The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-27 00:00:00

NO MORE PILLS NOR ANT OTHER MEDICINE

DIIRES ( w ithout Physic) of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Constipation,
Flatulency, Phlegm, all Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints,
Hysteria, Neuralgia, Dysentry, Diarrhoea, Acidity, Palpitation,
Heartburn, Headache. Debility, Despondency, Cramps, Spasms,
Nausea, and Sickness (during pregnancy or at sea), Sinking Fits,
Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, also Children's Com-
plaints are effected by

1) II BARRY'S delicious REVALENTA
ARA.IIICA FOOD, which restores health without purging,
inconvenience, or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost in other
remedies. it is, moreover, the best food for infants and invalids
generally, as it never tarns acid on the weakest stomach, nor inter-
feres with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch
and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and
muscular energy to the most enfeebled.
We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of grati-
tude from invalids :—Cure No. 71, of dyspepsia, from the Right lion.
the Lord Stuart de Decies. " I have derived considerable benefit
from Du Barry'r Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it duo to
yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines.
Stuart de Decies."—Curt No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable
agony Emma dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation,
flatulency, spasms, and sickness at the stomach aid vomiting, have I
been remove:l by Du Barry's excellent Food. Maria Jelly, Wortham
1,, ig, near Dlss, Norfolk."—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs,
of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, a cnre of extreme ner-
vaafinvis, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.— '
Cure No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Ciateacre, near Liver
Pr); : a cure of ten yea.'s dyspepsia, and the horrors of nervous irrita-
bility. Cure No 18.1116. Dr. Andrew Ure of constipation, dyspep-
smihaa. ~,cerhviollty.
usirrtiltu farbf ity. Cure No. 31,210. Dr. Sherland of dropsy
eCurera m prostration Ns o, . 42 .
.1
Pare. 36,212. Captain Allan of epileptic its.
strength. Major rd
Curele ofN eon.la3zimiBe.nt
Rofe,theplirv.ermahandstetrotoalf
spasms, and daily vomitings, Cure. No. 26,418. Dr. Har-
vey of diarrhoea and debility. Cure No. 39,628. Dr. Wurtzer
of consumption. Cure No. 32 883 William !fnts, Esq., barrister,
of paralysis. Cure No. 46,270. ' Mr.. James Roberts, wood merchant,
of thirty yearsldisead
of
farttaol
ydee,arsfir ss.lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement,
Cure Ne. 4 , 814 Mr. Samuel Laxton, Leicester,
, Cure 'No .52 612 The Dowager o
Nofo.msa4n,B3'l27.ears'
ntl.eateuuarret,
aervons irritability,. bile, aCndunintedsis-
go fe
indi-
gestion. iao3
Miss Virginia
con-
sumption, after her medical advisers Zeguers, cured of
recovary. Cure No, 180. " "Twehnty-flue
abandoned all hopes of
t
stipation, indigestion, and debility, 4:Ofivm we 1 317ieeitrs'
nervousness, con-
!' have suffered great
misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been
effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very
shorttime.' W R Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London." No. 4,208. W.
R.
"Eight years' die-
peps' a, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for
which my servant had consulted the advice of many, have been
effectually cured by Du Barry's health restoring Food. I shall he
happy to answer any inquiries. Rev. John Flavell, Ridllngton Rec-
tory, Norfolk. No. 32,836. " Three years' excessive nervousness,
with pains in my neck and left arm,
and general debility, which ren-
dered my life very miserable, has been radically removed by Du
Barrv's health restoring Food. Alex. Stuart, Archdeacon of Hess,'
Skibbereen." Cure .
No. 3,9
06. " Thirteen years' cough, indigestion,
and general debility have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
James Porter, Athol-street, Perth."
Revalenta Arabica Food.
Important Caution against the fearful dangers of spurious 'mita-
tationst—
Sir William Page Wood granted an Num.
The Vice-Chancellor
tion on the 10th March, 1854, against Alfred Hooper Neville, for
imitating "Du Barry'src ,
Revalenta Arabica Food."
Suitably pacaed
ll e
Gd ;
riage free, on receipt of limates, and wit ll ins
tructions. • In
51b lls , 121 b 225. The 121 b car.
anisters, alb 23 9cl ;
tor a
21b
431'0st-office order. Barry Du Barry and
F rtnum Mason, and Co.. pur.
Co.. 77, Regent-street, London, o ,
182 Piccadilly ; also6o, at Graeechurch-
yeyors
street ; t 0330, her43o, and Majest4sl, Strand;
street, and 160, and 168, 074 rd-street:

The circumstances attending the lamented death
of Mr. Augustus Stafford, whose philanthropic
exertions in the East, and whose more recent efforts
to improve the position of the Army Medical
Department, brought him into intimate relation
with our profession, require notice in-these pages.
On the morning of Wednesday, Nov. 4th, this
gentleman, whilst staying at his Irish estate, near
Limerick, felt in his usual supposed-to-be-good
health. In the afternoon he complained of a pain
in -the stomach, which he compared to attacks from
which he had suffered on former occasions. The
pain persisting, at five o'clock be despatched his
servant for his physician, Dr. Daniel Griffin, of the
adjoining town, giving directions at the same time
to countermand the presence of some friends, whom
he expected to dine with him. Dr. Griffin, who,
it may be mentioned is the brother of the late Dr.
William Griffin, known by his work on "Spinal
irritation," and. of the late lamented novelist,
Gerald Griffin, is a physician of repute in his district,
and the author of some valuable papers published
in the medical journals. In obedience to the sum-
mons, this gentleman was with Mr. Stafford by,
half-past six o'clock. He found the patient suffer-
ing from most severe pain in the right side of the
abdomen.. Dr. -Griffin recognised the symptoms
as precisely similar to those of an attack for which
he had treated Mr. Stafford just a year previously.
It appears that, anticipating this state of matters,
he had provided himself with the remedies which on
that occasion had proved success—viz , laudanum
and tincture of henbane. He did not provide chloro-
form, because he had found Mr. Stafford " very in-
susceptible to its influence on the former occasion."
Then he gave an emetic, which caused an abundant
discharge of undigested food. Now, having in the
first instance tried the same agency without the
like effect, he proceeded to administer the sedatives
which he had brought with him, in doses corre-
sponding in strength to those given in the previous
attack. The patient thus received within two hours
some three or four doses (the number is not clear),
each containing fifty drops of laudanum and fifty
drops of tincture of henbane, with some sulphuric
ether. The patient being still unrelieved, fomenta-
tions, &c., having been used, Dr. Griffin bled him
from a free orifice to the extent of thirty ounces.
Another dose of the sedatives, of similar strength,
was then administered, and the patient fell asleep.
-darlitiOr`kbefiteved -to be. satisfactory,. he
was left by the doctOr at nine o'clock. This "heavy
sleep" is described by Mr. Stafford's man-servant
as being continued up to two o'clock, and as being
accompanied by snoring—a most unusual event.
We next hear that this servant, sleeping in the
adjoining room, is aroused by his master, who bad
risen from his bed and knocked at the door, telling
him to get up, for he was bleeding from the arm.
It is found that several ounces of blood have been
lost ; the arm is secured, and Dr. Griffin is again
summoned. When he arrives, he finds Mr. Staf-
ford in a very alarming condition. He can be
roused from a state of stupor with the greatest
difficulty, and then only for a few seconds. Am-
monia and other stimulants are administered.
Bastinado by a razor-strop and by similarly con-
structed deal batons is applied with more zeal than
tenderness. The pulse is 140, and almost itnper-
cept;ble ; the respirations 6 per minute. Further
medical aid is sought. Dr. Wilkinson attends ;
the treatment above described is continued for more
than ten hours, when at about half-past six o'clock
in the evening the symptoms of narcotism go off
somewhat rapidly, leaving the patient exhausted.
It may be mentioned here that the electro-magnet,
the most easily applied, and the most successful of
all agents in cases like the present, seems not to
have been used.
With reference to the. further progress of. t e
symptoms, it is to be mentioned, that the secretion
of the kidneys was almost altogether suppressed for
the first 48 hours, that the patient entirely lost his
desire for food, that his feet were very painful, and
that his strength was greatly reduced. In this
condition, which he himself attributed to an over-
dose-of laudanum, Mr. Stafford resolved to go to
Dublin for further medical advice. He left Oral-
toe, his residence, described by Dr. Griffin as in "a
low marshy situation on the banks of the Shannon,"
and far unsuitable to his recovery, on Tuesday,
November 10th. He slept in Limerick on that
night ; and on the following evening he reached
Dublin. He was immediately seen by Sir Henry
Marsh, who found him in a state of extreme
debility, and who came to the conclusion that "he
had travelled too soon, and that he was not fit firsuch a journey as from Limerick." From Sir
Henry Marsh's evidence at the inquest held on the
body, we learn further that the secretion of the
kidneys was albuminous ; and, from another source,
that Mr. Stafford had been subject for some years
to a deranged action of these organs. The patient
never rallied, and died on the fourth day after his
arrival in Dublin. The post-mortem examination,
made by direction of the coroner, revealed the
cause of the original pain—viz., bile-stones in the
gall-bladder. The kidneys were found enlarged ;
and the heart is described by Mr. George Porter as
being " larger than natural, very soft, " its
parieties greatly thinned, its substance easily torn.
There " was a large quantity of fat on its right
side." Mr. Porter adds, " from the result of the
post-mortem examination, I would say he died of
fatty degeneration of the heart." Dr. Robert
Smith, who has paid attention to this subject, con-
firms Mr. Porter's opinion as to the state of the
heart, saying : "It was far advanced in disease ;
and I have seen death result from that cause in
cases where the heart was not nearly so far advanced
in fatty degeneration." Sir H. Marsh testifying to
the same point, says : "Ble .ding and narcotic me-
dicine did unquestionably debilitate him. It Is my
opinion that that debility did contribute to his
death ; but if he had had a perfectly sound heart
he would have recovered it all." Guided by these
s, the jury agreed in finding that the de-
ceased died a natural death ; and that Dr. Griffin
was free from blame as to the treatment which he
had adopted. —Lancet.

DESTRUCTION OF FARIS PRODUCE.—A fire broke out
iu a stockyard at Newark, about mid-way between the
church and the Great Northern Railway station, between
10 and 11 o'clock on the evening of the 18th inst. The
militiamen in the town were called up by the sound of
the bugle, and hundreds of people hurried to the spot,
but owing to the difficulty experienced from several
causes in obtaining water, and the bursting of the hose
of the fire engine, it was not until the next morning that
the flames were got under, and the engines bad to play
upon the embers throughout the following day. Four-
teen grain and fodder stacks were either consumed, or
rendered unfit for consumption. The live stock were
promptly rescued on the first alarm of fire by Mr. Shep-
herd, of the Newark Arms, and a great deal of sur-
rounding property was saved by t
the manner
exertions of the
firemen and their assistants. From in which
the Sre commenced, and from circumstances connected
a i.h its occurrence, it is believed to have been the work
of an incendiary,

The Rev. Mr. TWELLS on rising was received with ap-
plause. Ile said : I am always most happy to have Mr.
%lee in the chair at our meetings, but I also always re-
gret to hear him speak deprecatingly of his knowledge of
tuis subject, because I feel assured that though he may
not be prepared to enter into details, or to reply to every
sophism that may be urged, he does fully understand all,
tee great principles of the question, and sees their int-
pertant bearing on the welfare of the nation. Tnough,
gentlemen, I have much p!eaenre iu again meeting
you, that feeling is mingtsd wit one of deep con•ic-
tioneM the depressing y.ezVameteencee under which au
portion of the agricultural body must at present as-
semble. I know that it is impossible for a farmer
to have to sell his produce without profit, or per-
bap. at a loss, to have to pay his rent out of capita;
or from his hardly earned savings, to look back on the
past year without satisfaction, and to look forward to
uture years with gloomy satisfaction, without his
very existence being embittered by the difficulties of his
position—l can without affectation say that I do sin-
cerely enter into the feelings of an industrious and
nsteltigent tenant farmer who finds that be is being
ground to dust between the upper and nether and-
stone of high taxes, rates, and rent on the one band, and
low prices on the other, and that no effort of his own
can rescue him from this condition. And it is to endea-
vour by union to devise means of escape, to secure to
every industrious farmer, tradesmen, and labourer the
just reward of his exertions, that we meet together
to-day. Gentlemen, the present session of Per,ia-
ment has been one of bitter disappointment to
every one who locked to Parliament for relief
It is fast passing away nothing to relieve the
distress of the country has been effected ; nothing
will be effected. In the meanwhile from one end of
the country to the other we hear from the agriculturists
the declaration that " something mtitt be done "-
-" something must be done or we shall be ruined."
Now, it is to declare what that something is that we
meet together. We may, that at least one great cause of
the existing distress is the unjust, abserd, and ruinous
monetary system established by Peel's bills of 1319 and
1844. (Cheers.) That ie what we wish to reform. Ours
is a clear, definite, understandable object. We put our
finger on the grievance, and we are prepared to point
out the remedy. And we think, alto, teat if the
agricultural body is true to itself, and true to the
country, that remedy may be obtained. Allow me to
call your attentioa to the present state of the agricultu-
rists. You are, as it appears to rue, placed in a position
in which, for the first time for the last 30 years, your in-
terests and the general interests of the country are be-
come strictly identical. During the tune of a protective
duty on corn it was possible for the.agricultural interest
to be in a comparatively prosperous condition when the
other interests of the country were depressed. This is no
longer the case. The farmers will in future prosper
just as the nation prospers. If trade, commerce, and
the manufacturing interests decline, you will suffer—if
they flourish, you will reap the benefit. I speak not of a
few months of high prices of agricultural produce, which
may occasionally occur, but of the permanent condition
of the agricultural interest. It will be affected by the
general condition of the country. If, therefore, you wish
to take an enlightened view of your position, if you wish
to secure your best interests, aid to secure them per-
manently, you will seek to do so by advocating such
measures as may secure the gew-ral pro-perity of
the nation. You will renounce all class legislation, de-
cline to take part in any scheme which way involve
injury to any other body of our fellow-countrymen,
and endeavour to promote those objects which may
advance the general welfare. (Hear, hear.) The
state of things which I to-day represent as your posi-
tion was foreseen with great sagacity by Sir James
Graham in 1826 he foresaw that the time must
come when the interests of the great agricultural body
-.must be placed of eleme Liming as those of the couu -
try at large. The'i;ubject of the currency, he has ob-
served, " in its nature intricate and foreign to the testa
of country gentlemen." "But," said he in 1826. " I
am certain that before long the whole question of our
currency must he forced on tee attention of tee Legisla-
ture by the landowners themselves, if they mein to pre-
serve their estates." Now let facts bear witness to the
sagacity of this opinion. A grand tran -far of property
has already taken place from the landowners to the
monied interest. Jones Loyd, (Lord Overstone) the re-
puted author of Peed Bill of 1844, can ride many miles
on his immense estate on Northamptonshire—and his is
not a solitary instance. As is always the case the weakest
are the first to suffer. The Irish landowners are the
weakest in the British empire, and what is taking place
in Ireland ! Why, within a few weeks three very large
landed proprietors, the Earls of Purtarlington, Mount-
cashel, and Kingston will be divested of their estates
ander the operation of the Encumbered E-tates Com-
mission. The encumbrances on Lord Mountcasherie
estate are stated at 275;9141.---thce-e on Lord Kingston's
at 350,0001. I well remember visiting the magnificent
inaneion and domain of Lord Kingston in the south of
Ireland. The house is one of the most splendid in the
country, the park opens upona square which forms apart
of the tow* of Mitchelstown ; to this park all the inhabi-
tants are freely admitted, and one-halt of the square con-
sists of 17 houses, called the College', endowed by the
Kingston family for respectable persons whose circum-
stances are reduced, asd who have a house free of rent
and kept in repair, and an allowance of 401. a year. The
misfortunes of the Kingston family have for years pro-
duced the greatest possible distress among many huh-
dreds of persons in the town and vicinity. That is one
case. There are 733 applications for sales of estates under
the Commission in Ireland. Gentlemen, it is to preserve
the estates of the landowners to their present possessors,
to prevent a state of things in this country similar to that
which is actually taking place in Ireland, that we seek to
obtain a revision of the currency laws. It might be sup.
posed thatthe landholders would take care of themselves
—but they have not done so. Hear Sir J. Graham again
in his speech in the "lessee of Commons, in Feb. 21,1850
" I have always contended, and the hon, member for
North Warwickshire (Mr. R. Spooner) wig agree with
me, that the most improvident bargain that could have
bee* made by any great class was that which the land-
lords made in 1819, when, in Consideration of an
exclusive corn law, which gave them the sole posses-
sion of the home market up to 80s. a-quarter, they
consented to the restoration of a depreciated standard
of value—a standard which had been depreciated for a
quarter of a century, That was an improvident bargain
I thought then, and I think so now. They are about to
preserve their class interests by asking for the re-imposi-
tion of the corn laws, in the vain hope of advancing the
value of their property at the expense of, and in opposi-
tion to, the entire community. Let them be on their
guard. Now, what was the improvement bargain of 1819
to which Sir James Graham refers ? That bargain was
a money law to make everything cheap, and a corn
law to keep corn dear. That bargain was made by the
landowners in ignorance of the effects of Peel's 811
of 1819. They were told by tke supporters of
that bill that it would only cause an alteration of
3 to 4 per cent. They did not see what Mr. Mat-
thias Attwood. with tke sagacity of a philosopher
and a statesman demonstrated would be the ruinous
effects of that measure. The currency question
being "in its nature intricate and foreign to the taste of
country gentlemen," they did not look so narrowly into
the terms of the bargain al did Sir James Graham. And
now, after years of cmstantly recurring distress, after a
painful struggle between opposing interests, after a period
of pelihical agitation, which has of itself most injuriously
interfered with the industrial pursuits of the people, the
country has forced the agricultural body to relinquish
that part of their bargain which was for their advantage.
it behoves you, before landlords
Now then, gentlemen,
and tenants are involved in one common ruin, it behoves
by every means in your power, to
you to endeavour,
obtain a relinquishment of the other side of the bargain
—that part which is become your bad side of the bar-
gaiu—i e., to obtain a thorough refermation of the
monetary system established by Peel's Bill of 1819.
(Cheers.) And be assured that there are others be-ides
yourselves who are convinced that this is the most
im-
portant object you can puraue. I receive communicro
tions almost daily from various parts of the country
informing ins of the interest which is being excited on
this question. I will beg leave to read a short note which
I believe expresses the present opinion of a large body
of farmers at this time, " Until very lately," says the
writer, " I have been a quiet farmer, not meddiing in
any way with things unconnected with the occupation
of my farm. I have expended a great sum in straighten.
ing hedges, making roads, draining, building, &c., doing
what I hoped would ultimately pay me, bet acting
somewhat upon the belief that in this outlay I was doing
only my duty to society. The great depreciation which
has lately taken place in the value of agricultural pro-
perty and produce has proved to me that I have acted
unwisely—and I should still do so if I waited apatheti-
cally the ruin which awaits thefariners as a class, I have
a family to care for, and I see no reason why eitherin jus-
tice or policy the farmer ehould lose caste or sink indi-

vidually in the nation. With these feelings, I have, to
a certain extent, turned political agitator in my neigh-
bourhood, and 1 have stimulated my brother farmers
around me to a show of energy and determination. We
have at several public meetings discussed the grievances
which affect the agriculturists, as a body, but there are
• several points which bear heavily upon us which also
affect the community at large. The Currency, I believe,
is one of them ; and to this source do I look, under pro-
vidence, for ultimate relief. I am not the only farmer in
this neighbourhood entertaining the belief that all other
questions raised by farmers, as malt tax, property tax,
Protection, are secondary to the question of Currency."
Now, I believe the highly respectable and intelligent
author of this note to represent very fairly the feeling
which is every day growing and increasing amongst the
agriculturists ; and it rests with you to do evrry-
thing you can to strengthen this feeling. The Na-
tional Currency 'Reform Association in London is
doing a great deal for the cause. A highly respectable,
numerous, and intelligent meeting was held on Saturday
last at Reading, and a society was formed. In Wiltshire,
Suffolk, Northathiptonshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire,
Herts, and in several of the large towns—Liverpool and
others —the subject is commanding attention. Mr. Dun-
can is indefatigable in his exertions in town, and all that
can be effected by talent and devotion to the cause will,
be accomplished if the London Society is properly sup-i
ported. We have also staunch adherents in this part!
of the country. I am glad to have this opportunity of
expressing my thanks to the able writer (&uaaavls),.
in the Derbyshire Courier, for his efficient a ivocacy
of this question. He shows himself the true friend
of. the farmer. I quite admit the value of his liege
gestion of the importance of persuading Sir J. Graham
to take up this question in earnest, but no man can
do justice in the House of Commons to the currency
question unless the country plainly and distinctly eignis
fies its intention to support him. I hope the country is
becoming every day better informed on the subject and
more alive to its importance. • Bat to revert to the pre,
sent state of affairs. Nothing will be done in this session.
Every attempt for the relief of the distress has failed ;
Disraeli's plan fell to the ground, Cobden's finaneiai
reform came to nothing, and Lord John Russell recently
challenged the Protectionists to brine for want a motion
to restore the corn laws. He knows his security—tor all
the great parties, Whigs, Peelites, and Cob len's party
are pledged to free trade, and whether the country pros-
pers or suffers they must now stand by their opir.ion.
present Parliament was elected in the autumn of 1847, eo
that it has three years' more existence. I wisuld ask
you calmly to consider what chance there is of obtaining
a re-enactment of the corn-laws in this Parliament ? Bue
what is the chance of doing so in a new Parliament? My
belief is that the longer the people, both the middle
classes and the werkine classes, are accustomed to cheap
bread, the more unwilling they will be to relinquish it.
And what will be the result of a general election ? I
hold in my hand the second annual report of the Free-
hold Land Society, which has been established at Bir-
mingham, for the purpose of " buying land wholesale,
and retailing it to the members at the wholesale price."
From this report it appears that 29 societies of the kind
are in existence in various places. From the returns
made from 25 of these places, it seems that about 11,500
shares were subscribed for in October last, and that the
number of members is rapidly increasing-11,500 shares
for which ls. 6d. each is paid weekly, gave an amount
of 44,8531. a-year. Such a sum as this expended in the
purchase of 40s. freeholds must, in a few years, mate-
rially increase the constituencies of the counties. Should
trade decline—and the depressed state of agriculture
must act most injuriously on the home trade—the
next Parliament is not unlikely to be less favourably
disposed towards a corn law than the present. But why
should these new voters be less anxious for the preserva•
tion of the institutions of the country than the old ones.
Only let the country prosper—as with a good monetary
system we beleve it would—and let every working man
get a fair day's wages for a fair day's work, and these
40e. freeholders would feel that they have a stake in the
coup ry, and would become conservative in principle.
The importance to the agriculturists .of the working
classes being well off can hardly be estimated. If there
are is Great Britain and Ireland five millions of workiug
men, an increase in their wages of merely 2s. a weak
gives 26,000,0001. of which the greater part will pro-
bably be spent in food. The wages paid in Sheffield are
now more than double what they, were recently. Take
the number of working men in Sheffield at 28,000, and
an increase in their wages of 10e. a week would give
a sum of 700,0001. a year—a considerable portion
of which must be paid to the agricultural producer.
(Hear, hear.) Now, as to the present position of the
currency question, let it be remembered that the Lords'
report of 1347 has spoken decidedly in favour, at least,
of an alteration. Peel's system has had a fair trial of 30
years, and as Load Ashburton said, has signally failed.
I will read the petition which I beg leave to submit to
you this eve .ing. (Mr. T wells here read the petition.)
Now, as to the last clause of the petition, I would
observe that the accumulation of money is the Leek
is quite unprecedented—and yet trade in general
languishes. By the return of April the 20th,
there was 16,629,6011. in gold and silver, and
2,537,5601. of bank notes, lying idle. I received, a
day or two since, a communication from a London
banker, in which he says, " there is so little employ-
meet at this time for money permanently, that although
our broker lent yesterday 100,000/. at 1j per cent. fer
two or three weeks, yet it cannot get profitably dis-
persed on account of the fear that exists of some change
suddenly calling it back again. Gold, at the market
price, would relieve this state of things, and spread satis-
faction over the country. It would remove the dread of
panic, and restore confidence." Now what says Lord
Bacon f " Above all things good policy is to be used,
that the treasures and monies in a State be not gathered
into fa • hands : for other wise a State may have a good
stock, and yet starve ; and money is like muck, no good,
expect it be spread." It is to remedy the evils of a system
by which money lies in heaps, and at one time cannot be
obtained, as the Lords' c memittee stated, without pay-
ing 20 or 30 per cent., and at another time cannot be
employed at 2 per cent., that we call upon Parliament.
It is the want of confidence, which at present acts so in-
Jurionely on all interests. Tne railway interest affords a
striking in-tance. While railways, the beat managed,
and with ample security, have difficulty in obtaining
money on any terms, London bankers cannot obtain 2
per cent., and are afraid to lend money for more than
very short periods. I may ob-erve with regard to railway
property, which is now so much depressed, how much
evil has unjustly been attributed to rail essy expendi-
ture. The country has spent, we are told, all its money
in reilways. Now the Lords Committee spoke of
76,390,0001. as an " enormous sum," to be spent on mil-
-1 ways in two hours and a half. But what were the sums
expended during the war? In 1313, we actually ex-
pended 130,000,0061.-68 millions being raised in taxes,
and 82 millions in loan—and since then we have had 36
years peace, and the real property of the country has,
we know, greatly increased. But, as Mr. C. Rowcroft
has stated, the amount of money raised and expended
during the 13 years, from 1797 to 1815, was no less than
1451 millions, and of this 630 millions were expended on
the war—were sunk and lost is carrying on warfare. But
the whole amount of capital expended on railways from
1826 to 1343, is lees than 200 millions. And instead of
being fired away in powder and shot, this sum has been
spent in our own country in employing labour, stimu
hating trade, and providing •a system of communica-
tion the most perlect, ever witnessed, and tend
ing in innumerable ways to increase the nation's wealth.
With a steady and safe monetary system we might have
obtained all the advantages of railways, and have escaped
the ruinous depreciation of this kind of property which
has taken place since 1847. There is one other remark
which I venture to make with respect t 3 this question.
It is sometimes said, "If these things are of such i n-
pOrtance, how is it that they have not obtained the
sanction of statesmen ?" To this it may be replied that
the science which regulates the distribution of wealth,
and ensures to labour its just rights, and to commerce its
most profitable exercise, is one in which much yet re
mains to be fully demonstrated. Adam Smith, Maccul-
loch, Mill, and others, are authors of recent date, and
loft much to be yet learned en the subjects of which they
treated. And if other parts of political economy are im-
perfectly understood, we need not be surprised if mone-
tary science, perhaps the most intriceos and sub-
tle of all, has not yet obtained the attention to which
its importance undoubtedly entitles it. Truth, how-
ever, is not less truth, before it obtains the sanction
of great names, and the currency of popular accept-
ance. But if an appeal, in favour of the monetary sys-
tem we advocate, be made to authorities, we are not
without them. Lycurgus adopted the system of repre-
sentative money, by destroying the malleability of hie
iron coin, and rendering it valueless a m
s a comodity.
Plato recommended a double currency, one of no value,
for domestic circulation, while the precious metals
were, he said, useful only for external trade.
Aristotle agreed with the system we advocate
in several particulars. From Lord Burleigh, Lord
Bacon, and Lord Coke, down to King William 111., Mr
Locke, and Sir Isaac Newton, the course pursued by
these great men with regard to our monetary system was
as Mr. Attwood has shown, directly opposed to that
adopted by the bollienists. Benjamin Franklin, one of
the most cautious and sagacious of men, wrote a treatise
ou " The nature and necessity of paper currency ;" he
attributed the prosperity of the American colonies to the
use of such a currency, and affirmed at the bar of the
House of Commons that its withdrawal had, by the
ruin it spread, alienated the colonies from the mother
country. The younger Pitt, the ablest financial Minister
perhaps that this country ever possessed, carried the
country safely through a period of unexampled difficulty
by the assistance of a representative paper currency.
Sir Walter Scott, in 1826, by his Malachi Malagrowther
letters, prevented the Government from overturning
that system of paper money, by which the prosperity
of his native country had been so essentially promoted.
Great names cannot give sanction to error, but they
adorn the truth. If our opponents appeal to authorities,
we ask them to show us higher authorities than those I
have mentioned. (Cheers.) And now, gentlemen, with
thanks for the patient and attentive hearing which you
have kindly afforded me, I leave this important question
to your own energetic exertions. With many of you, I
am wet] , aded your own welfare and the comfort and
happiness of your families is at stake. It is for your
hearths and homes that you must contend. And our
destiny, under Providence, is in oar own hands. For
the experience of this country for the last 50 years hue