The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-01 00:00:00

Price Sixpence, or Post Free for Sev, e 3 a Stamps,
INDIAN RAILWAY AND INDUI3 FLOTILLA
GUARANTEES, examined and found to be delusive,
with extracts from the official Contracts. second Edition,
with an enquiry into the validity of Debeat ores. By .TAMES
MILLS, London : Letts, Son, and Co., 8, l Loyal Exchange.

rtEATRE.ROYAL, HA'. ['MARKET,
Lessee, Ur. J. B. Buctston,

WITS EVENING. the performances wil I commence with
RICHELIEU. Richelieu, Mr. Edwin 800 th ; Julie, Mrs.
Charles Young.
Followed by LEND ME FIVE SHILL' NOS.
And THE HAPPIEST DAY OF MY L ITE.
Commence a 7.

NEW THEATRE-R0 iTAL, A DELPHI.--
solo Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. leVebster.
• Open for the Winter Season.
THIS EVENING, MUSIC HATH CHA RMS. Messrs.
Co. Fisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly an d Laidlaw.
Alter which (266th-time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr.
D. iioncicault, D. Fisher, Billington, S. Emery, Stephenson,
U. J. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. B oucicault, Miss
Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. H. Lewis.
To conclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Ifessrs. Fisher,
Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Mi, ss K. Kelly.
Doors onen at half-past 6—Commeno eat 7.

CANTERBURY HALL C ONCERTS,
AND FINE ARTS GALLER'.
Great am:loess of Mr. SAM COWELL'S Nei v Song, "THE
HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT," which wi 11 be repeated
every evoning,

Grand Selections from
STRADELLA, LA TRAVIATA, and .DINORAH
By Miss Russell, bliss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, anti Signor Tivoli

with a poWerful Chorni
Solos on the Cornet-a-piston by the renowned performer
Mr. LEVY.

The Comic department comprises Mr. Sam Cowell, Mr.
Marshall, Messrs. Harvey and French (the Nerves), and
Miss Harriet Coveney
Musical Director, Mr. Jonghm an s.
Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stela and Bale my, is.

T H

E 0 X F 0 R D,
6, OXFORD-STREET.
EVERY EVENING.

Auber's New Comic Opera, " LA CIRCASS lENNE," and
Verdi's new Grand opera, " Simonßoccanegts,*" by the entire
Company. Balfe's new ballads by Miss Russell and Madame
Enderssohn (composed expressly for them). Mr. Levy's
Solos on the Cornet-a-piston, and varied Cotnic Entertain-
ments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs. W. Randall, Harvey
and French (The Nerves), E. Marshall, and SAP& COWELL.
Hall, 6d. ; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private BoLes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tam DAY.—Morning, 12h. 12m.—Afternoon, 12h. 35m.
To-itoßaow.-Morning, 12h. 56m.—Afternoon, lh. 18m.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 1, 1861-7!
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
52—:ighest since noon yesterday.
42—lowest this morning and during the night.
44 —this day at noon.

BAROMETER—`29.4O; a great fall.
WlND—Westerly, inclining to North. Some heavy rain
in the night. This is the coldest day at noon this season.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, NOV. 1, 1861.

A contemporary has felt constrained, in fairness,
to insert a long letter, nearly four columns of small
type, from the pen of a sensitive American. Mr.
THEODORE S. FAY, late Resident of the United
States in Switzerland, feels particularly aggrieved
by the speech of Lord RUSSELL at Newcastle, and
also by the almost unanimous tone of the English
press. It segments his grief very naturally that
other European countries should follow the views
of England ; and that hence, throughout the Old
World there should be, as he thinks, a very general
injustice done to that portion of the New, which
consists of the Northern and Free States of
America.

Now we certainly need not take up the defence
of Lord RUSSELL, he being most abundantly able to
defend himself; but it happens', as might be ex-
pected, that the opinions expressed by his lord-
ship, are so far as they go, the same as we have
ourselves often enough expressed also, and there-
fore we must look with some interest on an attack
upon them by an American of the official class.
The long homiletic portions of the letter of Mr.
FAY we pass over entirely; how he came to trouble
a secular newspaper with them we are at a loss to
conceive. They should have been sent to Dr.
CUMMING'S prophetical magazine, since newspapers
have little to do with the Apocalypse. To come,
therefore, to the sorest point of all, our ex-diplo-
matist, who has seen 24 years' service in that line,

for his country, complains that Lord RUSSELL
describes the American conflict thus: —" The
parties are thus contending together, not upon the
subject of slavery, nor of tariffs, but contending, as
so many States of the Old World have contended,
the one side for empire, the other for power."
Now possibly his lordship's words do not form

the neatest supposable antithesis ; it is even possible
they have been reported with slight in•exactness, but
take them as they stand, and they are, we main-
tain, notwithstanding all Mr. FAY'S appeals to

facts and to the Apocalypse, entirely true. The pre-
sent quarrel of the two sections of the States has at
least the two great elements in it to which Lord
RUSSELL points. The South is fighting as it be-
lieves for slavery, for deliverance from a tariff which

s a burden to it, as it is computed of some
£7,000,000 per annum at least, and now for inde-
pendence; but political power was ono of the chief
moving causes in the commencement of the struggle,
and still is at the bottom of it. The secession was
begun by.defeated politicians. The slavery party
had reigned by cunning and terror for forty years
or more; they found themselves suddenly dispos-
sessed as a political party; they saw the storm
coming, and had prepared to meet it ;
" better to reign in hell than serve in heaven "
was the motto in their Cabinet councils; slavery
and the tariff were, therefore, their watchwords,
and these, rendered more effective by the aristocra-
tical contempt of the South for the North, formed
their political stock in trade. JEFF. DAVIS and
STEPHENS were but the heads of a knot of politi-
cians who were determined to have power, if it
were but in half a Union. The multitudes of the
South fight for a cry—their leaders for power.
But the battle of the North is obviously for em-
pire, and for empire only. Constructively they
would make out ether objects, Now they are
fighting against slavery ; now for the honour and
success of free institutions. But how can an impar-
tial bystander believe in such pretences ? Surely
the success of free institutions is not to be tested by
their capacity to hold together under one central
rule territories enormous in extent beyond anything
in Europe; and populations, whose habits, tastes, and
institutions are almost hostile t 3 each other. Not
the King of PRUSSIA himself, or the Emperor of
AUSTRIA, or the CZAR, would deny, that under a
despotism the same severance might have taken
place, the only difference being that each section
would have set up rival despots, instead of rival
pdreepsiedueduetsne.e
and
powereNorth. ern despot would in that
ease have striven for empire, the Southern for in-
Nothing Can get Over the fact that Mr. LINCOLN
people have persistently repudiated fighting
for liberty, and preferred to fight for the Union.
The Union is but another word for empire, d
not blame them for it.
been thought worth fighting fEompire
ourselves, recently, in India; we ha always
ourselves, r.
hWeldfofingt
s ou forfo r it
t
again. But the contest cannot rank with the
nobler class of struggles ; not, for instanca, With
that of GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS against the popish
legions of Austria seeking to crush out of Germany
religious, intellectual, and civil freedom ; not with
that of our HAMPDEN and CROMWELL against the
illegality and despotism of the STUARTS ; not with
that of the Italians, Hungarians, and Poles at the
present day: Fighting for Empire may be honour-

able—but it is futile to attempt to class it with the
nobler struggles of patriotism. The moral sense
of the world refuses such a classification.

The degrading thing to the North is, that a
truly noble object is almost thrust upon it, while it
still persists in repelling it, and clings to what all
ambitious men have fought for from the days of
NIMROD and CHEDORLAOMER to the present time.
The oppression of four millions of a kidnapped race
has been the disgrace, the pest, the corruption of
America, as well as a wrong against the sufferers,
which have cried aloud to Heaven. So conscious
are Americans of this, that •n this side the
Atlantic, they earnestly profess that the war is one
for the liberation of the captive ! So imperatively
do events call on the North to do justice to the
negro, that the wisest observers believe the conquest
of the South to be possible only on condition of the
Northern banner being the banner of emanicipa-
tion. Yet, notwithstanding the confessed justice
and nobleness of the object, notwithstanding its
necessity, as a military measure, the Free States
and their President are at heart, as well as in prac-
tice, utterly hostile to Abolition of Slavery.
They fear, not hope, that war may drive them
to it ; indeed, they evidently doubt whether
they would not rather compromise or separate, than
declare for justice to the negro ! It is this baseness
of soul—this antagonism to a noble duty proffered
them by what really looks like a special Providence,
that disgusts all Europe with the North and its

cause.

Indeed there is worse than this in it. The North
is eager to resume its old odious character of Slave
Hunters. They differed from Slaveholders only by
not possessing Slaves; they bound themselves, by the
heaviest penalties to hunt the escaped bondsman
and hand him back to his tormentors. What says
Mr. FAY of the Fugitive Slave Law,—that infamous
law which Mr. LINCOLN and a majority in Congress
were willing to render yet more effective. " The
fugitive slave law," ho writes, " transforms every
Northern American gentleman into a slave driver,
as it places him in a position where he must either
violate the law or lend his personal assistance to
the recapture of a slave. He is not only forbidden
to assist in the flight, he must aid in the recap-
ture. He must either use the slavedriver's whip
in his hand or be content to receive it upon his
shoulders." Yet the North avowed itself willing,
for the sake of empire, to receive the entire
South into a copartnery of slaveholding and slave-
hunting, provided it might but have the credit of
numbering these degraded States as belonging to
the Union. The ambition of empire must be strong
indeed in the North when it could be content to
humble itself so meanly to acquire it.
Let the reader bear in mind the eager desire of
the North to retain slavery, even to the fugitive
slave law, and then read Mr. FAY'S description of
the working of slavery hitherto on the whole
Union—probably no one here has drawn up a
severer indictment of the Union, as a pro-slavery
Union, than that which, though rather long, we
give entire. Mr. FAY writes :—" For half a cen-
tury it has weighed upon our country in a thousand
disastrous ways. It has delivered our Government,
more or less, into the hands of political adven-
turers, and in some cases of conspirators ; it has
impelled us into a foreign war; it has awakened
in us a rabid appetite for annexation; it has
nursed and sent abroad bands of filibusters and
pirates upon the territories of friend:y and
unoffending nations ; it has bent our foreign
policy out of its natural upright course, and thus
given just offence to your and other Governments;
it has appointed traitors to foreign and interior
offices ; it has paid secret agents to poison the
European mind by circulating written slanders of
our Government and country ; it has dishonoured
our legislative halls with representatives whose
chief qualifications were love of slavery, hatred of
free institutions, ignorance of religion, and skill
in the use of the horsewhip, bowie-knife, and
revolver ; it has thus, with a few honourable
exceptions, kept away from the direction of
our public affairs the class of large - minded,
able Christian persons, most competent to make
our country happy at home and respected
abroad. It has polluted the stream of public
teaching in the press, in the judicial tribunal, and
even in the pulpit ; it has impaired our perception
of the difference between right and wrong—the
noble attribute of Christians ; it has (worst of all)
perverted the interpretation of Scripture and
caused the blasphemous assertion that slavery and
the slave trade are the natural law of nations
and according to the written will of CHRIST ; it
has destroyed the love of country in thousands ; it
has made our national flag a mockery throughout
the world ; it has poisoned the breast of hosts of
citizens with treason, and carried corruption into
almost every department of the Government,
so that we see numbers of till now re-
spected and trusted individuals accepting places
of public confidence in the service of the Fede-
ral Government for the purpose of betraying it."
Yet after all this Mr. FAY can remark,—The
Christian element of the country, in obedience to
our constitution, would have perhaps, still con-
tinued to beer these evils if slavery had been con-
tented to remain within its legal limits ! If this
be not to put the " constitution" above Christianity
and above the explicit injunctions of Scripture, as
Mr. FAY shows elsewhere at such length, we know
not where to look for such deeds. Blessed Chris-
tianity indeed, this of the Northern States ! Mr.
FAY must not wonder that the Christianity of
Europe loathes such wretched prostitution of its
name, to the basest of crimes.

The gentlemen of the Middle Temple bad indeed
a festive time of it yesterday. They have received
into their number the heir apparent to the throne,
—and long may that be his position—and he in
return has opened for them their new and noble
Library. Of course, everything was worthy of the
occasion. The Fleet-street entrance was brilliantly
illuminated. A great many of Her Majesty's
tradesmen followed the example, and in addition
gaily decorated their houses with flags and
streamers, producing altogether a scene of the
most enlivening description.

The PRINCE went duly through the formalities
of being called to the bar, of which he will be, at
least, the most exalted member, and we dou4
not will, like some of his great predecessors on the
throne of the country, aspire to be called, with
more reason than some, the " learned" gen-
tleman." The banquet was sure to be
worthy of the occasion. Appropriately to the
new treaty which has taught England again to
remember foreign wines, and to recollect that there
are more good things in that way in the world
than port and sherry, the wines appear to have
been specially alluded to: We are told that some
remarkably beautiful cut glass had been
executed by Messrs. GREEN and NINER ape- '
and
cially for the use of his Royal Highness
the guests at the high table. To be
quaffed from these
exquisite goblets there was
provided, among other
vintage
51,
ten wine
Sauterne, Chateau d'Yquem of
8
i7nBeL Wines, rare Sherry of the
of 1846, and Cabinet Sttinberger
Isi of
of 1846. For the rest the providing of the Banquet
having been placed in the exporienced bands of