The Sun.
London, England, 1861-03-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARC ii 27, 1861.

ART UNION OF LONDON.—Subscription
One Guinea.—Prizeholders select from the Public Ex-
hibitions. Every subscriber has a chance of a valuable Prize,
and in addition receives an impression of a large and im-
portant line engraving by J. T. Wilmore, A.R.A., from the
original picture by Turner, in the National Collection, en-
titled " Italy—Childe Harold's Pilgrimage," now ready for
delivery. Subscription closes on Saturday next, 30th inst.
GEORGE GODWLN, j Hon. Secs.
LEWIS POC')CK,
444, West Strand, 1861.

MR. IV. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN-
MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY-
GRAPHIC HALL, King William-street, Charing-cross,
TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at
Eight. Private boxes, Ll ls. ; Stalls and box stalls, 3s. ;
area, 2s. ; amphitheatre, ls. -A plan of the stalls may be
seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box-
office, from 10 till 4. Morning Performance, Saturday,
March 2.

A RGYLL ROOMS. - GRAND MUSICAL
ENTERTAINMENT,
with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established
eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal
Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by
Mons. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, M. Boulcourt.—Dancing
at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
High Holborn.—This popular and magnificently ap-
pointed Ball Room, decidedly the most fashionable and best
conducted entertainment in the world. The very excellent
band, under the able direction of Mr. Packer. is constantly
introducing the choicest and latest music of the day—a qua-
drille and polka from Balfe's neW opera, Bianca; Colleen
Bawn Waltz, Garibaldi's Triumphal Galop, &c., among others,
now nightly receive the plaudits of the company. The wines
supplied are of the very choicest quality. The refreshment
rooms are elegant in the extreme, and replete with every
comfort. Admission throughout,

CLARET ONE SHILLING PER BOTTLE.
Twelve Shillings per dozen. HENRY BRETT & CO.,
niporters, Holborn Bars.

EPPS'S COCOA.
The delicious aroma, grateful smoothness. and invigo-
rating power of this preparation have procured its general
adoption as
A MOST DESIRABLE BREAKFAST BEVERAGE.
Sold in }lb., ilb., and llb. packets, at Is. 6d. per lb., by Grocers
Each packet is labelled.
JAMES EPPS, Homeopathic Chemist, LONDON.

GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.
HENRY SMITH, M.D., of the University of
Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous
Sufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE
WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A
medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of
Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike
to Society, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re-
laxation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &c., which, if
neglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature
death ; with plain directions for perfect restoration'to health
and vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure from ob
servatfon, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope
and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton-
crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C.

DR. BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC- MEDICINES,
known throughout the world, for the cure of every

disease.
PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGETABLE PILLS for
regulating the bowels and purifying the blood, &c., ls.
2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and lls.
CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE for nervous
debility and physical disqualifications, &c., 4s. 6d., lls., or
our quantities in one, 335.
VEGETABLE SKIN OINTMENT for all skin eruptions,
sores, deep-seated ulcers, boils, pimples, roughness, and
blotches, &c., ls. lid., and 2s. 9d. Physician's advice free on
application, and " Buchan's Guide for Patients," one stamp.
Soid by Buchan and Co., 22, Newman-street, Oxford-street,
London, W., and medicines forwarded on receipt of poet-
Tice order. To be had of all chemists.

is presented to the Emperor. The Monarch is
anxious to be acquainted with the wishes of our
country. Let us raise our voice in common with
our countrymen. We trust that you will listen to
us, and will sincerely join with them for the com-
mon good. It is the only true way to improve our
condition. He who is wise will see that by these
means and no other can the good of our country be
attained. Prove yourselves men, and God will be
with you."

consent to cede voluntarily to the usurpers the pro.
viuces which they have usurped from our Pontifica'
domain.

They were carrying their unheard of impious
audacity to demanding that the Apostolic See,
which ever was and ever shall be the rampart of truth
and justice, should sanction the principle that that
which was unjustly and violently seized and stolen,
should quietly pass into the honest possession of
the iniquitous aggressors; and that we should con-
sent to the establishment of the false principle, that
successful injustice should not prejudice the sanctity
of right. Such .-a pretension is at variance with
those solemn declarations which have just been
enunciated in the great and illustrious Senate—
' That the Pontiff is above all the representative
of moral force in human society." We could not;
therefore, subscribe to the deeds of these despoil-
ing Vandols, without violating the basis of that
moral discipline whose chief symbol and image on
earth we are acknowledged to be.
It is intelligible that they who are deceived by
error or overcome by fear, should give counsels
in conformity with the unjust views of the dis-
turbers of civil society, and it must be clearly
understood that these troublers of social order
will be content with nothing but the absolute an-
nihilation of all authority, and the destruction of
all restraints of religion, morality, and justice.
Unhappily for society, these subversive agents,
however, have already succeeded, by their words
and deeds in perverting men's minds, in weaken-
ing the moral sense, and effacing all hatred of in-
justice. They direct all their efforts to persuade
their dupes that the rights invoked by honest
men are but unjust demands which deserved to
be denounced. Alas, it is but too true ! " The
earth mourneth and- fadeth away, the world long
wisheth and facieth away, the haughty people of
the earth do languish. The earth also is defiled
under the inhabitants thereof; because they have
transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance,
broken the everlasting covenant." But in the
depth of this profound obscurity which God has
permitted for his inscrutable purposes, weturn with
confiding hope towards the Father of all mercies
for consolation in our sorrows and adversity. -It
is He, venerable brethren, who has spread amongst
you that spirit of concord and humanity which
increases every day amongst you ; so that,
closely and unanimously united with us, you are
bound up with us,, resolutely resigned to suffer
with us the fate which the secret designs of Pro-
vidence have reserved for us. The holy prelates of
the Christian universe, who preach the glad tidings
of faith and hope to the worldhoint out to people
the path which they should follow in this darkness,
and inspire the Catholic nations with that sentiment
of equity which enables them to form a clear judg-
ment on our sovereign right. This admirable con-
currence of prayers amongst the Catholic nations,
these significant proofs of love, so unanimously
shown to us in such different forms (which was
never seen in previous ages), clearly,.prove to those
of the right mind how needful it is to turn con-
stantly to the throne of the blessed Prince of the
Apostles the light of the universe, which has ever
preached the dogma of truth, and which will never
cease until the end'of time to teach the immutable
principles of eternal justice. So utterly untrue is
it that the people of Italy have abstained from these
striking testimonies of love and filial respect for the
Apostolic See, that hundreds of thousands of them
daily send .us letters full of affectionate respect not
to counsel the reconciliation which has been de.
manded, but to sympathise with us in our suffer-
ings, and to express their horror of the criminal
and sacrilegious spoliation of our temporal posses-
sions.

Under these circumstances we hereby declare,
openly and loudly, that nothing shall ever induce
us to consent' to this reconciliation, and we make
this solemn declaration before God and man. How-
ever, since we are appointed to the functions here
on earth of Hithwh's!‘ perished for sinners, and to
pray for their forgiveness, we know how to forgive
those who hate us, „and to pray for them, that by
the' help of Divine grace they may return to the
right path, and thlis become entitled to the bene-
diction of Christ's Vicar upon earth. Therefore,
with a full heart do we pray for them, and are
disposed to forgive them and to bestow our bene-
diction upon them when they shall have returned
to the right ,path ; but meantime we cannot con-
sent to remain passive the while, as those who
are disregardful of human calamities ; we cannot
but be deeply afflicted at the persecutions of
those who suffer for the cause of justice. There-
fore, in deep sorrow, do we pray to God and fulfil
our duty in instructing and condemning those who
have been taught and condemned by our Holy
Church, for such is the mandate which we have
received from our Saviour Jesus Christ.

Thus we refuse our consent to injustice, but
when pardon is asked of us, we grant it freely.
And that we may grant this pardon in a manner
worthy of our holiness and of our pontifical title,
we bend the knee before God, and hold in our em-
brace the triumphal banner of our Redeemer. We
humbly supplicate Jesus Christ to inoculate us
with his charity, that we may freely forgive, as He
himself forgave His ei:emies, before giving up His
soul to the hands of His Eternal Father.

We earnestly beseech Him, that after the for-
giveness which He may giant in the darkness
wherewith the earth is now overwhelmed, He may
enlighten the souls of his enemies, that they may
repent them of their horrible crimes, and that by
the means of His infinite mercy He may bring back
the lost sheep to His fold.
Whatever be the inscrutable designs of Provi-
dence for the future, we implore Jesus Christ, in
the name of His Church, that he may judge the
cause of his Vicar, which is also the cause of His
Church ; that he may defend it, and make it glo-
riously triumph against his foes ; we beseech Him
to restore order and tranquillity to society, not so
sorely troubled ; and that He may restore peace by
the truth of justice, which can come from Him
alone.

There is but one God who can combat with us
and for us, in the convulsions which have shaken
Europe and the wide world to its centre ; and also
those to whom are entrusted the arduous task of
directing the destinies of nations.
The remainder of this allocution is but a repe-
tition of the above tiresome tissue of maledictions,
imprecations, and b lasphemous pretensions. He
complains, that the Church of the Messiah has been
despoiled by the" Revolution ;" that rulers and the
ministers of religion have been expelled ; that
churches have been sacked, and costly vessels of
gold and silver, and goodly raiments, have been
the prey of the revolutionary spoilers.

STREET TRAMWAYS.-IMPORTANT
PROSECUTION.

The adjourned inquiry into the summons taken
out by Mr. Alexander Beresford Hope against Mr.
Train for breaking and injuring a certain road
called Uxbridge-road was resumed yesterday before
Air. Yardley, at Marylebone Police-court.
Mr. Sleigh attended in support of the summons,
and Mr. Rochfort Clarke for the defendant.

On the previous occasion evidence was given by
Mr. Hope, who stated that the tramway was a
great nuisance and injurious to public vehicles and
carriages, besides being a great hindrance to public
traffic. His view was borne out by Mr. Stephen-
son, of Pall-mall, civil engineer.
On the case being called on some discussion took
place between the worthy magistrate, Mr. Sleigh,
and Mr. Clarke, as to whether the infliction or no
infliction of a fine 'would settle the question, when
Mr. Sleigh said he thought it was to the interest of
his client that so important a case should be adju-
dicated upon by his worship, and wished to have
the case gone on with. The first witness called by
the learned gentleman was—
Thomas Clark, a cab proprietor of Mile-end, who
said—l know the Uxbridge-road. I have driven
over it. The tramway is a bad thing as regards
horses and carriage traffic. lam sure it is an ob-
struction. Have seen the iron rails laid down.
Drove over it in ray own horse and cab. It caused
my horse to fall down. I had a fare going to Hyde
Park. I got on it, and before I could get off it
made my horse turn a complete somersault. This
was at half-past nine at night. As an experienced
person I think it an obstruction.
By Mr. Clarke—l have not seen other obstruc-
tions than what I have mentioned. I have seen the
rails.
Mr. Yardley—l may tell you that I have seen the
rails along the road, and have travelled backward
and forward, and have also seen the carriages made
for the line.
Mr. Clarke—My question was connected with
quite another object. (To witness)—Where was
your horse when it fell ?
Witness.—On its backside. (Laughter.) He fell
just off the stones after getting from Hyde Park
lie had got two or three yards off the stones. It
is not usual for cab horses to fall.
After a short discussion between the learned
gentlemen and the magistrate, it was decided that
' is worship should give his decision next week.
_ , !

MR. COBDEN AND THE FRENCH COM-
MERCIAL TREATY.

The Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, who re-
cently passed votes of thanks to Mr. Cobden and
Mr. Mallet for their management of the details
of the treaty of commerce with France, have re-
ceived the following letters from those gentlemen,
which were read at a special meeting of the
Chamber yesterday :

" Algiers, March 20, 1861.
" Sir,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of the resolu-

tion of the Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool, bearing your
signature its. president, _ thanking me for my exertions in
arranging the commercial treaty with France.

"I obierve with satisfaction the judicious reserve with
which the Chamber abstains from committing itself to an
approval of the general principle of commercial treaties.
The arrangement lately entered into with the French Go-
vernment is not, in its old and exclusive sense, a commer-
cial treaty, but a simultaneous movement on the part of the
two countries in the direction of general freedom of trade.
Nor should the changes made in the French tariff be judged
merely by the standard of abstract principle, but with a
fair consideration for the opposition which the Government
had to encounter in its first serious measure of commercial
reform from an unbroken phalanx of monopolists, whose
power can be more fully appreciated after the late demon-
strations of the Conservative party in the French Chambers.
" The great feature of the recent commercial arrange-
ments, to my humble apprehension, is their tendency to
limit the power of Governments to disturb the amicable
relations of the two countries, by making their friendship
depend, not on dynastic sympathies, or the alliance with
any particular Ministry, but, to borrow the sentiment of
Prince Napoleon, on the union of France with the great
English people.
" For the first time in the experience of living men, a
lrrge part of the pOpulation of the two countries will be
invested with the most powerful motives for keeping the
peace. Old diplomatic rivalries may survive, to find nou-
rishment in topics of shadowy interest; and the relations
of the two Governments may even be subjected to occa-
sional disquietude from the resentments of statesmen who

live in the traditions of the past, and who will aocept with
reluctance the new order of things. But I rejoice in the
belief that the legitimate interests of an industrious people,
rather than the caprices or passions of politicians, will, for
the future, control the relations of my country with its
great Continental neighbour.
" Pray assure the members of the Chamber that I highly
appreciate their approval of my services; and, begging you
to accept my thanks for the cordial expressions contained in
your letter enclosing the resolution,

" I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
" RD. COBDEN.
" W. J. Tomlinson, Esq., Chamber of Commerce,
. Liverpool."
" Board of Trade, March 22, 1861.
" Sir,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 2lit March,' enclosing a Copy of a vote of thanks to Mr.
Cobden, Mr. Ogilvie, and myself, for our recent services in
connexion with the commercial treaty with 'France, which
was passed at the annual general meeting of the Liverpool
Chamber of Commerce. I must request that you will con-
vey to the Chamber my very beet thanks for the honour they
have dene me, and assure them that I have received this
resolution with much gratification.

I have the honour to be, Sir, your very obedient servant,
" LEWIS MALLET.
" Robert Tronson, Esq., Secretary, Chamber of

Commerce, Liverpool."

(From the Times.)
The last lesson which education teaches to a
powerful and earnest mind is toleration. Such
natures are almost necessarily tyrannical. They
have no doubt as to their own convictions, and
they cannot comprehend that any man can be
honest and net think exactly as they do. They are
the ultra bigots of every creed, and it is almost a
hazard whether they are benefactors or curses to
mankind. They are the materials from which are
made conspicuous tyrants and great discoverers.
They do violence sometimes upon principle, and ih
spite, perhaps, of an instinctive kindliness of heart ;
and they do right sometimes in scorn of conse-
quences and against opposition which would daunt
all prudent men. Let us not for a moment be
supposed to undervalue them, still less to wish that
they were not. TLe world would be nothing with-
out them. It is their limited vision, their incapa-
city of seeing more than one side of a question,
their absolute faith in themselves, which make them
the great moral powers of their age. We must
accept the inconveniences with the advantages.
When they deny to others the honesty which they
are conscious of in themselves, we must exercise
towards them that charity it is not in their nature
to extend to us. A mind like that of Calvin cannot
and will not believe that a Papist can be really
sincere in believing what he himself cannot believe.
Claverhouse would never come to think that a
Covenanter deserved mercy; our own Duke of
Wellington had no notion of the scruples of even
a civilian who disobeyed orders ; and Mr. Cobden
is internally convinced that it is only from some
base and sordid motive that any one can ever differ
from him upon any question, political or financial.
We do not complain—we must take him as he is.
If an abuse is to be destroyed, or if an institution
is to be overturned which has outgrown its utility,
he is the most useful man of his time. If he hap-
pened, for instance, to take the right view of the
matter, he would be invaluable in India to clear
away the jungle of old jobs there. All we wish to
premise is that, with his habit of attributing bad
motives, he is not a pleasant antagonist for a quiet
and discreet discussion.

Still we will risk the rejoinder, and beg of Mr.
Cobden to give a few minutes of his attention to a
volume which has just been published in Paris
under the name of the Annuaire Militaire for 1861.
This instructive little book gives an account of the
names, numbers, and stations of the regiments at
present under arms in France and her dependencies.
If we could induce Mr. Cobden to read this work in
an impartial spirit, we would ask him to imagine
that, instead of reading the Annuaire Militaire, he
is reading "flares Army List for March, 1861. He
must begin by realising the tremendous fact that
the catalogue of this vast army contains 6,871 cap-
tains, which, at 100 men to a company, gives a
total of 687,100 soldiers under arms. These nume-
rals get beyond the point at which numbers cease
to convey any definite meaning to the mind. The
impression produced by them is like that of an
astronomical distance. All we know is that 687,100
men is a collection of many great hosts, and that
they seem enough to swarm all over the world.
Strengthened by discipline and rifled guns, and fed
by well-organised Commissariats, they appear
capable of conquering and eating up any country
whereon they settle and subduing any country in
which they obtain a footing. But, lest it should
be supposed that these are only men upon paper,
we have, duly detailed before us, the present sta-
tions and the names of all the divisions of this giant

army. They read like the description of the host
of Xerxes. They differ in origin, in race, in uniform,
and in arms. There are the Spahis in their white
burnouses, remnants of the old Turks who ruled the
Arabs before the French went to Algeria; the Arabs
of the original Zouave levies, when the vagabonds of
many races of Algeria were swept into the recruiting
officer's net and drilled into soldiers; the Zouaves of
a later date, when the vagabonds of Paris and the
kithiess outcasts of every country under Heaven
were raked together and welded into, perhaps, the
finest mass of soldiery which exists beyond these
seas. There are the Chasseurs d'Afrique, baked in
the desert, inured to hardship on the steeps of the
Lesser Atlas, and mounted upon Arab horses, which
combine the qualities of speed, endurance, and
hai diners. There are also the conscripts, who come
from every village in France, and who look like
maidens when compared with the veterans of Africa,
and the Zouaves who have carried their eagles in
the Crimea, in Italy, in Africa, and in Syria. Alto-
gether, it is a varied and a wonderful army. Even
its Staff is told off in numbers which would repre-
sent a force if placed in rank. There are ten Field-
Marshals ; there are ninety-four Generals of Divi.
sion on active service—enough to make a company ;
there are 162 Generals of Brigade—a very respect-
able forlorn hope ; there are 1,370 Majors ; and, as
we have already said, there is a real army of 6,871
Captains. It is a mammoth machine upon a mam-
moth scale. The cost must be tremendous, but as
that cost is in a great measure contributed in kind
by the people, the full amount is never brought out
in figures. France is at peace, but this great host
is not all in France. The country could not contain
it. It is ever seeking some theatre of action away
from home. Some of it is holding Borne' It is
holding Rome against Democrats and Constitu-
tionalists and Papists, for whom it holds it no one
knows, but it is holding Rome against every one
except only France. Another part Is holding Syria
and protecting the cedars of Lebanon. A large
detachment is engaged in the conquest of Cochin
China, where its most formidable antagonists appear
to be the mosquitoes, but where a French Minister
the other day told the French Chamber that France
having now put her foot, has no intention of with-
drawing it. All this, however, is the pouring forth
of military force in the mere wantonness of afflu-
ence, or in the embarrassment of wealth, It cannot