The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-18 00:00:00

TO THE NERVOUS AND DEBILITATED.
CHAR! E 4 WATSON. M.D. (Physician to the Bedford Dis-
pensary), 27, Alfred-Place. Bedford-square, London, continues to
issue, on receipt of six stamps, " THE GUIDE TO SELF-CURE."
Medical Correspondence conducted. _ _

"The first man of the day in these complaints."—Medical Re-
view, July. 1856.

" The true Guide to those who desire a speedy and private cu?e."
—University Magazine.
"The' NEW AMERICAN DISCOVERY' showing the absurdity of
the English mode of treating such complaints,will prove a blessing to
the afflicted, who may safely aed easily regain pristine kealth by
adopting the means presented."—Eveniug Star.

NO MORE PILLS NOR ANY OTHER MEDICINE
:JUREs (a ithout Physic) of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Constipation.
Flatulent y, Phlegm, all Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints,
Hysteria, Neuralgia, Dysentry, Diarrhoea, Acidity, Palpitation,
Hearthiti Headache. Debility, Despondency, Cramps, Spasms,
Nausea, and Sickness (during pregnancy or at sue), Sinking Fits,
Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, also Children's Com-
!plaints ate effected by
1 U BARRY'S delicious REVALENTA
ALABICA FOOD, which restores health without purging,
inconveniei.ce, or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost in other
remedies. It is, moreover, the best food for infants and invalids
generally, as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor inter-
feres with a rood liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch
and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and
muscular energy to the most enfeebled.
We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of grati-
tude from invalids :—Cure N 0.7 I, of dyspepsia, from the Right Hon.
the Lord Stuart de Decies. " I have derived considerable benefit
rrom Du ilarry's Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to
yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines.
Stuart de Deeles."— Cur.-, No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable
agony from dyspepsia nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation,
flatulency, spasms, and sickness at the stomach and vomiting, have
been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food. Maria Jolly, Wortham
Ling, near Dies, Norfolk."—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs,
of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, a cure of extreme ner-
vousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—
Cure No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Oateacre, near Liver
pool : a care of ten ye'ar's dyspepsia, and the horrors of nervous irrita-
bility. Cure No. 18,216. Dr. Andrew Ure of constipation, dyspep-
sia, nervous irritability. Cure No. 34,210. Dr. Shorland of dropsy
and debility. cu,s No. 36,212. Captain Allan of epileptic fits.
Cure Nn. 42.116 Major Edle of enlargement of the liver and total
prostration
s, and
strength.daily
vCi,imrevomiting.,,. 36,418. Rev. Dr. Minster of
cramps, spasms,
o mf
Cure. No. 26,418. Dr. Har-
vey of diarrhoea and debility. Cure No. 39,628. Dr. Wurtzer
of consumption. Cure No. 32,883. William Stunts, Es q., barrister,
of thirty years diseased lungs, spitting of blood, derangement,
of paralysis. Cure No. 46,270. Sir. James Roberts, woodmerchant,
partial deafness. Cure No. 4, ,814. MriSamrruhl Laxton, Leicester,
of two years' diarrhoea. Cure N.0e.r5;20,,i1i5l eDbialgee,raCnedunkitedssi.
gofesCoaesntl.esteutauret,
Nolo."'Saln,B37l2Y.earSsfiss Virginia Z
irritability,had,
abegaurtedrson.eteturaelld
hoofpeesono-f stimption, alter her medical advisers
recovery. Cure No, 180.
tl, and debility, from which haveervseuerFenresti'ge
d" irYO-,llYe years'
con-
stipation, indigestion,
misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, havee been
actually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time.
and nausea forl
Reeves, ibl, Fleet-street, London." No. 4,208. "Eightey'earlY.dj'
e-
peps; a, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms,
which niy servant had consulted the advice of many, have 'been
effectually cured by Du Barry's health restoring Food. I shall be
- lt, answer any inquiries. Rev. John Flavell, Ridlington Ree-
to7Y‘,.Nurfolk." So. 32,836. "Three years' excessive nervousness,
g -eItY, which
miserable,ren-
has bgtsn radically removed by Du
dered my life very
d
with pains in my neck and left arm and enerald
Thi.rteteutat rte,ardAi,rehdeacen of Hess,
Skibbereca." CurevNtina.ve,
been removed years'
Du cioluaffrh,,isndigestion,
Barry's Barry's health restoring F 3706. ex
and ;coeval debility
James Porter, Athol-street,
ReValenta A rabica
against the fearful dangers of spurious imlta-
tation 5:—
Sir William Page Wood granted an injune-
The Vice-Chancellor
1854, against Alfred Hooper Neville, for
Important Caution
Bon on the 111th March,
1 climates, and with till instructions. 111
Statahly pat.sed for al
45
6d; 51b Ils , 121 b 225. The 121 b car-
canisters, Ilb 2s 9d ;
211)
Post-since order. Barry Du Barry and
imitating "Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food."
riage free, ou receipt of
don; k'ortnum, Mason, and Co., pur-
l"
; also at 60, Graceehureh-
veyors to her Majesty,
18'trand ; 4, Cheap! to ; 149, BidllOpagatt.
street ; 330, 430, and 451, S
Regent-street,
fared, and 150, and 159,
co., 77,
0 yrd-street.

The Russians have played the first card in the
game which is uow to come off here. On the 2d
inst. Count Putiatin, Vice-Admiral Aide-de-Camp,
General Governor of Amoor, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary and Ambassador Extraordinary from his Im-
perial Majasty the Emperor of Russia' o tha Court
of Pekin, landed here in plain costume and from a
little boat, accompanied by a suite as unpretending
As their principal. He had left his steamer at Woo-
sung to coal, and took up his residence with the
American house of Russell and Co. The only visits
he paid, except return visits of ceremony, were to
Mr. Beale, au old friend whose guest he had been
when stationed here before the war, and to Mr.
Hurd, the head of another of the principal Ameri-
can houses at this port. From these little facts some
people draw conclusions as to a probable coincidence
of Russian and American councils in the forthcom-
ing negotiations. _ _ _

-Count Putiatin left Petersburg in April, tra-
velled overland in 70 days to the Amoor, where be
found the America, a paddlewheel war steamer,
nuilt in America during the war, and sent round
the Horn and across the Pacific by our kind cousins.
The Count steamed down to the mouth of the Peiho,
:end, after delays and much difficulty, succeeded in
despatching an announcement of his mission to
Pekin. Having occupied the necessary interval
very agreeably in Shanghai, he is now gone north
again to seek an answer to his despatch. The
America left Woosung just before the heavy gale,
and was seen standing northward making very
heavy weather. The Admiral has no force with
him, and hi§ embassy is evidently of an entirely
pacific character.
seems to be thought here that the otjects of
the Rusßians extend no further than to convert

their college at Pekin into a diplomatic establish-
ment, and obtain a participation in the privi-
leges granted to nations " heretofore trading to
Canton." With an Ambassador at Pekin they can
work out the rest at their leisure. Meanwhile the
odium of all coercive measures is to be thrown upon
the English and the French.
We shall seepresently how this will work. The
Count will either go to Pekin, or he will be back
here before the next mail leaves. If Russia gains
time by this quick isolated step, she also risks.
From the treatment she receives we may surely
learn something that may be uselul to us.
The weather has broken up, and we are suffering
a succession of gales which masks the change from
the south-west to the north-east monsoon.. bteamers
therefore will come slowly and at much expenditure
of coal from Hongkong hither, and sailing ships,
if these incumbrances are to come, must be towed.
After the north-east monsoon has settled into its
steady course, there are, however, usually some
weeks of fine weather, and we may still hope that
something will yet be done. I believe the Pekin
weather to be a bugbear. Lord Macartney did not
leave Tartary for Pekin till the 21st of September,
nor Pekin till the Bth of October. He traversed
the whole of China to Canton between the Bth of
October and the 18th of September.
We have heard nothing here either of the French
Ambassador nor of Lord Elgin. But this is not
dispiriting, as, according to former computations,
they are not due till the last week in September.
Perhaps this mail, as it passes Hongkong and Sin-
gapore, may gather some tidings of them both.
The French show signs of movement. As! came
here from Ningpo, we had opportunities of seeing
the coast. My little sailing-boat sped from point
to point during the intervals of light skies and mo-
derate weather; and then, when night or the gale
grew heavy, flew with half-closed wings before the
howling blast, and nestled in some winding inland
creek known only to experienced opium-runners or

the native fishermen or pirates. baring these de-
vious fits of progress we saw the Capriciense French
frigate trying to make way northwards, and alarge
steam transport, which we thought to be Russian,
but which turned out to be also French, lying at
anchor under a sheltering headland.
This is all the news Shanghai affords. Ike Rus-
sian officers have, indeed, been most provokingly
candid and circumstantial as to their means of de-
fence at Castres Bay and Petropaulovski, and as to
their escapes. It would be easy to make an amus-
ing letter out of these revelations. But cui bono ?
Let these unpleasant topics cease. Some Horace
Walpole is no doubt telling the next ago all about
it.

In a former letter I told you that I bad esta-
blished a little channel of communicationi. with Mr.
Commissioner Yeh's back poafrtour in Canton. Un-
fortunatelytortus. I thesen
ddiyffioucusl
bon, and testing make the uurdaenrarsmolussitiodnw,
atyranvselray-
otimese reports,ticrhowever,b which
flotrinhinaknty,sonfirwstildl
efisnpdationhtemreosrtei
thanfeel:
have shown that I might have'' relied
tobveerttiumreesimn
addoeinbgy.
the T The
Americansproce ed ian
are,
uj eanstt.leaveedn.
atts
upo.n my
atin-
formant's
f leastoours
course,
founded
eeon institutedfact. Thbe
yb
theloo ;wsp
Admiralecting the
deenowh
was,ow,
when
the scheme reached his ears put a stop to its execu-
tion. In a printed publ cation, having something
of the character of a newspaper, which is in circula-
tion at Canton, it was stated three weeks ago that
negotiations for peace, together with resumption of
trade, have been delayed in consequence of the
English "head man" having been compelled to leave
for Calcutta to take part in the fighting that is going
on there, and the settlement of these questions is
accordingly for the time postponed, until the Ame-
rican Commissioner "Forbes" (!) can come down
from Shanghai.
If it be true, as my informant states, that Yeh
has removed all prohibitions on trade, you will pro-
bably hear of a brisk traffic being done at Macao
in the teas, &c., that we know were shut up in
Canton or its vicinity, as much of this and other
produce can reach Macao from the West without
risk, so long as the port and river of Canton are
ihe only paints blockaded.
The most important, however, is what is said of
the advance of the rebels towards Canton. Shaou-
hing is scarcely 90 miles west of Canton, the river
leads direct from one place to the other, and there
is no point between the two at which the passage of
a force could be disputed. Our best hope that the
rebels will not traverse those 90 miles must be that
they know they will find only famine at their jour-
ney's end.

(Translation.)
"REPORT No. 1.
the"GOonvetrhneor2-G8 tehnJerually
(Hyeobw)r
aandv iswitae the
sd
received
dmbu of
by his
his
Exce leucy in the western roception-room. The inter-
view lasted for a couple of hours (Chinese or English
not specified—one of the former is equal to two of ours),
and the attendants and every one else were excluded
from it. It is impossible, therefore, to say what
formed the subject of it.
"At about 8 a in. on the 29th the Governor-General
summoned two of the linguists before him, and put
various questions to them, the subject of these questions
being the state of affairs in Hongkong and its vicinity.
He also required the linguists to bring him an official
letter that had been brought to Whainpoa by an
American ship. As soon as the Governor-General
had perused this letter he ordered the officer in
charge of the gate of yamun to inform How-
qua that his Excellency wished to see him,
and the expectant Taoutee (or Intendent of Circuit)
Chin was also desired to wait upon his Excellency.
The subject of the conference held by his Excellency
with these officers was an application on the part of the
Americans to be allowed to trade. _ .

" We hear that the American; have expressed their
readiness to present the Governor-General with $200,000
in the event of his permitting them to carry on trade (at
Canton) as heretofore.
_ _

" On the 30th of July Howqua proceeded, by direc.
tion of the Governor-General, to Wbampoa to see there
the American Consul and other officers, and to settle
with them relative to the permission given to the Ame-
rican merchants to trade at Fushan, Chinteun, and
other places.
" The Americans had another request to make—
namely, the grant of au island at which they might carry
on their trade with China, but the Governor-General
said he could decide on nothing in reference to this im-
portant matter without previously bringing► the subject
to the notice of the Emperor.
" Letters have been received from Foochow, stating
that the committee (tor supplies of war) at Nantai, the
suburb lay the bridge, resolved on levying a tax on Patna
opium of 40 dole. per chest, and 4 do's. per 10 catties
on Mal a/a and Turkey opium.
"The Guvernor-General took occasion only recently
to inform all the high principal officer+, comprising the
Principal Committee for War Supplies, that as the bar-
barians now desired to treat for peace some relaxation
might be allowed in the strict guard hitherto maintained
and that with this view the (or certain of the) city gates
might be opened, and traffic again permitted. Subse-
quent to the issue of these orders, reports were repeatedly
received of Shaoubing being greatly distressed by rebels
who, it would appear, have invested that city. Direc-
tions were thereupon given for the despatch of some of
the officers, soldiers and braves who had been employed
against the barbarians, to relieve the said city by extir-
pating the rebels, and accordingly a force embarked in
70 boats, under the orders of Soohai, bound to Kaouming
a district city near to Shaouhing. This force took its
departure on the 25th and 26th of July, and on the 2cl

inst. word came that it had sustained a severe defeat,
many of the boats having been burnt, and the whole force
scattered, Soohai himself was among the missing.
" The 29th of July being the Emperor's birthday, all
the provincial authorities were in attendance at gunfire
in the temple dedicated to his Maje.ty, where they did
reverence before the sacred tablet, For seven days, viz.,
from the 26th of July to the let of August, they all ap
peared in public in full uniform."
" REPORT No. 2.
" The following particulars have been taken from the
records in the yamun of the Governor-General :
( The first report describes the measures taken by the
Governor-General to prevent the exportation of copper
cash to Shanghai, his interviews with the prefect and
magistrates of Canton, and the orders issued resulting in
the arrest of 12 of the money-changers, who, it was
understood, would he severely punished, &a.)
" On the 6th of August the Governor-General sum-
moned Lin Fuhehing, an expectant Prefect, anl one
of the officers of the Committee for the Supplies of War.
Shaouhing, it appears, has been invested by a rebel force,
who, taking advantage of the swollen state of the West
River, swept dovrn past Fungchuen and Tihhing, two
cities near the borders of Kwangei province and about
150 mil-s to the west of Shaouhing, their advance being
greatly assisted by means of large rafts constructed of
heavy spars lashed together, and having fires lighted at
the foremost end. Their presence before Shaonhiog occa-
sioned the greatest distress and'olarm in thatcity. News
had previously been received (at Canton) of the defeat of
Soohai's (late Admiral at Escape Creek) fleet with the
loss of 70 junks—the number of missing soldiers and
officers had not been ascertained. The Governor-Gene-
ral's object in now summoning Lin Fahshing was to
direct him to go to the relief of that place with 1,000 of
the Lin Braves (a body raised for the defence of Canton
by his father, who acted at one time as chief magistrate
of Shanghai, therefore called Lin Braves—the braves
raised by Lin), and the Governor-General authorised
him to hire 30 fast boats to serve as transports, and to
travel day and night. ',Swan Tapir, thit,,sailitary cool-
mandarin-chief of-the-whole province, is holding Shaou-
hing against the rebels with 'about 3,000 regulars.
" On the 7th of Aug. the Governor-General or bared
the acting Taoutai Le and the expectant Prefect Chin to
take a linguist with them, and proceed to Ta Sliih and
Chanchow to confer with the American merchants there,
but the particular nature of the business did not transpire.
" Again, all the boats at Chintsun, Kiangman (towns
of supply for Canton and Macao), and other places, that
have been lying there laden with tea and silk and other
produce, have received passes from the Chinese authori-
ties allowing them to proceed to Macao and to trade
there with the foreign merchants.
" The principal officers of the Committee for the Sup-
plies of War—viz., the Commissioner of Finance and
Commissioner of Justice (being the highest officers of
the province next to the Governor-G- neral and Gover-
nor), bad an audience of the Governor-G,neral to
in an informal winner the condition of the funds at their
disposal. They represented that they bad already de-
livered to the committee the following recent contribu-
tions : Tads.
From the Shuntih district
From the fleargsban district
.000
From the Sichwuy district
As well as additional contributisras or
percentages from other sources of 78,000

Total
"They further represented that now, while the bar-
barian affairs remained unsettled, the daily expenditure
of the committee for the hire of junks, braves, and their

equipments amounted to upwart.l4 of 12,000 tank, and
that this sum would now be further b.creased by up-

wards of 7,500 %eels in consequence of the addi,lonal
outlay they were obliged to incur to provide means for
checking the alarming advance of the rebels upon
Shaoaking ; that therefore the incomings were not suffi-
cient to meet the expenditure, and they accordingly
moved the
.Governor-General to appoint a depute-

tion, consisting of a taoutai and a preie.ct, with 10 s'Bo.

elates of the rink of district magistrates, ie make a tour
through all the districts of the province, to raise therein
all the contributions in their power, making returns of
the same every three months to the Provincial Govern-
ment. The proposal received the assent of the Governor
General, who said that the appointment of the officers
who were to compose the deputation should be made on

the 11th or 12th of August.
" The levy of an import duty on opium both in the
viceroyalty of the two Kiang provinces and in that of
Fuhkren and Chehkiang has been officially announced
(iiy the Governors-General of those provinces to the
Government of Kwasgtung), and his Excellency the
Superintendent of Maritime Customs at Canton and the
Governor-General Yeh have despatched a joint memo-
rial to the Court, begging to be instructed whether it Is
his Majesty's pleasore that the same course shoull he
adopted in these provinces. This memorial was sent
off in idle charge of a or *lair on the Bth inst.
"The Le Szeting (a Tartar civilian) reported the issue
of ratinns to the Tartar troops for the fifth month
(May, June). On this occasion 740ths had been issued
in grain, and 3-10ths in cask, the total amount of grain
being 7,600 shill, and of cash 3,200 teaou and upwards.
(A shih is about equal to a picnl, 1331 b. ; a teaou is 1,000
cash, about 6s. Bd.)
"On the BLh inst. au officer reported his return from
Pekin, and that he was the bearer of a present, consisting
of incense, deers' sinews (which are stewed into a soup,
a great Chinese luxury), and other thiuge, which the
Emperor had been pleased to confer on Yeti's father.
These were accordingly received in state in the Viceroy's
yamun.
"iDated Canton, Ang, 10."
(Translation )
" REPORT No. 3.—NOTE OF OCCURRENCES IN THE VA-
MUN OF THE IMPERIAL HIGH COMMISSIoNER YEEL
" August 20.
"One of the Viceroy's messengers (an officer) arrived
to-day from Pekin. He brought a despatch from the
Noy- woo-foo (or office for the management of the Impe-
rial household), stating that the Emperor had been
Pleased to direct that the Superintendent of Maritime
Customs for the province of Kwaugtung (or Hoppo of
Canton) should continue to hold that appointment Ur
another year. A second despatch from the Nny-woo-foo
enclosed eight taels' weight of pearls and 370 pieces of
ginseng, the value of which, estimated at 114,000 taels,
the Hoppo is required to pay into the treasury of the
household. He has given notice of his readiness to pay
74,000 taels, but has applied to the Governor-General
sear Nankin :—.olo7oo,nto ti t
e ca
I,to call on the Salt Commissioner for the remaining sum
of 40,000 taels.
"A. despatch was also received from the Board of
War (at Pekin), urging the transmission without further
delay of the following supplies for the use of the main
of
boufllesitlgv.er, 8,000
armycatti ea
es ofgunpowder,
" The Governor (Pih Kwei) had an interview to-day
with the Viceroy on the subject of supplies required for
the army in Hoonau. The Commissioners who have to
i 7
provide for the necessary munitions for that force have
sent an officer to Canton to purchase 2,000 rattan shields
and 500 foreign muskets, and their Excellencies had to
consider whom they should depute to procure the latter
either at Hong King or Macao.
" Tsang-fungn-een, the admiral commanding at Yang
Kiang (in Shaouhing department), and Wei-teeliang,
commanding the naval station at Shun-tih (between the
Bogue nd- Canton), were admitted to an interview with
the Governor-General, and received directions to take
under their orders 3,000 regulars and militia, and baying
embarked them in 50 war-boats and 30 cargo-boats, to
proceed with them to the relief of Woochow with all
possible despatch.
" The head Committee for the supplies of War issued
20,000 taels of silver to certain officers deputed by them
to purchase at Chin-teun and Kiang-mun 10,000 piouls
of rice, which it is the intention of the committee to
forward immediately to Woocbow, under convoy of a
force of 500 men that have been told off for the purpose.
The Commissioners of Finance and of Justice waited
upon the Viceroy to report to bile the condition of the
funds of the head Committee for the Supplies of War.
They have still in hand 581,000 taels, but this sum it
appears, is not more than sufficient to meet the demands
that will be made upon them during the first 10 days of
this month (August—September.) They therefore sug-
gested that officers should be deputed to visit the va-
rious districts in the vicinity of Canton, in order to se-
cure the prompt payment and immediate transmission
to Canton of fresh contribution,.
"The Prefect of Canton reported that the Wan-ming
gate the south face (on of the old city) had been again
opened and placed in the charge of an officer and guard.
"His Excellency Shwang, the Tartar lieutenant-gene-
ral of the right division (of the garrison), had au inter
view with the Viceroy to request his assistance in pro-
curing for the use of the naval brigade to be attached to
the Tartar force 1,200 jackets of cow-hide and 800 fo-
reign muskets. The head committee for supplies of war
were directed to arrange tor thepurchaseof these articles,
the cost, amounting to upwards of 7,000 teals, being
defrayed by the Tartar comnaander-in-chief.
" August 23.
" Reports were received to-day from the West (of the
Province). It appears that, although the rebels of Tih-
hing an d Fungchuen have fallen hack, Woochow is suf-
fering severely from the long siege, and is now without
provisi •
'ono In the middle of the sixth month (beginning
of 'August) a tad (or ounce) of silver could only purchase
10 ounces of rice, and both soldiers and people were
dying in great numbers. This slender supply of grain is
now exhau ted, and hides, offal, birds, rats, and other
vermin are eagerly sought after as food. The sufferings
of the survivors cannot be deserib AL They make the
most urgent appeals for assistance or relief of any kind,
and the Viceroy has called upon the d,fferent tradesmen
and shopkeepers to contribute dried meat, dried potatoes
nee, cakes, and portable foods of that nature, which are
to be conveyed to Woochow as fast as they are received.
"A Viceroy's messenger left for Pekin with three
memorials from his Excellency Yeh to the Throne, one
reporting the remission of six months' taxes to the inha-
bitants of Siubing, Siuning, Kaouming, and other dis-
tricts in the vicinity of Shaouhing; another, announcing
the arrival of the Governor (Pihkwei) and his resump-
tion of office; and the other reporticg the recent descent
of the rebels upon Shaouhing, the defeat of the imperial
fleet, and the death of Soohai.

" August 24.
4‘ An officer from the department of Chaou-chow•foo
(ix the east of the Province) reported his arriyal at Can•

ton as bearer of 65,000 taels, which had been contri-
buted by the mercantile classes of Chmon-chow The
Viceroy directed that the money should be pat.d over
to the committee, and that the officer should be ad-
mitted to an audience to-morrow.
"The district magistrate of Shuntik, near the Bogue,
reported his arrival with 137,000 taels, .being the
amount realised upon the lands and property of rebels,
or people in their interest, that had lately been seques-
tered. The Viceroy directed the delivery of the money
to the committee and the admission of the magistrate
to an audience to-morrow.
" The district magistrate of Nanhai reported the
detection of certain frauds in the collection of the sums
which the pork-butchers of Canton had been called upon
to contribute. The fraud had been committed by the
butchers themselves, and the magistrate wee; authorised
to proce againstthem for the sums that had been short
paid, amounting to 18,000 tee's."
In my last letter I ventured to point out that
when England assumes the character of champion
of all civilised nations she incurs some rather
onerous responsibilities. If all are to share in the
advantages she claims for herself, she is bound to
guarantee to the Chinese that by none shall those
advantages be abused. I must recur to this subject,
even at the risk of being tedious, for it is a most im-
portant topic for consideration in anyfuture treaty.
Every one who looks at China from the English
point of view must now be satisfied that no treaty
can be worth the powder that salutes its signature
if it do not stipulate that China shall become one of
the great family of civilised nations. Foolish people
treat children with alternate coaxiugs and floggings,
and John Bull, with a certain conceited pity, bas so
treated John Chinaman. Treat him as a man, and
exact from him the duties of a civilised. man, and
you will have no further trouble with him.
The port of Niugpo is an example of what a
hundred other large cities will be when you have
obtained your object of an unrestricted trade up all
the great rivers on all the coasts of China. It is
what flang:than, Chin-Kiang, and Nankin will be.
Your direct trade is only to the immediate district ;
the carrying trade will attract Ships from all Euro-
pean countries. Hamburg sends more ships up the
Ningpo river than even England. Every petty
nation that has a flag to lend or sell is represented
either by its square-rigged ships or by its nonde-
script lorchas. Sweden and Denmark, and Ham-
burg and Holland, and Spain and Portugal, are
all Christian nations, all have traded, or say they
have traded, to Canton, and all have flags under
which honest men and scoundrels may equally claim
treaty rights. But these nations have no consuls
and no men of war to keep the peace. If an English,
an American, or a French ship comes to Ningpo,
she must pay her tonnage dues and get her grand
chop before she can clear out. If an armed Ham-
burg ship comes up the river she does as she pleases,
—that is to say, she pays no tonnage dues, to the
obvious disadvantage of the ships of the great
Powers. T n other day tire Europeans boarded a
Chinese junk in that river, and, under pretence of
being ollic.ers entitled to see her papers, plundered
her of all the silver sue had on board. Complaint
was made. One of the pirates was found to be an
English subject—one Murphy—he was tried before
the Consul and sentenced to two years' imprison-
ment. Several of the others were Europeans,
subjects of nations represented by no authorities
here ; there was no power to t'iuch them.
This is a difficulty which must be met if we would
not " open up China" t o all the outlaws of Europe ' •
but it is not insurmountable. Let it be part of
the treaty stipulation that no nation shall claim
the advantages of a treaty power except under con-
ditions. Let one of those conditions be, that when
that nation is unrepresented at any port the two
senior Consuls, or the English, French, and Arne-
can Consuls, or the Consuls chosen by the other
resident Consuls for that purpose, shall have the
consular power over the subjects of the nation. I
believe that to render the remedy perfect you must
go still further, and provide that the resident con-
suls shall assist each other with any force at their
command in order to preserve order and enforce
the provisions of the treaty. The time is not far
distant when commerce will teach China how to
defend herself. I noted these facts at Niugpo in
sight of an armed commercial steamer and four
large ship-rigged vessels, all owned by merchants of
Ningpo who wear tails and carry fans. At present,
however, Chinese Mandarins in this peaceful No&
dread all hostile contact with Europeans who are
not Portuguese, and it is rather our policy to
cherish this feeling.
The case. of Tobin, the man who went up the
country to collect " convoy money," or, in plain
English, to rob with violence, is another embarrass-
ment. The man is dead, and the circumstances
are, it appears, worse than they were at first reported.
When he had, either in anger or by mischance,
shot one of his Chinese comrades, the villagers
seized him and lashed his arms and legs
to a bamboo pole, passed up his back. The poor
wretch's torments must have been fearful. He
could not lie, he could not sit ; the thongs were
eating through his flesh, and his wounds were fes-
tering in the sun. , A little boiled rice was daily
put into his mouth, and that was all. Six days he
endured thi'. On the 7th be was taken to D .
Parker's hospital, his wrists, and legs, and back, all
covered with sloughing sores. He had been tor-
tured to death, and he d ed.
Now, this is the meet important fact that has
occurred since the late war. The affair of the
Arrow is as nothing compared with it. It is the
murder of a British subject. There is ito reason to
regret that this wretched ruffian has ceased to live ;
but we must recollect that he was tortured to death
not because he was a robber, but because one of
his own fellow-ruffians was slain. The conduct of
the villagers was in direct contravention of the
treaty, and the precedent, if allowed, will apply to
any Englishman whomay accidentally violateChinere
law while in pursuit of peaceful avocations.
I have no doubt that Mr. Meadows will deal with
this matter with the temper and firmness it requires.
The elder of the village must be made accountable
for this English (or rather Irish) life as he would
have been accountable for a Chinese life, and the
reparation should be very public. Otherwise any
treaty will be a dead letter. To-day the victim is
a worthless outlaw ; next year the victim's name
may be Jardine, or Dent, or Beale, or Gibb, or
Fletcher.
As I thought the English public may like to know
what preparations the Chinese are making in the
neighbourhood of Ningpo, and what probability
there is of a repetition of the occurrences of the last
war, I determined to spend a few days in a survey
of the scenes of our most important conflicts.
I believe that John Bull will be utterly disap-
pointed of anything like a fight. Ningpo itself
is defended along the whole extent of its walls by
two guns, whose explosion would be terrific and
cause immediate destruction to all who should ap-
proach—to fire them. It is said there are a thou-
sand soldiers in the city, and the assertion is very
probable. But the Chinese, who invented every-
thing, invented that system of purchase which is
the ornament and safeguard of our military system.
They carry out the principle further than we have
yet done. In China a soldier receives a certain
modicum of cash and rice, amounting perhaps to
6d. a-day, he attends parade now and then when
called upon, and he works at his trade at all other
times. This is an advantageous position, and the
Mandarins take care he shall not get it for nothing.
From 15 to 30 dollars, according t' the demand, is
the price paid for his commission by a private in the
Chinese army. Some time since some tall strong
Shantung fellows who were out of employ wished to
enlist. Their offer was laughed at, and some old
men and cripples whose friends wished to provide for
them in the army of the Empire were duly regis-
tered. I believe that if at any moment Commander
Dew were to land his 17 marines and proceed to the
Toutai's Yemen, and were to tell him that his
Sovereign had resolved to annex Ningpo and the
surrounding plain, and that Mr. Consul Meadows
now reigned as Toutai, the old gentleman would
simply protest that such conduct was " most un-
reasonable" and. would be led away like a lamb.
As to the people, they are so worn out with con-
tinual " squeezes" that a judicious proclamation
would quite reconcile them to the change.
USAN HARBOUR, SEPT. 9.
On the 6th of Sept., in a boat with two ears and
two eyes, a foresail and mainsail kept taut by bam-
boo sticks worked into them, and a comfortable
cabiu, built as a hurricane-house, and occupying
nearly all her length, I started with a strong, ad-
verse wind for Chusan. The Rosina is partly used
as a passage boat, partly to carry information, but
chiefly to carry " drug"—the commercial name for
opium. She belongs to an eminent commercial
house, is navigated by one European and a Chinese
crew, has a good store of Minie rifles, always fit for
service, is a good sea boat, a fast sailer, and the
type of a numerous class. Everybody of any im-
portance has one of these Ningpo boats.
It would take more space than I dare occupy to
describe the 10 miles of the river Yung. The simple,
yet effective ice-houses, and the no less simply con.
structed salt stores which occupy the right bank ;
the wood junks, each in its separate mud dock (so
closely packed that there is not room for another),
which line the left bank ; the " frowning," batteries
which are built at the end of every reachwalldeserve

description. I can only pause, however, to say a
word about the batteries. They are built of stone,
and some of them have very powerful guns, but
the wonder is that their armament has not long
ago been stolen by the pirates and convoy lorchas.
I have visited them all in different excursions down
the river. There is tie guard-house, no magazine,
no sponge-rammer or worm; the iron guns and the
stone walls make up the battery. A naval officer
who accomponied me in one of my wanderings was
pesitively distressed at the forlorn condition of an
English-cast 32-pounder 13 feet long, and weighing
4 tons, so mounted that a charge of a pound of pow-
der would have thrown it from its rotten carriage.
I believe he would have provided the poor gun with
a decent carriage at his own expense, even it he
knew that he must meet its fire next day, so indig-
nant was he that a good gun should be so shame-
fully treated.
At the mouth of the Yung we come to the city of
Chinghai with its enormous fleet of junks which
crowd the river, and its extensive artificial sea
beach of hewn granite. Here arc those extraordi-
nary natural fortifications which the Chinese at-
tempted to utilise in the last war, and this was the
scene ofthemosttremendousslaughterthat occurred.
The mouth of the Yung is beset by rocky islets and
sunken shoals, which make the approach difficult
and the channels intricate. Each shore is com-
manded by a high conical hill. That on the left is
surmounted by a stone tower, that on the right by
a fort and a josshouse. On a former occasion I
passed a night and two days in that Pagan temple.
I slept, wrapped in my cloak, at the feet of a ter-
rible Indian god. All night long the Abbot in his
mitre sat upon his throne turning his back upon a
gigantic idol of " the Queen of Heaven," and his
priests sat round the table before him. A thou-
sand little dishes, each containing some article of
vegetable food curiously cooked, preserved, or made
into sweetmeats, covered not only the table, but
other temporary scaffoldings erected for the pur-
pose throughout the temple. It was a great cere-
mony, with a highly emblematical ritual. The
prayer was evidently for a favourable harvest, for
every fruit was taken up and blessed and chanted
over. The picturesque scene, the monotonous mut-
terings, and perhaps also the mosquitos kept me
awake till past midnight. When I awoke iu the
morning the sun was invadiug my corridor, and
priests, aid food, and scaffoldings, and tables had
all vanished. But the old Indian god scowled upon
us as ridiculously fierce as ever. Alas ! his divine
scowl had nut scared away the musquitoes.
From the embrasures on the top of this Joss-
house Fort I could look down upon the scene of
flat terrible carnage, when in the last war the
Chinese army of ten thousand men were routed in
ten minutes, when the flying multitude was arrested
by a line of bayonets, and when before the slaughter
could be stayed one-half the number either perished
by the steel or were forced into the broad river.
This lesson, repeated at Ningpo, and again on the
hills beyond, has never been forgotten.
In the Josshouse-fort there is one gun, mounted,
probably as an alarm gun. There is another sunk
half-way in the earth, with a British spike in it.
These are the defences of the mouth of the Yung.
At four o'clock in the morning we were tacking
through the islands ; at 10 we cast anchor in the
harbour of Chusan. re are accustomed in England
to think of Qhusan as a fine, large island, open to
the Chinese seas, where you may see the sun, with
purple-coloured face, lift up his head from the dis-
tant waters. So upon its eastern side it probably is ;
not so as wo are in the habit of approaching it. The
harbour of Tinghai is a land-locked strait, about
three-quarters of a mile across—not unlike the
Menai in some places. You might be in a mode-
rate sized river ; you have come in through a
labyrinth of narrow channels, and you see no evi-
deuce of an open sea. Many a city upon a Chinese
river looks more like a seaport than this famous
port and harbour of Tinghai.
Nothing can be more picturesque to look upon
than the mountains and valleys of this fair island,
which now occupies all scope of view upon our left.
Gradual elevatons, clothed with small hamlets and
many-coloured vegetation, swell from the strait.,
affording charming sites far barracks and hospitals
and head-quarter houses. Away behind the in-
terior hills rise into peaks on which the clouds are
resting. Narrow gorges and deep valleys run far
up inland, offering shady retreats in hot summer
mouths and fertile fields in every season.
The least pleasant is the flat on which the city
stands. Opposite to the spot where we east anchor
the hills retire from the strait and form au amphi-
theatre. The interval between their base and the
water is a semicircle. Let the hills represent the
arc of a strung bow and the strait represent the
string. The area between is the swampy marsh
upon which the city of Tinghai stands, surrounded
by paddy-fields and racist grounds. Just at that
point of the string where the archer would fix the
notch of his arrow there is a hill which nature
seems to have placed there to commandand protect
the strait.
Such is the natural site of the land at the port of
Chusan. Along the shore of the strait, to the full
extent of the string of our bow, runs a green em-
bankment. You would think it a dam thrown up
as a protection against high tides, but that at regu-
lar intervals embrasures are left. The hill which
stands in the centre of the chord of our arc has been
fort ified with walli and parapets of stone masonry ;
and it is still surmounted by that same Josshouse
which 17 year+ ago obtained for it the name of Joss-
house Hill. There aro stone batteries also upon
several of the islets ; all the narrow channels are
thus commanded, and there is a large battery far
up the valley.
Except that the harbour contains, instead of a
Mandarin fleet, Some 60 small trading junks, the
place must now look much as it did wheu our fleet
first sailed in—when the Chinese Admiral so feel-
ingly expostulated with us upon the injustice of
revenging insults put upon us by the Cantonese by
slaughtering the defenders of those weak intrench-
ments—when the old man, with a dignity and cou-
rage worthy of a better fate, acknowledged thatour
power was too great to allow him to hope for suc-
cess, but declaring that his orders and his duty en-
joined him to die at his post, went smiling down
the side of our flagship, resigned to meet the doom
which too surely awaited him in its most painful
form on the morrow.
It I recall the memory of these painful scenes
it is to protest against their recurrence. If tbe.e
places are to be again occupied let it be done sud-
denly, before any peremptory orders for a desperate
defence can arrive from Pekin. Not that Tinghai
is, under proper conditions, incapable of defence.
Garrisoned by English troops, it is difficult to con-
ceive a place more- impregnable. Approached by
narrow rock-bound channels, covered by command-
ing heights, and having its own citadel hill, it is
formed for a place of strength ; but the Chinese
at Chusan seem to have learned only one lesion
from the last war—the inutility of all defences.
Yes : I think they have learnt outs other lessor* ; it
is that British dollars follow hard upon British
bayonets. I landed and walked along the embank-
ment ; there was not a gun. I climbed the Joss-
house Hill. The masses of masonry that look so
imposing from below are all loose blocks which a
shot would topple over ; still no gun. In the Joss-
house was an old priest muttering and beating
upon his little drum, another smoking his pipe,
and a third asleep. A. half-starved dog seemed
perishing under the same vice of idleness which per-
vades the place. His diet in a Buddhist temple
could not be very succulent, and his akin was worn
raw from lying all day long upon the stone floor.
Sloth had eaten into his bones. Two or three
Chinamen, sailors from the junks, were venting
their " Ey yaw," as they examiued the representa-
tions of the punishments of the Buddhist Hell. Not
without reason, for the Joss-house of Tinghai is
richer than any temple I have seen in ingenious tor-
tures. The kings of Hell it in judgment like
Chinese mandarins. The executioners are braying
the victims in mortars, boiling them in furnaces,
skinning them with knives, throwing them to tigers,
squeezing them between boards. cutting them up
and hanging the bits on hooks, beating them with
mallets, tormenting them with hot irons—all re-
presented in coloured plaster groups with a horrible
fidelity of detail, and with an ingenuity of concep-
tion as to the instruments employed, which would
argue that the Buddhist priests are no contemptible
mechanics, and that it is well for the barbarians
they are not employed in the invention of warlike
to
not even the dog, took any notice of me.
r;
No
e n
one, t ar a.
I looked from the top of the hill down into the city
of Tinghai—into the suburb which extends from
it up to the water side—upon the pagoda and the
Artillery-hill—and upon the English tombs which
cover the descent of the hill upon which I was
standing.
Everything
tthin
Everything had he sag wasme listless, and paddy.
, unprepared,
care-abandoned air. There was not agu
visible froth the spot, not a muzzle lurking behind
any one of the hundred of embrasures which I
could count around. A. few junks were working
up the canal or river which runs from the harbour
up to the city, and some others were unloading Joss-
house furniture upon the wharf below me. I had
heard men of the last war talk of gravel walks and

the coast. If we have to police the Chinc”e wast,
or to hold power in the great inland waters, we
must have a large naval depot, and that can be no
other than the harbour of Tinghai. It will, how-
ever, be a naval depot and no more. Not only
past experience, but also all a priori reasoning
shows that Chusan can never become a place of
great commerce.
I had seen enough—enough, at least, for one day.
It was raining a drizzling rain and blowing hard.

I was racked with rheumatism, and tortured by that
horrid gpestileuce which no one can escape, for
they are the blossoms of this flowery land--an
eruption cf boi;s. I sent into the city for Coolies
and a chair to penetrate a little into the interior on
the morrow, and I returned on board.
The Rosina lay just abreast of a long low building
of Eutopean or rather of Anglo-Indian build-11
windows and a verandah. Part of it is now used
as a Custom-houso, and the rest is dirt and desola-
tion. This was the British hospital. The man who
chose that site is guilty of many of the deaths re-
cor led_ in that r- `eye '2. and many of those
upon the Cameronian.lllll: ThEre are hills and cal-

leys close around when: at small labour you might
make a little E len. If you must be near the dirty
town and the Chinese samshoo—whicb, of all Chi-
nese inventions, is the most deadly to the English
soldier—there is the Josahouse-hUI. The British
hospital is placed upon a level with the swamp, in
full reek of the paddy-fields, within the circuit of
the stench of that filthy suburb, and in a spot where
samshoo can be conveniently handed in through
every window, yet we wonder in England that Cliu-
san was found unhealthy.

I bad full opportunity of contetnplating this place.
No sooner had I got on board than the breeze be-
came a gale and the misty rain a driving storm.
Then rose the tempest—a tempest such as the
China Seas only can show. It lasted all night, and
the next day and the next. During a momentary
pause we saw through one of the narrow islet
channels a large screw steamer carrying her funnel
abaft her mainmast, struggling down under the
mainland. Some one has since sail it was the
Durance French transport, and that she grounded
on the height of the Typhoon. The Shanghai
Shipping
.List afterwards repeated this latter report.
It may be so, but I doubt it. I believe it was the
same at earner I saw two days later in company with
the Capricieuse frigate off Lookong. She might be
the Durance, but we did not make her out to be
aground or any otherwise in "durance vile." What-
ever she was, however, she passed like a spirit on
this hurricane. Outside the typhoon was sweeping
the seas and ravaging the coasts. It drove the light
ship at the mouth of the Yang.tse-Kiang from her
moorings, it strewed the junks about iu pieces of
floating wreck, it broke dow n walls, it cast away a
three-masted English ship, and lifted a schooner
over the sand of the south bank and deposited her
in the paddy-fields. It dammed up the waters of
Wang-poo and the Yung, and hero in this bay of
Chusan it put junks adrift and bands of wreckers
upon the alert. The Rosins had ground tackle
made for such emergencies. She drifted at first,
but her second anchor brought her up. We were
fortunately in the best harbour on the coast of
China. After this experience I have a right to
speak well of the harbour of Chusan.
On the night of the third day we sailed forth
with a moderate wind and a bright moonlight.
SHANGHAI, SEPT. 20.
Since the Remi started with the mail and my des-
patch we have the setni-monthlyfrorn England with
dates to the 28th of July. Messrs. Jardine's house,
in their usual grand seigneur way of doing things,
despatch a fast private steamer to overtake the
mail or perhaps outstrip it. So I have an oppor-
tunity for more last words.
I have nothing to chronicle, however, except the
blank disappointment of all the English residents at
the newsjust received. Delhi not fallen and Lord
Palmerston's Pekin monomania strong upon him.
We had hoped that Lord Elgin, sharing, as we all
believe he does, the universal feeling here, would
have obtained leave to allow the Russians and the
French to go up and each get his kick at the mouth
of the Peiho, while he stayed south and took Can-
ton. The Russian has got over his twenty drys'
naval koo too. The Frenchman comes on very
leisurely to take his turn of humiliation. Lord.
Elgin may now, I suppose, be expegted.in about a.
fortnight. He also, with the navy of England, must
dance attendance in a sea of winter tempests while
the petty Mandarin at the mouth of the Pekin
river is calculating how long he can keep up the ex-
hibition of the humiliation of the " bat barians."
Oh ! that net row blue riband of the Foreign-office.
It is harder, and toughtr, and stiffer than the red
tape of the Circumlocution-office ; it swathes the
energies of nations, while the rail tape only cripples
a clerk. Tho Emperor has just taken pains, by an.
announcement in the Pekin Gazette, to et the
world know that he is informed of and approves
Yeti's doings at Canton. France and Russia have
no casus Belli—they have no factories destroyed,
no steamers taken and burnt, no proclamations of
head-money to resent. They have their quarrel to
seek, and they go up, therefore, and offer their
faces to the miter., We are in the position of that
valorous individual who said, " Sir, you have
tweaked my nose, you have kicked me behind, you
have knocked my hat over my eyes ! Take care,
sir ; you may go too far ; you may rouse the sleep-
ing lion !" Oh, for one three months of the elder
Pitt He would have klegraphed—" Take Can-
ton and hold it with your present fares." And it
would have been done ; for, although the authori-
ties here are afraid of "her Majesty's Opposition,"
they are not afraid of Chinamen. With Canton
taken, and some gunboats at Tien-sing, we might
write our own treaty and have it signed in three
months.
But no'; years, and millions, and perhaps fleets,
certainly human lives, must be sacrificed to the
pedantry of diplomacy. Somehow or other those
six black rams who are reputed to ba the genii
of Canton city seem to have obtained seats in
our House of Commons.
Then we are told that sailing ships can carry
troops faster than steamships, and, judging from
the choice made, we are also to believe that re-
gular old water-bruisers with indifferent antece-
dents are better than good screw vessels. I find
that some people hero know, or profess to know,
something about these ships—what one of them
was solefor, and how many times that amount
her charter to China will bring, what happened
to another of them, and so on. However, let
us hope that they will bring us our 1,500 ma-
ines out in time to eat their Christmas dinner
n Canton.