The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-17 00:00:00

TO TEEN EDITOR OF Triz BUY.

Str,,—Your remarks and those of your corre-
spondents upon the currency question have con-
veyed so much instruction to myself and other
readers, that I venture to ask for information re-
lative to some terms, which will often be used in
the coming discussion.
'Lie terms to which I refer are " standard,"
" measure," " value," and " price," and I am the
more anxious to know the truth, because in some
of the London journals the,e terms are employed
in such a manner as to produce confusion in the
minds of those who study the complicated questions
involved in the currency. We read, for instance,
that "gold is a measure of value," that " gold is
the standard of value," &c., &e. ; while others say
that " corn is the standard of value," and " gold is
the measure of value."

First with regard to standards and measures ; it
is laid down by mathematicians that a measure
must be some definite magnitude or quantity,
having reference to a fixed standard. Fur ex-
ample, that a yard, a furlong, or a mile, are all
" measures" of length, but that they have all a
ceriain ratio to the "standard" yard, which used
to be kept in the Exchequer or the Tower. For
scientific purposes the " standard" is a certain
length calculated by means of the Seconds' Pendu-
lum at Greenwich ; but for commercial purposes
the " standard" yard of the Exchequer is deemed
sufficient.

Thus in measuring length we have one fixed
standard, and several mewures—as yard, furlong,
&c., which are all in a certain proportion to the
original standard, which serves as the point of de-
parture, or " basis of measurement."

May we apply the same mathematical principle
to the question of value ? That is to say, must the
standard be some fixed quantity, and must the
measure or measures all have some ratio to the
standard ? If so, it is the height of absurdity to
say that gold, corn, or any other commodity, can
be either a standard or a measure of anything. It
seams to me that a shilling, a crown, or a pound,
may be measures, and that a pound sterling may
be a standard of measurement ; but to say that
"gold is a meature," seems as reasonable as to say
that "a mountain is a measure," or that "a forest
of trees is a measure." Gold may be the com-
modity in which the measure is calculated, but that
is quite another thing. But assuming that the
Government pound sterling, of a certain weight
and fineness, is the "standard," and that the shil-
ling, the crown, and the pound in common use are
"me isures," of what are they the measures ?
It can hardly be denied that they are measures
of price : for if you ask a tradesman what is the
price of a hat or coat, he will immediately answer
"one pound," or "two pounds," as the case may
be ; and by this he means that you must give one
or two pounds, which are each equal to the Go-
vernment pound sterling, and which bear a cer
fain ratio to the same.

Therefore the price of commodities is measured
by definite sums of money, which sums have refer-
ence to a standard fixed and determined by the
Government..
But value would exist even if there did not exist
a single coin in the kingdom ; the exchange of com-
modities, bearing value, is the fundamental princi-
ple of barter.
What, then, is the " standard of value ?" and
what are the measures having a ratio to thAt stan-
dard ? If the pound sterling is the " standard of
value," then it coincides with the " standard of
ptic?," and we have no check or any means of
comparing the one with the other. And yet as
price and value are not the same thing, it must be
desirable to have such means of comparison. If
any one says that gold is the standard of value, I
ask what gold ? Is it the gold at present in Eng-
land, or in Europe, or in the whole world ?
want some definite answer, and not a vague gene-
ralisation.
If it be answered that the corn bushel is the
standard of value, I can understand that, and can
clearly see how it may be compared with the pound
sterlirot as the standard of price. But then the
corn bushel is not rOcognised, and it might be
asked, why should corn be chosen ?
The difficulty seems this—to know whether there
be a standard of value as distinguished from the
standard of price. For it seems that as value is the
ratio of commedities compared with each other, so
price is the ratio of commodities as compared with
money. _ _

Iu ordinary conversation, we often speak of
value when we ought to talk about price ; but such
confusion of terms is not pardonable in the case
of writers who teach the people.
Above all things, the difficulty is great enough
without introducing any confusion in the terms
" standard" and " measure" ; for if there be any
meani.u.4 in words, the standard or " standard
measure" is the " basis of measurement," and the
various measures are nothing else than calculations
made upon th 3 basis, according to a certain ratio.
Any information upon this matter will be very
acceptable.—l aw, Sir, yours respectfully,
Liverpool, .Nor. 16, 1857.

X. T.

THE MONETARY CRISIS AT HAMBURG.

HAMBWRG, Nov. 12.—1 n spite of the severe and
trying crisis in the United States, when each suc-
cessive post brings the news of banks at ,pping pay-
ment, commercial houses failing, and bills being
returned with protest, it is satisfactory to be able
to state with the single exception of Messrs. Win-
terhof and Pieper, whose failure took place last
week, the merchants of this city have hitherto jus-
tified the confidence reposed in them, and
upheld the credit of the Hamburg Exchange.
The day before yesterday (Tuesday) they
were exposed to the most severe ordeal of
the whole crisis, for on that day arrived simul-
taneously the intelligence of the stoppage of the
Western Bank of Scotland, the failure of Messrs.
Naylor; Vickers, and Co., Messrs. Denuistoun and
Co., and a large Dutch house (F. Gallenkamp and
Co.' of Amsterdam), by all of which our merchants
are losers to a considerable amount. In addition
to this the news came of the Bauk of Eriglapd's rais•
ing their rate of discount to 10 per cent., which had
the immediate effect of producing a similar rise in
our own discount market. And as if all this was not
sufficient for one day, it was further reported that
Prussia was going to prohibit the export of silver
dollars, which, however, fortunately turned out to
be a canard, put in circulation by the alarmists.
But though no failures have as yet actually taken
place, it is not unlikely that a good many may be
looked for, if the crisis in England and America
does not soon pass over, and above 20 firms are
mentioned whose bankruptcy is expected in the
course of next week, and amongst whom are some
of our oldest and most eminent houses.

It is stated that a well-known publicist, Dr.
Wollheini de Fonseca, is about to establish a new,
journal of colossal dimensions, tq be a Rusiian
political organ like Le Nord at Brussels. In spite
of the sympathies felt here for everything Russian
it is rather a hazardous experiment, as Hamburg
publishes at present a more than average number of
political, social, and local newspapers of all sorts
and sizes.

Universal satisfaction has b2en produced here by
the intelligence that at the solicitation of the Chain
bers of Commerce Mr. Baines has undertaken to
bring forward the question of the Stade Dues on
the meeting of Parliament.

A PROCURNSS.—Madame Annie Rosenberg, wiko has
achieved an infamous reputation by a long course of dis-
solute practices, was on Saturday brought before Mr.
Mansfield, the stipendiary magistrate, having been appre-
hended early that morning, under a warrant which was
issued against her at the last sessions, for keeping a disor-
derly house. When the warrant was issued the prisoner
was in Hamburg, where she bad been in the habit of visit-
ing periodically, for the purpose, it is alleged, of procur-
iug gitlz, whom she induce-i, upon various pretences, to
accompany her to Liverpool, and then accomplishes
their moral destruction. Early on Saturday morning
she arrived in Li, erpeol from Hamburg, baying iu her
charge three young Belgian girls, for whom she bad
procured temporary lodgings in Everton, but whom ulti-
mately she intended to lure into her den of infamy and
vice in Hotbam-street. Fortunately, however, detective
officer Smith was " on the spot," and just as Madame
Annie was completing her arrangemeute, he tapped her
gently on the shoulder, and informed her that she was
" wanted." Mr. Campbell, who appeared for tho pri-
soner, pleaded the great hurry of tee capture and inabi-
lity of the prisoner to instruct him fully. He asked if
she could be liberated on her own recognisasces 1 Mr.
Mansfield—l believe this- lvoman's business consists in
getiag girls from Hamburg and other places, and ire-
portieg them into this town for infamous purposes. She
is a most notorious wo:nan in her business. My ofnee
in the mater, however, is 6meplyinriiiiiii:itt
i:hael,raunnddlershiahlol
have performed my duty by o
Rae isier'e, warrant. She must enter into her eVIII re-
cognisances in 2001., and find two sureties in 1001 each,
to appear for trial at the next sessions. Mr. Patteson,
who was the prosecuting eolicltor in the case of the
Linoc,treet " hop," also appeared to prosecute upon this
occasion, The three girls, who have been thee happily
rescued from the toile of the precuress, will be taken
care of by the police authorities until they can be re-
stcred to their friends. The girls themselves were not
in court, nor did their names transpire. The prisoner
is also said to have a large establishment cf a disgrace-
ful nature in London, where she is reported to occupy a
house magnificently furnished. Rumour states that at
a sale, some time ago, of the household effects of a,
Liverpool gentleman, whose state of health demanded
his removal to a more genial climate, she purchased a
wardrobe which had not very long previously cat its
owner 4001,--LiVerpool

POLISH' MEETING ON INDIA.
(THIS DAY.)

To-day being the anniversary of the death of Lord
Dudley Stuart, a meeting of the Polish Historical So-
ciety was held 'at Sussex-chambers, Duke-street, St.
James's, to cornmemorats the memory of the departed
champion of the Polish cause.

In the absence from London of Colonel L. Szyrma,
president, the chair was occupied by the vice-president,
Vlajor C. SZOLCZEWSKI, who thus addressed the meet-
ing :—Another year has passed over our heads, and, as
regards the world in general, the veil of oblivion has been
irawn closer still around our beloved fatherland. But
see who know that this veil covers not a dead nationality
(as Russia would have the world believe, whose elements
are being rapidly transmitted into a second Russia), but
a living body, still instinct with the energy of patriotism
and the love of freedom and independence, we have met
once more on this anniversary of a most painful loss to
give a proof of this enduring national life, by express-
ing in the name of Poland her undying remembrance s f
and gratitude to, Lord Dudley Stuart, the faithful friend
who, for so many years, had unfurled the standard of her
independence, seeking to rally around it the sympathies
if Europe, and who may be said to have died, as he had
lived, for,our cause. When his memory shall have perished
from a neng us, then, indeed, we may say that all hope
for Poland is gone ; for a nation that forgets its benefac-
tors, and particularly such as have exerted themselves
in the interest of its highest spiritual life, will soon lose
its self-respect, and with this all that renders it most
worthy of independence. But, thank God, so low we
Poles have not fallen. Deep in our hearts we still cherish
the remembrance of those who have stood by us in our
adversity, and, above all others, the remembrance of him
who was taken from among us on this day three years
ago. To dwell in detail on the great services readered
by Lord Dudley Stuart to our cause would be super-
fluous in an assembly where every member is as
familiar with them as myself ; but it will, perhaps, not
le out of place, as a tribute to the memory of the poli-
tical sagacity which he always evinced, as regards the
cause so dear to his heart, to point to the present stater
)1 p ilitical affairs in the Danubian Principalities, where,
once more, is being verified what he so often said, that
Russia's subtlest and most victorious battles were fought
in the sphere of diplomacy—where her greatest triumphs
were generally achieved after a signal defeat in the field.
tend as a piece of intelligence that would have been
4rat.fying above everything to the friend, to h moor
whose memory we have assembled, and which ought to
be most cheering to us, I would further mention that
All the authentic information that we obtain from I'eland
continues still to show how well-:Tounded was th a hope
ve entertained during the recent great European con-
flict, that the people of Poland was fully prep: 'red to
rise against its oppressors had the Allies but giv en the
•ignal, and to prove that the hope of independence
is still the loadstar of the nation. As an unbiassed
testimony to the feelings that animate our coun-
trymen at home, I may mention that an Enelish-
nan very recently returned from Poland, a, ter a
Lang residence there,and on being asked the other
.lay, by one who was inclined to believe is e the

umours so iiligently spread by Russian a gents,
whether it was true that there was no Polish patriots
except among the emigration, exclaimed with flaishing
eyes—" True I nay, nothing can be more false Cin the
Jontrary there is not a Pole who is not a patriot I " It
Was from the love of his own happy country and from
nis appreciation of its free and ennobling institi ttions
that sprung, in the first instance, Lord Dudley St wets
sympathy with the wrongs of Poland, and I may, t here-
tore, be permitted in connection with his name to tay a
few words in allusion to the terrific struggle in rhich
this country is at present engaged, and for its 'nice, issful
issue, fir which it has the warmest wishes of . ;very
lover of mankind. Some few, indeed, there are v 'lose
feelings out-tripping their judgment, seem to plat, ► the
Indian mutiny in the same category as the ri;ing o; the
oppressed nationalities in Europe, and who mai atain
that the Hindoos have the same claim to support and
sympathy as Poles, and Hungarians and Italians, But,
supposing, even that this was not a national move ment
in India, which there is, however, not reason for b. 'Hey-
ing—shall we allow the noble efforts of civilised na tieing
to throw off the yoke of foreign despots, who are e. idea-
vouring to stifle every expression of this national life,
to be confounded with tee purposeless rising of bar-
birian hordes against a Governmant, which, thou rh it
he of foreign race, and though it may have been E vale-
Limes mistaken as regards administrative measures , hal
ever, evinced a sincere desire to rule them with
and mildness, and has carried its respect for their
national peculiarities and religion so far, as even to have
this tolerance held up against it, as a matter for scorn
and reproach. Shall we allow the sacred cause of na
liberty and independence, and the o pen and bon(); irable
warfare of chivalrous and highly principled patrio ts, to
be confounded with the cause of a set of cow ardly
and treacherous ruffians, whose only deeds of v alour
consist in the butchery, and worse than butcher y, of
helpless infants and defenceless women, and.whos s sole
aimseetns
idea o
plunder
such a
r?Nan indtifiea
y,eveenrymntniloyn of causesfeelmgr ;:r And
I against the
;incite
lam sure,atleast,talt mouaryssianycerienstthweisnhaesmaereoffoarltl hPeosluischcepsas' of the
nation which has for so many years afforded us gee irons
hospitality, and of the country that is the ohie f re-
presentative of liberty, true order, and indepeni fence
in the woad.
Major GIELGUD, in paying a touching tribute . sf re-
spect to the memory of Lord Dudley Stuart, obs ;rued
that the Poles in this country are not indifferent ti ) the
fearful struggle now going on in India, and are an xious
to convince the British public of their feelings in that
respect. He then proposed the following resolutio, 2:—
" That this meeting deeply sympathises with the
disasters which have befallen England in her In dian
empire; and, grateful for the generous hospitality v. +jab
she long afforded to the Poles, begs to testify its fee lingo
by contributing, as, far as the means of the refu gees
allow, to the fund which is now being raised for the
relief of the sufferers from the Indian mutiny.
Colonel B. Wteeeizesst seconded the resolution, and
said that it would be difficult to define the tends 'near
of the revolt in India, but he could not cont
em-
plate, without shuddering, the massacre of in no.
cent chddren and women, which bad nothing to do with
the subjugation of India. He felt horrified at the de, Os
of Nana Sahib—for, supposing the movement in In• lig,
were even a national one, such deeds as were committ ed
by that monster would, certainly, in the opinion of eve 1
man, soil for ever the cause of so unscrupulous an assa
sin. This recalled to his (Colonel's) memory the acts
the late Emperor Nicholas, in 1831, during the late Polish
war of independence, when the Cossacks, whose Hetmat
or Chief was the present Emperor, cut off the breasts oe.
all Polish women at Osztniana. The present Emperor
begged his father, on his knees,. to bestow a medal
of honour on the regiment which had committed such
a barbarous atrocity on that unoffending class. Yet
none of the foreign prints had the boldness of informing
the English public of that fact. Now Alexander and
Nana Sahib may pass to posterity as brothers in crime
committed upon the weaker class of humanity whom
every law, human and divine, confides Vo general pro•
tection .

Several other gentlemen addressed the meeting, which
separated after a vote of thanks to the chairman.

A rum of 5/. ss. was subscribed, chiefly in amounts;
from 61 to a few shillings, which will be duly forwarded
to the Indian Relief Fund.

We learn from Stockholm that the house of Messrs.
Johns and Co., of that city, has engaged to supply the
loan of 20,000,000 of rix thalers banco to the Govern-
ment to carry out the railway schemes, at an interest of
5 5-Gths per cent., and to be liquidated at par in the
space of 40 years.
The Rev. William Hamilton, 8.A., has been licenscri
by the Lord Bishop of Chester to the.stipendiary curacy
of the parish church of Warrington, Lancashire, on the
nomination of the Rev. William Quekett, the
rector, who has recently obtained a license of non-resi-
dencs on account of ill-health.?

THE RON 07 THE SUM/I.—The extraordinary run of
this powerful steamer is hikhly creditable to Captain
Cooper, her respec',ed commander. She arrived at Port
Philip on Wednesday night, Sept. 2, having wade the
passage from Suez in 37 days, bringing English intelli-
gence to the 17th July—the shortest time, on record.
The following are the cates of arrival and departure: ;
From Suez 26th July, at 11 p.m ; arrived at Aden Ist
August 8 a.m. ; sailed 21 August, 6 a.m. ; arrived at
Galle 10th, at 7 a.m. ; sailed again 12th, at 2 p.m. ; sr•
rived at Melbourne 2d Sept., at 11 p.m. We wore fad
voured by Mr. Smith, the purser, with files of the latest
Papers, also our correspondent's despatches, which were
promptly handed to us by Captain Walker, of theWonga
Wonga. The intelligence by the Simla has thus been
received four days in advance. She sailed from Mel-
bourne Heads at 9 p.m., on Friday, the 4th, and hove.
to for a pilot off the Sydney Lighthouse on Sunday
night, at 9 o'clock, thus making the passage in 48 Ileum
Captain Cooper states that he experienced strong S.l
winds all the way from Galle to the Leuwen, or his time
would have been shortened considerably. The Royal
Mail steam-ship European arrived at Point de Galls on
the 21st, and sailed again on 3d July.—" Sydney Morning
Hayed.

brioliT RIME AT PRESTON.—With the exception of five
or six firm, the whole of the cotton manufacturer.; and
spinuerb in Preston have either closed their mills altoge-
ther or have commenced working short time, the latter
being the course generally adopted. There are about
70 different mills in the town, three and in some instance
four mills beingeworked and belonging to one firm. In
these 70 mills it is calculated that not less than 20,000
persons are employed ; and some idea of the depressed
state of the staple trade of the town and its immediate
district may be formed when it is an accredited fact that
the 1.1, ve-rage employment of 20,000 hands does not exceed
at present more than three full days per week. Of enures
this state of things has not exrsted until within the pest
few days, several of the largest firms in the town having
within that period commenced working short time. The
district for a few miles round PI ester] is also similarly
affected. At Walton, Moon's Mill, Bamber-bridge*,
(Thorley, Sanaleebury, Farington, and Hoghton,
places within a ladies of five miles of Preston, the 1111;
owners have been compelled to resort to the alternative °`
short time. In two of the townships named three or four
mills nave been entirely stopped, and throughout the Pres'
ton Union commercial matters have experienced such
severe check that numbers of families have been compelled
to seek relief from the hands of the parochial -authorities,
who being unable, under the existing regulations of the
Poor-law Board, to grant necessary relief to the appli-
cants who are chiefly ab;ebothed persons have writte
,
to the general board in London, requesting them to
the
cancel such an absurd regulation. The poverty in
union is very great, and every day adds to its quota.

MONEY MARKET

AND
0031MEECTAL IrrELLIGENCE,

CITY, Two O'CLOCK.

The Liverpool cotton market yesterday closed
quietly but steadily, at the fail rates current last
week. The sales were 5,000 bales, 1,000 of which
were taken for export. The railway share market
presented an inactive aspect at previous quotations.
Among the failures in the corn trade, to which
reference was made yesterday, we may mention
that of Messrs. B irdgett and Picard, whose
liabilities are estimated at 120,000/. The other
firms, who were also embarrassed, are comparatively
unimportant so far as the engagements are con-
cerned.

In the Colonial Produce Markets there is more
firmness, and several of the principal staples are at
enhanced rates. Sugar is in active request at an ad-
vance of 2g. to 3s. per cwt., and coffee is also rather
dearer. The stock of these two articles in Lou-
don on the 7th instant was as under :
SUGAR. 1857. 1856.
Tons. Tone.
Colonial
Foreign

Total
COFFEE.
Colonial
Foreign

Total

Tea, rice, and most other colonial products, are
higher, and a better feeling generally prevails.
Tallow is flat.

The New York City Banks through the sus-
pension of specie payments are becoming very
strong, and before the meeting of the Legislative
Assembly they will probably be in a better posi-
tion than ever before known. They wisely
determined to limit their discount operations as far
as practicable, and on the 31st ult. their engage-
ments in this department were only 95, 317,754 dols,
whereas, on the Bth of August the total was
122,077,252 (I,lls. While these precautions pro-
tected the Banks however, they necessarily
embarrassed those traders who have been fortu-
nate enough to escape bankruptcy. The specie
is accumulating rapidly, the exports being limited,
and the imports from California are of the usual
extensive character. All they received they were
enabled to keep, and the deposits, which, on the
17th ult. were reduced to 542,696,012, had in-
creased on the 31st to $51,853,153.
The demand for money is still supported with a
good deal of activity, and bankers and others can,
therefore, find full employment for their surplus
Means at remunerative rates. A. great deal of
caution is still observed, but 3 as failures are now
ess frequent confidence is becoming stronger.
Silver is sat, and the business transacted is of a
1 imited character.
The Market for Public Securities is not very
active, but a moderate business has been transacted.
Some bona fide sales have been male, which
have caused a flatter tone. Rumours of an
advanced rate of discount aro circulated ;
but, although they are not believed, they add
to the heaviness of the market. There is also
a good deal of anxiety respecting the meeting of
Parliament, and the subjects which are likely to be
brought under discussion. Consola have been 89k
for money, and 891 I for account. They are
now 89 to 89/, 8951, /, respectively. The New 3
per Cents. are 88 to 888, and the Reduced 88 to 88/.
Exchequer Bills are 18s. to 13s. discount-, and the
Bonds 97k. India Bonds are 30s. discount. Bank
Stock is 2111 to 214.

The stoppage of the Wolverhampton and Staf-
fordshire Banking Company has had a depressing
influence, but, all things considered, the Funds
exhibited remarkable firmness.

The Foreign Stock Market is quiet, and most of
the quotations are flatter. Turkish Six per Cents.
are ; and the 4 per Cents. 961 97. Mexican
%_per Cents, are rather firmer, being 184. Peruvian
44 per
and ditto
Cents. are ; Spanish 3 per Cents., 40i,
Deferred, 24 f:
The following
wing are the nominal prices of Foreign
Stocks ;Grenada Deferred Bonds, 5 6 ; Mexi-
can' --7 a 7
181; Peruvian 4i per Cents., 73 75 ; ditto
° per Cents., - ; Portuguese 3 per Cents.,
42 43 ; Russian 5 per Cents., 104 106 ; ditto 4i
per Cents., 95 97 ; Spanish 3 per Cents., 39/ 40/ ;
ditto New Deferred, 24k 25k.
A further downward tendency is apparent in
the Railway Share market this morning, the
decline being in most instances fully to 1 per
cent. Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee, Great-
Western, North-Western, Manchester, Sheffield,
and Lincoln, Midland, North-British, and North-
Eastern (Berwick,) declined 10s. ; East Lanca-
shire, 15s. ; Bristol, and Exeter, Oxford, Worces-
ter and Wolverhampton, and Soutia-Eastern, 11.
and Caledonian 2/. The foreign lines are neglected
and prices are quite nominal. In the Colonial
undertakings lower rates were current. Great
Western of Canada declined 108. ; East India ss. ;
and Grand Trunk of Canada 11. to 11.10 s.
For Mining shares there was little inquiry.
Alfred Consuls were 141 ; Cobre Copper declined
to 38'

Joint-Stock Bank shares ganerally are at a slight
decline. Bank of Austealia are at 754 76 ; Eng-
,11111) Scottish, and Australian Chartered, 171 ;
London Chartered of Australia, 161 ; London and
Westminster 444 ? and Union of London, 24.
Miscellaneous Shares are quiet. Royal Mail
Steam have declined to 54.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK,
(Froth (he Official Lig:)
India Stock.
Basinesm done.
213 14 11
..
8,, Per k.c:nt. tteduced Annuities
* per Cent. r:onsola Annaities 899 199 9 i
/lew 3 per Cent. Annuities
88
Lo.iz Annuities,
expire stt: Jan. 1860 1 15-16
Ditto 30 Years, expire sth April, 18$5 l7l
Inuin, Honda. .4:100
Uoi.sols for Account .....- ....... 30
89
J3lOOO ..........
.......................... 16 8 13 d
1.5e0 ..
5.... ................................ 12 18 d
Fxchequer. Bonds.. 1858, 34 per 1 d
-
Ditto. 1858.
PRICE ......
...
S OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Mexican 3 per Cent„ .. "
Peruv;an Bonds, 4i Per lB
- ...............
Spanish Rouda, .3 per Cent. 74:1
•
Ditto Account .....
D.. .........
▪ 401
Dttc New Deferred, ... ..
....
itto Account
........
Turkish lionLis, 6 p.r cent.
▪ ▪ 88
Ditto Guaranteed, 4 per Cent ..
96
Dividends on the:abovo payable7in London.
TWO O'CLOCF.
89
S9a

Consols, money ....
Consols account.....

The financial agent of the Portuguese Government
publishes the particulars of the conversion, under the
decree of 1852, and tlhBes6lawfsb of the Ist of June, 1853,
avid the 26th of July
and other securities
of the nonainal value of 3°166°,130d4a/ , making the total
converted up to the 13th of November, 1857. 9,437,195/.
We unaerht and that the reerirtir of the late Earl Fitz-
william, including the larg estates, amounted to
above 200,0001. a-year. The
mutonshire pro-
perty, said to oe tub 30,000.,. a left ton ond son,
and the north riding propetty, about 20,00"0c1. to the
' youngest, besides leaving heavy legacies.
The mails for. Bombay, Madras. and Calcutta, which were despatched front the General Post-office last night
to be sent 'via Marseilles, will be conveyed from the lat-
ter place to Malta in the European and Australian Com-
pany's steamer Vanguard, from Malta to Alexandria in
the Royal Mail Corot any's steamer Tamar, and from
ellez to Bombay in the Peninsular and Oriental Com-
pany's steamer Norma. The mails are expected to reach
)1 )mber about the 14th of next month.
_ THE TRADH OF LIVERPOOL.—LIVERPOOL, Monday.--
The Customs Bill of Entry, published this morning,
`s!hivae
a return of the number and tonnage of the ships
f.r havefeign
entered inwards from and cleared outwards
or
ell as
Ports in the week ending the 14th of. ./%10-,
vseaber, 1857, a
1856. It appears w the corresponding period of
an aggreeate
tor.sn that durine the last week $8 ships of
against 56 ships 39.2"7 of 44,791 tons, entered inwards,
of 32 in the number .0f75 toss'
in 1856, being a decrease
tons in the tonnage thship'' and an increa-e of 12,196
sivepsinuomtber of clearances outward!
during the week
against 73 ships and 50,266 tons
tonnage of 36,990 tons,
“tot in 1856, being a de
crease of 13,276 tons. Ti-,
poratanumber of ships ported inwai es from forcign
re-
year up to the 14th of Nov. was B,9o(7)ring the present
wtha a toe
uf 2 088,222 ions, against 3,825,5, and
2i15
is the year 1856, showing an increase
of 82
b 9 ships and a
675°
tonnags
decrease of 71,453 tons. The total number
cleared outwards for foreign ports during ther opfressheinpts
Year up the 14th of Nov. was 4,445, with a tonnage of
2,945.200 tons, against 4,255 ships, and 2,313,591 tons
ill the year 1856, showing an increase of 182 ships and
' decrea3e of 63,391 tons.

18
20i1
100
100

20
20
20
20