The Sun.
London, England, 1857-06-17 00:00:00

the merchants of the WeAern metropolis are sub-
jected. I believe that there is scarcely ever a

time when the streets are in or•ler.

In ttie win,er

we are told that it is impossible to remove the

snow ; we wade patiently through the dirty sand,
looking like a crushed tertiary forin4,tion—much

worse:however, for ovr boots—in the hove that

sprin4Y, will bring relief. Spring comes, with the
March winds and frosts laging 6.1 tht- m d. Ile of

May, and we assent to the impOssibility of clearing

accumulations under such oircuni .tAnces. Summer

followa, and we are yet without relief. Should the
yellow fever appear again at the doorg, or even the
lesi dreaded cholera, some effort may
_l3 made to-

wards a momentary cleanliness. Unless we have
some such godsend as that there seems to be little
hope of relief. The condition (f things here is be-
yond belief unless actually seen,—even if seen it
seems scarcely credible in a city of the wealth, cul-

ture, and commerce of New York. No other town
in the country is so. English Boston is a model of
cleanliness ; no difficult matter, to be sure, in se
small a space. Philadelphia is reasonably clean,
Baltimore is not dangerous from its dirt, and the

metropolitan city of Washington covers too much
ground to make the matter of its streets and sewers
of much consequence, except in a case like that of
the National Hotel. But of New York the less said
the better. London, in Gay's time, must have been
a Paradise to it.

The ArAgo carried to you last Saturday the news
of Walker's surrender'. The great Filibuster found
it necessary to run, and had t'ie wis lom to do it in
the right direction. A Government vessel lay couve-
nien, ly in the offing, and after a proper amount of
parley and negotiation thy surrender was made on
terms which I enclose. Walker and lus force marched
on board, and the Costa Ricans took possession of
the country which he left. He was tre.ted with a
proper degree of consideration by the officer to
whom he surrendered, and is now in New Orleans

receiving the honours of a hero. His brother Fdi•

buster, General Henninusen, who is the real mili
tary man of the'whole affair, is in New York. They
talk about other expeditions, but up to this time
the needful money is wan ing. For the last 16
months Walker's downfal has been a question of time
and pluck. His first and great error was in quarrel-
Hug with Commodore Vanderbilt. He seized, as you
will remember, the property of the Transit Com-
pany, in which the Commodore was largely inte-
rested, and transferred the grant to a new company,
of which some of the Commodore's sworn fo -s were
the mainstays. The Commodore subsidised Costa
Rica ; and, although Waller received aid from
others, his downfal may be said to date from the
day when he elected to quarrel with a great New
York capitalist, with interests °robe Isthmus. His
promulgation of slavery was another reason for his
fall. The semi black races of the Isthmus had no
fancy of being brought under the yoke of a race of
professed propagandists of slavery, and united to
expel him. Now that he is out, the disposition of the
victory is another, and by no. means so easy a mat-
ter to settle. The quarrel is again transferred to
New York. Here are now three separate grants for
the Nicaragua transit—the old transit grant from
the State of Nicaragua under which the route
was worked before the seizure of the country by
Walker ; the Walker grant ; and a grant from the
new authorities. The capitalists are struggling
which shall prevail. Could they unite it must prove
profitable, for it is shorter in distance than the
'route by Panama, and experience has demonstrated_
that the passage can regularly be made in less time.
But, meanwhile, the whole Californian traffic
threatens to become less profitable. Eastern capital,
it is said, is withdrawing from San Francisco. Two
large capitalists have already retired from that
market, and others are about to follow. Real
estate has fallen there, the import of goods is dimin-
ishing, and. there are various other signs to show
that the prosperity fever has worked itself to a
white heat and is now cooling down. Still the pro-
duction of gold does not sensibly diminish, nor is
there any present reason to fear that it will do so.
On the contrary, there is reason to believe that the
increase of quartz-crushing machines will hereafter
increase the regular . production of the pre cions
metal in a way that can be depended upon. There
seems also to be a disposition, in that remote re-
gion, to pay its debts, if legislative action can be
taken as-an exponent of popular feeling. The Legis-
lature have passed a law legalising the over-issue of
State Bonds, and have directed that the popular
vote be taken upon the question in such a stay as
to almost insure its legalisation. Upon the back of
the " tickets" at the next general election the
voters are to insc The whsther they are for repudia-
tion or for payment. As the " tickets" for each
party are printed and issued by a central committee,
his gives the wire-pullers power to control the mat-
ter. It is said to be the intention to issue none
except with the right inscription. If this machinery
works well it may be recommended to the politi-
cians of Mississippi, Florida, and Michigan.
The Arago, on Saturday last, carried out Grelet,
the defaulting clerk of the Nor here Railway of
France. On Thursday the judgment of the com-
missioner upon the long drawn out evidence was
quietly made up and transmitted to Washington.
The -return mail brought a warrant from the State
Department for the extradition of the offender.
Resistance was, of course, to be expected in those
days of writs of habeas corpus and injunctions. To
insure against these the prifoner was put on board
a tug steamer. He resisted stoutly, cursed and
swore, struck at the offices, screamed, and other-
wise manifested his indisposition to return to that
beautiful country which every Fren hm in thinks
without a parallel. But the marshal was inexor-
able, put him in irons, and carried him down the
harbour: in the steamtug. When the habeas corpus
came out from the State Courts the prisoner was iu
the offing awaiting the sailing of the Arago, to
which he was duly transferred ; and it is to be hoped
that before this reaches you he will be restored to
the charms of Paris.
The conflict between State and Federal jurisdic-
tions, which was attempted in the case of Grelet,
had actually happened in Ohio. The United States'•
marshal, charged with a warrant for the arrest and
examination of certain fugitive slaves, took posses-
sion of the walking chattels for the purpose of car-
rying them off. The people of the neighbourhood
interfered, and the slaves escaped. Then process was
sued out against those who ha I aided in the escape,
and they, were arrested. This was followed by a
habeas corpus for their recovery The marshal and
his followers forcibly resisted the service of this writ,
and were taken into custody by the State authori-
ties, and are now confine I in gaol awaiting their
trial for this offence. In the meantime they have
reported to Washington the resistance with which
the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law was
met, and there prOmises to be a very pretty
little quarrel. I think, but of this lam not quite
sure, that the State of Ohio, like several of
the Northern States, :has enacted a stringent law
for the .prosection of tia,e personal liberty of its
citizens. If so, there may be constitutional ques-
tions growing out of,this case as important as those
decided in the famous Dred- Scott case. The
Southern Counties of Ohio border upon Kentucky,
a Slave State. The Northern Central counties are
mostly peopled by the descendants of Eastern emi-
grants, and are strongly anti-slavery. In the
conflict of jurisdiction it is therefore likely that the
State authoritisi will be strongly supported by the
people of the State, and that the world will again
see in Democratic America a law enforced by phy-
sical power in a community to which it is extremely
odious.
The brother of the great founder of Mormonism
has coma out with a manifesto against Brigham
Young, charging him with all manner of crimes,
froM treason -down-to -petty larceny. The worst of
the charges is that there is every reason to believe
them true. 2,000 troops •are to be sent with the
new governor ; but 2,000 troops are a bagatelle
compared with the difficulty to be met and over-
come. There-is quartered in the territory of the
United States a force of many thousands hostile to
it in spirit, in religion, and in institutions animated
by theocratic fervour, and united by common super-
stition. If we can believe the storieswhich we receive
from those remote regions, no excesses are toogieialet
for public sanctioti.i h
f committed upon those o.t.
themtoakea m
preisvtaailkiengiirietlfigaiiolsnio
sTtrhiikse
an Government
vexertnermmeinntatl'olgil
blow before the pest grows any worse.
The trip of the Niagara to London seems to be
confessed to be a failure by the press, although some
apologies are offered. A great deal was expected of
this vessel. She was taken out of the hands of the
naval architects, and her design and structure in-
trusted to the late Mr. Steers, the builder of the
famous yacht America. It may be that she has not
'rad a fair trial yet, and that she ought to carry
her battery to make her trim for fast sailing ; but
she must do better than she has yet done to make
that battery of much use in the peculiar service for
which sVe isintended. . . - . . -
The woman killed at Newburg some time since