The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-22 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS IIV NEW YORK.

Although it was expected that the present Ameri-
can mail would bring important news, the advices
are almost entirely destitute of interest. The New
York public have learnt to disregard the constant
notifications of an approaching battle between the
main armies, and attention was now chiefly concen-
trated on the movements of General Fremont in
Missouri. Very little intelligence, however, is ob-
tained from any source, owing to the vigilant
supervision of the Government over all the journals.
Large purchases of grain and flour continued to be
made on French account, and the pressure of bills
thus created had increased the flatness of the rate of
exchange, which was quoted 107 to 1071. Money
was abundant at 6to 7 per cent. The following
correspondence had taken place with regard to the
income-tax and the foreign holders of American
securities :

" New York, Sept. 27, 1861.

" Sir,—We beg the favour of your informing us whether
any United States income or other tax will be charged on
coupons, or interest to become due, on American securities
(Government or otherwise) owned by Europeans resident
abroad.

"We propound this query that we may be enabled to
satisfy various foreign correspondents who now hold or may
purchase United States bonds, &c., and have written to us
inquiring as to this point. Your answer, we believe, will
be in the negative, judging from the law recently passed,
and if so—it being authoritative—its publication would im-
mediately remove all fear of such taxation from the minds
of European capitalists.
"We have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient
servants, " BARCLAY AND LIVINGSTON.
" Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury."
" Treasury Department, Oct. 1, 1861.
_ _

" Gentlemen,—ln reply to your inquiry of the 27th ult.,
I beg leave to say that the existing laws of the United
States do not impose any tax upon securities of any kind
held by foreigners residing abroad.

" Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
" S. P. CHASE, Secretary to the Secretary.
" Messrs. Barclay and Livingston, New York."

FINIS POLONLE.

The famous mot, Finis Polonice, attributed to
Kosciusko, after the battle of Maceiovice, and which
in all probability prompted Campbell's celebrated

the-

" - freedom shrieked when Kosciusko fell,"

is now, after the lapse of more than half a century,
proved to have never been uttered. M. Chodzko,
a Pole, residing in Paris, has communicated to the
Pays the following interesting letter, written by
Kosciusko himself to the historian De Segur :
Paris, 30, Biumaire, rn xii. (Oct. 31, 1803.)
Monsieur le Comte,—Besides the paper which I gave you
yesterday relative to M. Adam Poninski and his conduct in
the campaign of 1794, there is another matter connected
with the unfortunate battle of Maceiovice, which I am
anxious to clear up. Ignorance or bad faith iasists upon
putting into my mouth the word "Finis Polonix," which I
am said to have pronounced on that fatal day. In the first
place, I was almost mortally wounded in that battle, and
only recovered my senses two days afterwards, when I found
myself in the hands of my enemies. Moreover, if such a
word as that would be illogical and criminal in the mouth
of any Pole, it would be doubly so in mine. The Polish
nation, in calling upon me to defend the integrity, indepen-
dence, dignity, glory, and liberty of our country, well knew
that I was not the last of the Poles, and that although I
might die on the battlefield, or otherwise, Poland would not
therefore come to an end. What the Poles have done since
with those glorious Polish legions, end what they gill in
future do to recover their count: y, sufficiently proves that
although we, her deVoted soldiers, are mortal, Poland is
immortal, and that nobody is justifi-d in repeating the base
epithet, Finis Polonix. What would the French say if, after
the disastrous battle of Rosbach in 1737, Marshal Charles
de Rohan, Prince of Soubise, had exclaimed, Finis Callan,
or if such cruel words had ly-en impugned to him by his bio-
graphers ? I shall therefore be obliged to you if you CH
not repeat the _Finis Polonice ii the next coition of your
work, and I trust the authority of your name may prevent
any one from attributing to me in future a blasphemy
against which my whole soul protests.

T. KOSCIUSKO.

NEGRO EMANCIPATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
—The following memorial is now circulating in the free
States of the American Union :—" Memorial of the People
to Congress. Proclaim liberty throughout all the land ;
to all the inhabitants thereof.' To the Congress of the
United States.—The undersigned, citizens of —, State
of —, respectfully submit,—That, as the present for-
midable rebellion against the general Government mani-
festly finds its root and nourishment in the system of chat-
tel slavery at the South ; as the leading conspirators are
slaveholders, who constitute an oligarchy avowedly hostile
to all free institutions ; and, as, in the nature of things, no
solid peace can be maintained while the cause of this trea-
sonable revolt is permitted to exist, your honourable body
is urgently implored to lose no time in enacting, under the
war power, the total abolition of slavery throughout the
country, liberating unconditionally the slaves of all who
are rebels, and, while not recognising the right of property
in man, allowing for the emancipated slaves of such as are
loyal to the Government a fair pecuniary award, as a con-
ciliatory measure, and to facilitate an amicable adjustment
of difficulties, and thus to bring the war to a speedy and
beneficent termination, and indissolubly to unite all sec-
tions and all interests of the country upon the enduring
basis of universal feeedom."

GLASGOW, Oct. 19.—Cotton.—We have again
had an active market this week at advancing rates. The
quantity on sale is very limited. Yarns and Goods—The
speculative movement in cotton has extended to yarn and
cloth, and a large business ha, been done during the week
at an advance of fully ld. on yarns up to 100, while goods
such as 12 jaconots and the like are up 3d. Goods and
yarns are still, notwithstanding the advance, such a losing
trade to the manufacturer that we hear daily of more short
time ; and, as cotton is daily creeping higher and higher,
unless some unexpected relief should come, the prospects of
our manufacturers for the coming winter are gloomy in-
deed. Iron—The pig-market has shown rather more firm-
ness this week, and prices have fluctuated about 9d. per
ton. Yesterday the tone was flat at 495. 6d. cash, but to-
day there has been less pressure, and after business at 495.
71d.; holders stood out for 495. 9d. prompt, at which the
market closed steady. Iron in makers' hands is in fair re-
quest, and exports are going on briskly. Gartsherrie. No.
1,58 s. ; No. 3,50 s. ; g.m.b., No. 1, 495. 3d. ; No. 3,48 s.
3d. ; No. 1, Coltness, 535. 6d. ; Calder, 51s. ; Glengarnock,
51s. ; Eglinton, 51s. ; Forth, 505.; Kinneil, 50s.
The advices from Paris show that the tendency
of the exchange is still strongly in favour of this country
The Bank of France have advanced their terms for their
bills on London, and all that they offer are taken directly.
At present, however, they sell only moderate amounts. It
is alleged that on Thursday last the directors wished to
advance their rate of discount to 7 per cent., but that the
Government would not consent. A renewed rise has
occurred in the price of flour.