The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-11 00:00:00

INDIA AND CHINA.

By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we (Times)
lave received our private correspondence and papers
'rom Calcutta to the 9th Jan., and from Hongkong
:o the. 30th Dec.

The following is the letter of our Calcutta corre-
spondent :

" CALCUTTA, JAN. 9.
" Two important orders have been issued during
the week. By the first the Punjab is raised into a
Lieutenant-Governorship :

" FOREIGN DEPARTMENT

ALLAHABAD, JAN

1, 1859.

" g Under authority received from her Majesty's Secretary
of State for India, the Right Hon. the Viceroy and
Governor-General is pleased to resolve that a separate
Lieutenant-Governorship for the territories on the extreme
northern frontier of her Majesty's Indian Empire shall be
established ; and that the Punjab, the tracts commonly
called the ' Trans-Sutlej States,' the Cis-Sutlej States,'
and the 'Delhi Territory,' shall form the jurisdiction of the
Lieutenant-Governor.

"G. F. EDMONSTONE, Secretary to the
Government of India, with the Governor-
G eneral.'

" The new Presidency contains a population, in-
cluding both subjects and dependents, of nearly
22,000,000 and will shortly be garrisoned by an
army of 17,000 Europeans and 45,000" Sikhs. The
change makes no theoretical difference in the
authority of the Chief Commissioner. He is still
bound to obey all orders of the Supreme Govern-
ment, to submit all proceedings, to carry out heartily
any policy the Governor-General may please to
initiate ; but in practice he obtains considerable
power—a right of deciding on details without refer-
ence, and increased authority over his own local
army. No measure, of course, can increase the
influence of Sir John—Lawrence, who, to Lord
Canning's credit be it spoken, though sometimes
crossed on little matters, is, on great questions, an
independent ruler. But the new etatus will add
greatly to the dignity, and therefore to the inde-
pendence, of his successor. That successor has been
' at length definitively selected in the person of Mr.
Montgomery, the Chief Commissioner of Oude.
The choice lay between him and Mr. Edmonstone,
and the latter has been preferred for the North-
west Provinces. Both are admirable selections;
both are thoroughly familiar with their provinces,
and both have a reputation for that stern energy
which for years will be the sine qua non of Indian
politicians.
" The second order decrees the disarming of the
whole of Upper India :

" " ALLAHABAD, DEC. 21, 1858.

" NOTIFICATION.

" ' The Right Hon. the Governor-General has been
pleased to extend the provisions of sections 1,2, and 5, Act
XXVIII., 1857, to the North-Western Provinces of the
Bengal Presidency.
" ' His Lordship having resolved on disarming such parts
of those provinces as are to the north of the rivers Jumna
and Ganges, has farther been pleased under section 24, Act
XXVIII., 1857, to authorise a general search and seizure
of arms by the magistrates and collectors within the tract
above specified. The magistrate and collector may delegate
the same authority to any officer of his establishment of a
rank not lower than a Jemadar.

" ' By order of his Excellency the Right Hon. the Go
vernor-General,

" W. MUIR, Secretary to Government, N.IV.P.'

"The Punjab was disarmed by Lord Dalhousie
the moment he had annexed it, but in the North-
west and Oude the population have been armed for
generations. In Oude every man up to 1858 had a
musket. In the North-west all the fighting classes
possess firearms, and the entire population own,
though they do not always carry, swords. They are
all to be taken away, and the magistrates have so
long petitioned for the measure that they will carry
it out to the full. Even the club, the iron-bound
bamboo, carried by every grown man, and a most
formidable weapon, is to be surrendered. At pre-
sent even Lord Clyde, who is thorougly aware of
the political difficulties involved in a •huge Euro-
pean army, is still said to have recommended that
the permanent force should not be reduced below
85,000 men. It is understood, moreover, that one
small fortification will be raised in every station
in the North-west, so as to render the seizure

of treasure or the simultaneous massacre of all
Europeans a difficult and hazardous operation.
These three points, on all of which the Government
seems at length drifting in the right direction, are
essential to gentle administration. With 50,000
Europeans, no natives carrying firearms, and one
fortified place in each station, we shall be strong
enough to lay aside suspicion and the severity it
induces.

"The campaign in Oude is very nearly over.
The fort of Nanparah was taken on Dec. 27And
the Begum is 'reported to have surrendered. The
enemy, who occupied the place in great force, evacu-
ated it in a panic, and retreated further into the
jungle, and the only fear expressed was lest they
should contrive once more to march round the
attacking column."

CHINA.

HONG KONG, DEC. 30.

We have no political intelligence of any interest.
Of the Yang-tzse expedition nothing has been heard
which can be relied on, but the Chinese in Canton
state that the fleet had reached Hankow, and
created great alarm among the inhabitants, who
were doubtful as to the object of the visit. His
Excellency Baron Gros is here at present.

From Cochin China there is no news.
Canton remains quiet, and our European troops
are very healthy.

A fair business has been done during the past
fortnight in Canton, and moderate transactions
have taken place here also.

Exchange has declined. Bank bills on London,
45. 7d. ; credits, 4s. Md.
Imports have been in good demand, and stocks
of English manufactures are small. The following
transactions are reported for both places :
Cotton-2,749
.bales Bombay sold. Quotations
are—for common, tls. 8 to tls. 9.9 ; middling to
good, tls. 10.3 to tls. 11; fine, tls. 11.5 to tls. 12.4.
Cotton Yarn.-376 bales sold. Nos. 28-32 are
much inquired for.
Tea.—Higher prices paid for each purchase and
the teamen remain very firm. It was hoped that
the news of the 9th of November would induce
somewhat easier prices, but such has not been the
case, the Chinese being quite alive to the effect of
a short supply, which receives daily confirmation.
Only ten chops have come to market during th•
fortnight, and stocks are reduced to three chops of
old Congou, six chops new and eight chops old
Souchong ; while the total export from China to
Great Britain shows a decrease of 4,215,0001 b., as
compared with 1857-58, and 12,180,0001 b., with
1856-57.

The export to America is also 1,000,0001 b. short
and stocks at all the ports are very trivial.