The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 16, 18610

THE UNITED STA2ES.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)
NEW YORK, JULY 2.

I have made every possible exertion to secure a
copy of the President's Message, and of the report
of the Secretary of the Treasury, in time for trans-
mission by this packet. Whether it will be success-
ful or no the last Washington post before the sail-
ing of the packet can only show. Should they come,
I will forward them in a postscript. Meanwhile,
lest they should not come, I will indulge in a fan-
ciful budget, founded upon the known resources of
the country. Before doing so, however, let me say
that while there is a great capacity for direct taxa-
tion yet undeveloped, it is the opinion in New York
that it will not be resorted to for the present neces-
bides of the country. This belief is founded upon
the known wish of the Administration that the
coming extra session should be a short one, and
upon the impossibility of maturing and digesting
in a short time a new system of taxation, affecting
a country of such diverse and varied interests.
Direct taxation for the necessities of the Federal
Government is a thing unknown to living Ameri-
cans. The other and indirect sources of revenue
have hitherto proved sufficient for the moderate
wants of a Government endowed with no municipal
powers, and with none of the varied functions here
vested in the several States, but elsewhere in the
national. vereignty. The mode of levying such
taxes, a 11 tlanzwachinery for collecting them,
must be c eated out of chaos by the Government.
It is supposed in New York that the Government
will not attempt the task until the regular time for
the assembing of Congress. It may not, however,
be uninterestiug to Englishmen to know how suc-
cessful such a tax will be when attempted. .1
believe that the taxable property of the loyal
States, taken at the ordinary reduced valuation,
may be set down at about 7,000,000,000 dols.
One per cent. upon this would yield the pretty
little sum of 70,000,000 dols. and, for reasons
stated in former letters, I apprehend that the
Government will be forced in self-defence to
resort in the end to this sort of revenue.
A nation that is not willing to make a sacri-
fice in the present generation, that evades direct
taxation by shifting the entire burden of war upon
future generations in the shape of loans, must lose
its own self-respect and the esteem of the world.
The North are not disposed to make that mistake.
The holders of property understand perfectly that
without money the Government cannot sustain its
enormous efforts to maintain its integrity, and un-
less I greatly mistake the popular feeling they will
respond to any reasonable call that may be made
upon them without more than the average amount
of grumbling.
If, however, the Government decide, as I think
they will, to defer the call until a more convenient
season, there are other springs of revenue entirely
untouched, from which the tap of the Secretary's
rod may bring forth abundant streams of supplies.
Tea and coffee, for instance, have been for nearly
20 years upon the free list of this country. The
annual consumption of tea is (I believe, but I write
without the figures before me) about 32,000,0001 b.,
of which the greater part is consumed in the Free
States. Assuming that the consumption in the
loyal States is about 28,000,0001b,—au assumption
probably below the truth—and putting upon this
consumption a duty of 15c. per lb. (not quite one-
half the British duty), we have an aggregate of
4,200,000 dols. from this article alone. The con-
sumption of coffee in the United States in 1860 was
177,530,6231 b., being about 25,000,000 less than
1859 and 74,000,000 less than in 1858. Assuming
the war consumption in the Free States to be
150,000,0001 b., we find that a duty of sc. a-pound
would yield 7,500,000. I think that coffee would'
bear this amount of duty. Large stocks are on hand
in this market awaiting the expected rise following
a duty, and I should not be surprised to see such a
duty followed by a steadiness in price, owing to
the increase in supply that the dealers in that
article think would take place. Sugar is another
article which would bear a large increase of
duty. The consumption of sugar in 1860 in
the United States was 423,281 tons, of which
119,046 tons were of domestic production, 304,235
acquaintedtt tons n4sc .ot
per
eafrtorpwewoig i
pound,
tnhnhd
a, theg
accordingradu marketsa production.ted
duty
to
ufor t
yThosether at h whon i
sa
article
t i
eare bestle
esti-
mate
article,sGtoavtee Government
n omtihenenor
tte
alwe
rsoesuvltedhnubt:
le a e
03f3c001,7n0:m
00u000 qguinaglitfyremof 2tihee.
,ptootoni consumption d
oyi
inise.l,tdahinne Free
dg
thatthe
by putting a corresponding scale of duties upon
molasses the Government would receive 3,500,000
dols. additional. Thus, by a judicious system of
customs' duties upon these several necessary arti-
cles, a revenue of 32,200,000 dols. might be raised,
and it is thought in *New York that the Secretary
of the Treasury will, in some form or other, propose
to avail himself of these manifest resources. It is,
however, in the opinion of the best judges, unsafe
to look for more than 60,000,000 dols. from the
customs during the war, even with these increased
ytaxes upone the necessariesmeet o f ltihf ee. 0
rTdhi
ni This wr
yo ue ludr rne
no tt
expenses of the country, and the interest upon the
debt that must be contracted for the extraordinary
war expenses, for the total expenses of the Govern-
ment, conducting war upon so gigantic a scale, can-
not reach less than 300,000,000 dols. a year.
Should the war unexpectedly be prolonged be-
yond the twelvemonth, the Government would pro-
bably find its credit anything but good for the next
year's loan, without a resort to some other sources
of taxation to meet current war expenditure. Seve-
ral such sources are open to it. First, it may levy
excise duties which would be little felt, and would
yield large returns. An excise duty on malt and
spirituous liquors at the rate of the English excise
on similar articles would probably yield 50,000,000
dols. on the Northern consumption alone. Would

it, then, be too much for a Secretary to the Treasury
to assume to " realise" 35,000,000 dols. from this
sourse ? An excise duty might also be put upon
tobacco, of ;which. the annual consumption in the
loyal states is about 50,000,0001 b., upon which an
excise duty of sc. would yield 2,500,000 dole. Malt
and spirituous liquors and tobacco are luxuries
which might well be put under contribution when
tea and coffee are made to pay tribute. Other
articles and trades might be brought under contri-
bution in the same way, making an aggregate of
about 100,000,000 dole. of revenue, before the ap-
peal is made to direct taxation.
With such great and pure sources of revenue, a
Secretary of the Treasury ought not to go wrong in
making up his budget. He will undoubtedly have
to make immediate calls for money before any of
these sources can be made available, and to rely
issue Treasury he m y
upon the credit of the country for the supply. But
a
by judiciously fostering that credit by increase of
taxation
Notes
confidently o
r askEx
cahleoguane,
r Bills,o rauthority
to sure
that they can be negotiated at fair rates of interest,
and that the credit of the Government will be sus-
tained. You are in as good a position as we are to
judge whether as much can be said for the Confede-
racy of the South. If they are as well able as is this
Government to carry on a great war, and are as
determined to maintain their independence as the
loyal States are to restore them to their allegiance,
there is, indeed, a long and a bloody struggle before
us. The sources of revenue which I have indicated
must be unfailing, and must supply this Government
with the necessaries of war, and with ample credit
for whatever campaign it chooses to embark in. It
is not believed here that the Confederate States have
any similar means to rely upon. Cotton is at once
their king and their slave, their taxable property
and their circulating medium, and cotton is for the
present hopelessly locked up by the ships of the
United States. They pay their bills in depreciated
Treasury Notes and more depreciated bills of petty
, interior banks,not current with the solvent Jenks of

Mobile and New Orleans, and they have not yet
shown a disposition to meet the charges of war by
practicable financial remedies—or rather, I should
say, such is the best information we can get here
about them.

The story of the attempts of the Governments of
the two sections at a compromise turns out to be, as
I supposed it would, a mistake. There are no ele-
ments of compromise in this quarrel as it now
stands, and no desire for a compromise—at least, on
this side. The Northern will is unmistakably ex-
pressed for a prosecution of the war till rebellion is
conquered. For this object only, the loyal States
have under arms 250,000 of their citizens, and for
it they are preparing to make a great forward
movement, whenever the military gentlemen in
command shall give the word. The word " com-
promise" is not listened to to-day; nor will it be
when Congress comes together. Not until the
approaching battle is fought, certainly'—and pro-
bably not until others have been fought after it—
will any terms of settlement be listened to short of
subjection on one side or independence on the other.
General Scott has now over 60,000 troops in and
round Washington, including a column of some
3,000 or 4,000 men under Colonel Stone, who are
thrown up the Potomac as far as Point of Rocks as
a corps of observation, and the troops in Baltimore
under General Banks. This great force lies upon
both sides of the Potomac, near Washington—
about 31,000 on the Virginia side, and about 28,000
on the Maryland side. The troops on the Maryland
side are mostly about Washington, or so distributed
through the well-reconnoitred country at the north
of it as to prevent any surprise from that quarter.
The force on the Virginia side is distributed along
a line of some 10 or 12 miles, from below Alexandria
to Little Falls, above Georgetown. A glance at the
map will show you that this disposition makes an
attack upon Washington, except by a vastly
superior force, a certain failure. The columns of
General Patterson and of General Cadwallader,
numbering together about 20,000, of which 1,000
are regulars, have not materially changed position
since my last letter. General Johnston, of the rebel
army, with an inferior force, has managed to keep
them in check by moving back upon Winchester,
and has apparently thus far out-generaled them,
gradually making
iws ay of the Kanawa
hisG e nwe raayl
through
a nthd
e, ovwe
setv
he ever,
towards the same point, and must inevitably force
General Johnston to fall back upon Manassas Gap.
General M'Clelland is (to speak in plain terms) a
man of different calibre from either of the other
Federal generals operating on General Johnston's
lines, and will not be held in check by an inferior
force. Whenever he reaches the scene of action
General Johnston will probably be unable to main-
tain himself longer.
It appears to be the opinion of the New York
press that General Scott is preparing for an imme-
diate advance. If that be true, it is a changed
policy. I have understood from the beginning that
Gen. Johnston was to be driven back before the
advance was made from Washington. The three
columns are moving upon Winchester for that pur-
pose only. When they have done their work the
coast will be clear for Gen. Scott's advance. Until
that is done I doubt whether there will be any ad-
vance from Washington. Nor do I believe it will be
made (I speak without information on this subject)
un:il Gen. Scott is able to push forward a column
of at least 50,000 men, and until he is fully supplied
with waggons, ambulances, and means of transport,
in all which the army is at present deficient.

The Federal Government have at last taken com-
plete possession of Baltimore, and effectually put
down the treasonable element in that town. The
military commander of Fort M'Henry has deposed
the Chief of Police and all his commissioners, and
brought them within the walls of the fort as pri-
soners charged with treason ; and he has organised
a local force in the place of the disaffected force,
and assumed, on the part of the general Govern-
ment, the administration of the police of Baltimore.
Thus the ultimate destruction of the Secession ele-
ment in Maryland and the triumph of the Union
element, which gave several thousand majority at
the late election, is rendered more certain ; and the
possibility of an attack in the rear after the advance
from Washington is guarded against.

As I am writing, the news of Gen. Patterson's
advance across the Potomac and renewed occupa-
tion of Harper'syerry is received.

The New York Times publishes the usual yearly
summary of the traffic at this port :
The imports for the year ending June 10, Dols.
1861, were ..
.. 191,328,000
Besides the above amount of merchandise
there was imported of specie

33,197,000

Making a total of ..
The exports from New York for the same
period were—
-117,933,000
Exports of domestic produce .. • •
/9 foreign articles re-exported 73
„ specie .. .. 23,845,000,05,000

.. 224,525,000

148,813,000
This shows a decrease of imports as compared
with the return of the previous year, including
specie, of 70,834,000 dols., and an increase of ex.
ports, including specie, of 10,775,000 dols.
Mr. Wilson, the Treasurer of the New York Cen-
tral Railroad Company, died yesterday of the in-
juries received by throwing himself, in a moment
of derangement, from a window. The public are
assured that there is nothing in his relations with
the company calling for any suspicion. He was a
gentleman whose reputation for integrity was un-
questioned.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money continued very cheap for call loans, but in the
absence of even a fair business in commercial circles, and a
consequent demand for business purposes, there were more
lenders than borrowers :—Loans on call, Stock Securities,
41 to 5; ditto, bond and mortgage, 6 to 7; prime endorsed
bills. 60 to 90 days, 6 to 7 ; ditto, four to six months, 10 ;
first class single signatures, 7 per cent. per annum.
The following is a statement of the condition of the banks
of the city of New York for the weeks ending
June 22. June 29.
Dollars. Dollars. Dollars.
Loans
Specie
Circulation ... • 8,444,830 8,338,559 Dec. 106,271
Deposits
registered,
Sixes, 37 ; New York
87,602,843 88,721,752 Inc. 1,119,409
The following are the latest quotations offered for stocks :
Hudson River Railroad, 32 ;
dlar)doaBds,;
4V3iirgi; nmiaieShiixotes:
s
22 ; Reading Rail-
4rUc 05entandi
Southerncr
Missouri
2i
Railroad,
aut e
Guaranteed,r sS
Michigan
ii
xx ee7ss3,i3l7BaCBE2l;e6r,
Central
rteere
;Tennessee
Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad, 55 ; Cleveland
and Toledo Railroad, 231 ; Panama Railroqd, 105; Illinois
Central Railroad, 651 ; Illinois Central Bonds, 89 ; Chicago
and Rock Island, 34 ; Galena and Chicago Railroad, 60i ;
Delaware and Hudson Canal, 80 ; Pennsylvania Coal Com-
pany, 78 ; Pacific Mail, 60 ; Cumberland Coal Company
Preferred, 41 ; Harlem Railroad Preferred, 224.
The interest on the city debt of New Orleans and the
state debt of Florida had been provided for in New York.
Kentucky and the city of Louisville would also meet their
engagements.
Among the financial disasters at the West were the fail-
ures of William Belcher, of the Chicago Sugar Refinery, for
300,000 dole ; Mr. T. R. B. Eldridge, of the Bank of St.
Paul's, and the disappearance of the cashier of the Green
Lake City Bank, leaving depositors minus 40,000 dols.
Cotton continued buoyant, with a fair demand ; price
had further advanced le. per lb. middling upland, 141.

BLONDIN.—M. Blondin made a most successful
ascent at the Tivoli Gardens, Margate, yesterday, in the
presence of an immense number of persons, notwithstand-
ing the unfavourable state of the weather. lle will make
his twelfth ascent, at the Crystal Palace, on Thursday next
at four o'clock.
[ADVERTlSEMENT.)—Holloway'sOintment.—Measles,
Scarlatina.—These are the first great trials after birth to
which our children are obnoxious. Both diseases are very
infectious, and both require judicious management. In one
but the mother or nurse will find in Holloway's Ointment
the chest, in the other the throat, is most likely to suffer;
a sovereign balm for these distressing symptoms. When
rubbed upon the throat, chest, and back it is absorbed ; the
respiration becomes more tranquil, the cough less trouble-
some, the lips grow less livid, the eye brightens, and the
countenance loses that anxious gaze always the forerunner
of a sei ions assault on the constitution and nervous system.
This invaluable ointment not only cures th urgent
symptoms, but dispels all dangerous sequels,

THE AFFRAY 1N NORTHUMBERLAND-

STREET, STRAND.

The police-court in Bow-street was about to be
closed yesterday when Mr. Humphreys, solicitor,
accompanied by the brother of Major Murray,
waited upon Mr. Corrie to make an application.
He stated that the Major, who is still lying in
Charing-cross Hospital, a sufferer from two bullet
wounds, had sent for him and begged him to in-
form the magistrate that he was most anxious to
make a full and complete statement of all that
had occurred in the office of Mr. Roberts be-
tween that gentleman and himself. He was
most anxious to do this at the earliest possible
opportunity permitted by the medical gentleman
in attendance upon him. It was thought that in
a few days the Major might be sufficiently re-
covered to do this without peril to himself, although
from the ghastly nature of the wound in his
throat, he (Mr. Humphreys) was not so sanguine
as others appeared to be on this point. At any
rate,Major Murray wished it to go forth distinctly
tha Roberts was a total stranger to him, and that
they had never met before this lamentable occasion.
againstwished himßob
Roberts,
sa,pbpul
but was
to his
advisedw or-
tients being under the surveillance of the police.
Mr. Corrie—l believe that is so.
ItshhniapftaftcohtristahcweouaMrrsreaajnwas not necessary—both the pa-
tients

Mr. Durkin, superintendent of the F division,
stated that both the gentlemen were in custody.
There was a police officer in attendance on each.
Mr. Corrie—No doubt care will be taken that
neither of the persons, if both are spared, will
escape a full examination here. At present the
affair is wholly inexplicable.
In answer to inquiries at the Charing-cross Hos-
pital last evening, it was stated that the condition
of Mr. Roberts is neither better nor worse than it
was on Saturday last. It has been ascertained, how-
ever, that no portion of his fractured skull presses
upon the brain, and he is therefore conscious, but
the severe beating he received has rendered him so
weak as to leave him unfit to make a deposition,
and indeed he exhibits no inclination to do so. The
medical men in charge of the unfortunate man seem
very hopeful that they will be able to save his life,
but of course at present they are doubtful on that
point. Major Murray is doing well, and bids fair
soon to recover ; no wound, however, is so treache
rous in its character as that inflicted by a shot, and
hence the surgeons are always prepared, even when
the case seems to be progressing most favourably,
for a change for the worse. Existing circumstances
seem, however, to indicate that such is not likely to
be the case with respect to Major Murray.

It may assist the public, who will no doubt
eagerly peruse the above report, if we append such
facts as have transpired since the publication of our
latest notice on the subject.
Roberts, who remains very ill, has after close
questioning volunteered a statement in reference to
the occurrence. He admits that he had never before
Friday last spoken to Major Murray, and adds that
his conversation with that gentleman was com-
menced by himself in Hungerford-market, and that
it bore reference to a loan which was required for
a hotel company, which he was anxious to arrange
on behalf a client. When questioned as to the
identity of his client Roberts gave the name of a
gentleman named Anstruther, whom he described
as anxious to advance the money. He admits hav-
ing invited Major Murray to his chambers, and
states that on his arrival there the major first shot
himself in the back of his neck, and then attacked
him with the tongs. On being asked whether any
altercation had occurred previously to Major Mur-
ray "shooting himself," Roberts says distinctly
" No." This is all that has been elicited from
Roberts, but from papers found upon his person,
taken in connection with documents discovered in
his chambers, no doubt whatever is entertained by
the police authorities that a clue to the whole affair
has been ascertained. The documents referred to
do not in any way compromise Major Murray, and
a strong impression prevails that when the facts
are known the object of the attack will be made
perfectly clear and intelligible.
It is not expected that Major Murray will be able
to appear at the police-court before the close of the
week.

THE KINGSWOOD 31URDER.

REIGATE, MONDAY EVENING.

This morning Johann Carl Franz, charged with
being concerned in the murder of Martha Halliday,
at Kingswood Rectory, on the night of the 10th of
June last, was again placed at the bar before Mr.
Sherrard, chairman, Mr. W. Street, Mr. Phillips,
and Mr. Hackulock, at the Town-hall, which, as
on the previous occasions, was crowded to excess.
Besides the magistrates there were present on the
bench Mr. Alcock, M.P., the Rev. S. B. Taylor, in-
cumbent of Kingswood, and Mrs. Taylor (at whose
house the murder was committed); Capt. Hastings,
chief constable of Surrey, and many of the leading
inhabitants of the neighbourhood.
The prisoner was brought up from Horsemonger-
lane Gaol handcuffed. He listened with marked
interest to every portion of the evidence. Mr. Grece,
solicitor, of Red-hill, again acted as interpreter.
Inspector Whicher (who has charge of the case)
informed the bench that since the last examination
of the prisoner, a reply had been received at the
Foreign-office from the British Consul at Dresden,
who had been requested by Lord John Russell to
make inquiries as to the antecedents of the prisoner.
It appeared from information thus obtained, that the
prisoner left Konigstein in April last, where he had
been working on a railway, and had worked his way
by water to Hamburg, in the employ of Mr. Bremer,
a raftsman. He then came to Hull by steamer. The
prisoner had borne a very indifferent character in
Germany, and had suffered two years and eight
months' imprisonment there for felony. He had
left a wife and two or three children at Shandau, in
Saxony, of whieh place he was a native.
A number of witnesses were examined, including
Mdlle. Tietjens, with a view to prove the identity
of the prisoner, but no new facts were proved.
The prisoner, who reserved his defence, was then
committed to the assizes for trial, and the witnesses
were bound over to prosecute.
Mr. Colquhoun, Secretary of the Embassy of
Saxony, attended the inquiry, and towards its close
had a brief conversation with the prisoner. What

transpired it is not necessary to state, but for the
first time since his apprehension he seemed to realise
the full extent of his position, and shed tears for
several minutes.

The chairman before leaving the bench begged to
express the thanks of the magistrates to Mr. Grece,
the interpreter, for the assistance he had rendered
during the inquiry, and also to Inspector Whicher
and Sergeant Robinson, whose services had been
productive of the most beneficial results.

THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.—It CoSt £5,709 to
light the houses and approaches in the year ending the
31st of March last. The expenditure upon the building and
furnishing, lighting and ventilating of the Houses since
the commencement of last year has been £35,769 ; this is
in addition to the current expenses of maintenance and re-
pairs, lighting, and ventilating, and it does not include the
cost of decoration with fresco paintings and statuary. Per-
haps the next generation may be fortunate enough to see
the Houses really finished, and know the annual expense of
maintaining them.
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