The Sun.
London, England, 1857-10-16 00:00:00

LONDON, FEIDLY, OCT. 16, 1857.

The overland mails from Bombay and Calcutta
have arrived ; and copious extracts from the
Bombay Times, the Bengal Burkaru, and th•
Calcutta Englishman, will be found in another
part of this day's impression. There is, however,
but little that had net already been communi.
cated by means of telegrams. It is, however,
satisfactory to find that the purport of the intel-
genet) waslfairly given, and that nothing disastrous
remained behind. The only unsatisfactory part
of the tidings had already been discounted. It
was the confirmation of the rumour respecting
the supposed differences between Sir COLIN
CAMPBELL and the Governor-General and his
Council. It appears that the C )mmander-in-
Chief had not been permitted to take
his seat at the Council—for what reason
it is not stated ; it may have been a re-
fusal to set aside his military habiliments,
and appear in civilian garments, of sober black
with neckcloth of the orthodox shape and colour.
He bad therefore been unable to exercise any
effectual control over the movements of the
troops. We were prepared for something of the
kind, by the ominous silence that prevailed res-
pecting the sayings and doings of the gallant
Highlander. We shall, however, look forward
anxiously to the notice taken by the English Go-
vernment of these extraordinary proceedings. Al-
Ciongb._Sir COLIN started at a few hours' notice,
there was yet sufficient time to give him not only
full instructions, but ample powers to deal with
all military matters, without being fettered and
paralysed by " the pestilent serpent that's made
of red-tape." If he has not received these powers,
.t grievous oversight has been committed, and no
time sh.:adl b© lost in arming hint with full au.
thority to carry out the ot.jects for which ho was
aka
.e..ed by the Government.

We have further particulars respecting General
IlAviroocx. and his brave troops. Although
gre:itly damaged by sickness, they had, after a
f3w days rest at Cawnpore, again taken the
initiative, and marched towards Bithoor, where a
large body of the rebels had posted themselves in
au entrenched and very strong position. The right
wing was towards the Ganges, and the left on a deep
nuda.h, crossed a bridge. They were, however, after
a sloarp contest, in which they lost 250 men, ,
c:nli)letely routed, and their guns captured.
Thu British force, however, lost 14 killed and
about 30 wounded. The previous accounts only
noticed Captain MACKENZIE and 15 men wounded,
n°1•10 killed. The cholera, more formidable than
the rebeN, was also carrying off ten or twelve of
the Ur,st eligible candidates for the Victoria Cross
d ; but, fortunately, its ravages were begin-
1-11Yig• to abate. The medical arrangements, thanks
'co red-taPisni, were very defective. Thus, more
evils are sustained through our own authorities,
than from the swords of the rebels. The Crimean
disasters ought to have taught a salutary lesson/
but it has apparently been completely thrown

away, and holocausts are still sacrified at tt.e
shrine of routine.

Sir JAMES OUTRAM has very properly decid ed
on permitting General HATELOCK to receive -the
glory, and the more substantial rewards, that must
ba bestowed on the rescuer of Lucknow. It is
said that, although a senior officer, it is 'his in-
tention only to accompany the force in a civil
capac:ty, placing his military services at the dis-
posal of General HAVELOCK. This disinterested
and truly noble conduct will be fully
appreciated. It is a bright xatnple to
()then, and will encourage those who have gained
nine brilliant victories under HAVELOCK to addi-
tional efforts. Highly as General OUTRAM has
been estimated, it will be regarded as the most
graceful act in his splendid career.

Lucknow is safe ! The efforts of HAVELOCK
had drawn off the invading force, so that the gar-
rison were enabled to make a sortie, and provide
themselves with an abundant supply of provisions.
They had been ordered to hold out to the last ex-
tremity. But such orders were scarcely required.
With full knowledge of the infamous breach of faith
towards those wl=o had capitulated at Cawnpore.,
they could not be expected to fall into a similar
trap. They know that not merely their honour,
but their lives, are dependent on their own endur-
ance, and under such circumstances there is but
little reason to fear any failure on their part.
They had repelled the assault made on them with
terrible slaughter, and the last report stated that
they were "all right and in good spirits."
At Delhi, everything appears to be going on in
a satisfactory manner, and there are abundant
grounds for hoping that the next mail will bring
accounts of its downfall.

General NrctronsoN's decisive victory at
N❑juffghur had completely disheartened the
rebels, depriving them of their last hope. At
Hissar, too, they had been defeated with con-
siderable loss.

It is all right at Agra. Major MONTGOMERY,
with a small but heroic party, had completely
routed the enemy. He had not, however, suffi-
cient force to follow up his success, and was
therefore obliged to fall back on Hattrass.
But while our troops are every where successful
in the field, monetary matters are falling into con-
fusion. We are told by the Cal,:mtta Englishman
that in the revolted districts Company's paper, for
the last three months, has been sold from 50 to
85 per cent. discount, and that even at head-
quarters the 5 per Cent. Stock was sold at
12, and the 4 per Cent. Stock at 24
di: count. The Bank of Bengal had also
given notice that they declined making loans.
or opening cash credits on deposits of the Compa-
nies' paper, and that all applications for renewals
of existing loans or credits must be submitted to
the special consideration of the Directors. It ap-
pears that this unpleasing regulation was forced
upon the Directors. They had previously lent
more than the entire oapital on paper, that is now
practically inconvertible at any price. The security is
perfec'ly safe. But Currency regulations in India,
as in England, have occasioned all the mischief.
If " worthless rags," which would be received in
payment of taxes, were circulated, we should not
have had such heavy drains of specie from Eng-
land, nor would there have been so much tempta-
tion to plunder and rob the English inhabi-
tants. " Hard metal," as it is termed, has
occasioned much mischief in every part of the
world, but never more than during the present
outbreak in the Anglo-Indian Empire. Surely it
is time that the trammels should be shakes off,
and that a system safer for the Government, and
far more beneficial for the people, should be
inaugurated.

A new association !—not amongst the followers
of the late FERGUS O'CoNNoR, or the disciples of
his successor, ERNEST JONES—not a spouting
meeting of St. Martin's Hall orators, to be dis-
missed in a small corner paragraph, or no para-
graph at all—but an association, to the birth of
which some six or seven columns of our daily pa-
pers must be devoted, an association of Lords and
Right Honourables, of professors of law and cf
medicine, indeed of almost everything professed
in the great science of man viewed as a social
being. On Monday last, in the hardworking
town of Birmingham, The National Association
for the Promotion) of Social Science was inaugu-
rated by a speech of the veteran Reviewer, Educa-
tionist, and, in some sense still, Reformer, Lord
BROUGHAM. Lords JOHN RUSSELL, STANLEY,
HATHERTON, and TALBOT, Mr. FITZROY KELLY
and Sir JOHN PAKLNGTON, and a full pro-
portion of M.P.'s, Right Honourables, and
other notables, were in attendance, and
took, many of them, an active part in
the proceedings, while the fetters of the absent
great evinced their interest in the object of the
meeting. How is it that H. R. H. was not there ?
Could not the association and the sociology wait a
fa tv days longer till deer-stalking was done with ?
Or was the man—who, of all living men, will be
acknowledged by all parties as the first man in the
kingdom in regard to the object of the meeting—
was he really thought fit quoad hoc to take pre-
cedence of the PRINCE CONSORT ? We certainly
think so; and believe that if the association means
to live, it did wisely in selecting the name of
BROUGHAM to stand at. the head of its proceed-

ingy.

What a long course could his Lordship revert
to. The splendid days of the reviewer, the ad-
vocate, and the Parliamentary debater, were of
course not the thing for this non-political meeting;
but in education and popular instruction the
Noble Lord had quite enough to talk of. The reli-
gious woad had, by their tract and book societies,
long endeavoured to diffuse cheap knowledge of
that kind, but it was beyond doubt the Society
for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge which first
called the attention of the lower half of the
middle class and the better class of mechanics to
the value of general knowledge, and awakened
their interest in it. Their Penny Magazine,
whose circulation at one time exceeded 200,000
weekly, was quite a new era in periodical litera-
ture. The innumerable penny and two-penny
periodicals to which it give birth at length super-
seded theirparent, but iti object was accomplished,
and hundreds of thousands now are readers of
such publications, who, but for them would not have
been readers at all. It is useless to criticise their
quality severely, though some are highly respectable,
when the question was, these or nothing. The
circulation, however, of the Society's scientific
volumes, sometiun s toadied 25,000 per month !
1 \the LLoradwßuoucrum also traced the good results of
Amendment Society, of which he is an
active member, in the bills which it either sug-
gested, or aided to a successful issue in Parlia-
ment, and of the National Reformatory Union
which sprung from the former institution ; and
was followed by Lord Jour RUSSELL, who enume-
rated the details of Lord BROUGHAM'S exertions
in the cause of liberty and social advancement,
and moved, with thanks to Lord BROUGHAM, that
the Association Le now inaugurated.

The second day's proceedings give' us some idea
of what is aimed at. Apparently imitating. the
British Association for the Advancement of science,
the new association divided itself into five sec-

tions. Jurisprudence and Amendment of Law ;
Education ; Public Health ; Social Economy ;
Punishment and Reformation; these met separately
and were addressed by their respective Presidents.
In the first, Lord JOHN RUSSELL, as ready to steer
a discussion on Law Reform as he would be " to
take the command of the Channel Fleet," took
the chair, and very respectably indeed his Lord-
ship performed his part. He illustrated with
considerable felicity the past errors of commercial
legislation, the yet remaining intolerable nuisance
of equity jurisprudence, the mischiefs of bandying
suitors about from court to court, and the neces-
sity of codification, which, however, he considered
ought to be preceded by large amendments. We
hope the Society will so energetically ventilate the
subject that future centuries in England may
look back with pride and gratitude to the Vie-
t TORII. Code.

In education, Sir JOHN PAKINGTON took the
lead. On that topic, of course, he could tell us
nothing new. He wants Government to grant
a permissive Bill fairly t 3 try improved schools
in some localities. Lord STANLEY, who, we sup-
pose, is to add the degree of M.D. to his other
honours, took care of the public health. We wish
him health to keep us all well if he can, however
he limits his exertions to contending with "causes
of disease lying in some known external agency,
and affecting entire districts and classes of men."
Sir BENJAMIN BRODIE, leaving our health to
Lord STANLEY, took in hand our " Social Eco-
nomy;" he hardly seemed to know what he was
expected to attend to, but adverted to intempe-
rance and its indirect evils, and the mis-
chievous effects of many public charities
as now administered. The Recorder of
Birmingham, appropriately enough took the
lead in the last section. Mr. HILL will always be
listened to with pleasure and profit on the subjeot
of Reformatory Discipline. While we continue
to inflict the punishment of imprisoment for limited
periods, the problem of reforming our prisoners
before we dismiss them will continue to be one of
the most important of all social questions. It is
gratifying to find that at Dublin the demand for
reformed prisoners now actually exceeds the sup-
ply. Mr. HILL summed up the results of experi-
ments thus :

" Keep your prisoners under sound and en-
lightened discipline until they are reiormed—keep
them for your own sake and for theirs. The vast
majority of all who enter your prisons as criminals
can be sent back into the world after no unreason-
able term of probation, honest men an I useful
citizens. Let the small minority remain, and if
death arrive before reformation let them remain
for life."

It will be seen that the object of the gentlemen
who have formed the Association is to bring the
promoters of improvements in every department
of Social Science into mutual co-operation, and as
a first step to get them to confer in common.
Had we not so many Associations, the idea seems
to be a good one ; and as the object is one of
the highest importance, it may be hoped that the
Association will last at least till its work is done.

LATET NEWS.

THE SPANISH MINISTRY.
MADRID, FRIDAY.
General Armero has been named President of
the Council of Ministers.

Don Alexandro Mon is expected to arrive from
Rome.

The Under-Secretaries of the Ministers have, in
the meantime, been charged with the ordinary de-
spatch of business.

AUSTRALIA.

LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY MORNING.
The screw steamer Royal Charter has arrived off
Cork in 62 days horn Melbourne. All well.
She has 84,000 ounces of gold, and 24,000 sove-
reigns.

BERLIN, 13TH.
His Majesty slept well during the night, and
feels much less fatigued this morning.

BUCHAREST, 12T1.
The opening of the Wallachiau Divan has just
taken place.

Accounts from Constantinople, of the 7th, state
that commerce was still inactive.
Seventy-six thousand medals of Medjidie are to
be sent to the British array and fleet.

A let' er from Warsaw in the Pram of Vienna
says :—" It is perfectly true that the Russian
Government has set apart 6,00J,000 roubles for the
reconstruction of Sebastopol ; and although the
treaty of Paris forbids the building of fo tifications,
it is supposed that it may be easily eluded."
The statements are confirmed with respect to the
exi ensive nature of the fortifications which the Ruc-
sians are constructing at the entrance of the Sea
of Azoff.

FRANCE.

PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING.

The following political speculations are indulged
in by a Paris correspondent of the Nord of Bras-
seli :—" All the preparations have been made for
the removal of the court to the chateau of Com-
piegne, and tLe invitations will be issued between
this and the end of the week. It is thought that
important negotiations will take place at Co npiegne
in order to enable the congress of Paris to termi-
nate its labours. The second plenipotentiaries ex-
pect to be convoked after the return of the court
feom Compiegne, that is to say, about the latter
end of November. The period for our meeting
cannot, however, be fixed until after the vote
of the divans ad hoc, the arrival of the report of
the European commission, and the receipt of their
special instructions from their respective courts ; a
delay of six weeks will not be too long for all these
preliminaries."
The Moniteur publishes the official return of the
amount of the receipt of the taxes and indirect re-
venue for the nine expired months of 1857 as com-
pared with the corresponding period of 1856. TLe
amount of the for period was 781,083,000 E, being
an increase of 26,865,000 f. on the latter. As core.
pared with the first nine months of 1855, the
receipts of the present year show an increase
of 81,294,000 f. The principal items of re-
venue which show an increase in 1857 over
1856 are customs duties on importation of foreign
sugar, 7,275,000 f ; of sundry merchandise,
6,940,000 f. ; duty on potable liquors, 7,720,000 f. ;
sale of tobacco, 7,488,000 f. ; registration dues,
1,942,000 f. ; stamp duty, 591,000 f. ; navigation
dues, 280,00 f. ; salt tax, 1,367,0001. ; customs
duty on exports, 34,0001. ; sundry customs re-
ceipts, 23,000 f. ; sale of gunpowder, 490,000 f. ;
transit duty on foreign letters, 260,000 f. Tho,e
items which show a decrease are import duty ou
French colonial suga-, 3,018,000 f. ; on corn,
79'3,0001. ; duty on manufacture of beetroot sugar,
5,624,000 f. ; places in malle-pcstes, 116,0001;
duty on money orders, 55,000 t. ; post age, 48,000 f. ;
sundry incidental receipts, 25,000 f.
BOURSE, Oct. 15.—The following wore the last
quotations :

Cash. ft. End of month.
4} per Cents
3 par Cents 66 75 66 tB5
t;ank Shires 2,9 :0 Credit Fonoier r47i
Crait Mobilier 770 Roman - •
Do. Account 770 -- Austrian -
Bel,cian 4,', 9')l— Spanish Thread ,-.11
ridamontese (5) 9oa Home Debt