The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-05 00:00:00

EVERY EVENING.

Selections from Auber's New Comic Opera, LA CIRCAS-
SIENNE by Madame Enderssohn, Mr. Greene, Mr. H.
Herbert. and the Company. Also from Verdi's new Grand
opera, "Simon Boccancgra," by Miss Russell, Messrs. Mor-
ley, Greene, C. Greville, and the Company. Full band and
chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic
Entertainments by Mr. and Master Wood, Harvey and
French (The Nerves), Mr. E. Marshall, and Mr.W. Randall.
Hall, 6d. ; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TT"Is DAY.—Morning, 2h. 10m.—Afternoon, 2h. 30m.
TO-MORROW. -Morning, 2h. 50m.—Afternoon, 3h. 13m.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, Ocromit 5, 1861.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
65—highest since noon yesterday.
50—lowest this morning and during the night.
63—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-30.07.
WlND—South-Weeterly—light ; with fine weather, bui
rather dull. Heavy fog in the morning.

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THE SUN.

LONDON,I SATURDAY, OCT. 5, 1861.

How quickly, in these days of rapid information,
the events of weeks and months pass into the
domain of history ! Probably the majority of our
readers could better remember the dates of the
Conquest, of the Execution of CHARLES " the
Martyr of Blessed Memory," and of the glorious
Revolution, than they could the dates of the chief
American events which have jug occurred almost
beneath their eyes. We remember the succession
of them, but when we recollect the days when eaeh
took place, we are alternately surprised at the
length or the shortness of the time which has
elapsed since.
It may be not uninteresting to recal briefly the
outline of the course things have taken during the
last eleven months, for it is during that time that
Secession has been active. On the 6th of last
November Mr. LINCOLN was elected by the decisive.
majority of 180 votes out of the 303 which consti-
tute the electoral college, and only four days after-
wards the South Carolina Legislature passed the
bill for a Convention, which, on the 20th of Decem-
ber following, unanimously passed the secession
ordinance, and invited the other States to join it.
Only ten days after this the rebel State seized on
the arsenals and other Federal property, and com-
pelled Major ANDERSON to retire into Fort Sumter.
Amid these scenes Congress met on the 4th of
December as usual ; BUCHANAN sent in his merely
expostulatory message, proving, what every one
knew, that the constitution made no provision for
secession, but almost encouraging the South by his
view of their claims on the North. On the 18th of
the same month the famous Crittenden Resolutions
were brought forward, the chief object of which
was to restore the old boundary line of 36.30 North
between freedom and slavery in the territories, but
which also proposed that the North should pay for
fugitive slaves which the South could not recover,
and that the South and slavery should share in all
territory hereafter to be acquired. With South
Carolina out of the union, and hopeless debates in
Congress, the year 1860 passed away.
Secession opened with great spirit at the com-
mencement of the new year. On the 9th of
January the Carolinians fired on the Star of the
West when it attempted to relieve Fort Sumter.
On the 11th three more States, Missouri, Alabama,
and Florida, passed secession ordinances. On the
19th Georgia followed, on the 26th Louisiana, and
on the Ist of February Texas. On the 4th of
February these seven States met in Secession
Congress at Montgomery, and on the 9th issued
a new provisional constitution for a new indepen-
dent Federation to the civilised
madeworld. andTh droisucguhsi
Through-
out the month futile efforts Were
sions held in Congress all aiming at compromise and
peace. Mr. SEWARD made a very grand caraproL
raise oration on the basis of the 36.30 boundary line,
Thd Senate's Committee, the Border States and the
Virginian Peace Convention, all put forth their
schemes to reconcile parties of whom, as the course
of events soon showed, one was determined to be
an independent State, the other not to consent to
breaking up the Union, or to surrender free soil
to the Slave States. It is noteworthy that, on the
Vth of February, after some vacillation and even
rescinding of former votes, Congress agreed by
a maiority of 133 to 65, " that no amendments of
the constitution should give Congress the power to
abolish. slavery in any state where it existed."
And also, that the iMorrill Tariff, so defiant
of the South and of European nations, passed
almost unopposed through a Congress nearly ex-
purgated of its Southern members.
On the 4th of March the new President en-
-1:""14 " big Office, and delivered his Delphic In-

' augural. It was as pacific as it well could be,
strongly Unionist, proved to demonstration that
secession was unlawyerlike, but unfortunately
wholly overlooked the fact that it had become a
question not for lawyers, bat for soldiers, and that
all his irrefutable reasonings were but so much idle
breath. A kind of lull succeeded, no one seem-
ing to know what to do, at least not in the North.
In the South they knew well enough, as the bat-
teries which were environing Fort Sumpter, and
their civil proceedings also, showed.
But it was in April the whole course of things
was changed. Being apprized that Fort Sumpter
would be relieved by the PRESIDENT, the Carolinians
attacked it on the 11th, and on the 14th the blood-
' less victory was gained which, however, raised the
blood of the North to the boiling point. The record
for April is, indeed, a different one to that for March.
On the 15th we had the PRESIDENT'S proclama-
tion of war, calling out 75,000 militia, followed on
the 17th by JEFFERSON DAVIS' counter proclama-
tion, and proffering letters of marque. On the 19th
LINCOLN retaliated to the threat of privateers by a
proclamation of blockade. Then came the first
bloodshed that by the Baltimore mobs, who killed
some of the militia marching to the defence of the
threatened Capital. On the 19th Harper's Ferry,
the great Government Arsenal and manufactory of
arms, was destroyed by the Federalists to prevent
its falling into the hands of the Virginians, who
were marching on it, and the troops escaped across
the river. The next day the Federalists had
to burn the Gosport Navy Yard, destroying
eleven ships, mounting 606 guns, besides a large
quantity of stores, lest they should fall into their
enemy's hands. While the PRESIDENT, seeing
things becoming more serious, issued his second
proclamation of blockade, and demanded 42,000
three years volunteers, and 18,000 seamen. The
North was in a noisy, marching, arming ferment—a
" sublime uprising," as it was termed by their own
writers—though we must confess that to our Euro-
pean eyes it wanted almost every element of subli-
mity. Its object—a compulsory reunion with
slavery that they might be as territorially great as
ever, has always, to us, appeared the very reverse
of sublime.

May and June were marked by few events of
importance,. In the former month the Montgomery
Congress issued its letters of marque, Virginia
took arms "to resist aggression ;" and joined the
Southern Confederacy ; Western Virginia sepa-
rating from the Eastern part. SEWARD also uttered
his awful warnings to European Powers, and the
Americans were generally very angry that we
should recognise the South as " belligerents."
Early as June, the 3d, poor DOUGLAS died, the man
whose " squatter sovereignty" doctrine had done so
much to nurse the arrogance of slaveholders. In
the same month the Secessionists were obliged to
evacuate Harper's . Ferry, and the Confederates
were defeated by General LYON in Missouri, JACK-
SON, the Governor, being driven away ; and the
Wheeling Convention in Western Virginia choose
the State officers.
July brought forth more important events. The
extraordinary Congress met on the 4th, the anni-
versary of American independence, and the PRE-
SIDENT sent his second message, in which he had
laid it down that the contest was one of world-
wide importance—slavery trivial to it—it was
whether Republicanism could hold its Own—
whetter " Ballots or Bullets" should decide in
civilized communities. At the same time he de-
manded 400,000 men and 400,000,000 dollars, to
which the " sublime" voting of Congress added a
' nundred thousand and a hundred million respec-
tively. Then, in the middle of July, 12th, 13th,
and 14th, came M'CLELLAN'S successes in Western
Virginia, driving the Confederates before him in
first-rate style; while Congress, still in the most
exalted state of patriotism, passed a resolution to
grant " any amount of men and money to suppress
permanently" the rebellion against the Union.
It was the 21st of July, however, which gave to
this kind of patriotism so much of the appearance
of JOHN GILPIN-like boasting. Bull's Run, and
the battle there on that day are not likely soon
to be forgotten. It taught, however, to the North,

,he great lesson which they needed, that they must

[earn to obey as well as to brag, and to convert the

hundreds of thousands of men into soldiers and
an army, if they meant to conquer. Since then
they seem to have been steadily aiming at that
object, and after two months drilling the season
has arrived when the " Grand army of the Poto-
mac," must begin to move if it is to move at all.
What will be the result of movement in Vir-
ginia we cannot even pretend to conjecture. The
North is probably superior in numbers, is cer-
tainly superior in guns and all the materiel of war,
and must, one would think, be thoroughly deter-
mined not to have another Bull's Run. But the

---
South has able commanders, and a number of men

which, behind entrenchments, must be fully equal
to a much larger number attacking them. And if

;he North has a name to regain, the South has a

reputation to sustain' Our information is also, we
imagine, very imperfect as to the real number on

each side. The South were always prudently
silent, and the North has learned the desirable-

nese of following its example. The South have

shown at Springfield, in Missouri, and at Lex-
ington that they are not to be despised, if in

sufficient numbers, though these successes cannot

be compared in importance with that at Cape

Hatteras. The North has two weapons which
the South cannot match, one the navy,

he other abolition of slavery. Anything like

complete reunion of the South to the North

can result only from the employment of both
weapons. Should Northern arms locally prevail,
they can never conquer the immense territory of
the Slave States without having first made to

themselves friends of the slaves—without rooting

out what would be the cause of renewed quarrels

even if a reunion were attempted, and without
creating an identity of civil and social relations

.n the States which should be reunited.

As surely as September and October come round,
so surely we have occasion to record one convivial
meeting after another among our friends the agri-
culturists. And we are never tired of so doing.
The practice is immemorial. The festivities of this
season, in fact, partake of the character of a sacred
rite and obligation. " When ye have gathered in
the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast to the
LORD." There can assuredly be no indecorum
in our thus quoting the words of _Leviticus (ch. xxiii.
v. 39), in reference to anything so ancient as these
same harvest-home merry-makings or feasts of the
ingathering. For, call them how we may, nowa-
days, they are nothing less antique or classical than
assemblies of that precise character. What though
the talk at these autumnal festivities may be of a
nature altogether undreamt of by the Pagan wor-
shippers of Isis or of CERES, no less than
by the Hebrew reapers who brought q a
sheaf of the first fruits of the harvest unto the
priest"—these modern agricultural assemblies of
ours are identically the same in their character,
in their origin, in their tendency, as those dating
back to the remotest times—familiar to every epoch,
every land, and every creed. Anything whatever
that may be said about agricultural chemistry,

about the rotation of crops, about deep drainage,
the subsoil, Baron LIEBIG, steam-ploughing, and
so forth, fails utterly to deprive these convivial
meetings among our agriculturists of those vene-
rable associations that are inseparable from them.
Familiarity cannot possibly bring them into con-
tempt. Use cannot pall their infinite variety. In
themselves they are so homely and so patriarchal
of their kind that they are beyond the reach
of ever being vulgarized. They are always
welcome to us. We always turn to them
with interest. And we always note the more
salient incidents connected with them here and
there throughout the country, with the liveliest and
most unaffected satisfaction.
During several years past, there has been one of
those local festivities that—occurring though it does,
autumn after autumn, in a rather out-of-the-way
corner of these islands, up in the north of Ireland
—has fixed the attention of very many of the pub-
lic at large throughout the United Kingdom by
reason of its assuming to itself, increasingly, a
peculiarly interesting and in some respects excep-
tional character. It is the annual entertainment,
we are here alluding to, given season after season to
her tenantry at Carnlough by FRANCES ANNE the
Marchioness of LONDONDERRY. Who is there that
reads the public journals at all who has not long
since become perfectly familiar with it ? There was
the last of these entertainments, the one given on
Thursday se'nnight, the 26th of this last Septem-
ber—an assembly of which we published the par-
ticulars in The Sun of Monday evening, but to
which we would here revert once more very briefly.
According to the yearly custom of the muni-
ficent entertainer upon these occasions,
Lady LONDONDERRY was there at the en-
tertainment, and towards the close of it
—also according to annual custom—availed
herself of the opportunity to address her tenant-
farmers at once as a great landed proprietress and
as the truest friend of her tenantry. It is only
necessary to read the purport of these earnest, heart-
felt speeches addressed year by year (not with
diminishing interest, but with increasing interest)
to her own people by Lady LONDONDERRY to
appreciate to the full how
,thoroughly the
Marchioness, for one, is conscious of the re-
sponsibilities inalienably associated with the
possession of great wealth. Her ladyship has
earned the right to say as she was enabled
to say, on Thursday week last, at Carnlough—
earning this right by a solid and happy experi-
ence—" I have the vanity to fancy that my lectures
and warnings have been of service, because you well
know that, although my advice is given in all due
humility, yet it is always with a sincere and
anxious desire for your own good." Finding occa-
sion still to deplore the actual state of things yet
visible in several parts of the estate, in regard to
some of the farms, in regard to some of the houses,
and so forth, the owner of the property could
nevertheless congratulate herself and her hearers
upon the fact that progress had been made. In tes-
timony of which it would have been almost sufficient
to have mentioned the one surprising circumstance,
that whereas in 1858 (only three years ago) their
were merely twenty-seven acres of flax, then, in cul-
tivation, that number has been increased now to
one hundred andfifty acres ! Beyond this, however,
Lady LONDONDERRY could say to her tenantry
(with what satisfaction any conscientious landed
proprietor may readily conjecture), " I hear that the
different schools on the estate are prospering and
progressing, and, thanks to the excellent system
and valuable aid of the National Board, there are
good schools •in almost all the townlands,
and it is really your fault if your children

are not properly educated." It is signi

ficant enough, moreover, of the feelings that
prevail, there, between the landlady and the

tenantry—that the Marchioness of LONDONDERRY
found occasion, in the course of her remarks, to
speak thus in regard to a local incident, " You
have expressed gratitude to me for the road I have

lately made through Bally, voddy, and I hope it
will be of great advantage in opening out thai

mountainous district, where it really made my
heart ache to see an industrious set of people
beset with difficulty and almost imprisoned. But

I must do you the justice to say," added Lady
LONDONDERRY, "that you have worked hard,
and given all the aid in your power to forward
this object, and those who do not participate in
the benefits it will confer were not sparing of
their exertion and trouble. This shows the
advantage of a good pull, a strong pull, and a
pull all together, and proves what may be ac-
complished by the tenantry cordially uniting, I
was going to say with the proprietor, but I ought
rather to say with the agent, for he has been
himself early and late superintending this
road "—That is the road through Ballyvoddy, the
recognition of the grievous necessity for which had,
as Lady L')NDONDERRY unaffectedly remarked,
made her heart ache, and the generous construction

of which road had elicited (and no wonder) the
no less unaffected expression of the gratitude of the
tenantry in the immediate locality.
The proceedingsp upon the occasion of this enter-
tainment at Carnlough on Thursday se'nnight

_
were, it will have been observed, rendered addi-
tionally interesting by a brilliant speech addressed

to the assembly by one of the most distinguished
guests of Lady LONDONDERRY—Sir HUGH CAIRNS,
the gifted Solicitor-General in Lord DERBY'S

Government.

Altogether there is abundant evidence, .we
repeat, recognisable at a glance in these annual
festivities at Carnlough, that in one conspicuous
instance amongst us—an instance, however, that,

. -
although very conspicuous, is happily not by any

means isolated—there is a perfect understanding
that wealth carries with it a solemn weight of re-

sponsibility. Yet if it carries with it that solemn

burden of duties to be discharged, it carries with it
also the no less solemn promise of reward—Euge,

bone serve, pia in modico fuisti fidelis, eris potes.

&dem habeas super decem civitates,

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam-
bridge and the Princess Mary return to St. James's Palace
on the 10th inst. from Germany.

Their Highnesses the Princes Constantino and
Marcel Czartoryski have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-
s treet, on their return to Paris and Vienna,

His Excellency the Ambassador of France and
the Countess de Flahault and Miss Elphinstone de Flahault
return to Coventry House on or about the 10th inst. from
Tulliallan, Scotland, where they have been receiving com-
pany.

The Marquis of Clanricarde has taken a resi-
dence in Stratton-street, Piccadilly, for a term of years.

The Earl and Countess of Errol are expected
at their mansion in Grafton-street in a few days from
Slaine4 Castle, Aberdeenshire.

The Countess of Yarborough and Lady Sophia
Pelham have arrived at Manby Hall, Lincolnshire, from a
tour on the continent.

Viscountess Jocelyn leaves Walmer Castle to-
day on a visit to Viscount and Viscountess Palnierston at
Broadlands.

Mr. and Lady Margaret Beaumont are enter.
taining a select party at their seat Bretton Hall, Northum-
berland.

Mr. and Mrs. Kessler have arrived at Fenton's
Hotel from Lancashire.
Mr" Watts Sherman has left Fenton's _Hotel
for Paris.

There is no truth about the Italian Govern-
ment having made any recent representations to the Frenok
Cabinet touching the affairs of Rome,