The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-10 00:00:00

ME CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. heard who the party were. The Mobilians, how- 1 bye to Capt. Adams with sincere regret, and if—
(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) _
se- ever, looked as black as thunder ; nor were they at 1 but I may not utter the wish here. Our barge was
all better pleased when they heard the skipper ask waiting to take us to the Oriental, in which we
FORT PICKENS AND PENSACOLA. , •
if he did not know there was a strict blockade of sailed pleasantly away down the Powhattan to in-
A VISIT TO BOTH CAMPS.
MOBILE, MAY 18. the port. The Powhattan is a paddle steamer of form Captain Porter I had received permission to
2,200 tons and 10 guns, and is known to our service go on shore. Another officer was in his cabin when
I avail myself of the departure of a gentleman
who is going to New York by the shortest route he as the flag ship of Commodore Tatnall, in Chinese I entered—Captain Poore, of the Brooklyn, and ho
waters, when that gallant veteran gave us timely seemed a little surprised when he heard that Cap-
can find to send you the accompanying letters. The
and kindly proof of the truth of his well known ex- fain Adams had given leave to all to go on shore.
mails are stopped ; so are the telegraphs ; and it is
doubtful whether I eau get to New Orleans by water. pression, " Blood is thicker than water." Upon "What, all these editors of Southern newspapers
Of what I saw at Fort Pickens and Pensacola here her spar deck there is a stout, healthy-looking who are with you, Sir ?" I assured him they were
crew, which seems quite able to attend to her ar- nothing of the kind, and after a few kind words I
is an account, written in a very hurried manner,
mament of 10 heavy 10-inch Dahlgren Columbiads, made my adieu, and
-went on board the Diana with
and under very peculiar circumstances.
TUESDAY, MAY 14. and the formidable 11 inches of the same family on my companions.
the forecastle. Her commander, Captain Porter, Hoisting one of our only two table cloths to the
Two New Orleans gentlemen who came overland
though only a Lieutenant commanding, has seen an masthead as a flag of truce, we dropped slowly with
from Pensacola yesterday give such an account of
their miseries from heat, dust, sand, and want of age of active service, both in the navy and in the the tide through the channel that runs parallel to
merchant steam marine service, to which he was one face of Fort Pickens. The wind favoured us
accommodation in the dreary waste through which
they passed for more than 17 hours, that I sought detailed fesix or seven years after the discovery but little, and the falling breeze enabled all on
of California. The party were ushered into the board to inspect deliberately the seemingly artistic
out some other way of goino. there, and at last
heard of a small schooner, called the Diana, which cabin, and Capt. Porter received them with perfect preparations for the threatened attack which frowns
courtesy, heard our names and object, and then and bristles from three miles of forts and batteries
would gladly undertake to run round by sea, if
permitted to enter by the blockading squadton, entered into general conversation, in which the arrayed around the slight indenture opposite.
Mobilians, thawed by his sailorly frankness, gra- Heavy sandbag traverses protect the corners of the
She was neither clean nor neat-looking; her cap- .'
dually joined, as well as they could. Over and over parapets, and seem solid enough to defy the heavy
twin, a tall, wild-haired young man, had more the
again I must acknowledge the exceeding politeness batteries ensconced in earthworks around the Light-
air of a mechanic than of a sailor, but he knew his
and civility with which your.. correspondent. has. house, which to an outside glance seems the most
business well, as the result of the voyage showed. .
been received by the authorities on both sides in formidable point of attack, directed as it is against
His crew consisted of three men and a negro .
this unhappy war, the weaker flank of the fort at its most vulnerable
cook. Three gentlemen of Mobile, who were
anxious to visit General Bragg's campobtained, a
promise agreed to
Though but little beyond the age of 40, Captain angle.
join me, but before I sailed I
Porter has been long enough in tne navy to have A few soldiers and officers upon the ramparts ap-
that they would not violate the character of neu- '
imbibed some of those prejudices which by the pro- peared to be inhaling the freshening breeze which
• fans arestigmatisedas fogyisms. Until the day pre- arose to waft the schooner across the channel, and
ance that they were not in any way engaged in
trals as long as they were with me, and an assur-
vious he had, he told me, felt disposed to condemn enabled her to coast the mainshore, so that all could
or employed by the Confederate States forces,
rifled cannon of a small calibre as " gimcracks," take note of the necklace of bastions, earthworks,
"Surely you will not have Mr. R-- hanged,
but had been rapidly converted to the " Armstrong and columbiads with which Gen. Bragg hopes to
Sir ?" said the Mayor of Mobile to me when I told
faith," by the followingexperiment. He was making throttle his adversary. We passed by Barrancas,
him I could not consent to pass off the gentleman
target practice with his heavy guns at a distance of the nearest point of attack (a mile and a quarter),
to accompany me under false pretences."
in question as a private friend. "No, I shall do
some 2,600 yards. At anything like a moderate the Commander-in-Chief's head-quarters, the bar-
nothing to get Mr. R hanged. It will be his elevation the experiment was unsatisfactory, and racks, and the hospital successively, and as the vessel
own act which causes it, but I will not allow Mr.
while his gunnerst were essaying to harmonise cause approached the landing-pier of the Navy-yard one
ia
and effect, e charge and the elevation, he be- could hear the bustle of the military and the rn—ha-
thought him of a little rifled brass plaything which mers of the artificers, and descry the crimson and
Having concluded our bargain with the skipper at Captain Dahlgren had sent on board a day or two blue trappings of Zouaves, recalling Crimean remi-
a tolerably fair rate, and laid in a stock of stores and
in the
before his departure. To his astonishment the ball, niscences. A train of heavy tumbrils, drawn
evening of Tuesday, Ma 14 with the fla of the a
provisions, the party sailed from Mobile at
ter careering until he thought "it would never by three or four pairs of mules, was the
Confederate States frying; but, as a precautionary , g stopgoing," struck the water 1,000 yards be- first indication of a transport system in
measure, I borrowed from our acting Consul, Mr. -on the target, and established a reputation he had the army of the Confederate States, and the
Magee, a British ensign, which, with a flag of truce vnever believed possible for a howitzer of 61b. calibre high bred chargers mounted by the escorts
would win the favourable consideration of the
carrying a 121 b bolt. He observed that the ancient of these ammunition waggons corroborated the ac-
United States squadron. Our craft, the somewhat walls of Fort M'Rae would not resist this new mis- counts of the wealth and breeding of its volunteer
sile for half an hour. cavalry. The Diana now skirted the Navy-yard,
Dutch build of which gave no great promise of
If it comes to fighting you will hear more of the the neat dwellings of which, and the profusion of
speed, to my surprise and pleasure came up with the
lights of Fort Morgan at 9 o'clock, and we were Powhattan and Captain Porter. He has been re- orange and fig groves in which they are embosomed,
allowed to pass unchallenged through a " swash," peatedly in the harbour and along the enemy's have an aspect of tropical shade and repose, much
as a narrow channel over the bar is called, which, works at night in his boat and knows their position at variance with the stern preparations before us.
despite the absence of beacons and buoys, our skip- thoroughly, and he showed me on his chart the Our skipper let go his anchor at a respectful dis-
per shot through under the guidance of a sounding- various spots marked off whence he can sweep their tance from the quay, evincing a regard for martial
pole, which gave, at various plunges, but few inches works and do them immense mischief. " The Pow- law that contrasted strangely with the impatience
to spare. hattan is old, and if she sinks I can't help it." She of control elsewhere manifested throughout this
The shore is as flat as a pancake—a belt of white is all ready for action ; boarding nettings triced up, land, and almost inspiring the belief that no other
sand, covered with drift logs and timber, and with fieldpieces and howitzers prepared against night rule can ever restore the lost bump of veneration to
a pine forest ; not a house or human habitation of boarding, and the whole of her bows padded inter- American craraology.
any sort to be seen for 40 miles, from Fort 31organ nally, with dead wood and sails, so as to prevent While the master of the Diana was skulling his
to the entrance of the harbour of Pensacola ; cheer- her main deck being raked as she stands stern on leaky punt ashore to convey my letters of introduc-
less, miserable, full of swamps, the haunts of alli- towards theforts. Her crew are as fine a set of men tion to the Commander-in-Chief, I had leisure to
gators, cranes, snakes, and pelicans ; with lagoons, as ever I have seen of late days on board a man-of- survey the long, narrow, low sand belt of island
such as the Perdida, swelling into inland seas; war. They are healthy, well fed, regularly paid, opposite which loses itself in the distance, and dis-
deep buried in pine woods, and known only to wild and can be relied on to do their duty to a man. As appears in the ocean 47 miles from Fort Pickens.
creatures and to the old Filibusters—swarming with far as I could judge, the impression of the officers It is so nearly level with the sea that I could make
mosquitoes. As the Diana rushed along within a was that General Bragg would not be rash enough out the mainyards of the Sabine and the Brooklyn,
quarter of a mile of this grim shore, great fish flew to expose himself to the heavy chastisement which, anchored outside the island within range of the
off from the shallows, and once a shining gleam in their belief, awaits him if he is rash enough to Navy-yard, which is destined to receive immediate
flashed along the waters and winged its way along-
open fire upon Fort Pickens. As Captain Porter is attention whenever the attack shall begin. Pur-
not the senior officer of the fleet he signaled to the suing my reflections upon the morale of the upper
sid© the little craft—a monster shark, which
ploughed through the sea pari passu for some hun-
flag-ship and was desired to send us on board. and nether millstones between which the Diana is
Bred yards leeward of the craft, and distinctly
One more prize has been made this morning—a moored, lam sadly puzzled by the anomalous ethics
visible in the wonderful phosphorescence around
little schooner with a crew of Italians and laden or metaphysics of this singular war, the prepare-
it, and then dashed away with a trail of with vegetables. The master, a Roman of Civita tions for which eery so essentially—it as ere sin to
light seaward, on some errand of voracity, with Vecchia, pretends to be in great trouble, in order to to say ludicrously —from all ancient and modern
squeeze a good price out of the captain for his ' belligerent usages. Here we have an important
tremendous force and vigour. The wretched
Spaniards who came to this ill-named Florida must "tuttifruti e eosi diversi.' The officers assured me fortress, threatened with siege for the last 60 days,
often have cursed their stars. How rejoiced were that all the statements made by the coasting skip- suffering the assailants of the flag it defends to
they when the Government of the United States pers when they return to port from the squadron amass battery upon battery, and string the whole
relieved them from their dominion ! Once during are lies from beginning to end. coast of low hills opposite with every variety of
the night some lights were eeen on shore, as if from A ten-oared barge carried the partyto the United apparatus for its own devastation, without throwing
a camp fire. Tnc skipper proposed to load an old States frigate Sabine, on board of which Flag-Cap- a timely shell to prevent their establishment.
iron carronade and blaze away at them, and one of tarn Adams hoists his pennant. On our way we War has been virtually declared, since letters of
the party actually got out his revolver to fire, but had a fair view of the Brooklyn, whose armament marque and a corresponding blockade admit of no
I objected very strongly to these valorous proceed- of 22 heavy guns is said to be the most formidable other interpretation, and yet but last week two
ings, and, suggesting that they might be friends battery in the American navy. Her anti-type, the Mobile steamers, laden with £50,000 worth of pro-
who were there, and that, friends or foes, they were Sabine, an old-fashioned 50-gun frigate, as rare an visions for the beleaguering camp, were stopped by
sure to return our fire, succeeded in calming the object upon modern seas as an old post; coach the blockading fleet and, though not pornaitt.d to
martial ardour on board the Diana. The fires were is upon modern roads, is reached at last. As one enter this harbour, were allowed to return to Mobile
very probably made by some of the horsemen lately treads her decks, the eyes, accustomed for so many untouched, the commander thinking it quite punish-
sent out by Gen. Bragg to patrol the coast, but the weeks to the outlandish forms of brave but undis- ment enough for the rebels to thus compel them to
skipper said that in all his lifelong experience he ciplined Southern Volunteers, feel en pays de con- return to Mobile, and carry up the Alabama Ricer
hid never seen a human creature or a light on that naissunee when they rest upon the solid mass of 300 to Montgomery this mass of eatables, which would
shore before. The wind was so favourable, and the or 400 quid-rolling, sunburnt, and resolute-looking have to be despatched thence by rail to this place !
Diana so fast, that she would have run into the blue-shirted tars, to whom a three years' cruise has Such practical jokes lend a tinge of innocence to the
midst of the United States squadron off Fort Pickens imparted a family aspect which makes them almost premonitories of this strife which will hardly sur-
had she pursued her course. Therefore, when she as hard to distinguish apart as so many Chinamen. vive the first bloodshed.
was within about 10 miles of the station she hove A believer in the serpent symbol might feel almost The skipper returned from shore with an orderly,
to, and lay off and on for about two hours. Before tempted to regard the log of the Sabine as comprising who brought the needful permission to haul the
dawn the sails were filled, and off she went once the Alpha and Omega of, at least, the last half cen- Diana alongside the wharf, where I landed, and was
more, bowling along merrily, till within the first tury of the American Republic. Her keel was laid conducted by an aide of the Quartermaster-General
blush of day there came in sight Fort M'Rae, Fort shortly after our last war with Brother Jonathan, through the shady streets of this graceful little
Pickens, and the masts of the squadron, just rising ' and so long as the temple of Janus remained closed village, which covers an enclosure of 300 acres, and,
above the blended horizon of low shore and sea. —her size having rendered her unfit to participate with the adjoining forts, cost the United States over
The former, which is on the western shore of the in what is called the Mexican war—she remained £6,000,000 sterling, which may have something to
mainland, is in the hands of the Confederate troops. in the ship-house of the navy-yard which had wit- do with the President's determination to hold a pro-
The latter is just opposite to it, on the extremity of nessed her baptism. In the year 1858 she was sum- party under so heavy an hypothecation. Irish land-
the sandbank called Santa Rosa Island, which for maned from her retirement to officiate as flagship lords, with encumbered estates, have no such simple
45 miles runs in a belt parallel to the shore of of the "Paraguay expedition," and after having con- mode of obtaining an acquittal.
Florida, at a distance varying from 11 to 4 miles. veyed the American Commissioner to Montevideo, The Navy-yard is, properly speaking, a settle-
To make smooth water of it, the schooner made whence he proceeded with a flotilla of steamers and ment of exceedingly neat detached houses, with
several tacks shorewards. In the second of these sloops of war up to Corrientes, and thence in the gardens in front, porticoes, pillars, verandahs, and
tacks the subtle entrance of Perdida Creek is pointed temporary flagship, the steamer Fulton, to Assump- Venetian blinds to aid the dense trees in keeping off
out, which, after several serpentine and re-entering cion, she brought him back to New York in May, the scorching rays of the sun, which is intensely
undulations of channel, one of which is only sepa-
1859, and was then despatched to complete her powerful in the summer, and is now blazing so
cruise as part of the Home Squadron in the Carib- fiercely as to force one to admit the assertion that
rated from the sea for a mile or more by a thin wall
bean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. During the conclud- the average temperature is as high as that of
of sandbank, widens to meet the discharge of a
tolerably spacious inland lake. The Perdida is the ing months of her cruise the political complications Calcutta to be very probable. The little grass plots
dividing line between the states of Alabama and of North and South burst into the present rupture, under these trees are covered with neat piles of
Florida. and the day before our visit one of her lieutenants, cannon balls, mostly of small size ; two obsolete
a North Carolinian, had left her to espouse, as mortars—one dated 1776—are placed in the
and The flagstaff of Fort M'Rae soon becomes
in fainter outline beyond it visible,
nearly all the Southern officers of bothand
army main avenue. Tents are pitched under the trees,
Pick that of Fort
and the houses are all occupied by officers, who are
Pickens and the hulls of the fleet, in which one can navy have done, the cause of his native State.
make out three war steamers,Captain Adams is in a still more painful predica- chatting, smoking, and drinking at the open win-
a frigate, and a sloop
win-
of war, and then the dows. A number of men in semi-military dresses
ment. During his eventful voyage, which tom-
sharp-set
canvas
of a schooner,
the police craft of this beat, of various sorts and side arms are lounging about
bearing down upon us. menced with a six days' experience in the terrible
The skipper, with s
the quays and the lawns before the houses. Into
some uneasiness, announces Bermuda cyclone of November, 1858, he had been a
, the
small schooner that is sail' in one of these I am escorted, and find myself
mg the wind's stranger to the bitter sectional animosities engen-
the " Oriental," and confesses eye as
at a very pleasant mess, of whom the greater
warned to having already dered by the last election ; and had recently joined
been challenged and off by her sentinel the blockade of this port, where he finds a son en- number are officers of the Zouave Corps, from New
master. We promised him immunity s—one, a Dane, has served at Idstedt, Kiel,
for the in the ranks of the C. S. A., and learns that
past and safety for the future, and, Frederichstadt, another foreigner has seen service
easing off two others form part of the Virginia division of
the main sheet, he lays the Diana on her course for :qr. Jefferson Davis's forces. Born in Pennsylva- in South America, another has fought in half the
the fleet. nia, he married in Louisiana,where has 1
h e a p an- insurrectionary wars in Europe. The wine is abun-
Fort M'Rae, one of the obsolete school of fast ration and the remai • nder of his family, and he dant, the fare good, the laughter and talk are loud.
nesses, rounds up on our left. Beyond it, on the smiles grimly
shore, is Barrancas, a square-faced work, halt a mile the playful message from his daughter,who has been accompanied by Mrs. Davis, Mr. Malony, and Mr.
further up the channel, and more immediately elected vivandiere of aNew Orleans regiment, " that Wigfall, and they all think his presence means im-
she
Lacing Fort Pickens. A thick wood crowns the low trusts he may be starved •
while blockading the mediate action.
shore which trends away to the eastward, but amid South, and that she intends to h
pus on to Washing- The only ship here is the shell of the old Fulton,
the sand the glass can trace the outlines of batteries.
• ton and get a lock of Old Abe's hai " •
hair "—a Sioux lady which is on the stocks, but the works of the Navy-
Pretty-looking detached houses line the beach ; would have said his scalp.
yard are useful in casting shot, shell, and preparing
The veteran sailor's
some loftier edifices gather close up to the shelter , sad story demand deep
s sym- munitions of war. An aide-de-camp from General
of a tall chimney which is vomiting out clouds of patny. I, however, cannot help e ' •
njoying at least Bragg entered as we were sitting at table, and in-
... the variety of hearing a little ofth
smoke, and a few masts and spars checker the white
is now nearly six weeks since I e alters pars. It vited me to attend him to the General's quarters,
entered
fronts of the large buildings and sheds, which, with
Land," d •which - i
during perm,. I must confess I hate ~
" Dixie's The road, as I found, was very long and very (Ils-
e big shears, indicate the position of the navy-yard
had a suffi •of
sufficiency the music and drums, aarceable, owing to the depth of the sand, into
of Warrington, commonly called that of Pensacola, ~ .
and the t '
cavaiiering
the which the foot sank at every step up to the ankle.
gal- Passing along the front of an extended row of the
although the place of that name lies several miles
lants. As an impartial observer, I may say I find '
up the creek. Fort alaßtie seems to have sunk at
less bitterness and denunciation, but quite as _ d clean, airy, pretty villas inside the Navy-yard, we
the foundationsdogged passed the gate on exhibiting our passes, and pro-
mates are c
y the sea beach, one side of which is lined
cracked, and the water face is poor-look-
perience, or at least observation of the gunpowder with houses, a
big. Fort Pickens,few on the contrary, is a solid, • thatattack is
has taught us always a are all occupied by troops,
substantial-100l • sing work, and reminds one some- argument,
office than defence, and, if we arc to or magazines. At - or are used as bar-rooms
thing of Fort Paul more grateful intervals a few guns have been
at Sebastopol, as seen from the
iudge of the sturdy resolution of the inmates of placed along the beach, covered b
sea, except that it has only one •
y sand-ba.s, para- 1
tier of casemates -
' Fort Pickens by the looks of the officers and crews pets, and traverses. As we toiledalong ' b
and is not so high. As the Oriental
roaches,
will fall no easy prize, if the aide hailed a cart, pressed it '
the Diana throws her foresail aback, a"
of the fleet, Fort Pickens
into the service,
little craft, with a full-sized United
andst the pretty .. and we continued our journe l •
3' less painfully. Sma-
ll • ates ensign at a"' denly a tall, straight-backed m •
ying, and the muzzle of a brass howitzer • After some conversation with Captain Adams, an in a blue frock-
over peeping
of his cabin, he said coat, with a star on the epaulette
over her forecastle, ranges up lull, andthe rap, a smart
and taking an
easy
finally he -letake himself to permit me and kepi, and frowners with gold stripe,
sweep lies to alongside us. A boat is lowered won on and large brass
spurs, rode past on a hi h-ste •
from her and is soon I '•
g aping
a ongside, steered by an oft the party to land at the Navr-yard and to visit the powerful
cer ; her crew are
charger, followed by an orderly. " There's General
armed to the teeth with pistols and enemy's quarters, relyin a on my character as a
cutlasses. " Ah, I think I have seen you before. neutral and a subject of Great Britain that no im- Bragg," said his aide.
The General turned - round,
What schooner is this ?" "The
Mobile." The officer steps on deck chariot. The commander of the Confederated
and announces in giving that leave he he said ell aware
we
that was, ,
himself as Mr. Brown, Master in the United States Army at Pensacola is about 42 years of age,
States he was laying himself open to attack, but he navy, in charge of the
of a spare and powerful frame; his face is dark, and
boarding vessel Oriental, acted on his own judgment and responsibility. We
The crew secure their boat andstep must, homarked with deep lines, his mouth large, and
up after him. waver, hoist a flaa of truce, as he had The skipper, looking very sulky, hands his been
s papers informed by Gen. Bragg
that he considered squarely set in determined jaws, and his eyes,
to the officer. "Now, sir, make sail, and lie to the intimation he
had received from the fleet of the sagacio ,us penetrating, and not by any means un-
under the quarter of that steamer, the guar • blockade
rdship of the port was a declaration of war, and kindly, look out at you from beetle brows which
Powhattan."
that he would fire of
on any vessel from the fleet run straight across and spring into a thick tuft
Mr. Brown was exceedingly courteous when he which a
w
pproached his coraraand. I bade good- black hair, which is thickest over the nose, here

naturally it usually leaves m intervening space,
His hair is dark, and be wears such regulation
whiskers as were the delight of our generals a few
years ago. His marner his quick and frank, and
his smile is very /leasing and agreeable. The
General would not har of my continuing my jour-
ney to his quarters in a cart, and his orderly
brought up an ambdance, drawn by a smart pair
of mules, in which Lompleted it satisfactorily.
The end of the joahey through the sandy plain
was at hand, for in m enclosure of a high wall there
stood a well-shaded nansion, amid trees of live oak
and sycamore, with entries at the gate and horses
held by orderlies undr the portico. General Bragg
received me at the to? of the steps which lead to the
verandah, and, after t few earnest and complimen-
tary words, conduced me to his office, where he
spoke of the contest n which he was to play so im-
portant a part in terns of unaffected earnestness.
Why else had he lefthis estates ? After the Mexi-
can war he had reared from the United States
Artillery ; but when his State was menaced he was
obliged to defend he'. He was satisfied the North
meant nothing but subjugation. All he wanted was
peace. Slavery was at institution for which he was
not responsible, but Lis property was guaranteed to
him by law, and it consisted of slaves. Why did
the enemy take off shves from Tortugas to work for
them at Pickens ? Because whites could not do their
work. It was quite impossible to deny his earnest-
ness, sincerity, and zeal as he spoke, and one could
only wonder at the difference made by the "stand
point" from which the question is reviewed. Gen.
Bragg finally before we supped took down his plans
and showed me the position of every gun in his
works and all his batteries. He showed the greatest
clearness of unreserved openness in his communica-
tions, and was anxious to point out that he had
much greater difficulties to contend with than Gen.
Beauregard had at Charleston. The inside of
Pickens is well-known to him, as he was stationed
there the very first tour of duty which he had after
he left West Point. It was late at night when I re-
turned on one of the General's horses towards the
Navy-yard. The orderly who accompanied me was,
he said, a Mississippi planter, but he had left his
wife and family to the care of the negroes, had
turned up all his cotton land and replanted it with
corn, and had come off to the wars. Once only were
we challenged, and I was only required to show my
pass as I was getting on board the schooner. Be-
fore I left General Bragg he was good enough to
say he would send down one of his aides-de-camp
and horses early in the morning to give me a look
at the works.

COUNT CAVOUR'S DEATH.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)

TURIN, JUNE 6.
Consummatunz est. Count Cavour died this
morning at 7 o'clock. It was understood yesterday
that the night would be critical, and the issue of
the crisis was scarcely doubtful, as the sufferer had
not rallied in the morning, as had been the case
with him in the previous days. All power of reac-
tion had left Em, and the new attack of fever was
sure to find him powerless.
The Romans, it is said, crowned on the Capitol
the physician who rid them of Pope Adrian VI.
The Italians of our own days would honestly hang
Count Cavour's doctors if the execution would afford
any relief to their feelings. There never was a clearer
case of a man murdered by his medical attendants.
Within a very short period of five days they at-
tempted to cure the count of four or more different
complaints—congestion of the brain, typhus fever,
intermittent pernicious fever, brain fever, dropsy,
and lastly gout ; and for all these diseases they
could think of nothing but their own sovereign
remedy—the lancet. I think these excellent prac-
titioners are worthy to send down their names to
posterity. They were Dr. Rossi, Dr. Mattoni, and
towards the end the King's physician, Riberi, the
same in whose hands the mother, wife, and brother
of Victor Emmanuel expired, one by one, in the
early months of the fatal year 1855. Dr. Tommasi,
who was summoned from Pavia by Cavour's friends,
was not admitted to consultation.
The excitement of the Turin population, when
they became aware of the Prime Minister's danger,
rose almost to a frantic pitch. The whole day yes-
terday, and more especially towards evening, till
late in the night, the gateway and courtyard of
the Cavour Palace, the street, and all the adjoining
avenues were strongly beset with eager faces, eager
and silent, hardly imparting their fears to each
other in an under-whisper. Had death been a
visible, tangible enemy, you would have said the
sullen, dogged expression of those countenances
conveyed a firm, desperate resolution to grapple
with him.
Notwithstanding frequent fits of delirium, Count
Cavour seemed to have a distinct presentiment of
his fate. Seeing himself alone with his domestic
attendants yesterday, he asked with great serenity
,‘ whether his doctors had forsaken him ?" On
being answered, with surprise and concern, that
they could never have thought of leaving him fora
moment, he replied with a smile, "Dontattina, gli
mabobrarnocwlonmeroorni
ion"
g,c)" It is I
The Ring
shall
o paid repeated
quit the
visits
t o -
to the builder of the exalted fortunes of his dynasty.
The Home Minister, Minghetti, applied for a final
interview with the leader of Italian politics,
but was kept back by the Count's physicians.
Farini was with him to the last moment. The dying
man sho wed great strength and composure through-
out his agony. There was apparently no intense
suffering; at least, no utterance of it. He talked
with great volubility, and even with his wonted
humour, both in moments of mental alienation and
in lucid intervals. Not one word escaped him
throughout that betrayed the least feeling of re-
sentment or animosity against any man living or
dead. If this busy, scheming mind had no leisure
for very expan§ive friendship or tender affection, it
was, however, too loftily raised above the sphere of
human passion to harbour any recollection of injury
or insult. Generosity was an instinct with him,
and cost him no Effort. For the rest, his aims were
great, and he gave himself no excessive concern for
the sacrifices with which they might be attained.
He valued faithful and able servants ; he knew how
to choose, and how to turn them to good purpose.
But he thought, perhaps, their services were their
best reward. He had many who loved him. I
know no one who could boast of having enjoyed
Cavour's friendship, lie stood alone in his great
ness.

He talked a good deal about politics, and to the
fast minute he expressed a firm faith in the acct;_

flies of his country. He advised patience and per-
severance. He said, "We shall get on to the end'
(andremo avanti sine ally fine). He spoke of Cialdini
Menabrea, Cugia—of armies on the Po and Alincio.
He turned the conversation on almost trivial sub-
jects—the crops, the silkworms. Heaven bless his

glorious memory ! For him politics was no more
than agriculture, trade, or industry. It was a
sphere of activity he looked for—work for his rest-
less spirit, for his colossal faculties, for his un-
daunted energies. In early youth he was an ardent
student ; in his prime of manhood a deep specula-
tor ; in mature age an earnest, eager statesman.
By turns he stored his mind, he enriched his family,
he made his country. Foresight and steadiness
chained fortune to his chariot; he met with no fail-
ure. He loved politics for exertion's sake. Power
had become a necessity for him ; he pined and
fretted at Leri, in 1859, during those few months
of comparative inaction ; he would have died of
weariness if, upon the Roman and Venetian ques-
tion being solved, prudence had suggested a retire-
ment under the shade of his laurels.

No man in this world, and the greatest least of
all, know precisely the juncture at which it is good
for them to die. What loss the death of this great
man has inflicted upon Italy corning events will
soon tell us. But fur Cavour himself it is difficult
to say whether he could depart this life at a moment
more auspicious to his fame. Really great statesmen,
born to weather great national crises, have never
been long-lived, and a man's death may be as fruit-
ful of good to his generation as his life. I see a
proud, noble spirit, rising around me among these
brave Italian patriots, stunned as they are by the
suddenness of their dire calamity; a manly resolu-
tion not to be borne down even by this irreparable
stroke of adversity. Cayour's imperious, stubborn