The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-14 00:00:00

NORTH BRITISH.

A special meeting of the ordinary shareholders of
this company was held at Edinburgh on Tuesday,
Mr. Hodgson presiding, for the purpose of consider-
ing the propriety of subscribing a fund for the pur-
pose of making a line through Berwickshire.
The CHAIRMAN stated that the directors had
agreed to recommend the shareholders to subscribe
the sum of £50,000 towards the proposed railway,
on condition of the local promoters first contribut-
ing £50,000 and becoming liable for all preliminary
and Parliamentary expenses in the event of the Act
not being obtained. The proposed line will be 20
miles in length, and will ran from the terminus of
the Duna) branch of the Berwick line to St. Bos-
well's, on the Hawick line, thus forming a connect-
ing link between the east and west portions of the
North British Railway system. The estimated cost
is £lOO,OOO, to be raised as above stated ; and should
it be exceeded the borrowing powers will be exer-
cised. The line is to pass Earlston, a manufactur-
ing town, and Greenlaw, the county town. The
chairman, who expressed his belief that the line
would be remunerative in itself and advantage-
ous to the North British, moved that the sum of
£50,000 be contributed.

Mr. SFROT, deputy chairman, seconded the reso-
lution.

In reply to Mr. Murray,
The CIIAIRMAN stated that the directors did not
feel that they were in a position to receive tenders
for the construction of the Galashiels and Peebles
line till the Border Union line, from Hawick to
Carlisle and Hexham, was opened.
The resolution was unanimously carried.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

At the meeting of this institution, on Tuesday,
Mr. George P. Bidder, the president, who occupied
the chair, alluded to the singular fact of its having
been his painful duty, on the first meeting of the
late session, to notice the loss of some old and dis-
tinguished members of the profession. Thus, he
had announced the less of Mr. Brunel, Mr.
Robert Stephenson, and Mr. Locke, and now he
had to mention the decease of Sir William Cubitt:
'this distinguished engineer was a very old mem-
ber of the institution, and zealously assisted in
its early struggles, and, as a vice-president and
as president, had lent effectual aid in extricating
it from its financial difficulties. He was early
distinguished for his knowledge of mechanical
' engineering, in which branch he introduced some
ingenious improvements. Among his principal
civil engineering works were mentioned the South
Eastern and the (treat Northern railways; the
gigantic floating landing stages at Liverpool, the
iron bridge at Rochester, and the effective super-
intendence of the construction of the Crystal
Palace in Hyde-park in 1851, which service was
recognised by her Majesty conferring on him the
honour of knighthood. Sir William, unlike other
members, had attained an advanced age, and during
his long cancer had secured the respect and esteem
of all his professional brethren, as well as the
consideration of all with whom he was brought
useful a
member;
into contact. IL's success was doubtless in a great
degree to be ascribed to the soundness of his
mechanical experience, which heemneovreyr
would
impress upon all the younger members of the
theprofession.to early
society
of His
in whichlto ph s
president,
iwah eoe nu
institution
tl ,
hadd
in be
beensincerelybys
feelingt
h : works
felt
terms,
by
hie
mkseobpnetr:aAlaiinvred the.
Joseph Cubitt,el.
who had succeededof
pressed the hope that Sir William's memory
his father in the council.

The paper read was " On the Hooghly and tho
Mutla," by Mr. 3, A, Longridge, C.E.

RO YAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENT GARDEN.
tinier the management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. Win.
Garrison, Sole LeHees.

THIS EVENING, THE MARRIAGE OF GEORGETTE.
Miss Thirlwall and Mr. A. Corri.
After which, at Eight o'clock, LURLINE. Miss L. Fyne,
Mesdames Jcssie M'Lean and Thirlwall ; Messrs. Santley.
H. Corri, C. Lyall, l'atey, and W. Harrison.

Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON.
Commence At Seven o'clock.

The Box-office open from Ten to Five daily. No charge for
hooking, or fees to Box-keepers.
Stage-Manager, Mr. Leigh Murray. Acting-Manager, Mr.
Edward Murray.

THEA TR E. RO Y AT., HAYMARKET,
Lesmce, Mr. J. B. Backatone.
TEETS EVENING, the nerformatioes will commence with
THE WOLF AND THE LAMB.
After which, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Lord Dun-
dreary, Mr. Sothern. Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Farren, Mrs. C.
Young, &c.
To conclude with MY HUSBAND'S GHOST.
Commence ar 7

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer.
T MS EVENING, will be performed: (sth time) the new
and original Drama, entitled PEEP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen
Deelish. Messrs. Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles
S^lby, Edmun i Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara
Weston.
To conclude with GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walter Lacy,
Mrs. St. Henry.
Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at
7 Box-office open daily from 11 till %.
Acting, Manager—Mr. F. B Ch ittert on.

ROYAL Pit INCE SS'S THEATRE.—
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
Tuts EVENING. JEANETTE'S WEDDING. Miss M.
Barris and Mr. H. Widdicomb.
Alter whinh, a new and original comed:y, in five FlREten by John Brougham, entitled PLAYING WITH ;
characters by Mr. John Brougham, Mr. Ryder, Mr. H. Wid-
dicombe, Mr. G. Jordan, Miss R. Lelofereq, Miss Angle, and
Mrs. Weston.
•I`o conclude with a new Transatlantic Extravaganza,
PO-CA-ZION-TAS. Mr. John Brougham, Mr. A. Harris,

EW THI%ATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHL—
Sole Proprietor and Manazer, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, MUSIC FIATR CHARMS. Messrs.
U. Fisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw.
Alter which (276th time), T FIE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr
P. goucicault, S. Emery, D. Fisher, Eburne, Romer, C. .1
Smith, Mrs. Boucicault, Miss W oolgar, Mrs. Billington, and
Mrs. Lewis.
Toaonclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Messrs. Fisher,
Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors onen at half-past 6—Commence at 7.
Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking.

NE W ROYALTY THEATRE,
Dean-street, Oxford-street.
Under the Direction of Mdlle. Albina di Rhona.
THIS EVENING, to commence with ATAR GULL :
Messrs. Sinclair, Graham, Butler, &.^. ; Misses Clifford and
Terry.
After which, Mdlle. di Rhona will appear in CAMELIA,
and Dance two National Dances.
Third appearance of Mr. Hall, who will perform Two
Bolos on his Magic Bugle.
Box-office open from 11 to 5.
Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at Seven.

C kNTERBURY HALL CONCERTS
AND FINE ARTS GALLERY.

Ore‘t success of lir. SAM COWELL'S New Song, " TITH
HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT," which will be repeated
every evening,

Grand Selections from
STRADELLA, LA 'PRAVIATA, and DINORAH

By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, and Signor Tivoli,

with a poWerful Chorui.

Solos on the Cornet-a-piston by the renowned performer
Mr. LEVY.

The Comic department comprises Mr. Sam Cowell, Mr.
Marshall, Messrs. Harvey and French (the Nerves), and
Miss Harriet Coveney
Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans.
Admission —Hall, Bd. ; Stalls and Balcony,

THE 0 X F ORD,
8, OXFORD-STREET.

EVERY EVENING.

Anber's New Comic Opera, " LA CIRCASSIENNE," and
Verdi's new Grand opera, " Simonßoacanegra," by the entire
Company. Babe's new ballads by Miss Russell and Madame
Eaderssohn (composed expressly for them). Varied Comic
Entertainments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs. W. Ran-
dal:, Harvey and French (The Nerves), E. Marshall, and
SAM COWELL. Hall, Eld. ; Balcony and. Stalls, is ; Private
Boxes, 10s. 6d.

TO
PARLIAMENTARY AGENTS.

We beg to inform COUNTRY AGENTS and
SOLICITORS that, for their convenience, we
shall keep The Sun Press open on Saturday, the
16th inst., to the very latest moment, for the
FIRST INSERTION of Notices to Parliament
for the introduction of Bills for Railways, and
other matters.

N.B.—Saturday is the Last Day for the Ensu

in g Session.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THis DAY.—Morning, h. Gm—Afternoon, 12h. Gm.
To-monnow.-Morning, 12h. 26m.—Afternoon, 12h. 46m.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 14, 1861,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
41-1 ighest since noon yesterday.
34—lowest this morning and during the night.
42 —this day at noon.
BAROMETER—Down to 29.56 ; now up to 29.83.
Wttstu—Variable; but fresh and cold—Westerly to N.-
Westerly, with fine dry weather.

...„4 ..-, _
...
.44 , ~.„.,..,,--„
-`'- ''
' -.. ,g • - '... 1; >::'.7,l''Xi.'4,._ 'Llp.,-,--)''ti. "' "` - -
•-% t• ---7----..._:,; ' • . ,---... ,

THE SUN.

LuNDON, THURSDAY, NOV. 14, 1861.

The intelligence from France, in our Latest
News, will give general satisfaction. If the word
of promise be not broken to our hopes, the
extravagance on the other side of the water,
which necessitated sneh vast expenditure on this,
is about to be diminished. The EMPEROR renounces
his power of spending money not voted by his
Chambers ; and M. FOULD boldly lays his finger on
the cause of the financial difficulties of France—the
waste of money in a way which needlessly alarms
Europe—what a relief to Mr. GLADSTONE if a bad
harvest and M. FOULD bring France to Ler senses.

A strong Austria is the favourite idea of our old
school politicians, both Whig and Tory—of the
latter especially. They must surely leap then for joy
as they read this morning's telegrams. So strong
has their favourite become, that she can now dis-
pense, not only with Hungarian goodwill, she can
kick away Croat is too. Once upon a time her only
hope was to bribe JELLACHICH and the Croatians
to march against the Hungarians, while to the
Hungarians she denounced them as traitors and
rebels for doing it. Now she can do without either
of them ; can afford to dissolve their Diets, to go-
vern them by the right divine of the bullet and the
bayonet, and to make judges and magistrates of
colonels and lieutenants. The EMPEROR and M.
SCHMERLING must best know how strong they are,
and they feel that they are strong enough to
subjugate rather than yield to law and reason;
to defy Venetia, Hungary, and Croatia at the
same moment, and. confidently to take their stand
on—the right of the strongest.
Still, as Monarchy pure is
on its trial in Aus-
tria, the friends of monarchical institutions may
well look a little anxiously to the result of the
trial. Even supposing the peace of
Europe to
be preserved, what must be the effect of having
to govern half an empire by the sword ? Of
course, throughout that half, commerce must be at
an end; and, with commerce, revenue will vanish
also. The subjugated half of the empire will not
merely not pay its expenses—it will be a heavy
burden on the Imperial Exchcquer. A kingdom
divided against itself, we know, on the highest
authority, cannot stand—it assuredly cannot stand
Snancially. At the present moment Austria pro-
bably could not obtain a loan of ten millions at
ten per cent. on any exchange in Europe. No
contractor would take it unless she could give a
material guarantee—not simply the security of
revenues which a social convulsion could sweep
away in a moment. But take the other side—
suppose Austria willing to content Hungary with
Croatia and the other annexed dependencies of
the Run_gi aran Crown ; suppose her, in addition,
willing to sell Venetia, and to retire beyond the
Alps ; suppose
her to have accomplished these
things, and she
might have her ten millions at

five per cant. upon the usual guarantees. But'
then, perhaps, she might be able to do without a
loan. She would hardly need an army, for no one
dare to attack her. The States ofwhich she consists,
enjoying their rights under her crown, would unite
to drive off any invader.
All that fanciful kind of strength she now throws
to the wind. Her notion of strength is that which
proved the ruin of the Roman Empire—to keep
down one part of her Empire by troops drawn from
another part. Germans keep down Hungary,
Hungarians Italy, and so all round with her
thirty states and provinces. This she thinks
real, not imaginary strength. But how long will
it last P Evidently only so long as the army
can be kept in profound ignorance. Austria
does skilfully contrive that soldiers shall be as
much as possible mere animals or machines, but she
cannot prevent the truth reaching them some day.
Illiterate as they are, the truth may any day meet
them that they are all made tools for enslaving each
other's countries respectively, and when once that
conviction pervades an army, not of volunteers, but
of conscripts, it is all up. They will dismiss or
shoot the officers who have made tools of them, and
march for their respective homes.

But the case for Austria does not close there.
What she chiefly fears is attack from without. She
dreads another Solferino if she does not dread do-
mestic military rf sistance. Her present confidence
is due to her belief that she is, at present, secure
against foreign war. France, she thinks, is now
indisposed to push Italy again upon her, and then
aid the attack. Does not even GARIBALDI himself
say, be quiet now—but arm—and as that arming is
a future thing, no one can tell what may turn up by
the time Italy is armed. But Austria must not be
too confident. The very straits of Louis NAPOLEON
may drive him to a war. If a half-starving popu-
lation begin to raise the dreaded cry of " bread,"
if socialism, and the Emperor himself is a Socialist,
has taught the distressed manufacturers, and the
pinched agriculturists, to look to the Emperor,
not to themselves, for help ; then, he may have
nothing for it, but to divert popular atten-
tion by a war. He may not prefer it ;
but what would a NAPOLEON stop at when
the security or glory of the dynasty was at stake?
Whence, if not from this conviction, arises the
general apprehension that we may have war in the
spring ? France uneasy through a bad harvest,
through stoppage of trade both in raw material and
in manufactures with America, and with a
clergy angry at the demand of freedom for the
Romans—that is of Rome for the capital of Italy—
France, thus disquieted, must, it is supposed, be
quieted ; and what quiets France so easily as glory
for her arms. The idea too—and France only en-
joys the honour of " making war for an idea"—of
liberating oppressed nationalities, is a favourite one
with France. A war which was against Austria
and for the Hungarians and Venetians, with a
hopeful glance towards Poland, would arouse the
eathusiasm of all classes in France. It would
be said—England gives merely her cold sym-
pathy,
but France sheds her blood that the na-
tions may be free !
It need not be said that with France in Croatia,
and thence on the Danube, with the Italians attack-
ing the Quadrilateral, and inviting the Hungarians
and Croats who defend it to use their arms not for
the oppressors of their countrymen but against them,
Austria would fall like the walls of Jericho itself.
The Quadrilateral would be mined and breached
from within, and nothing would remain of the
Austrian Empire, but the name in history—a con-
summation which would gladden the heart of every
!over of the human race. We cannot indeed desire
a European war, yet we could not regret one in
the South and East of Europe, if it resulted in
a strong Hungarian kingdom, and annihilated that
grand foe of civil and religious liberty—the
Austrian Empire.

A gentleman from the Southern States of
America thus writes to us, in a letter otherwise
private, in reference to some remarks of ours the
other day :
" For your own information, I also state that the
South is manufacturing all the powder and big
guns, and woollen clothing and shoes, need by its
troops—experiencing no lack of any of these articles,
except leather and blankets. It also has several
manufactories of muskets, though she chiefly relies
upon purchases in Europe for these. Will you
allow me also to state, that the South has ex-
perienced no want of funde. She has not asked
Europe to lend her a dollar; but, on the contrary,
it has already expended several millions in specie
in England, and has no reason to suppose that it
will become bankrupt."
We can have no reason to suspect our informant

of any intention to mislead, but we must confess

that all the facts we have seen from the South look
the other way. We have always been informed
that one of the essentials of gunpowder, sul-
phur, was not to be procured in the Southern
States, and we know that fresh supplies
of it could only reach them through the
blockade. Coarse woollen articles, we know, they
can manufacture, but great must be their suffer-
ings without leather and blankets; indeed, it is
a dictum of a well-known ancient wiseacre that,
for defence, the business of the South, there is
" nothing like leather."
As to the big guns, we have observed hitherto
that all the " biggest guns" have been those
prigged from the North by the grace of that
honest worthy, Mr. Secretary FLOYD ; the rest
seem to have been either got from Norfolk Navy-
yard, or captured at Bull's Run. We know of no
factory for either big guns or muskets worth
a moment's consideration as capable of pro-
ducing supplies for a long war; even the
raw material would have to be imported. How-
ever, our informant acknowledges that their reliance
is on Europe, which we believe to be the truth—
but they must not count on all ships being so lucky
as the Bermuda, or on her being so lucky a second
time. The exultation over the gunpowder and
guns she brought seems to show the condition
of the South in regard to military stores. It
must also be borne in mind that the pinch is yet
to come. The South has expended little ammu-
nition yet—when she has to do that she may find
herself much embarrassed.

As to the financial question—Mr. MEMMINGER'S
letter does not look as if no want of funds were
experienced; had any Chancellor of the Exchequer
of
should certainly any European State to write such a letter, we
a smileertainly thinkatany
f hisil i nic
countrymen 7"hard
sayingup .' ' We
6hthat
they had never asked any other country to "lend
them a dollar." We should think we did not need
to be told the reason why. When planters were
asked to subscribe, not money, but "promises to
pay," not at a fixed date—six months,nine months,
or even a year or two, but whenever they could sell
their cotton, and the Government was going to use 1
these promises as money—it would certainly be as
hopeless to get a loan for such a Government as to
raise one for Austria herself. To Englishmen this
looks very much like being bankrupt, not
becoming so. And the fact that nothing but specie
would procure the acceptance of an order by an
English manufacturer, would also seem to imply
that those whom it most concerned looked on the
Southern States as already in the Gazette. We

have, indeed, little or no faith in the ultimate
safety of Northern Seven and a-half per Cents., so
that we are tolerably impartial. But, as a plain
business matter, we should deal with the South
precisely as we do with those gentlemen who have
just "taken the benefit of the Act."

Perhaps no country can look with more impar-
tiality on the American quarrel than England does
—we have grave cause of displeasure with each
section, we have also a ground of goodwill towards
each. We like the actual freedom of the North,
and we like the free trade principles of the South.
But we abominate the negro slavery of the South,
and almost as much the negro hating and negro
hunting of the North. Again, we think it was
very mean of the South to concede a protec-
tionist tariff to the North as the price of politi-
cal ascendancy, and equally mean of the North
to sell their natural ascendancy for such a shabby
consideration. Yet further, we have—as some on
both sides have owned, by throwing the blame of
it on each other—good cause for displeasure with
both sections for their arrogant, captious,
ill-bred behaviour towards England, for
which, since their independence was recog-
nised, the States have had no fair excuse what-
ever, Unfortunately, just as trade and common
sense were mitigating this, the war broke out, and
since that time the North has, beyond doubt, been
the ruder and the more unreasonable in her con-
duct towards this country.
We have but one wish for both—that the war
may last till slavery is abolished ; if that be accom-
plished, for all it concerns us, they may become
two, or States twenty if they please.

The speech of the King of the BELGIANS at the
opening of the Chambers is remarkable for its
liberality, good sense, and moderation of tone.
King LEOPOLD has always been eminent for his tact
and far the skill with which he adapts himself to
the aspect of the times and the temper of the people.
His residence in this country probably assisted in
the extension of those liberal opinions which his
constitutional shrewdness must show him are in-
dispensable to his adopted country's prosperity and
to the development of its resources. The speech
delivered last Tuesday is encouraging in its tone
and highly satisfactory to those interested in
commercial prospects. After alluding to the fa-
vourable situation of Belgium in regard to foreign
Powers, and the neutral position she had main-
tained, the KING proceeded to speak of the
recent treaty of commerce concluded with
France. It will, perhaps, be remembered, on this
side of the Channel, that it was a reference to
this treaty in prospective which induced Mr.
COBDEN to agree to terms not altogether just to
our paper manufacturers. Negotiations are to be
opened with other States, with a view to the
establishment of more commercial treaties, and the
proposal to increase the means of communication
throughout the country will greatly facilitate
the extension of trade. The harvest, although
not favourable, is better than was anti-
cipated, and the KING congratulates him-
self that the adoption of Free-trade principles in
Belgium enables it to benefit by the import of foreign
grain. The disputes with Holland are satisfac-
torily terminated, and Holland and its Sovereign
are now spoken of as a " friendly nation" and "its
illustrious chief." An amelioration of the militia
laws is promised, which will assure an equitable
compensation to "those who devote a portion of
their youth to the noble career of arms for the ser-
vice of the State." This is no more than just, and
' may well be spoken of by the KING as a reform
mueh needed. The consideration of abuses of the
electoral privileges call, we are told, "for repressive
measures, deserving the interest and approval of
men of every opinion." This has a somewhat
suspicious sound, bearing a resemblance to those
ingenious evasions which veil despotic intentions
in high sounding platitudes. We are inclined to
think that the proposed measures will by no means
receive the universal approbation which they are
said to merit. We trust King LEOPOLD'S com-
mon sense, if nothing more, will keep him from
endangering his popularity and irritating his people
by an attempt to follow the example of other con-
tinental rulers, whose tottering thrones and disaf-
fected subjects should be sufficient warnings of the
evils of a " repressive" rule. The allusions to art
and education are more satisfactory. The exhibi-
tion at Antwerp, observes the KING, threw addi-
tional lustre on the Belgian schools once famed
throughout Europe for the names Gf REUBENS and
VAN DYCK. Other measures are proposed for
the consideration of the Chambers for which
the KING invokes " the spirit of matu-
rity, of moderation, and of calmness," which
has hitherto distinguished them. The concluding
sentences speak more of the constitutional king than
of the exalted self sufficiency of a continental
ruler; thanking the representatives for their bene-
volent support, and referring to the national "Folks
undertaken in common and placed under the guar-
dianship of King and Chambers. There is ground
for satisfaction in the tone of this opening speech,
which acknowledges the'dignity of representative in-
stitutions, and proposes important reforms in seve-
ral departments. The prosperity of a constitutional
kingdom, however small, can never be a matter
of indifference to Europe, and we trust both the
Belgians and their Sovereign will prove worthy of
the advantages of their hardly won freedom, by
adding another testimony to the truth that the
firmest basis for a throne is in the affection and
support of an intelligent people.

The Warrior has proved herself to be, in every
sense, a first-class steamship. In fact, with the
exception of the Dublin and Holyhead packets,
and a few others, she is the fastest steamer afloat;
but here her good qualities end. She is not a
handy ship under sail. It is quite problematical
whether she will stay or not, and, if she does come
round, it is more by good luck than management.
Why, in the name of common sense, must the old
rule of three masts be adhered to for all classes
of vessels. If three masts are sufficient for a
corvette, one hundred and fifty feet long, it does
not follow that they are enough for a ship of
upwards of four hundred feet in length, and of some
six thousand tons burdens. The new style of naval
architecture has upset the old rules, and the pro-
portion which used to exist between length
and breadth are now set aside ; at one time
one third of the length was considered to be the
measurement of the beam of a vessel, in fast, the
model of our fishing smacks. Now, however, the
proportion is eight or nine times to one; therefore
an extra mast or two is necessary to enable those
in charge of a ship of the size of the Warrior to
have her under complete control. It is not to be
expected that a long vessel like the Warrior can
be put about in half an acre of space, but that
she should come round in one way or another
in
mind
that in is necessary ; and although we deprecate
unnecessary expenditure
theo Warrior
radrorcikoyr airs! sa,f
after
must be borne
all, an experiment, and as such it would be better
to bring her under the sheers and remast her, and
thus save the expense of alte • rmg at a future day the
ships at present on the slips. when
tions of a vessel are altered to an extent which