The Sun.
London, England, 1857-08-18 00:00:00

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THE INDIAN TELEGRAITLI,V
•
(Front the .) ‘c.\l•4;
Our correspondent fr,:m 0191..iia in ye,terd,..3oB
paper asks, " Why is it !hitt:Ny-4 are so far train- -
home 1 Why have we 9,000\1P.
land and her Eastern clorninionakiatravOlSed kiy.
telegraph ?" Lord Palmerston forestallqt onTri_ •
day night this cry from the Antipodes. We are t'.)
have at last au Indian Telegraph. After the Pre_
mier's remarks in the house cn Friday night, we
may consider the Government pledged to this woik
Out of the chaotic dross of Friday night's debate
in which all - 4 vere asked ou
of time and
placer Liu g in the four
guar era of the globe, we extract with pleasure thiA
sparkling ore. It is, indeed, a brilliant gem. Lcrd,
Palmerston excepted the Indian Telegraph pr()ject
from the g.,..neral rule which refuses Government
assistance to mainly narrcintile projects,—" it
stood in a somewhat different light." Government
would Le ready to risy for the IPC of a telegraphic
line ei her by the Valley of the 'Euphrates or t'api
Red Sea. His expectations, however Were on the
side of the Euphrates Valley Pir., which "he be-
lieved w(,u1,1 succeed." Both these projected lines
start alike from Alexandria and end at Kurra3be.,
and only differ in the mode of crossing the interven-
ing ground. Mr. Crawford prereireti the litre by,
he Bed S .a. By one roue or a,no.her, ho we v'sr,
it seems, we are to have now an E!ee'ric Telegraph.
to India.

RICIT, 4D. STAMPED 51` si

a mode as may best suit their means, and are
not brought together by a regimental mess.
In the French army promotion is gained partly by
seniority and partly by selection, until the officer
has reached the rank of chef de bataillon : above
this rank all further promotion is by selection.
Selection is governed by the follow ng regulations
—lnspectors general are appointed for every br tnch
of the service ; they are specially named for thiin
ditty, and are not the officers who command the
district. These inspectors receive a printed form
of instruction before they commence their annual
tour of inspection. When an insrec' or-general bas
respected a regiment, the commanding officer of the
regiment presents to him a )i-t of et'l>ers for pro
motion ;. the inspector-general nines these
officers, and selects those wlree . re most
fit ;he then prepares a c nfidentee Tort, and
transmits it to the Minister of War. When all the
iuspeetions are finished, the inspectors meet in com-
mittee, review the names in these several reports,
and from amongst them prepare a list for the mini-
ster. The minister promotes them in rotation, or
not, as be thinks best. In connexion with this
system, it must be observed that, accor iiug to the
rules of the service, retirement is compulsory. An
exception is made in favour of general officers at
the discretion of the' executive. A colonel must
retire at 60 years of age ; a lieutenant colonel at
58 ; a captain at 53 ; and a lieutenant at 52. If
an officer retire before he has served for a period of
thirty years, he is not entit'ed to any retiring pen-
sion ; and there is no system of half-pay, such as
exists in the British army. The sums granted to
officers, fur retiring pensions, after 30 years' service,
are—To a lieutenant-general, 4,000 f. a-year ' • to a
major-general, 3,000 f. do. ; to a colonel, 2,400 f.
do. ; to a lieutenant-colonel, I,Boof. do. ; to a chef
de bataillon, 1,500 f. do. ; to a captain, 1,200 F. do.
to a lieutenant, 800 f. do. Additional payments are
allowed to those who have been wounded in the
service, and those who are made members of the
Legion of Honour, who receive amounts varying
from 250 t 02,000 francs a year. The amount of
the pension offers no
,inducement for an officer to
retire ; and it is admitted that a large proportion
of the ctpteins and lieutenants in the French
army are men advanced in years, who continue in
the service until they reach the age when retirement
is enforc2d by-the regulations. Officers who have
be n promoted from the r tnks are left in a similar
position, since their education can seldom qualify
them for further advancement in competition with
others who have been instructed at the military
coliege. The principle of selection enables. the exe-
cutive government to secure able and energetic men
for the higher ranks, and for the command of regi-
ments. It should, moreover, be remembered that,
during the existence of this military system, Algeria
has afforded a wide field wherein to test the quali-
fications of officers. We have referred to the regu-
lations of the French army, because they appear to
have been adopted as the basis of military organisa-
tion in other states, and, indeed, if it should be de-
cided to aboish the system of purchase in the Bri-
tish army, it will be found indispensable to intro-
duce the two principles which give vigour to the
French service, namely, promotioa by selection, and
compulsory retirement.
A scheme for the abolition of purchase and for
the substitution of another system of army promo-
tion and retirement has been submitted to our con-
sideration by Sir C. Trevelyan, Assistant-Secretary
of the Treisury. This scheme will be found in the
appendix, together with the financial statements
adduced in its support. The evidence of Sir C.
Trevelyan furnishes explanations of his plan. The
general principle of this scheme is borrowed from
the French military system, qualified, however, by
the adoption of regulations which have of late years
been partially introduced into our own civil ser-
vice. The first commission in the army Sir C.
Travelyan recommends should be obtained by a
competitive examination bet wean candidates nomi-
nated by the Commander-in-Chief. The successful
candidate is then to go through a course of profes-
sional training at a military college for a period of
two years. His education at this establishment is
not to be assisted by any pecuniary contribution
from the state, and the advantage now given at
Sandhurst to the sons of old officers is to be dis-
continued. The young man having passed the
college, is to enter the army without further exami-
nation until he reaches the rank of captain. Pro-
motion up to the rank of captain is to be two-thirds
by seniority and one-third by selection. Captains
and all higher ranks are to lee appointed by selec-
tion. A system of examination for the captaincy
is to be provided, which will give the means to
those who have risen from the ranks, of competing
with officers who have had the advantage of a pro-
fessional education. The cpmparativei merits of
officers and their fitness for promotion are to be
ascertained by a system of inspection with report,
similar to that which prevails in the French army.
The rank of major is to be abolished, and the pro-
motion above the rank of captain is no longer to be
regimental. Retirement is to be based upon a
mixed system of voluntary and compulsory retire-
ment, according to' a principle proposed by the
Civil Service Superannuation Commissioners. The
staff is to be a separate corps, as in the French ser-
vice. All exchanges from one regiment to another
are to be forbidden.
Such is the general outline of the plan recom-
mended by Sic C. Trevelyan. He has also placed
before us a financial statement, from which it ap-
pears that in the future pay of the regimental offi-
cers he proposes an increase of 118,7891. yearly,
with a reduction of 56,4491. in the allowances now
granted. In the establishment of general officers
he proposes a reduction. The recapitulation of his
whole scheme exhibits an increase in the charge for
effective services of 31,612/. ; while for the non-
effective services, by reducing the amount of
widows' pensions, and the amount of htlf-pay, and
by omitting altogether the rewards for military
service, the charge is reduced by 113,478/. Upon
the whole stat -nent, therefore, as given by Sir C.
Trevelyan, there is an estimated decrease of expen-
diture of 81,866'.
[To be-continued.]

We need not say—because everybody will im-
mediately see—that this will be greatest change iu
our relations with India that has taken place Kincl
our possession of the Empire. We cannot calculate
its effects. When we think of• it the present is for..
gotten. Even the troubled present with which we
are dealing is flung aside, as the merest temporary
affair. Even Indian mutinies are not thought very
much of as we look for ward into this future. Scienca
is more than liberal, she is prodtal in her assist-
ance to us. It seems really as if it did not signify
what difficulty we were in ; that she would get up
out of it. No difficulty iii too great for her. It
appears as if we could really afford to get into
act apes, the resources of escape, repair, and reno-
vation, are so exuberant ; so that at the very bot-.
torn of an adverse emergency, in the very depth •if
the crisis, and when our Indian reputation is for the
moment prostrate, we inaugurate a new era for
India, in which our hold over her will be ten times
tighter than ever and in which that gLnpire will be
more in the relation of Ireland, or we might almost
say an English county, to us than that of a distant
continent. Fortes fortuna juvat ;—if strength of
will does its part, the chance discovery comes in
and duet the rest for us.

Here is an instance :—One great engine for the
government of India has given way. People are
saying that we must consider the further use
of it as hopeless ; -that we must throw it aside and -
look out for another ; that 'the large native army
must be wholly superseded for a smaller European
one. On the other hand, it is said that it will never
do to govern India entirely by an English army •
that it would be the worst confession for us to make,
and a complete departure from the ground we have
all along taken—viz., that we were naturalized
rulers of India, like the reigning races and dynas-
ties that preceded us, governing India not as suc-
cessful invaders, but as its adopted guardians. On
this latter idea it would be as absurd for us to
exclude natives from our army in India as it would
have been for our Norman Kings to exclude
Saxons ; bemuse we are no longer foreigners in
India, however we may have been once, but
possess a union of interests with the natives, as
fellow-subjects alike of the Queen, sharing the same
institutions and enjoying the same liberty. Some
may say this is more a theory than a fact, but it
must be admitted that this profession has gone on
now so long that it would he awkward for us to
depart from it and govern India like invaders. What
you ;want, then, is to keep your Native Army, but
to have a tighter hold of it. You want such a
connexion with home as would being the Home
Government into a very close contact with.. the
Sepoy, so that it will cease to be a vague and distant
Power to h'm. But this is exactly what this elect r
telegraph does. The sepoy will know that every-
thing he does will be known immediately in Eng-
land. Ho will feel England clos3 to him every
hour of the day. Ha will never be able to get out
of tie mysterious proximity, which will sit on him
like a nightmare the instant he tries to rebel against
it, and strangle the plot bef ire it is born.
But the electric t legreph will do mere than its
own task ; it will infallibly thing on a quicker
military transit to India—the passage by the Alex-
andrian Railroad and Suez. With the rapidity
of the news from India we shall not be able to
tolerate the present slow sea passage of troops to
India. The freshness of the news will give a spur to
action, and the nearer we are to the spot in know-
ledge the quicker we shalt wish to get there in
person. The truth is, the electric telegraph will
have a tantalising effect at first unt 1 we have got
accustomed to the new measurement—the new re-
lation. of news from India to the journey to India.
The instant we hear from India of a great mutiny
or war by electric telegraph we shall wish fur an
etee'ric telegraph to send troops to India to by; but
as this is not-within the resoureee of science, we
must - be content with the Alexandrian route
as the next best transit. Bet, if this will
tbea appear, as it certainly will do, exceed-
ingly slow, the old sea passage will be intolerable.
At any rate, then, the electric telegraph must be
followed by the Alexandrian route, otherwise we
shall only gain six weeks nut of five mouths in our
equipment and transmission of troops on any such
emergency as the present to India. This, of
course, will be worth gaining, but it will not be
a miraculous change: AALI on, however, the gain
of another six weetis in the trans t of troops, and
you reduce five months to a little more than two
months, as the whole time which is necessary be-
tween the very first outbreak of such a mutiny in
India and its repression by troops from England.
Consider, then, the immense difference.that this
will make to the mind of the Sepoy. This present
mutiny broke out on the 10th of May la 4, the
news of it reached this country on the 27th of
June, . reinforcements fur putting it down lett
at the end of July, and will arrive in India about
the beginning of November. That is at present
the interval between a military outbreak and its
effective punishment,—th i distance between the
middle of May and November. But with the
E'ectric Telegraph and the route by Alexandria
Buell a mutiny would have been suppressed by
the middle or end of last mouth by troops tha
left this country after the news of the events.
Such a new machinery, however, we need not
say, will act by way of prevention rather than of
cure. The Indian Sepoy will not mutiny when
he knows that punishment will follow so certainly
and so immediately. He will feel himself under
a new power. The übiquity
,of England will fir
his imagination and subdue his murmurs ; it will
stand by his bedside, at his table, and at his hut-
door ; and we shall have to thank science for in-
venting a new hold over the Sepoy just at the time
when it was so sadly wanted.

THE FASTEST CLIPPER-SHIP IN THE

- -
Last (Sunday) night Messrs, James Baines and Co.'s
celebrated " B'ack Ball" clipper ship Lightning was to
sail from the Mer-ey to the Thames, having been en-
gaged by the Esst India Company to embark tro .ps at
Gravesend for the East, The lightning will be towed
round to Gravesend by the powerful steam tug Resolute.
0 wing to the sensation created by the sister ships of the
Lightning, the James Baines and the Champion of the
Seae, which were inspected and so highly euloiised by
the Queen and Court at Portsmouth, Messrs. James
Baines and Co. have been induced to place the Light-
ning on public view at Gravesend for a few days. The
Lightning will doubtlessly be visited by crowds of people,
and it has been determined to charge ls. admission, the
receipts being given to the wives and families of the sol-
diers who will sail in her. In order to give our readers
an idea of the size of the Lightning, and of the une-
qualled "run," she has made, we subjoin the following
particulars from the Lightning Gazette, which was printed
and published on board during her voyage from Liver-
po )1 to Melbourne and back, between February and
July in the present year:—
" The Lightning is 2,003 tons register, and 3,500 tons
burthen. Her extreme length is 243 feet ; breadth, 41 feet;
depth of hold, 23 feet. To the top of her mizanmast, 551
feet ; to the top of her mainmast, 71 feet ; to the mizen
truck (at the very summit of the mast), 115 feet ; to the
main truck, 161 feat; to the fore truck, 151 feet. The
greatest run she has ever made in 24 hours, by observation,
was oa the 27th February, 1855, and amounted to 390
knots, or 455 statute miles, being an average of 161 knots,
or 19 miles per hour, during the whole day. At the same
time, in 8 consecutive days, she ran 2,158 knots. During
her last voyage, in 7 consecutive days, from 28th June to
4th July, 1856, she ran, by observation, 2,188 knots, or
2,553 statute miles, being an average, during the week, of.
13 knots, or rather more than 15 statute miles plecnrohtosuro;
and in the 25 days of the voyage she ran 6,
8,118 statute mites (1,000 miles more than
antswi3ce the ;dis-
tance from Liverpool to New York), being.average of
11:1 knots, or 131 statute miles, during the whole
sthimi;:s.
We believe the records of the performance
Liver-
show no parallel to this. Her shorte_st6psasdsaagyes frioorphoLuilv.se-r_-
. pool to Melbourne was her last onwe
n GO days."—Liverpool
made, and was passage home
i as the first she ever
and her quickest
accomplished
Albion.

THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS ON THE CIR-
CUITS.—The publication of the report of the commis.
Fioneri on the number of the judges and the re-arrange
went of the circuits hal just been circulated. The re-
port expresses a decided opinion against lessening the
number of the judges. With regard to the circuits, it
recommends an assize for Manchester, and, as the circuit
is said to be too long', that York shall be taken from it
and added to the Midland circuit ; that, as a kind of
compensation, Warwick shall be taken from theH Mid-
land and added to the Oxford Circuit ;
and that ere-
ford and Sr,rewsbnry shall be taken for the like reason
from the Oxford and added to the Welsh circuits. The
report also recommends a consolidation of the assizes of
same of the smaller Welsh counties to save time and ex-
pense by converting the two Welsh circuits into one.
The report then recommends al third
hcivil assize for
Yorkshire, Liverpool, and Bristo , to eheld at the same
time as the winter gaol deliveries for these places. It
the country at large is concerned,t
for
rnisi
at
ohnfech.y onlysotrekr
also recommends that the long vacation should cease on
the 14 of October, after which time and before Michael.
time Term Nisi Prius sittings may be held in London.
So far as
changes therefore recommended by the report are an ad-
adnitr
Livery
ewrpintoelr,
andcivil a
na
additionala t tbe largea s
..,,
and Bristol.
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6 Du Barry's Revalcuta Arabica rpod• '

ooLivEurooL, Monday.,
THE TRADE OF LIoVIERF
L.—
Entry, published this morning,
The Customs 13_
gives a return ofiltlhe number and tonnage of the ships
that have entered inwards from and cleared outwards for
foreign
ports in the week ending the 15th Aug., 1857, as
was the corresponding year 1856. It appears that
Teurlilnc, the last week 94 ships of an aggregate tonnage
of 50,190 tons entered inwards, against 145 ships, 79,294
tons in 1856, being a decrease of 51 in the number of
ships, and a decrease of 29,014 tons in the tonnage ; the
number of clearances outwards during the week, 1:9
ships, of a tonnage of 55,788 tons, against 94 ships and
49,422 tons in 1856, being an increase of 25 ship-i and a
decrease of 6,366 tons. The total number of ships re-
ported inwards from foreign ports during the present
year up to the 15th Aug. was 2,787, with a tonnage of
1,507,453 tons, against 2,732, and 1,566,636 tons in the
year 1856, showing an increase of 55 ships and a de-
crease of 59,183 tons. The total number of ships claearte:
outwards for foreign ports during the present.y_e_3r ,712
to the 15th Aug. was 3,263 with a tonnage ei 1,"2
tons, against 3,013 ships, and 1.597,471 tonsie
year 1856, showing an increase of 250 ships and 56,241 e
tons.