The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-29 00:00:00

.NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Reproductfoli 01 "The Colleen Hawn. " The Adelphi
"Census " eyery Eyenine..
THIS EVENING, lst time of a new Farce, entitled A
TURKISH BATH. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. P. Bedford.
After which (186th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr.
D. Bonoicault, D. /fisher, Billiton, Falconer, Stephenson,
C. J. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boucicault, Miss
Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley.
To be followed by a new aropos Sketch, THE CEUS.
Messrs. J. 1.. Toole, Itburne, Romer, C. J. Smith ;N Miss
Kate Kelly, Miss E. Thorne, and Mrs. Chatterley.
Doors open at half put 8--Commenoe at 7.

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERT s !!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor........C. Morton.
A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,
(This opera has never been produced in this or fuyother
country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
aided success which oharactise 4 the most p_opui ar weeks of
this great Master, will be performed Eyyty_EITENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGIAA DEL REGGI-
ENTO, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madameprum Mmarioan,d,Mainsds
Tyrrell, Mr. IL Herbert. Signor Tivoli, H.
C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department oomprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth. J. Blanchard,
. • Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery cf the
Establishment.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—MOI7I/21g, 4h. 48m.—Afternoon, sh. 13m.
To-Ntonßow.-Horning, 51.37m.—Afternoon, 6h. 4m.

TEM WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, APRIL 28, 1061.
THERMORRTRR, IN TIER MIAMI.
39—highest since noon yesterday.
33—lowest this morning and during the night. Sharp
frost in the night.
49—this day at noon.
BAROMITER--30'10.
WIND—Wobt.-North-Westerly— moderate ; with fair
weather.

Arum 29.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAMS.
53—highest since noon yesterday.
39—lowest this morning and during the night.
49—this day at noon.

BARO3iBTER-30.23.
WIND - North-Easterly—rather fresh ; with cloudy
weather.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 29, 1881.

Another arrival from America brings information
of the President's response to the fall of Fort
Sumter—it is tantamount to a declaration of
war against Rebellion. In this proclamation
which the President specifies by name seven seced-
ing States, and declares that they have now for
some time opposed the due execution of the laws
by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by
the ordinary means, and that he therefore calls
forth the Militia of the States to the aggregate
number of 75,000 men. He also finds in the
present state of affairs an extraordinary occasion,
such as was contemplated by the Constitution, for
summoning a special Congress, which he calls
accordingly—not, however, at once, but for the
4th of July-.
This is what he has done. If we ask his object
in all this, he tells us that it is "to maintain the
power, the integrity, and the existence of our
national Union, and the perpetuity of popular Go-
vernment, and to redress wrongs already long
enough endured. That his first practical effort
will " probably be to repossess the forts, places,
and property which have been seized from the
Union," in doing which all possible care will be
taken to avoid injury to property and to all
peaceable persons, Those who have entered into
the combinations denounced by the proclamation
are warned to retire peaceably from them within
twenty days from its date, (the 15th of April.)
His purpose in calling the Congress together is " to
consider and determine such measures, as in their
wisdom the public safety and interest may seem
to demand.
Thus, as far as the words of a solemn public docu-
ment are concerned, war is declared ; the 75,000
militia are" to suppress said combinations, and to
cause the laws to be duly executed," and with the
halting ;word " probably," the reconquest of the
forts, and regaining of all federal property is
announced as one of the first measures to be at-
tempted. Looking impartially at all the 'Axe.
stances, there seems to have been a desire on each
side to provoke or tempt the other to be the first
to commence war. If it were so, Mr. LINCOLN has
been the cleverer, for he has led the Southerns
across the American Ticino, and they have to bear
the blame of firing the first shot, with, however,
the unparalleled result of killing, almost of wound-
ing, none on either side. The blood of Federal
troops has not been shed, but a federal fort is in the
hands of the Confederation. The commencement
of the war wants, happily, one of the most irritat-
ing things in such cases ; yet, it was as truly an
outrage on the Flag of the Union, and a declara-
tion-of war on the part of the Seceders, as if the
garrison had been, as all. M. LAmARTINE's defeated
armies were," decimated." The PRESIDENT accepts
it in this light. That the defeat was bloodless, was
Accident, or a special Providence, according to one's
creed; that the United States have been defeated in
a petty encennter, is the undeniable fact, and the
Ruler, for the time being, of the United States
prepares to redress the disgrace and the wrong.
There is something, however, in the general tone
of the proclamation which suggests the possibility
that immediate action is not likely. Congress was
not to assemble for seven or eight weeks; and the
threat of repossessing himself of the forts, &c., is,
as we have seen, introduced with a qualifying ex-
pression. Mr. LINCOLN may only intend to place
himself in the formal position which the attack on
the fort required, and may especially have had in
view the threatened attack on Washington itself.
Should such an act be ventured by the Southerners,
11110 are desperate enough for almost anything,
then, indeed, we might expect a long, exhausting,
and bloody strife, which would enfeeble the entire
States, am
end in a rising of the slaves and the
extermination, or possibly flight of the greater part
of the Southern whites. It would infuriate the
North, and pas •
4lon would overpower every pru
dential conside.ratioth Even as it is, the spirit of
the North is rling fea r (Illy. Perhaps one of the
most striking indications
of this is, that Senator
DOUGLAS) Mr. L iNcoLN'anta
and after fully avowing g,onis t" , called on him,
political differences to
be as &tided as c s er, tom the President that he was
prepared
.to sustain him in all his constitutional
Union ; that a firm policy
efforts to preserve the
and prompt action were necessary ;that the capital
was in danger, and must be protected at all hazards
and at any cot t, and DOUGLA6' Iriends are said to
rejoice in the course which lie has taken. The
North, we are told, will be as a unit in the support

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baokstone.
THIS EVENING, the perfornaanoes wit!. oommence with
a new and original Comedy, entitled BLACK SHEEP.
Mr. Buokstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, Zcs• ; Kra' Wilkins,
Mrs. Charles Young, Miss Lovell, ,to.
After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and effects, and all the original music by
_ the late Sir Henry
Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE....
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris,
THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. ShOie,
Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leelereq.
Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Pechter. Sup-
ported by Hermann Vain, Ryder, Meadows, ; Misses
Reath, Elaworthy, and R. Leelereq.

GARIBALDI, as we intimated on Saturday, has
nobly closed his recent contentions at Turin by a
general and magnanimous reconciliation. He has
come to a satisfactory understanding at last with
CATOUR--he has again grasped the hand of fellow-
ship with CIALDINI. But—at the same time it
should be remembered—he has boldly and frankly
spoken out the whole truth to each of them. He
has done this before the Italian Parliament. He
has done this consequently;so to speak, in the sight
and in the hearing of all Christendom. GARIBALDI'S
reconciliation, therefore, must be regarded in no
way whatever as a mere compromise. He has car-
ried his point throughout. His opinions remain
the same in regard to the infamous cession of Nice
and Savoy—that most discreditable act by which
Count CAVOI,R rendered GARIBALDI, as the latter
himself expressed it—rendered GARIBALDI, of all
the men in the wide world, " A foreigner in
his own country." Upon that atrocious con-
cession of CAVOUR'S to the territorial
greed of the French EMPEROR, GARIBALDI
still looks back with scorn and indignation.
He still bears painfully in remembrance the
notorious fact, that he has been allowed
to fight the battle of Italy all along so far in
the French EMPEROR'S eyes upon sufferance.
Have any of us forgotten how in his Imperial
MAJESTY'S despatches from the battle plains of
Lombardy, the name of GARIBALDI, fighting
grandly though he was all the while under the
southern shadow of the Carpathians, was meanly,
despicably tabooed altogether. Not one syllable
of comment, to say nothing of generous tribute, was
ever penned during the whole of the North Italian
Campaign by he Emperor-Generalissimo or by
any one of his MAJESTY'S Marshal-Lieutenants in
reference to that dauntless hero, who upon the skirts
of the vast army of the Allies was performing day
by day prodigies of valour, at the head of his
little band of Volunteers—since famous in both
hemispheres as the Garibaldians. Not one syllable
of comment, to say nothing of a tribute at once
eulogistic and magnanimous! Again—GARIBALDI
has not forgotton, cannot, we may be quite, certain
of this, very easily lose the recollection of the man-
ner in which he was ecnstrained to cast the whole
fortunes of the Italian War of Independence upon
the hazard of a die, when, quitting Genoa with his
daring phalanx of followers, he hastened Persius-
like southwards to release Sicily as the new An-
dromeda. Uncountenanced by France, and—by
reason of the French policy—unaided overtly by
Sardinia, GARIBALDI, when he left the bay of
Genoa on his voyage to Marsala, might have echoed
the words of JULIUS to the seamen,Ccesarem vehis !
Upon that one man everything was then depen-
dent, upon his sword, Italia, but trusting at that
crisis in her destiny confident that it would prove
no broken reed under her hand, but that it and it
alone would be found capable when the
hour had struck of cleaving in twain at a
blow the Gordian Knot of her difficulties.
After the accomplishment of that wonderful
enterprise, when, under the guidance of GARIBALDI,
a mere handful of men had compelled a royal army,
twenty thousand strong, to lay down its arms and
yield up the Sicilian soil entirely to its thousand.
deliverers —when, a little later on, GARIBALDI alone,
without his Garibaldians, had taken train for
Naples, and there entered the capital of the Southern
Italian Kingdom, though seemingly a mere ordi-
nary railway traveller, as a conqueror and a
deliverer--after the accomplishment of that won-
derful enterprise we all remembered how literally
this great man emulated the self-abnegation
of a CINCINNATITS and a WASHINGTON

of any measures the Government may take, and the
leaders of all parties are enthusiastic for vigorous
measures until the Rebellion is " crushed cut."
From all the Free States offers of troops to a
greater extent than is required are rapidly
arriving, and it is evident that the public spirit of
the North is kindled to a high degree of intensity
only by the comparatively small affair of Fort
Sumter.
Whether Mr. LINCOLN means to aot with the
decision which some of the facts we have
mentioned appear to indicate, remains to be seen.
He would have no easy task at the beginning; his
preparations are not relatively so advanced as those
of the South ; but should the conflict become
long and serious, his navy, and his resources in
money, and in the power to manufacture military
requisites, must give him an immense advantage.
Nor can we, in this country at least, easily believe
that the moral advantage of being en the side of
justice, of right, of freedom, in ighting with the
scoundrel cause of slavery, will not be an immense
advantage. England cannot forget, we hope even
Manchester will not, that these seven seceded
States are ready to shed blood in defence of
slavery, and of slavery the most cruel and oppres-
sive which ever disgraced the earth. We would
rather bloodshed indeed were avoided, but if war
there must be, the prayer of every Englishman
must ascend to Heaven with that of the negro, and
not with that of his hardened and malignant
oppressor. Let not the South reckon too much on
Lancashire. We need cotton, it is true, but slavery
we cannot endure, and let the consequences to us
be what they might, we believe the vast majority
of Englishmen would rejoice to hear that the result
of a war was that slaveholders were thoroughly
beaten and their slaves emancipated. Cotton we
should soon get elsewhere. Get rid of Sir CHAS.
WOOD for Lord STANLEY, and send Sir JOHN
LAWRENCE to India, and we should soon have
cotton, and in plenty from our own territory. In
any case we do not believe that cotton would long
be wanting. The demand would stimulate in-
genuity and exertion, and it would soon be swept
to our shores, by a wide spread and determined
effort, which needs some such provocative to call
it forth, and thus to terminate the accursed system
for which seven States, full of tyrants far worse
than European Czars, Emperors, and Kings, are
now ready to shed blood.
Exacter accounts of the attack, defence, and sur-
render of Fort Sumter contain many particulars of
interest. One fact may be well worth the attention
of Lord PALMERSTON—the complete success of
rapidly-constructed defences of extemporised mate-
rials. They illustrate the views of General BuR-
GOYNE, confirmed, indeed, as they were by the
achievements of TOTLEBEN, that earthworks and
sand bags may soon be made capable of sustaining
any fire. We are informed that the earthworks
were expressly constructed " that the artillerists
might be protected from the enemy's fire ;" and
that, though " Major ANDERSON'S guns were well
served, yet no one on shore was killed. It is
therefore to science that we must attribute
the bloodless character of this terrific bombardment,
and not to want of skill in the use of guns." New
Orleans and its defence from works constructed of
cotton bags is also called to mind, and the American
writer regards the whole as giving them an admir-
able lesson on the comparative ease of constructing
impregnable coast defences. We hope our Govern-
ments will all consider well what they do before
they sink irrecoverable millions of money on Ports-
down Hill. To meet what is so unlikely to occur as
a hostile attack from thence, JONATHAN has shown
us what we could do at a few hours' notice