The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-21 00:00:00

.the living ex-Emperor, who also sanctioned the laws
of 1848. There is no trace whatever of any other
union than this personal one with Austria among
all its laws, treaties, and transactions, Hence, M.
BEAK concludes—" Hungary is not a member of the
German Diet, because she has never been an in.
tegral part of the Austrian empire. We must
therefore solemnly declare that we insist on the
restoration of our constitutional independence and
self-government, which we consider the fundamental
principles of our national existence. We can on
no account allow the right to vote the supplies of
money and men to be taken from us. We will
not make laws for ocher countries, and will share
our right to legislate for Hungary with no one
but the King. We will neither send deputies to
the present .Reichsrath, nor take any share in the
representation of the empire."
When such is the position taken, not by a Re-
publican, not by a sworn enemy (an enemy with
cause enough) like M. KOSSUTH, but by a man of
moderate temper, a very SOMERS, both in his dis-
position and his knowledge of his country's laws
and constitution, the EMPEROR and his able but
Austrian and German-Austrian Ministers must
begin to reflect seriously. Will force now avail
them ? M. DEAR'S grand plea with the more
radical of his own countrymen is, that the Emperor
of AUSTRIA has now entered on a cause of Consti-
tutionalism,—but if the EMPEROR persists in nulli-
fying the force of this appeal by openly refusing to
act on the principles of the oldest and most vener-
' able Constitution in Europe,—if he determines
the tzcelve years of his own illegality and violence
shall ds,!stroy the Constitution of the kingdom which ,
composes by far the most important of the many
parts of his :motley domains,—if he sends foreign
soldiers to collect Hungarian taxes, because, being
levied contrary to !aw, the peasantry, like so many
village HAMPDENS, refuse to pay them,—if, in a
word, he means to override all law and right by
mere brute force,—then let him prepare for a fear-
ful struggle. A struggle there must then be of
patient endurance, on the one side, with the stolid
brutal cruelty for which Austrian officers, as
well as common soldiers, have made them-
selves
the detestation of the armies of
civilisation. On the other the regime of
barbarism may last long, but can it be ultimately
successful ? Austria wants money above all things,
but how can a country furnish revenue whose home-
steads are overrun by the armed hordes of Austria ?
Austria wants Hungarian soldiers, but while she
violates the firesides of their wives, mothers, and
sisters, can she expect that the soldier will not pre-
fer to level his musket or his rifle at his own officer,
who, to him, is the representative of his country's

Sovereign States," but it maintained, that it does
lie in the power of the Federal Government to pre-
vent the construction of any more sovereignties
based on what they held to be the immoral, and the
politically, commercially, and industrially viciois
principle of slavery. The North has aimed legally
and indirectly to abolish slavery in the Union, the
South fights to spread slavery in the territories,
and thus to prevent its extinction. This is the real
issue,

In less than three years there will have arrived
the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of
our immortal SHAKSPERE. In anticipation of this
memorable epoch in the history of England's, of
the World's Literature—a subscription is already
being set on foot with a view to the inauguration
of a National Monument upon that day, namely,
upon the 23d of April, 1864, in honour of THE
IMMORTAL BARD ! What a designation for a
Poet to have won, but yet it is indubitably SHAK-,
SPERE'S distinctive appellation—The Immortal
Bard! A monument like this is not called for in
any way, of course, by his Fame, but simply by our
Gratitude. The imperishable glory of SHAKSPERE'S
genius is independent of all such efforts
in the way of its commemoration. And in effect,
if any visible monument were needed by him here
in England, it would be found already conspicuously
placed among the white-cliffs of his loved and
honoured Fatherland. For there, upon the very
threshold of England, as the European traveller
comes across the Channel to this famous island,
does he not note yonder, close to the seaport of
Dover, in attestation of the Glory, and in reminder
of the Genius of A.VILLIAM SHAKSPERE, that a few
exquisite lines occurring incidentally in one of his
great dramas, has associated his name directly and
for ever with one of the most picturesque and
beautiful among the wave-washed cliffs of
Old England? SIIAKSPERE'S Cliff! That is
the noblest and grandest of all the material
monuments of his Fame and of his Genius.
And it is a monument of his Fame and Genius
carved out by his own potent hand—with a few
strokes from his wondrous pen. Yet viewing the
notion of another and, strictly speaking, National
Monument to SHAKSPERE, here in England, view-
ing that suggestion simply through the medium of
our general gratitude—it appears a happy thought,
and one in every way most reasonable, that a
Monument of that character should be inaugurated
upon the 300th anniversary of SHAKCPERE'S Birth.
So happy a thought is it, that we wish it heartily
success. And if we might give one suggestion to
the projectors of the scheme, we should be tempted
to propose that SHAECSPERE'S monument (of course
to be erected here .n London) should, upon a yet
grander scale be raised somewhat upon the same
plan as that visible :n Edinburgh, in the lofty and
ornate and exquisitely beautiful Scott Monument.
Here is the circular—a copy of which has just
been sent us—definirg in a few words the scheme
of this alluring enterprise :-
1, Bryanston•street, Portman-square, W.,
May 15th, 18G1.
" SHAKSPERE MONUMENT."

oppressor ?
True, if Hungary obtain her demands the Aus-
trian Empire, in its illegal sense, will have ceased
to exist. But the KING of Hungary and EMPEROR
of Austria may then be a powerful monarch. He
may be deterred from useless and costly schemes of
aggressive ambition, and from trampling on the
liberties of other nationalities, by having a second
Diet to consult which knows the worth of freedom,
but for defensive purposes he will be stronger than
ever. With Hungary contented and governed freely
through her constitutional representatives, no one
will dare to attack without cause the hereditary
States of the EMPEROR. The Government of
FRANCIS JOSEPH would no longer be able to aid
petty German Princes to suppress their elective
Chambers, but it would be able to appeal with suc-
cess to any wanton invader of its domains, to a
people who, throughout their history, have been
but too ready generously to succour their oppres-
sors in the hour of danger.

Sir,—April 23d, 1864, gill be the 300th anniversary of the
birth of the immortal hakspere, and it has been deter-
mined to inaugurate, on that day, a National Monument to
him—one worthy his great fame and his country's appre-
ciation of his pre-eminent genius. I shall be happy to
know if I may have the honour of your name and influence
in support of this movement. The maximum subscription
proposed is five guineas, the minimur one penny, so that
all classes may combine in erecting the nation's tribute to
our greatest poet—already too long neglected.—l am, Sir,
your obedient servant,

ADOLPHLS FRANCIS

THE BRITISH FORCES ON 7HE NORTH
AMERICA. AND WEST INDIA STATION.

The rumour now is that Washington is yet in
danger. If it be, former accounts must have con-
siderably exaggerated the number of troops which
had arrived at the capital, and the command which
the North had gained over Maryland, as far as to
the city of Baltimore itself. It is not unlikely that
a demand from Washington for troops and arms
may have given rise to one of those sudden alarms
which are common in all wars. That "the capital
is in imminent peril," after what we heard by
the last few mails, is scarcely credible. The Vir-
ginians were certainly not in a position by the last
advices to think of an attack, President DAvis
appeared to be at Montgomery, and to have enough
to do is the South—Maryland could not move,
and unless, therefore, some great secret operations
have been in hand, we should imagine Washington
to be as safe as London. Another report—" That
the Federal troops will occupy Baltimore in the
course of the week," seems far more likely, unless
former statements that a Federal fort commanded
the city, and that the PRESIDENT'S soldiers occu-
pied all the important routes to the North, were
mere fictions:
On the other hand, it is not unlikely that the
Virginians have responded to President LINCOLN'S
declarations of his intention to re-occupy at once
all the Federal positions in their territory by
counter proclamations. They would naturally
threaten to resist any invasion of the State, as
they would term it. The Governor of North
Carolina is also only following out' the
natural consequences of his position in sending a
warlike message to the Legislature. The Legis-
latures of Tennessee and Arkansas have also

It may not be uninteresting to our readers, con-
sidering the present disturbed state of affairs in the
United States, to glance over the following list of
her Majesty's ships on the American seaboard,
which has been carefully compiled from official
sources, and comprises the number of ships, guns,
men, horse-power tonnage, and the commanding
officeron the NorthAmericaland West India Station ; ,

passed secession ordinances ; the former, however,

will refer the question to the people, which most
of the Seceding States are afraid to do. Probably
the large number of free settlers in one half of

Tennessee necessitate this course. The Southern
Congress has by a law formally recognized the
existence of a war with the Federal Government,
and by an Act authorised the issuing of letters of
marque. And though Fort Pickens has been lately
strongly reinforced, yet despatches from the South

say that General BRAGG is preparing to attack it.
The previous accounts represented him as dis-

couraged and withdrawing. Mr. SEWARD, how_

ever, has certainly commenced his part in the

campaign, and reluctant as he was to believe that
war was possible, has notified the New York

merchants that the blockade of Norfolk in Chesa-

peake Bay is complete, and that even a foreign
vessel would not be permitted to load cotton
there! The South will, therefore, probably

soon begin to feel the pressure of want of trade

and money.

On the whole, we !gust regard

;hese last advices as little more than nu:tours and

reports, with hardly any facts which show any
important change in the position of parties.
We must, however, do the North the justice to
observe, that a contemporary is hardly fair in de

scribing the struggle between the North and the
South as merely one fer territory. It is true the

mmediate issue between Mr. LINCOLN and the

South was whether slavery should be extended into
fresh territories ; but both parties well understood
that this involved the greater question, whether

slavery should be gradually stifled to death or not.
Both sides believe, and we must allow them to be

the best judges, that slavery restricted to its pre-
sent limits would soon destroy itself. Hence the
North was bent on extinguishing this curse of their

country in the only way legally open to it. The

North did not wish to violate the fundamental

principle of the Confederation by calling on Con-

.grey to interfere in the " domestic institutiona of

THE SUN,: LONDON, TUESDAY EvENING; MAY 21, 1861

LATEST NE

PARIS, MAY 21

Tho Moniteur of today says :—" The Italian
papers publish a letter alleged to have been ad-
dressed by the Emperor Napoleon to Prince Murat.
This letter is a mere invention. Although the
Emperor disapproved of the letter published by his
cousin on the affairs of Naples without his permis-
sion, his Majesty has by no means withdrawn his
friendship from him."

TURIN, MAY 20.

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies,
Signor Minghetti, Minister of the Interior, stated
that administrative difficulties existed in the Nea-
politan Provinces, but that there was no political
danger.

The number of Italian soldiers killed and
wounded in the suppression of brigandage since
the 6th of April is under 30,

The municipal elections are everywhere proceed
ing regularly.

The number of persons voting is numerous.

MADRID, MAY 20.
The Queen has signed the decree for the annexa-
tion of San Domingo to Spain.

• MARSEILLES, MAY 20.
Advices have been received here from Beyrout
to the 14th inst., stating that Djemblst Bey had
been found dead in his prison.

VIENNA, MAY 20.

The Emperor has granted a full amnesty to al
those persons who had been condemned for politica
crimes by the military authorities of Trieste.

LISBON, MAY 20.

The King opened the Cortes to-day. The Speech
from the Throne was not of political importance.
His Majesty stated that a loan would be con-
tracted for by Portuguese capitalists. He said
also that the financial state of the country was
satisfactory, and that the colonies required the
attention of the Cortes.

ST. PETERSBURG, MAY 20 (Evening.)

Although the Neva has been already open for
navigation, it was to-day suddenly and thickly
covered with ice coming from Lake Ladoga.
Many vessels have been damaged, and many
barges laden with grain sunk.
The losses caused are very considerable.