The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-25 00:00:00

CORN EXCHANGE.

Somewhat increased supplies of English wheat were on
sale here to-day. For both red and white qualities the
demand ruled inactive; nevertheless, Monday's improve-
ment in the quotations was fairly supported.
All kinds of foreign wheat were held at extreme rates,
but the amount of business transacted was very moderate.
Floating cargoes of grain changed hands to a fair extent,
and the currencies ruled firm.

Malting barley moved off more freely, at very full prices.
Grinding and distilling sorts were fully as dear as on
Monday.

New malt sold steadily; old, slowly, at late rates.
Oats were firm, and the quotations were well maintained;
Beans And peas changed hands at fully Monday's
advance in their value.

The flour trade was steady, at quite previous rates.
ARRIVALS THIS WEER.
Wheat. Barley. Malt. Oats. Flour.
English 2,230 1,270 2,080 60 1,160 sack •
Irish — 2,290
Foreign 18,430 3,250 13,590 ; 40 sks.
10,750.br15.

INDIAN COTTON.

(From the Englishman of Sept. 14.)

It is early yet to speculate even as to the quantity of cot-
ton which England may expect to receive from India, the
produce of the crop grown in the present season. That the
demaeal for cotton so loudly made from Manchester will be
responded to there can be no doubt; but to what extent, it
is at present, and will be for some time, impossible to (leen.-
mine. The seed is as yet but barely in the ground in those
districts in which the south-west monsoon is most severely
felt; and, as the fall of rain this season has been unusually
heavy, sowing has in a measure been retarded. Neverthe-
less, the reports from the provinces are favourable, ineemuch
as the area already sown, and that set apart for cotton cal •
tivation, is said to be unusually extensive ; in some districts
double the quantity of land hitherto devoted to this object
having been laid down with cotton. One great difficulty to
be overcome is the feeling of distrust inherent in the native
of India which is roused by any attempts made to induce him
to extend his cultivation of any particular crop. Reports are
not wanting, and from trustworthy sources, of whole fields
having been rooted up immediately on inquiry being- made
as to the probable out-turn of cot ton in some part icuiar di,--
tricts—the ryot s looking upon all such in quiri es as precursors
of additional and heavy taxation. This is a feeling which
must and will wear out, but for the time it is attended with
unfortunate consequences, as it tends, in some measure, to
limit the supply of the staple so urgently demanded. These
remarks apply more particularly to districts in which the
ryot cultivates his land entirely at his own risk anti charges.
In those districts where the cultivator receives advances for
his crop, before he even turns the soil preparatory to its re-
ception of the seed, no such distrust is felt, for, so long as
payment for his crop is secured, it is a matter of indifference
to him what that crop may be, always provided it is the most
profitable which the soil of his field w:1.1 produce. In Dhar-
war, the Raiepore Doab, and Western Berar, on one side of
India; in the North-West,and some parts of Bengal on the
other, great efforts are being made, and not unsuccessfully,
very greatly to extend the cultivation of cotton this season.
What the result will be lies yet within the womb of futu-
rity. It is not a question of price which will influence in-
creased' cultivation, at least not so far as the cultivator him-
self is concerned ; cotton pays him as well. as any other
crop he can raise on the same soil. The difficulty lies in
the great risk of transport to the coast, and the expenses
attendant thereon. These are the great drawbacks to the
production of cheap cotton in India, and it is to the im-
provement of the communications between the coast and
interior, and thereby lessening the risk and expense of trans-
port, that the Cotton Supply Assocation and those inte-
rested in its produce must turn their undivided attention
and exert their best energies. With these difficulties over-
come there is no reason why India should not produce as
good and as cheap cotton as the Slave States of America.
Moreover, in the districts whence cotton is derived Man-
chester may establish the additional market for her wares
she so much requires. The seme ways, whether rail, canal,
or river, by which cotton will be drawn from the places of
its growth, will convey into the interior the produce of
Manchester mills, end, provided she can produce coarse
fabrics of a quality similar to the native'home-spun cloths,
and sell them to the ryot at a low figure, Manchester need
fear no dearth of cotton; the entire yield of the cotton
fields of India will be at her disposal.

The Punjab with its five rivers, all affording means of
speedy and safe transport, appears to possess great advan-
tages for the cultivation of-cotton. It numbers among its
various works of public utility very heavy irrigation works,
which, for the production of cotton of the finer staples in a
climate such as that of the Punjab, are highly desirable, if
not absolutely requisite. It has a numerous agricultural
population, and is admirably administered—the former a
sine qua non, the latter most advantageous—when capital
has to be invested in the soil, and advances made for the
fruits it has yet-to yield. In the past year, 1860-61 the
cotton produced in the several divisions of the Punjab and
its dependencies amounted to 43,316,8001 b., of which about
4,000,0001 b. found their way to the coast. The quantity
therefore absorbed in the country itself was in round num-
bers 39,000,0001 b., a very large portion of which might with
good management and a judicious outlay of capital have
been taken in exchange for the products of Manchester mills,
instead of being devoted as it was to the manufacture o f
,cloths, which Manchester ought to be able to supply at a
figure which should defy competition on the part of any
native hand looms. The Lieutenant-Governor gives it as,
his opinion that the production of cotton might be in
increased, but that to this end it will be neces-
sary for English speculators to have their agents in the
country ready to pay at once for the crop and to give
directions regarding the method of cleaning it ; he further
adds tkat it is his belief that a greater breadth of cotton has
been sown this year than last.
There is another direction in which cotton may be sought
and found, and for which purpose Government either has
sent, or is about to send, a competent person to institute
inquiries. Upper Burmah prior to the insurrection in
China had a considerable trade with Ynnan, and by this
route exported into China 10,000,0001 b. of cotton, the
growth of her fields, annually. For the last five or six
years this route has been closed, and, as no other market
has been found for the staple, the cultivation has been
allowed to langu!sh- It is not so long since but that a
slight effort made m'ght cause it again to flourish. A brisk
market in Rangoon, there CM be little doubt, would soon,
but for one obstacle, revive it; that obstacle is the Ring of
Burmah's export reontier duty. This is a matter for nego-
tiation, and the relaxing of 017 frontier duties on rice, or
fish, would in all probability have the effect of inducing his
Majesty to take the embargo off cotton. As it is a matter
of importance that the growth of cotton should be encou-
raged as much as possible, and as Burmah Proper can pro-
duce it, it would be well worth a trial as to whether or not
some understanding might not be come to between the King
of But mah and the Governor-General's agent on this subject.

Some attempts have been made in British Burmah
to im-
prove the staple of the cotton gfov a there and to introduce
foreign varieties, In only one instance has success attended
these attempts ; sonic New Orlerns seed sown in light sandy
soil yielded a fine crop equivalent to 1251 b. per acre. There,
is, unfortunately, a great disincl'aation on the part of the
Burmese agriculturists to mike use even of foreign seeds,
and to all foreign agricultural products. The Texan seed
sowed in an experimental garden at Rangoon yielded a fair
crop, but all other seeds failed, attributable to the want of
knowledge among the persons introducing the seed as to
the nature of the soil adapted to each variety. However, it
would be vain to look to the British provinces of Burmah
for any large supply of cotton, the population being so
scanty as to preclude all hopes of cotton cultivation being
undertaken on any largo scale.
The subjects here broached, however, aro well worthy the
consideration of all persons in England who look to India
to keep up the requisite supply of cotton, and through her
means to continue in employment, and so save from starva-
tion, by any American vagaries, the 4,000,000 British sub-
jects employed in connection with the cotton mills of the
United Kingdom.

ABOARD THE WARRIOR.—One of the stokers, a
grim-faced man, who paced about moodily, and with an air
of suffering under not being permitted to set the ship going,
subbed spitefully at rutnace door handles, and here camp
forward and volunteered information in a pained and hurt
sort of a way. The engine represented, ho said, a force little
short of 6,000 horses. A big man could pass, not only up
and down the main steam pipe and its branches into the
cylinders, but also through the passage of the side valves
into the condensers. The Warrior had ten boilers, and each
boiler was fed by four furnaces. Every boiler had 440 tubes.
The piston weighed no less than 13 tons, and the stroke
was four feet, the number of revolutions being 50 a
minute. The steam shaft was one great piece of malleable
iron, 30 feet long and 20 inches in diameter. The screw was
of gun metal, 24 feet in diameter, and weighed about 20
tons. The ship consumed 125 tons of coal every 24 hours-
After the second heavy dose of scientific facts, Master Gun-
ner started me again on a fresh tour, up all sorts of shiny
iron stairs, and along all sorts of iron-grated passagPs.
Now I found myself in a sort of small ballroom traversed
by a great shaft of iron—now in a dark hall, studded en
either side with 20 furnaces. Sailors were working up and
down the stairs, mechanics were fitting p. in the offi-
cers' cabins, marines wen tugging at gun-carriages ; every
otredme
one was busy,, for the vessel was soon to be off to Ports-
mouth, and
stheae.ngcoeintgo
pstoawrte.risn. seGarocinh
goftoa
lsotookrmfo,rina
ptoesttelstWhheL a young Titan it must be, whose infant amuse-
ment it is to go looking for a tempest I—Dickens's All the
year Bound.

A REVERSE of FORTUNE.—During the confine-
ment of the last Earl of Cromartio in the Tower, his
nephew, although taking no part in the rebellion.
was imprisoned with him, and on his uncle's dis-
charge was permitted to leave with him. The earl and
countess (earl and. countess no longer now) resolved to
reside in London, at least for some time, and as simple Mr.
and Mrs. Mackenzie fought earnestly against their mis-
fortunes. Their nephew and his two daughters had also
to struggle bravely for daily bread. In the end,
George 111. restored some portion of the attainted pro-
perty to the earl's daughter, on whose neck was plainly
visible the mark of a blood-red axe, and admitted his nep-
hew into the Charter. house. But the earl's two great-nieces
bad to fight the battle of life alone, and obtained a precari-
ous living by making :hirts and mending linen for theirfriends, and taking care of sets of chambers
euforse
gentlemen of the law. In Cannon-street thered and
there
that that looks out upon a little railed-in grave -
ar
these patient, suffering ladies resided for some
ane td dyingitee,nobl aty
fulfilling the duties of their fallen station, st w
a
ho knew them.—
length honoured and lamented by a
Once a Week.
—We all remember that
READY,DY'
Calcutta
tthoughtta toa ss necessaryum e the
thea gPablellainttiotelwCigeneral gained great
only 12 hours to prepare for his
when,etoomd
command
apnadt duringc
ohf t SAhtiehrYefECorroonlßoidnalEanCnAd‘
er
credit for havinghidrahowever, he was outdone by the late
departure.
this,
when asked by Lord Hill, the then
Earl C.,ai rth:marltn'anding-in-Chief, what time he would require
If for active service, and proceed to Can ada
p p c
wt7hreedr:asrp-a-tiChmmesse, replied, as he rose to take his departure,
after a moment's hesitation, " Half-an-hour, ray lord, but
if necessary I will be quite ready in. 20 minutee,"—Oace
Wok.