The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-14 00:00:00

EMPEROR NAPOLEON 111.

"Sire,—The rapid succession of events in Italy, and the
condition, every day more unhappy, of this city, command
the patriarchate and people of Rome to raise their voices,
that you, Sire, and Europe, may hear the true expression
of our desires and our wants.
" The independence of Italy, the reconstruction of the
Italian race into a vital, single, and compact nation has been
the dream of 10 centuries, the aspirations of 50 generations.
If that dream is to-day a reality, if our generations to come
shall no longer'share the tears and slavery of past genera-
tions, it is a glory, Sire, which history will join to your
name and to the name of the generous sons of France who
fought at Mag,enta and Solferino. Victorious on battle-
fields, establishing as a basis of treaties the principle of non-
intervention, you have avenged us in our liberty, you have
freed us from foreign and internal oppression. But that
the work may be completed, and that Italy may be consoli-
dated in tranquillity, it is necessary that the principle of
non-intervention, the expression of the universal suffrage,
the foundation of the new European right and of the new
Governments, should not be vainly invoked for Rome, the
natural centre of regenerated Italy.

"You have done all that was in your power to save the
temporal domain of the Holy See. If you have not suc-
ceeded, it Is because of the force of events, because of the
impossibility of institutions and convictions too much op-
posed to the principle of 1789, too strange to accord with
the needs of the Italian nationality.. Now, the moment is a
solemn one, Sire, and we ought to say the whole truth. If
the resistance of the Pontifical Court to satisfy these needs
is any longer maintained, not only will these follow the
total ruin of the moral and material interests of Rome, but
even the existence of Catholicism in Italy will be compro-
mised. The constantly-increasing aversion of the Italians
for the policy of the Papal :Court may occasion a schism
fatal to Europe, to Italy, and to the Church whose faith we
profess and whose traditions we venerate. It is then neces-
sary, for the interest of the Catholic world, as well as for our
national interest, that two Powers, at this day incompatible
under the authority of one and the same person, should be
separate, and that, regard being had to all the guarantees
that can protect the spiritual authority of the Pontiff, that
authority should be left the Church, and Rome should be
reunited to Italy, from which she cannot and will not re-
main separated. Sire, our consciences command us to
declare to you and to Europe that such are the wishes of
the city of Rome. We have a firm confidence that you will
render complete the gratitude of Italy by permitting the
wishes of Rome to be satisfied.

," ADDRESS OF THE ROMANS TO VICTOR.
EMMANUEL.

" Sire,—Rome, to whom has been hitherto refused the
right of enfranchisement granted to her sister towns, has
not had, and could not have, any one to represent her in
the great act by which Italy, constituted for the first time,
has proclaimed you its King by means of the national Par-
liament. But Rome was present in intention at the solemn
act, and, as already she has placed her confidence in you, and
her hopes beneath the shadow of your flag, she now believes
it her duty to break the long silence which those whose in-
terest it is to calumniate her might misinterpret.
" Rome, then, in the only manner possible to her, joins
her vote with that of the Italian Parliament, and proclaims
you her King. Receive then, Sire, by this address, the
desires of the Roman patriarchate .and people, which th
undersigned, making themselves the interpreters of them,
have the honour to present you, declaring at the same tim
that these votes and no others would be found in the urn

universal suffrage, if it were permitted tc, Rome to express
her wishes by that means.
" Civilised Europe must think that if a nation has the
right of choosing its capital, Rome cannot be disputed to
Italy except force be substituted for right and justice.
Rome, nevertheless, waits for you, Sir ; she raises her m
towards you ; she asks that your flag—the flag of Italy—
may be hoisted over the old Capitol,"

LITERATURE.

Social Life and Manners in Australia. By a

Resident. Longman.
• This little work purports to be the notes of
eight years' experience of a lady in Victoria. We
say purports to be, for it is evident that the author's
topographical experience is derived from a map,
and her other experiences partly from hearsay and
partly from fancy. Nevertheless, as everybody is
not supposed to have visited Australia, there is no
reason why fiction may not be written about it ;
but we should have preferred that the author had
admitted the fact in the preface, seeing that any-
body who is in any way acquainted with Australia
cannot fail to detect some error in almost every page;
but treated in its true character as a work of fiction
it is amusing, and as the author has taken the pre-
caution to avoid all reference to dates and proper
names, those uninitiated in the mysteries of gold
digging and colonial travelling may pass a dull
hour away in the perusal of a volume which has
certainly the advantages of novelty, being, we
believe, the first attempt to give a lady's ideas of
the gold-fields.

Treatise on Mills and Millworks. Part I. By
William Fairbairn, C.E., &c., &c. Longman.
Mr. Fairbairn informs us in his preface that he
has long had it in contemplation to give an account
of his own practical experience on millwright con-
struction. In this the first volume he furnishes
data and general principles for the successful guid-
ance of the millwright in his professional studies.
In the next he proposes to give a treatise on the
new system of transmissive machinery, and on the
arrangements necessary for imparting motion to
the various descriptions of mills. From long ex-
perience in the construction of mills, and a thorough
knowledge of the principles which govern
water power and other motive agencies, Mr.
Fairbairn is eminently competent to carry
out these views. He has a great respect
for the millwrights of the last century, of
wLom he gives the following account :