The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-02 00:00:00

T H E

O X F O R D,
6, OXFORD-STREET.
This noble building being now completed, its architectural
beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting
render it one of the sights of the metropolis. Open Every
Evening. The programme is varied, and includesa Selections
(by a full company of principals, powerful band, nd chorus)
from "Macbeth" and "Un Ballo in Maschera." both opera
Duetss
by Verdi, the composer of the day—The wonderful Solos on
the Cornet-a-Piston of the renowned LEVY—Scotch by
the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music
of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Comic portion of the entertainment is supported by Miss
Green, Messrs. Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the Nerves),
W. R. Wieland, E. Marshall. and W. Randall. Admission,
sixpence ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. private
Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DA.T.—Morning, Bh. 54m.—Afternoon,: 9h. 26m.
To-moußow.-Morning, 9h. 58m.—Afternoon, 10h. 30m.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, JULY 2, 1561.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADY.
75—highest since noon yesterday.
52—lowest this morniag and during the night.
69—this day at ROOll.

BA.RolrrEn.-30.0 ; falling again.'
Wrana—West- North - Westerly ; fresh, with cloudy
weather.

LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1861.

Is the "sick man" about to rally ? It were early
yet to predict anything like convalescence, but the
symptoms are at least favourable, Our readers
probably noticed yesterday the sweeping reforms
which the new SULTAN had at once introduced or
determined on for his civil list; and civil list
reform was the great reform needed in Turkey,
ABDUL MEDJID was at the mercy of the ambas-
sadors in everything else, religious toleration not
excepted ; but no ambassador, nor all of them
together, could bend his will on the matter of his
Harem with its incidentals, and Palace building.
He was respectfully warned by all the Powers
interested in the stability of his Kingdom that his
financial system must be rectified, and they indi-
cated the enormous expenditure on the Civil List
as the first to be reduced. The feeble debauchee,
superannuated at thirty•eight, seemed to assent ;
the promise of reduction was even published, but
it never took effect. He had a will as strong as
that of his vigorous father MAHMOUD on the one
subject of spending what he pleased on his Harem
and on palaces ; and he spent on still, no Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer nor House of Commons
existing to remind him that he was not absolute
master of his own treasury. The army might go
unpaid and in rags, the navy might be in the same
condition, but ABDUL MEDJID would spend in the
style of an Oriental despot, let who would in-
terfere.

ABDUL Aziz seems, however, to bo a different
stamp of man to his deceased brother. A Hamm
at fifteen years of ago does not appear to have per•
verted his tastes and enfeebled his powers. He is
the husband of one wife ; comes to the throne at
thirty years of age; has had an opportunity to
learn from the weaknesses of his brother; is a
staunch Mahometan ; and if there is reason to fear
an undue proportion of the bigotry of his creed,
he yet has character enough to do something.
One of his first acts has been to set his brother's
large and expensive Harem in order ; while
it will cost him, we suppose, nothing for
a new one. The three hundred wives, or with a
few exceptions, married nuns, maintained by the
late SULTAN, are all to be disposed of in real
matrimony, perhaps to purchasers at a high price,
while the few who have had children are to be pro-
perly provided for. Here will be an immense
saving at once. It seems the public has also to
bear the cost of supporting three hundred widows
of the father of the two Sultans, but as we hear
nothing of arrangements for them, it must be pre.
sumed they are beyond the marketable age. What-
ever difficulty the authors of the Belgraveian
Lament may find, in this country, in marrying their
damsels, ABDUL Aziz foresees no difficulty in
marrying those of whom he will have the dis-
posal ; he will probably find it as good a thing for
himself as for them. They, we presume, will not
sigh over the change.
The reduction accordingly which he proposes
for his civil list is enormous—one-sixth or seventh
of what his brother required will, he says, suffice
him. He will cut it down from £3,000,000 to less
than half a million, to £480,000! And all this at
once, without any JOHN BRIGHT to move a
resolution on the " profligate expenditure of
the Government"—or any Mr. GLADSTONE to
re echo in other words the same charge in
the House of Commons it is really all
ex mero motu. We are told, too, that the civil
and military employees are to be dealt with in the
alrae spirit of Retrenchment. The useless ones
are to be pensioned off, no doubt, on very econo-
mical terms, and the military servants to have
appointments in the army ; work for wages is tobe
the rule. Even the late SULTAN'S own sons appear
to see the necessity of earning their living,
and at their own wish will enter the Military
College. It would
appear also that the
diplomatic corps is to be conducted on a more eco-
nomical scale, and ambassadors required to do duty
at two neighbouring courts when one does not
find them with work enough. If the Spirit of all
these reforms pervade the administration of the
Empire it will effect a groat change indeed.
Turkey is well known
to have abundant resources

to fill her exchequer amply, to place her credit
high, and to enable her to promote the trade, agri-
culture and commerce of her splendid territory till
she becomes, relatively, one of the richest countries
in Europe. Time only can tell whether this is to
be the object, steadily pursued, of the nen SULTAN'S

reign.
One thing must not be forgotten—AßDUL Aztz
is on all hands said to be a firm Mahommedan.
How will this affect his readiness to harmonize
his Government and administration, as far as pos-
sible with the notions of civilised Europe. Finance
is a thing which must be essentially the same under
any Government, Mahommedan or Christian, but
will he be as disposed, as ABDUL MEDJID appears
to have been, to accept the notions of civilized
Europe in regard to the treatment of the Christian
population in his dominions ? Equally important
is the question, what will the fanatical populations
of the remoter provinces de, when they learn that
the occupant of the Throne is no longer a Giaour
reformer, but one who will be disposed
to give to Mahommedans the position in
the empire which they think their own.
Though he must know better than to encourage
risings upon the Christian populations, and savage
slaughters of them, yet it is quite possible that
the rude, ignorant fanatics of distant provinces
may imagine they
may now attempt with impu-
nity what the late SULTAN, they knew, would not
tolerate. If even under his reign they could not be
entirely restrained, it is not unlikely that, under a
new and more orthodox head of the faithful, we
may hear of scenes like those which have recently
occurred in Arabia, and still more recently in the
Lebanon.

A satisfactory understanding has at length been
arrived at in regard to the settlement of the nume-
rous vexatee questiones involved in the Appropria-
tion of Seats (Sudbury and St. Albans) Bill. The
bone of contention, after being ignominiously cast
upon the floor of the House by the Home Secretary,
has been " scrambled " for, has been picked clean,
has been cracked—and they are now (with a relish)
picking the very marrow of it.
The result of this final arrangement can really
be regarded as nothing less than a triumph (in one
sense) for the Opposition, and a signal discomfiture
(upon one clause) for the Government. Recollect
how it was proposed to redistribute the four seats
left vacant during so many years by the miserable
bribery and corruption brought home to the St.
Albans and Sudbury constituencies. Sir GEORGE
LEWIS as Home Secretary introduced the Bill—
now before the Commons in a wonderfully modified
form—as a very ingeniously and elaborately pre-
pared compromise. The four seats "going a-beg-
ging" the right hon. baronet proposed shoald
be thus redistributed :--One to Birkenhead—One to
Chelsea and Kensington—One to the West Riding
of Yorkshire—one to south Lancashire. As the
noble lord the Foreign Secretary well argued how-
ever last evening, the failure of the plan proposed
by his right hon. colleague is after all but a very
partial failure indeed. Three of the clauses in this
bill have been accepted by the House in Committee.
The Commons in Committee have consented to the
award of three out of the four seats, precisely
as suggested by the Home Secretary in the name
of the Government. Kensington and Chelsea,
it is true, are not to have awarded to them the
honour :of Parliamentary representation. Ken-
sington and Chelsea are not each of them to have
half a member of Parliament, as originally pro-
posed by the author of the Bill now under the con-
sideration of the Legislature. Otherwise the Bill
is there before the Commons—at this parti-
cular stage in its development—pretty well
intact. Birkenhead is to have a member—
as proposed by the Home Secretary. South
Lancashire is to have another member also
as proposed by the Home Secretary. The West
Riding of Yorkshire, too—it is by no means
intended by the House of Commons, shall be de-
prived of the additional representative set apart for
it by Sir GEORGE LEWIS in the portentous Little
Reform Bill brought forward this session in the
name and on behalf of the Great Reforming Coali-
tion Government. So far this last assertion is un-
doubtedly the truth—but then it is only half the
truth. The West Riding is not only to have
one new member as proposed by the Go-
vernment—but it is to be divided in twain,
and when so divided, it is to have two
new members as insisted upon by the Opposi-
tion. It is in this modification of the bill that we
recognise, that we are constrained to recognise, this
new success of the Strong Opposition and this new
failure of the Weak Government.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL was quite right, of course,
to plume himself and his colleagues upon the fact
that three out of the four propositions embodied
in the measure before the House have been
accepted by the House—in Committee ! Aye
—but my lord, but Sir GEORGE, but " most grave
and reverend signiors"—how about that other, how
about the fourth seat, how about the manner of its
award to a constituency ? " There's the rub !"
Kensington and Chelsea struck out of the bill as
originally framed—place after place was suggested
for filling up the hiatus caused by the unlooked for
erasure. Sir JAMES GRAHAM had a great deal to
say about the bestowal of the " odd man" upon
the University of London. The Irish members had
countless reasons to give why the vacant seat
should be yielded to the sister island. The Scotch
members had equally cogent arguments to adduce
why the blank (that everyone was struggling for as
a prize) should be sent north of the Tweed for the
honour and glory of the hitherto slighted alma
mater of the Modern Athens. Independent
members, particularly those sitting " below the
salt"—otherwise below the gangway—had no lack
of places to particularise, places that ought to take
precedence of
all others in claiming for themselves
the privilege of owning
this still hypothetical
representative. Government, among so many
claimants, all so
.eager, all so clamorous—got fairly
bewildered. Sir GEORGE LEW'.
Ss as the author
of the Bill, had not a Word to say for
himself in regard to the selection to be made
among these disputants. The Government aban-
doned the vacant seat to the Commons generally--
for a scramble ! Her MAJESTY'S advisers—(evi-
dently ill-advised themselves !) —abdicated their
functions once again, as they had already done upon
so many previous occasions • during this present
session of Parliament, ignominiously abdicated
their functions to the Opposition. And here
again—as had so often occurred previously
in similar emergencies—the Opposition hesitated
not to accept the proffered responsibility. The
right hon. gentleman the Leader of the Opposition
—who may be said now fairly to divide the con-
duct of the affairs of the Commons with the
noble viscount at the head of her MAJESTY'S Go-
vernment—Mr. DISRAELI came in benignantly to
the rescue of the bewildered Administration, told
the noble lords and the right hon. gentlemen sit-
ting opposite to him what they ought to do in
their then dilemma, what it was the most
advisable for them to do, under those peculiarly
anxious and difficult circumstances. And they have
done it—they are doing it—meekly—accordingly !
The West Riding of Yorkshire is to be divided,
according to the suggestion, according to the dicta-

tion of the Opposition. It is to have a northern divi-
sion and a southern division. There are to be two
members (instead of one new member) for the West
Riding—so that when that Riding has been divided,
each division will have two representatives ! Mr.
ROUNDABOUT and his brothers (if he has any)
ought certainly to aspire by right, at the next
general election, to fill the four seats of the Siamese
West Riding—scats the occupants of which
must necessarily require such very round-
about designations! There will be, let us say,
on the one hand, the two hon. or right hon. gentle-
men the members for the Northern Division of the
West Riding of Yorkshire ! And on the other
hand, the two hon. or right hon. gentlemen the
members for the Southern Division of the West
Riding of Yorkshire ! Rather long-winded desig-
nations, it must be allowed, for articulation in the
heat and hurry of debate. Designations, in fact,
so disagreeably circumlocutory in their way,
that they are pretty safe to necessitate something
in the way of a facetious abbreviation or two.
Supposing we offer a hint to this end for the con-
venience of the more rapid debaters in the Com-
mons House of Parliament. Supposing we suggest
that the new members for the north shall be fami-
liarly known as the " Nor' Westers"—and that
the new members from the south shall be
equally well known at the " Sou' Western"—
regular " Sou' Westers." Does the House want to
raise a breeze upon the subject of Parliamentary
reform—Does any one of the Ministry, particu-
larly the Financial Minister, let us say, want to
raise the wind with a ♦iew to the realisation of
what is called political capital—there is surely
the eligible opportunity ! The absurdity of all this
compromise, apart however—that is, if the appro-
priation of Seats (Sudbury and St. Albans) Bill can
be considered apart from the compromise, to the
necessity of yielding to which Sir G. LEWIS and his
colleagues have complacently conformed —lt is
satisfactory, at any rate, to know that the bill
itself (as at one time really seemed to be threatened)
is not to be shelved or cushioned indefinitely. The
bill is to be recommitted once more for certain essential
verbal emendations, and then this wonderful little
Ministerial Reform Bill, as licked into shape by
the Opposition, will have a tolerably fair prospect
before it of winning its way to its, at one time
almost despaired of, haven of rest as a perfected
enactment.

Austria and Hungary are at last brought fairly
face to face. The Diet has sent up its address, and
the EMPEROR has refused to accept it. The result
of several consultations of Ministers has been that
the President of the Hungarian Chamber of Depu-
ties has been sent back with it to Pesth, and that
a royal rescript has informed the Diet that the
address is " disloyal, hostile to the rights of the
Crown, and as such could not be accepted by the
EMPEROR." Moreover the Diet is schooled in its
duty ; it is told to alter both the forin and the con-
tents of the address, and that in case of refusal it
will be dissolved. We shall now, therefore, have a
battle of endurance on one side and probably of vio-
lence on the other. Force will endeavour to over-
ride the clearest legality.

Possibly respecting the form, the Diet may con-
cede a little, It was only by three votes that M.
BEAK'S phraseology, which acknowledged the de
facto sovereignty of the present usurper, was
rejected. Whether the conduct of the Vienna
ministry will irritate the Diet and increase the
number of dissentients from M. BEAK'S view, or
dispose opponents, for peace sake to give war
remains to be seen. It certainly seems, as M.
BEAK remarked, impossible to deny the fact that
the Emperor of AVSTRIA does exercise Sovereign
powers in Hungary ; nor is it apparent that any
form of address which merely acknowledged this,
would compromise the legal position so strongly
taken by the Hungarians. They could still require
him to comply with the conditions requisite to
legal sovereignty, which indeed the address itself
sufficiently indicated.

By far the more important point is, the contents
of the address. These, as our readers will remem-
ber, are nothing more than a well stated argument
on the actual position of things, the legal rights of
Hungary, and a demand for them. There is no-
thing revolutionary in them. Nothing is asked but
the fulfilment of the stipulations of the Pragmatic
Sanction, and the subsequent treaties in virtue of
which alone the EMPEROR has even the shadow of
a title to be KING of Hungary. But those condi-
tions are historically and documentarily clear on
the point that Hungary is no part of Austria ; that
her KING may be EMPEROR of Austria, but that
the union of the two countries can be per-
sonal only, and that, therefore, Hungary and its
annexed parts must have a separate ministry,
a separate army, and a Diet through which the
kingdom is governed. It cannot be required, at the
bidding of usurped authority, to merge its na-
tionality in that of the German provinces, to send
representatives to a Vienna Diet, as a mere pro-
vince of the Empire, and to surrender the right of
voting the taxes, and the number of men in the
army.

These are the main points. We hope most
earnestly that Hungary will be immoveable. A
few years of harassing military persecutions she
may have to endure, but she has set a noble
example before all Europe of asserting the majesty
of right and law against the base, selfish, conceited
and ambitious projects of the odious Germans of
Vienna. They can have no earthly title to gratify
their vanity by swamping a noble and free kingdom
in their universal slavery. Germans are born
slaves ; Hungarians are born freemen ; and it is for
the latter to teach the former that political liberty
is a blessing worth suffering for, and worth, when
the hour comes, fighting for too. So has liberty
been won and retained in the few free countries in
Europe, and so it must be maintained in Hun-
gary. Nothing, of course, is to be hoped for from
Austria but through her necessities. Just now she
seems to enjoy a moment's repose, because
Italy is quiet, and Venetia not yet in danger of
immediate attack. But if the Hungarians wait
awhile, Austria may yet have her work to do in
Italy. GARIBALDI and Colonel TURR are not yet
assassinated. KOSSUTH is printing notes for the
use of a free Hungarian nation where no despot-
loving Home and Foreign Secretaries could suggest
to courts of law to strain their powers against the
noblest of patriots
; and, before another year pass
away, Austria may find it expedient to go on her
knees to Hungary
and to ask permission to wear
her Crown.

THE GREAT PALM HOUSE IN KEW
r
ar-
rangement of the rare foreign plants and t GARDENS.—
cemsaof the vegeatr unique.
l
An alteration and improvement has been made in the ar-
gnifi2e:huas in the great
Allpa l mr-hset o
pv
alms,.,
1,
mwsh, i cs:hn r.
,e n(d thee rs thisp ri n
some of which are sixty feet high, are now planteedworld)'
out
the open ground ; so that the visitor may walk among a
in
grove of these beautiful and useful exotics, on a level with
their lofty trunks, and obtain such an idea of their man-ai_
ficense and beauty as has no parallel in Europe. Indeed,
in the tropics even it would ba difficult to see such an as-
semblage of the palms as are now brought together at Kew.
Strangers are invited to ascend the spiral stairs and pass
round the entire gallery, surrounded by foliage, buds, bloF-
soms, and fruit, festooning and garlanding the walls and
roof:of this splendid palace of flowers and crystal arboretum;
the view from many points being very fine, but romantic
and sublime in particular in looking over the Pinetum and
down:the entire length of the grand avenue, across the
Thames V? ZiCll House and Twickenham,

„
•' • S
st:isz -
Lcymt. ,74,',7
140 I E

THE SUN.