The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-14 00:00:00

3, GREAT MARLBOROUGH
-S
PANTHEON. TREET, W., NEAR
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Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi-
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IMO

In accordance with orders from the Lords of the
Admiralty, the screw steamships Donegal, 99, Capt.
Sherard Osborne, C. 8.; Conqueror, 99, Capt. Ed-
ward Sotheby, C.B. ; and Sanspareil, 79, Captain
Arthur P. E. Wilmot, C. 8., left Plymouth Sound
yesterday, about noon, with the expeditionary bat-
talion of Royal Marines for Mexico. At the time of
departure the wind was blowing half a gale from
the northward of east, accompanied by rain, with
every appearance of increasing heavy weather. The
intention to touch at Madeira is, we believe, aban-
doned, but the squadron will call at Barbadoes and
Jamaica en route to Vera Cruz. A rumour that
was generally believed at Plymouth on Tuesday
evening, that these vessels were to be delayed sail-
ing by the Admiralty for eight days, on account of
an expected gale, has proved incorrect.
In consequence of the time which must be occu-
pied in repairing the defects of the paddlewheel
steamvessel Advice, M. Raymond master, at Devon-
port, her crew will be turned over to the gunboat
Lark, which will proceed to Queenstown when
supplied with stores.

The order for paying off the screw steamship
Centurion, 80, at Plymouth, " all standing," has
been countermanded by the Lords of the Admi-
ralty. She is now to be dismantled and her stores
are all to be returned.

The paddlewheel steamer Adder, tender to the
Wellesley, 74, guardship to the sailing reserve at
Chatham, embarked from St. Mary's Island, shortly
after daylight yesterday morning, a party of 140
convicts, from the Chatham convict establishment,
with which she proceeds to the Nore, where they
were transferred to the convict transport Lord Dal-
housie for conveyance to Gibraltar, there to be em-
ployed on the works in connection with the repair
of the fortifications.

The sailing liner Wellesley, 74, which is under-
going conversion at Chatham for a receiving and
training ship for boys and lads, has been removed
from her moorings in the harbour to the floating
shears to have her present lower masts removed, in
order to be fitted with smaller masts and yards. A
party of carpenters from the guardships Formidable,
84, and Fisgard, 42, have been for some time past
employed at Chatham in preparing and lengthening
the masts of the Diamond, 27, attached to the sail-
ing reserve, which are to be placed on board the
Wellesley. In order to accommodate the large
number of boys who will be attached to the Welles-
ley the most extensive alterations have been made
in her internal fittings, and the interior has under-
gone a complete metamorphosis. The whole of the
seamen pensioners now serving on board are to be
discharged, and able and ordinary seamen only re-
tained on board the vessel. With the exception of
a few 32's to be used in the instruction of the lads,
all the guns have been taken out and removed to the
ordnance stores. The lower deck is to be given up
exclusively to the boys, the seamen having berths
and accommodation provided for them on the orlop
deck.

A were yesterday received at
C
directing that no more frigate frames are
tohbaetdhmity o
am
converted
ra
until further orders are received,
from which it is inferred that the Admiralty are
about to suspend the construction of new ships of
that class.
The screw corvette Barossa, 21, 1,700 tons, 400-
horse power, is ordered to be brought forward, with
the utmost despatch, for the first division of the steam
reserve in the Medway, at Chatham, to be in readi-
ness for immediate commission, when required. The
Barossa is almost complete in her rigging and fit-
meats, and is expected to be ready to go out of the
steam basin at Sheerness in the course of a day or
two, when she will immediately join the steam re-
serve fleet under the command of Captain C. F.
Schomberg.
Every exertion is being made in forwarding the
Rattlesnake, 21, in No. 4 dock in Chatham-yard.
Several gangs of workmen are actively engaged

Last Sunday week appeared in the Courrier du
Dimanche an article from the pen of M. E. Pelle-
tan, headed "La Liberte comme en Autriche," con-
trasting the liberal institutions awarded by the
Emperor of Austria to his people with those exist-
ing in France; and the contrast is greatly to the
advantage of the former. It appears that it has
given offence to the Minister of the Interior, who
has no great admiration for Parliamentary govern-
ment, and that the paper has been seized with a
teoffensive
article:--he following
are a few ex-
tracts
view to
hfero
m h
re was a time when Franco was in the ad-
vancedv guard of liberty. She exercised sovereignty,
forie‘ she controlled the revenue and the expenditure ;
she named the Government, and while she invested
it with powers to act for her, she stood erect be-
hind it, and maintained her right of diseussion with
it—that is, of superintendence. And so, every
hour, and without any interruption, directly or in-
directly, under one form or another, with one
liberty or another, France kept her influence in the
policy of the country, and governed in participation
with the Government ; for what statesman could
adopt any measure whatever in the business of u
free people without taking into account her opinion ?
The jaded spirit of I know what ante-chamber de-
mocracy affects a profound disgust for the liberal
which consents
system, which it calls the system of prating. The
to press,
sp speak
hostileon ly oi
nf freedom
to
mo f speech,transform France into a
nation of deaf and dumb people, can speak of the
liberal regime as it pleases, but at least it cannot
say that that regime placed the spirit of inquiry in
suspicion and demanded silence as its condition,
Far from refusing or fearing to reason, liberty ap-
pealed from it, the very first, to discussion. But
it is not by induction only that we may estimate
the Liberal regime, it is by experience. It has
lived; and in the memory of our generation it
made of France the living thought, the univer-
sity, the academy of Europe. It recalled philo-
sophy, revived eloquence, regenerated history,
transferred poetry, revolutionised literature. Not
one of us but could tell from memory at this mo-
ment the list of all the talents of the very first
order—writers, artists, orators, publicists, econo-
mists—whom we found placed as an escort of honour
round the footsteps of freedom. Many have dis-
appeared. Some survive in France and abroad,
Every day Time removes them to the other side of
the mountain. Death exhausts our supplies of
genius ; but do we renew them ? Where are the
glories we have got in exchange ? All we now do
is to enlighten ourselves, to warm ourselves in the
last rays of the setting sun."
This is not a bad beginning. Again :
" The free press had its eye ever open to the
gambling of speculation. Then was not witnessed

the repetition of the Mississippi bubble of the Re-
gency, nor of the hells under the guise of banks,
nor of Samuel Bernard by turn of the hand rising
from the dept of the Rue Quincampoix to the sum-
mit of opulence, and falling from the heights of his
millions to the bar of a police-court. The liberal
regime presented something less dramatic to the
imagination. It even affected modesty. Neverthe-

less, it did much for the people, negatively and
affirmatively, in spite of all which apocryphal de-
mocracy in its hatred of liberty can allege. Instead
of sporting with the blood of a people, the Revolu-
tion of July preferred the spectacle of the peaceable
majority of a free nation in the full enjoyment end
practice of its liberty. The glory consisted in
spreading around it its ideas rather than the smoke
of cannon. It took the lead of the public mind in
Europe, and merely by the seduction of its example,
merely by its press and its Parliaments, it drew
successively every nation within the system of gra-
vitation of the French people. Must we once more
repeat the testimony of a statesman of despotism ?
Thanks,' he said, to the development of liberal
institutions, effected through the inspiration of
French spirit, France Will have gained more by
peace than war could have given her, she will see
herself encircled by a rampart of Constitutional
States, living with her lifeinfluence.' " life, and acting under her

After enumerating the advantages in favour 6

Austria, he says :

,6 Austria, moreover, possesses individual liberty
in its plenitude: A law of M. de Schmerling has
just proclaimed the inviolability of the citizen's

home. The Austrian father of a family may hence-
forth sleep in security. The police agent will no
longer come, like a thief in the night, break open his
door, and surprise him during his first sleep. Aus-
tria has besides liberty of the press—at least pro-
jected. This project, though bearing the trace of
mistrust,still recognises the rights of every Austrian
citizan to found a journal, on the sole condition of
making a previous declaration to the police, and
depositing as caution money a sum of 8,000 florins.
This low figure testifies to the good intention of
enlarging, rather than of limiting, the right of
discussion. In the absence of the jury, which is as
yet unknown to the Austrian code, the superior
courts of justice alone can, in case of an offence,
decide on the article incriminated, but in presence
of the public, with open doors, with complete pub-
licity of the pleadings, pending the trial and after it."
After showing the other advantages possessed by
Austria, M. Pelletan concludes thus :

" We hope better, we avow, of the young man
who now tries to keep together the dislocated Aus-
trian empire. It is in his belief of the impotence
of despotism that he has granted his constitution.
Why should he desire to destroy it ? Has he, in-
deed, like Haynau, spots of blood upon his hands
which all the perfumes of Arabia cannot wash
away ? As for us, Frenchmen, whom destiny dis-
poses to modesty when liberty is in question, we
would willingly accept the chance offered to Aus-
tria as an instalment of what has been promised
to us. As good neighbours, however, we rejoice at
the attempt of M. Schmerling. We oven see in it
a new victory for France on the Danube. For
wheresoever leibehrtayvemaideed a right kuesu fresh
iletonjo claim a
conquest, the
French
fipourttiownorkotna'
enth,ethpeafiterrsntituyp.
toMtr there
taws:, tnhoet first

James Stansfeld, Esq., M.P., delivered a lecture
to a large audience last Tuesday Light, in the
Mechanics' Hal], Halifax, on the Italian question.
Mr. STANSFELD, M.P., on stepping forward, was
received with great cheering. Ho observed that
there was a sound rule in institutions like the pre-
sent excluding party politics from the subjects of
lectures and discussions. But the Italian movement
was not a question of party politics. He was not
aware of the English party which did not desire
the freedom, the independence, and, he might add,
the unity of the Italian people. (Cheers.) He then
proceeded to say that the close of the campaign of
1848.49 left Italy with two policies open to be pur-
sued—namely, that put forth by the Republican
party for the unity of Italy, and that of monarchy
under the House of Savoy, as the kingdom of the
North. Italy was at that time bent down, but even
then it was felt that Austria had not taken up a
permanent position in the country—that she was
only, in fact, encamped there. There was a desire
for Italian unity, and the existence of a large and
active popular party—the Republican party—to
which the nation was obliged, now and for ever,
for the independence of their country. The hon.
member next pointed out the causes which he con-
sidered led Piedmont to support the popular voice
for unity. One reason was that Piedmont was the
only Italian nation which was independent of
Austria, and to her the people looked for assistance.
Then the extensive emigration which took place of
the oppressed people into Piedmont constituted
another link between that kingdom and the Italy
of the future. Then, constitutional Piedmont was
sagacious enough to see that she must embrace the
popular party or she would lose her influence.
Many Italian statesmen had all along treated the
notion of unity as a chimera. They appeared to
expect a union or federation of the nations, from
which Austria would be excluded, but they did
not see the unity of the Italians. He then spoke of
Count Cavour, and said an attempt had recently
been made to claim for him the credit of conceiving
the idea from his childhood of the unity of Italy.
He (Mr. Stansfield) and every Englishman were
interested in arriving at a just appreciation of the
services of that great man, who might years ago
have had his visions of building up the kingdom of
Italy, as he called it, but which did not, in the
phraseology of the time, mean more than a union
of the northern provinces. He (Mr. Stansfield)
asserted, from his own personal knowledge, that
there had not been a time since 16348—since
Piedmont, in fact, became a Constitutional king-
dom, and ceased to be the tool of Austria—when
the Republican party wore not ready to accept
monarchy, provided monarchy would commit its
fortunes to the unityof the country. In proof of
this he would refer to the object of the founder of
the party—a man who had been in continuous
exile, or who had visited his country at the risk of
his life—he meant Joseph Mazzini, who had long
been his friend, and whom he perhaps knew better
than any other person in England or Italy.
(Cheers.) The name of Mazzini had been made to
suggest the ideas of anarchy, civil war, disregard
of the best counsel aud interests of his country. Mr.
Stansfield then proceeded to show that Mazzini's
great aim Lad been all along Italian unity. He and
his party remained absolutely true to that idea.
He it was who planned the insurrection of Sicily;
it was the same party who prepared the way for
Garibaldi's entrance into Naples; it 'was this party
that furnished the bulk of the volunteers, and gave
Naples and Sicily to the new kingdom of Italy.
There were few men in England (Mr, Stansfield
said, in conclusion) who, not loving Italian unity,
sought to gratify their despotic instinct by remarks
upon the policy of Cavour, and who would like to
see nothing but the rivalries and jealousies of par-
ties and public men—but when he looked he en-
deavoured to raise himself aboye all such petty