The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-07 00:00:00

STATE OF NAPLES.

A letter from Naples, dated Oct. 30, says : I
After one of the most splendid summers, followed
by the brightest October I ever remember, we are
beginning to enter upon winter. The passeggiata
to the Favorita is over, and the Neapolitan patriots
have concluded their amusements of swinging and
riding on cockhorses in the Summer Palace of the
Bourbons at Portici. The musical fetes of an even-
ing, too, in the Villa are over, though the baud
plays twice a week during the day ; andthe elements
seemed to announce the change which has come
over us by pouring down a deluge of rain on Sun-
day night. -The rain, has, however, come in good
time, for so great has been the drought this sum-
mer and autumn, that water was actually wanting
in our houses for ordinary domestic purposes. It
would be agreeable if on the turn of the seasons I
could speak with any satisfaction of our prospects
for the winter, but even the most sanguine would
find it impossible to do so if they spoke honestly.
There is universal discontent and murmuring here.
The merchants complain that there is no commerce;
the poor, that bread is dear ; the crowds who de-
pend for existence on the influx of sovereigns and
napoleons, that there are no foreigners ; the auto-
nomists, that they are shorn of their national glory
and governed by prefects; and people are busily at
work to foment discord and dissatisfaction. People's
minds may settle down with time, and the chaos
consequent on revolution may gradually subside
into order, but a man must have been blind and
deaf not to have perceived that the murmurs have
been increasing from day to day, and very hope-
ful must he be if he can look forward without
anxiety. The publication of the new system of go-
vernment, though it has long been expected, has
brought the reality of their position before the Nea-
politans, and the majority of them, I will answer
for it, now find that they were not willing to settle
down into a distant province, with Turin as their
capital. It was all very well when they were
smarting under the despotism of the Bourbons ; in
order to get rid of that they would have acknow-
ledged the Grand Turk, to use their own words, or
even put themselves under the dominion of the
French; but now that they have driven out their
oppressors, and have got that unity for which they
clamoured, they feel that it means something very
different from what they expected, and are mor-
tified and hurt beyond all expression at being
let down so low and so rapidly. So far as the
mere political , change is concerned, it must be
confessed that it is the logical consequence of
what the Neapolitans have been raving about for
years, but, like the boy priest, who takes his views
of celibacy in ignorance of his own nature and of
the world and its temptations, they were not ready
for the sacrifices they were called upon to make—
did not, in fact, understand them. In the midst
of their inconsistency one can scarcely help corn-
passionating them, and it certainly is impossible
to look forward without grave apprehension when
the feeling I have described is so general. In one
word, the Neapolitans do not tolerate being sub-
dued and governed by the Piedmontese, and yet, if
Italy is to be united, it must be through the action
of the strongest element in the national mass.
tßhoethfirtaht, the
andone anda w
the oathderfhaarsvieghbteeen
Gevelvdeernntinfreonmt,
olneeemulidghtet
eheanveoiltihaoteugthhte,n :veonuslidtivhea,ved to dflonatetearlltthheairt
'vanity, and to feed the poor; but, on the contrary,
with a ruthless hand, all the signs of independent
nationality have been destroyed, and little, or much
less than might have been done, has been done to
employ the thousands who are without work or food.
There were two modes of governing the South
of Italy, constitutionally and by conciliation or else
by force of arms, and to this latter necessity,
whether from the faults of the governors or the
governed, we are fast coming. So great and univer-
sal ar.3 the discontent and disorder, and so strong
is the prejudice against being " Piedmontised,"
that I would almost hazard the opinion that the
South of Italy to be retained must undergo an
armed occupation, and be governed by the sword.
How far this is desirable or practicable time, which
solves all difficulties, alone can show. Besides a
general aversion from the rule of the Piedmontese—
for these people will not merge the distinction in
names of the various inhabitants of the Peninsula
in the general one of Italians—there are numerous
specific accusations which are made against the
Government, and, if I mistake not, the approaching
session of Parliament will be marked by much ivio-
lent recrimination. T, have met with dePutle

futureused bpye peace, anal n
go to Turin to
sent.
with the act of
out," said he, "and
"We quarrelled, not with the name, but
s
e
any of those of
serve
dodh,
oi
vnetßel
el
sllnoei :teerhierbi
euocamntodeputy
holdsopwi
Government
toa:ui
when
declaredlnt
ne um(.wi o.
u,
he
sea:i,t confess
prosevuovtun,
:aieretdaentps:
nserhomoe
:eft.
smiled, for very Neapolitanslittnleowheoddreeitdihlseeaiin.
spoke of bavin
only of
In short, the imnres-
e
of Italy has been sacrificed
with that affair; hat the languagee
eidymi.nrdlo allyis,eindi-
catedabbattidot dao
f
fli
lion
a u yi
stohtt
that
ae spirittrat
hine noteta
et oohnu
to the North, and that the Government has followed
the counsels of men who might have been well
acquainted with their country once on a time, but
who have been incapacitated from giving an opinion
eliledtuhreingl3 years.
sensitiveness
bo
Withut
regard
anto a
Sicily,se absence in I
hear that
of the people is as great, if not greater, than that
of the Neapolitans. They do not like the contem-
plated changes, and openly say so, though the Lieu-
tenancy is not to be abolished in the island. Indeed,
it might be a hazardous thing to do so, as placards
have been found affixed to the walls in different
parts of Palermo with the words " La Luogotenenza
ola Rivoluzione." It is retained therefore in Sicily
as a political necessity; but, this being the case,
what was more likely to irritate the Neapolitans
than seeing themselves deprived of the shadow of
Royalty, and their rivals preferred to them ? Let-
ters from Palermo and Messina, however, inform
us that the military levies have been completed in
those cities without disorder, and that they were
accompanied to the depot by the bands of the Na-
tional Guards. You are aware that great fears
were entertained of the success of this measure, for
the Sicilians under the Bourbons were exempted
from military service. , The intelligence which I
communicate to you, therefore, is so far satisfactory.
Here in Naples the workmels strike continues,
and hundreds of them.' may be seen walking about
the streets preceded or followed by policemen. One
party, preceded by three tall carbineers with hats
and feathers, which made their proportions almost
eight feet, looked at first sight something like a
procession. The orders are not to interfere with
them so long as they conduct themselves quietly.
A diminutive demonstration took place near the.
Granilo on Saturday, and another was attempted on
Monday, composed of mechanics, locksmiths, tur-
ners, &c. Every additional cause of agitation is
greatly to be regretted at the present moment, and
there can be no doubt that the increased price of
provisions, while wages remain at the same stan-
dard, has in some measure produced the evil above-
mentioned, though political intrigue, too, is at work.
As for the men themselves, they can but imperfectly
understand that where a loss has fallen on the whole
community, each must take his part. It will create
no surprise that robberies in the city are on the in-
crease, and some very serious ones have been com-
mitted during the last week. One in particular
which was committed in the house of Signor Teso-
rone, a linen merchant in the Toledo, has created
great sensation. The thieves got hold of the cash-
box, with 400 ducats, and a quantity of ready-made
clothes ; and they broke into the lower apartments,
where there was a jeweller's shop, kept by Signor
De Francesco, whom they robbed of jewellery
to the amount of 20,000 ducats. I have not
heard as yet of the thieves having been disco-
vered, and if it be true, as some assert, that
even members of the new police have been cor-
rupted by, and are in communication with the
Camoristi, the chance of discovery will be dis-
tant, and future robberies probable. A French
merchant, too, a M. Giroux, on returning to his
house with his wife and family in a carriage, was
stopped by four men and robbed of watches and
jewellery. In this case the thieves have been disco-
vered, but the property is not yet forthcoming.

Skirmishes continue in various parts between the
troops and the banditti, who, though reduced in
numbers, still create disquietude; In that which
took place a few days since at Nola there were
many wounded on both sides, and two soldiers and
an officer aro reported dead. Of the loss of the bri-
gands nothing is known. I shall conclude this list
of disasters by saying that another mail, that from
Calabria, was stopped near Eboli on Sunday last.
A captain of the Guardia Mobile, who was inside
fired his revolver at the party-, and laid one man
dead. The bandits then fired, and wounded a man
sitting on the box. The postilion was arrested on
suspicion of being concerned, though the mails were
saved at length by his driving off rapidly.

THE WEATHER.—Strx OFFICE, NovEXBER 7,11861,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
48—kighest since noon yesterday.
34—lowest this morning and during the night.
44—this day at noon.

BAROmmR-29.50.
WrND—South -Westerly; light, with fine weather, bw
cool.