The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-06 00:00:00

The following letter on the supply of Om
has been extensively circulated in the South :
" New Orleans, July 29.
" My dear General,—You will see by the papers
so long
that the factors and insurance offices of this city,
planters
as well as their constituents, the planters, are in
favour of holding back their crops from market
sion of the cotton zone should awsiltlhebuwrnarthaneidr blockade.fcontinues. The
national reproach to us that we have permitted our cottonul
di
taukseeripoluaseei.nvai
own fields to be uncultivated, and that our spinners think it would be well for the Government to
and manufacturers have been driven by necessity purchase
the
notesof
entire
denominationser o crop of co tton ,ot acids
dole.pa and
yforit
to consume the produce of slavery. Lacking the Treasury
upwards. The cotton could be held back at the
tu u u u
t receiving
e f
say fromst e
r a g thee.
TheGo-
means of communication and of irrigation, the re-
sources of the East Indies remain in much the same m
dormant condition lin which they have been for pvlearnntateinoli
staple could thus be held by the Government at
tsh—altfhe th planter
amount
2,000 years. But higher prospects are opening in small risk and charge, without the intervention
that great dependency—railways are being con- of agents or office holders, and the Treasury notes
structed, canals formed, river navigation improved,, thus issued
would at once enter into general cir-
culation, the banks as well as individuals receiv-
and works of irrigation proceeded with. One great i '
ng them in payment of debts and in the general
defect is, however, retained with perverse tenacity
.1 •1 operations of trade. This, for obvious reasons, would
The tenure of land is obstructive alike to the rights be a powerful means of bringing the war to a close,
of individual ownership, and to its effective cultiva- and the cotton afterwards sold would be the basis ,
tion. Without doing the slightest wrong to the of redemption of the Treasury notes. At all events
holders the universal sentiment is that not a bale of cotton
of any land, its equitable transfer might be
should be suffered to be sent to markets outside of
sanctioned, and a landed proprietary as influential
the Confederate States until their sovereignty and
as in our country might be established. Let our independence has been recognised by France, Eng-
fee-simple system be adopted there, and a wealth- land, Spain, and the United States, and peace re-
producing revolution will be the result. Small sup- stored upon just and honourable tents.
plies of cotton as good as that obtained from New " The reintegration of the Union is an impossi:
Orleans are now received from India, and the cotton bility, and the sooner the statesmen of Europe and
the United States understand this and appreciate
of this vast dependency is certainly improving. But the power of the Confederate States to assert, phy-
whilst from a combination of circumstances, the sica • li
y and morally, and for ever tp maintain, their
ryot of India is only paid 12i. per acre for his crop independence and sovereignty, the sooner they will
of cotton, and the American cultivator can obtain be impelled to yield to the necessity of securing
£l2, the energy and capability of the former cannot peace, and the restoration of affairs to their natural
condition
be developed. Supposing efforts to be made corn-Conservative. This is
in a
the
ghe North sentiment
and 'Pest, outsideamongst
menin
W
mensurate with increased difficulties, all the common the walls of ashingtois. Paesistence an oppo-
cottons, or 75 per cent. of the consumption of Great -
site course by the Federal useentive and. Congress
Britain, might be obtained from India in a couple cannot long be maintained, tor la:.. eequiosced in by
of years. Protection to sugar destroyed the culti- France and England, for the process would be too
vation of cotton in the West Indies ; and the spirit- exhaustive of the vital interests of the former, and
too damaging to the commerce and manufactures of
less and apathetic conduct of the owners of a lar e
g the latter.
part of the property of these islands has prevented "France and England cannot remain neutral in
the renewal of exertions which could scarcely fail the war, and the very moment they pass from a
being very profitable. Mingled free and slave state of neutrality they must assume, by an inevit-
labour supplies of cotton come from South America. able consequence, one of hostility towards the
pp
United S.
States, as
the power waginwaging;a war of con-
But the Brazilian Government appears to be sincere quest alike in its intent and nature impolitic, unjust,
in its desire to emancipate the negro. From Egypt and damaging to the interests of the world—inapo-
the supply of cotton may increase, but there the litic, because impossible, as one of subjugation and
withering influence of the despot retards its ex- for reintegration ; unjust, because opposing the in-
tended cultivation, though the spirited, energetic, defeasible right of a people to change their govern-
and successful enterprise of Mehemet Ali is an ex- ment and political relations—a right acknowledged
by Englandin the case of the thirteen colonies, as
ample deserving the attention of better men. He in- acknowledged by Europe in the case of France,
troduced agricultural industry into his vice-royalty, Naples, and Rome ; a right, indeed, as old as that
and foundeda fountain of wealth,whenceflowmillions of civil government, and without which the change
of annual income to the advantage of Egypt. For all from despotic to free government could never have
the finer, higher, and better classes of cotton from latter could not
been made, and without which the
be maintained. They who deny these propositions
New Orleans, Brazil, and Egypt, to the most beau- aim . at once at the subversion of civil government,
tiful Sea Island, Queensland in Australia might for
whickLl they would substitute the government of
quickly hff.ird all the requisite supplies. That ter- the sword.
ritory alone, besides sustaining the population of " That persistence in • the war by the North
Europe, could easily be made to produce all the cot- must be damaging to the great commercial and
manufacturing interests of the world, no one, I
'
ton now consumed in the world ; but so sweeping a
think, will deny. Ordinary wars would produce this
change and enlarged production need not be dilated effect
; how much greater must the disastrous
upon, the facts being only referred to as illustrating effects be when trade, manufactures, agriculture,
the powers of the colony . To prove the possibility and navigation are paralysed, and reaction prevented
of immense and immediate supplies of cotton being by the South, acting in self-defence, and holding
grown in Queensland with comparatively little dif- firmly in its grasp the great national basis upon
which, in a great degree, all. those interests. are
ficulty, we must recollect that the present yearly
founded, and when the paralysis threatens especially
consumption of cotton in the United Kingdom is to be fatal to the cotton manufacturers of England,'
2,500,000 bags. Now, the negro labour to raise this France, Spain, and the United States.
quantity of cotton would be one, man for every 10 " The crops everywhere are beginning to burst
bags ; but for ploughing, harroviing, ginning, and forth in abundance. Corn, cotton, sugar, and the
minor products were never more promising. Never
packing horse or mule labour is of course employed
were a people more blessed on this score, and they
in aid ; and in spring and harvest time for weeding, w ill gratefully offer the fruits for the support of
gathering, and cleaning, women and children might freedom and right in which they are engaged. The
afford their help. For that production of cotton p..?ople throughout the land have an abiding faith
250,000 men only would be required ; and supposin ; in the wisdom of the Confederate Congress, and in
the women, the young and the children to be 750,000 the eminent ability, patriotism, and firmness of
President Davis, his cabinet and general. Our
more, the total would thus be one million of human
cause must triumph, and such a people deserve that
beings to ensure the whole supply of the cotton now •
it should. " War. H. CHASE.
consumed by us. Such a population could be obtained " Hon. T. Morton, of Florida, Richmond, Va."
in China, in the East Indies, or in Southern Ger-
many. On whom must we depend for emancipation
of our industry? The governing power has an in-
tense interest in the employment and prosperity of
the labouring classes. - Capitalists generally help
themselves, but the labourer is a dependent being.
Government mnst set its house in order. Land
grants for beneficial purposes should be free, faci-
lities afforded for emigration, public works pro-
moted, and prosperity will follow in the trade.
Capitalists, merchants, and manufacturers, whose
investments are largely embarked in the cotton
trade, have duties devolving upon them, and they
ought not to assume that the commerce of their
country, the labourers, and the markets are crea-
tions for their solo benefit, for with their advantages
and privileges the duties which they owe their coun-
try cannot be dispensed with. These bodies are
known to have large investments in foreign rail-
ways, in the cultivation of sugar and other pro-
ducts, and in many dubious securities, but in the
cultivation of the staple raw material of their own
pursuits they have not ventured to embark. Last
year the cotton trade contributed to ,capital and
labour 50 million pounds sterling ; and in the last
50 years the aggregate re ward has been 1,000
millions. Surely from these treasures might be
spared some pittance of capital to free the negro and
to ensure still greater prosperity to industry. Sup-
posing the Government of our country to be willing
to make all the prelithinary arrangements which
will contribute to the security and profit of capital
invested in cotton growing, the clear duty of the
class referred to will be to enter upon investments
with no niggard hand, and for their encouragement
it may be stated that very recently an extensive
Louisiana cotton planter has asserted that he could
grow cotton at 3d. per lb. which is now worth 91
per lb. in Liverpool, and of course he has had to
buy his labourers and afterwards to sustain them.
The confessed profit is 200 per cent. ; but in all
sobriety of judgment cotton-growing would afford
100 per cent. of recompense. Upon this subject the
warning voice has been long and often heard. and
the present embarrassment in cotton supplies has
been anticipated. Having, therefore, been fore-
warned, may this great and world-benefiting in-
dustry be forearmed.
Mr. Alderman NEELD then read a paper contain-
ing an account of the prices of printing cloth and
upland cotton from 1812 to 1860.
A discussion followed, professedly on the two
papers, but which wholly related to the former.
Cob SYKES, M.P,, said it was a mistake to sup-
pose that there was any difficulty with regard to
landed tenure in India. The cultivator, as long as he
paid the land tax, had a right to cultivate his land
as he liked, and recently the tax had been fixed for
a period of 30 years. It must be remembered that
Government could not produce cotton ; it must be
produced by the cultivator, and it was a question of
price with him. If he could cultivate sugar or any
other product with greater profit than cotton he
would certainly do so. No doubt cotton could be
produced in India in any quantity, but it was a
question of price. Queensland had been spoken of,
but it was a desert. Thero were only some 20,000
or 30,000 inhabitants. It could also be grown to a
great extent on the West Coast of Africa, and there
was a society called the African Aid Society, which
was promoting the cultivation of cotton in tha
district.

EXTRAORDINARY TRIAL IN FRANCE.

Mr. H. Ashworth, Mr. Malcolm Ross, Mr. E.
Ashworth, Mr. Gregson, and Mr. Napier also joined
in the discussion, which turned principally upon
the subject of land tenure in India. At the con-
clusion w vote of thanks, on the motion of Colonel
Sykes, was given to Mr. Bazley and Mr. Alderman
Neeld for their papers.
A paper was then read by Dr. STRANG on the
altered condition of the embroidery manufacture of
Scotland and Ireland since 1857.
Mr. H. AsUwoRTII read a paper on the connexion
of the improvements in cotton bleaching with im-
provements in the condition of the factory popula-
tion.

Professor ROGERS, M.A., read a paper on prices
in England from 1582 to 1620, and the effect of the
American discoveries upon them during that period.

ACCOMMODATION OF THE CORN TRADE AT BIR-
KENHEAD.—The Mersey Docks and Harbour Board at their
weekly meeting held yesterday, agreed to construct new
corn warehouses at Birkenhead at an estimated cost of about
£60,000, exclusive of the internal machinery. Those Nof,
houses whgn completed will provide storage for 10o;VI"
quarters of grain.

On the 27th of May last, at six o'clock in the
morning, a poor old woman, named Champfort, who
was milking her cows in her stable, was struck down
suddenly by two blows from behind. She fell,
shrieking for aid, but managed to turn round and
recognise her murderer. It was a young man, aged
Leopula Parisot, who had come to ner the pre-
vious day to ask for work, and had been at once ad-
mitted to her table. The murderer was soon arrested ;
but suspicions were excited that Parisothad accom-
plices in his crime, and on August 24 five persons
were brought up at the Court of Assizes de l'Aube.
These weige, first, Leopold Parisot ; second, Marie
Rosalie Dornon, wife of a butcher named Virey ;
Mario Jeanne Champfort, wife of a farmer named
Gamier, and the two husbands. It came out on in-
vestigation that the woman Gamier was an object
of terror to all the inhabitants of her district from
her irregular life and revengeful character. It was
found also that she had been prosecuted for procuring
abortion and. robbery. The evidence went to show
that the woman G arnier and her husband had offered
Leopold Parisot a sum of money to murder the poor
old woman, their mother. In his previous examina-
tion Parisot at first denied the crime, but ultimately
confessed his guilt. According to the charge the
woman Gamier had contemplated the crime for
some time, and had proposed it to several people,
amongst others to a servant named Henault, with
whom she maintained an adulterous connection ; on
his refusal, she applied to the two Vireys, and they
got Parisot to consent to do the murder for a consi-
deration. Parisot himself had been formerly con-
victed of robbery. After his release from prison he
went to the house of the Vireys, and was at last
persuaded to commit the crime by the woman
Virey, with whom he was on terms of improper in-
timacy, Whilst he was hesitating, on the very day
of the murder, Virey came to him with a bottle of
brandy, made him drunk, and directed him to kill
the old woman. On examination Parisot said, " I
got into the house by the garden. I had no arms.
I took up a large stake. The woman Champfort
was in her stable milking. I struck her twice on
the back of her head and she fell. Her fall shocked
me so I could not do any more, and I ran away."
On being cross-questioned as to the complicity of -
the Vireys, he persisted in the assertion that all he
had stated respecting. them was true. The Vireys
and the Garniers denied the charge.
M. Pierre Urbaine Simonneau, priest at Cur-
rangy, gave the following evidence :—" Early in
1860 Madame Champfort came to me to apprise me
of her intention to bequeath part of her fortune to
the Church. I asked her to reflect, reminding her
that she had a daughter and a grandson. She said,
My daughter shall have nothing from me ; she has
dishonoured me ; she even tried to strangle me, and
but for her father would have done so_' The day
of the crime a person said to me, It is not very
wonderful ; she has been sold and paid for some
time.' On the 3d June following Madame Champ-
fort told me that she had acquainted her daughter
with her determination to disinherit her, and she
said, ' She did not kill me then ; but mind, sir, I
shall not die a natural death.'
Isidore Henault, in the service of the Garniers,
i—th"l‘Fla9dr ahmoeniGe ahave I beenhave
yaretaiiresrl,
odnepintimate
tfeorllmows
ws
several times assisted in carrying out her
views of
vengeance. She had conceived a violent hatred
against her mother, becaase'she wished to disinherit
her. Several times she spoke to me about killing
her, and offered me I,ooof. to do it. Ono day during
the fair at Euiy, she took me with her to her mo-
ther's house, and had with her a rope to strangle
her with. We were to throw her in the well, and •
put her sabots by the side to make believe she had
committed suicide. On reaching the house I refused
to enter and went off."
A woman named Richard was the next witness.
She said—" One ckty the woman Virey brought the
woman Gamier to my house. After a little conversa-
tion the latter said to me that I passed for a wise wo-
man, and that if I could find some means to cause her
mother's death she would pay me well. The next
day she came again. She told me that her mother
wished to disinherit her, and that she would gladly
give me I,ooof. if I could get rid of her. Some days
afterwards she took me into the counting-house
of the Vireys. Her husband was present. S 111)
offered to write me out a cheque for 2,000 f.. if I
would kill her mother. When I refused she said,
Be quick, mere Richard, for she is going tsoev
give
everything to the priest.' She came to
to kill her
times afterwards to try and get
hembead gone her-
mother. She also told me tbt!tths a
rope, but that
self to strangle her motherhwi
barking of the dogs."
r she had been prevented by e
n the jury returned a
After an hour's deliberatio ,
old
Leopo Parisot the
verdict of guilty
against woman Virey c • •
woman Gamier, and the acquitting
two latter. ph' President
the husbands
ofthe Gamier to the
the woman Punishment
condemned
ordered that she
of death, and
.should be conducted
to the place of execution en chemise, with her feet
bare, and her head covered with a black veil.
Parisot and the woman' Virey are condemned to
hard labour for life. The fury
signed a petition
recommending the woman Gamier to mercy.