The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-16 00:00:00

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 1376 25 .. 1377 50
Northern
Now ditto BB7 50 .. 888 75
Lyons and Mediterranean 967 50 .. 968 75
Geneva 3BO .. 382 50
Southern 567 50 .. 568 75
Western
Eastern ....
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard 505 .. 506 25

FATAL OCCURRENCE AT THE GREAT WESTERN
RAILWAY HOTEL.—lnformation was received.yesterday by
Mr. Wakley, the coroner for West Middlesex, of a deplor-
able instance of sudden death, under as yet unexplained
circumstances. It appears that on Friday last a well-
dressed gentleman, seemingly of an aristocratic position,
entered the Great Western Railway Hotel, Paddington,
and ordered lunch. Immediately after be had taken his
seat at the table his leaning position in the chair attracted
attention, and he was found to have expired. The police
have taken considerable pains to ascertain the unfortunate
gentleman's identity, but have utterly failed in their
efforts. He was attired in a black cloth frock coat, fins
alpaca vest, tweed trousers, black satin stock, blue mixed
worsted socks, on which were the initials J. M. P., and
whits linen collar and black hat, on which also were the
same initials.

THE ALLEGED MURDERS BY A LIVERPOOL CAP-
TAIN.—The case of Captain J. Wilson, of the British ship
Severn, was again entered into by the Liverpool magistrates
yesterday, when some additional evidence as to the cruel-
ties practised upon Charles Jones was adduced. From the
evidence of the surgeons it appeared that the treatment
which Jones had received was calculated to accelerate death
in the case of a man suffering, as Jones was, from scurvy
and fewr. Mr. Bremner, solicitor for the prisoner, con-
tended that the evidence against Wilson was so confused
end contradictory that it was not worthy to be relied upon,
particularly in so grave a charge. It was impossible to be-
lieve that the captain had beaten the whole of the crew with
a regularity and violence complained of, and yet that he had
himself escaped uninjured from them. The court, however,
under all the circumstances, decided to commit Capt. Wil-
son on a charp of manslaughter. It was then intimated
that on the following day three other charges would be
into—one of murdering William Henderson while
steward of the Express, a vessel which the prisoner had
commanded before he was transferred to the Severn; ano-
ther, of so abusing a white seaman, named J. 'Williams? as
to cause him to jump overboard ; and a third, of hanging
one of the crew up by his lingers,

THE IBEX CH OCCUPATION OF .ROME.

The Opinion Nationale, alluding to the anniver-
sary of the taking of the Bastille, observes that
France is acting with respect to the new Kingdom
of Italy strangely in contradiction to the principles
of 'B9, opposed, as they are, to any interference with
the efforts of a nation striking for liberty or endea-
vouring to consolidate its independence. Our con-
temporary, of course, alludes to the continued oc-
cupation of Rome by the French troops, which it
asserts ought to be brought to a termination with-
out delay. The following is the language em-
ployed :

" In the name of the great principles of 1789, in
the name of justice, and of the sacred right of po-
pulations to chose the form of their Government,
France has permitted Victor Emmanuel to realise
the wishes of Italy, and to create national unity.
France, England, Switzerland, Portugal, Greece,
Turkey, and the Scandinavian States have recog-
nised the new kingdom. We desire to see it con-
solidated, and to develop itself in order and peace;
but, by a strange contradiction, we interdict to it
the most essential of all rights, that which Nature
has engraved in the heart and conscience of all
beings—the guarantee and protection of life—the
right of self-preservation and of legitimate defense.
We permit its bitterest enemies, those who wish
for nothing so much as its ruin and its death, to
establish themselves on its frontiers, and in the
very centre of its provinces, to excite rebellion
and foment civil war among its populations, to
give it both in open day and in the dark repeated
blows ; and when its elected King endeavours to
ward off those attacks, to punish its enemies, and
free Italy from them, he is checked, under pretence
of religion, in his generous movement ; such long-
suffering as God himself would not exact from saints
in Paradise is imposed on him, the asylum in which
are assembled from all parts of Europe the aggres-
sors against him is declared inviolable, and in their
favour is resuscitated the right of refuge which the
middle ages, pious and bigotted, granted to churches
and monasteries. A situation so strange cannot be
prolonged. It is full of perils, and there would be
risk by prolonging it to drive, if not the Italian
Government, at least the Italian people, to extreme
resolutions of a nature to compromise general peace.
That is a truth which is evident to every one. The
future of Italy and the triumph of liberal principles
should be assured ; the Government of Victor Em-
manuel ought to be allowed to escape from the dead-
lock in which it stands ; and, for our part, we think
that both the dignity and the history of France
require us to hasten the desired solution with or
without the co-operation of the other Catholic or
Legitimist Powers. We, the sons of 1789, cannot
in fact sacrifice the independence of 25,000,000 of
men to the temporal power of the Holy See, and
we can do so the less from the fact that the tem-
poral power of the Church has been formally con-
demned by the Gospel, by the Fathers, and by the
Popes of the first centuries." t

THE AMERICAN COTTON M4REET.

(From Messrs. W. P. Wright and Co.'s Circular.)
NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1861.

By the Europa at Boston, we were advised of
sales, for the week ending 13th June, of 58,500
bales, without change in price. We are since in
receipt of advices per Etna to 20th June, the sales
for the week ending on that date, though not offi-
cially reported, were about 65,000 bales, without
change in price, the market closing steadily. Trade
in Manchester dull. Consols 891 to 891. Weather
all that could be desired for the crops. Breadstuffs
all cheaper.
Business matters in this city began to assume a
more cheerful aspect ; the stagnation in every
branch which followed the preparations for war,
gives way to the necessary activity in many depart-
ments created by the war. Trade with the " Great
West" is reviving since the miserable currency so
long endured is being replaced by one of gold. We
think a slow but steady revival of business will soon
be apparent in all the cities of the North, East, and
West. No important movements of the troops on
either side has taken place during the past week.
Congress meet on Thursday next; it is generally
expected that the hands of Government will be
strengthened, and the war vigorously prose-
cuted very shortly. There is not, in our opi-
nion the slightest chance of any compromise.
The advance yesterday, in the rate of exchange
on London will tend to stop the further import of
gold. The cotton business, except in this city, is
over for the season. Our stock is low, and must be
replenished, later on, from Liverpool ; an order for
this market was forwarded by steamer on Saturday
last.

We have had a more active business in this
market during the past week. Speculators have
taken freely of desirable qualities. Spinners have
also bought to a fair extent. Very little has been
done for export. Holders have obtained very full
and advancing prices, and we quote lc. per lb.
higher than on this day week. Our stock is now re-
duced to so low a point that in a few weeks more
holden will be able to dictate their own terms.
The sales for the week are estimated at 9,000 bales.
The clearances for the week have been—for Liver.
pool, 398 ; Havre, 128 ; Bremen, 146. Total, 672
bales.

TRANSIT COTTON.—No sales. There are samples
on offer of about 3,000 bales, known to be already
in warehouse in Liverpool ; they are held, how-
ever, above parity of the latest Liverpool value.
SOUTHERN MARKETS.—Business is entirely at a
stand at all the Southern ports. The blockade is
now effectual at all points.

(From Messrs. Neill Brothers' Circular.)

RECEIPTS.—The movements of cotton at the
South for the present season have become quite un-
important. The weekly receipts, even at New
Orleans, do not exceed a few hundred bales. The
total receipts at the seaboard amount to 3,451,000
' bales, besides which it is estimated that 183,000
have been received overland, making the probable
total of this year's crop about 3,650,000 bales, or
fully a million bales short of last year's total.
EXPORTS.—The export movement from the South
is now drawn to a close. Our tables this week in-
clude some arrears from minor points. The proper
clearances of the week have been 20,000 bales
to Great Britain ; none to France ; and only
1,000 bales to other foreign ports. The total
to Great Britain is now 2,184,000 bales against
2,618,000 last year; to France 571,000 bales against
570,000 last year; and to other foreign ports
368,000 bales against £472,000 last year, being a
deficiency of 104,000 bales. The stock of cotton
in this country, exclusive of that in manufacturers'
hands, is reduced:to 55,000 bales, the greater portion
of which is held in this city.
NEW CP.OP, &e.— Mail communication with the
South continues very irregular, and our crop ad.
vices from the more distant points are therefore
somewhat imperfect. The grain crops have been
unusually abundant this year, and have generally
been well secured. The prospects of the cotton crop
have also improved materially during the more
seasonable weather of the past month, and from
the greater portion of the cotton•growing coun-
try the accounts are uniformly favourable. In
the Atlantic States, however, the plant is still
represented as small and backward. The
cool wet spring retarded its growth, and the subse-
quent hot dry weather is now causing complaints
of drought. There is little danger, however, of such
damage from this cause as occurred last year, be-
cause the ground is better prepared to withstand a
long period of hot weather this year than last.
With the exception of Georgia and South Carolina,
the new crop appears to be doing well. The
breadth of land under cotton this year, as com-
pared with former seasons, continues to be vari-
ously estimated, but we learn that the reduction
has been principally in the Upland districts. In
the western sections we learn that most planters
have "crossed" their cotton fields with corn,
a practice which has been growing in favour for
some years, and this spring has been adopted very
generally. The object is to rai,e corn without
sacrificing cotton, and in dry seasons it is found
to answer well, and even to benefit cotton by
shading the ground. The amount of labour
engaged in the cotton fields this year is said to be
considerably reduced, and preference is being given
to grain. To what extent these various draw-
backs may affect the ultimate yield, it is im-
possible at this early period to say. Continued
fine weather throughout the season will do
much to compensate for them all, while,
on the other hand, it was seen that the brilliant
prospects of last year to this date were destroyed
by unfavourable weather during summer. The
general opinion so far is, that the growing crop
will exceed the one now closing, but to what extent
will, of course, depend upon future circumstances ;
still, none look' for a large crop. Nothing can yet
be said as to when the next season may open ;
but
it e tl o
y market.an
d th cotton
it is probable that, under any circumstances, the
e
new crop willroee
ebdme lateor
eindecloi
ing may p
greater care than usual ; but the
gin "
scarcity of gunny bagging the South must
prove
an obstacle to its coming rapidly forward.
Pick-
ing
be prepared with kui:

APPREIIENDED Loss OF MISSIONARIES.—We are
Sorry t
that the ship Edwin Forrest, in which seva-
onaries of the Southern Baptist Board sailed for
~osi learn
reahlimnal: has been so long unheard from, that scarcely a doubt
remains that she is lost. This is the first instance in which
any missionaries from America to foreign lands have been
lost by the foundering of a ship,—.Philadelphia ,Presby-
Avian.

I ROYAL 4GRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S
MEETING.

LEEDS, MONDAY•

Agricultural England is holding its festival—not,
as last year, in the quaint cathedral city of a county:
of hop-gardens, or, as previously, in a castled
county town, the centre of a midland tract of core-
lands and meadows, but in the very heart of that
great factory, the West Riding of Yorkshire.
To enumerate the chief novelties and excellea'
cies among 5,500 articles, or even to name the
principal among more than 200 exhibitors, is be-
yond our power in the limits of a general report.
As regards numbers and general excellence, the
shorthorns, as might be expected from the district
of the show, exceed their appearance on any former
occasion, though with few specimens of surpassing
merit. The Bates blood carries all before it. Of
first prize bull of Lord Feversham (sire, sth
Duke of Oxford) is a grand beast, though perhaps
not so splendid in quality as many we have seen'
this bull has never been exhibited before except at
local shows. Mr. Langston's bull " Royal Turk" is
second. Mr. Jonas Webb's is an uncommonly
good animal, and his second prize yearling hell
gives promise that the Babraham shorthorns are
treading in the steps while they graze the same
pastures as the departed Babraham southdowns
and Mr. Charles Howard's prize bull calf is cer-
tainly a beauty, and of great merit for its age. CaPt:
Gunter's famous " Duchess 77th" takes the fire'
prize in the cow class, beating Mr. Booth's nOted
" Queen Mab," that is second here, as las!
year at Canterbury. The Captain's two super'
twins, the "Duchesses 73th and 79th," and Mr'
Booth's " Soldier's Bride," grace the heifer class't
and the yearling heifers are a very fine class. Wei
are sorry, however, to miss the herd of Calorie'
Towneley, there being not one Butterfly present'
though 11 are entered in the catalogue; neither 15
there a single short-horn comparable to the hitherto
incomparable " Royal Batterfiy" of last year.
Let us now turn to the sheep, respecting which
we must be still more concise.

The sheep classes are exceedingly well sustained,
but we missed the animals usually shown by gr'
Jonas Webb, although Mr. Rigden ably succeeds
him in success. Lord Walsingham shows some
beautiful animals. The Duke of Richmond's elves„
are exceedingly good. This class is not so well
filled up as usual. The Leicesters are in full force,
and many superior animals are shown. The Coto"
wolds, or long wools, are equal to former year*
and as animals of the ovine class they are wonder'
ful specimens. The Shropshires are unquestioa;
ably the largest and best of the short-woollo:
classes ; some ewes, not 15 months old, measured
from the joint of the shoulder to tail 2 feet 4
inches ; girth, 4 feet 8§ inches.
The class of other short-wools, namely, 118m7,.
shire and other down sheep—is in considers,'"
number and variety, but of a highly useful en!:
racter. The classes of long wools shown for the
local prize were very thinly represented, certainly
to the detriment of lung-wooled breeding, as such
wools are exceedingly valuable. The mountain
sheep and similar classes are not a creditable ail?
play, though sound, useful animals.
The pigs exhibited are of the usual character'
some very massive and ungainly animals, other!,
very proportionate and handsome. The
shot
equal to those of former years.
What with soil to be tilled, products and 113er.
chandise to be transported, a business population:ll
be conveyed in ruder or more refined vehicles at
rates of velocity from the carrier's jog-trot to the
pace of the flying tandem, and a wealthy community
to be furnished with the equestrian pleasures of tue
hunting-field and the race-course, our national stoe7
of 2,500,000 horses must continue to increase;
least, all varieties but the heavy-limbed plonk':
horse, which will lose one-half his occupation by the
spread of steam husbandry. The breeding of Via
best quality of hunters, roadsters, carriage aI!A
draught horses, grows in importance with the raPii
increase and enlarging necessities of our people, an
no department of the annual exhibitions of animals
can awaken a greater interest than the display OP'
tributed by the paddock and stable.
Of course it is desirable that agricultural horses
should always form a prominent feature in the 81)1
while powerful dray horses should likewise be well
s
placed ; but the farmer's and gentleman's hack, the
sportsman's hunter, and horses for harness 9.1%10t
military service cannot receive too much attentinl3l
not only for home purposes, but with a view to mare'
tain the celebrity of English breeds and increasing
out export trade in horseflesh. For if we import
some 5,000 horses, we annually ship to Francts
Belgium, Holland, &c., about half that number 101;
improving the studs and mounting the cavalry 0.
the Continent. Accordingly the society have this
year a £lOO prize (with second prize of £25) for
the best thoroughbred stud horse, best calculated
to improve and perpetuate the breed of sound ana
stout thoroughbred horses for general stud pur-
poses.

- The judges in the Horse Classes have fully colli
firmed the decision of the Derby in favour of
weight-carrying thoroughbred stud horses, best calculated to improve and perpetuate the breed °If
the sound and stout thoroughbred horse for geneflie
purposes. The horse that carries off the first Priti
of £lOO, Nutbourne, is the property of John Wyatt'
of Nutbourne, and broke down at the Derby litt
year. She shows breeding and weight in a renial.'l
able degree, together with a beautiful head and 1331,;
expression. Age four years, colour chestnut. ,00
second prize horse shows the direction of the current
in the same direction. The horses in the thorough
bred class are nearly all of good substance, and thost
that are weedy have been very properly weeded 01;
for the object of thdbounty is less to encourage ti'o
turf than the field and the road. In this hasty glans
we could recognise Comet, the second prize horse 9t
Canterbury last year; Fazzoletto, who ran fourth I°`,
the Derby five years ago ; Vortex, own brother to
Voltigeur-- a black brown horse of splended 11'7;
portion ; and Windbound, 14 years of age, and Sif;
of Thormanby, winner of the Derby last year'-
smaller horse than his son.
The hunter, as a class, is well sustained, °,13,1
the whole class of blood hunters, mares and geld
ings, is commended.
In the agricultural horse classes the heavy b0r,.548r
gave way to the clean-legged, strengthy horses,
which Yorkshire is celebrated.
The entries in the thoroughbred, hunting, an f
roadster classes number 127, of ponies 28, and cif
agricultural horses 99,*and comparatively few ();
the standings are empty. This is decidedly th
finest show of horses we have ever attended.

INVERNESS SHEEP AND_WOOL FAO

(From the Inverness Courier.)
The prosperous appearance of the fields in out
Northern counties, the continued seasonableness o',
the weather, the abundance of pasture, and the ell'
usual promise of the turnip plant everywhere, coo;
tributed to give much spirit to the attendance ii"
our wool fair. Georgemas market, too, was so de
cidedly a rising one, that confidence in the prospect
of good prices increased during the week; and when
buyers and sellers met, it was soon pretty evideeve.
that no great abatement from last year's quotations
would be made, at all events as regarded age
sheep. Lambs were in a peculiar position. 1
year, as will be too long and well remembered/
their numbers were scarcely half the average"
and their value was out of proportion to the other
ages. It was, therefore, natural and reasonable the"
in the face of the most successful and abundant crop
a
of this spring, their price should recede; an/
accordingly they may be quoted at an average 0'
about 2s. 6d. per head below 1860. With ever:.
quite better
this difference, however, the breeders are ft
better off than they were last year—they
will get far more money for their cast, and their
Indeed, customers
ewill
arequality beside!.
'within the truth
in saying that a better quality of sheep of
all ages—taking condition into account--Wo'
never before offered for sale at Inverness. The de-
hparvoebabfalyr
mand for ewes and particularly lots of about 200 t°
300, was decidedly brisk, and rtioll
a great propo
of this class was sold on k'
alba
Friday. A large nu
of hill ewes are now retained in own arable
districts for crossing with__. our goo
Lmcesters and this ca
a special demand for 'moderate
the best casts of
numbers. The • • fact,
price, therefore, was high ; In
almost, if not quite, ' as high as last year generall sr/
and in a few instances even an advance was oh-
tained. Very few remain MO'
for sale. Wedders
be quoted at last rather
year's prices, but there was to
more stiffness in their sale. All the principal "" ,n
were disposed of by mid-day on Saturday.
Wool has been very little dealt in, the general •
fooling being that the present fall in prices
ill_
temporary, and more the result of panic than gen
ine difficulty. A few sales have, however, taken._;
place at 4s. to 4s. 6d. under last year's market, Dl-1.4
our quotations are necessarily scant. We heard
_'',,
one or two parcels which had been sent to Liverpuu',
as having sold ex ship at 245., and these fae.'7.,
coupled with the capital demand at last montne?,
auction sales, have no doubt considerably in fiuene "1
sellers. The quality of the wool, too, is so univer-
sally first rate, that doubtless some are desirous ru
sell it by public competition, Though, therefer_!
the title of wool fair has been in some measure
_'",.
misnomer this year, it must not be supposed that
our annual gathering shows any sign of decreasa
ing. importance, for probably there never was
~,,
busier and more useful meeting than on this 61"
C08i913.