The Sun.
London, England, 1857-10-17 00:00:00

LONDON, SA fURDAY .EVENING, OCITOBER 17, 1857.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE
PROMOTION OF SOCIAL SCThNOE.

BIRMINGHAM, THURSDAY.
Last even!ng, tlio Mayor, (Mr. John Rateliff)
entertained at dinner about 200 guests—townsmen
.and members of the association at Dee's Royal
Hotel. Among those present were Lord Brougham,
Lord J. Russell, Lord Ward, Earl Talbot, Lord
Calthorpe, Lord SI anley, Lord Ingestre, Lord
Alfred , Churchill, Sir J. Pakington, Mr. W. F.
Cowper, 1V1.P., Sir Thomas Winnington, ALP., Sir
Charles Hastings, Mr. W. Scholefield, M. P., Mr.
C. B. Adderley, M.P., Mr. R. Hanbury, M.P.,
Mr. Slaney, M.P., Mr. E. Akroyd, M.P.,
Sir B. Brodie, Dr. Livingstone, the Honourable
and Rev. G. M. Yorke, Dr. Playfair, Dr.
Begg, the the Recorder of Birmingham, the Rev.
Sydney Turner, Dr. Conolly, Mr. Arthur Helps,
Mr. 0. Dawson, the Rev. Canon Miller, Mr. C.
H. Bracebridge, Mr. J. F. Winfield, Archdeacon
Sandford, &c.
After the usual loyal toasts, the Mayor (who oc-
cupied the chair) gave " the Army and Navy,"
which was received with special honour lay those
present.
Colonel GORDON and Earl TALBOT acknowledged
the toast. The mention of General Havelock's
name by the noble earl was followed by a bura't of
cheering.
The MAYOR gave, " Lord Brougham and the
National As4ociation for the Advancement of So-
.dial Science."

Lord BnoucaAm said,—Allow mo-to tender my
very best and heartiest thanks, first to you Mr.Mlyor,
for the kind hospitality with which . you have re-
ceived me here to-day next, for the kind mention
of the association which you have been pleased to
make in giving this toast ; and then to return; my
grat,;ful thanks to this large and most respectable
company for the manner in which they have been
pleased to receive that proposal. We owe to you,
Mr. Mayor, and to this great town the signal ad-
vantage of laying our new institution originated in
the capital of the midland counties—the renowned
capital of one of the two great branches of British
industry, illustrated still more, permit me to add, by
having been the residence and the seat of the disco-
veries and inventions of some of the greatest benefac-
tors of mankind, who have gained for themselves im-
mortal fame and sited ever enduring blessings upon
their countryand their kind by their prodigious dis-
coveries in science and inventions in the arts. Let
me only add my fervent hope, as well as confident
expectation, that the fame of this great mass of art,
of science, of manufacture., may be yet further ex-
tended by the progress which we shall see made in'
those sciences in which humanity has the nearest
and the dearest interest in consequence of the
foundation which you have allowed us here to lay
of this association. (Loud cheers.)
"The House of Lords" was proposed by, Mr.
COWPER, M.P., and responded to by Lord WARD.
Sir B. BRODIE proposed " The House of Com-
mons," coupling with the toast the name of 'Lord
John Russell.

Lord J. RussEL—l beg leave to return thanks
in the name of the House of Commons for the

honour you have just done it. It may seem
nth the House of Commons is not very tho-
roughly associated with the pursuit of social
science, because it so happens that that
House in the discharge of its many functions and
labours usually devots the early part of its sittings
to the consideration of the expenditure of the State,
the taxes which it is necessary to maintain and im-
pose, and to various other matters, some of them
of them of no great consequence, while it is not un-
til the weather is growing hot and men's attention
is pretty well exhausted that we find time to attend
to questions of social science. (Hear, hear, and
laughter.) That has been the case, lam afraid, for
many years past. I hope that it will not continue
formany years to come, but that some better arrange-
ment will be made for transacting the business of
the House of Commons. But, gentlemen, in speak-
ing for the House of Commons at the present
time, you may permit me to glance, and to
glance only, at what may be their occupation in the
next session. I trust it will not be their occupa-
tion to find the means, either in the shape of men
or money, for putting an end to the mutiny in
India. (Hear, hear.) The House of Commons has
shown its readiness to pass any vote, whether for
peen or for money, for that purpose, but I trust
that by the month of January or of February,
when Parliament will meet again, we shall have
the assurance that that, sanguinary mutiny and
rebellion has been entirely suppressed. (Cheers.)
I think that those gallant men who have been
mentioned to-night by Earl Talbot—Havelock,
Nicholson, Neill—will but need as reinforcements
those troops which are already pouring in both
from our colonies and from the United King-
dom, to enable thorn entirely to suppress the
revolt of those who, even at present, pith alt
the advantage of surprise, with all the advantages
of tenfold numbers, have been totally unable to
meet British soldiers in the field. (Loud cheers.)
Trusting, then, we shall hear that the mutiny has
been suppressed, I trust we shall likewise hear that
justice has been done. -For, gentlemen, lam not
ashamed to say that, ea when I hear of a single
murder in this country—and unhappily, they are
too frequently heard of—se when I hear of the
murder of a man, a woman, or a child, I entertain
no vindictive spirit, but at the same time desire
that the murderer may be brought to justice and
made to atone for his crime ; so likewise when
I hear of murders of unexampled atrocity and
magnitude I wish to see the murderers of hundreds
adequately punished. (Cheers.) Let us reflect
that them has been no extenuation for these crimes
—crimes as great as human nature is capable of
committing ; indeed, a few weeks ago I should
have said crimes which human nature is incapable
of committing." (Rear.) At the same time it is
my hope, and no doubt the hope of all of us, that
justice will be performed with discrimination. For
~instance, one account which I saw mentions a guard
ofSepoys who had protected our officers and their
wives fur a certain distance, and then left them in a
safe elate to join the re'-els. They should not be
treated in the same way as the murderers I have
spoken of ; but I feel sure—such is the sentiment
of British soldiers, such is the sentiment of the
British nation —we may trust that, great as the
prttvocation has been, no more than justice will be
performed. (Hoar) If, therefore, gentlemen, we
shall have heard that the mutiny has been sup-
prepsed and justice has been done, we shall still have
a great task before us, a task which it will be for us
by and by to consider, which it will be impossible to
anticipate now, and which it would be unwise to
anticipate if it were possible to do so—namely,
the consideration of what inqniry should be made as
to the past, and in what way the government of
India should ho modified for the future. In regard

to that last questio-n,fi;;; already Waid all that it
is possible to say now; but this, I must confess,
weighs upon my mind :—I think it is a humiliating
reflection that a hundred years after the victory of
Plessey those whom we have ruled and whom we
no doubt wished to civilise—for I believe there
never was a Government more benevolent in its in-
tentions than the Government of India—should be

found with hearts so inhuman and dispositions so
savage. Let us hope that, if the government of India
is entrusted to us by an Almighty Providence, the
results of that government may be more satisfactsey,
and that under our rule these 200,000,000 people
will be brought to know thoroughly what is the re-
ligion we profess, and what is the degree of civilisa-
tion to which we have attained. (Hear, hear.) It
only now remains for me to thank the Mayor and
other gentlemen for the reception they have given
to the association which has met here. I do
trust that great amendments in the law, with great
Hocia! progress, may arise out of it. At all events,
it will be a satisfaction to those wbo belong to this
association to have inaugurated it under the au-
spices of one who from the commencement of his
political life has exhibited such proofs of his regard
for the welfare of the people. (Cheers.) So far I
have spoken for the House of Commons and this
association. You will, perhaps, permit me to make
only this remark regarding myself :—I am very
sensitive that the compliments you have paid me
are far higher than I iu any way deserve, but I will
say that those opinions in favour of liberty and pro-
gress which are attributed to me have not only Lot
been modified, but have been strengthened in after
life. (Cheers.)
Lord BROUGHAM proposed the health of the
Mayor, and spoke warmly of his munificent hospi-
tality, and the countenance and support which ho
had given to the association.
The MAYOR having acknowledged the compliment,
Mr. ARTHUR HELPS (in the absence of Sir F.
Kelly, who was unable to be present owing to a rail-
way detention) proposed the health of the Vice-
President. He was one of those who looked with
especial interest upon the part of social science
which was likely 'to promote the interests of the
poor. Pride of birth was very common among
Englishmen, and, for himself, he owed that he had
rather be a very mediocre man of letters is Eng-
land than a first-rate litterateur in a foreign land.
He feared, however, when he sometimes looked at
the wretched blocks of houses in large towns, that

the working‘classes had hot an,equil reason to re-
share fairly in the- social blessing joice in their native' and -that. they did net
which
try at large enjoyed. (Ele tr.). This inequality, he
trusted, would be Qtle of the labours of the new
association-to remove. (Hear.)
the court-
The REconimit of Birmingliain (Mr. M. D.
acknnwledged the toast, atid in the name of the
15),00) inhabitant) of the Midland metropolis,
expresso I a hope that science and philanthropy,
alied in the asso&atlon whi h had just been inau-
gurAtel, would never be divorcel, and that fu-
ture meetings would be r- d lent of the same benefit
that had attended the prO.,,ent Congres.!
Mr. A D DERLEY . M. 1%, propo*A Lo:d Stanley
and the Vivitors."
-Lo. d STANLEY cs )uld, with sincere and hearty
thanks, say that never did men coming on any
errand of this kind meat wi'h a warmer and more
e•trdial reception. Some associations, like some
individuals,
i" aiming at more than they could at-
tain, accomplish.i nothing. Now, in seeking the
promotion of social sc'ence, he did not think they
should develope ideas
which were absolutely new,
but they' ditl hope to dlffu,eieeas which were already
known t) a feW, but could not, for want of a wider
extension and appreciation, be practically applied
for the bsnefit of the classes, whom they most con-
cerned. In India it often happened that the evils
of famine Were, for the want of adequate means of
communication, felt in large districts •of country,
while others wore exempt from these evils. In like
manner intellectual famine was
oft n experienced

fr.nn the ab;ence of pr:4)oropportunities.for the in-
terch•ange of thought. This state of things avocia
Cons liki the iireiew. wore admirably calculated to
remove. Alluding to the town in which they
were a,.setnbled, he observe 1 that from various cir-
cumstances he had always taken till warmest in-

tere4t in the great fooi. and cantras •of manufaetur-
ing industry, and believed --that their populations
enjoyed upon the' whole the greatest degree both of
happiness arid freedom of thought. In conclusion
he complimented the people of the manufacturing
districts upon their independent spirit—which he
hoped would be preserved and cherished—in not
calling upon the Givernment to help them in any
matter in which they could help themselves.
Amoug the other toasts given were The
Presidents of Department," prapoed by Dr. Play
fair, and responded to by Sir J. Pakington ;
-
" Success to the Town and Trade of Birmingham,"
proposad by the r:ght hon. bAronet ; "The Mem-
bers for the Borough and the Northern Division of
hr) Co uuty ," mice owledged. by Mr. W. S c ole-
field ; " Tho Corporation of Birmingham ;" and
" The Local Secretaries, with the Secretaries of
Departments." •

the school,: since 1835, 48 college scholarships and
12 fellowships. The following. scholarships and
prizes, open to the whole university, have beerl
gained by pupils of King Elward's Grammar School
sines 1835 :—The Craven - scholarship,. once ; th
Battle scholarship, once ; Bell's scholarship (limitei
to sons of clergymen), four times ; the Chance Pol
gold medals for classical learning—first medal, four
times ; second medal, once ; members' prize for
best Latin essay, three times ; Norrisi'in prize fa
theological essay, twice ; Brown's medal for Greek
ode, twice ; the Chancellor's gold medal for legil
tl
studies, once in 1857, being the only occasion 0 i
which it has been awarded; moral philosophy priz ,
once ; Cain's Greek Test inient pr.z si- founded i a
1854, twice ; Scholefield prize for Biblical Greeli,
once in 1857, the first year in which it was awarded.
Tile one student who Went to Dublin was a univeE-.
sity sch,lar and prizeman, senior inoclera or Auld
gold medallist. After remarking that of the subse-
quentl career of the boys in the English school, o
account could be given fur ther than that they pass d
outn. due course to pursue the avocations fur whi, la
the" were intended, th 3 report says :—" llitherio
there has been one great middle class Of society wit()
are not destined-for college. There is no definite
object set before them corresponding' to the dis-
tinctions and rewards given them by the 11111VOrk
ties. Then their studies want. both stimulus and
guidance: We may hope that these will both be
supplied by the middle class examinations abou`tto
he instituted by the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge. 1n .regard to the elementary schoolr,
it may Ellffi eiit a say that they are frequented, ehielly
by Vie children of small tradesmen and respectable
artisans. Tae average age of the b -ayes in the scliO )1
is 11 years, and *Utile girls nearly 12 years. ';lie
numerical differencebet weentheEstablished Church
and other religiqus denominations is less than in the
grammar schools, the proportion being only. 2.1."

DEPARTMENT M.-PUNISHMENT
AND REFORMATIO.N.
SHORT IMPRISON➢fENTS.

After the reading of a paper, and some discus-
sion, in which it WAS urged that- punishments for
offences should aim more at reformation than ven-
geance, and Northern Australia was recommended
as a fitting place for transportation, the Rev: J.
Field, chaplain of Reading Gaol, read a paper on.
"Sheet Imprisonment's as oonnected with the Cri-
minal Justice Act," is which ho warmly contended
against the impo'icy of short periods of imprison-
ment, considered with a view:to either the preven-
tion of crime or the amendment of the criminal,
and maintained that -the new act, on which he ani-
madverted, was defective in principle and opera-
tion, and calculated in many instances to give the
offender almost unconditional impunity. He had
found in Berkshire, the county with which he was
most familiar, that since the Criminal Justice Act
came into force there had been three times the
number of se„-iond convictions that had previously
occurred within a corresponding period, the number
of such re convictions 'being relatively 12 per cent.
and 4 per cant.

PIUOK 4D. STAMPILD 5 u •11

period, after deducting the loss from cholera in 1849
and 1854, per 1,000 11.5 •, do. in the waterside -de-
part:me:it from all causes during mine period, 11.9.
Dr. 11I‘William concludes his paper by alluding to
some beneficial cliang;e3 that had b3en effected in the
.service. In 1854, he said,:a most important modi-
fication of the system of paying rdi'tcera was adopti.ed
in the waterguari. .Before that time it Was the
custom to remunerate the subordinate officers-by a
corntinat ion of ,glary and day pay, the latter, which
formed the largest portion of their income, being
b.tepped.when sickness or other cause required ab-
sence-from dety. On the recommendation of the
Board of Cu-toms the Lords of the Treasury sanc-
tioned the augmentation of the certain part of the
income—the salary=and a proportionate reduCtion
of - the day pay. An officer when sick or on
leave now loses only a small part of his income,
and.thus is enabled to meet the extra expenses in-
curredand to' enjoy his holidaT
du ing sickness,
in -contentment. In 1855 the same indulgence
was extend-td to the day-pay officers of the waterside
department, and indeed to all day-pay officers in
London and in the outports, and with the most
salutary effect. In common with other departments
of the civil service, the Customs has of late received
two great concessions from the Government. The
first opens up. to subordinate officers a new and ho-
nourable field of ambition, by admitting them to
competition for several superior offices, from which
they were tormeily stint out. This, as was to be
expected, has excited a whol'some spirit of fonula •
tion and of pride in the service, which cannot fail
to be at .ended with the most beneficial results ; and
the other, the abolition of the superannuation tax
(a meamre which benefits all classes who have en-
tered the service since 1829)_whatover diversity of
opinion there -may have been as to its 'propriety,
has to iny knowledge, alrea-iy- borne good fruit in
having enabled niaey subordinate officers to insure
their lives who could not otherwise have done so ;
and in other respects stimulating and en .ouraging
provident habits among the .classes whom it re-
lieved.

TER EARL OF ELLENBOROUGH ON TILE

INDIAN CRISIS.

The Earl of Ellenb3rough ham addressed the fol-
Lowing letter t ) the members of the Wineheomb

Agricultural Association :
•'Southam Delabere, Oct. 16, 1857.
" Gentleme.),—l much regret my not being able
to attend -your annual meeting to-day, the more
especially as I was desirous of speaking to you upon
the subject nearest my heart—the war in ludia—
and of
,urging you to assist, as you and all.country,
gentlemen and farmers can, most powerfully, in
bringing the country through the difficulties in
which it is involved.

"Not having the opportunity of addressing you
otherwise, I now write to you.
"As to the war itself I need say but little. As
to the conduct of the Ministers and of tho India

. -
Government in this emergency, 1 shall say nothing.
I must soon have ample'and more proper opportu-
nitiesof saying whatever I may think upon that

subject.
"Gentlemen, you may not have looked into all
-the details of what has taken place in India, but
but you must know this—that we have there a
great war forced upon us by rebels who. would de-
prive all our countrymen of their lives, and Eng-
land of an empire—Ahat where `we placed our con-
fidence, we have been met with treachery—where

where We acted with kindness, we have encoun-

tared murder—murder,• not directed only wraiust
men by whom resistance might be made, and from
whom wrongs might have been feared, but extending
equally to unottending, helpless women—to the
children at their knees, and to the infants at their
breasts—sparing none, and often inflicting death
with torture upon the body where it had already
more cruelly tortured the mind.

" We have seen there, in almost every instance
of mutiny, ono general deliberate design, not only
to deprive us of the dominion we have se long held
with honour, but to place us, as a people, under

circumstances of outrage and of indignity, which,
if we submit to them, must render us, in the eyes

all living men and of all future generations, a de-
spised and degraded race. Will you submit to this?
You will say you never will—you will have redress

and vengean- ee. We will say- nothing about ven-
gPance—that belongs only to a Higher Power ;
hut io punish crime so signally as to deter ali.
hereafter from its commission, and to vindicateour
sovereign authority, this is no doubt our right, and
it is our duty—and you will say you will not be
f Auld wanting in the performance of it—but, then,
what will you de ? Depend upon it, it is not enough
to sit quietly at home and to pay taxes, nor to go
to public meetings and pass resolutions expressive
of sympathy with the sufferers and of indignation
against their destroyers. You must do more than
thi., and I will tell you what you can do—what
none but those who are in your position can do
equally well, and what you pow all ought to do for
the honour of the country, and for your own.
" You have heard of the great reinforcements of
troops which have been recently sent or are now
going out to India. You have been assured that we
shall have there a larger army than we had in the
Crimea, and Ldara say you expect from the oxer-
dons of this.foree early and complete success in the
war. Everything that the noblest of soldiers can do
has been done, And will be dune by ours in India; and

they have now a general who knows well what war
is—the lions are at last led by a lion—but be ss-
sured that this is net a sudden temporary danger to
Ise repelled by sudden temporary exertion. 'What
at first was a mutiny is become a revolution ; to re-
store civil authority is more diffieult than to repress
military resistance, and it requires more force to
occupy than it does to subdue. Be assured that the
military institutions of this country, managed as
they now are, aro insufficient permanently to sup-
ply the number of mon required to reconquer what
we have lost, and to hold our empire hereafter in
security. It is only through a change in those in-
stitutimp, which no minister would willingly pro-
pose, or through a great practical improvement in
the woreing of them, which your co-operation may
supply, that the necessary force can be maintained.
I am satisfied that the principle upon which our
militia is now founded, that of voluntary enlist-
ment, is the one most acceptable to the people, and
I feel-assured that a militia maintained at its full
complement, as it may be, and can only be, by the
patriotic exertions of country gentlemen and far-
mers, is the best foundation of our military system.
if you and such as you will, by your efforts, keep
the militia up to its complement, the regular army
will take care of itself. It may coat more to draw
the recruit for the army through the militia, but
the recruit so obtained is in most cases one who
would not have been procured at all unless he had
first entered the militia, and there acquired a taste
for military service. Employ in the obtaining of
recruits for the militia but half the zeal you would
display in getting votes at an election, and you will
certainly succeed. A hundred recruiting sergeants
could not do what each of you can do within the
sphere of his personal influence.
" When I tell you that you have this power, I
speak from my own experience. When the militia,
as now constituted, was first established in 1853. I
took much interest in the'sllCCess of the measure,
and I earnestly requested several farmers I was
acquainted with to do their utmost to obtain re- ,
emits. Some zealously exerted themselves, others'
were more lukewarm ; but in every instance in
which an influential farmer cordially undertook the
duty, the result was uniformly the same ; and I am
convinced that, if all who could have done so, had
acted as some did, the country could in that year
have raised, not between 50,000 and 60,000, but
not less than 120,000 men.
" No doubt you would be greatly aided in your
exertions to obtain recruits if the militia of the
county should ba embodied. Men will more wil-
lingly enlist in a regiment they can so marching
with all the pomp and circumstance of war, then in
a corps which remains invisible, and of which the
existence is only to be found in official records. But,
let others do as they may, it is for you to do you:
duty. Where you lead others will follow, and while
you do much good by 'your individual efforts, you
will do yet more by your example.
" I ask you only to do what I know you can do,
and what 1 feel you ought to do for the assistance
of the country in this critical juncture of our affairs.
" It is impossible to over-estimate its importance.
There is nothing man holds dear for which we have.
not now to fight. If we should not bear ourselves
manfully in the contest thus forced upon us, if we
should not succeed in it, we must be content not
only to lose the noblest empire in the world, but to
make the name of Englishman a byeword of shame
amongst'T nations,
"The wives and daughters of our countrymen
have been publicly violated, their children have
been put to death with circumstances of cruelty sur-
t' passine all we read of in history as the punishments
inflicted by God upon the offending Jews. It has
not been deemed sufficient to destroy us. We were.
first to be dishonoured, and this in a country through
which we have proudly—perhaps too proudly—
stalked as conquerors for a hundred years.
" Do you suppose that, if we could submit to this

r 4 -
in India, esh uld nct be tliro 4,11(AI- ?thv
Ew,,dand ? _Do you imagine +1.6
.7feiS.-t,
POWOTS Of Europe,
by our pride, resen!ful of our forineit
coveting our precent vrealth, would idri
to enjoy in 1-.(1-t\lo the -
dreams of irresistible stre.ngth hi. 1.040
iaduike Be:'assined tl,at if,
necessity eve:. imposfil upon ;11. 1., 'lvalVo S
rise as ono rain to vindlea'o our
:mato re-establish our Indic :ri el:Il:J.:, the horrors
we read of with shuddcriog as 1 erpetr-ted 'at me.
'rut and at Delhi, will not for eve: Le avertl,:d fiont
our island home.

give at once your
"I couns,el you, therefore, to
eardial assistance, as you best cut give-it., to the
country. In the prosef:ution f this contest which
we cannot avoid—the greatest and the most diffi-
cult in which we have ever been engaged—it will
not do to confine ourselves to a cold compliance with
what may be require:l from ui by the law. To suc-
ceed in this war, the people must make it its own.
I remain, gentlemen, with much regard, your
very flitliful servant,

"ELLENBOROCGII."

BUSSIA AND CRINA.

Tim intensity of the interest with which we are
naturally enough watching the events in India
ought not to lead us to overlook what Rus'ia is
doing, particularly in connexion with our own
Oriental complicatiqns. A recent article of the
Northern Bee gives one an insight into the inten-
Ucle;:rthieaglunsepiegnlisbioonuor.f
oTfrl:ne,,i.cv\reo,r,
ti )us of the Rassian empire with referourc.) t) its
plielerartnioßn:cons tiYhos part of
the English against Clina and the conoentrattna of all
their efforts on the pacific settlement of the conflict that
has broken out have very materially increased., the erre-
gance of the Chinese. To j udge by appearances the latter are
goite ready just now to declare war against all Europe
without making any distinction between oil friends and
new enemies. The procrastinating course of the
has imparted quite a new turn to the line of thought of
the Pekin Government, which even before this enter-
tained an erraordinarily high opinion of the strength of
the Chinese State and of its importance to the rest of the
world. The Governor of Canton has hitherto found it
very easy to convince his Government of the efficiency
of hie measures against the .English, the more so as the
latt,er have, for want of weans, not bad it in their power
to inflict a decisive blow on China. The botnbardment
of Canton was more iejurious to the Europear a trading
there than it was to the prestige of the Pekin Go.
vernment in the eyes of the rnaj Tity of its subjects ;
the trade that is stil being carried on nninter-
uptedly at Shanghai, Wharnpna, and other, places on
the coast convinces them of this. It shows how
in dipensable we are to the Europeans,' ssy the Chinese
when they leave no stone unturned to maintain their
trade and their relations with us.' In the interest of
all Europe, for the vindication of the superiority of
our civilisation as compared wits the Chinese, it is indis-
pensably necessary to make good this-failure of the
English to the best of cur power, and by energetic
oteasures convince the Chinese, once for all, of the supc-
rierity of Europe over their country. To this end
the opening of direct negotiations with the Pekin Go-
vernment, as well as of a coure of action towards it
without the intermediation of the provincial governor,
is urgently necessary,"

The practical corollary to this reasoning is to ho
found in the announcement of the Nord that Ad-
miral Putiatin has received orders to repair to
Shanghai with the Amoor fleet, which, after its
arrival there is to be reinforced by five light vessels
of war. The Admiral had at an earlier period been
intrusted, with an extraordinary mission to Pekin,
but the Chinese Government had refused t) receive
him. The road thither is therefore now to be
opened up by other means.
The loss of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea is

being rapidly made up to Russia by tLe creafon of
a fleet in. the Pacific ()cern ; Seha•topol is being
:compensate 1 for by Okhotsk, Nicolaeff is finding
a parallel iu the arsenars crec ing up the mouth of
the Amoor, and very probably we shall soon he .r of
a now harbour -I);_,ing constructed on the island of
Sughalien, if we may judge from the reports that are
being sent in from time to time ti the Petersburg
Academy by Leopold Sehreuk, who is now examin-
ing into the resources of that island by command of
the Russian Government. Instead of the one
"sick man," Turkey, Russia his now got two
patents to look after—China and Japan.
The tendency and colouring of the news which
the French journals also publish in connexion with
China indicate an inclination on the gait of France
to join with Russia and England in common mea-
sures against theGovernm9nt of the Celestial Em-

pire, which seems to ba indulging just now i; most
overweening arrogance towards we terrestrials in
the West. The Portuguese lorcha Amazana, as we
learn from the Pays, has lately brought over
copy of the last prociamation of the Viceroy of
Canton. In full knowledge of what h.ls drawn off
our attention from him towards India, our old
friend Ye,h informs the populati'm far and near that
the " barbarians," terrified at his military prepara-
tions and at the mere sight of his army,. as numer-
ous as the leaves of the trees that flourish in the

fort of the Empire, have been compelled to
embark, and return to the place whence they came.
lie adds that a now Chinese fleet will soon put out

to sea and sweep it of the hostile barks. The pro-
clamation closes with very coarse invectives against
all foreigners without distinction, and with the
notification of a fresh extraordinary tax, which
must bs paid up within ton days of the publication
of that proclamation, for tha support of the Im-
perial troops. •

ADMINISTRATION OF THE POOR LAW
IN ST. MARYLEBONE.

Yesterday the ordinary weakly meeting of the
guardians and directors of the poor of the parish of
St. Marylebone was held in the board room of the
workhouse, Northumberhn d-street, New-load
Ur. Charles Beevor io the chair.