The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY FWENING, AUGUST 19, 1861.

and only those slaves declared free who have been
used against the Federal Government. If, how-
ever, the slaves can be informed of the Act, they
will no doubt find out in great numbers that they
have been employed in military service, and present
themselves to the unwilling North as those to
whose services, under the Act, their old masters
have no • claim. Wcro the principle, however,
carried out, the greater part of the slaves indi-
rectly contribute to maintain the war, besides
being the primary cause of it. Mr. LINCOLN, how-
ever, is not an abolitionist. He is encumbered with
half-loyal bo;der States. Kentucky has just
voted to be loyal ; Maryland is divided as
well as Missouri. He has doubtless an
awkward game to play ; but it would
be the cheapest thing he could do to purchase
emancipation at a fair rate per head in the border
States, and to confiscate, that is, declare the slaves
free in all the rebel States. They have forfeited
all claim that he should respect an institution for
which they are up in arms against their Chief
Magistrate.

The privateers and the inefficiency of the
blockade threaten to become a serious affair. Be-
sides those at New York, there are thirty captured
privateers' men in prison in Philadelphia. Can
they be dealt with as pirates ? General BEAURE-
GARD has informed the PRESIDENT that he shall
treat his captives as the privateers' crews are
treated, which will cool the contemptuous wrath
of many a Northerner. The plea of their being
pirates was successfully used by the Crusader, Fede-
ral gun-boat, in Cuba. The Sumpter privateer
took six prize vessels into the port of Cienfuegos,
and, leaving them there, sailed away. The captain
of the Crusader saw the Governor, told him he
regarded the Sumpter as a pirate, and should treat
her as such if he found her, and then went off
with the six vessels. France or England would
not have harboured the prizes at all. If Spanish
law enabled the Governor to do so, it was a neat
little Yankee trick on the part of Captain CRAVEN.
The Secession privateers are reported to be very
active in the Gulf of Mexico ; and the coast of
North Carolina, we are told, swarms with them.
It appears too, that from Wilmington, North Caro-
lina, a Confederate privateer with two guns, the
Mariner, had put to sea, and that British vessels
came in daily and took out ship's stores without
interference. From all these facts it appears
that the watch kept on the coast is of the most
inefficient kind. Indeed, it will be difficult for the
American Courts to condemn any vessel for
breaking such a blockade.
By the last accounts M'CLELLAN was taking
the proper step of requesting the newspapers nqt
to publish any of his movements and pro-
ceedings which would give the South information
of what he was doing. It is, however, a fact that
the North has many more traitors in its ranks
than the South, and that General BEAU-
REGARD has known the position and move-
ments of his rivals much better than they
have known his. We are now told that
the South suffered much more than the North in
the late encounter, that their losses are heavier, and
the officers who fell of a superior class. It was this
which caused their inaction ; and M'CLELLAN has
improved the delay to put all things on a better
footing on his side. It was time. Men are
coming in fast. The examination of the
civilian officers before they are admitted to com-
mand, has stopped the creation of fancy
regiments, but the men are fully aware that the rout
at Bull's Run was chiefly due to the incompetence of
the officers, and they are now:proportionally ready to
serve. The lesson will not, we trust, be lost on our
volunteers at home. We fear that our fancy ama-
teur officers are bur weak point. An officer's duty
now is a science ; and men must be able to trust
their leader for knowing what he is doing, and
what ho ought to do.

The Princess Kotschouby has arrived at Cla-
ridge's Hotel, from Paris.
The Due de has arrived at the Bruns-
wick Hotel, Jermyn-street.
The Earl and Countess of Devon and Lady
Agnes Courtenay are passing the autumn at Newcastle, his
lordship's residence in Ireland. Lord Courtenay left town
some days since, to join the family circle.

At the invitation of the Right Hon. F. Peel,
M.P., about one thousand of the working classes of Bury
will pay a visit to-day to the hon. gentleman at his seat,
Hampton-in-Arden, near Coventry.

EARL FORTESCUE.—The Western Times says :
" We regret to have heard some rumours of an unsatisfac-
tory nature respecting the health of our noble lord-lieu-
tenant ; but, as usual, rumour outruns the fact, we are
glad to say. His lordship, it is true, has had a slight re-
lapse, but so far from there being anything serious in the
symptoms, we have authoriiy to state that the noble earl,
the countess, and family, are expected at Castle Hill by the
close of this present week."

The Queen Dowager of Spain and their Royal
Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier, with
several friends and suite, visited the Crystal Palace on
Saturday, and afterwards had a banquet a la Russe in the
new rooms, south wing.
FUNERAL OF THE BISHOP OF DURHAM.—The
funeral of the Bishop of Durham took place at a quarter to
12 on Friday morning, at Bishop Auckland. The coffin was
borne by the Bish4p's workmen. The pall bearers were
the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of London, the Bishop
of Carlisle, and other eminent ecclesiastics. The service
was read by the rector of the parish. The chief mourners
were the late bishop's sons, the Rev. Mr. Cheese, the Hon.
C. P. Villiers, M.P., brother to the bishop, and Sir G. C.
Lewis, brother-in-law to the deceased. After the service
the body was removed to a corner in the chapel, where a
vault had been made to receive it.

PRINCE ALFRED IN LIVERPOOL—On Saturday
afternoon a telegram from Queenstown announced that his
Royal Highness Frince Alfred was one of the passengers on
board the Royal Mail steamship Arabia, which would arrive
in Liverpool in the course of that evening. This intelli-
gence was immediately conveyed by Mr. Chas. M'lver to
the Mayor; and, as the precise hour of the Arabia's arrival
could not be calculated, his worship ordered apartments to be
prepared for the Prince at the Adelphi Hotel. Expectation
of the arrival of the Prince having been previously enter-
tained, a Royal saloon carriage was forwarded to Liverpool
to await his arrival. The fact that the Arabia had passed
Holyhead at 10 minutes past 4 in the afternoon having been
ascertained, and Mr. M'lver having kindly placed the
steam tender Satellite at the disposal of the Mayor, his wor-
ship, accompanied by Mr. David M'lver and Capt. Luck-
craft, R.N., left St. George's Pier about 8 o'clock, and pro-
ceeded seaward in search of the Arabia, which they
fell in with a little beyond the bar. His Royal highness
immediately went on board the Satellite, and, accompanied
by the gentlemen already named, proceeded up the river to
St. George's Pier, where they arrived about 25 minutes be-
fore 11 o'clock. Here a large concourse of ladies and gen-
tlemen were assembled to welcome him, and on his landing
cheered him with great enthusiasm. His Royal Highness
immediately on landing entered the Mayor's state carriage,
and drove off to the Lime-street station of the London and
North-Western Railway, where he entered the saloon car-
riage which was waiting for him, and started for London
at a quarter past 11 o'clock. At the station considerable
numbers were also assembled to meet him and witness his
departure.
an
nTihrseray
immense
douhnimt 0
fldouiedelpypeainndtmweintht
bglenagt
felten-
thusiasm,
that he did not remain a day or two in Liverpool. llis
Royal Highness, it is understood, is on a three months'
leave of absence, and was naturally desirous of meeting his
august relatives at the earliest possible moment. He ex-
pressed great satisfaction with the arrangements made for
his reception, and also with the accommodation he had ex-
perienced on board the Arabia.
Mr. AND MRS. GERMAN REED'S ENTERTAIN-
TENT.—The last evening representation this season, at the
Royal Gallery of Illustration, 14, Regent-street, will take
place, on Friday, August, 30, at eight o'clock, and the
last morning performance on Saturday, August 31, at
three. Mr. and Mrs. German Reed and Mr. John Parry,
owing to the great success of the present entertainment,
will not visit the provinces this autumn, but will resume
their London season, on returning from a short continental
tour in October. Novelties of an interesting character, in-
cluding several original ballads, will be introduced into
" Our Card Basket, and " The Two Rival Composers."
WHEAT FOR FRANCE.— S everal vessels have been
loading with wheat for France during the past week in the
Wisbech River, the reports received with regard to the
French harvest inducing the conclusion that our neighbours
Will this year have to mod to large importations of grain.

JUDGES' SALARIES.—The " Finance accounts "
show that there was paid last year from the Consolidated
Fund £323,000 for salarie74 of judges, and £66,000 for pen-
sions to retired judges. In view of these figures the tax-
payer will be content that it was fully determined by Par-
liament not to add another £5,000 a-year to the account
until it is seen whether the changes in the Bankruptcy
Court will really require it.
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND
BELGIUM.—The following is a copy of a letter received
by the Hull Chamber of Commerce—" Office of Com-
mittee of Privy Council for Trade.—Whitehall,
August 14, 1861.—Sir,--With reference to my letter of
the 16th ultimo, I ern directed by the Lords of the
Committee of Privy Council for Trade to request that
you will inform the council of the Chamber of Commerce
of Kingston-upon-Hull that her Majesty's Government are
in communication with the Belgian Government on the sub-
ject of the commercial relations between this country and
Belgium. I am, sir, your obedient servant, T. H. FARRAR.
—The Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Kingston-
upon-Hull." 1
AMENDMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS.—The
several acts passed in the late session to consolidate and
amend the criminal laws have just been printed. The acts
will come into operation on the Ist of November. With
regard to " accessories," it is provided that accessories
before the fact may be tried and punished as principals,
and they may be indicted as accessories, or as substantive
felons. As to abettors in misdemeanours, they are to be
tried, indicted, and punished as principal offenders. There
are several new laws as to felonies; and one as to coinage,
in which it is declared an offence to mark coin with letters,
and also an offence to utter the same.
LIFEBOAT SERVICES. PENMON, ANGLESEY,
AUG. 16.—0 n Wednesday, about 7 p.m., a smack was ob-
served riding at anchor with a signal of distress flying,
about a mile from this station. The wind was blowing
strong at the time, with heavy rain. The lifeboat of the
National Lifeboat Institution, stationed at this place, very
soon arrived alongside the smack, she was found to have
carried away her main-boom, and to have only one cable
out, which the captain said he feared would give way every
moment, and his vessel be driven on Puffin Island. At
his request the lifeboat remained alongside until 11 o'clock
p.m., when the weather having moderated the vessel for-
tunately got out of danger. She proved to be the smack
Pink, of Chester, bound from that place to Dulas, with a
cargo of coals.

YORKSHIRE COAL MINES.—Mr. Morten, inspec
for of coal mines, reports that above 8,500,000 tons of coals
were drawn in Yorkshire last year, and happily the number
of persons killed at the collieries was but 50, or one death
for every 170,000 tons raised. This is the smallest actual
number of deaths in any one of the last 10 years, although in
that period the number of collieries has increased from 260
to about:4oo. Yorkshire contrasts very favourably with the
average of the whole kingdom in regard to these accidents,
but still the inspector has to report that nearly all the 14
deaths ascribed to explosive gas might have been prevented
by locked safety lamps properly and fairly used, and that
many of the other deaths were preventible and might have
been avoided by the exercise of reasonable vigilance, com-
mon prudence, and ordinary skill.
A GOOD INVESTMENT.—Among the payments
made by the Hull corporation is an annuity of £76 to one
Henry Saxoni, a foreigner, and of which annuity that in-
dividual has been in receipt for 56 years past. It appears
that in the early part of this century the Hull corporation,
in order to raise money, resorted to the system now in vogue
in some public and Government offices, of granting annui •
ties. Saxoni, who is now about 96 years of age, was a tight-
rope dancer, who came to this town and advanced to the
corporation the sum of £BOO ; the consideration being that
he was to receive for the rest of his life an annuity of £76—
being nearly 10 per cent. on the amount. Mr. Saxoni's
longevity has enabled him to receive, by way of annuity,
about five times the amount of principal advanced by him.
—Hull Packet.
THE CATTLE TRADE.—DONCASTER, Aug. 17.
Our market to-day was but scantily supplied with stock,
farmers being too busy with harvest to show. We had a
moderate inquiry for milch cows at the rates of last Satur-
day. Other descriptions of stock were scarcely inquired
for. Sheep met a fair sale; lambs ranging from 21s to 30s
per head. Pigs sustained a reduction of 6d per head on
small ones, strong ones and stores made about the same
prices as were obtained this day sen'night. Nonwicir,
Aug. 17.—There was a pretty good show of store cattle at
to-day's market, but, the attendance from the country being
again limited in consequence of the pressure of harvest,
business was dull ; still former rates were about supported
and an average clearance was effected. Fat beasts, 8s to
Ss fid per 141 b. The sheep trade was in much the same state
as that for beasts ; fat sheep, 8s to 8s 6d, and prime lots, 9s
per 141 b.

AURIFEROUS STEEL.—The excitement which
has been created by Mr. William Lengmaid's process of
manufacturing auriferous and platinised steel will naturally
cause the details of the invention to be read with interest;
we are glad, therefore, to be enabled to publish the com
plete specification of the patent. Although the proposal to
alloy iron and steel with gold and platinum is not claimed
by Mr. Longmaid as new, his discovery is one which, upon
its advantages being satisfactorily demonstrated, will secure
him an enviable reputation both in the chemical and manu-
facturing worlds : it has been found that the addition of

several pounds weight of gold or platinum to the ton of
steel " failed in producing any beneficial results," but Mr.
Longmaid has discovered that by adding instead of several
pounds only a few ounces, or even a few dwts., of the pre-.
cious metal to the ton of steel, the effect is marvellous, and
a very excellent quality of metal is produced. Mr. Long-
maid is well known as an inventor, and it is to be hoped
that in the production of good steel ho will be es successful
as he has been in his other discoveries.—Mining Journal.
AN ACTOR'S CLAIM FOR SALARY.—In the Sal-
ford County Court, last week, the case Rogerson v. Egan
was heard. The plaintiff, who is an actor, sought to recover
from the manager of the Queen's Theatre a week's salary,
on the ground that he had not received a month's notice of
dismissal, according to the rules of the theatre. The
plaintiff put in his letter of engagement, by Which it ap-
peared that he was engaged to play " first old men," but
not to object to other parts. It was proved that in June
the plaintiff was " cast" for Tapwell in " A New Way to
Pay Old Debts," which part he refused to play. The judge
asked whether, in this case, he claimed Sir Giles Overreach
as "first old man;" to which the plaintiff replied that
Mara. was by right his part. His Honour said the case
did not rest upon a question of parts. For the defendant it
was proved that the plaintiff received a month's notice, and
that his salary had been paid during that time. Judgment
was given for the defendant, the judge holding that a verbal
notice before a witness was good in law.
STRANGE QUARTERS AT MARGATE.—The town of
Margate has been so densely packed with visitors during
the last week or two that many who made no provision for
obtaining accommodation before getting to the place have
had to make the most curious shifts with regard to lodgings.
Saturday nights pour in visitors by boat and railway by
hundreds, and, almost every house being crammed with
lodgers, the greatest difficulty is found in getting shelter.
Many who would willingly pay any amount of money for
accommodation of any sort are obliged to sleep in stables,
in bathing machines, under shop-counters, and not unfre-
quently in the cornfields. A single room in the least eligible
neighbourhood, whenever such a thing is to be let, cannot
be obtained for less than from 255. to 30s. a week, while the
amount demanded for accommodating a family in anything
like a decent part of the town, or commanding a view of the
sea, is enough to drive an economical Paterfamilias out of
his senses. Such a season as the present has not been
known for many years in Margate, and those who are de-
pendent upon the annual summer visitors are turning their
chances to the best possible account.
HORRIBLE CRUELTY BY A SCHOOLMASTER.—At
the Tunstall Police-court, a few days ago, -William Bain-
bridge, an elderly man of respectable appearance, and the
master of the Wesleyan day school, at Chesterton, was
charged with committing a very serious and cowardly as-
sault on a little boy, under seven years of age, named Wm.
Dutton, by boating him unmercifully with a cane. The
appearance of the child's shoulders and back bore ample
evidence of the severe treatment he had received from the
defendant, being covered with livid bruises, as though the
injuries had been inflicted with a poker instead of a cane. The
child attended the school of which defendant was master, and
on Monday morning went as usual, but when he came home
at noon his back and shoulders were covered with great
wheals and bruises, which showed even more then than when
exhibited in court. Defendant, with an effrontery which was
rather astonishing under the circumstances, said he had
" personally no indictment against the child," and that he
had corrected him as ho had done at the request of his
mother. (This the mother emphatically-denied.) The de-
fendant also stated that he had been a schoolmaster since
the year 1819, and for 30 years had been a schoolmaster at
Cheeddleton, coming to Chesterton only in February last.
Mr. Rose said this was one of the worst cases he had ever
aealt with. The defendant had as nearly murdered the
child as he dared, and if he (Mr. Rose) were sitting alone,
he should certainly have sent him to six months' hard
labour. As, however, his brother magistrates were of
opinion that a lighter punishment would meet the case, he
should commit him to prison with hard labour for two
months.—Bientinghain Post.

OLD IZAAC WALToN's theory that fishermen are
generally harmless, honest men, applies to these times as
well as to his own days. I have mixed often with them at
fishing inns, and my experience has been that a fast man
would be much out of his element in their society. The
evenin,7, talk runs mostly ox gorge hooks, paternosters,
hair lines, gut lines, and the like. Many a fish is killed
over again, pending the enjoyment of solemn pipes, and
occasionally in winti,r time a rubber at long whist for
penny points,
"with snuffed candles, a well swept hearth,
and the rigour of the game" (as Charles Lamb says), varies
the evening's amusement. Then there are good old stories
of wonderful fish which have been caught in days gone by,
and we never think of doubting the assertion of steady-
going, old-fashioned frequenters of the house, " that fifty
years ago the water was the finest in England ," nor do
wo question the weight—quoted from memory—of a pike
which was taken in the Waterloo year by the narrator of
the incident, who deplores the removal of an old weir where
he landed his prizes—Once a Week,

_ C
L t., k
N 11.4 V S.

PARIS, Aua. 19.

The Moniteur of this morning publishes the text
of the convention between France and England for
regulating the immigration of Indian labourers.

NAPLES, Auo. 18.

News has been received here that a band of
brigands were surprised by some French troops in a
house on the Pontifical frontier.

One brigand was killed, and five taken prisoners
The rest fled into Italian territory.

NAPLES, Auct. 17.

News from the province of Avellino states that
the Reactionists had been everywhere beaten or
were in flight.
Twenty-nine priests and three monks have been
arrested at Castellamare.

At Sorrento, Riano, and Amalfi several reaction-
ary preachers have been arrested, among whom is
the Vicar-General of Sorrento.

AUG. 18.

The Royal troops have surrounded and made pri-
soners the reactionary bands on the mountains near
Cancello.

The town of Cipriano was taken after a shor

resistance.

TURIN, AUG. 16.

The Opinione of to-day says:—

" General Cialdini is said to have reminded the
Government that he had only provisionally accepted
the Lieutenancy of Naples, that he would preserve
the military command, and would accomplish his
mission of purging the country of brigands, but
that he could no longer occupy himself with the
civil administration.

" He now demands, therefore," adds the report
" that a Lieutenant should be appointed in his stead.
Another motive for this resolution is stated to be
the disagreement which arose between General
Cialdini and Signor Lanselli on the occasion of the
demonstrations recently made against the Deputies.

" General Cialdini will continue to exercise the
functions of the Lieutenancy until a new Lieute-
nant shall have been provided by the Ministry."

EVENING.

The Official Gazette of to-day announces the
rupture of the railway contract with M. Talabot,
and says,—
"The works will be proceeded with on account
of the Government."

The Minister of Public Works will go to Naples

to-morrow.

AUG. 18.

The rumour of General Cialdini's resignation is
unfounded. He will remain at his post until the
accomplishment of his mission.

Signori Cantelli and Blasio have resigned, but
will remain in office until the Government has pro-
vided substitutes.

EVENING.

It is believed that Garibaldi will go to Naples on
the 7th of September, the anniversary of the day
on which he entered that city.
The Government is preparing grand fetes for
the occasion.

ROME (via MARSEILLES), AUG. 14.

The subscription to the Cavour monument con-
tinues, notwithstanding the efforts of the police to
prevent it.