The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-22 00:00:00

THE SUM
LONDON; TUESDAY 1r ENING, OCTOBER 22, 1861.
'

formity, even among the regulars in the capital,
and proceeds as follows :--
"I have seen two or three squadrons of cavalry. No two
men were dressed alike. Some wore overcoats, some did
not; some wore flannel jackets, some cloth coats; some hats
with feathers, some hats without feathers ; some regulation
fatigue caps, and some any sort of civilian's cap, or hat ;
some had their coats buttoned, some half buttoned, some
not at all buttoned, and so throughout. The horses were
not well groomed, the saddles and bridles were greasy and
dusty, the bits and plates were tarnished and rusty. And
it is rare that you see anything else than this in the streets
of Washington of the regular cavalry. There is greater
neatness and evidence of care in the infantry when on duty ;
yet I have not seen so much as a squad of the infantry uni-
formly and completely dressed, except a guard at guard-
mounting. The nearest approach to a display that I have
seen was at the funeral of the late Commissary-General
this morning. It was an occasion, if ever, in which full
dress and the fullest military decorum in all respect was to
have been observed. I believe that no part of the cortege
was in full regulation uniform ; in fact, I doubt if there is
such a thing in existence as a full regulation uniform. The
privates all wore fatigue caps. On the same gun-carriage
and on the same seat there were three brown caps and one
blue. In the same platoon of infantry some wore flannel
sacks and some regulation coats. There was a guard of
honour of sergeants attending the hearse. Even these did
not wear the full dress hat. Ono wore a cap-cover, the rest
did not ; another wore his visor up, the rest down ; another
wore a full body uniform, the rest flannel sacks. The only
uniform article was white gloves ; these, I understand, the
men furnish themselves, not the Government. The officers
were not even uniform in this respect; some wore brown
and some yellow, and some white gloves. A line officer of
the infantry wore cavalry gauntlets. Some wore the full-
dress hat, some caps, some cap-covers. One came on the
ground in a brown citizen's overcoat, and took it off and
strapped it to his saddle without dismounting. The officers'
horses were not well groomed nor decently equipped. One
rode past with a parcel in a newspaper strapped behind
his saddle. Some bad English saddles, some the re-
gulation saddles, with all sorts of stirrups and housings,
Some wore stocks, some standing and some rolling collars;
and one young fellow who, I dare say, is gallant and noble,
but whose want of a true sense of military propriety—ac-
eording to my pre-conceived notions about it—gave him a
equirtose look, wore a big white shirt collar turned sailor-
fashion over his coat collar. The hearse driver (the horses
were not led but driven four-in-hand) wore a brown and
battered hat, a greasy coat of streaked and faded snuff-
colour. You rarely see a cart-driver north of Maryland so
shabbily dressed. By his side on the hearse was a black boy
in plantation apparel."

There are even greater eccentricities than these.
Officers may be seen wearing brass spurs, with the
buckle inside the foot, fixed on white canvass shoes,
infantry sabres, whips in their hands, coats wide
open, tunics wide open, unstrapped trousers gathered
up about the knees, long hair floating in the wind,
and mounted on horseback flashing down Pennsyl-
vania avenue. There is at this moment a squadron
of cavalry outside my window, whose saddlery ac-
coutrements, bits, bridles, and uniforms would not
be tolerated in a polk of Cossacks of the Black Sea.
In one or two regiments there is such utter lack
of discipline that the best thing General M'Clellan
could do would be to disband them at once, No
strength is gained by the numbers of the rank and
file in battalions of which the officers are not mas-
ters of themselves or their soldiers. The execution
of the soldier who killed Major Lewis, of his regi-
ment, the other day in Maryland, may deter the
ruffians who have found their way into the ranks,
but its approach has not had any effect if one may
judge from what occurred at, as reported in a
Washington paper, the very same place and in the
same camp last night. A private of the 46th Penn-
sylvania Regiment stepped out of the ranks after
evening parade, shot the Colonel of his regiment
with a revolver in two places, and then shot the
Colonel's son. Neither are mortally wounded, but
it seems unaccountable that he should have been
permitted to fire three or four shots by the men
around him, who must have seen him draw the pis-
tol. It would appear by the papers that an oc-
currence of a similar character, but ending more
tragically, has just taken place in England,
but, there no doubt, justice will soon be
done. Mr. Lincoln hesitates to sign the
order for the execution of the soldier who wounded
his major, and there are even legal doubt's as to
the legality of the court-martial, which may lead to
his being pardoned. But Gen. M'Clellan is in some
measure bound to punish breaches of discipline by
his own orders. His language in the following
order is plain enough :

" Head•quarters, Army of the Potomac,
Washington, Oct. 1,1861.

" General Orders, No. 19.

" The attention of the General commanding has
recently been directed to depredations of an atro-
cious character that hare been committed upon the
persons and property of citizens in Virginia, and
by the troops under his command. The property of
inoffensive people has been lawlessly and violently
taken from them ; their houses broken open, and,
in some instances, burnt to the ground.
" The General is perfectly aware of the fact that
these outrages are perpetrated by a few bad men,
and do not receive the sanction of the mass of the
army. He feels confident, therefore, that all officers
and soldiers who have the interest of the service at
heart, will cordially unite their efforts with his in
endeavouring to suppress practices which disgrace
the name of a soldier.

" The General Commanding directs that, in
future all persons connected with this army who
are detected in depredating upon the property of
citizens shall be arrested and brought to trial; and
he assures all concerned that crimes of such enor-
mity will admit of no remission of the death penalty
which the military law attaches to offences of this
nature.

" When depredations are committed on property
in charge of a guard, the commander, as well as the
other members of the guard, will be held responsi-
ble for the same, as principals, and punished accord-
ingly.
"By command of Major-General M'Clellan.
" S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General.
" Official.—RlCHAßD B. IRVIN, Aide-de-Camp."
There will be a review of the cavalry and guns
at this side of the river to morrow. News there is
none.

The gunboat Steady, which was sent by Lord
Lyons with despatches to Mr. Bunch, at Charleston,
has returned with communications from the Consuls.

BUSINESS AT THE BRITISH LEGATION.

In addition to the extreme pressure of business
on the British Legation, arising from matters con-
nected with the blockade, distressed British sub-
jects, and illegal enlistments, there is now the pass-
port branch, which grows out of the regulation of
the State Department that each British passport
shall be countersigned by Mr. Seward and General
Scott. In the matter of minors there is much
trouble. The War Department appears to be over-
whelmed with work, for there is great delay in
replying to the representations of the British Mi-
nister in such cases, and I believe the Adjutant-
General has absolutely stated that minors will not
be delivered up to their parents although their en-
listment is contrary to law. Sons of British sub-
jects under age have in many instances enlisted
against the wishes of their parents, who suppose the
Legation neglects its duty because the young men
are not at once discharged. In one of the papers
of this city to-day
find the following paragraph,
referring to the collision between the civil and
military authorities on the enlistment question :
"Jeremiah Lyons, a d
the 23d Pennsylvania
Regiment, was on Wednesdayeler in
stthebrouFht before Assistant-
Judge William H. Merrick, of
Circuit Court of this
district, on a writ of habeas corpus; and
was
it appearing from
a a minor, who
the evidence that the said Jeremiah
Lyons
consent of
ordered
entered the service without the knowledg©
ands
hi
his father, Cornelius Lyons, of Baltimore, the Court
his release from all restraint or detention by reason of
s
irregular and void enlistment. After the passage of the
above order of the 2d inst. Jeremiah was again seized and
detained by order of Brigadier-General Graham, command-
ing the brigade to which the said 23d Regiment is attached.
Judge Merrick on Saturday ordered that Brigadier-General
Graham show cause before him at the Circuit Court roam
in the City Hall, on Tuesday (to-morrow), at 12 o'clock,
why a writ of attachment for contempt of court should not
issue against him, and the marshal was directed to serve
the order "
I enclose some general orders, and the Blair and
Fremont correspondence, from which it may be In-
ferred that the General can lose his temper occa-
sionally. The weather is disagreeably warm, and
very stormy and unhealthy. A balloon reconnais-
sance has satisfied General M‘Dowell that the Con-
federates are in great force at Manassas.

READING IN CHURCH.—Congregations have no
right to expect Kembles in the prayer desk any more than
Marion in the choir ; but they have a right to demand what
tz).1,1-ic enjoins, that the minister shall "read distinctly
~Z,tdible voice," so that he may be "heard of all
cannot dot,%tiratc And this but too many of our clergy
Colour( ;d the Pict think th© Times has somewhat over-
vr,due Chronicle.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer.

T HIS EVENING, MY AUNT'S HUSBAND.
Alter which, at Eig,ht o'clock, the new and success-
ful comedy of WOMAN; or, Love against the World.
I Jut racters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin,
Bruton, Mrs. Bowers, Miss Murray,‘nd Miss Lydia Thomp-
son.

T 4 conclude with AN UNPROTECTED FEMALE, in
which Miss Lydia Thompson will danee a New Volunteer
Quick Step.
i 7. Prices as Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at
ince pen daily from 11 till 5.
ill r. SAM ACNOWD
( IANTERBU ii. Y
p.PLINLE every A R
eveningTS GALLERY.a
t Nine
HALL CONCERTS,
tc Eleven.and a quarter
Also, Grand Selections
TROVATORE TR A AVTAT from . NORMA, MARTHA, and
STRADELLA.
By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert,
Signor Tivoli, Mr. sforleY, and a Powerful Cho
The return of Mr. LEVY, who will
erio rue.
brated Airs on the Cornet-a-pistou. P rm several cele-
The Comic department comprise% Messrs. T 1 rvev and
French. " The Nerves "—Mr. Marshall—Mr. Wood and his
talented Son—and Miss Harriet Coveney.
Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans.
Admission—Hall, 6d. ; stets and Balcony, is.

TH E o X F oR D 2
6, OXFORD-STREET.
EVERY EVENING.

A Grand Selection from Auber's New Comic' Opera, " LA
CIRCASSIENNE," by Miss Ernst, Messrs. Greene, IT.
Herbert, and the Company. Also fromlVerdi's new Grand
opera, "Simon Boccancgra," by Miss Russell, Messrs.
Morley, Greene, Greville, and the Company. Balfe's new
ballad, "The Maid and her ffoorish Knight," by Madame
Enderssohn. Mr. Levy on the Cornet-a-piston, and varied
Comic Entertainments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Mr. and
Master Wood, Messrs. Harvey and French (The Nerves),
Mr. E. Msrshall, and Mr. W. Randal. Hall, 6d. Balcony
and Stalls, Is ; Private Boxeo, 100. 6d.—Nusical Director,
Air. F. Joglimane.

men.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.—Under the Management of Miss Louisa,
Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison.—Miss PYNE and Mr. HARRI-
SON beg most respectfully to announce that the SEASON of
the Royal English Opera will NOT COMMENCE UNTIL
THURSDAY NEXT, Oct. 24. This Postponement has been
occasioned in consequence of the Rehearsals of Mr. Howard
Glover's New Opera of RUY BLAS net being in such a state
of completeness as would justify the first representation of a
new work. The boxes, stalls, &c., &c., which have already
been secured for last Evening (Monday), may be transferred
to toe Thursday Evening:, on application at the Box-office.
The Box-office open from 10 to 5 daily.

11)0YAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENT GARDEN.
1.1)
Under the management_ of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. Win.

Harrison, Sole Lessees.

Will OPEN for the Sixth Operatic Season on THURSDAY,
Oct. 24, 1861, when will be produced (first time) an entirely
New Grand Opera, in Four Acts, by Howard Glover, to be
entitled RUT BLAS.

The Box-office open from Ten to Five daily. No charge for
booking, or fees to Box-keepers.
Stage-Manager, Mr. Leigh Murray. Acting-Manager, Mr.
Ndward Murray.

NEW THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Open for the Winter Season.
THIS EVENING. MUSIC lIATH CHARMS. Messrs.
D. Fisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw.
Alter which (257th time), THE COLLEEN HAWN. Mr.
D. tionalcault, D.-Fisher, Billington, S. Emery, Stephenson
0..1. Smith, Romer. Howard. Ward ; Mrs. Boneicault, MIN
Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. 11. Lewis.
Toconclude with LOVE AND HUNGER, Messrs. Fisher,
Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors onen at half-past 6—Commence at 7.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET,
Lesqee, Mr. J. B. Bnokstone.

THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.
After which, a new Comedy, en titled THE SOFT SEX
Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers
Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &a
With PAUL PRY MARRIED AND SETTLED. Paul
Pry (in a new position), Mr. C. Mathews.
To conclude with SHOCKING EVENTS.
Commence a 7.i

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
This Theatre will be CLOSED this Evening.
To-MORROW THE RENDEZVOUS.
After which, at Eight o'clock, Shakespeare's tragedy of
OTHELLO, with new scenery, dresses, and appointments.
Othello, Mr. Pechter.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 40m.—Afternoon, 3h. 62m.
TO-MORROW.-Morning, 4h. 10m.—Afternoon, 4h. 30m.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER 21, 1861,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
59—highest since noon yesterday.
51—lowest this morning and during the night.
59—this_day at noon.

EAROI.I3ITHII.-29.86.
WIND—S.-Easterly—fresh ; with dull rainy weather.
THREE °TIM cx..—Wind—South-Westerly ; fresh, with
dull weather and more rain.

The great battle has not yet come off, nor does it
appear likely to do so. The PRESIDENT and the
Republicans seem more hostile to emancipation than
ever. The State Convention of Massachusetts lis-
tened to and applauded an emancipation speech by
their Senator, Mr. SUMNER, but when the resolu-
tions, to which it was introductory, was proposed,
rejected them. The Confederates have become. the
strongest, militarily, in Kentucky, and the State
has called out forty thousand militia to resist then.
An iron-plated steamer from Liverpool, with a
cargo of guns and ammunition, besides other stores,
including 70 tons of gunpowder, for which a mil-
lion dollars had been paid, cash, in Liverpool, has
run the blockade at Savannah, and conveyed safely
the welcome supplies to the Confederates. A Fede-
ral war steamer, the Fanny, was taken by two or
three Confederate steamers while she was in the
act of unloading 150,000 dollars' worth of property
which she had just taken from Cape Hat-
teras, for the service of a Federal
Regiment on the coast. The Sumpter is still at
large. These are the most interesting facts brought
us by the Persia.
The survey of the whole does not furnish conclu-
sions much in favour of the North. The minor
military operations are almost all disadvantageous
to it. FREMONT is said to be pursuing the captor
of Lexington, General PRICE, who, however, is
described as a kind of TANTIA TOPEE, who has a
great number of cavalry and no baggage, ready
for Parthian battle, but not easy for FREMONT
to overtake. FREMONT is to follow him, if needful,
into Arkansas, while it is rumoured—but probably
it is only rumour—that M'CULLOCII is marching to
cut off FREMONT from his supplies. The prospect
in Missouri is anything but hopeful, not tomention
the sad squabble between the BLAIRS and FRE-
MONT, resulting in a long and formal accusation
of FREMONT by Colonel BLAIR.
In Kentucky things are not much better. The
Governor favours the Secessionists—the Legis-
lature the Union. Both sides have troops in Ken-
tucky, the Confederates most, but the Legislature
votes them invaders, and calls out the State force;
which, again, is under the control of the pro-
Southern Governor. Rather a hopeless compli-
cation there. On the Kentucky shore, indeed, of
the Mississippi the Confederates have batteries at
Columbus, by which they were able to rescue a
Southern gunboat, which would otherwise have
been captured by two from the North.
Further eastward in Western Virginia, ROSEN-
CRANZ telegraphs that he can hold his own ; not a
very premising report, so long after the victories
there which first made M'CLELLAN the Hero of the
North. Further eastward still, at Harper's Ferry,
General BANKS' army is not spoken of in very high
terms, and it seems to be held in check as effectually
by General JOHNSTON, as M'CLELLAN'S grand
army is by BEAUREGARD a little further eastward,
at Washington.
What, however, the two chief hostile leaders will
do, it seems impossible to tell. Mr. RUSSELL, who is
now returned to Washington, can no more form a
probable conjecture than we can here. The wooded
and hilly country, is wholly unfit for the
manceuvring of two large armies as single armies
under their respective commanders. Nor have they,
north of the Potomac, any idea of the position of
BEAUREGARD'S right, although they are quite cer-
tain that he is strong enough at Manassas junction.
BEAUREGARD knows full well that he could not
carry the works which defend Washington, but
probably M'CLELLAN equally fears that the Rorke
of his antagonist would not be easily carried by his
troops. In this respect the South seems to have the
best of it. Defence is all they profess. Their object
is attained by it. They only demand to be let
alone, and thus far they have deterred the North
from meddling with them, or made it, as at Bull's
Run, pay the penalty of doing so. The North, on
the contrary, has to conquer. It has not made one
step towards its object till it has beaten and driven
back the Southern army. The continued inaction
of the North is, therefore, a prolonged defeat ; that
of the South a prolonged victory. Yet, deeply as
M'CLELLAN, and LINCOLN too, must feel this, they
are not in a position to move. Mr. RUSSELL doubts,
indeed, whether the South has not, at this moment,
as many troops in the field as the north. Certainly
tt
hh
ee
NS
oorut thhd
saasp hp iotihn et
er tdoi
ts.o rlptams sae
sdt
ee
vx
epne cbt ae teioonne, e ad and
that, considering the means at their disposal, the
South has surpassed the North in its venture
daring, and success at sea. The doings of the pri-
vateer Sumpter, and the recent capture of the Fanny,
will be thought highly creditable by all ,naval

But, from the proceedings of the Massachusetts
convention, it is plain that the war waits on politics.

We may trust the Southern papers, we think, when
they describe slavery as increasing greatly the
military strength of the South. At first it was
thought that the slaves would be an element of
weakness only. It was supposed that so many
whites must be detained at home to watch them,
that the whites of the South could not spare men for
an army in proportion to their own numbers. But
this would be the case only on the supposition that
the slaves were made restless by the hope of free-
dom; otherwise things would be reversed. In the
North where every white man works for his living
he can ill afford his time for soldiering. In the
South where slaves do the work, and where, if they
have no chance of escape, a few whites can super-
intend them, the rest of the white population can
enlist more freely while their slaves support them.

This has turned out to be the fact—on the fron-
tier of the Slave States the Southern armies were
sufficient to keep the slaves hopeless of liberty.
Further south the prospect was even more hopeless ;
worst of all, the Northerns gave them no encou-
ragement; worse, perhaps, even than that, the Go-
vernment has taken all possible pains to show that
the war was not one of liberty for the slave. The
slaves, if they know all that was going on, can
do no better than toil on, and leave their masters
and the North to fight it out. Worse their con-
dition could not be. But what should they rise
for ? Why should they be Unionists? The
Union has been a bitter curse to them. If it
shattered itself into its thirty-four fragments,
they would probably be benefited rather than
not by the change.
If in Massachusetts—Mr. SUMNER'S State—
resolutions pointing to emancipation could only
be laid on the table, and the attempt to take them
from it defeated, what can we expect of the greater
part of the Northern States. It becomes more dif-
ficult to blame LINCOLN; it is the most Puritan part
of the North which is in fault. It is "Like PRESI-
DENT, like people." There is nothing to choose be-
tween them. But we may predict, if it be possible
to predict at all, that the North will never now sub•
jugate the South—never, we mean, unless it repents
of its cold-blooded aversion to giving the coloured
race its due. The Northern Americans ha' e made
a great fuss about English want of sympathy with
their cause. We may justly wonder far more at
their cruel want of sympathy with a far better
cause. What is a monster Union as an object of
sympathy, compared with abolition of the most
oppressive slavery ever known on the face of the
earth. The men who show no sympathy with
negro rights, though to fight for those rights is their
only sure means of victory, are the men who de-
mand our sympathy with a Union built on slavery,
and fenced by atrocious fugitive slave laws ! It
cannot be. The unfeeling selfishness of the
Free North chills us, as much as the avowed
pro-slavery principles of the South disgust
us. At present the cause of both North
and South is bad, utterly bad ; and while we
should be sorry to hear of Southern triumphs,
we are at a loss to know why we should rejoice
in Northern victories. Let the South succeed, and
slavery is fixed there for generations. Let the North
restore the Union even, and it would be to lend the
whole strength of the North, as well as of the South,
to the perpetuation of slavery. When we look at
both sides, the ejaculation of the Patriarch will
recur to us—" Oh my soul come not thou into their
secret; unto their assembly mine honour, be not
thou united !"

The noble lord the member for Woodstock
summed up, on Wednesday last, down at
Birmingham, the many extraordinary advan-
tages that might be reasonably looked for
as the almost inevitable result of the exten-
sion of our Consular establishments in Africa.
Lord ALFRED CHURCHILL'S remarks upon this oc
casion were apropos to the recent appointment by
her MAJESTY'S Government of an accredited agent
at Abbeokuta, in that continent. The meeting held
on Wednesday at Birmingham was one convened
by the members of the African Society, for the pur-
pose of considering the effect of the Cotton Famine (!)
upon great seats of industry in this country, such
as Manchester and Birmingham. The resolution
entrusted to Lord A. CHURCHILL ran to the fol-
lowing effect :—" That this meeting emphatically
expresses its approval of the appointment by the
British Government of an accredited agent at Ab-
beokuta, and trusts that the policy which dictated
this appointment may be extended to the town of
Rabba, on the Niger, and to other important places
as facilities arise." And it was in the course of the
little address during the delivery of which the
member for Woodstock proposed the above resolu-
tion to the meeting at Birmingham, that there oc-
curred the very striking epitome already alluded to
—the epitome, that is, of the advantages certain (or,
at any rate, very likely) to accrue to Africa
from the extension there of our Consular establish-
ments.

The mere circumstance of that extension, said
Lord ALFRED CHURCHILL, "would place the coun-
try under the protection of Great Britain, and, so
protected, all its cotton, sugar, tobacco, and indigo
fields would thrive under British enterprise; a
deadly blow would be struck at the slave-
grown produce of Cuba, Virginia, and New
Orleans ; the supply of slaves from the Afri-
can coast would be cut off; the Africans would be
brought up to their true position in the human
race, and the whole world would soon reap the
benefit." Now, the picture thus rapidly sketched
may be pronounced by many—will probably be set
down at once by many—as very highly-coloured,
or rather over-coloured, the prevailing colour in it
being, of course, the couleur de rose. At the same
time, however, who amongst us all will have the
temerity to gainsay the probability (not merely,
observe, the possibility, but the probability) of any
one among all these same halcyon anticipations
being, sooner or later, realized ? Whether sooner
or later, is, of course, another question, but that
they would eventually, that they must eventually,
be realized, we for one entertain no particle of
doubt whatever. The simple preliminary condi-
tion for them all being—as intimated—the exten-
sion in Africa of our English Consular establish-
ments. Provided only that be secured—it is
obvious in the first place that the country would
gradually and in the natural and inevitable course
of things come under the protection of the British
Government. And, so protected, it would be our
own fault if the cultivation there of cotton, sugar,
tobacco, and indigo did not thrive ! By the mere
fact of those crops thriving under the ./Egis of our
protection, the deadliest blow that could be struck
at the slave-grown produce of Cuba, of New Orleans,
and of Virginia, would be struck at it ! We should by
all this obtain the best security that could possibly be
acquired that the supply of slaves to the southern
part of the North American continent would be cut
off rigidly and inexorably. A better security by
far than all the squadrons that could possibly be
placed there along the western shores of Africa to
impede that hellish traffic ! And as to the benefit
of all these happy results upon the poor Africans
themselves—well, hardly can one syllable require
to be penned he] e upon that head ! So that exa-
mining Lord ALFRED CIIURCIIILL'S summary of
advantages, clause by clause, we find it literally to 1,

be within the mark throughout. And the means
to attain all this is in itself so simple—is one so
completely within our reach ! We have but to
stretch forth one hand and shake these " ripe
pears" (as the Napoleonic phrase is) upon Africa.
For the sale of humanity, for the sake of com-
merce, for our own conscience sake, shall we not
do this ?

Already we have recently taken occasion to
descant upon the many attractions revealed to the
emigrant by Canada. We have pointed out the
scope that noble colony affords to every kind of
development. We have commented upon the ad-
vantages secured to it by the mere vastness of its
dimensions. We have particularised a few of
the more striking excellencies appertain-
ing to it from the mere circumstance of
its geographical situation. The extent of its mag-
nificent seaboard ! The wondrous facilities afforded
for inland navigation along the broad and majestic
current of the St. Lawrence, The diversity, and
for the most part the salubrity and loveliness, of
the climate ! The fecundity of the soil ! And so
forth. We have gone further than this. We have
particularised the marvellous rate of increase ob-
servable of late years in the population of the two
Canadas, on the extent of country traversed by the
Canadian railways, in the development of the mer-
cantile enterprises of the colonists there generally.
Yet is there, of course, very much more to be said
upon each and all of these themes, upon which we
have been expatiating at so much length.
Even in reference to the agricultural capabilities
of the soil of Canada, might not much more be
said in evidence of their amazing amplitude, from
the simple text that in the valleys of some of the
largest rivers of Upper Canada during the last
twenty years wheat has been grown after wheat!
Grown, of course, not with impunity. Cela va
sans dire. Still, that such an insensate course as
this could have been persisted in, is of itself a
fact sufficiently indicative of the marvellous fruit-
fulness of the land so harshly dealt with ! No
thought there of the rotation of crops. But, on
the contrary, for twenty years and upwards con-
secutively, wheat after wheat grown, as we have
said, upon the same soil ! According to this
system, or rather by reason of the absolute want of
any rational system at all, it is not by any means
surprising that we should have to read now as the
consequence of all this—that " the first crops
yielded an average of 40 bushels to the acre, but
under the thoughtless system of husbandry then
pursued the yield diminished to 12 bushels to the
acre, and compelled a change of system which soon
had the effect of restoring the land to its original
fertility. This system of exhaustion," we learn,
however, " has effected its own cure, and led to the
introduction of a more rational method of culti-
vating the soil. Years ago, when roads were bad
and facilities for communicating with markets few
and far between, wheat was the only valuable pro-
duct of the farm, so that no effort was spared to
cultivate that cereal to the utmost extent. Now,
since railroads, macademised roads, and plank
roads have opened up the country, and agricultural
societies have succeeded in disseminating much
useful instruction and information, husbandry
has improved in all directions, and the
natural fertility of the soil of the old settle-
ments is in great part restored." So that
the very blunders of our Canadian agriculturists
have tended perhaps the most clearly to demonstrate
the extraordinary natural capabilities of the soil,
its astonishing fecundity, its grateful return at all
times, and in all due seasons, to the labours of hus-
bandry whenever judiciously applied! Having
referred thus more particularly to the character of
the agricultural development of Canada, we shall
take an early opportunity to comment upon tha
rise and progress of many of the more remarkable
cities and towns of that noble colony.

*
--a\FJr

THE SUN.
LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 22, 1861.