The Sun.
London, England, 1857-01-28 00:00:00

THE SUA, L )NDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUAItv 28 i 467

PI OYAL PRINCESS'S THEA.TRE
T
THIS EVENING will be performed

—_ ----
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
After which, a new grand Christmas Pantomime, called
ALADDIN AND THE WONDERFUL LAMP;
or, Harlequin and the Genii of the Ring. Harlequin, Mr.
Cormack ; Clown, Mr. Huline ; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; Co-
lumbine, Miss C. Adams.

rUREA.TRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
_IL THIS EVENING, to commence at Seven,
THE LITTLE TREASURE, in which Miss Blanche Fane,
Miss Talbot, Mrs. Poynter, Mr. Buckstone, and Mr. Howe
will appear.
After which, a new comic Christmas Pantomime, entitled
THE BABES IN THE WOOD, or Harlequin and the Cruel
Uncle. The scenery of the opening story painted by Ar W.
Callcott. The pantomime produced under the direction of
M. Milano. Harlequin, Milano ; Columbine, Fanny
Wright ; Pantaloon. Mr. Mackay ; and Clown, Mr. Driver.

To conelnde with MAKE YOUR WILLS.
A Horning performance of the Pantomime will be given
every Thursday • commencing at 2, concluding at 1.

r?. OYAL SURREY THEATRE
irt-t) Lessees, Messrs. Shepherd and Creswiek.
THIS EVENING, an original play, in three acts, entitled
A BIRD IN THE HAND WORTH TWO IN THE BUSH.
Roderick Praiseworthy, Mr. Shepherd.
After which, HARLEQUIN AND THE SUMMER
QUEEN. Harlequin, Mr. F. Glover; Clown, Mr. Buck ;
Pantaloon, Mr. Bradbury; the Four Sprites, the Fillis
Fa-
oily ; Columbines. Mesdames Mario and Agnes.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI,
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.

Great Hit of A Night at Notting-Hill.
THIS EVENING will be performed
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

After which, A NIGHT AT NOTTING-HILL, in which
Mr. Wright and Pail Bedford will appear.
To conclude with the new and original union of modern
burlesque and old English pantomime (as originated
at this theatre), by Professor Wordspinner, Member of Every-
thing, with entirely new scenery, dresses, transformations,
&c., called
MOTHER SHIPTON ;

or, Harlequin Knight of Love, and the Enchanted Whistle.
Harlequin and Columbine (k la Watteau), Madame Celeste
and Miss Wyndham ; Clown, Mr. Garden ; Pantaloon, Mr.
Moreland; Scaramoueh, Mr. Le Barr. Characters in the bur-
lesque by Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. J. Bland, Mr. R. Romer,
Madame Celeste, Miss Wyndham, Miss Mary Keeley, Miss
Kate Kelly, Miss Arden, &c.

rEA.TRE ROYAL, SA.DLER'S-WELLS
Under the Management of Mr. Phelps.

THIS EVENING, TWELFTH NIGHT. Malvolio, Mr.
Phelps ; Orsino, Mr. F. Robinson; Agnecheek, Mr. H. Mar-
ston ; Belch, Mr. J. W. Ray ; Clown, Mr. L. Ball; Olivia,
Miss Atkinson ; Viola, Miss M. Eburno.

To conclude with the pantomime, THE GENIE AND
THE FISHERMAN.

STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
AL Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.

THIS EVENING (First Week !), the risible Comedy called
KATHERINE AND PETRUCHIO (as taken by Garrick. from
Shakspeare's " Taming of the Shrew"), with Mr. W. Cooke's
Equestrian Illustrations. Petrachio, Mr. James Holloway.
After which, the EQUESTRIAN EXERCISES in the
ARENA.

To conclude with the encceasful equestrian comic panto-
mime, called PIUL PRY ON HORSEBACK; or, Har-
lequin and the Magic Horseshoe.
Doors open at half-past six; commence at a quarter be-
fore seven o'clock. Fox-office open from Eleven till Four.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Hr. W.
Cooke, jun.

A Morning Performance every Saturday, at Two o'clock

CANTERBURY HALL. Westminster-road.—
OPEN EVERY EVENING,--The follow-
ing company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of
Selections from all the popula7 Operas, Madrilals, Choruses,
Glees, Ducts, &c., viz. —Miss B. Pearce, Mrs. J. Canlfield,
miss Brunell, Miss Summers, and Madame Marietta ; Mr. J.
Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans, R. Grover, T. Farrant, S.
Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling. P. Corri, Senor Antonio M.
do Solli, and E. L. Hime ; Masters Austin, Bennett, and
Corri ; Messrs. Sam Collins, E. Mackney, and C. J. Wilkins.
Pianoforte, J. Harmway, R. A.; harmonium, J. Caulfield,jun. ;
director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at Seven o'clock pre-
3'sely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. Mr. C. Morton's
Annual Full Dress Ball will take place on Wedneq'l^r. Fob.
i 8 Gentleman's ticket, 7s ; lady's ditto, 5s image 14.3ket
(lady and gentleman or two ladies), 19e.

WATER AT LONDON BREDGE.
ran DAY—Morn. 35 min. aft. 3—Evening f',3 min. aft.
rgi-rtixianow—lforn. 12 min. aft. 4—Evening 32 min. aft. 4

THE WEA.THES.—Sus OFFICE, JANUARY 23.
TiiltlllloACETElt, IN 1,11.1 A SaADF.
39 --.1t..-mst sinat noc..n Testerday.
32 -lowest this morning z.nd durtsg the night.
35 —this dal st nom!.
29'88.
WIND. N.N.W. Light, with fine, sharp, frosty weather
and sunshine.

ec ..;;....45,A,4rP5-A C 7

that beset any plan for distinguishing between
permanent and prat arious income—and flings

down its arms at the first faint summons to sur-
render. It is the Bs me course which it adopted
with respect to tl 0 memorable Budget of 1853,
when Mr. GLIDST O E carried out his scheme de•
:pile the almost tt: lan imous opposition of both
Houses of Parlia Dan's, and the Press, and the
People of the Uni tit). Kingdom. Is it nof, then,
obvious that it has i ;been admitted into the secrets
of Sir G. LEWIS. 1% Ir. GLADSTONE abstained from
making it a confi 4 ; nte, and, therefore, it thun-
dered against what i t supposed to be the doomed
impost. Sir G. C. LEWIS has avoided the mis-
take of his predecea sor, and hence its scandalous
transactions and atti nnpts to persuade the nation
to endure that whi.ff iit declares to be "an inevi-
table evil."

But why is it inevitable ? To what extent
must the people e r,dure the grievance ? We shall
answer the sem wi point in the first instance.
Lord PANAIIIRE— 4in unquestionable authority on
inch a point—has , declared that our military ex-
penditure during •the coming financial year will
be twenty millio a 4 less than in that which is
rapidly approachiz g to a conclusion. The full
tax, therefore, can not possibly be required. A
very considerable ti batement is undoubtedly prac-

cable ; and we h* ye sufficient indications to show

what be the amount required. The Times
says-- " The Oh ancellor of the Exchequer
reckoned on the a ssistance of the Income Tax at
its war level, wh' jr & he hoped to bring our finances
All straight by the meeting of Parliament.
Ele expected, we- -will suppose, 8,000,000/. from
this source. The: immediate question, then, is how
to raise 8,000,001)1. ?" The Times speaks with
" the calm conviction that approximates to per-
Lct certainty, jasi G as if Sir g. C. LEWIS had for

its special behoof privately forestalled the annual
financial statement, which it will be his duty to
make to Parlien tent, and announced the very
sum that he wid require in order to make the
income meet the expenditure. Nor does it stop
there ! It declares-that " Parliament would take
whole Session -to elaborate a Property Tax that
would raise 8,030,000/. !" We presume nobody
would think this a wise expedient for a single
year, and a temporary deficit of 8,000,0001.,
whatever its merits (demerits I), as a permanent
source of revenue. This is, indeed, harping on a
single string, PACIANINI himself could not exhibit
greater skill in the performance. We have the Chan-
cellorof the Exchequer's calculation, and the Times'
supposition. The elaboration of a Property Tax
to raise 8,000,0001. and the consequences of a
leficit of 8,000,000/. ! While Sir G. C. LEWIS
observed to the deputation, " If I understand
you rightly, whatyou ask is that the Government
should reduce the taxation by 8,000,000/.1"
Now he could not have understood anysuch thing !
The demand was to get rid of the war 9d. (which
ought to be the war lid.), taking every penny in
the pound at a million, far the tax at 161. raises
in round items 16,000,000/., there would be a
deficit or reduction, not eight but ten millions.
Why, then, should both the Minister and the jour-
ialist open on the mystic number ? What should
cause eight millions so strangely to enter both
;ninds? Et is obvious that there must have
been some secret understanding of which
the public are kept ignorant, and that
3,000,000/. will, in some shape, head a pro-
minent column in the differences between income
•nad expenditure, and that both parties are well
Aware of the facts. -

Having thus ascertained the extent of the de-
mand, we shall endeavour to explain why the
evil is inevitable. It is so, simply because Ger-
manism prevailed, and through the sinister in-
fluences behind the Throne in3q.actions were
given to our representatives at the Congress not
to press too hardly on Russia. It would never
do to press too hardly on the gentle AUTOCRAT.
True it is that he would have acted very dif-
ferently had our situations been reversed—that
the Russian principle has been invariably
to make the conquered party (and I'
Russia was conquered to all intents and
purposes) pay all the expenses of the war. The
" brother of the Sun" was compelled to pay,
when he sought for peace. And tons of sycee
,iilver flowed steadily for a series of years from
the Oelestial Empire to the British Exchequer.
But the head of the MANTCIIAW dynasty had no 0 /-
burg cousins—no relative corning forward as the
favoured suitor of a Royal Princess ! He was
left to his fate, and compelled to pay the costs and
expences, even to the utterinoat farthinz, while
the word indemnity could not even be whispered
in a Muscovite ear. There should be no attempt
at humiliating the Power whose ambition, arro-
gance, and cupidity rendered the war both just
and necessary ! Far better that the most extra-
vagant dower that had ever been even hinted at
should be paid to procure a R )yal husband for our
juvenile Princess Royal than to obtain a German
path, at such a price. We may, however, fairly
ascribe it to the COBURG influence. It is to that
we are indebted for the agitation now spreading
throughout the length and breadth of the land.
But for that the war 91 would no longer be re-
quired. It is a part of the cost of our German
playthings. Verily, as BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
might say, England " pays very dear for her
whistle."

We have already referred to the significant
allusion by Sir G. C. LEwts to the rate of sd. i❑
the pound. The Right Han. Gentleman for the
moment forgot that the Association was only de-
manding the removal of the war 9,1 in place of
the war 11d., to which, unless the "pettifogging
quibble' was resorted to, it would be entitled. If
the acts doubling the Income Tax, and afterwards
adding 21, expired on the sth of April next, a. 3
in justice and equity they ought to do, sd. in the
pound only could be levied for the year 1857-8,

4d. for the year 1858-9, and 81. for the year
185960, when it would entirely terminate. Let
the people, then, direct their attack against the
war 11d., and when Sir 41 C. LEWIS sees that
they are really determined, he will easily avoid
the difficulty that now assumes 'such formidable
dinien%ions in his sight. He will much rather
amend than altogether repeal the Income Tax.

The Mercantile Law Conference may be now
regarded as having commenced in real earnest.
Yesterday witnessed the preliminary meeting of
delegates from the principal manufacturing and
commercial districts of the United Kingdom—
, to-day the public inauguration of the proceedings
of the Conference under the auspiees of the Law
Amendment Association. There was a certain
degree of interest and importance attached even
to the preliminary meeting assembled last evening
at the society's chambers, No. 3, Waterloo-place,
presided over, as it was, by Lord BROUGHAM him-
self, incomparably the greatest Law Reformer of
his time, and the President it will be observed at
once of the Conferences and of the Association.
Although taking no partin the merely preparatory
al3pur
business-like discussions of last evening,
d
Lord STANLEY and Sir FITZROY KELLY, and va-
rious other conspicuous Law Reformers gave to
the proceedings the encouragement of their per-
sonal attendance. Scarcely anything to our mind

could have been altogether more thoroughly well-
considered, more judiciously arranged, or more
lucidly expressed than the Report of the CJIII
mittee entrusted with the task of organising this
Mercantile Law Conference.

The reading of this Report by Mr. HASTINGS,
the learned Secretary of the Association—imme-
diattly after the introductory remarks with which
the Noble Chairman opened the proceedings of
the meeting—appeared to afford those who were
present the highest satisfaction. It intimated,
among other thine's, the attendance at the Con-
ferences of authorised delegates from no less than
twenty of the principal towns and cities of the
United Kingdom—localities having an aggregate
population of not less than 5,000,000 altogether
—and including among their number places of
commercial activity no less important than Bel-
fast, Bristol, Birmingham, Dublin, Glasgow,
Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle,
Worcester and Wolverhampton. It announced
as among the objects of the Conferences—Firstly,
the discussing and the bringing under the notice
of the Government, of the Legislature, and of the
Public generally, those imperfections in the Mer-
cantile Laws of the United Kingdom most requir-
ing amendment ! Secondly, the collecting infor-
mation from the various bodies represented at tne
Conferences (such, for example, as the Manchester
Commercial Association and as the Leeds Chamber
of Commerce), to the end that the information
thus accumulated might ultimately tend to elucidate
what after all would be the best legislative reme-
dies for these imperfections. Finally, the consi-
dering what practical steps ought to be adopted,
with a view to elicit from Parliament as rapidly
as possible the desired legislative improvements.
The inaugurative discussions of the Conferences,
relating to subjects classified under the head of
the Law of Debtor and Creditor, have been de-
signed to scrutinise in succession, Bankruptcy, the
Judgments Execution Bill, and the United King-
dom Writs Bill—one paper being submitted to the
Conferences on the Judgments Execution Bill,
and two upon the Administration of the Law of
Bankruptcy. Subsequently another paper is to
be read upon the subject of the Tribunals of Com-
merce. And on Thursday morning, the 29th of
January (to morrow), three others are marked
upon the programme as sketched out by the C
mittee--a paper by Professor LEVI upon a Com-
mercial Code; one by Mr. SLATER, upon the Seven-
teenth Section of the Statute of Frauds ; and one
of the Manchester Commercial Association, upon
the Registration of Partnerships.
Although a week or two since we took occa-
sion to analyse the scheme marked out by the
Committee for the Commercial Law Con-
ferences, which have been thus organised under
the auspices of the Law Amendment Association
—we have deemed it advisable thus particularly
to recapitulate the probable order of business
now that those conferences may be said to have
actually commenced. Several very useful modi-
fications in the projected arrangements were sug-
gested last evening during the proceedings—but
only one of these suggestions was deemed worthy in
any way of being formally taken into considera-
tion. That judiciously brought under the notice
of the meeting presided over by Lord BROUGHAM,
in reference to the proposed incorporation in the
mercantile law of England of that principle of the
Scotch law relating to summary diligence in pe-
cuniary obligations. Thanks to the earnest
appeal of Mr. GILMOUR, the originator of the
propositiou, urging it upon Lord BROUGHAM and
his Law Reforming coadjutors, a Committee was
last night formed for the purpose of
taking it into immediate consideration. Otherwise,
the meeting was simply one of strictly preliminary
formalities. Principally noticeable, therefore, as
such, for the lucid introductory remarks of the
noble and learned President, for the conspicuous
excellence of the Report read by the Secretary,
and for the unanimous adoption of that Report
by the mercantile Delegates and others who were
assembled to take part in this Prologue, as it may
be called, to the Drama of the Conferences.

That was a remarkable, if not, strictly speaking,
a singular meeting, held in Farringdou-hall last
evening. Any one passing along Snow-hill before
the proceedings commenced would have observed
groups of young men, mostly like ordinary work-
ing men, talking earnestly together, and breaking
Off conversation now and then to look eagerly
right and left and in the direction of the hall, as
if in search of soma one who did not come, and
would have been led to infer they were some of
the many unemployed waiting for the presence of
tlieir leaders to take counsel together. If at all
curious, he might further have observed these
break up, and one after another
gleriotsuirpealygrdtiy
make their way to the entrance of the
hall, still looking as if for men they waned.
Among them he might notice a few young
"swells," attracted, apparently, like himself. If
a stranger, he might have wondered at the
absence of the police. How greatly would he
have been surprised could he have followed them
into the hail on discovering they belonged to that
terrible body, the misdeeds of some of whose
members have " frighted the isle fro:n its pro-
priety," and if at all timid, how speedily, we will
not say wisely, would he have divested himself of
whatever faith he had in the doctrines of Lavater.
" These ticket-of-leave men !"

It was a remarkable meeting, not so mush for
the humane action of its conveners as for the
public aggregation of its constituent parts. Not
an individual convict present but ran additional
risk of being marked and deterred in his course,
whatever that might be. We wish the favourable
augury to be derived from this fact had not been
somewhat clouded by the comparative paucity of
the attendance, and the absence of convicts of
mature age. Ono hundred of ticket-of leave men
is but a small proportion from which to pass
judgment on so large a clas3. Probably many
were deterred from being present by fear. If so,
the greater credit is due to those who came despite
all risk and occasion of offence. Turning
to the proceedings we may notice the decorum
with which, on the whole, they were conducted.
It was a meeting viith a serious purpose, and was
conducted in a business-like manner. This was
owing in part, doubtless, to the judicious address
of the noble
chairman, who wisely recommended
the speakers to confine their remarks to their
personal experience in seeking for an honest living,
and to an exposition of their views and feelings
with respect to the ticket-of leave system. The
story of the first speaker bears upon it the im-
press of truth. There can be little doubt the well-
intentioned ticket-of-leave man has to encounter
immense difficulties in obtaining, and still greater
in retaining, honest employment, and is conse-
quently often driven thereby back again into
crime. As little that not a few misdeeds attri-
buted to ticket•of-leave men were perpetrated by
others. That an institution like a Sailors' Hume
would be of great service to these men on their
release, and until they obtained employment is
certain, just as it is there is no such place for
their reception. On these things, however, it 1S
not our present business to comment. We have
something else to notice.

The reader will observe a great but not auspi-

cious similarity in the stories of individual
experience told by the respective sneakers.
More remarkable, though in legitimate sequence,
are the conclusions most of them seem to have
arrived at—that the ticket-of-leave " is no good,"
that the obstacles in the way of ticket-of-leave
men in this country are all but insuperable,
and that only in some one or other of
our colonies, save in a few cases, can
the ticket-of-leave be of real service. If this be
the fact, how are we to account for the statistics
advanced by noblemen and gentlemen of position,
showing that not more than 10 per cent, of the
convicts liberated on tickets of leave are known to
have relapsed into crime? There must be highly
commendable virtue in one quarter, or blameable
'axity of calculation in the other. To return.
All present, with a few exceptions it may be,
testified against the ticket-of-lea,ve systein, as at
present in force, because of the prejudice every-
where existing against the liberated convict, and
expressed their conviction that the system would
walk we.,l in the colonies. What is their testi-
mony worth ? Is it conclusive either way ?
Same may ask, how should they know how the
system would work in the colonies ? It may be
answered, the dangerous classes have their tradi-
tions, and are not insensible to what is reported
among us. o:hers will be disposed to ques-
tion their judgment as being interested parties.
What is the reader's opinion after a careful and
unbiassed perusal of the proceedings of the meet-
ing? Did these men speak honestly, and, all
things considered, have they reason with them in
arriving at their conclusions ? The great ques-
tion at issue in relation to secondary punishments
needs all the light possible to be thrown on it,
and will not be settled satisfactorily by the dog-
matism of party, but by the sober and con-
scientious convictions of the intelligent community
at large.

BARON ALDERBON.—We regret to record the death of
this distinguished judge, which took place yesterday
afternoon, at his residence, Park•crescent, at a quarter
to five o'clock. Sir Edward Alderson, born at Great
Yarmouth in the year 1787, was the eldest son of Robt.
Alderson, Esq. Recorder of Norwich, by the daughter
of Samuel Hurry, E q.
NANKON-Houst.—Yesterday the Lord Mayor and
the Lady Mayoress entertained at dinner the members
of the Court of Aldermen and their ladies, and a num-
ber of private friends.

DOVER, JAN. 27.--The Black Eagle arrived here on
Sunday to convey Sr George Cooper to Paris, to meet
her Serene Highness the Princess Hohenldhe and her
daughter. It was found, however, alvi::ablo to send
the mail stearnpacket the Queen, being of easier draft
of water. She accordingly went this morning, and re-
turned at half-past five o'clock, after a quick bat rough
passage. Her Serene Highness will sleep at Birming-
ham's Lord Warden Hotel, and proceed to London by
tr,in at eight o'clock, for the residence of her Royal
Highness the Thicliess of Kent.

OREDITON, Jan. 27.—A burglar atternp!ed to break
into the Stamp-office, at Exeter, oe Saturday night. He
made many holes with a ceetrebit, which at last broke,
and a par. of it was left in one of the holes. This led to
his detection, as the broken piece in the hole corre-
sponded with the instrument in his possession.
The prospectus has been issued of a guaranteed Tue.
can railway of 75 miles, from Florence to the Roman
States, to be called the Ferdinand Railway. The capital
is to be 800,000 i., of which 200,000/. is offered in Lou
don in 201. shares, and the concession is for 99 years,
with a guarantee equal to 5 per cent. from the govern-
ment, with whom any surplus profits beyond 8 per cent.
are to be divided. The line will connect the Lombardo-
Venetian network with those proposed to be constructed
to Ancona, Civita Vecchia, Rome, and Naples.
LECTURES ON BANKING. —Last evening Mr. Leor,e
Levi delivered, at Crosby-hall, the third of a course of
lectures on the History and Principles of Banking and
Commerce. Mr. J. W. Gilbart, F. R,S , took the chair.
The lecturer discoursed in a very lucid and interesting
manner of the suspension of cosh payments by the Bank
of Englard in 1797, the character of the commercial
crisis, 1809-10 e report of the bullion committee, resump.
tion cf cash payments in 1819, commercial crisis in
1825-6, formation of joint-.stock bank,, extent of specula-
tion and failure of banks, crisis of 1836-7, the Bank
Charter Act, 1844, railway speculation, the famine crisis
of 1846-7, and the suspension of the Bank Charter Act.
The lecture elicited very warm applause from a nume
rout and most attentive audience. At the canchriion
of the lecture Mr. Gilbart made some valuable and
practical remarks. These lectures are in connection
with the evening classes for young men, wlvch are in
union with the Society of Arts,

THE BANK CHARTER,---The following reply hag been
returned to the tnemorid recently forwarded to the
Treasury by the E lichur:fli Chamber of Commerce on
the subject of the B^nk Charter Act :—" Treasury
Chamber, iJanuary 22, 1857.—S;r,—The Lords Corn-
mi of her Majesty's Treasury baying bad before
them the memorial of the Chamber of C,mme:me arid
Manufactures is Edinburgh, dated the 13th inat., re-
commending the introduction of a bill into Parliament,
authorising the transfer to the Issue Department of the
Bank or England of additional securities to the value
of 4,000,0001., and the creation of cot,s to that amount,
have commanded me to acquaint you in reply that as it is
probable that the attention of Parliament may be called
to the law as it relates to the privileges of the Bank of
England, and the act of 1844, my lords feel that they
will best consult the pill-lie convenience and interests by
postponing any expression of opinion upm this en .j:ct.
I am to add, however, that the views expressed in the
memorial of the Chamber of Commerce shall receive due
consideration.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, JAMES
WILSON. The Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce,
Eiinburgh."

IBLINGToN TOLL GATES.—There are four distinct tariffs
of tolls in this parish, so that the parishioners are mulc-
ted at every turn. The nuisance has aroused the atten-
of the vestry, and notice has been given of a motion
to get rid of the Islington gate, which will fix on the pa-
rish an extra rating, without, ho Never, benefiting the
whole of its population. The four tariffs will still remain,
the gates will still remain, and the toll tax will still re-
main. Surely the people of Highgate, Hornsey, Hollo-
way, and Bah's-pond, have as great grievances close to
their doors as those at Islington. The estimates given in
on Griwivenor's committee show that a county
rate of less than ld. will clear all the toll gates i❑ the
metropolitan area ; yet, if the inhabitants of Islington
are so short-sighted, they will let themselves in for a
parish rate of 31. or 41. in the pound for a ranoval of a
solitary gate.

TEE TRADE OF LIVERPOOL—LIVERPOOL, Monday.
—The " Customs Bill of Entry," published this morning,
gives a return of the number and tonnage of the ships
that have entered inwards from, and cleared outwards
for, foreign ports in the week ending the 24ch January,
1857, as well as the corresponding week of 1856. It
appears that during the last week 67 ships in the aggre-
gate tonnage of 37,103 tons; entered inwards, against
86 ships, 45,103 tons in 1856, being a decrease of 19 in
the number of ships, and a decrease of 7,645 tons in the
tonnage ; the number of clearances outwards during the
week, 59 ships, of a tonnage of 31,986 tons, against 76
ships and 42,190 tons in 1856, being a decrease of 17 ships
and 10,204 tone. The total number of ships rep)rted
inwards from foreign ports during the present year, up
to 24th Jan., was 265, with a tonnage of 149,225 tons,
against 169, and 90,951 tons in the year 1856, showing
an increase of 96 snips, and 58,274 tons.
THE AMERICAN EAGLE.—We find the following in
the Now York papers :—During the late presidential
canvass, and at the moment a gallant senator from the
S3uth was proclaiming the certain election of Mr.
Buchanan, a feather dropp'ed at his feet from the wing'
of an eagle that was flying over. The gentleman pre-
served the quill, and to day had it forwarded to Mr.
Buchanan, to write his inaugural address with. It was
not plucked by man from the wing, but was the free gift
of our national bird.—The Washington Correspondent
Alexandria Sentinel.—The above statement is correct.
Senator Nown, of Mississippi, is the gentleman referred
to. The quill is now in the possession of Mr. Buchanan,
at Wheatland, where we saw it on Friday, and in an
cordance with the request of the "gallant senator," it
will be used by the President elect in writing his inau-
gural address.—Lane. Intel.

- In consevenee of the desire expressed by sotne.of the
holders of Venezuelan bonds, that a definite arrangement
should forthwith be made with the commissioners seat
here for that purpose by the Venezuelan Government,
the Committee of Spanish-American Bondholders have
held several meetings with the persons most largely in-
terested in that stock ; and a thorough understanding
has been arrived at as to the terms of an equitable set-
tlement. All parties being agreed the Committee of
Spanish American Bondholders invited Senator Urba-
neta, one of the commissioners, to meet them this after-
noon, requesting, at the same time, the attendance of
several of the bondholders ; and, after a long discussion,
a final agreement was adopted, which seems likely to
be satisfactory to all parties, supposing the conditions to
be scrupulously observed. This ;agreement will have to be
ratified by the Venezuelan Congress, and also to be ac-
cepted by the body of bondholders specially convened for
the purpose. The following are its principal points as embo-
died in the document signed to-day:—The arrears of divi-
dend to be capitalised, and bear 3 per cent. interest till
1862-4 per cent, afterwards. The active stock to receive
3 per cent. till 1867 ; and 4 per cent. afterwards. The
deferred to have 1 per cent. till 1862, 1i for the next
five years, and 2 per cent, after 1867 ; 25 per cent. of the
Customs' revenues of the Republic to be paid to special
agents, and remitted to Messrs. Frederick Huth and
Co. for payment of dividends. If not sufficient, the
amount to be traie up by the Government ; if in excess
of the requ'red amount to be returned to the Govern-
ment until 1867 ; after that date to be applied in totality
to a sinking fund. All these arrangements to take place
as soon as possible, and new bonds to be issued in con-
formity with them in exchange for the present bends.
It is stated that the meeting of bondholders to which
this agreement will be submitted for approval is to be
held on an early day in the taming weel;.
•

r rri r`l rim-1
.4LII. it 2 IN j y

TURKEY
CONSTANTINOPLE, Jan. 16.—The mixed Confe-
rence between the resident Ministers and the Com-
missioners, which was to conclude the Conferences
on the firman regulating the convocation of tht
Divans ad hoc in the Prinbipalities, was held on
Tueday last. The place of meeting was the Grand
Vizier's yali, on the Bosphorus ; and the practical
result of it, as was to be expected, nothing, except
ono or two unimportant alterations in the wording
of the document.

The conference was purely one of form, which
confined itself to the reading of the firman, first
in extenso, and then by single articles.
The following is a translation of it :
FIRMAN FOR THE CONVOCATION OF THE
DIVAN A D HOC IN WALLACHIA..
"To ALEXANDER GRIKA, KAIMAKAM OF WALLACHIA.
• " Whereas our Governinect has at all times endea-
voured to maintain the special privileged which bay,
been grar.ted by cur glorious ancestors to each of the
provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia forming integral
parts of our Empire, and to try t-) augment and spree.'
the welfare of their population, we wished, a'so, as a
proof of our high
.sentiments of justice towards all the
inhabitants of our States in general, while maktainieg
the ancient privileges of the inhabitants of the two pre-
vinces, to r.sv;se and ameliorate the internal organic laws
of the aforesaid provinces, in order to c ,mplete and
assure the welfare of all &asses of their inhabitants.
"The wishes of the Powers being in accordance with
our sentiments, we have agreed with them that the laws
and statutes now in vigour in the aforesaid provinces
shall be revised, and that, in order to establish a perfect
understanding on this revision, a Special Commission,
composed of the delegates of the Powers who guarantee
the Treaty of the 30th of March, shall meet in Bucharest
with a Commissary of the Sublime Porte to inquire into
the present state of the Principalities, and to prop ,se
the bases of their future organisation C insequently
Mehmed Esaad Saafet, Mustechar of the Grand Viz'er,
one of the dignitaries of our Government, has been
named as delegate of the Sublime Porte.
"Having likewise promised to assemble in each of the
two provinces a Divan ad hoc so compo-ed as to represent
the interests of all classes of society, and which will have
to express the wishes of the populations with regar i to
the definitive organisation of the Principalities, our Im-
perial will is to constitute these Divans on the following
bases :

" Art. I. Besides the Metropolitans and the Bishops
of the provincP, ,who will be members of the Divan in
their own right, the superiors or administrators of the
Convents, whose property is dedicated to some foreign
convent, and the superiors of the convents whose pro-
perty is not dedicated, will each choose separately two
deputies, who must be laymen and natives, that is, four
in all. And the priests who fulfil the functions of their
ministry in the seat of each bishopric whatever their rank
be, will assemble at the call of the bishop of the diocese,
and will choose among themselves one deputy for each
diocese for the Divan.

"Art. IL All Boyards and sons of Boyards, of what-
ever class they be, provided they are 30 years of age,
natives or legally naturalised, and in possession of all
their civil rights, will assemble in the chief place of the
district where they are domiciled, acid possess a property
of 100 falshes at least, or its equivalent in pogones of
cultivated land. They will chose there by a majority of
votes two deputies to the Divan from those among them
who are in possession of at least 300 falshes, or its equi-
valent in pogones of cultivated land, free from mortgage.
The great Boyards alone who can comply with this last
condition will be eligible for the districts where they are
not domiciled.

"Art. 111. All proprietors, under whatever denomi-
nation they may come, being of 30 y are of age, natives
of the country, or actually and lcgAlly naturalised, enj ,y-
-ing all their civil rights, and po?eeesing a maximum of 99
falshes or their equivalent in pogones of cultivated land,
or a minimum of 10 f ashes or their equivalent in pogore,
of land of the same nature, will assemble in the chief
place of the arrondissement where they are domiciled,
and will choose from among themselves by a nrijority of
votes five electors of the second degree. These delegates
will go to the chief place of the district and name in th,
same manner, from among themselves, one deputy for
the Divan.

"Article IV. The rural communities, composed of
peasants a clacage, to whichever cho's them proprietors
may belong, will send each to the chief place of the die.
trict two delegates of the first degree, named according
to the forms in usage for the elections of the village
authorities. These delegates will choose two among
themselves to exercise the functions of electors of the
second degree, and these electors of the second degree,
assembled in the chief place of the district, will name
among themselves a deputy for the Divan, who will re-
ceive a suitable compensation for their journey and their
stay in the capital.

"Art. V. The town which is the seat of the Govern-
ment will name four deputies for the Divan, the two
towns of the second order each two deputies, and the
other towns, which are chief places of districts, each one
deputy. The elections will take place on the following
base:
"On the condition of being 30 years of age, being
natives or actually and legally naturalised, not, being
subjiict to any foreign proection, and enjoying all their
civil rights, candidates for they deputies are:—
" 1. All inhabitants possessing houses, of a value of

at least 20,000 pia tresf or the capita!, and of at least
8,000 piastres for the other towns, with the exception
of those who-would be already entitle l to vote under
the di.pcs►tiuns of Art. 11. and 111, of the present
finnan.

"2, Persons exercising a literal profess: in, such as
the pr9fessors in the schools of the sate, the members
of academies, or literary and scientific societies recog-
nised by the. Government—such as medical men, law-
yers baring a regular diploma, and civil engineers, ail
exercising their professions for the preceding three years
in the town in which they reside.
"3. Merchants, having a p itent'of the third class,
and inscribed on the last lists prepared fur the election
of the municipalities.
"4. The provosts of the' different corporations, to
whom will be joined three delegates chosen by the nor-
poration, according to the forms in usage fur the nomi-
nation of the provosts. _

" All the electors above named will assemble at the
seat of the municipality, and will choose there among
themselves by majority of Totes,, without being allowed
to give a double vote, the number of leputies which each
town, according to its order, has to send to the Divan.
-. "Although the arrival of the Commissioners of the
powers must be waited for before the election of the do-
, puties can take place, the electoral lists will be made out
immediately after the publication cf the present firman.
The administrators of the districts will, therefore,
be ordered to take the necessary measures to have these
lists published and stuck up, wherever need be, at 'twit
30 days before the epoch fixed for the elections, so that
time may be given for appeals being made. These ap
peals will be examined by a committee compoced of the
Isprovnik, the members of the Tribunal, aid of the
municipality of the chief place of the district. All in-
tervention of the authorities in the elections, except to
maintain order, will be considered as an abuse, and is,
finally, contrary to the intentions of the Sublime Porte;
consequently the Ministers, • the Directors of Depart-
meute, and the Ispmviiiks cannot come forward as
electors and be elected unless they res;gn their functions.
' "In order to avoid all confusion, the elections which
have to be made in the chief places of the district will
take place successively in the order laid down for the
classes who have to send representatives to the Divan.
The satrie will he the case for the elections in the chief
place of the district.
"The deputies of the different classes united in a
general assembly will censtitute the Divan ad hoc,
called to express the wishes of the principality with
regard to the statutes and regulations now in vigour.
" Ia order the better to obtain this otject the depu-
ties of each category will form so many different com-
mittees, who will more particularly study the different
questions in their relation to the iaterssts and wants of
their own class.

" The Divan having only the mission to express
wishes, which will be first examined by the commission,
composed of the delegates of the Porte and those of the
guaranteeing Powers, and then discussed' betwee,, the
Sublime Porte and its allies, the propositions of the diffe•
rent committees will be embodied in separate reports,
will be presented to the General Assembly, and, as well
as the result of the deliberations of this assembly, placed
before the commission.

"The President of the Divan will be the Metropoli•
tan, assisted by a Vice-President, elected from amoug
the Boyanis of the first class by a majority of votes in
tine general avemtly.

"-the secretaries, in number equal to that of the
classes which are represented, will be likewise named by
a majority of votes.

" RAcii committee will choose its own prtsident by
a majority of votes.

" In it desire to accelerate, the moment when the
province shall be in possession of a definitive organi-
Sation, the Sublime Porte expects from the Divan
that it will have terminated its labors in the space
of six months, and hat, penetrated by the sentiment
of its duty of fidelity, It will not fail to restrict its
discussions within suitable limits, and thus spare ug the
displeasure of having to devise means to protect against
all attaint our august rights of sovereignty. _
A similar firman has been sent to the Kiamakan
of Moldavia.
The firman, as it stands now,
im-
provement in many respects on t is
he
foarmdeecridpordojeet:
First of all, the ramblingintroducti and definiteonintheTurkish
project has been put into a more legible
form. The merit of the initiative iins
left,thereasvisiinonthoef
the organic laws of the provinces
document, to the Sultan, an and
yet the binding
March brought
force of the treaty of the 34th of
into sufficient relief. most essential part in the
tdheafitnietsgotteiße
activity introduction,
o f t
h however, T.
hseiiosnthat y
etwatinegh
intomisthe actual state of the there " to inquire eopm
Prin-
cipalities, and,propose the bases of their future
very Par well
e is
ttrEoPsu
respect,
pe thect,
ye t Treatyitw
was
sf
rorganisation."
explicitnis a tenoughion. toiA.n
to define the position of the Commission as far as
this can be done by words.
It is confirmed that the Turkish Government has
granted the concession of the railway from Seleucia
to the Euphrates to the English company repre-
sented by General Chesney. The, Government
guarantees to the company an interest of 6 per
cent. on the capital employed in the construction of
thelinc the expense of which is estimated at

1,400,0001. The port to be established at the head
of the railway will be at the charge of the Porte.
The line will start from a point close to Selencia,
and proceed by Antioch and Aleppo to the fort of
Ja'ber, ou the Enphratos. The concession is for 99
years. If the net profits exceed 7 per cent., the
turplus will be equally divided between the Porte
Ind the company.

FRANCE.
• PARIS, TUESDAY.
Tho Revue de Paris has been suspended for one
month, on account of an article which appeared in
it against the King of Prussia.
The Pays states that the Russian authorities in
Bessarabia have been ordered to quit Bolgrad on
the Ist of February.

M. Billault, the Minister of the Interior, has
Addressed the following circular to th 3 presidents
f the various clubs authorised in Paris by the
government :

" Sir,—Numerous complaints have reached me against
-be excessive play in some of the clubs authorised at
Paris. These complaints render it my duty to remind
the committees of all the cubs that games of chance
are attic, ly forbidden—that there are penalties inscribed
in the law in support of this interdiction, and that even in
lawful games the Government would see excessive staked
with strong displeasure, and, if necessary, would use its
auihrrity to prevent them. I pray you, sir, to please to
communicate this letter to the members of the club over
which you preside. I doub, not they will receive with
favour a regulation inspired as much by the interest of
families as.bv that of piil.lio morality."
Cardinal Francois Nicolas Madeleine Morlut, juSt
appointed Archbishop of Paris, was born at Langres,
in the department of the Haute Marne, the 28th
Dacember, 1795. After having been parish priest
of the Cathedral of Dijon; and subsequently vicar-
general of that diocese, he was consecrated Bishop
of Orleans on the 18th August, 1839. Appointed.
Archbishop of Tours by Royal ordinance the 28th
June, 1842, he was created a Cardinal in the Con-
sistory held the 7th March, 1853, and he received
The Cirdinal', tat from the Pope the 27th June
following. There are still three sees vacant in
France—Aix, Tours, and Limoges.
The Tribunal of Commerce of Paris have civet'
judgment in the case of the Directors of the Cow'
pany of the Docks Napoleon against Fox, Hender-
son, and Co., declaring the convention made be-
tween the parties on the 14th' February and 24th
July, 1854, void, and condemning Fox and Hen-
derson to pay all the expenses.
BOURSE, Jan. 27.—The following were the last
quotations :

Cash. fr. c. End of Month.
4i per Cants
3 per Cents 67 GO ' 67 65

New Loan

Bank Shares 4,175 Roman (x d) f 9
CrOdit Mobilier 1,385 Austrian 88i
Belgian Five 5........ 99 Spanish Threes
Piedjuontese (5) 9l Home Debt