The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-31 00:00:00

TILE PUBLIC HEALTH.

(From the Quarterly Return of the Registrar- General')
This return comprises the births and deaths re;
gistered by 2,197 registrars in all the districts (11;
England during the spring quarter that ended es
June 30, 1861 ; and the marriages in 12,477 churches
or chapels, about 4,446 registered places of worsil
unconnected with tt e Established Church, and 6'l,
superintendent registrars' offices, in the quarter that
ended on March 31, 1861.
The leading facts of the return may be briell
stated. The marriages, which were numerous 1
the concluding quarter of 1860, fell under the PrePf
sure of adverse circumstances in the first quarter 0.0
1861; many more children than usual were born in
the second quarter of this year ; and in the sat
period fine weather, and perhaps other than men
rological causes, were on the whole favourable t
health, for the death-rate was not quite so high
the average.
The population resident in England as enumerated
at the census of Bth April, 1861, may be stated to
be 20,061,725. This statement is derived from the
reports of the local officers, and, though it is VI
bably very near the truth, may undergo some al",
difications when the numbers have been more accof
rately examined at the central-office. The rate °
increase in the last decennium was 12 per cent. r
The number of persons married in the winter
quarter quarter was 66,802. Of 10,:100 of the populat'",d,
135 were married, but if the marriage-rate was strli'd
to the average for that quarter, the number wool
have been 142. Tables that run through a series
of years show that the people are less prone to 01.
into wedlock in the first than in any of the succeed"
in g quarters, and in the present year that season was
eminently unpropitious in consequence of the severe
frost and dearness of provisions. The average weeklie
number of recipients of in-door and out-door reliel,
exceeded by 54,155 that relieved in the winter of
1860. From a comparison of corresponding
ters of 1859-61, it appears that the decline in rat
riages was general over the country. In Lond°'
they fell from 5,751 and 5,668 to 5,346.
that
The number of children born in the quarter t
ended June 30th was 184,718, which is higher
than the number born in any quarter of any Pre;
vious year. The birth rate was nearly 37 Per
1,000 of the population, whilst the average is lees
than 36.
The increase of population as disclosed by the
registers of births and deaths was 76,997, for t 0
that extent the former exceeded the latter, The
rate of increase was equal to 846 daily.
According to the emigration return, about 8,505
,
persons of English origin left ports in the Unite'
Kingdom, of whom 5,241 were bound for the
United States, 776 for the North American colonies}
2,155 for the Australian colonies, 333 for other
places. The total number of emigrants, includil
1,700 foreigners, was 37,987, of whom 25,562 wen
to the United States. The Irish element forrgd
'.
nearly two-thirds of the whole emigration. 1- e
Scottish part of it showed a clear preference I°r
Australia.
The price of wheat was 545. 9d. a quarter, ape
was higher by 2s. ld. than in the previous June,„ quarter, and by 7s. 6d. than in that of 1859. 10
mean price of beef in Leadenhall and Nevig,,e
markets was 5-7,-d.; both highest and lowest Pr,s
013
f
were less than in the same quarter of 1860, w"—
also held in respect of mutton, the mean price r
which was 6-1-d. Best potatoes averaged 130 s. per
tan ; they were dearer than in the same (
quarter °
1859, cheaper than in that of 1860

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE IVEO

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly _Return.)

The iucrease in the mortality noticed in The
vious returns was maintained last week.
deaths in London, which were 1,043 in the first
week of July, rose to 1,207 in the week that ended
last Saturday. The average number as obtairra,
from the returns of the week corresponding with
last week in the ten years 1851-60, and corrected
for increase of population, is 1,214 ; hence, it sr_
pears that though the mortality rose last week,
it has generally done at this season, it did not elc-
ceed its estimated limit.
The deaths by diarrhoea, which were 87 and 134
in the two preceding weeks, rose to 200, the col'
thanrested
sa2ve
occurredra ge being
to
i
infants O
who htohehsaed2oO
no
completedless
the first year of lifej 19 to persons of 20 years of
age and upwards. Besides the cases referred to
158.
the tables to diarrhcea, 20 deaths Were returned al
caused by cholera or choleraic diarrhoea • and
these, all except 8 occurred to children. It may be
added that Marylebone, which contains a popula-
tion of nearly 162,000, returned 16 deaths froel
diarrhoea in the week, and that Lambeth, which
contains about the same number of inhabitants, re'
turned 10 from that complaint. This latter district
•is composed partly of Kennington second par!'
Brixton and Norwood ; and in none of these sub"
districts were any deaths from diarrhcea, or indeed
any of the more fatal complaints of the epidemic
character, regit•tered in the last two weeks.
teen from diarrhoea occurred last week in paneras,
which has a population of nearly 199,000; the
were chiefly is Tottenham-court sub-district and
Somers-town. Diarrhoea was fatal in 7 cases DJ
Islington West sub-district, in 5 in St. Janie,*
Clerkenwell, sin the City-road subdistrict, 5Zr/
West London North, 5 in Limehouse, 5 in 0"
Savour, Southwark, and 5 in Kennington first part'
A man died at the age of 95 years, and tic°
widows at the same age ; also a widow at 94. These
four persons are the oldest of those whose deaths
are recorded in the week.

The bad sanitary condition of the premises is
rear of a house 5, Noah's Ark-place, Lambeth,
where a child died of choleraic diarrhoea, is stated.
It is stated that the stench caused the child "to
shudder, and at once become coliansor
Last week the births of 926 boys and 878 girls,
in all 1,804 children, were registered in Landoll'
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1851.-
60 the average number Was 1,578,
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29'571
in. The barometrical readings rose to 2971 in;,,°;
Wednesday, and fell to 29.40 in. on Friday-
mean temperature of the air in the week was 61,:-
deg., which is 0.7 deg. below the average of ~trre same week in 43 years (as determined by "."-;
e
diGtaslyah:siagh:hdie)si.tt
ihinettoini
ts thelthermometerowwees
et,k4,
9i7n83
.dt3he
de
e.
,sgh.oanednteh resoass
ame
day. The extreme range in the week, and also
.4r_.
that day, was there 23.5 deg. The mean daily
range was 16.1 deg. The difference between t,l,
mean dew-point temperature and air temperature_
was 5.6 chg. The mean degree of humidity of the
air Was 83, complete saturation being
by 100. The wind blew almost constantly from
the south-west. The amount of rain was 0',31 1„ne„
of which 0.32 in. fell on Friday ; more or lesssel
ll
on every day. The thermometer in the sunromeatf
its highest point on Monday, viz., 127. The
temperature of the water of the Thames. was
.643.!
deg. There was thunder and lightning on Frida •
represe_nret

The Bavaria, steamer, which leaves to-day for
New York, takes 25,000 A from gavre, but no Naglid%
EPecigt