The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-17 00:00:00

The substance of these articles is as follows :

" Art. I.—Henceforth the eastern frontier be-
tween the two Empires shall commence from the
junction of the Rivers Chilka and Argoun, will
follow the course of the River Amour to the junc-
tion of the River Ousouri with the latter. The
land on the left bank [to the north] of the River
Amour belongs to the Empire of Russia, and the
territory on the right bank [to the south] to the
junction of the River Ousouri to the Empire of
China. Further on, the frontier line between the
two Empires, from the point of issue of the River
Sou'gatcha, divides the late Hinkei and takes the
direction of the River Belen-ho (Tour); from the
mouth Q' that river it follows the mountain range
to the mouth of the river Houpitou [Houptou], and
from that point the mountains situated between the
River Khoun-tehoun and the sea, as far as the
River Thou-men-kiang. Along this line, equally,
the territory on the east side belongs to the Empire
of Russia, and that on the west to the Empire of
China. The frontier line rests on the River Thou-
men-Kiang at twenty Chinese verstes [li] above its
mouth into the sea.

" Art. 2.—The frontier line on the west side,
hitherto unfixed, will henceforth follow the moun-
tain range, the course of the great rivers, and the
actually existing lines of Chinese outposts. Start-
ing from the last lighthouse, called Chabin-dabaga'
established in 1728, after the Treaty of Kiaktha, it
will run in a south-easterly direction, as far as the
lake Dsai-sang, and thence to the mountains
situated south of the lake Issyk-koul, and called
Ten-gri-than, or Alatan of the Khirgise, otherwise
called Thian-chan-Nanlou [southern ranges of the
Celestial Mountains] and along those mountains to
the possessions of Kokand.
" Art. 3.--Henceforth all those frontier questions
which may arise shall be settled according to the
stipulations of Articles 1 and 2 of the present treaty,
and for placing the boundary marks to the east,
from the Lake Hinkai to the river Thou-men-Kiang;
and to the west, from the Chabin-dabaga lighthouse
to the possessions of Kokand, the Russian and
Chinese Governments shall appoint Commissioners.
For the inspection of the eastern frontiers the Com-
missioners will meet at the junction of the river
Ousouri in the month of April next. For the
inspection of the western frontier the Commissioners
will meet at Tarbagatai at a period not yet fixed.
Duplicates of maps with the frontier line marked,
and duly certified by the respective Commissioners,
&c., will be exchanged.
" Art. 4.—On the whole frontier line established
by Article 1 and 2 of the present treaty, trade free
of all duty or restrictions is established between
the subjects of the two States. The local authori-
ties are bound to give special protection to such
trade, and to those who exercise it.
"At the same time the enactments relative to
trade established by the second article of the
*easy of Aigcun are confirmed.
"Art. s.—ln addition to the trade existing at
Kiakhta, the Russian merchants will enjoy their
former privilege of going from Kiakhta to Pekin
oa commercial business. On their way, they are
also allowed to trade at Ourga and at Kalgan,
without, however, being obliged to maintain large
commercial establishments there. The Russian
Government will have the right of keeping a
Consul at Ourga with suite, and of erecting a build-
ing there for that purpose. For the requisite
ground an arrangement will be made with the
local authorities of Ourga.
"The Chinese merchants are equally authorised
to enter Russia to trade, if so inclined.
"Russian merchants have the right to travel in
China at all times on commercial business ; but
they must not congregate together in a greater
number than 200 in the same locality. Moreover,
they must be provided with a Russian certificate
on the frontier, denoting the head of the firm, the
number of his clerks, and his destination. During
their journey these merchants are at liberty to buy
or sell as they may choose. They must pay all their
expenses.
" Art. 6.—As an experiment trade is opened at
Kachgar, on the same basis as at Ili and Tarbagtai.
At Kachgar the Chinese Government grants
sufficient land for the erection of a factory, with
all the necessary outhouses, including storehouses,
,a church, &c., also a burial-ground, and
pasturage, as at Ili and at Tarbagatai. Orders
will be immediately issued to the Governor of the
district of Kachgar for the concession of the said
land.
" The Chinese Government is not to be held
responsible fJr the pillage of Russian merchants at
Kachgar, shculd such pillage have been done by
individuals from beyond the Chinese outposts.
"Art. 7.—ln the localities thrown open to com-
merce, the Russians in China and the Chinese in
Russia may enter into all commercial transactions
'without any hindrance from the local authorities ;
they may frequent the markets and shops in per-
fect liberty, as also the merchants' houses ; they
may buy and sell wholesale or retail as best suits
their convenience, on credit or otherwise, according
to the confidence they place in each other.
" The length of stay of merchants in these locali-
ties is entirely dependent upon themselves.
" Art. B.—Russian merchants in China and
Chinese merchants in Russia are placed under the
special protection of the two Governments. To
keep a watch over the merchants and prevent mis
understanding which might arise between them and
the inhabitants, the Russian Government is per-
mitted to establish at once Consuls at Kachgar and
at Ourga on the basis of the regulations adopted
at Ili and Tarbagatai.
" The Chinese Government may, likewise, if it
wishes it, appoint Consuls in the capital and in
other cities of the Russian empire.
" The Consuls of either State will be lodged in
mansions at the cost of their own Government.
Nevertheless, if it suits them, they may rent houses
from the inhabitants.
" In their relations with the local authorities the
Consuls of the two Powers are placed on a footing
of perfect equality, in virtue of the second article
of the Treaty of Tien-tsin. Offences and defalcations
will be judged as settled by the 7th article of the
Treaty of Tientsin, according to the laws of the
empire of which the delinquent is a subject.
" Commercial disputes will be settled by the
merchants themselves before a Court of Arbitration,
the members of which will be selected by the parties
concerned ; the Consuls and local authorities will
limit their co-operation to procure an amicable
settlement, if possible, without any responsibility
as regards the claims.
" In case of written engagements, it will be the
duty of the Consul to take measures to enforce the
fulfilment of the same.
" Disputes which do not come under the head of
' Commercial Transactions,' as law-suits, complaints,
&c., will be settled by mutual consent of the Consul
and chief local authority, and delinquents punished
according to the law of their own country.
"In case of a Russian subject seeking flight in
the interior of China, the local authorities, as soon
as they are officially informed of the fact by the
Russian Consul, are bound to take measures to
capture the fugitive and hand him over to the
Russian authorities. The same is applicable to a
Chinese seeking refuge in Russia;
" In the case of great crimes, as murder, brigan-
dage, manslaughter, premeditated incendiarism,
&c., if the culprit is a Russian he is to be sent to
Russia to stand his trial according to Russian law ;
if a Chinese he is placed at the disposal of the
Chinese authorities.
"In criminal cases, no matter how serious,
neither the Consul nor the Chinese authorities
have any right to incarcerate or pass sentence upon
an individual not a subject of their own Govern-
ment."
Art. 9.—This article enacts that, in consequence
of the present treaty on the new frontier line, the
enactments of the treaties concluded at Nertchinsk
and Kiakhta are superseded.
Art. 10.—This article refers simply to the rdesttho;
ration of cattle that may have strayed beyoec
fu gi.
new frontier line, and to the extradition f
tives, as given above.
Art. 11.—This article simply regulates the trans-
a reciprocal ami-
mission of written despatcheso
authorities of the respec-
tivecable footing between the
empires.
die settles the postal arrange-
Art. 12.—This arti
ments between the
two empires. Letters and par-
cels from Kiakhta to Pekin and vice versa are to
:—L
point etters once a month from either
leave as follows
; parcels once every two months from Kiakhta
for Pekin, and once every three months from Pekin
to Kiakhta.
Twenty days are allowed for the transmission of
letters ; 40 days at the outside for parcels.
Should the merchants deem it advisable to esta-
blish a postal communication of their own, they are
at liberty to do so at their own cost and risk, by
notifying their intention to the respective authori-
ties.
" Art. 13.—The ordinary correspondence of the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia for the supreme
council (kiun-kitchou) of the empire Ta-Tsing, ant
those of the Governor-General of Eastern Sibena
for the same council, or for the Court of Foresgn
Relations (li-ran-youen), Will be sent by the oriti.