The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-17 00:00:00

CND, SPAPER
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The followi an extract of a ,P 4
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lermo, Oct. .—" The rejoicings
celebrated on the 4th of July the ti thd of no S
victory of :Solferino filled the police with
alarm, and from that day we - have lived in
the midst of arrests, transportations, domiciliary
visits, and severities of every description. Sines
the end of September, however, the violence and
suspicions of the Government have become a perfect
frenzy. It would be impossible for me to enume-
rate the names of all those who have been im-
prisoned or persecuted within the last three weeks,
or are at this moment fugitives or in concealment.
It seems now an established rule with the police
that, when a person is sought for or not forth-
coming, his whole family aro to be imprisoned,
without reference to age, sex, or state of health.
Those arrests are effecte with much brutality. A
little girl of 12 years old, belonging to the Cr:stina .
family, was seriously wounded by a pistol shot to
make her desist from crying. The wife of Bodala-
menti was dealt with in the same manner for the
same offence, and now lies in great danger. A poo
woman was suckling her infant. when her house
was suddenly invaded by the gcnsdarmes, who tore
the child from her, and threatened it should die of
hunger unless she revealed where her husband had
concealed himself. Ido not stop to tell you of the
cruel tortures inflicted on the prisoners to make
them confess crimes of which they are often inno-
cent; nor of the domineering insolence of the
troops. Everything betrays a desire to provoke
an insurrectionary movement, which, with every
conceivable advantage of numbers; arms and forti-
fications, the Neapolitans think it will prove easy. to
suffocate in blood. The director and commissaries
of police, as if in momentary apprehension of being
attacked, no longer sleep in their houses, and large
bodies of military are often encamped for nights
together in the streets and squares flanked by ar-
tillery. Indeed, our actual condition has become
so terrible and insupportable that, despair will pre-
cipitate us into some fearful enterprise. An indi-
cation of this can too surely be traced in recent
events, events which you must abaerve did not pro-
cede but, followed the iniquitous violence of the
police. On the night of the 11th inst. a handful of
men presented themselves at the village of Villa-
bate, about four miles from Palermo, and endea-
voured to disarm the Guarda Urbana, a sort of
auxiliary to the police there stationed. After a
skirmish, in which. gendarmes and troops took a
share they succeeded in retiring to the mountains,
leaving only one of their number mortally wounded.
Next day, the 12th, a proclamation appeared from
the Lieutenant-General of the garrison, giving his
own version of this affray as solely attributable to
a gang of thieves and disturbers of public order; at
the same time he intimated to all good citizens that
they must give up the firearms and other weapons
which the Government had hitherto authorised
them to keep. Observe here the contradiction. A
favoured few, considered even by the Government
orderly and respectable citizens, had enjoyed, by
special permission, the privilege of possessing a fow-
ling-piece or a hunting-knife, yet now, while in-
formed thatimiblic safety is in danger, they are
deprived of every means of protecting their persons
or property, even in the remotest country. districts.
The whole island is now agitated by anxiety forthe
fate of those bravo spirits who, inpelled by the de-
sire of rescuing their country, have rushed headlong
into danger. It is rumoured that they are strength-
ening themselves in the mountains and that num-
bers are flocking to their standard ; but the
Government maintains an impenetrable silence, and
all is mere conjecture. Meanwhile suspicion, appre-
hension, hope, and fear are universal, none knowing
what a day may bring forth. Yet, happen what
may, it is surely impossible that Europe will allow
such a state of things to continue, which is a foul
blot on the boasted civilisation of the 19th century.
Men speak of Venice, of Rome, of the Duchies. Are
Naples and Sicilly less important? Are our wrongs
less flagrant ? Are not the 9,000,000 which form
the population of the Two Sicilies to occupy the
attention of the Congress equally with their
brethren in Northern and Central Italy, or humanity,
reason, intelligence to find their boundary at the
Tronto ? We aro told that the votes of the people
aro to have duo weight; have not we Sicilians
sufficiently expressed ours ? Did we not give a
sufficient testimony of our earnestness in 1848, in
1850, in 1856 ? We cannot believe that England,
the only really free country in the world, will not,
after the declarations of her Ministers, insist that
Sicily shall participate in the benefits which the
forthcoming Congress will ensure for the Italian
peninsula. If its deliberations are to close the era
of Italian revolutions, the sufferings and the claims
of Sicily must no longer be overlooked.

STATISTICS OF BRAZIL.
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Brazil bids fair to be the greatest empire of the
transatlantic world. We are officially apprised
that at the last date of the returns (included be-
tween the years 1855 and 1857) the area of Brazil
was 3,100,104 English square miles, and 'the popu-
lation (of 20 provinces) equal to 7,677,800 souls.
The number of schools or colleges was 2,548, inclu-
ding 1,571 public schools of " primary" education,
as it is termed, and 308 lyceums, or "secondary"
establishments. The number of scholars was b 8,767,
including 61,620 at the primary public academies,
and 5,000 at the lyceums. 17,797 scholars studied in
private schools of primary instruction, and 4,279 in
secondary schools. The total number of convicted
criminals in each year averages some 1,300, out of
an average of 2,500 tried. The proportion of male
and female criminals is somewhat startling ; the
men average about 2,400, and the women only 150
a-year (of the criminals tried). The great majority
of criminals are between 21 and 40 years of age ;
juvenile crime is, happily, rare. Rebellion and se-
dition, as offences, appear to be at a discount in
Brazil, as in England, seeing that there was only
one solitary sedition-monger tried in 1857, and not
one " insurrectionist." " Bodily assaults and in-
juries" constitute the staple offence, and murder,
euphonistically qualified as " manslaughter" (or
homicide) stands next. Concealment of birth is
almost unknown in Brazil, and cases of " violation,"
officially distinguished from "rape," are, consider-
ing the climate of Brazil, not numerous. There are
no offences against religion and morals, but the
"civil" catalogue includes 23 cases of " illegal as-
sembly." Of 1,229 persons convicted in 1857, 46
were executed, 116 sentenced to the galleys, 218 to
hand (not hard) labour, 432 to imprisonment only,
5 to " degradation" (not explained), 6 to exile, 384
to fine, and 62 to be scourged. The public revenue
of Brazil is 4,380,9001, and the expenditure
4,455,2291. The latter includes 817,1631 for the
Ministry of the Interior, 415,3001 for Justice,
73,2801 for Foreign Affairs, 552,8851 for Marine,
1,225,5141 fox War, and 1,371,087/for (Ministry of)
Finance. The Public Funded Debt of Brazil is

11,909,0781, against 6,415,9781 internal and
5,493,1001 foreign debt. 2775 vessels, national and
foreign, of 885,703 tons, entered the ports of Brazil
in 1856-7, while 2546, of 905,311 tons cleared out
thence. The ratio of national to foreign vessels is
as Ito 7. Some 3,000 vessels, of 350,000 tone, ap-
pear to be engaged in the coasting trade; 144
British vessels, of 46,266 tons, entered tho port of
Rio do Janeiro last year, and 147, of 48,122 tons
cleared out. The American ships at Rio numbered
some 280, of 107,000 tons. At Pernambuco 287

English ships, of 72,046 tons entered in 1848,
against 294 of 72,867 tons cleared out. At Bahia.
146 English vessels, of 60,306 tons, entered, and
141 cleared out, of 59,060 tons burden. The im-
ports of Brazil, in 1856-7, are valued at 13,761,7731,
and the exports at 12,722,601/. In that year Brazil
took for home consumption, from England alone,
goods to the value of 73,711,048 milreis ; from the
Hanse Towns, 7,498,456 milreis ; from Belgium,
2,073,748 milreis; from France, 16,476,063 milreis;
from Spain, 1,415,499 milreis ; from Portugal,
6,649,118 milreis from the United States, 7,777,406
milreis ; and from Rio do la Plate, 4,030.646 mil-
reis. Among the imports cotton goods figure for
35,513,568 milreis, woollen for 8,381,032, flour for
5,297,466, gold and silver coins for 12,683,643, cut-
lery, &c., for 5,44,448,and gold and silver, wrought,
for 3,788,718 milreis. The value of the exports to
Great Britain is 35,587,150 milreis—about half that
of the imports into Brazil from the former empire.
Of the exports, raw sugars and coffee are the sta-
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