The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-05 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

R OVAL
ra
dijmul‘inid THEATRE.FaIconer
THIS EVENING, will, be performed THE SISTER'S
SACRIFICE. Messrs. Emery, Barret, and Rogers. Madame
Celeste, Mrs. Keeley, and Miss Julia St. George.
After which, will be produced the new Burlesque, written
expressly for the Lyceum Company by Robert B. Brough,
and entitled THE SIEGE OF TROY. The principal cha-
racters by Mrs. Keeley, Miss Julia St. George, Mrs. Weston,
sites Portman, Miss Talbot, Miss Kate Saxon, Miss E. Romer,
Sic. ; Mr. Emery, Mr. Charles Younp Mr. Ellerton, Mr. J.
Rogers, Mr. Barrett, &c. ; Miss Rosina Wright, Miss M.
Charles, Miss Harriet Dalton, &c.
To conclude with the new Comic Pantomime, replete with
new tricks and mechanical devices, entitled HARLEQUIN
TOY HORSE; or, The Cremorne Fete. Clown, Mr Charles
Lauri
.; Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri ; Pantaloon, Mr. Henry
Lauri ; Columbine, Miss Jenny Lauri.
Reduced Prices—Dress Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. ; Pit,
2s. • Stalls, ss. ; Gallery, ls.
Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily.
6 to commence at 7 every evening,

Doors open at half-past

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
Grand Week of Attraction.
THIS EVENING, THE LAST OF THE PIGTAILS.
Mr. C. Selby. Mr. J. L. Toole, C. J. Smith, Mrs. Chatterley,
Miss Henrietta Simms.
After which (by desire), TARTIJFFE. Tartuffe, Mr. B.
Webster ; Damais, Mr. Billington ; Oregon, Mr. C. Selby;
Elmere, Miss H. Simms ; Dorine, Miss Woolgar; Mariane,
Miss Keeley ; Madame Pennelle, Mrs. Chatterly.
To conclude with the grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled
MOTHER RED CAP ; or, Harlequin Johnny Gilpin's Ride
to Edmonton. Clown, Mr. Croueste ; Harlequin, Mr. Hilde-
brand ; Columbine, Miss Hayman ; Pantaloon, Mr. Lupino ;
Sprite, Mr. Le Barr.
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE,
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborongh
THIS EVENING. THE BONNIE FISH WIFE.
After which, the new Extravaganza, KENILWORTH ; or
Ye Qneene. ye Earle, and ye Maydenne.
And THE LITTLE SAVAGE.
Commence at 7 o'clock.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE;
Westminster-road.

Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke.
Crowded Houses Nightly.
Another high'y attractive and successful Drama.

THIS EVENING, and during. the week, the grand Spec-
tacle of THE GIPSY GIRL OF MADRID ; or, The Edict
of Spain.
After which, the inimitable SCENES IN THE CIRCLE,
Introducing Mr. Wm. Cooke'a beautiful and highly-trained
palfries and ponies, and the Starßiders of Europe.
....

- .
To colude with the great eratic and -
trian Pantomime, entitled HAOpRLEQUINBurIesque BARONEques MUN-
CHAUSEN, AND HIS COMICAL CREAM COB
CRUISER. Baron Munchausen, Mr. W. Anson ; Harlequin,
Mr. H. Hemmings ; Pantaloon, Mr. Morley ;l Clown, Mr. A.
F. Forrest, the Grimaldi of the day ; Columbine, Miss Julia
Weston. Brilliant and unsurpassable Transformation Scene,
with dazzling effects of Colour and Fire. Gorgeous Scenery,
and every incident in bustling reality, from Regent-street to
the "New Palace for the People, at Muswell
Dress Circle, 48. ; Boxes, 38.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, ls. ; Upper
Gallery, 6d.
Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips.

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.--
Proprietor—C. MORTON.
The public is most respectfully informed that the FINE
ARTS GALLERY, in connection with the above Hall, IS NOW
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT, from 11 o'clock a.m. until 12.
o'clock p.m. The New Gallery contains an extensive Collec-
tion of Pictures, by, Ancient and Modern Masters !and is also
devoted to Art productions generally. The Proprietor feels
he may confidently assert that, viewed altogether, the exist-
ng Music Hall, the New Fine Arts Gallery, and the recently
dded Ante-Hall, will present an attraction which, whether
s regards the architectural beauty of the structures them-
selves, or the varied and hitherto unattempted combinations
within, will be found to be wholly without parallel in the
Kingdom.
The MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT commences as usual at
Seven o'clock.
In addition to the usual entertainment, the SAITVLET
FAMILY, of Amsterdam, Eight in number, whose varied
instrumental performances have created so marked a sensa-
tion in the principal cities and towns of the Continent, will
perform every Evening at Nine and Eleven o'clock.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, FEB. 5.

THERMOMEtER, TN THE SHADE.

48—highest since noon yesterday.
46—lowest this morning and during the night.
50—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29'58.
WIND, South-Westerly ; light, with fine weather—some
rain in the morning.

The important and interesting pamphlet, en-
titled " L'Empereur Napoleon 111., et Phalle," to
which we briefly directed public attention in our
impression of yesterday, is one deserving of calm
and attentive consideration, If not from the pen
of the EMPEROR himself, it is well known
that its inspiration is derived directly from the
Tuileries. Indeed, it would be difficult to find any
person, in the existing state of French journalism,
sufficiently bold to ventilate such opinions with-
out the express sanction of the authorities. A
trial, with the' certainty of a conviction, whether
innocent or guilty, would be the inevitable result.
There is, besides, a vraiseinblance about the docu-
ment that enables-us readily to believe that it is,
'to say the least, produced under " Imperial
patronage." What Louis NAPOLEON wishes the
world to believe is studiously inculcated. A new
and rather startling theory is enunciated, which
virtually goes to the extent that treaties shall only
be observed so long as it is convenient to do so.
It is, in fact, the old Hudibrastic theory embodied
in the couplet—
" 'Tis he who makes the oath that breaks it,
Not he who for convenience takes it."

Treaties are all very good so long as they enable
a nation to get out of a difficulty, or to keep clear
of hot water ; but the moment they become annoy-
ing, that it would be advantageous to dispense
with them, they are no longer of
any strength_
nothing
more than slender meshes by
which
the smaller fry may be captured, but which
the larger can break through at any moment
with the, most perfect impunity. It says
The treaties which bind go-verßments are
the international laws of peoples, and would be
only invariable if the world was immoveable. If
the treaties which are to protect the security of
Europe place it in danger, it is because they no
longer answer to the necessities or to the wants
which dictated them. Political prudence counsels
to substitute something else for them. A power
-which would entrench itself behind treaties in
°Tier to resist modifications demanded by general
feeling would have,
no doubt, fot her an acquired
right, but she would
have against her moral right
and universal
conscience."

These are convenient, although not very equitable,
principles. They can only be compared with the
" MONROE doctrine," which, being expressly
framed for the benefit of our Transatlantic
cousins, is earnestly supported by every
free and enlightened " Statesman," or, lest
the :term might be misunderstood, we shall
say, " American citizen." The writer has a cer-
tain line of policy to advocate, and he „
'noes
so without greatly, regarding the morality of t. 6
course indicated. Nay, more, he endeavours to
implicate England, and to persuade us that we are
bound to take part in the contemplated pro.
ceedings, inasmuch as our " statesmen, our

tribune, our journals, have constantly supported
Italy, even before 1848." Lord PALMEItTON'S
opinions are largely referred to. The noble lord
has not by any means gone beyond the public
opinion of his countrymen, but he has cer-
tainly not advocated anything approximating
to an infraction of existing treaties. The
people might judge • for themselves. Their
will should be respected, and the Governments
de facto which they had established duly recog-
nised. This is the true principle, but has it been
adopted by LOUIS NAPOLEON ? Was it not,
on the contrary, to maintain, by the aid
of foreign bayonets, a Government distasteful to
the great body of the nation, that he occupied
Rome with French troops, and trampled out the
sparks of freedom which the French military had
perpetrated.
As to Austria, it is only to compel a satisfactory
arrangement of the Italian question that she is
bullied. The following quotation will show the
policy int forward, so far as she is concerned. It
is to the following effect :—" We have no
hostility to Austria. The question of Italy is
the only difficulty which can exist between her
and France. We respect its situation in Ger-
many, which has nothing to fear from us
on the Rhine. The solution of the Italian
question would have for result to efface between
France and Austria all subject of dissension. These
two powers can approach each other by many com-
mon interests, and the union of all the great
governments of Europe is not too much to prevent
future complications. It is in order to combine
their views and efforts in a general interest that
we would remove all present difficulties, and
resolve one of the most urgent and most consider-
able questions of the day."
The establishment of an Italian Confederacy,
under the Presidency of the POPE, is rather too
rich. It is, however, one of, if not the leading
idea of the document. It might be supposed that
an ultra-Montanist might put forward such an idea
—but how any man of ordinary knowledge could
endeavour to promote sacerdotal government,
we are at a loss to understand. It might
be with the notion of a speedy collapse from whence
there might be good picking. The Imperial author
tells us that—" To govern is to foresee. The best
manner of securing peace is to outstrip complications
capable of producing war. There are dangers in
Italy—we indicate them ; on this side there are
guarantees to give to fundamental interests—we
demand them. There are causes which cannot
succumb in the world ; this is of the number, be-
cause it is neither selfish nor exclusive. It is the
cause of the nationality of a living people, of the
equilibrium of Europe, and perhaps of the inde-
pendence of the Papacy, which France has always
defended." These are the views chiefly indicated,
and it is for the British People to say how far
they are worthy of approval and support.

Again, within a comparatively brief period, the
attention of the English people is directed with
startling abruptness to the condition of the central
and southern States of America. It was only
very recently that the gallant Rear-Admiral of the
Fleet, the illustrious Earl of DUNDONALD, vividly
recalled to popular recollection the incidents mark-
ing the rise of the political independence of Chili,
Peru, and Brazil, and illustrating painfully enough,
in the treatment of himself, their chief liberator,
their own miserable degeneracy. The Speech from
the Throne, upon the opening of the present Ses-
sion of Parliament, contains a remarkable para-
graph, furnishing a very curious corollary to the
facts placed on record in this fragment of Lord
DUNDONALD'S historic autobiography. " The
state of the Republic of Mexico," said the silvery
voice of VICTORIA to the Lords and Commons of
England in Parliament assembled—" the state of
the Republic of Mexico, distracted by civil war,
has induced me to carry forbearance to its utmost
limits in regard to wrongs and indignities to which
British residents have been subjected at the hands
of the two contending parties." But her MAJESTY
thereupon added these words, full of formidable
significance to the Mexicans—" They have at
length been carried to such an extent that
I have been compelled to give instructions to

the commander of my naval forces in those
seas to demand, and, if necessary, to enforce,
due reparation." It is certainly time that
such a course should have been adventured upon—
a course alone befitting the dignity of this empire,
if merely for the vindication of the outraged rights
of its citizens sojourning in that southern portion
of the North American continent. For there, in the
Mexican Republic, British subjects have been pil-
laged, imprisoned, constrained to make pecuniary
contributions to whichever side chanced to be
uppermost among the anarchists—they have been
forcibly driven at times from the capital, and
have even, upon some occasions, been menaced with
the punishment of death. During the pro.
gress of these outrages not a single English cruiser
has appeared in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico
—whereas the war-vessels of the French empire
and of the Republic of the United States have ap-
peared at frequent intervals in the ports of Mexico
to watch over the interests respectively of the free
citizens of America and of the subjects of NAPO-
LEON. Happily the royal instructions to the com-
mander of the naval forces of England in those
seas have now actually been transmitted,
as the QUEEN'S Speech intimates explicitly
in so many words, "to demand, and, if necessary,

to enforce, due reparation."
The future in store for Mexico is certainly suffi-
ciently obvious. That degenerate Republic is
internally torn to pieces by intestine contentions.
It is more than simply threatened with absorption

into the territories of the United States. California
has been already rent from its possession. The
boundary of its dominion has within the last twelve
years been very considerably contracted. And now,
at last, appear, along the shores of that turbulent
and distracted country, the war ships of the most
powerful maritime empire on the globe. English

men-of-war will appear in the ports of Mexico
without any view
to naval or territorial aggrandise-
ment.eon But (Nest is the perpetual aspiration
of the neighbouring
democracy. Applying here the
famous phrase of M. DE LAMARTINE, in reference
to Russia,
we might say with perfect truth, the
slope of the United States is
to the south.
Weakened within, threatenedwithout, Mexico must
inevitably succumb. It must fall as though in
obedience to the simple force of the principle of
ago, has
gravitation. Its whole history since
its first rise
as a Republic, now nearly half a century
pointed almost uninterruptedly in the one direc-
tion. The revolutionary movement of the Mexi-
cans, beginning in 1810, took its riseby an accident
of evil omen at--Dolores. The distinguished head
of the independent party, MORELOS, within five
years afterwards—namelY,in the November of 1815—
was taken captive by the Spaniards, and summarily
executed. A guerilla warfare continued, there.
upon, year after year in the provinces, until at last,
in 1820, there was established in the mother coun-
try the marvel of a Constitutional Government.
Thereupon APODACA, the Viceroy in Mexico, affect-
ing to yield to the new scheme of organization, in
reality secretly endeavoured to secure its eventual

failure as a political experiment. Here was an-
other example of Mexican treachery. But it met
with its due reward. The Viceroy was conquered
by his own agent or Lieutenant. The contest be-
tween them was that of diamond cut diamond. The
inferior insincerity of APODACA yielded before the
superior insincerity and, it must be added, the domi-
nant genius of the renowned ITURBIDE. Under the
title of the " Three Guarantees," a new Constitution
was proclaimed in 1821 by General ITURBIDE, and
a bloodless revolution triumphantly effected.
ITURBIDE then summoned a Congress—dissolved
it—had himself proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.
By that last act the victorious chieftain awakened
against himself a firm and ultimately overwhelming
opposition. After a reign of less than two years
he was, in 1823, driven into exile. In the year
following ITURBIDE endeavoured to reconquer his
lost dominions. Scarcely a month had passed after
his landing again upon the shores of Mexico, when
he was captured, and " died the death" by a military
execution. NOthing now remains to Spain in the
new world but Cuba and Porto Rico. Mexico has
enjoyed, or rather suffered, since it shook off
Spanish domination, the questionable privilege of
anarchical independence. The fate of Texas, the
fate of California, is passing down the southern
trail of the range of the Rocky Mountains—from
Arispe to Durango, from Durango to the capital,
onwards, onwards, in the direction of Yucatan and
Guatemala.

888 MAJESTY'S SHIP HI.2IIALAYA.

PORTSMOUTH, SATURDAY MORNING.

Her Majesty's ship Himalaya has arrived at
Spithead. Has on board 51passengers, 30 military
invalids, and the wild animals presented by the
Emperor of Morocco to the Queen.

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THE SUN.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1859.