary platitudes, time and again, during this very
last month of March. and the preceding February ?
About nothing of all which—thanks to the obdu-
rately, and generously discriminative inattention of
the Reporters in the Gallery—the multitude out of
doors never hears cr even sees. The blunted pencils
of the short-hand writers save them beneficently from
the infliction—those pencils that, strange to tell,
al ways do require so much extra polishing and sharp-
ening whenever that long-winded Sir VERBUM SAP
unhappily catches the Speaker's eye, or when—with
his hatful of documents to be referred to, and
quoted from (as occasion may require, and as it
very often does), and with his orange in his coat-
tail pocket—there rises, for one of his long innings,
Mr. ENDLESS VERBOSITY, one of the recognised
Bores of the House, one of those miraculously ap
petizing Dinner-Bells, capable upon the instant of
driving away even the least hungry with an anticipa-
tive relish to a quiet chop at BELLAMY'S ! Recollect-
ing what is thus spared to him by the discreet inat-
tention of the Reporters, the general reader of the Pa-
rliamentary debates as published in the newspapers
has reason to exclaim quite as earnestly as the
jaded sentry in HAMLET—" For this relief much
thanks." He can hardly estimate, however, the
full extent of his obligations. The calculation of
its magnitude is a task almost beyond the powers of
Mr. BABBAGE'S machine to compute. Only those
know it who have often witnessed the slow torture
to which at these times the first commoner in the ,
land is subjeCted, that right hon. t 1
gen email whom
the nation but inadequately compensates with an
income at the time of £5,000 per annum, and the
prospective certainty of a'peerage. It is by reason
of our painful recollection of last year's over-talk-
ing in Parliament and of this session having barely
warmed to its work (we should say rather to its talk
that we are driven perforce, during the Eastern re
cess, into these reflections.

dation.

' fessor there says of the Gift of Oratory, and of
the Art of Speaking :
" I do not maintain that it is within the power of every
man to become an orator, in the sense of being eloquent, for
eloquence implies the combination of rare and extraordinary
gifts. It is much of the same nature as poetry, which we,
for lack of a bettor word, denominate the result of inspira-
tion. You cannot, by precept or otherwise, teach a man to
become a poet, unless the Divine faculty is already within
him ; but it is in the power of almost any one, through
pains and practice, to become a tolerable versifier, as the
countless small octavos and duodecimos of rhyme which
annually issue from the printing-press do meet abundantly
testify. In like manner, any man may become a fair public
speaker if he will resolutely apply himself to the task. The
rules that regulate the form of a spoken discourse, by which
I mean its framework and proportion, are few and simple ;
and these once thoroughly mastered and duly kept in mind
there is no fear that the speech will be deficient in con-
gruity, harmony, and precision. But a thorough compre-
hension of those rules is absolutely indispensable. People
who have studied, or have never heard of them, are almost
sure, when they address an audience, to ramble from their
subject, to use wearisome repetitions, and to lose the thread
of their discourse ; and that is a primary cause of the nume-
rous ineffective addresses which are so often delivered
in the senate, from the pulpit, and sometimes even
at the bar. There is an an art in speech-making as there is
in building. You must know how to use the level and the
square, else, to a certainty, your work will be clumsy, out
of proportion, and irregular."

Cannot some at least of the most garrulous
among the smaller fry of debaters fit on the fan-
tastic and elastic cap here provided for them in
the following ?

" The first requisite for a public speaker is undoubtedly a
deliberate and careful consideration of his subject. That
is due to the audience, and also to the speaker himself, for
no prudent man will attempt to discourse upon any topic
with which he is not thoroughly conversant and familiar.
The ancients, indeed, who attached very great importance
to oratory as a science, invented a system, known as that of
the commonplaces, by means of which, as they averred, a
man might discourse fluently and plausibly upon any sub-
ject whether he knew it or not. But a moment's reflection
will convince you that such speeches must be of a very in-
ferior quality—mere windbags of Eolus, and quite ineffec-
tual towards producing persuasion, which ought always to
be the aim of the public speaker. The notion, however, is
not yet entirely exploded, or the practice abandoned ;
for we do occasionally meet with men who seek rather to
tickle the ears of their audience by high .flown images and
bombastic declamation, than by solid argument and appo-
site instances to enlighten and persuade. That is not a
style of oratory to be either cultivated or commended. It
makes no lasting impression—it serves no rational purpose
in short, it is little better than—

'A tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing."'
Here, in fine, are some particularly useful hints
that we do heartily commend to the Windbags
of the House, with a faint vague hope that, by
a few among them, they may be acted upon :
" Our friends the reparters, to whom public speakers are
often under great obligations, could tell you that if they
were to take down almost any extempore speech verbatim
and exactly as delivered, and allow it to be published with-
out revision, it would be found full of blemishes, faults,
repetitions, and bad grammar, which escape observation in
the course of a brisk or earnest delivery, but which would
not for a moment be tolerated in any author. The process
of speech is much more rapid than that of writing. A
man may easily enunciate within an hour more matter than
he could have composed in twenty; and there are very few
writers indeed, who, while engaged in composition, do not
find themselves compelled to make frequent pauses, either
for the purpose of selecting the fittest word, or for that of
giving a more elegant turn to their sentences. My own
belief is, that almost all the speeches which are quoted and
referred to as models of oratory were either composed in
the closet previous to their being delivered, or afterwards
subjected to a most anxious revision. In one respect the
ancient orators had a material advantage over their modern
successors. They might at their leisure entirely recast
the speeches which they had delivered, with the largest
amount of addition and interpolation, and bequeath them
to posterity as the records of their extempore genius, with.
out the smallest fear of detection. The Greeks and Ro.
mans had no daily newspapers to waft within a marvel-
lously short time the substance and matter of every int.
portant speech to a much larger audience than that which
was present at its delivery. It therefore behoves modern
speakers to be at all times careful as to expressioe, for the
reading audience, if I may use that term, is much more
critical than the other, being swayed by none of those in.
fluences which a skilled and graceful speaker can exert over
those whom he addresses."

Closing our extracts, however, from Professor
AYRTOUN'S Address, we can only wait fer the
coming debates with mingled dread and trepi-

Lord Clyde arrived at Chatham on Saturday, and
attended divine service at St. Mary's Church. It was the in-
tention of his lordship to inspect the troops yesterday morn-
ing, on Chatham Lines, but owing to the bad state of the
weather, and the rain coming down freely, the troops,
which had assembled on the ground in heavy marching
order, returned to their barracks, the inspection having
been cancelled by the major-general.
The Countess of Westmoreland has arrived at
Carson House from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Beau-
fort, at Badminton. His lordship is expected in town on
Friday from Northampton.
Frances Countess of Albemarle and Colonel the
Hon. Peregrine Cust will leave town on Saturday on a visit
to Lord Churston, at Lupton House, Devonshire.
A marriage is stated to be arranged between Mr.
J. Eyre, a Roman Catholic gentleman of large property in
Ireland, and the Lady Milford. Her ladyship is a daughter
of the Earl of Wicklow, and married in 1854, as his second
wife, Robert, late Lord Milford, whose title became extinct
on his death in 1857.
The armour ship, built at Bordeaux for the
Pacha of Egypt, has just been launched.
The Austrian Government has entrusted Count
de Salraen with the mission of reorganising Transylvania
on the basis of the laws which formerly constituted the
political code of that country.
Joseph Staudigl, the renowned bass singer, died
in the State Lunatic Asylum, Vienna, on Thursday last.
At Liverpool yesterday, Mr. James Croasdale,
a cap manufacturer, recovered £l,OOO from the Lancashire
and Yorkshire Company, as compensation for injuries
sustained during a collision near Wigan.
THE REVIEW AT BRIGHTON.—The following is
the address of General the Hon. Sir James Scarlett, the
Adjutant-General, to the assembled commanding officers at
the termination of the manoeuvres :—" Lord Ranelagh and
gentlemen, I have much pleasure in expressing to you the
entire satisfaction with which I have witnessed the pro-
ceedings of to-day. Having been commanded by the Sec-
retary of State for War to attend officially and inspect the
evolutions of this force, I shall have extreme satisfaction in
reporting that they have reflected the greatest credit, not
only upon you, gentlemen, who have commanded brigades,
but also on you who have commanded battalions, and on
the volunteer forces which you have respectively commanded.
I have compared these evolutions with those which it has
been my duty to see frequently performed by the line ; and
when I consider the comparatively limited opportunities of
assembling and exercising in large numbers which the vo-
lunteer force has enjoyed, I am not only gratified but com-
pletely astonished at the perfection with which the various
manoeuvres have been accomplished. I think the volunteer
force is under a debt of gratitude to Lord Ranelagh, as well
for, the able manner in which he has laid down the pro-
gramme of the day's proceedings as for the energetic and
skilful manner in which he has commanded this large force.
I beg to assure you that it will be a great gratification to
me to present so favourable a report of the day's proceedings
to the War-office as the complete success of this day war-
rants me in doing." The rank of the commanding officer
notof the3d
Colonel; Battalionth e 6
6th
hf thesu r
r4etyh
(Esher Brigadeis
co
rapt s present ewseernet
the Major,
Ist
company of that battalion. The 2d Battalion, 4th Brigade,
consisted of the 4th Corps (Havant), sth Corps (Ports-
mouth), 6th Corps (Gosport), of the Hants Rifles.
MELANCHOLY DEATH.--On the evening of Good
Friday Mr. J. Itawlinson, chief clerk in the general ma.
nager's department of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin-
colnshire Railway Company wasdrowned in the river Irwell,
at Manchester. He was endeavouring, it is supposed, to
cross the river by the Pomona gardens ferry and missed
his footing, so that he fell into the water, and all efforts to
rescue him were unsuccessful. 'I he coroner's inquest was
attended by several officers of the company, including Mr.
Ross, the secretary, as a mark of respect for the character
of the deceased. A verdict of accidental death was re-
turned.

NEW LONDON CHURCHES.—The Bishop of London
has appointed Tuesday, the 9th inst., for the consecration
of the new church of All Saints, Kensington-park, which

owes its erection mainly to the munificence of the Rev. Dr,
Walker, rector of St. Columb Major, after the model of
Whose beautiful church in Cornwall the church of All
Saints is formed.

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