The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-12 00:00:00

CITY COMMISSION OF SEWERS.

Yesterday, at a meeting of the Commissioners of
Sewers, held at Guildhall, Deputy Christie in the
chair, Dr. Letheby, the medical officer, reported,
touching the sanitary condition of the city, on the
state of 189 houses that had been inspected during
the week, and he submitted a list of 49 places for
sanitary improvement. He also reported that the
officers had seized 1,5281 b. of meat and 19 head of
game and poultry as unfit for human food. Much
of this was in a putrid condition, and 1,4611 b. were
diseased. All of it had been destroyed as unfit for
food. The mortality returns aro still below the
average for the season, the number of deaths for
the week being 49, instead of 55, which is the aver-
age number for the corresponding period of the last
five years. 17 of the deaths were among children
of less than 5 years of age, and 18 among old per-
sons of 60 and upwards. Most of the deaths were
from diseases of a chronic character. The number
of deaths from affections of the lungs has been
greatly reduced during the last fortnight, and last
week there were but five deaths from zymotic dis-
eases—namely, two from scarlet fever and one from
each of the following—whooping-cough, croup, and
diphtheria.- There were no deaths from fever,
diarrhoea, or the other diseases common to the sea-
son. Deputy Farrar presented a memorial signed.
Hitchcock,severalmbyessrs.
of the large mercantile firms in busi-
ness at the north-western end of St. Paul's
Churchyard and Paternoster-row, including
Longman,andmany
Messrs.
others,
complaining Hamilton aod
serious inconvenience to which they are subjected
by the atmosphere being pervaded by a noxious and
sickening effluvium from the melting of fat and
other kinds of animal substances,_ on an extensive
scale, by Messrs. Knight, in Pa ernost er-ro
Paternoster-row. Mr.
Farrar said all attempts to tabate the nuisance in
question had signally failed, and the business and
health of the persons in the immediate vicinity were
sensibly affected by it. In 1853 Mr. Simon, the
then officer of health to the commission, reported
against the evil, which was felt as much
gaslynow, and in 1858 Dr. Letheby did the same;
tsrhterecoonnmmending at the same time recourse to certain
regulations for abating it. Messrs. Cuthbert, then
the occupiers of the premises, carried out those re-
commendations, but the premises had since changed
hands, and the nuisance had increased to so great
men employed in the
had relinquished their
employment
a immediate
extent
neighbourhoodt
hmanye rather
than
h ayoung
n longer endure the nauseous
vapour. Several
7in experiencemembers of the Court
the offensiveurtboretesti-
mony from their o
smell from the process in question, and eventually
it was referred to the medical officer to view the
premises and
evil may be remedied. On the recommendation of
give his opinion to the Court how the
the Improvement Committee the Couratmdaldo, made anin
order for setting back the houses 8,9, n
Broad-street, with the view to widen and improve
that important thoroughfare.

CONTENTS.
DUKES Selkirk Denman
Beaufort Shrewsbury Do Ros
Cleveland Stanhope Dinevor
Manchestt:r Stradbrelte Downs
Richmond Strathmore Egerton
Rutland Vane Feversham
MARQPIFISES Verulait Forester
Abercorn Winton (Earl Eg- Grantley
Bath (Teller) linton) Kenyon
Cholmondeley VISCOUNTS Kingsdown
Exeter Canterbury Leconfield
Normanby De Vesci Lyveden
Salisbury; Doneraile Maryborough (Ear]
EARLS Dungannon Mornington)
Amherst Hardinge Northwick
Aylesford Hood Polwarth
Bantry Hutchinson (Earl Raglan
Beauchamp Donoughmore) Redesdalo
Cardigan Lifford Rollo
Carnarvon Strathallan Saltersford (Earl
Cawdor LORDS Courtown)
Coventry Bagot Saltoun
Derby Berners Silchester (Earl
Devon Boston Longford)
Doncaster (Duke of Brougham and Skelmersdale
Buccleuch and Vaux Somerhill (Marquis
Queensberry) Cal thorpe Clanricarde)
Ellesmere Castlemaine Sondes
Erne Chelmsford Southampton
Harrington Churston St. John of Blesto
Lanesborough Clements (Earl Strathspey (Ear]
Lonsdale Leitrim) Seafield)
Malmesbury Clifton (Earl Darn- Templem ore
Mayo ley) Tenderden
Nelson Colchester Teynham
Orkney Colville of Cuiross Tredegar
Pomfret (Teller) Walsingham
Powis Conyers Wynford
Romney Delamere
NOT•• CONTENTS. •
LORD CHANCELLOR VISCOUNT LORDS
Campbell Torrington Hunsdon (Viscount
DUKES BISHOPS Falkland)
Devonshire Bath and Wells Leigh
Newcastle Carlisle Llanover
Somerset Down, &c.' Methuen
MARQUISES Durham Minster (Marquis
Bristol Ripon Con ham
Camden LORDS Monteagle(Marquis
Lansdowne Abercromby Sligo)
EARLS Ashburton Overstone
Airlie Boyle (Earl Cork Ponsonby (Earl
Albemarle and Orrery) Bessborough)
Caithness Camoys (Teller) Rivers
Chichester Carew Rossie (Lord Kin-
Clarendon Chesham naird)
De Grey Churchill Sandys
Ducie Cranworth Faye and Sele
Granville Crewe Stanley of Alderley
Grey Dartrey (Lord Cre- Sundridge (Duke
Harrowby morne) Argil)
Portsmouth Ebury Talbot de Malahide
Saint Germans Foley (Teller) Taunton
Spencer Harris Truro

VISCOUNT Hatherton
Sydney Herbert

Wensleydale
Wodehouse

THE UNITED STATES.

From a table published by the New York E.o-
nonzist, in May, 1860, we learn that at that period
there were in the Union 1,476 bank, possessing a
realised capital of 401,976,242 dollars. Since the
crisis of 1857 the realised capital of these banks has
increased by a sum of 31,000,000 dollars. The
proportion borne by specie to bank paper differs in
various States. In the Eastern States it amounted
a year ago to 331 per cent. ; in the Central States
to 88 per cent.; in the Southern States to 281 per
cent. ; in the South-Western to 74 ; and in the
Western to 19 per cent.
In the four years preceding 1860 the number of
emigrants to America from Europe has sensibly
diminished, as will be apparent from the following
statement :

In 1856 there arrived in the United States from
Europe 224,496 emigrants.
„ 1857
„ 1858
„ 1859
'['he number of emigrants who landed at New York
in 1860 only amounted to 103,621.
Previous to the secession of the Southern States
the regular army of the Union amounted to
12,900 men, and the militia to 3,070,987, of which
number 51.460 were officers. A year ago there
were 27,857 miles of railroad in actual operation
in the States ; at present many of the liner are
closed and the traffic suspended. The European
countries whose commerce will most suffer from
the civil war now prevailing are Great Britain,
Spain, France, with the Brazils. The importations
from England and the exports from America to this
country exceed five times in value the commodities
imported from and exported to France, as will ap-
pear from the following figures :—The imports from
England in 1859, according to the latest accounts,
amounted in value to 157,993,877 dols., while those
from France only amounted to 31,447,005 dols.
The exports from American ports to England and
her colonies were valued in the same year at
215,679,761 dols., and to France at 45,107,074 dole.
American importations from Spain considerably
exceed those from France, amounting, as they do,
in value to 44,505,409 dole. The exports from the
States to Spain are but one-half the value of the
imports, amounting only to 22,917,402.
The value of the imports of the free States from
foreign countries, according to the latest accounts,
amounted to 305,813,000 &is., while the slave
States imported only to the amount of 32,955,000
waeTxvhheni
eel
while
edttxahitpene os
frvret
aesxlepuo
efso
export
tahh
teteeo sae
xt ahpveeore
rypStaostlrauht tefaettsoih,
of
eonlnfsBr
7et
ahe,
r6ees2
to7oat,
ontheolesyor.
hand, dole.
Tvdaolillesu.e:d at 169,163,000 dole.
The population of the free States was reckoned in
the year 1860 at 27,667,000, while the population of
the slave States was only 3,910,000. The export-
ing and importing free States are
sixteen in number,
the principal being New -York, Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania, Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, Con-
necticut, and California. The slave States carry-
ing on an import and export trade are ten, viz.,
Louisiana, Maryland, the two Carolinas, Virginia,
Delaware, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Texas.
In the years 1858 and 1859 the number and ton-
nage of European ships entering the American
ports were as follows :
(1) English 18,75851 vessels, carrying 4,202,105 tons.
(2) Hanseatic
)1
448,616 „
(3) Spanish 483
79 140,155 „
(4) Swedish 174 66,722 „
(5) French 132
77 43,788 „
It will be seen from this table that England alone
sent eighteen times as many ships to the States as
all the rest of Europe, and five times as much
tonnage.
The Northern States chiefly produce the cereals
and plants found in Northern Europe. In the Cen-
tral States tobacco and hemp are chiefly grown. In
the Southern States, properly so called, the prin-
cipal products are:cotton, rice, and sugar. Indian
corn grows in all the States. Of late years the vine
has been much grown in particular localities. The
numerous German emigrants settled in Ohio and
Missouri assiduously cultivate the vine, and sell at
Cincinnati and St. Louis a wine said to be very
tolerable. In the year 1859 the district of Los
Angelos exported 325,000 gallons of this wine to
San Francisco.
The cotton crop of 1859 and 1860 exceeded all
former yields of that material. It produced
4,675,770 bales, being 824,289 bales in excess of
the cotton harvest of 1858 and 1859; 3,774,173
bales, or four-fifths of the total of this amount,
was exported to Europe, England receiving
2,669,432 bales, France 589,587 bales, and the
North of Europe and other countries the re-
mainder.

aojfestys Emigration Co
their' intention to receive
nl-
in i
!iEMo
ni
eGrRs AhTalvOe Ng.i—vertlineortiMee
tenders to-morrow (Thursday) for three ships—viz., two
for the conveyance of Chinese emigrants from Hong Kong
or Whampoa to British Guiana, to be ready for the recep-
tion of passengers on the 14th November and 16th Decem-
ber; and one for the conveyance of a party of emigrants
from this country to Natal, to sail not sooner than the Ist
of August.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag-
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inindifferent only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esg., health sending
77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
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insuring the removal
nerves, sound lungs, and
PrZees'hoinf gpselrfeeecpt, tdoigthesetmiono;t
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cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrheas,
dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds,
noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions,
hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi-
tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms,
sinking, fits, bracliitia.--I`ilugueetlonably the_latost Quid@
to liestltb.!',

NEW YORK, MAY 28.
The troops that were pushed into Virginia last
week have since occupied their time in throwing
up earthwork intrenchments. With that exception
no move of importance has taken place since my
last letter. General Scott's position to the west of the
Potomac is now regarded as secure. His lines ex-
tend from a point opposite Georgetown to Alexan-
dria, and the advance scouts are thrown out to the
westward about 20 miles. The bridges on the rail-
way from Alexandria to Leesburg—up the valley of
the Potomac towards Harper's Ferry—have been
destroyed by direction of General Scott, and the
rebel forces have done the same with the bridges
on the railway leading from Alexandria, by way of
Fairfax, to the Manasses Gap. It is stated in the
telegrams from Washington this morning that the
Southern troops are concentrating on Manasses
Gap and constructing intrenchments there. As this
would be the most natural thing for them to do I

think it very likely that the news is correct. The

possession of the Manasses Gap Railway by the Go-
vernment forces would cut off direct communication

between the Harper's Ferry forces and those sta-
tioned at Richmond; and General Scott's move-
ments point plainly to such a possession. Then the
large force collected at Harper's Ferry and in the
valley of Virginia must either fight or retreat. The
Government continue to collect forces at Gettys-
burg and Chambersburg, near the Pennsylvania
line in front of them—the force at the Relay-house
on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad below them is
increased, and troops continue to go forward to
Washington. Since my letter by the Great Eastern
three days since, four regiments of 1,000 each have
gone from this part of the country, one of them a
New Hampshire regiment, and three from the City
of New York. Thus you will see that, as General
Scott increases his forces, he begins to draw his
lines closer about Harper's Ferry. Troops also con-
tinue to go forward to Fort Monroe, though not in so
large numbers. I observe that some of the best regi-
ments have been sent there. Duryce's Zouaves, the
best regiment that has gone from New York,
and the Vermont regiment, also made up of picked
men, have both gone there. The total force re-
ported at Fort Monroe is 6,000, enough for defen-
sive purposes, or to detain a hostile force that other-
wise might be moved North, but apparently not
enough for any offensive movement.

The Union vote in Virginia is unexpectedly large,
and some of the Northern newspapers are hoping
for a majority. Ido not think there is the slightest
chance for such a result. The Secession authorities
have the counting of the votes, which will be enough
to prevent such a result, even were it otherwise
possible.
The State of North Carolina has seceded, and has
also joined the Southern Confederacy absolutely,
without any condition of reference to the people.
I shall fail in my duty as a faithful correspon-
dent if I longer neglect to speak of the growing,
and, so far as I can judge, deep-seated feeling of
regret in the popular mind at the manner in which
England has received the news of the war. This
sentiment began to manifest itself about a month
since, when the public first thought that it per-
ceived manifestations of a change in English public
sentiment towards the South, and it has steadily
increased with each day. I hear from all classes
and all sides bitter complaints against the Govern-
ment—more bitter and more heartfelt than the pas-
sionate outbreaks which you will find in the news-
papers—complaints that the Government hastened,
on the first news of war, to give to the rebels the
support even of a proclamation of neutrality, recog-
nising them as entitled to equal countenance and
consideration with this Government, which has long
been on such friendly terms with the people of Eng-
land. 'Why, it is asked by such persons, does the
British Government meet the United States, con-
tending with persons in rebellion to extend the
domain of Slavery, with a different and harsher
policy than it had for Austria contending with
Hungary P What has the United States done that
England should welcome its disintegration ? How
would England have received a proclamation of
neutrality when Ireland or India rebelled ? Why,
then, has the British Cabinet made such hot haste
said,
on
d giveth s tis faeteul
isn tgo
is rebeldes deep
- seer ? A
ae
te d
widespread,s I
threatening. I can only speak, from my own
knowledge, of the feeling in New York ; but I hew
the same account from all parts of the interior. I
can speak positively about New York, that the
public mind is, however unjustly, rapidly becoming
possessed of the idea that England sympathises
with Southern Slavery in its attacks upon the in-
stitutions of this country ; and that under this
apprehension or misapprehension, the good and
'kindly feeling which three generations of peaceful
and friendly relations have created are vanishing
away. Indeed, whatever may be the fate of the
rebellion, whether successful or a failure, and no
matter what may be hereafter said in England when
the relative strength of the two parties is better
known, I fear that it will be long before the hearty
admiration—one might almost say affection—for
England that existed throughout the North two
months since will be restored.

The new Government loan was taken on Satur-
day at rates equivalent to about 7 per cent. The
loan was apportioned as follows :—Funded stock at
85 to 86, 7,319,750 dols.; Treasury notes at par,
1,674,250 dols. The successful bidders are rapidly
paying their gold into the Sub-Treasury, where the
balance is about 9,500,000 dols., with a probability
of being 12,000,000 dole. before the close of the
week.

The presidents of the leading banks of New York
have addressed the following letter (which speaks
for itself) to the Governor of the State :

" New York, May 13.
To HIS EXCELLENCY E. D. MORGAN, GOVERNOR OP

THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

" Sir,—By proclamation, dated the 26th day of April last,
Joseph E. Brown, Governor of the State of Georgia, sets
forth and declares that property of the citizens of Georgia,
whenever found within thelimits of the anti-slavery States,
in which the said Governor includes the State of New
York, is seized and forcibly taken from its owners.
"And Governor Brown further forbids and refuses to
allow the citizens of Georgia to pay their indebtedness, of
whatever kind or nature, to any citizens of this State, but
invites them to pay the same into the Treasury of the State
of Georgia, in any funds bankable in Augusta or Savannah,
and to receive therefore a certificate of sums so deposited.
We now, as officers of banks in the city of New York,
doing business with banks, bankers, and merchants of
Georgia, and other States, known as the Confederate States
of America, now in revolt against the Government of the
United States, deem it proper to apprise your Excellency
that we do distinctly deny the truth of the statements so
made by the said Governor of the State of Georgia.
" The banks of this city have paid, and continue to pay,
in every case, all draughts against funds deposited, whether
by Southern, Western, or Northern banks, bankers, or
other dealers, and any statement or allegation to the con-
trary is wholly unfounded.
J. A. STEVENS, President of Bank of Commerce,
New York.
" G. S. CoE, President of the American Exchange
Bank.

"J. GALLATIN, President of National Bank.
"J. J. CRANE, President of Bank of Republic.
" G. D. ANGELIS, Cashier of Mechanics' Bank, New
York.

" J. M. MORRISON, President of Manhattan Bank.
" J. E. WILLIAMS, President of Metropolitan Bank.,"

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the threatened attack.

The screw steam storeship Wye left Plymouth
under steam yesterday morning for Rio de Janeiro,
touching at Ascension.
On Monday the Flying Fish, 6 guns, 350-horse
power, Commander J. Anderson, was inspected at
Sheerness by Vice-Admiral W. J. H. Johnstone and
staff, after which she proceeded to Holy Island for
the protection of the Scotch fisheries.

The Cygnet, 5, screw, Commander Thrupp, was
tested yesterday at the measured mile in Stokes
Bay, and attained a speed of rather over 91 knots.
She is expected to sail, after inspection, for the
North America and West India station, She
carries two 25-pounder Armstrongs as pivot guns.
The reconstruction and enlargement of No. 1
dock at Chatham Dockyard—the works connected
with which have: been some considerablii time 'in
progress, in consequence of the difficulties encoun
tered in the formation of the new entrance from the
river—are being rapidly proceeded with by Messrs.
Foord and Sons. In order to afford accommodation
for docking vessels of the size of the present line-
of-battle ships, which were unthought of when this
dock was originally constructed, it is the intention
of the Admiralty to carry the entrance to No. 1
dock some distance beyond its original limits. A
spacious basin, little less than 400 feet in length,
will be obtained. Chatham already possesses one
dock of this kind, but it is likely to be occupied for
the next two years, as the Achilles, 50, is ordered
to be constructed in it.

The following young gentlemen passed their
examinations on the sth, 6th, 7th, and Bth inst., at
the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth :—For Naval
Cadetships—F. S. Grieve, W. B. Elliott, T. S.
Brand, R. L. Groome, M. H. Drummond, E. R. W.
Noble, A. D. Woodd, A. W. Brookes, C. G. Q.
Crawford, H. M. C. Festing, G. J. Temple, C. G.
Gardner, L. A. R. Barrow, F. H. Johnston, E. U.
Rolfe, B. D. Acland, C. Gardner, W. Farr, E. G.
Elwes, H. F. Marryatt, J. L. Burr, Hon. P. J.
Stanhope, W. F. Karslake, E. G. Deedes, W. N.
Willink, F. W. Cobb, F. H. N. Harvey, H. C.
Sayce, C. J. Norcock, W. 'Wilson, R. A. Carbonell,
H. J. Oldfield, W. L. Morrison, H. P. T. Skinner,
Hon. C. E. Groves, E. F. Grove, H. H. Askew A.
Vautier, H. F. Hay, W. W. Pughe, F. Chalmer, A.
M. Bowles, and F. E. Marsland. For Masters'
Assistants—W. W. Browne, L. J. W. Thomas, J.
E. Coghlan, H. C. Mills, R. J. Phillips, W. S. R.
Gow, W. F. Wheeler, A. Hamilton, J. H. Dutton,
J. T. A. White, and A. J. De Ridder. For Marine
Cadets—F. J. Ludgater, E. S. Innes, J. E. Allen,
C. H. Scaife, A. B. Liardet, R. A. D. Ramsay, H.
M. Clements, T. Crafer, and H. E. Mortimer.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. F. Johnson, to the
Cornwallis; Lieut, H. C. Onslow, to the Megoara ;
C. T. S. de Michelle, midshipman, to the Revenge;
A. S. Philpotts, midshipman, to the Ariadne ; Wm.
H. Houghton, acting chief engineer, to the Dragon;
Peter Greetham and George T. Crook, first-class
assistant engineers, to the Dragon; Henry Parry,
confirmed to the rank of first-class engineer in the
Indus, as supernumerary ; Richard Oliver and
William Allan, second•class assistant engineers, to
the Dragon ; Richard S. Kiernan, acting second-
class assistant engineer, to the Dragon; J. 5. Blun-
den, engineer, to the Cumberland, for charge of the
Griffon ; Charles A. Roebuck, acting engineer, to
the Cumberland, for charge of the Carnation.