The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-24 00:00:00

HORSES.

Class I.—Stallions for agricultural purposes foaled on
or before the Ist of January, 1855.—Fast prize of 301.,
to T. B. T. Hildyard, of Flintham-ball, near Newark.
Ciass 2.—Stallions for agricultural purposes, foaled
in 1855.—First Pdzs of 201. to Samuel Cayden, of
Litt:e Linton, Cambridgeshire.
Class 3.—Mares and Foals for agricultural purposes.
—First prize of 201. to Samuel Wulton, jun., of Kes
grave, near Woodbridge.
SHEEP. —LEICESTEBS.
Cass I.—Shearllng Rams.--First prize of 251. to W.
Sanday, of Holm° Pieirepont, Nottingham,
Giese 2. Rams of any other age.—First prize of 251.,
\V, Saoday, ditto.
Class 3.—Pens of five Shearling Ewes of the same
flock.—First prize of 20/., to W, Sanday, ditto.
SOUTHDOWN.

Clot; I.—Shearling RamF.—First priza of 251. to
Jonas Webb, of Babrabana, near Cambridge.
Class 2.—llama of any tither Age.—First priza of 251.
to Jonas Webb.
Gass 3.—Pens of five Shearling Eves of the same
flock.—First priza of 201. to Henry Overman, of Wea-
henatn, near Rougham.
SHORT-WOOLLED SIIREP.

Class I.—Shearling narns.—Fint prize of 251. to
George Adney, of Harley, near Much-Wenlock, Sal p.
Class 2.—Rams of any other Age.—First prize of 25/.
to Samuel Meire, of Castle-hill, Much-Went Ark, Salop.
Gass 3.—Pens of five Shearling Ewes of the same
fhek.—First prize of 201. to William Brown Canning,
of CaLledon, near Swir,idon.
,LONG-WOOLLED SHEEP.
Cias3 I.—Shearling Ranis —First prize of 251. to
William Lana of Broadfield Farm, Nortitleaell,
Glun-
ce:,ter.
Cass 2.—Rams of any other age..—First prize of
251. to Edward Handy, of Sierford, near Cheltenham,
Glncester.
Class 3 —Pens of five Shearling Ewes of the same
flock.—First prize of 201. to William Game.
PIGS.
Class .I.—B oars of a large breed.—FrrA prize of 101,
to John Harrison, jun., of Heaton Norris, near Stork.
port. _
Class 2.—Boars of a small breed.—First prize.of 101.
to George Mangles, of Givendale, near Ripon, York.
shire.
Class a.— Breeding Sows of a large breed,—First prize
of 10/. to William Hewer, of Sevenhampton, near
High worth.
Class 4.—Breeding Saws of a small breed.--First
prize of 101. to H. Watson, of Bc•lton-park, near Wig-
ton, Cumberland. -

SIR G. NAPIER AND THE INDIAN

ARMY.

(FroM the Times.)
It has long been stt down among the singu-
larities of our race that an Englishman is more
than half satisfied when he knows the causes of
a disaster. No doulkt he is a very reasonable
being, and often finds in a sufficient theory a com-
pensation for actual failure. If it be so, our
readers will find an immense store of comfort in
the shape of Sir Charles Napier's published
opinion-4 on the oindition of the Indian Army, and
some extracts from the more recent offi.lial des-

patches of the Governor-General. Any one who
reads the former, unless he resides under the shade

of some Director or retired Commander-in-Chief,
will only wonder how we have held the empire so
long by such a rope of sand as our military system
turns out t') be. That, no doubt; has been the vt ry
reflection that has a thou,and times instilled a false

,e3urity, and stifled ti!e thought of reform.

It has

gone on in this war for generations ; it answers ;
no other way would answer, for what we can tell.
True, there ore mis ;ivings, not to say ac tual clan ger&
So there were thirty yrars ago ; ay, sixty years.

Indeed, there never was a time when thjre were
not people to t-11 us our empire hung on a thr, ad.
Bishop Heber says that had Lord Combermere
been forced to raise the siege of Bhurtpore, as L
had done 20 ye irs before' every man from the Sut-
lej to the Nerbudda who had a sword, or who could
either buy or steal a horse, would have risen against
us.

It so happens that, chiefly owing to the intense .
jealousy of the Indian Governm,nr' and the incu-
bus which sits on the pen and the tongue of every •
Indian functionary, we have not had many means
of knowitter6 how the system worked., We have had
uo men of quick observation, sound judgment, free
from professional bias, and able to defy all
authorities who passed through India, took notes
of all they saw, and gave us the results of the tour.
When a man did this, or when opinions did actu-
ally transpire, these were set down to disappoint-
meet, eccentricity, or malice ; and few indeed are
the men who are not open to such imputations. In
fact the prophet always was an eccentric, passion-
ate, and rather ill-tempered being. For years it
has been known that Sir C. Napier felt the most
grievous dissatisfaction with the state of things in
India ; and that he had incurred the wrath of its
rulers by the freedom of his tongue. 'nut what did
this matter ? His authority was as dust in the scale
compared with the vast reality of an empire which
had survived so many hostile predictions, and which
it was often said required rather a certain assiroila- •
tion to the Oriental character than so striking a
contrast as the energetic Englishman is apt to be- •
come. India is a subject, indeed, on which mere
Englishmen—and every oneof us who has not sees
[mita is a mete Englishman in the eyes of the more
fortunate—have hardly courage to speak. The
whole thing is a mystery in our eyes. None of us
can divine by what spell or what law of nature the
schoolfellows whom we beat at every possible trial
become in afew years colleetors orjudgee with prince- .
ly incomes, or military officers with extraordinary
employments of great responsibility. It was not ;
for us to criticise a state of things in which the
least drop of Enelish blood went for so much, where
it seemed a positive waste to be clever and strong,
and where the only danger was lest, like Gulliver
among the Lilliputians, we should occasionally do
damage by forgAting the smallness and the frail-
ness of the race we had to deal with. Hence it is
that even the British public, ev, r alive as it is to:
all misgovernment at home, and quick to hear corn'
plaints, was not roused by the known indignation .
and misgivings of Sir Charles Napier. In feet,
what could we do ? We have only just renewed
and largely modified the Charter, with hopes 03. -
improvement. As for the army, that we could not
reach. These standing armies do indeed stand.
The highest military reason is that a thing is so.
Why, for example, did we make Delhi a strong for"
\tress, surround it with new bastions, excavate a
deep ditch out of the granite rock, leave within W
a hundred thousand muskets, two perks of the'
heaviest artillery in India, and powder enough t°'.
blaze away at any enemy for a year, and then place
the whole in the sole charge of three native regi'
meets ? Why did we not see the absurdity of this
course ? The answer is, that it always was co ill
Indian memory, It has been so the whole of this
century, and no harm has come of it.
What is described in these passages from tbe
" Life of Sir Charles Napier" is the gradual .
tinction of the British element in the native Indian
army, and the simultaneous elevation of the Bin,'
dote Hai there been a compact by virtue of which,
we were gradually to surren ter our dominion, to
relinquish step by step the ground won for us by a:
succession of conquerors above our own standard,,
to let the Hindoo acquire the strength, the rank;
the self-confidence, the absolute independence, Ltua
the contempt of ourselves necessary to qualify Oil
for doing without us, we could not have done other''`wise than we have. Here we see the picture offer.
mense army, of the finest men the country
ala ;
produce ; full of caste and prejudice ; well P
with wives, children, and camp followers ; 00133
pletely officered by thier own race ; these officer::
men of years, experieuce, and dignified character a:
and everything, in a word, that could make a ge°
native army. We see a long indulgence to native
pride and scruples to an extent unknown in el:r0:
own army at home. On the other hand, we gee
the Bri ish officers of these noble regiments gene
rally reduced to a few youths, learning their Pr" •
ft,ssion from the very men they are sent to 003:0;
mend and overawe ; spending their time in atoll- ,
ments, or, worse, in idleness ; or, if they do learA
and practise their profession, forthwith transferee
;
to some civil employment. The collection of
revenee, which is said to have drained the Judicial
Departments of its best heads, robbed the army ale's
t
of its ablest hands. Thus in many regiments
,11
England has become only a name, as ol'1,1,`"0
a name as the puppet we left on
_in
throne of the Mogul and his feudatories. ilr;t
remained intact, whit improved, and grew strong:o
day by day, was the native organisation. The'
were, indeed, pageants of Mahomedan
and there were also other men in buckram tib-p,
et od for the British conqueror. History recorder
itself in a few foreign uniforms and idle Caret:lloW
There was nothing real but the native, and tbetill
reality was witnessed with respectful alarm by 04
men as Sir C. Napier, wi h blind indifference id
such nice as Sir Wm. Gomm, and we must ad 0,
with pain, Lord Dalhousie. Se Sir Charles p.rici
tested and prophesied. He knew the breath w°l`.o
btl hardly out of his body before the whole rott%
fibric would crumble to pieces, but he would net
' the Cassandre of India the laughingstock of dire,
tors and departments. He would, indeed, have P,r.foo
tested in vain. He did protest in vain. His own
and character were a continual protest against
indolence and luxury of the Englishman who plolo,
the soldier to the increasing contempt ofthe Hind°A
;
Sir C.iarles was laughed at, snubbed, c tricature"i
and- finally beaeen from the field, warning 1/10
ft ieuds to the last of the impending,catastrophe.
has, however, done his work. We have his lig".".
and we snail profit by it. We have now to re-e°o-
quer India, and we shall do it. We have to foci
censtruA our system, t>•reorganize our army,
to create a new ideal of the British soldier in to
ia . That we shall do, for we are not a nation
give up our' ground once won, or to acquiesce 4
deterioration. We have lost ground, slipped, le
falieu ; but we have no doubt India will soon-
ours in a sense in which it has never been before'

rtqll
DEFEAT of MR. BICSSSME'R'S AME.RI,

P 4 PENT.

In America, a, patent granted for an invenliall,h 1e
liable to be set aside if it can be shown' that
patentees has been anticipated by a previous
ventor. This regulation has lead to the defal_tioa
Mr. Besserker's American patent for the invelp.th
which produced so much excitement a twelvereal3ej
since. In our numter for Nov. 8, we menlilg,
that Mr. W. Kelly, of the Suranne Iron'Ort i 3
Kentucky, claimed to be the inventor of 0138ted
called the Bessemer process, and to have tofu:wow
it threo or four years air() to several English 'rely
manutacturers. Mr. Kelly 6 has subsequentli tip
tamed a patent for the process. The •Scietpli-
American informs us that when Mr. Kelly's dice
cation for a patent came up before the Patent se ;
fur examination a pa' eut was refused, of v9tlfest,
an interference was then declared, at his rolia" is'
and the following document, issued by C°ll3l,icll
sinner S. T. Shugart, will show the action l'er"pco
flowed from it :—"ln the matter of interferdeopt
between the patent of Henry Bessemer, of ri°lll-.foli
and the application of William Kelly, 01 "",'ittr
county, Ky., for improvements in the 131-bO
facture of iron and steel, the hearing of If or
was fixed for the first Monday in April
pears that, by the concurrent testimony of ouoia
rolls witnesses, Kelly made this inventiell'iv al
showed it by rawings and experiments as eartde
1847, and tnis testimony appears to be relic
every resi,ect. The patent of Bessemer vras,"bearS
at London, on the 11th of April, 1856, to" ties
Ala e 11th of October, 1855. Priority of isyS it IS
in this case is awarded to said Kelly, an' less
ot dered that a patent be issued accordingly' •$
an appeal be taken within sixty days from cos'
date." " Thus the interference," says 01 wse.
tempoiary, "has bred decided, and Pen'Y to bial
mer's American parent is of no more value eazifik
than so much waste paper."—Mechanics' .IY-161.1

The Elbenflacl Gazette states that a postal oon,ve:i3ower°
has just been concluded between Austria aud ;;,trie
°
and that the rate of postage between the two -
will receive a sensible diminution.

1Y1(

tinvinii
thus sui
cornizoi

_A fAi r

Demera

Rnited
"Ited

Al al) anil
ar• Ylan
af3sach
kiasissi
uPaiondi
•uus •
881
e4IIIBYI
1▪ 111834
'ente
18 n/

toot°,
liontre;

)3RI

Runk
3 per
New

/18
b 1
ttll
4: Irk

r►atc

singu-
more

ises of
onablo
-Et COlll-

OUT
fort in
Aisbed
y, and
Ll des-
Le who
shade
•Chief,
)ire so
system
le Art ry
a false
It has
savers ;
in tell.
angers.
years.

e were
thr, ad.
ermere
13 _Like
he Sut-
o could
apinst

intense
ie imen-
f every

before•

KR f CAII

A 6°13
)nv-u
ce
co un
frAtrieo
n