The Sun.
London, England, 1857-09-03 00:00:00

r,-:iirbf ':btti_tin

AN AMERICAN VIEW OF THE
DIVORCE BILL.

The object of the bill is to extend to the English
middle classes the same privileges on the subject of
divorce which have for two centuries past been en-
joyed by the rich ; to put it in the power of any
English subject to obtain, by the Expenditure of
two or three hundred dollars, a boon the enjoyment
of which has hitherto been limited to those who
could afford to spend 10,000 dollars—th it being
about the lowest amount needed to carry through a
divorce under the system which now exists. This
proposal, however, is very shocking to quite a num-
ber of members of Parliament, who, if they have
not actually voted for special divorces, have at least
suffered them to pass without protest. They discover
all at once that by religion and law marriage is indis-
soluVe under any circumstances, and that the same
privilege on this subject enjoyed by the few cannot
be extended to the many without danger of an
utter dissolution of manners. The English clergy,
always the bulwark of the aristocracy, from which
all its higher members were selected, step forward
with zeal in the support of exis'ing privileges. They
undertake to make a matter of conscience of it. So
long asthe divorced parties were parties of wealthand
position the clergy seem to have married them again
without protest or question ; but the idea of giving
the marriage benediction to mere vulgar culprits
greatly troubles them, and has led to many petitions
against the now bill, to which the English clergy
seem about as generally opposed as they are
to allowing a man to marry the sister of his
deceased wife. Whether the English law which ad-
mits the remarriage of the guilty party to a divorce
is wise or not, is a question upon- which we express
no opinion. In most Protestant countries such
marriages are prohibited, though here, in
.the United
States, the prohibition is constantly evaded by cele-
brating the new marriage in a different State from
that in which the divorce was obtained. The point
that strikes us as odd is, that only in this particular
case do the clergy charge their consciences with the
propriety or morality of the marriages they are
called upon to celebrate. The same principle, fully
and consistently carried out, would, we apprehend,
stop a great many marriages. A clergyman called
upon to celebrate a marriage is bound to satisfy
himself that no legal obstacle exists. But it would
not seem necessary Ao ask any questions for mere
conscience sake.—New York Tribune.

The line of electr!o telegraph from Lisbon to London
vice Madrid and Paris will be opened throughout the
entire length in a few days.
CITY OF LONDON REGISTRATION OF PARLIAMRN -
TART VOTERS.-Mr. Thee. Y. M'Christie, revising
barrister for the City of London, will begin his revision
of the list of voters for members to serve in Parliament
for the City of London on Tuesday, 6th of Oct. next,
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday.—The Royal Mail Com-
pany's steamship Magdalena, Captain Abott, sailed to-
day with the West India, Mexican, and Pacific mails,
173 passengers, 23,292/. in specie, jewellery value
16,800/., and a full cargo.
HERR STAErDIGL.-At a concert given by the Imperial
Lunatic Aslyunii of Vienna, on the birthday of the
Emperor, the celebrated singer Staudigl was present.
It is •already known that he bas been for some time
under treatment in this institution, and his appearance
gave great delight to all present, which was increased
when afterwards, in the presence of a small circle of
friends, Staudigl sang the " Wanderer " of Schubert,
with such depth of feeling and expression as affected
many of his hearers even to tears.

A- HAPPY LITTLB COUNTY.—For the last ten years
the judges of assize have frequenly passed high eul )-
giume on the county of Rutland for the very erna'l
amount of criminal business brought before them. On
Friday last Oakham county gaol and house of correction
was in an unprecedented condition ; the doors of the
male department of the prison were thrown open, there
not being any prisoner confined there. On Saturday
•vning the agreeable anomaly w's dissolved by the
committal of Thomas Tomblin, of Barrawden, for 14
days' bard labour for a misdemeanor.

PILCHARD FIRIIRRY.--4400R (CORNWALL), SEPT. 1.--
The pilchard fish cry still continues to be prosperous, drift
boats this morning averaging about 10,000 per boat.
Seans did not shoot last evening. A large sturgeon
was caught in the Looe Harbour this morning. St.
Agnes, Sept. I.—The last of a catch of 600 h7gsheads of
fine pilchards was brought in last night, in number cne
and a-half million. This is the third catch for the season,
making altogether 900 hogsheads. Toe prospect of fur
ther catches is very good.
THE Barnes AssoCIATION.—DUBLIN, Wednesday.—
Yesterday's proceedings were most agreeatly wound up
with a monster soiree at Dublin Cantle, the partakers of
Lord Carlisle's hospitality counting by hundreds, in•
eluding, of course, all the intellectual lions resident and
strangers in the Irish metropolis. It is conceded on all
bawls, now that the meetings of the Association are ap-
proaching their finale, that the session of 1357 has been
quite a success, a result which must in no small measure
be attributed to the warns encJurapnoent and support
of the present Viceroy. This is the last day of the sec-
tional meetings, and to-morrow the savans commence
their tour of country excursions.

Loss or LIFE BYFlRE.—Ye4erday, W. Payne, E=q.,
the coroner of tie city of London, received information
of the death of a young woman, named Fanny Craven,
aged 22 years, under the following circumstances :—She
was a servant in a gentleman's family, at Lee, in Kent,
and was standing with her back to the fire, when the
wind from the kitchen door wafted her dress against the
bars of the grate. The dress ignited, and she was soon
enveloped in one body of fire. Her screams brought
assistance, when the flames were extinguished, and she
was conveyed by train to St. Thomas's Hospital, where
every assistance was rendered, till death put a period to
her existence.

A. MAGPIE IN CHURCH.—Such certainly was the case
when Jack, a magpie, will known in the village of
in the county of Kent, for his mischievous propensities,
entered the village church in the afternoon of Sunday,
July 25, 1852, during the time of divine service. Our
friend hopped quietly in at the open door, and for a time
surveyed the congregation, recognising many a friend
who was wont to greet hitn4with words of kindness and
familiarity; but, on this occasion, Jack was surprised
at finding that no notice was taken of him. At
last he seemed determined that ho would not be
thus overlooked, and down the middle aisle he
marched knocking at the door of each pew and announc-
ing his arrival to the inmates with a clear lon 1 "Here
am I." This move had the desired effect ; for,in a very
few moments, every eye was turned upon our hero.
The worthy parson, finding himself in a decided minority
and perceiving broad grins coming over the before
solemn faces of his flock, at once stopped the service and
desired the clerk to eject the intruder. But the order
was more easily given than executed. Jack was deter-
mined not to leave, and so, finding hinis, 11 pursued,
took refuge in a forest of legs belonging to
his young friends, the school children, who did not
appear at all unwilling to afford him shelter. The
clerk rushed on, intent upon catching the enemy,
and putting an end to this nnorthod, x proceeding, and
over, first a bench, and then a child, he stumbled, in his
attempts to pounce upon the fugitive, who easily evaded
his grasp and always appeared just where the clerk was
not, informing him ever and anon of his whereabout by
the old cry—" Here am I," At last, with the help of
two or three of the congregation who had joined iu tie
pursuit, a capture was effected and Jack was ignomini-
ously turned out and the door closed upon him. After
the lapse of a few minutes, order and solemnity were
restored in the church ; and the prayers were recom-
menced and ended without further disturbance. The
parson, in due time, ascended to the pulpit. He gave
out his text and commenced a discourse calculated, no
doubt, to be of much benefit to his hearers ; but he had
not proceeded far, when he was interrupted by a loud
noise, accompanied by rapping at the little window at the
back of the pulpit. Turning round to ascertain the cause,
he beheld our friend Jack pecking away at the
window, flapping his wings against i., and screaming
at the top of his voice—" Here am I—here am I"
a fact which no one could gainsay or resist laughing
at. The worthy parson finding his own gravity and
that of his congregation so entirely upset by what had
occurred, brought his sermon to a speedy conclusion, and
dismissed the cengregation. Sentence of death was re-
corded against the offender, but upon the petition of a
number of the parishioners, it was commuted to trans-
portation for life from the precincts of the church.—
Fraser .s Magazine.
SUNDAY PHOTOGRAPHY IN LEEDS.—At the Leeds
Court House, on Tuesday, before J. 11. Shaw and E.
E,cers., a young man, named Amos Lambert,
appeared to answer a 'summons charging him with
having, on Sunday last, followed his ordinary calling by
taking and selling photographic likenesses. Mr. Ferns,
who appeared for the defendant, said ho was not in-
structed to deny the facts stated by the police-officer ;
but he contended that his client was not following his
ordinary calling on the Sabbath•dey, inasmuch as lie
was a wood carver by trade, and practised photography
an an amateur ; but, even supposing it to be his ordi-
nary calling, he (Mr. Fern-) would submit it to the
bench that it was not a case for interference, because no
harm whatever could arise from likenesr -taking on a Sun-
day. Indeed, it very often happened that artists obtained
sittings on a Sunday. After a consultation, Mr. Shaw
said that the bench had no doubt wheteser that the
taking of photographic likenesses had been made a part
of Amos Lembert's ordinary daily calling. If a person
chose to know two or three occupations, each was his
" ordidaary callin." But the difficulty experienced b the
bench was, whetheraphotographic artist came within the
meaning of the word "artificer" in the Act of Perlis-
meet. The words were—" No tradesman, artificer,
workman, labourer, or other person whatsoever can
exercise their ordinary calling on the Lerd's-day." The
words, "or other person whatsoever," must mean of
the same description as those mentioned before ; they
could not extend to other classes, that was quite clear.
That being so, the question was simply, what was t
meaning of the word artificer, and if it included artistshe ?
In the Imperial dictionary, the word artificer meant
artist ; and, turning to the word art, tie found that it
included mechanical skill. If the case could be heard eard at
the sessions, he should Lave thought that the best course
would be to raise the question there, by the bench in-
flicting a small penalty, so that an appeal might he made.
But tbere was no appeal from the decision of the magi-
strates,
to and as they were anxious not to go short of the
law, or
go beyond it, they should allow the question
to stand over till they had an opportunity of consulting
the Recorder, or some other person of eminence, on the
point whether the practice of photography came within
the meaning of the Act of Parliament,—Leeds Mercury

" LA TRAVIATA," AT THE THEATRE ROYAL,
LIVERPOOL.

Last night (Tuesday) Mr. Copeland was rewarded for
his exertions to please the public by an overflowing au-
dience at the Theatre Royal, to hear Madlle. Piccolo-
lomini in "La Traviata." We understand that a
thousand or more persons were turned away from the
pit and upper boxes. We hope for Mr. Copeland's sake
that he may be able to arrange for a repetition of this
opera on Saturday next ; it would go far to remunerate
him for the very great expenses he has incurred in his
' spirited inauguration of his elegantly revived theatre.
We cannot afford to give up either of the other operas
advertised for to-night, Thursday, or Friday. Madlle.
Pieolomini has too great opportunities in each of them
to allow of their being withdrawn. She is so
completely the star of this company, as she would
be of any other, that we must take her per-
formance into principal consideration. Not that we
would undervalue Signori Giuglini, Beneventano, Ross,
Belleti, Madlles. Spezia, and Ortolani ; but the charm
of Madlle Picolowini, both as a singer and an actress,
place her before all the opera performers of the day. We
hear of her b-auty as her principal attraction. We hope
she will forgive our saying that we cannot see it. Many
other performers have the advantage of her in figure and
face ; but, like Jenny Lind, she makes a confidant of her
audience, arrests their attention, and then chains them
by the exquisite taste and expression, added to the most
perfect and facile execution which she throws into every
part, with the most delightful tone ; an elegant manner
and an ease, grace, and animation that is unrivalled
by any one on the stage at present—at least that has
been seen in this country. Giuglini in Alfred di Ger-
snout, and Beneventano in Il Corte di Germont were
very much applauded. Madame Poma was much more
satisfactory in Flora Bevoix than she was in Azulene on
Monday; and the whole opera was rendered as eff,ctis ely
as the composition would admit of. We cannot think it
one of Verdi's successes, though there are some pleasing
parte in the music and the situations are dramaticly
effective. To-night Donizzetti's popular opera "La
Figlia di Reggimenio"—the triuMph of Jenny Lind, in
which Madaille. Piccoloinini ha-i established a success-
ful rivalry—wdl be performed, and she will be sup•
ported by SLnor Belletti, as the Sergeant. The evil we
have complained of arising from the enthusiasm of the
audience encoring the principal performers during the
execution of a piece of music was so annoying last night,
as to raise a considerable cry of " hush." We hope it
will be abated to-night ; and abolished altogether on
Thursday and Friday next as it is clear that Signor
Vaschetti, who conducts in first rate style, will not stop
the music to allow for the reception, and as I have said
before, the beautiful opening of "Figaro" and "Dan jI
Giovanni" will be spoiled:—Liverpool paper.

THE TONIC SQL-PA ASSOCIATION AT THE
CRYSTAL PALACE.

Yesterday was truly a "—people's day" at the Crystal
Palace. The juvenile concert of the Tonic Sol-fa
Association had been announced, with a choir numbering
about 3,000 voices, and from no early hour it was
apparent the promoters of the fdc had struck a chord
of public sympathy. The Palace, spacious as it is,
seemed crowded during the concert, and we never re-
member seeing an assembly more powerfully affected,
than was that yesterday as the concert proceeded. The
children occupied the orchestra erected for the Handel
festival, and when they rose together and sang simply
and sweetly the hymn, " My God, how endless is tby
love," the touch of nature was irresistible. The occasion
awakened a reminiscence of the annual gathering of the
children under the dome of St. Paul's, but the light
and graceful palace, with the trees and flowers,
and especially the popular audience, absolved from
the penalty of the sermon, suggested a con-
trast more striking than the resemblance. Many
of the pieces sung were of a cheerful religious cha-
racter ; others embodied some healthy and pleasing
natural sentiment. The music, sung with a will, was
at the same time executed with a precision and truthful.
ness which reflect the highest credit on the gen lemen
who hare trained the classes. The audience, in the ful-
ness of its delight, re-demanded a large proportion of the
pieces—Spoliforth's " Hail, Smiling Morn," and Dr.
Callcott'a "Stormy Winds" being among the number.
Oa other occasions, we have described the peculiarities
and merits of the Sol-fa method as taught by the Rev.
John Cur wen, pr:sident of the association : it will suffice
now to say that it seeks to develop the voice, ear, and
understanding, in connexion with the real nature of
music itself. With this view it introduces in the earlier
steps a simpler end more intelligible way of writing
music IT the voicd than that in common use, which
quickly becomes, however, the readiest interpreter of the
established notation, and sure key to its difficulties.
The success of yesterday's experiment must be most
gratifying to all who take an interest in the cultivation
of the faculty of vocal music.

TIIE DIVORCE BILL DISSECTED.

LBY PUNCH.]

The Divorce Bill's an Act, the Divorce Bill is Law,
Old PAM has established a clerical raw,
Though GLA.DBTONE protests, and SAM WILBERFORCE

"'roans
That what's good for a Duko is not good for a Jones.
The battle of tangled amendments is past,
The Royal assent is accorded at last ;
So, that DARBY and JOAN may be trapped by no fallacies,
Punch begs to offer this little analysis.
The Licence (you'd bettor have banns) is still bought
Whore with greedy-eyed touters your battle is fought:
They state they know single from married men, thus,
Ho who, seeing them, scowls, bath said "better or wus."
As regards divorce questions, Punch gladly reports
We've abolished the Ecclesiastical Courts ;
All compl ants matrimonial, fur kill or for cure,
Are tried in LORD CUPIL,PAM's now Cour d'A mour.
Its Judge (with 5,0001. a-year) is a cretur
Whose title's true accent is hostile to metre :
But turn to your Litany—notice whose tongue
May commaud " other times " when that prayer shall be
sung.

Before him may practise a herd of Inquisitors,
Barristers, proctors, attorneys, solicitors.
He takes Separations, and small things of course.,
But a Full Court (three judges) must sit fur Divorce.
Now, DARBY, perpend. Should your JOAN go astray—
Well, you're right to look fierce— but some other JOAN may.
Her Dauer petitions this Judge (or my Lord
Of Assize) to estrange her from bed and from board.
And if DARBY goes wrong, or he wops his poor JOAN,
Or for more than two years from her household has flown
The law has decreed, in its wisdom, to fence her
With the same Release-Order, ci thoro ti menus.
And while she's deserted, if DARBY (the beast)
Interfaces with her poor little goods in the least,
She may go to a Beak, whose proceedings are quick,
And policeman Z 1 will almiuistor Stick.
There ends, we must say, JOAN, as far as we see,
Any special relief that's allowed to the She,
Fur the Men make the law, and so please to observe
How it stands if you, Madam, from duty should swerve.
He may get a Divorce— that's a grave, solemn thing,
Annulling the marriage and molting the ring :
And though actions like those which disgrace us are barred,
He may claim from LOTH ti what juries award.
But you have no right for divorce, JOAN, to stir,
(Save in cases so shocking they rarely occur),
Except he's so base as from virtue to draw
One he must not espouse--say, a sister-in-law :
Or unless he's been dreadfully cruel, so bad
That (without other sin) a divorce should be hai :
Or unless in your note of his conduct appears
" Inexcusable absence for more than two years."
[What the law calls " excuse" must remain to be seen,
It may be much Nagging, or much Crinoline,
Or a constant Piano, a Parrot's vile shriek,
Or Your Mother his guest more than three times a-week.]
That's the pith of the bill, but it likewise provides
That no parson need marry divorced men, or brides,
Where the party divorced was the sinner—but, still,
Any church must be free to a parson who will.
Let LOTHARIO take note, ere with glances and smirk
He addresses himself to his dastardly work,
That he's not only fined for the wrong he has done,
But is mulct iu all costs—most infrequently fun.
So much for the Act—the mere naming its name
In one home of ten thousand, in England, were shame,
But while Masculine's vicious and Feminine's weak,
What help for the wronged but appeal to the Beak?
One point it affirms let us chiefly lay stress—
That Wrong, and not Gold, gives the right to redress ;
And that HLEN, the Countess, no longer can buy
What to NELLY, the.Lauruiress, tribunals deny.
Take heed whom you marry—when married, take heed
That affection's the cue fur each word and each deed,
And you'll care just as much for this act anti its cases,
As Punch and his Judy—whom now he embraces.
[Suits the action to the word— gives her a cheque for her
milliner, mentions that he has engaged her a house at the
sea-side—adds that ho will take her and her dear mother
to Richmond to dinner to-day—puts a new bracelet on
her white arm—salutes her and exit dancing, and de-
riding all the Divorce Bills in the world.]

EIPERIMENT IS CAUSEWATING AT EDIN131:111GII.—Tho
North Bridge, as our greatest thoroughfare,
been made the subject of an experiment in causeway
ng
which it to be hoped will be successful, seTeibneg thatj
in
evidently a most expensive operation. has
j.ust
coaches, carts, and other heavy prodigiouscarriaogrdesiniasry
across this street, and hithertof
mode
oi
causewaying with the block
courses has been found quitead.
o tisheh in s
insufficient,tonet h
ei n
paviou regularr a
The experiment now
scarcely being over off the r?
bedding for the paving
atones metal converted into a solid mass
stones of macadami•ea
put in action consists in making a
by heavy liquid asphlte poured over it, The paving
mineral
i substance,l
stones are then arranged in wide courses, and the inter-
stices
meltedo7 se, ith hler same
B,RGs....._ia quaintness of Iform, and, in brilliancy
ar
British Dai
aly f
imagined ; and we found endle,s amusement in
watching of colours those wonderful masses surpassed everything
Ihtacdhing their fantastic procession. At one time it was
a knight on horseback, clad in sapphire mail, a white
plume above his ca,:que ; or a cathedral window, with
shafts of chrysophras, now powdered by a snow-storm ;
or a smooth 'sheer cliff of lapis lazuli ; or a banyan
tree, :with roots descending from its branches, and a
foliage as delicate as the efflorescence of molten metal ;
or a fairy dragon, that breasted the water in scales of
emerald ; or anything else that your fancy chose to con-
jure up.—Lord Dufferin's Letters from, High Latitudes.
THE ToAD.—A. proof of the well-known faot in na•
tural history, that a toad continues to live, although
deprived of food, light, and air, was witnessed at Kin-
nahaird, in Ros•?-shire, last week. One of Mr. Ross's
sons, on the 12th of August, 1856, placed a live toad in
a box about four inches square, and, buried it a foot and
a half under ground. On the 12th of August, this year,
the box was dug up, and on removing the lid, the toad
was found to be alive, and apparently in excellent
health, and walked off as if nothing unusual had hap-
pened,— Invert:cm Courier.

SUN OFRICE, u'Clock,

WARWICK RACES.--(This Day.)

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)

MEMBERS' PLATE.

Flyaway
Lady Elizabeth
Mary Lovell

.lEthon .

Four ran.

NURSERY HANDICAP.

Baroness filly
Lucca dellA Robbia

Four ran.
WELTER CUP.

Hamlet
Dead heat with Alembic and Bold Buccleuch for second
place. Four ran.
COUNTY STARES.

C1aret............................................................. 1
Uze11a..........................................................
..
Babylon 3
Seven ran.

WARWICK CUP.

Fi-,herman
Oakball
Lecomte

Three ran. Won easy.

FRANCE.

A letter from Paris, dalel yesterday (Wednes-
day), 6 p.m., says
" The Council-General of the department of the Ile
rault, presided over by M. Michel Chevalier, has just held
its annual meeting, and has unanimously passed strong
resolutions in favour of a revision of the French Customs
tariffs. In these resolutions the cause of free trade is
argued with all the vigour and lucidity that might ba
expected from the high reputation of the distinguished
President of the Council. The existing restrictions are
shown to be, for the most part, injurious to the agricul-
tural interest and uncalled for by the state :of French
manufactures. In the infancy of industry it might be
needful to put it in leading strings, but now the produce
of French ingenuity and skill is found competing in
foreign markets with those of England and other mono-
factoring countries. It is stated in the resolutions, which
constitute a report concerning the effects to be anticf-
pated on French commerce from the adoption of free
trade, that the value of the manufactures exported from
France to markets where they meet with foreign con--
petition exceeds 1,000,000,000 f., whereof at least
400,000,000 f. consists of articles which the French tariff
protects by prohibition. It is estimated that nine-tenths,
at least, of the manufactures of France are protected by
absolute prohibition, and that the greater part of the re-
maining tenth are subject to duties so high as to be de
facto prohibited. In short, French industry is swathed,
fenced in, and fostered as if it were a puny child, instead
of a robust adult, well able to hold its own among com-
petitors. Such a system, contrasting with that of all other
countries, which have reduced their tariffs while France
has strictly maintained hers, is calculated, in the opinion
of the Council of the Herault, to reflect unfavourably on
the French name, at the same time that it is is contra-
diction with the spirit of the times, with the closer rela-
tions established by railwaysamong the European nations,
and with the community of interests sought to be
created among them. It is pointed out, by coming for-
ward as candidates for the highest prizs at the Univer-
sal Exhibition of Paris, where cheapness was one of the
conditions of success, the French manufacturers clearly
proved that they were able to brave foreign rivalry. On
the other band, if in certain branches they are inferior
to the foreigner, this is attributed to the security and
sloth into which they have been lulled by the certainty
of a monopoly of the home market. The question of re-
prisals is next touched upon, and on this head the Coun-
cil of the Herault speaks feelingly, since that great vine
district naturally sees a grave obstacle to the full deve-
lopment of its prosperity in the tax levied by foreign
Custom-houses on its excellent wines. By the reduction
of duty effected by the Imperial Government on some of
the most important alimentary articles, such as cern
and cattle, as well as on wool and other farm pro-
duce, agriculture, unquestionably the most important
branch of French industry—since it is estimated that
20,000,000 of Frenchmen live by it—has ceased to en-
joy the advantages of the protective system, whose
charges, however, it continues to support when it pur-
chases the iron indispensable to its operations, fanning
implements and machines, guano to fertilise the coil,
household utensils, and many articles of raiment. The
effect of the prohibitive system is particularly ir.j:lrious
to the consumer iu the case of ceitain manufactures
limited to a fe .v great eetagishments, which thus enjoy,
a monopoly and impose their own terms upon the pub•
lic. Tide kind of comb:nation, says the redort, has a
tendency to increase, and to extend itself to manufac•
tures not confiued to so few hands. Against the factiti-
ous dearness VI ith which the public is thus threatened the
cols resource must be sought in foreign competition. Tue
report points nut the great difference in the rate of im-
port duty levied on certain articles under Napoleon I.
and under Napoleon 111. Thus, as regards iron and
steel, under the first Emperor the duty was 441. on
the former, and 991. on the latter article. The
decree of 1853 found it augmented to the enormous
rate of 2061. and 1,3201. for the qualities most de-
manded; and, even after that decree, they re-
mained treble what they were under Napoleon I.
The lees amount of protective duty under which
certain mauufacurera thrive and increase in other
countries, less forward than France in manufacturing
skill, is exemplified by the article of cotton yarns. The
project of law of 1856, which encountered such strenuous
opposition, proprosed a graduated scale of duty front lf.
Sc. to 7f. 50c. per kilogramme, while the German spin-
ners prosper, according to the report, with a general
duty of 22u. on all numbers indiscriminately, and those
of Russia, still less skilful, multiply with a protective
duty lower than a minimum laid down in the pre ject of
law. After expressing its gratitude to the Government
for the reduction made in the duties on several articles
of subsistence and raw materials, the Council-General
concludes by expressing its wishes on the subject before
if. It desires that all the reductions of duties provision.
ally decreed may be rendered definitive, and that a revi-
sion of the whale tariff may be at once proceeded to ;
that all export duties on French 'merchandise may be
suppressed, and the formalties of exporta.ion simplified ;
that all commercial prohibitions of importation may be
immediately abolished, and replaced by duties suitably
adjusted ; that the duties, for the most part excessive, of
the present tariff, be reduced to rates which would print
foreign competition to stimulate French industry, hence-
forward strong enough to benefit by such a system instead
of suffering frees it ; that duties on raw materials of all
kinds be gradually reduced, so as to disappear within
a short term of years ; and that the same be done with
respect to the tools, machines, and apparatus which are
the instruments of work in agriculture, manfacturee,
trade, and navigation ; and especially that the duties on
iron, on raw cast iron, and on steel in bars may return
as soon as possible to the point at which they wete in
the reign of Napoleon I. ; and that, in the diplomatic
negotiations which shall be opened to ensure to French
industry a just reciprocity, particular efforts shall be
devoted to obtain the removal of the iuttrdiction which
has everywhere been laid, in Europe and e!Eevvhcro, on
the wines of France.

"The Empress on Saturday made an excursion by sea
on board the Pelican. This light steamer entered the
Bidassoa and came to an anchor off Fontarabia, where
her Majesty landed and visited the town in the mid-t of
enthusiastic acclamations from the crowd, some of whom
afterwards ex.,cuted several national dances in the pub-
lic sqaare. The Empress on again embarking went to
the opposite bank of the Bidassoa and landed at lien•
days, where she was received by the cure, at the head
of all his parishioners. The Empress returned to the
villa at a late hour in the evening. The next day plea-
sure-trains from Toulouse and Bordeaux conveyed about
3,000 visitors to Bayonne. The regatta took place on
that day, and was honoured by the presence of her
afternoon, and remained during the whole of the repre-
very numerous, and the enter-
Majesty, who also attended the bull-fight in the
sentation. In the evening there was a reception at the
tainments kept up to a late hour.
villa, the company being
"There is very little doubt that the much-talked-of
interview between the Emperors of France and Russia
will take place in Germany this year. Stutgardt or
' Darmstadt, it ie said, will be the place of meeting.
p frome r or
thet h e
otherdepartment
day a t
theot theeam 1-:: I,
°t
to isek hire A
waited
onto
reply
visit Metz. lam assured that his was that per-
haps he would go there on his way to Germany.
the deputation
Emperor
"The date (so long uncertain) of the inauguration of
the railway from Niort to La Rochelle .
officially and irrevocably fixed. Thisand Rochehrrt is
solemnity will take
place on Sunday, the 6th
Sept., at La Rochelle, and on
Monday, the 7tb, at Rochfort.
"The works which are to ' •the railway
join
with that of the Mediterranean have been carried on
for some time past with redoubled activity. The viaduct
of the Rhone is finished, likewise the viaduct (composed
of ten small arches of solid earth) which join it, and
which are intended to assist in drawing off the watt-r,
which overflows during the great floods. The masons
are now occupied in fixing the hand-rails of these two
1 important works, which in reality form but one,"

A WHITE narto.—Once, and only once, during my
life, I have bad so opportunity d examining minuttly an
entirely white negro. In the year ISl.2there lived In
the town of Stabroek, the capital of Demerara, a nrin of
this complexion. II was a robust young fellow, by no
means what they called an Albino, as his eyes were just
of the same colour as those of his tribe. He went by
the name of Bocbra Jem, or White Jemmy, and was a
tailor by trade. I found his skin in all respects tho
same as my own, saving that where the sun had given
mine the appearance of mahogany, his was blotched with
broad freckles of a lighter tint. In other respects he
was in reality a negro from head to foot. He stood ap-
parently about 5 feet 9 inches in height, with a finely
-xpanded chest, and a back as straight as an arrow ; but
he was deficient in the calves of his legs, while you could
not help remarking the protusion of his heel, so noted
in the negro. Both his father and his mother were
healthy jet black negroes. He appeared to be about 20
years old, and was probably the only white negro eycr
eeu in Demerara.—Waterton's Essays.