The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-20 00:00:00

AND. MURRAT4

THE LAST SLEEP OF ARGYLE-THE
LAST SCENE IN THE LIFE OF 3.IONTROSE.
These chef d'ceuvres of E. M. WARD, Esq., R. A., are Daily
on View at the Gallery, 5, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, from
10 to 6. Admission, 6d.

MR. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN-
MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY-
GRAPHIC HALL, King. Wiliam-street, Charing-cross,
TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at
Eight. Private boxes, £1 ls. ; Stalls and box stalls, 3s. ;
area, 2s. ; amphitheatre ls. - A plan of the stalls may be
seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box-
office, from 10 till 4 'Morning Performance, Saturday,
May 11.

A RGYLL ROOMS. - GRAND MUSICAL
with the Celebrated ENTERTAINMENT,BAND, Forty in number (established
eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal
Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by
Moos. Latnotte. Cornet-a-piston, M. Boulcourt.—Dancing
at Nine o'clock.-18. admission.
--___

THE : NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
High Holborn.—This popular-anti magnificently ap-
pointed Ball Room decidedly the most fashionable and best
conducted entertainment in ,he world. The very excellent
band, under the able direction of Mr. Packer, is constantly
introducing the choicest and latest music of the day. The
Wines supplied are of the very choicest quality. The refresh-
Inent rooms are elegant in the extreme, and replete with
every comfort. Admission throughout, ls.

CONTRACTS FOR RAISINS, PEPPER, MUSTARD
SEED, TOBACCO, AND VINEGAR.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualling,
Somerset-house, 16th May, 1861.
THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTLNG the
OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED
KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO
HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, the 28th
init., at half-past One o'clock, they will be ready to treat with
such Persons as may be willing to CONI RACT for sup-
plying and delivering* into her Majesty's Victualling Stores
at Deptford, the undermentioned Articles, viz. :
RAISINS..
PEPPER
5
MUSTARD SEED S (White).... f 30 Qrs.
(Brown).— / 30
50 Tons.
When to be delivered.—Ralf of each in Three Weeks, and
the remainder In Three Weeks afterwards, or earlier if pre-
ferred by the party tendering.
VINEGAR 15,000 Gals.
Ralf in One Month, and the remainder in One Month
afterwards, or earlier if preferred by the party tendering.
Tenders may be made for the whole or any portion of the
articles.

Their Lordships reserve to themselves the power, when
the Tenders are opened, of contracting either for the whole,
or for such part thereof only as they may deem fit, or for a
greater quantity, or of not contracting for any, and also an
Unlimited power of "election.

The Raisins, Pepper, and Tobacco to be exempted from the
Customs' duties, and parties tendering are to state where
they are respectively lying.
Samples of the Mustard Seed (not less than Two Quarts of
each, of the Pepper, not less than Two Pounds, and of the
Raisins, not less than Three Pounds), must be produced by
the parties tendering.
Each Tender for Tobacco must specify the several Trade
marks and numbers, and the countries or places of its growth
or produce, and a fresh drawn Dock sample of each cask or
Package must be produced by the parties tendering, and any
cask or package that is found not be of the same mark, num-
ber, or quality as the sample tendered and accepted, will be
rejected by the officers
Samples of the Vinegar (not less than a Quart) which the
parties tendering may purpose to supply must accompany
their Tenders, as the delivery will be required to be made in
accordance with the samples which may be accepted, and the
Vinegar tendered to be No. 20, Trade denomination:
The Vinegar to be delivered in good, sound, strong, and
substantial casks, which are to be retained as long as re-
quired by the said Commissioners or their officers without
payment therefor, bnt are to be taken back from the sa d
Victualling Stores (when emptied), by and at the expense of
the contractor.
'I he samples produced by persons whose tenders are not
accepted, are requested to be taken away by them immedi-
ately after the contracts have been decided.

form No Tender will be receivedurpose unless made on the printed
ped for the , and wich ma be obtained on
Ilimlicarovidtion at the said office, or to the officer conducting the
-Packet Service at Liverpool, or to the collector of Customs at
Bristol.

Particular attention is called to the recent modification of
the conditions of the contracts, which may be seen at the said
office, and at f.iverpool and Bristol.
No tender will be received after half-past One o'clock on
the day of treaty ; and it will not be required that the party
tendering, or an agent on his behalf, should attend at the
office on the day qt contract, as the result of the offer received
from each person will be communicated to him and his pro-
posed sureties in writing.
Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the
Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words
"Tender for ," and must also be delivered at
Somerset-house.

DR. BRIGHT'S AP HRODISION,
The Phosphorised Nervine Tonic.
The Newly-Discovered and approved of CHEMICAL
COMBINATION of PHOSPHATIC SALTS, Quinine. Iron,
Arc., innocent in its action and agreeable to the palate, for the
immediate and permanent cure of Spermatorrhcea, Gleet,
Stricture, and Renal Pains, Diseases of the Kidneys and
Bladder, Retention and Non-retention, and consequent de-
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Prostration, Premature Decline of Manly Power, with many
other distressing symptoms, caused in early life and maturity
by incontinence. and youthful disregard to future happiness.
London Agents :—Newbery, 45, St. Paul's Church-yard ;
J. Sanger, Cheap id ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ;
Butler, 4, Cheapside ;Hooper, 43, King William-street, Lon-
don-bridge ; Howden, 78, Gracechurch-street; Prout, 229,
Strand, and of all Chemists throughout the world.
Prices :.10s. 6d. per bottle, or five 10s. 6d. bottles in one,
£2 28. ; and in cases containing three £2 2s. bottles £5.

DR. BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDICINES,
known throughout the world, for the cure of every
disease.
VEGETABLE SKIN OINTMENT, for all skin eruptions,
deep-seated ulcers, sores, boils, &c. is. lid. and 2s. 9d.
PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGETABLE PILLS, for
regulating. the bowels, and purifying the blood. Is 11d., 2s.
9d., 4s. 6d.. and lls.
CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE, for re-
invigorating the nervous and muscular system, from all
causes in early youth, causing chronic and spasmodic stric-
ture, renal pains, weakness of the bladder, retention and non-
retention, diseases of the kidneys, nervous debility, and all
female complaints, enriching and increasing every vital fluid.
4s. 6d., Ils., or four quantities in one, a3s. Physician's ad-
vice free on application, and "Buchan's Guide for Patients,"
one stamp. Sold by Buchan and Co., 22, Newman-street,
Oxford-street. London, W., and medicines forwarded on re-
ceipt of post-office order. To be had of all chemists.
Wholesale Agents :—Barclay, 75, Farringdon-st. ; Newbery
'l5, St. Paul's Churchyard; J. Sanger, 150, Oxford-st. ; Han-
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The important fact that the many alarming complaints,
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Sent to any address post free on receipt of six stamps by
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ailments peculiar to youth, manhood, andsold age, which tend
to embitter and shorten life. Persons unable to visit town
May have a printed form of questions to fill up, which will
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Prepaid letters promptly answered.

"The ra relief obtained by means purgative
kedicinestem po is purchased at the high price of theof aggravation
nd d the perpetuating the disease.''—HENßY, M.D.

NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC
rOlt CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI-
TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LIVER COMPLAINTS,
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rg_, Certificate No. 36,418.—We find it the safest remedy, An-
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live ext.r ataPbell. Dr. Harvey; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Shor-
c,re isT act a few out of 56,000 cures/ :
dyspeimitu' 1,,,771. Lord Stuart de Decks of many Tears'
agony from
(IN-jre No. 49,832. Of fifty yea rf Indiscribable
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Cure No.
of extreme ner,;." 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs,
and nervous fa 11111 e",
indigestion, gatherings, low spirits,
Cambell, d nel.-8.
1 di u
n ges nn an '
y erstotle Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. James T.
Rectory, near Fakenham, Norfolk, of
Laxton Lelcest
d Aver conthl int C eNo 56 814 Mr Samnel er, of two
W.
seeeves 181 'yeaarsg'.diarurrhcea.. dure.No..lBo. Mr.
be , ,F+ of
London, of 25 years' nervous-
__ocnstipation, it'd;
•_!,_;ight years' ---gestion, and debility. Cure N 0.4,028:
)11MB, and nausea,4BPePaia nervousness, debility, with cramps,
Rev. John W. Flavel, Ridlington Ree-
VLerY., Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Thirteen years' cough, Indi-
,eortton, and general debility, James Porter, Athol-street,
ne h • Cure NO. 58,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateaere,
ri ar
tie'•°ouis of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of
..ervous irritability. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts,
Ilzaber merchant of Frimley, Surrey, ot 30 years' diseased
lgs, ptting' of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness.
'erred unilar testimonials from 56,000 patients who can be re-
to.
—The Pood is sold in canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d., 21b, 4s. 6d., 121 b.
.43,!,,, 4b. 10s. ; super-refined quality, 51b. 225„ 101 b. 335. The
;YID., 121 b., and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of
rost.ortioe order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-
atraet v ,adon • Fort,,,, li, • ' Fortnum, Mason, and 182,
naon ; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 63
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-!'l.ld 150, Oxford-street ; 330 and 452, Strand ; 411 and
.60,
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THORLEY for My pigs.
40s. per barrel.

THORLEY'S GLEANER is Published every
Monday in time for port, and contains tarty Columns
of valuable information including Mark-lane Report, Agri-
cultural and Sporting intelligence up to time of going to
press. Pride One Penny. Order of any Newsvendor.-77,
Newgate-street, City.

No. 8, GROSVENOR-STREET, BOND-STREET.
ARTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and IM-
PROVED PRINCIPLE.—Mr. ESKELL'S PATENTED
INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July,
ism), for adapting Artificial Teeth on Moveable Bases by
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without pain or extraction, restore perfect articulation and
mastication, rendering detection impossible, and last a life-
time. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects
of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun, July
20. "Will doubtless be extensively patronised."—Court Cir-
cular, July 21. "Unrivalled for its utility and economy."—
Morning Post, July 20. Coesultations free.—Terms strictly
moderate. 8, Grosvenor-street, Bond-street ; Old Steyne,
Brighton; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham.

DR. BRIGHT'S THREE DAYS' CURE.
The MEDICATED SUGARED GLOBULES, con-
taining the Quintessence of Copaiba, Cubebs, Buchu, and
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most inveterate cases of Gonorrhoea, obstinate Gleet, Stric-
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the Passages of the Bladder, Kidneys, Gravel, Sedimentary
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taneously the irritated mucous membrane of the urino-genital
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taste, or smell. Price lts., by post 12s. 6d.
LONDON AGENTS :—Newbery, 45, St. Paul's Church-yard;
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Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, Lon-
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Strand, and of all chemists throughout the world.

3, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
THE PANTHEON.
DR. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo-
hecarios' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
ibove, on all oases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory. Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul-
ewes
Has rust published, price is. ' • by post, 13 stamps,;stamps,;lB sealed,
No. d,
An entire new and original Work, entitled
OURSELVES.
Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation
—The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure.
Also, an EXposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange'
cuts and Marital Disqualifications,
MALE.
The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagis
Gonorrhcea), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of
he Urinary Organs. with Prescriptions, &o.
FEMALE.
The Physiology and Anatomy of Women--Functional Ir-
egularittes in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage—
heir Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and
-unoval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Goats-
Lon—Use of the Speculum. Also,
No. 1.
HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY;
On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion,
No. 2.
gma
aOblint
co
hnLe VITI
p Sterility A NDp n e
a e Male
dftm RoDvli e d a Gp
pEa
no
[heir
nd other tm e
Healthy ts ; Lc
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oring secured.

No. 2.
THE CASE BOOK :
Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and
100 Cases of SPERMATOREHMA,
CTurheeirbC,
aCuaseust'erisations, Galvanism, dm. &c. &o
To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Author&
Advice to the Working Classes fee Half-a-Guinea:
(SPECIAL NOTICE.)
Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi-
tioner living of that name, and can be oonsulted (only as
above).

DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD :
MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMAT•DR,RIE A
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
lust published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope, price ls., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps,
ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
CURTIS, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.

CONTENTS:
INTRODIXTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
Structure and Pancticns of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
of Marriage; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied and Interesting
foes, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive
Lotion.
REVIEWS OP THE WORK.
"Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and
should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times,"
i3d March, 1856.
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this
little work, in which is described the source of those diseases
which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856.

" This work, which for twenty years has stood the test of
professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in aplain
and sympathising. manner on the various disqualifications
and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de•
bility ; and to invalids suffering. from youthful errors and
excesses it will be found valuable and useful."—Record.
London ; Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater-
noster-row; Mann. 39,
Ucurs gousultAtlo4-10 ty 3 awl 0 ty 6 ; §varasyel io•til3 2.

GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.
HENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of
Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous
Sufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE
WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A
medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of
Memory, Dimness of Bight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike
to Society, Spermatorrheea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re-
laxation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &c., which, if
neglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature
death ; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health
and vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure from ob
servation, to any address, on receipt, of a directed envelope
and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton-
crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C.

DE, JELF AND THE "EDINBURGH

REVIEW."

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—The last number of the Edinburgh Review
contains a charge against me of so serious a nature
that I cannot pass it over in silence. A note or
erratum is promised me in the next number of the
Review. But there are few public men wbo can
afford to wait two months for the vindication of
their characters. I have, therefore, recourse to you,
who can give, as no other man can give, the most
speedy and effectual redress of wrongs.
The following extract, from the article on "Essays
and Reviews (b dinburgh Review, April, 1861,
page 4931, will show the nature and gravity of the
imputation:—
"In a pamphlet embodying his speech in Convocation,
and requiring, as he justly says, the strictest accuracy--
accuracy in minute details—an estimable opponent of the
present volume, in order to prove a contradiction on the
point between a solitary passage of one of the essayists and
the 31st Article, has actually been obliged to interpolate
into his quotation the very expression at issue between him-
self and his adversary. In place of the comprehensive
Biblical expression adopted by all parties in the Church, he
substitutes, without acknowledgment, the phrase found
neither in Bible nor Prayer-book, pacifying of God's dis-
pleasure.' The contradiction which he endeavours to fas-
ten on the essayist thus recoils on his own head. We en-
tirely acquit him of anything but temerity of such a kind
as certainly to deter him from appearing again to denounce
his brethren. He is himself too conscientious and honour-
able a man not to deplore so strange a mis-statement."
In a note ibid, Dr. Jelf is said to have substi-
tuted " his gloss" for the word " propitiation."
Now, sir, I, on my part, entirely acquit the re-
viewer of anything but ignorance of the fact that I
had quoted the very words of that edition of the
Thirty-nine Articles which has the highest sanc-
tion of the law. I have the best reason for know-
ing that subsequently to the publication of his re-
view he had himself "discovered the ground of my
variation." Let me now repeat what I stated
shortly in a note in page 17 of the second edition of
my " Specific Evidence" (an edition published on the
23d of March, and not seen by the reviewer). I
took as the basis for my extracts the edition of
the Thirty-nine Articles of 1562 rather than that
which is better known—viz., Jewell's revision
in 1571, not because I saw any difference between
" prbpitiation" tend tho pacifying of God's dis-
pleasure" (to me, in a theological sense, they seem
exact equivalents), but because Dr. Cardwell had
long ago convinced me that the English edition of
1562 is, to use Dr. Cardwell's own words, " the
exact record that received the authority of Parlia-
ment" (13th Elizabeth, cap. 12). The grounds of
Dr. Cardwell's conclusion will be found stated in
his " Synodalia," vol. 1, note, beginning at page 53
(edition 1842). From Dr. Cardwell's reprint of the
original edition by Jugge and Cawood I took my
quotations. The original is the one referred to in
the 13th Elizabeth, cap. 12, as " a book imprinted,
entituled ' Articles whereupon it was agreed by
the Archbishops and Bishops of both provinces and
the whole clergy of the Convocation holden at Lon-
don in the year of our Lord God one thousand five
hundred sixty and two. " No change as to the
book to be subscribed is found in 13 Car. 11., or in
5 Anne, 5. To this may be added the well-nown
fact that the edition of 1562 is the one specified in
the 36th Canon (Art. 3), headed " Subscription of
such as are to be made Ministers."

Upon thisevidenceTlsubm—it,-fam entitled to a
verdict of acquittal on the charge of " temerity," or
inaccuracy or " mis-statement," still more on that
of bad faith, for any unworthy controversial object.
The facts prove conclusively that I have " inter-
polated" nothing. I have only exercised my own
freedom of choice in preferring, on definite grounds,
the authorised Parliamentary edition of the Thirty-
nine Articles, as subscribed by the clergy, to
Bishop Jewell's later revision, which, according to
all appearances, never received the sanction of Par-.
liament. Consequently, I shall not be ashamed to
raise my voice once more, if need be, in defence of
Gocl's truth.—l remain, sir, your obedient servant,
W. JELF, D.D., Proctor for the Chapter
of Christ Church, Oxford.
King's College, London, May 18.

DEATH OF Mi. RENTONN--=ICHOLSON.—ThiS
Gofor,d,
oTnheHLooterld,
eccentric individual, better known to metropolitan pleasure
seekers under hisdiepdstoslaetgaraldacyognatomo:
C ow a after am illFle6f/ weeks' duratiQu,
Chief
tßaront,", •

At the time that Jesus is said to have done this, not
a line of the New Testament was written. It was towards
the close of the day after a walk from Jerusalem to Emmaus
that Jesus did it. Two disciples had left Jerusalem, and
were conversing on all the wonderful things that had just
taken place. Jesus drew nigh to them and said " What
manner of communications are these that ye have one to
another, as ye walk, and are sad ?" Cleopas then narrated
to him what had taken place. Jesus chided them for being
slow of heart to believe what the prophets had spoken ; and,
beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, he expounded
unto them in all the Scriptures the things concerning him-
self. There was no Bible, no roll of MS. used, but Jesus
evidently quoted from memory the passages he expounded
to them. After they had some refreshment, Jesus disap-
peared. The two disciples went back again immediately to
Jerusalem, and told the eleven, who were gathered to-
gether, that " The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared
to Simon." While they were conversing, Jesus himself
stood in the midst of them, and said, " Peace be unto you."
They were afraid, thinking they had seen a spirit; but he
allayed their fears—He showed them His hands and his
feet. He partook of a broiled fish and of some honeycomb,
and after alluding to his ministry, " Then opened He their
understanding that they might understand the Scriptures."
That is the Old Testament, as none other was then in
existence.

Since then a considerable number of epistles, gospels, and
tractates have been written, out of which as inspired, or as
Sacred Scripture, there Jravn-come down to us four gos-
pels, an ecclesiastical :history, 13 acknowledged epistles
by Paul, an epistle to the Hebrews by an
unknown writer, one epistle by James, three by
John, two by Peter, one by Jude, and the Apocalypse or
Book of the Revelation—making a total of 27 epistles and
tractates, by eight or nine different writers. There have
also been published by Archbishop Wake translations of
the genuine epistles of the apostolic fathers, including two
epistles of Clement to the Corinthians, one epistle of Poly-
carp to the Philippians, seven epistles of Ignatius, the Ca-
tholic epistle of Barnabas, three books of Hermes, and the
narrative of the martyrdom of Polycarp and the epistle to
the Church of Smyrna respecting the same event. These,
with the writings of the New Testament, form, as Arch-
deacon Wake says, "a complete collection of the most pri-
mitive antiquity for about 150 years after Christ. These
writings stand in the same relation to the New Testament
as the Apocrypha does to the old. The Roman Church in-
cludes in her Old Testament as inspired the whole of the
books we call apocryphal, but in the New Testament she
reckons only the same books as we have in our Testament.
It is, however, due to truth to say that the Alexandrian
MS. of the New Testament, supposed to be the oldest until
the discovery by Tischendorf, includes the two Epistles of
Clement as sacred Scripture, and the M.S. lately found by
Tischendorf, supposed to have been written about A.D. 350,
contains, as Holy Scripture, the Epistle of Barnabas, and
the Shepherd of Hernias; both these MSS. thus proving
that they were written before •ur present Canon was finally
formed. Eusebius, the oldest ecclesiastical historian whose
writings we possess, tells us "that the four Gospels, the
Acts of the Apostles, 13 epistles of Paul, one epistle of Peter,
and one epistle of John, were universally received in his
day (about A.D. 315) as Sacred and Divine. The books
that were controverted, received by some and rejected by
others, were the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistle of
James, 2d of Peter, Jude, and the Book of Revelation."
He also enumerates some of the apocryphal books which
were read in churches, and some of the books which
had been forged under the names of the Gospels of
Peter, of Thomas, and of Matthias, and the Acts
of Andrew and John, and other Apostles. In all these
coses it is clear there was no external ecclesiastical
authority imposing the reception of any books upon
the Churches. The bishop or pastor, with the Church, used
these writings, which, on the best evidence they could col-
lect, appeared to be genuine writings of the Apostles. As
an illustration of this, the Church of Rome did not receive
the Epistle to the Hebrews as the genuine production of
the Apostle Paul ; and to this day it is not known as a mat-
ter of certainty who wrote it. As councils of men or of
bishops must be made up of individuals, there ought to be
the decision of every individual mind in the settlement of
any question without the influence 61' position or power
being brought to bear upon the question. It is singular how
some intelligent men will employ an argument when they
think it will prop up any favourite opinion or dogma which
they wish to propagate. Take that, for instance, o! au eccle-
siastical council, such as the Council of Nice, or any other
convocation of the clergy. The argument of their number is
relied upon. It is said, " Do you think so many great and
good men could come to a wrong decision ?" I answer it by
putting to the Protestant clergyman another question,—
Do you think that so many great and good men could
shouldwr
come to a wrong decision in the Council of Trent, with the
Pope at their head ?" Do you think that the Convocation of
the English clergy in the time of the brutal Queen Mary
could come to a wrong decision ? I need not put the ques-
tion as to the convocation of the clergy in Inl, for that has
made itself a butt of ridicule before all people. In all Roman
Catholic cases the Protestant clergyman will not allow that
there is any force in the argument from numbers, nor will
the Catholic allow in the case of Protestants. A judgment
to be worth anything must be the result of a thorough exa-
mination of all accessible evidence, carefully, calmly,
honestly, and impartially summed up, and logically and
necessarily resulting from the evidence. And therefore to
say that we must submit to Church authority—the decision
of councils—and the creeds they have enjoined, is too ridi-
culous to be seriously replied to. At the present time there
is a great clamour on the subject of Divine Inspiration, be-
cause of some expressions in the Essays and Reviews which
seem to question its extent and universality in the Bible.
Now, I ask every honest man, whether clergyman or
layman,
weh o ha
s
studiedayllf, er e u
r thesequestionsknowledge :
eourn
principlesw at autho-
rityenitth en
estubbjee,ct
firstof Divine
of el
Rtheeveslaeritiopntuanrede Itnhsepmirasetliovnee?.
Where
they are silent, it is not for men, some eighteen centuries
afterwards, to be clamorous. Our obvious duty is to go*
the books of the Old Testament, and the New, and dili-
gently inquire of them what they say ; for we cannot be
required to believe more than they ask us to believe. We
have got to ask who wrote the 39 books in the Old Testa-
ment and the 27 in the New. What claim those books lay
to Inspiration; what parts of them can be said to be Re-
vealed or Inspired ; whether the allusions to science, chro-
nology, Jewish wars, genealogies, the speeches said to be
made by God's enemies and by the devil, are Inspired, and
other topics I need not enumerate. We have got to ask
what the Old and New Testament writers meant by the
word Inspiration. It is
a remarkable fact that, when applied
to written documents, it is not once used in the Old Testa-
ment, and only once in the New, and that before several
of the books now in the New Testament were written. The
modern doctrine of Inspiration rests on Church authority,
ecclesiastical creeds, and systems of theology. Next to the
Scriptures themselves, we ought to go, in the case of the
New Testament, to the evidence we can get of the opinions
of the early Churches, and if it can be proved (and it is in-
disputable) that the early Churches acted on the great prin-
ciple of private judgment, considered as in contrast or oppo-
sition to ecclesiastical authority and coercion for at least
three centurion, who are the men, whether Papists or Pro-
testants, who dare to take away theliberty from the Churches
of the 19th century that was enjoyed by the Churches
of the first three centuries ? The fact is, that the Essayists
have touched on subjects which are all very well to be dis-
cussed by learned meu,but for clergymen to bring them within
the range of the popular mind, popular inquiry, and popular
information is a " a traitorous act" against all the ecclesias-
tical traditions of reserve handed down from the days of
Augustine when he propounded the iniquitous doctrine I
have quoted in a former lecture, and which I quote a second
time, as it cannot be too frequently, too severely, and too
indignantly repudiated. These are his words That
there are many things true in religion which it was not con-
venient for the vulgar to know, and again some things
which though false yet it was expedient should be believed
by them." The former part of this statement I believe is
the opinion of the great body of the clergy, both episcopal
and non-conforming—and too many faithfully carry out the
iniquitous advice embodied in the latter part. As for the
word Inspiration, as applied to the Bible, it has among
theologians almost every variety of meaning. One class of
men, now a small one, believe in what is called verbal In-
spiration, that is, that every word in the Old and New Tes-
tament is Inspired of God, and that the writer could not
and dared not to have used any other. The celebrated Dr.
John Owen went so far as to claim Divine Inspiration for
the Hebrew points, vowels, and accents; he laboured dili-
gently and accumulated largely of Hebrew lore to establish
his proposition that without the points no certain truth
could be learned from the Hebrew Scriptures, and now the
Rev. John Ayre, to whom we shall refer presently, says,
44 When the Hebrew ceased to be a living language it was
of course most difficult to retain the pronunciation with-
out expressed vowels. We shill not greatly err if we sup-
pose that the system of vowel signs was adopted between
the sixth and tenth centuries." Among the more modern
and strenuous advocates of verbal Inspiration was the late
Robert Haldane, of Edinburgh, who published a volume in
Edinburgh in defence of his theory, which had reached a
fourth edition in 1832. And it cannot be doubted that many
of the Reformers, as well as many of the Puritan divines,
rigidly adhered to the doctrine of a strictly verbal Inspira-
tion, There is no intimation of it in the Scriptures, nor in

Zwingliu9, a distinguished reformer, says "It is not true
that the writings of all the holy men are infallible ; nor is
it true that they do not err. This pre-eminence must be
given to the Son of God alone, out of all the human race."
Martin Luther utterly rejected the Epistle of James be-
cause he thought it opposed to the doctrine of Justification
by faith as taught by the Apostle Paul. He certainly had
no leaning either to verbal or plenary Inspiration.
The celebrated Bishop Lowth the translator of and com-
mentator upon the Prophecies of Isaiah, says, " that where
the Apostles treat of the common occurrences of life and
such things as have no relation to divine truths they were
not inspired. As when St. Paul speaks of his design.to
take Rome in his way to Spain and to call at Corinth as ha
went into Macedonia, but yet it appears he wag uncertain as
to that resolution and did not actuallymake it good. Hither-
to, we may refer slips of memory in matters of no conse-
quence,some of which them are to be found in the New Testa-
ment. Another instance, wherein we may reasonably suppose
the Apostles spoke without Inspiration is,when theydiscourse
of such things as our Saviour told them they must be con-
tent to be ignorant of. In these cases, I think (says the
• Bishop) it will be no ejudice to the Divine Inspiration
of the Apostles to alloWthem to have spoken like men."
The present Archbishop of Dublin says :—" In matters
unconnected with religion, such as points of history or
natural philosophy, a writer who professes (as the Apostles
do) to be communicating a Divine Revelation, imparted
through him by the means of miracles, may be as liable to
error as other men, without any disparagement to his pre-
tensions ; but if we reject, as false, any part of the religion
which he professes himself Divinely sent to teach, we can-
not consistently believe but that his pretensions are either
an imposture or a delusion, and that he is whollyunworthy
of credit."

The present Bishop of St. David's says :—" As the more
rigid theory of Inspiration was abandoned by the learned on
account of the insuperable difficulties opposed to it by the
discrepancies found in the Gospels; so these same discre-
pancies compel us to admit that the superintending control
of the Spirit was not exerted to exempt the Sacred miters
altogether from errors and inadvertencies."

These quotations might be numerously increased, but
the question of Infallibility must occupy us for a short
time. Is the Bible from Genesis to Revelation an infallible
Book ? Among Roman Catholics the Church is infallible.
The Pope is infallible. And among certain Protestants
the Bible is declared to be infallible not only in those parts
that truly contain a divine revelation but in its scientific
allusions,—historical and genealogical narratives,—in its
prodigies,—in its quotations,—in its chronology and other
matters. Now if any writing be put into my hands and
I am told it is infallible, containing infallible truth, it is
most natural I should ask who wrote it ? when and
where was it written,—what is its external history and
what are its internal evidences,—what are the precise
grounds to its claim of infallibility and by what process of
evidence is that claim established ? Is it the autograph,
the original writing, or is it a copy,—or is it a copy of the
100th or 1000th copy that had been taken. Is the original
of modern data or hundreds, or thousands of years old?
You will immediately perceive the bearing of these ques-
tions from what will follow. To give answers to-night to
all those questions in reference to many of the books of the
Bible would be impracticable. And yet before we decide
one way or the other about the infallibility of the Old or
New Testament, we must examine some of the books, by
some of these questions. A clergyman of the Church of
England, of the name of Ay re, was selected to re-write the
2d volume of Horne's " Introducti* to the Scriptures,"
because Dr. Davidson had written one alleged to be hetero-
dox. Mr. Ayre was chosen for his well-known and esta-
blished orthodoxy. As to the infallibility of the Bible we
may learn his opinion of it from the following paragraph.
He says "It is indisputable that the Bible, as we have it,
is not wholly free from error. We have it only in imper-
fect translations, or, if we take the originals, in an uncer-
tain text. No one now questions the fact that transcribers
have erred, that interpreters have mad 6 mistakes. Unless
there were a perpetual miracle, affecting every copyist, and
every printer, and every translator, we must acknowledge
that we have not the Book exactly as it proceeded from the
authors ; if altogether perfect, then it has come down to us
somewhat tarnished with the rust of ages, soiled by the
human hands that have carried it along." Let us now
hear what this clergyman, selected for his orthodoxy, is
compelled by the force of truth to admit respecting the
several books in the Old Testament. As to the Pentateuch,
he says : " It is very possible that a student, after diligent
research, may be persuaded that he sees traces of more
than one hand in the Pentateuch. The question
is confessedly intricate ; and if the varied use of the
Divine name, and any perceptible difference of diction
incline the mind to the conclusion, that the most reasonable
mode for accounting for the phenomena is to believe that pre-
vious documents were worked up into the composition as we
have it, the present writer is far from censuring such a cone
elusion." As to the book of Joshua, he concludes that it
could not have been altogether composed by Joshua
" We must, at least, believe that this book was written
not later than the earlier years of David." The book of
Judges bears no author's name. Mr. Ayre thinks there may
have been a compiler and editor of this book—that they may
have used written documents, but there is no ground for
supposing that the latter moulded his own and other mate-
rials into a whole. Of the authorship of the book of Ruth,
he says nothing satisfactory can be said. As to the Ist and
2d books of Samuel Mr. Ayre says, " It is not easy to ar-
rive at any certainty with respect to theage and authorship
of these books * • * that some use was made of pre-
viously existing documents none perhaps will deny." The
Ist and 2d books of Kings, Mr. Ayre considers were mainly
complied from the book of the acts of Solomo a—the book of
Oil Chronicles of the kings of Judah, and the book of the
Chronicles of the:kings of Israel, and probably some others
for the histories of Elija and Elisha. The Ist and 2d Chroni-
cles were compiled from documents then existing, but by
whom is unknown. The first six chapters of Ezra Mr. Ayre
does not think were written by Ezra, but that he did write
from the 7th to the 10th chapters, or that some one edited
the whole and incorporated in it what Ezra had written.
The book of Nehemiah had also an unknown author. The
book of Esther had also an author unknown to us. The
book of Job, Mr. Ayre considers as a complete production
flowing from a single pen, and then it is a point of difficulty
to determine in what age it was composed, and who was the
author. There can be little certainty here is evident from
the guesses which range over almost the whole period em-
braced by the Bible history. The book of Proverbs, though
many of them the proverbs of Solomon, Mr. Ayre says is
admitted not to have been collected by Solomon in
its present form. The book Ecclesiastes is, of unknown au-
thorship. Of Solomon's Song, Mr. Afire says : " It is
readily admitted that if the subject be proved to be the re-
jection of Solomon's love, he is not likely to have himself
written tho book. On thin paint, sign, good and wise men
will differ." As tothe Prophets, Mr. Ayre admits that " it
is not certain that the Prophets always collected their own
productions. This was, doubtless, done under Divine
guidance." These are some of the sentiments of Mr. Ayre,
an Evangelical Low Churchman, uttered and recorded by
him honestly—and as one specially selected to do away with
the influence of the alleged heresy of Dr. Davidson. They
are contained in a book specially prepared for the clergy of
all denominations, for students as well as ministers—a
heavy book of four thick Bvo. closely printed volumes,
but now enlarged. Neither of the Essayists could have
more than Mr. Ayre has said, and neither of them has said
half so much. Nevertheless, what Mr. Ayre has written is
strictly true, and some who had specially to do with his
appointment, becau,se of his thorough orthodoxy, are an-
noyed that he has so frankly and honestly spoken or written
so much of the truth. Let us now look at the consequences
of every one knowing the truth. Some persons allege that
you unsettle men's minds by communicating to them what
they did not know before, especially if not in harmony with
their previous notions. And what then if it should be so ?
And who are the persons that make the complaint, and
what do they do themselves ? The complaint is commonly
made by clergymen and dissenting ministers and such per-
sons as they teach and influence to echo it. And what do
they do themselves ? They support societies to unsettle
the mind of the Jew, to alienate him from Judaism, which
to this time has been his hope, his joy, and his happiness I
and they hope by missionary agency to bring him over to
Christianity. It is the same as to the Roman Catholic—they
unsettle them, take away from them their old hope, destroy
their faith in the Virgin Mary and they justify it by saying
that they give them truth instead of error. It is precisely
so with regard to the Bible. As in Mr. Ayre's case he has
given students in theology, truth as to external evidence
and history of the books of the Old Testament, instead of
the unscriptural notion of verbal inspiration and absolute
infallibility. Wherever in science, commerce, politics, or
theology, you give men truth and sound principles instead
of error, it is very natural that they should be unsettled and
even perplexed for a time, but from any difficulty of that
kind in the present day, it is quite easy to emerge. It IS
the fear of the loss of clerical iigunge, mid of PM and WO"

men becoming independent of the clergy that awakens
much of the alarm. It cannot be denied that many of the
clergy of diflerent denominations have privately and pub-
licly done all they
"the bookcouldto present
is an
d gtheeroEuss,safilyisl and dinßfiedvieleitwys,
being read ; an old clerical practice that has in time always
failed
don't.reTadheity.'s'ayrill e fact is, that if a thoroughly intelligent
layman read and mastered the book, and seleeted some half
dozen points to take to his clergyman for explanation—for
grounds of opposition—or for grounds of defence, the
cle agyman, in a large majority of cases, would be compelled
to make excuse. He is not read up in theology to grapple
with these questions. He has been going on in a quiet
way, believing what the Church believes, and settling all
difficulties by compounding with them. He does not want
to be troubled. After what the bishops have done, he got
the Essays and Reviews, and began to read them ; but it
was of no use ; his usual reading and writing are quite un-
like them. He has been accustomed to "reading and writ.
ing made easy," and his habits of thought, as well as his
social habits, prevent him grappling with the masterly treat-
ment of the topics in the Essays and Reviews. He does not
want to be disturbed. And when any of his congregation
come to him he says "don't disturb yourselves about them.
Even the bishops have condemned them, and therefore
they must be bad." With these sentiments and habits we
have no sympathy. We adopt the Scriptural principle:
Buy the truth, and sell it not. That is, make every sacri-
fice to obtain it, and when you hive got it, never part with
it for error, nor sell it for fine gold.
But it may be said that if the Bible be not infallible what
are we to do ? Be assured that there is enough that is
infallible in the Bible for you and for me, without our
attempting to grasp at every word of it. All truth is from
God, both in the book of nature and the book of revelation,
and all truth is from one and the same God : the Father of
light, the fountain of wisdom and the God of love. As in
the works of God you labour after the truth, so also you
must ,labour in the Scriptures of truth. Men have com-
mitted errors—priests have perverted religious truth: Jesus
tells us they had done it in his day : the Reformers tell us
they had done it in their day, and we all know and feel
that what they have done has sent its influence down to our
day, to say nothing of what is being done in the present
time. Let it have a place in your mind—that all truth is
infallible, and all truth is from God. Personally,—to my-
self it is infallibly true "that there is (in the words of the
Ist article of the Church of England) but one living and
true God, everlasting, without body parts or passions ; of
infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, the maker and pre-
server of all things visible and invisible,"—and that God
so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that
whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have ever-
lasting life. lam grateful for and I give the heartiest wel-
come to the truth taught by the Apostle Paul, "that all
things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by
Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of recon-
ciliation." I receive with pleasure the grand and ennobling
doctrine of ancient Judaism, confirmed and expounded
by Jesus, that we are to love the Lord our God with all
our heart, with all our soul, and with all our strength ;
and I feel bound by the deepest gratitude and admira-
tion to love the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and in truth.
The practice of doing justly, loving mercy, and walking
humbly with God must commend itself to your heart as
powerfully as it does to my own. Truth of all kinds, and
especially all truth bearing on the moral and spiritual nature
of man; on his duties here in all the relationships he sus-
tains ; and on his future life, I value as one of the greatest
treasures possessed by mankind. And that I should love
my neighbour; that I should love mankind, and be inte-
rested in their welfare, I consider to be one of the plainest
lessons set before us; and that we shall all live for ever;
that we shall be judged as the Scriptures say, every man
according to his works, and that that judgment will be con-
ducted by a just and merciful God, all these and much more
I steadfastly believe : but I do not believe in Jewish fables,
copied from apocryphal Jewish books, such as that the sun
and moon stood still for a whole day; or, that it came to
pass by the way, in THE INN, that the Lord met Moses and
sought to kill him. Nor do I believe that anyone was In-
spired by the Holy Spirit to bless God and extol Jael, the
wife of Heber the Kenite, for treacherously receiving and
then murdering Sisera in the hour of his flight from tie
field of battle. I cannot believe such things ; I have too
much reverence for the Being who made me to believe such
tales. God is incapable of error, of falsehood, of cruelty, and
he could never do what he has strictly forbidden his crea-
tures to avoid and shun. Nor do I believe that Jesus Christ
is coming in 1867 ; nor that the Jews will return to Jeru-
salem ; rebuild the Temple—re-organi. e and re-establish
Judaism—restore the sacrifices of bulls and goats—burn the
heifer to ashes and set aside Christianity and supersede Jesus
as the Saviour of mankind. Other persons may believe what
I do not believe, and it will never alter my respect for them,
nor interrupt my association with them : but it is the
moral or the immoral life that determines character, and
that society has to do with. As to intellectual opinions, he
alone who holds them is responsible ; if we think them
wrong, we may, in all kindness, logically try and set him
right ; if we cannot do it, and are assured of his honesty,
it is a libel upon human nature in any way to punish him
for his speculat ions or his faith.
Of the Bible, although as Mr.'Ayre admits, "that as
we have it it is not entirely free from error"—although its
science—its chronology—its statistics—and some other
things are not free from error—yet we have no book that
can be compared with it. It has been truthfully and beau-
tifully said—" That in these fallible writings, God has trea-
sured up for us infallible truth, the food of our souls—and
the glory of our being—truth, lasting as the rocks and
eternal as the heavens." In whatever light we view the
Bible,—as a literary book, with so many beautiful narra-
tives so graphically recorded—as a work of history pre-
serving facts, confirmed by the labours of the archmologist
as a devotional book, containing the deepest, sincerest, and
devoutest thoughts of holy men of olden time—and the
thoughts, conversations, lessons, and prayers of Jesus—as
the guide of life, full of wise counsels amidst all its perplexi-
ties and troubles—as the revealer of a future life, telling
us freely, frankly, and fully of Jesus, who came to seek and
to save the lost—and as a book of poetry, containing the
grandest and most glorious drama ever written, and some
of the divinest lyrics that ever sounded on the string of the
harp, or ever echoed on the swell of the organ. As a book
of literature, as a book of poetry, our obligations to it can-
not be counted nor comprehended. The noblest poets of
the Christian era have gone to its fountains and slaked
their thirst. They have delighted in it, as in a beautiful
garden, and have plucked its choicest flowers. Its poetic
hints and imagery have been seized by our greatest poets,
and worked up into their simplest, most touching, and
even most gorgeous passages. The Hebrew Prophet says
" All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as
the flower of the field; the grass withereth, the flower
fadeth, because the spirit of the Lord bloweth upon it ;
surely the people is grass." The Psalmist also says :
" The wind passeth over it, and it is gone, and the place
thereof shall know it more for ever." Shakspeare seizes
these beautiful thoughts, and with his own magic power
and genius embodies them in a speech for the fallen V? ol-
sey :
"' Farewell I a long farewell to all my greatness !
This is the state of man. To-day he puts forth
The tender leaves of hope : to-morrow blossoms,
And bears his blushing honours thick upon him ;
The third day comes a frost—a killing frost ;
And when he thinks, good easy man ; full surely
His greatness is a ripening—nips the root,
And then he falls as I do.
It is probable that Lord Byron is Indebted to the begin
ning of the book of Genesis for that beautiful apostrophe to
the ocean, at the close of " Childe Harold."
"Time writes no wrinkles on thine azure brow ; "
Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now,
Thou glorious mirror, whore the Almighty's form
Glasses itself in tempests : in all time
Calm or convulsed, in breeze, or gale, or storm,
Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime
'Dark heaving : boundless, endless, and sublime,
The image of eternity—the throne
Of the invisible; even from out thy slime
The monsters of the deep are made : each zone
Obeys thee ;—thou goest forth dread, fathomless, alone."
There are beauties in the Scripture not yet appreciated :
there are glories, on which the eye of man has not gazed
sufficiently long to admire them, and in the words of Mr.
Jowitt with which I conclude—" there are difficulties the
depth and inwardness of which require a measure of the
same qualities in the interpreter himself. There are notes
struck in places, which, like some discoveries of science,
have sounded before their time ; and only after many days
have been caught up and found a response on the earth.
There are germs of truth which after thousands of years
have never yet taken root in the world. There are lessons
in the prophets, which, however simple, mankind have not
yet learned even in theory ; and which the complexity of
society rather tends to hide; aspects of human life in Job
and Ecclesiastes which have a trukh of desolation About
them which we plainly realise in ordinary eircurastr
world are shut out. I
mlteaisnpinegrhoafptshthe
g wordsrea toe f t
is apt
short of fashion-
ing' „mid o ris . e as to
thtoemdistarb the balance
neitherdiihviene attemptto addingillustrate t oontohower mhdirn_hao_
draw
h.e marringo. labouru
t oi theirnf ad simplicity.
:t
can eevite3bl
of truth. The interpreter
to guard against their abuse,. a
not
fCh • t H h
or intellectual world
from which the thoughts
bi negb'
oinr
intonhaigmasienlf the image trwofstr4tl
uai
It is
one of the highest tasks
the
words of Christ a little nearer to the
spent, to bring t
heart of man."
is ab
Christ
—so
of all teo,
seloitte.urlna..n:tbs,oe
it Now toi, Him that le to do exceeding abundantly
ask or think,
above allthat wile him be 1 in according to the power that
worketh m us, g ory the Church by Jetaie
t
cirrist, throughou all ages, world without end. "
Amen.

- _
THE FINE ox Ant. J. T, FERNANDES.—The fine
of £5OO on Mr. J. L. Fernandes, for Contempt of Court, at
the last York assizes, Las been paid, a Queen's messenger
LitlYiAg visited WAliCtield aucl Qbtaiaecl the money.

t, •
sere is something extremely peculiar about 'JAI a 1,
Princes of the House of Savoy—a rare blending of
-lest dignity and the easiest affability iu their
dealing with strangers ; a strange, almost magnetic
power of fascination, with a strong disinclination
to exercise it. Those who have known Charles
Albert only at a distance, or who judge him from
his inconsistent and wavering policy, can scarcely
believe the enthusiastic description his intimates
give of his consummate address, of his stately and
courteous, but irresistibly winning demeanosr. The
present King ;- o.eknowledged by aU who know him
as a pattern of all gentle behaviour, in spite of his
somewhat uncouth exterior and ultra-soldierly
hearing. But the Princes of Savoy seem to shrink
from society with a shyness proportionate to the
very talents which would fit them to adorn it.
c o
gn i ast
o
Theirs is that royalty which never makes itself
;u drtgh eLy
raffectra Lorraine
e n. ot
they
yehd
notbourgeois
affability
o
h
aeip
psb
aistinguished some of the despots of the house of
mingle incognito
with the People of the
lower classes, intent upon
learning their grievances and astounding a wicked
Minister or an overb
caring police-agent by sud-
denly throwing open their greatcoats and
showing
the crachats of the Grand Mastership of their
knightly orders, blasting the subject with the mere
suddenness of the revelation of -
their exalted rank.
No ! the Princes of Savoy are, generally
speaking,
solitary spirits. They are the heirs and representa-
tives of a dynasty many members of which sought
in the cloisters a refuge against the inanities of
regal splendour, of a race of Royal monks, saints,
and popes, who made of Hauteconabe or Superga a
palace and a tomb at the same time. With an ab-
dication to boast of at every three or four genera-
tions, the Savoy Princes usuallyshowed themselves
as ready to resign power as they were eager to
attain and extend it. Their longing was for
action and strife, not for enjoyment ; and the
sablimest fruits of ambition turned to ashes in their
mouth sooner than in that of any other mortal
race. I had often occasion to observe how ictor
Emmanuel's triumphal progress through Central.
Italy last year, and his entrance into Naples and
Palermo this year, made the_good King far more
unoiinafortable than the hottest fire at Palestro and
Solferino. He bears himself with a good grace
when duty bids him, but he is never so happy as
when he walks alone or with a few friends, with his
doable-barrelled gun on his shoulders, a private
sportsman about the woods of Pollenzo. His cousin
the Prince of Carignano's tastes are more those of a
student and dilettante, but he is no less disinclined
to show himself in public, and he doubtless thinks
that what with six months at Florence and three
at Naples he has sufficiently sacrificed himself for
the good of the country.
THE HUNGARIAN QUESTION.

(From La Pre.
The addresses voted by the m
two) chambers of the
Austrian Parliament have singularly aggravated
the already threatening situation of Hungary. In
his opening speech Francis Joseph signified his
firm resolution to maintain the unity of the empire.
The bearing of this declaration was clear ; the
cabinet of Vienna wished to make use of the united
representation as a legal instrument for the coercion.
of dissentients, and thus, by means of the deputies,
to render the provinces dependent on, and responsi-
ble to, the government. The plan has succeeded, but
it remains to be seen whether the government will
have any long enjoyment of its success. Hun-
gary at present finds herself between these two
alternatives ; either she must confess herself
conquered by sending her deputies to the Coun-
cil of the Empire, or else she must remain firm.
in her resistance, although the other nationalities
may reproach her for compromising the new liberal •
institutions by so -doing. This antagonism may
have terrible consequences, and it is important to
obtain a precise idea of their nature.
Should the Hungarians consent to send their de-
puties to Vienna, Austria would at one blow obtain
what she has been vainly:seeking. for 300 years, i.e.,
the union, or rather the amalgamation of Hungary
with the rest of the empire. That is the real ques-
tion, which is misrepresented on the one side, un-
consciously, by those who do not well understand
it, and on the other, wilfully, by those who wish to
obscure it. By now withdrawing from the struggle
the Hungarians would betray the cause which has
been handed down to them as an heirloom by their
ancestors, and for which their most illustrious chiefs
have died gloriously in exile, in battle, or on the
scaffold.

The repeated attacks of Austria on the ancient
constitution of Hungary produced the insurrections
of Bocskai, of Bethlen, of Tokoli, of George and
Francis Rakoczy, and that of 1848-49. In all these
insurrections, except the last, victory remained with
the Hungarians, and numerous treaties, especially
those of Vienna, in 1606 ; of Nicolsbut..., in 1622 ;
of Presburg, in 1629 ; of Linz, in 1645, and of Szath-
mar, in 1711, have recognised the autonomy of the
kingdom of Hungary, whose independence under
Rudolf and Maximilian was even guaranteed by the
hereditary provinces. That independence was con-
secrated afresh by the Pragmatic Sanction, in virtue
of which the crown of Hungary, hereditary in the
Hapsburg family since 1686, became so even in the
female line from 1723. Considered historically and
from the treaty point of view the resistance of Hun-
gary, then, is perfectly unimpeachable ; it is no
less so from a legal point of view.
The Hungarians invoke the laws of April 11,
1848, the last voted by the Diet, sanctioned by the
King, recognised by the whole nation ; all that the
Austrian Government may have done subsequently
to these laws, especially the decrees of Oct. 20,
1860, and Feb. 21, 1861, they reject as illegal and
unacceptable. What they require simply, and in
conformity with their ancient constitution, is the
" personal union" with the Emperor, on the follow-
ing conditions ; the political and territorial reunion
of the provinces already annexed to the crown of
St. Stephen ; equality of all the citizens before the
law, without distinction of religion or nationality ;
recall of all the banished ; restitution of confiscated
property; nomination of an Ilungarian ministry,
separate and responsible ; application of Art. 12 of
the Constitution of 1848, which places the armed
forces in the hands of the nation ; a separate bud-
get ; lastly, the refasal to recognise the Aulic
chancery, and to send their 85 deputies to the
Council of the Empire. Such, according to M.
Deak's clear and forcible exposition of them in his
address, are the preliminary conditions of which
the Diet should exact the strict fulfilment.
The principle of the " personal union" does not
indeed satisfy all the Hungarians ; many of them,
and those not the least considerable for ability,
influence, and service, aspire to a...more radical
solution, i.e., to the complete separltion of Hun-
gary and Austria. But if parties are divided as
to the future, they have only one feeling and one
voice, first as demanding the re-establishment of
the state of things in force in 1848, and next, as to
rejecting the decrees published at Vienna in
1860 and 1861. From the first, the Magyars have
unanimously adopted the programme of M. Deak,
and now, so far from admitting that that pro-
gramme can undergo any restriction, they wish on
the contrary to enlarge it by the democratical
°principles introduced into the constitution of 1848.
The situation, then, is very clear, and admits of
no doubt or hesitation on either side. The Austrian
Government pronounce definitely. It must either
grant the just and legal demands of Hungary or
dissolve the Diet. In the former case it deprives
itself of the resources it derives from Hungary an_d.
dissatisfies the party of union; in the lattervitiat.
dooms itself to suppress by force an almost
looks
able insurreciton. From whatever side 0
of dangers, and it will be very wr-c without
at the matter it is a violent position,
Austrian Government to extricate Itse
uvan
_uid:ofeig full

path of
laceration.
tioetfi the
y in the
Hungarianß
them
msoiu
Among the sincerest friendsw h Pain, or rather
there are some who see
with anxiety, advancing
ji resistance. They dread,
absolute and unconced g
jot liberty, a struggle whose
for the common cause
-noalculable; they ask if it would
consequences
wiser,ari more prudent, to give greater
not have been
erations of opportunity than. to the
weight to con
of strict legality—that is, to the • Fin-
, f liberty than that of
exigencies
independence, ciP6e„fortunately, the Hungarians, like all the other
i,
eoples of the Austrian empire, know that liberty,
P •
&it is understood at Vienna, is the supremacy of
erolany ; and it is precisely in the name of liberty
that they reject that crushing and domineering
supremacy.
r the Hungarians, the question
wbether or not they should send deputies to the
Council of the Empire is tantamount to the ques-
tion, shall Hungary remain Hungary, or be trans-
formed into an
Austrian province? This is the real
question, and we have endeavoured to put it clearly,
that the importance of the discussion which is to
come on to-morrow in the Diet on M. Desk's pro-
positions may be properly understood.

THE CAMBRIDGE " COMMENCEMENT."--The pro-
ceedings at the Cambridge " commencement" to-morrow
promise to be unusually hatez-esting. Honorary degrees will
be conferred on the Bishop of Madras (the Rev. Dr. Gell),
the F.,./ or Elgin, Lord Stratford do Rode:oe, Sir IV. R.
Hamilton, Sir Roderick Murchison, Major-General Sabine,
Dr. Robinson, of Dublin, Mr. J. L. Motley (author of the
History of the United Netherlands), Mr. Grote, the distin-
guished historian, &c. It is rumoured that the Prince Cone,
sort, Chancellor of the University, awl the Prince of Wald,
vrill Vieth bo present.