The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-18 00:00:00

ASKE PRODUCE STAKES.

Carbineer ... w.o
£5O HANDICAP PLATE. _

Concertina c01t...
Faultless ..
Eight ran.
CLARET STAKES.

Thormanby
Three ran.

LATEST BETTING ON THE COURSE.
TWO THOUSAND.
10 to 1 agst Overton (taken)
100 to 8 apt Diophantus (offered)
14 to 1 agst Preceptress (taken)
CHESTER CUP.
14 to 1 agst Light (taken freely)
40 to 1 agst Millionaire (taken)
THE DERBY.
lOU to 0 agst ntiao.u. (E.ken)
30 to 1 agst Robin Hood (taken)

21111RSK RACE'S.—(7his Day.)

BY EIPECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
MOWBRAY STAKES.

Repartee • •
Do ,rka 2
3
Middleton Maid

Nine ran.
SOWERBY PLATE.

Fast Runner
Miss Dunstable
Glen Stewart

Thirteen ran.
HAMBLETON PLATE.

Lopeatcher
Cambondo
3
Bernice...

Twenty-three ran.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY MORNING.
A curious case of contempt came before the Lord
Chancellor yesterday. In the case of " Gildea v.
Gildea," which came before the Master of the Rolls,
certain orders were made in which Mr. Xavefius
Blake was interested, and by which he felt
aggrieved. The Lord Chancellor stated that front
a communication he had received within the last
few days, supported by affidavit, it appeared that
Mr. Blake had gone to the private residence of
the Master of the Rolls with a stick or horse-
whip in his hand, walking up and down
before the house, threatening to inflict cor-
poral punishment on his Honour. This conduct
his Lordship declared to be a gross violation
of the law and a contempt of Court. A condi-
tional order had been issued for the committal of
Mr. Blake, and the Lord Chancellor called upon
him to show cause why it should not be made abso-
lute, stating at the same time that the Master of the
Rolls did not want to deprive him of his liberty, if
he would undertake not to go to his house or molest
him any more. Mr. Blake explained, stating that
he had been badly treated by the Master, who had
given out that he (Mr. Blake) was mad, and had
thus made him unhappy ; that he merely called on
him as a friend, a mediator—not as a judge, but as
a private man, sending in his compliments, and
wishing to speak to him before serving him with a
summons and plaint ; that the Master of the Rolls
raised his umbrella to him, and threatened to give
him in charge to the police. For this Mr.
Blake insisted that the Lord Chancellor should
require his Honour to apologise, and it was to com-
pel him to apologize that he went to his house with
a horsewhip.
The Lord Chancellor, being very reludtant to
send Mr. Blake to prison, pressed him repeatedly to
give an undertaking not to repeat the offence. " I
have feelings towards you," said his Lordship,
" which induce me to be anxious not to deal severely
with you. Will you undertake to abstain from any
demonstrations of the kind 9" To this Mr. Blake
replied If you put it in this way I will answer
your question Will you see the Master of the
Rolls and horsewhip him as you have threatened ?"
Ultimately Mr. Blake gave the required under-
taking, stating that " his word was as good at a
thousand pound security." The conditional order
was made absolute, but not to be executed unless
the Master of the Rolls received further annoyance,
Mr. Blake loudly protesting that he should be
compelled to apologize for his insulting-conduct.

Li7T PA .-,_ll RE.

Ten Irceks Japan. By C,. Slaith, 1) D., Bishop
of Victoria, hung Kang. Longt..sit.
This very arsreeable and interesting volume
gives us a narrative of the as-liter's impla cf
Japan acid the Japanese, derived from a ten weeks'
sijourn in the empire. He does not pretend to
give a profound or elaborate treris., but a
simple record of facts which the author witnessed
during his brief visit to the country, and on which
he has grounded some general observations respect-
ing the moral, social, and political condition of the
Japanese race." For this very reason the work
will be more attractive to the general reader, who
may form a very good idea of the general character
and habits of this singular people from its pages.
Dr. Smith represents the Japanese in much the
same light as other travellers have done. He speaks
of them as a fine race, brave, intelligent, and eager
for information, but degraded by their low tone of
morals and injured in their social qualities by the
system of espionage which prevails. On the occa-
sion of the bishop's visit of ceremony to the
Governor of Nagasaki, in company with the British
Consul, a cautious conversation ensued, in which
the Japanese declined to give direct answers to
the questions asked :
It was not until the close that we noticed the rapid
motion of pen with which a native reporter was recording
our words, and passing with hurried movements from page
to page. Every incident of the interview was doubtless
made the subject of an official report, which was soon on
its way to Yedde, 700 miles distant. He once turned
round and compared notes with a second reporter, more re-
tired from view, and seated behind the chair of one of the
official, who acted in his turn as a secret watch or spy, and
checked by the most precise details the accuracy of the
other writer, This system of espionage and checks is a
heavy restraint upon the public officers, spreads abroad a
universal spirit of mutual distrust, sows the seeds of con-
spiracy and false accusation broadcast over the land, and
operates prejudically on the national character by fostering
a body of hypocrites and spies in every rank, of society.
The Government is, indeed, by this odious system
rendered almost ommscent in the details of official life.
But a heavy price is paid in the universal suspicion and
heartless treachery which separates man from man.
The efficacy of the law in repressing crime is, how-
ever, very great. The trades of the chief cities are
busy and active, and the number and variety of the
goods offered for sale are worthy of any European
mart. The first impression generally borne away
from this busy scene, according to the writer, is a
sense of tawdriness and want of finish; for if, on
the one hand, the signs of destitution are absent,
yet on the other there are no indications of wealth
and luxury. Few wants, primitive habits, and
rigid adherence to old forms, and the subdivision
of classes, combine to withdraw the ordinary
stimulants to exertion and progress. But the
people, as a nation, are happy and contented:—
If the Japanese do not enjoy the blessings of what is
callei in the West constitutional freedom, and know little
about theories of civil and religioi liberty, they contrive
to make daily life flow smoothly on the stream of time, and
are content to be borne along on the tido of present sensual
enjoyment and careless ease. If we could dare to exclude
from our estimate all thought of an Almighty Ruler of the
world, the holy purity of the Divine law, and the certainty
of a judgment to come, a Christian narrator might find
less difficulty in coinciding in the generally received ex•
pressions respecting the happy condition and external
prosperity of the people of Japan. Exempt from political
cares, they know few trials apart from 'bodily wants, and
the hard toil of labouring for the meat that perisheth.
They compensate themselves for the absence of the com-
forts of a civilisation, to which they are as yet strangers,
by helping themselves liberally to those material comforts
which a little money at any time places within their reach.
Old and young banish care by a plentiful intermixture of
pastime in the occupations of life.
The people have a great desire for information,
and are willing and anxious to learn from their
'European visitors. As the author observes, there
is great hope for a country and a race of people
thus conscious of their own inferiority, and will-
ing to avail themselves of the instruction of
strangers in remedying the defects of native
science. This remark made in speaking of the
medical school near Desima,Sin which Dr. Pompe,
the Dutch physician attached to the factory there,
gives lectures to native students and practitioners,
receiving a salary from the Japanese Government
for so doing. The medical pupils are boarded and
lodged in the school at the expense of the Tycoon,
and a class is formed in the afternoon of a number
of local practitioners, who make their professional
visits in the morning, and afterwards avail them-
selves of the advantages of European instruction.
A naval school was also established under the
supervision of the Dutch at the expense of the Impe-
rial Government. The institution has, however,
been abandoned, which is the more to be regretted,
as some of the pupils gave promise of great ability.
One young man, who was quite ignorant of the
Dutch language on entering, in the space of 18
months had made considerable progress in mathe-
matics, and mastered all the problems of trigono-
metry. The Japanese authorities are now
relaxing a little of their religious intolerance,
though they keep a strict supervision over the dis-
semination of books. Since the massacre and
expulsion of the Jesuits, Christianity has not been
tolerated. It was not always so, however, judging
from the story told of the Emperor Nohanan, who,
when a petition demanding the expulsion of the
missionaries was given him, asked how many re-
ligions there were in Japan. "Thirty-five" was
the reply. "Nell, then," said the Emperor, "we
may easily hear -a thirty-sixth ; let the strangers
dwell in peace." Of the future prospects of the
people Dr. Smith speaks hopefully, recommending,
like all men of sense and discernment, proper care
and caution in dealing with their prejudices. He
laments the overbearing and contemptuous manner
so often worn by Europeans and Americans, as-
suming the airs of a conquering race in countries
where they are scarcely tolerated. Another
matter of regret is the reckless dishonesty
of some traders, and the connivance of the
Japanese officials, which the author truly repre-
sents to be a most shortsighted policy. The ex-
port of raw silk from Yokuhama during a certain
period was reported in the commercial statistics
at Shanghae as exceeding 3,000 bales, during which
time the export duty paid on silk to the local
custom house was officially returned as between
500 and 600 bales. Truly, such conduct is not
likely to increase the Japanese love for trade, or to
awaken the Government to a sense of the national
value of commerce. Of the structure of the lan-
guage, of the climate and the earthquakes, and the
manners and habits of the people copious informa-
tion is given. The illustrations consist of eight
large coloured plates, and a map, which greatly
enhance the attractions of the volume. Those who
wish to gather a good general idea of the ways of
the people and the conduct of the Government will
very likely gain more knowledge from these simple
and graphic chapters than from more abstruse and
elaborate volumes.

Anahuac; or, Mexico andthe Mexicans, Ancient and
Modern. By Edward B. Tyler. Longman.
This is a narrative of the adventures of Mr. Tyler
and his friend, Mr. Christy, in Mexico during the
year 1856. It would be difficult to define with any
exactitude the limits of their travels, which were ,
particularly erratic; but their line of route is marked
on a sketch of the country which is appended to
the work. Starting from the Havana (where the
travellers first met) some insight is given (if such
alas were needed) into the mode in which the
Spaniards observe the Treaty with England for the
suppression of the slave trade. It is well known
in this country that it is but a farce for England
to send squadrons to the gold coast and to the shores
of Cuba, while the Spaniards, faithless to honour
and the laws of civilised nations, encourage this
iniquitous trade. But Mr. Tylor goes further, he
declares, "that from information he has received," all
the officials, from the highest to the lowest, profit
by it. Also that some 15,000 negroes are landed
yearly. But what right have we to complain.
What are the coolies and Chinese in the West
Indies ? We do not admit that their treatment
there is so bad as when they get among the Spa-
niards or into Southern States of America ; but it is
after all sle.very under another name. Mr. Tylor
writes with great clearness upon this subject gene-
rally, but we must not let him loiter on the way, and
so land him at once at Vera Cruz. The first experiences
\of our friends could not have been very pleasant,
or, on the road from the aforesaid city " en route",
for the capital, they met with rather inhospitable
usage. Travelling by diligence they halted for the
night at the village of Huemantla Puebla, a city
containing about 70,000 inhabitants; the usual halt-
ing place, being at that time in revolt, was besieged
by the President ; but among this volcanic people
civil war is so common that it makes
little difference to trade, except that :it
causes the country to bo infested with bands of
robbers, as the following adventure will show :
At the inn, they found the travellers by the down
coach, who were bewailing their hard fate, for
while entering the village the whole of the luggage
had been cut adrift by highwaymen, and on com-
plaint being made at the coach office they were in-
formed that they might think themselves fortu-
nate that they had not been shot into the bargain.
Here was a pleasant look out for the passengers by
•the up stage, and to keep up their courage they
were told most fearful stories of murder, &c.
THE INNKEEPER.
These gentlemen had indeed got off easily, as the driver
said ; for the last diligence from Vera Cruz, with our
steamboat acquaintances in it, had been stopped just out-
side this very town of Huamantla as they left it before
daylight in the morning. The robbers were but three, but
they had plundered the unfortunate travellers. effectu-
ally as thirty could have done. Nr.iw, all this was very
pretty to hear as a tale, but not satisfactory to
_travellers
who were going by the same road the next morning and
in the disagreeable barrack-room where our beds stood in
passengers of the "up" diligence,
like Mr. Macaulay's senators,
hloenlag lines,
a council, we, tshteanndinineg,
and there decided on a most Christian line of conduct—.
oot 10,04 rue tUrec poo UP(111 US; alc wwozz,l9

the inevitable .escorta was poked in at our window, w
w nil det-ci td meekly, end t e commend of "bout
aba.io" (mouth downwards), we wciutd humiliate ourselves
with cur noses in the dirt, and be rebbe i quietly. Having
thus decided beforehand, according to the etiquette of the
road, whether we were to fight or eubrnit, and being tired
with a :ong journey, we all turned m, and were fast
asleep in a rainuer.t.
It seemed that, almost directly afterwards the dirtiest
man possible came round, and shook us till we were con-
scious; and we washed in the customary saucers, by the
light of a real, flaring, smoking, Spanish lamp with a beak,
exactly what the Romans used in Pompeii, except that
this is of brass, not bronze.
With our eyes still half-shut we crawled into the kitchen
for our morning chocolate, and demanded our bill. Such
a bill ! One of us, a stout Spaniard, sent for the landlord
and abused him in a set speech. The " patron" divested
his countenance of every trace of expression, scratched his
head through his greasy nightcap, and stood listening
patiently. The stout man grew fiercer and fiercer, and
wound up with a climax. "If we meet with the robbers,"
said he, rolling himself up in his great cloak, " we must tell
them that we have passed through your worship's hands,
and there is none left for them." The landlord heaved
gravely, saw us into the diligence, and hoped we should
have a fortunate journey, and meet with no novelty on the
road. A "novelty" in Spanish countries means a mis-
fortune.
We met with no novelty, though, when we looked out of
the window in the early dawn and spied three men with
muskets, following us at a short distance, we thought our
time had come, and watches and valuables were plunged
into boots and under seats, and through slits into the pad-
ding of the diligence ; but the three men came no nearer,
and we supposed them to be an escort of soldiers. When
it was light the difficulty was to recover the valuables—no
easy matter, so securely had they been hidden.
Our travellers did not show much pluck, but this
is perhaps the custom in Mexico. They, however,
arrived safe in due time, and the author, having
given a description of the appearance of the country
on his route, plunges into one of the cities of Mexico,
where he enjoys himself and dives into the archives
of the monasteries; and shows great zeal in collect-
ing much interesting information. He remarks
on, and we rather think condemns, the het dishes
of the country, but of course tastes vary in all
climes. After giving an account of Old Mexico,
which was destroyeed at the time of the Spanish
invasion under Cortez, and the building of the
new city, he describes a curious contrivance, to
which the natives in certain localities resorted
to enable them to live on their own property
FLOATING GARDENS.
In old times, when Mexico was in the middle of a great
lake, and the inhabitants were not strong enough to hold
land on the shores, they were driven to strange shifts to
get food. Among other expedients, they took to making
little floating islands, which consisted of rafts of reeds and
brushwood, on which they heaped mud from the shores of
the lakes. On the banks of the lake of Tezcuco the mud
was, at first, too full of salt and soda to be good for culti-
vation; but by pouring the water of the lake upon it, and
letting it soak through, they dissolved out most of the
salts, and the island was fit for cultivation, and bore splen-
did crops of vegetables. These islands were called chi-
nampas," and ey were often large enough for the pro-
prietor to build a hut in the middle, and live in it with
his family. In later times, when the Mexicans came to be
no longer afraid of their neighbours, the chinampas were
not of much use , and when the water was drained off, and
the city stood on dry land, one would have supposed that
such a troublesome and costly arrangement would have
been abandoned. The Mexican, however, is hard to move
from the customs of his ancestors ; and we have Humboldt's
word for it, that in his time there were some of these arti-
ficial islands still iu the lake of Chalco, which the owners
towed about with a rope, or pushed with a long pole. They
are all gone now, at any rate, though the name of
inawpa is still applied to the gardens along the canal..
These gardens very much resemble the floating islands in
their construction of mud, heaped on a foundation of reeds
and branches ; and though they are not the real thing, and
do not float, they are interesting, as the present representa-
tives of the famous Mexican floating gardens. They are
narrow stripy of land, with a frontage of four or five yards,
to the canal, and a depth of one hundred, or a hundred and
fifty yards. Between the strips are open ditches ; and on©,
principal occupation of the proprietor seems to be bringing
up mud from the bottom of the ditch with a wooden
shovel, and throwing it on the garden, in places where it
has sunk. The reason of the narrowness of the strips is
that he may be able to throw mud all over them from thet
ditches on either side.
The history of Mexico is too well known for us to
dilate at any length on Mr. Tyler's interesting,
narrative of the conquest of the country and the
condition of the inhabitants before and after that
event. Enough be it to say that as a proof of
the evil wrought in this rich country, civilised.
by native genius and fast rising into greatness,
before its conquest by the Spaniards, that the
consequent subjugation of the Aztic race
caused native civilisation to cease to pro-
gress ; for although the country has many ad-
vantages consequent to the advance of science, yet
they come from a foreign land, the native energy
is dead, and in remoter parts the people look back
to the institutions of their ancestors with regret,
and follow the ways of their fathers, as far as
possible, with respect. Christianity has indeed
superseded idolatry ; but what of that. 'With a
profligate priesthood, and no moral restraint, are
they better than they were in their former ignor-
ance ? In treating on Earthquakes, &c., Mr.
Tyler makes the following remark, which is per-
haps unknown to many :
TEMPERATURE.
We made a few rough observations of the thermometer
and barometer during our stay in Mexico. The barometer
stands at about 22i inches, and our thermometer gave the
boiling point of water at 199 degrees. We could never get
eggs well boiled in the high lands, and attributed this,
whether rightly or not I cannot say, to the low tempera-
ture of boiling water.
We must certainly say for the author and his
companion, that during a short stay they not
only traversed a great extent of country, but were
continually searching for and acquiring informa-
tion not of a superficial order, but entering tho-
roughly into their subject, and getting as far as
possible at the truth. The silver mines are de-
scribed, not at length, certainly, but quite enough
is told to show what the responsibility of the
company's Administrator is, ruling, as he does,
over men little better than savages ; for although.
there is first-rate " plant" .on the ground, the
workmen are Indians, who combine the qualities
of thieves and indifferent labourers. The arts and.
sciences are not neglected, and the account of the
manufacture of native knives is interesting, as
is also that of other productions. Our heroes have
studied the habits of the half-castes and natives;
and say that excepting among the higher classes
there is an amalgamation of races and colours but
half civilised. Excepting the usage which they expe-
rienced at the outset, they met with every kindness
from the natives. It would be endless to enter into
particulars of their experience in Mexican domestic
economy ; and although some of the remarks ap-
pended, as it were, to this amusing narrative,
concerning politics, may not coincide with our
views, nevertheless, the history of the wanderings
of Messrs. Tyler and Christy gives an excellent
insight into the manners and customs of the
Mexicans in 1856, together with much geological
and botanical information. The work is embel-
lished with several good engravings, many wood-
cuts, and a map of the country.

THIS DAY'S MARKETS.

CORN EXCHANGE.

1M ERIAL WEEKLY AVERAGES. - Wheat, 66s 10d;
barley, 378 sd; oats, 24s ld ; rye, 358 Ild ; beans, 4lag
6d; and peas, 40s Od.
THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGES. - Wheat, 65s Od
barley, 38s 2d ; oats, 23s Od ; rye, 35s 2d; beans, 41s Od;
peas, 41s 6d.

ENGLISH GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. Wheat, 61,837;
barley, 26,242 ; oats, 9,548 ; rye, 74; beans, 3,395 ; peas,
430 quarters.

METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.

The supply of beasts in to-day's market was limited,
and chiefly composed of those turned out unsold on Mon—
day. All breeds moved off slowly, but no change took
place in the quotations. The top figure for beef was 43
10d per 81bs. We were scantily supplied with sheep, which
met a dull inquiry on former terms. Lambs commanded
Monday's currency, but the sale for them was inactive..
Prime small calves were, in moderate request ; otherwise%
the veal trade was dull, at late rates. In the value of pigs
and mulch cows no change took place.

Per Sib, to sink the offal.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.'
Crse. &inf. beasts 3 4 3 8 Primecrs-wool d 0.4 8 5 6'
Second quality do. 3 10 4 2 Pme.S'thdowndo.s' 8 5 10
Primo large oxen 4 4 4 8 Largo orse. calves 4 8 5 2
e&Scots, &
sheepc.
34
68
34
1100 Prime
Large
hogssmall .
.d. 0.. .
.. ;:f
G.
Perri:
Second qualit3ielo. 4 0 4 4 Small porkorg..:o 4 8 5 0
Lambs, 6s Od to 7,4 d.
Suckling calves, 18s to 225; and quarter-old store pigs*
22s to 295.
FOREIGN SUPPLY.
ToTAL SUPPLY
Beasts
Sheep and lambs.... 5,480 Sheep
Calves
Pig 5............... 330 Pigs .......... 44