The Sun.
London, England, 1859-04-30 00:00:00

human suffering, a due regard for which forms
the bond by which the human race is banded
together. The present contest is not one of
opinion, in which great and important results,
preventing the welfare, happiness, and prosperity
of mankind, are conceived. Far from it ! Neither
side can be justified. Their conduct cannot even
be extenuated in any degree, or in any respect.
The only difficulty is to say which of the parties
are amenable to the most stringent censure.
On one point there is perfect unanimity between
men of all shades and varieties of political opinion.
It is, that England should observe perfect
neutrality until her own dignity, honour, or
security become involved in the dispute. It
must, we regret to say, be an armed neutrality
—very costly, doubtless, and very injurious to the
best interests of the nation. But far better that
it should be so, than that the blood of our gallant
soldiers and sailors, or the wealth of the people,
should be expended in such a cause.

The disasters on the Stock Exchange are proceed-
ing with increasing force. It is said that already 53
members have succumbed under the almost un-
exampled pressure to which they have been sub-
jected. -It is feared that many other firms have bees
seriously compromised, and that the list of failures
will be greatly enhanced. As an indication of the
prevailing distress and discredit which extended
even to gentlemen who a few days since enjoyed
unlimited credit, the simple fact that the Stock
Exchange was kept open until five o'clock, in order
that the members might ascertain whether cheques
that had been given during the course of the day
would be duly honoured, is significant. Indeed, it

is said that there was a great disinclination to
accept anything save bank-notes or hard cash !
This is a terrible state of affairs. How many
families, who within a few days were in the
enjoyment of every comfort and luxury, have been
reduced to poverty and destitution. The houses
that they have sedulously cultivated will speedily
be dismantled wives and children driven to
miserable lodgings ; and all this misery and
this suffering have been produced by the dupli-
city and wickedness of a single individual,
who has cast aside every motive that ought to
interest humanity for the sake of his own ambitious
projects. Louis NAPOLEON has cast the firebrand.
He has sown the storm, and may possibly reap the
whirlwind, and he certainly will not receive the
sympathies of this country, or the good wishes of
the families that have been beggared through his
means.

says :

SARDINIA.

The fluctuations in the value of all securities,
public and private, have been perfectly un-
paralleled. The Old Turkish 6 per Cents. varied
nearly 10 per cent. in the course of the day, having
been dealt in as low as 60 and as high as 70, while
the New vibrated between 50 and 59. No quota-
tions will be given. The widest margin is required.
There is a general anxiety to close all old transactions,
and to avoid entering into new ones, even under the
most tempting conditions. Even in our own 3 per
Cent. Consols, the best and most unquestionable
security that can be obtained under existing cir-
cumstances, the perturbation amounted to no less
than two per cent.
This is one among many of the unfortunate con-
sequences of our monetary code—the knowledge
that we must supply bullion to all nations at
a fixed price, whatever may be its actual
value, or the inconvenience occasioned to this coun-
try by the operation. It is this which discourages
the industrial and productive classes, and leads to
the evils so greatly to be deprecated by all who
have the welfare, happiness, and prosperity of the
people at heart.

A SONG.
TO " THE PEOPLE" OF ENGLAND.

BY ELIZA COOK.
Onward ! " Liberty and Reason I"

This is now broad Europe's shout ;
England, it were moral treason,
Were thy lion voice left out.
Britons I keep your banner waving ;
Hang it forth in Freedom's sun ;
But beware the braggart raving
That would talk of sword and gun I

Trust not to the brawling leaders,
Lighting ye with Fury's brand I
'Tis brain-feeders, not blood-brecders,
That shall purify the land.
Heed not those whose noisy yelling
Fain would waken Tumult's din ;
Let a nobler voice be swelling
In the battle ye must win !

Show that ye have sense and feeling,
Fit to gain and guard your place;
Let your own determined deahng
Meet Oppression, face to face I

Not with weapons red and reeking ;
Not with Anarchy's wild flame ;
But with loud and open speaking,
In "the People's" mighty name I
Wisely think, and boldly utter
What ye think, in Wisdom's speech;
But ye must not even mutter
Words that madmen only teach !
Ye shall soon have wider Charters 1
England hears the startling cry
Of her poor and honest martyrs ;
And her " glory" must reply.
Ask for all that should be granted !
Show the fester of neglect ;
If " a People's" love is wanted,
" People's Rights" must have respect !
Let the great ones, high in station,
Lift their eyes, and see at length
Ye are pillars in the nation,
That alone insures its strength I
Tell your rulers they must levy
Fairer weights on wearied backs !
Say the coffers that are heavy
Best can yield the heavy tax !
Tell the Church, its first great Pastor
Had no gather'd wealth to count :
Little had the Christian Master
For his " Sezmon on the Mount !"
Say the Prelates—cramm'd unduly-
- Should divide their bloated spoil
With the humbler Priests, who truly
Serve mankind with ill-paid toil !
Tell the paupers clad in ermine,
That your children are unfed ;
And ye will not have State vermin
Gnawing into Labour's bread I
Tell aloud your hearts are loyal ;
Let " GOD save the Queen" be sung :
Yet the idle and the Royal
Must not suck with " horseleech" tongue I
Show that ye have bravely risen,
That ye are not " brutes" and "fools ;"
Say that ye will shun the "prison,"
When they give ye " work" and " schools I"
Tell your wise and great Law-makers
(Moral o'er their meat and wine),
That they might become Law-breakers,
Left, like ye, to pinch and pine !
Think (hey, with short-sighted meanness,
Ye are weaker 'neath.their will ;
Will your flesh in wolfish leanness,
And your minds less nourish'd still ?
Let "the People" have THEIR " College ;"
Untaught men are fearful things ;
Only crucibles•of Knowledge
Serve to melt Crime's fetter rings.
Sons of England, be ye steady
'Tis your heads, and not your hands,
That shall prove ye fit and ready
To enlist in Freedom's bands
Trust not to your brawling leaders I
Scorn to spring with tiger claws ;
'Tis truth-heeders—not steel-speeders—
That shall triumph in your cause.
League in firm, unflinching quiet ;
Use your presses, print and read !
If you ope the gates of Riot,
Wives and little ones must bleed !
Onward I " Liberty and Reason ;"
Let this be the chorus cry ;
And not a heart will dream of treason,
If wise Senate lips reply !

The Prince Pierre de Tayn Wittgenstein and the
Prince Eugene Wittgenstein have arrived at Long's Hotel,
New Bond-street, from Berlin.

The Duke of Devonshire left Chatsworth yester-
day to visit his estates at Lismore, in the county of Water-
ford• His grace is expected at Devonshire House on
Wednesday next.

The Duchess Dowager of Beaufort and the Ladies-
Somerset have returned to their new residence in Hill-
street, from Badminton-park, for the season.

LATEST NEWS.

HOSTILITIES

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

BERNE, APRIL 30.

According to official advices just received hem,
the Austrians, after having crossed the Ticino
yesterday, at 4 o'clock p.m., commenced hostilities
in the evening.

PARIS, SATURDAY, 10 o'CLocK.
The Austrians have passed the Ticino, and have
commenced hostilities,
This is official.

TURIN, APRIL 29, 11 P.M.

The Austrians crossed the frontier this after-
noon in small numbers. They are expected in force

to-morrow morning,
Fifteen thousand Imperial Guards landed
to-night, making 40,000 French at Genoa.
The force at Susa is increasing fast.

PARIS, APRIL 29.
•
La Patric publishes a long article on the medi-
ation, which concludes as follows :
If England will unite her influence to ours to
make Austria accept the conditions necessary for
the independence of Italy, her mediation may still
prevent a collision, and save the peace of the world.

A despatch from Turin, dated 2Sth of April,

All despatches coining via Genoa suffer a delay
of one or two days.

The steamer which arrived at Genoa on the
27th brought a proclamation to the Tuscan army,
inviting it to await the signal of war, to advance
in a compact body of 12,000 men to reinforce
Piedmont.

A similar proclamation has been addressed to
the troops in the Romagna.

Advices from Rome of the 27th of April announce
that on Easter Sunday, after the benediction
given to the people and French and Pontifical
troops, groups assembled round General Guyon and
the Due de Grammont, greeting them with cries of
" Long live France !" Long live the Emperor !"
" Long live Italy !"
On the following evening the manifestations were
renewed in front of the palace of the Due de
Grammont.

There was a-report that the Pope intended to
retire to Bologna or Gaeta.

TURIN, APRTL 29.

Generals Canrobert and Niel have arrived here
and have gone to join the King. The disembarka-
tion of French troops at Genoa continues. A con-
siderable part of the division of the Alps has
encamped at Susa in Piedmont.
The Austrians are concentrating in great masses
at Piacenza, where a proclamation has been issued
by an Austriam Commissioner Extraordinary.

VIENNA, APRIL 29.

The official Wiener Zeitung publishes an Im-
perial manifesto, explaining in energetic terms the
necessity of war with Sardinia.
The manifesto appeals to the patriotism of the
faithful subjects of Austria, and hopes for the
assistance of the kindred German race, connected
as it is with Austria by origin and by common
(Inger.

The following is a more detailed summary of the
last official article of the Austrian Correspondence,
a resume of which appeared yesterday :

,4 VIENNA, APRIL 29.

Rentes are now 62.15.

" The Austrian Correspondence gives an account
of the present state of affairs, and states that the
negotiations have failed, because France, at the last
hour, demanded the admission of Piedmont into the
Congress. Austria had accepted the proposed
mediation of England, but France refused it. The
Austrian Correspondence further mentions the entry
of the French troops into Piedmont, which it de-
clares to be a violation of neutral territory. The
article goes on to state the recent occurrences
in Florence, Massa, and Ferrara (Carrara ?),
where provisional Governments have been esta-
blished, and concludes thus :—Austria, faithful to
her mission in the political world, has drawn the
sword to defend the rights which treaties have
given her, and to maintain the independence of
European States."

BERNE, APRIL 29.

The news of the offensive movement of the Aus-
trians over the Ticino, which was telegraphed by
the General of Division Bontemps in his despatch
to the Federal Diet of the 27th inst., appears to be
unfounded.

The Austrians were already in motion, but re-
ceived counter-orders, and halted on the eastern
bank of the Ticino.

The passes over Moat Cenis are stated to have
become impracticable.

MARSEILLES, APRIL 29.
Advices have been received from Rome to the
26th inst.

A proclamation has been issued by Gen. Guyon,
recommending the inhabitants to remain tranquil,
disapproving of any manifestations even of a pacific
nature, and reminding the populace that the
assembling of street crowds has been already for-
bidden.

Letters fiom Ancona state the arrival of 8,000
Austrians in that town.

FRANKFORT-ON-TIIE-:kIAINE, APRIL 29.

In yesterday's sitting of the Federal Diet, Den-
mark, Luxemburg, and the States of Thuringia,
gave their assent to the last resolution taken by
the Diet, to place the Federal troops in readiness
to march.

CARLSRUITE, APRIL 29.

The President of the Chamber of the Grand
Duchy of Baden has summoned the members to
meet at Baden-Baden.

HAGUE, APRIL 29.
A report is current that the Dutch Government
will shortly ask the Chambers to increase the war
budget by two or three million florins.

VIENNA, APRIL 30.
The official Wiener Zietung publishes the follow-
ing financial decrees :--
Ist. The Income•tax of the 3d class is to be re-
tained by the payment office immediately upon the
interest on the public funds being paid.

2d. A loan of 200,000,000 florin; is ordered, but
as the contract is for the present impossible, the

National Bank will advance two-thirds of the
nominal value of the loan in new notes.
3rd. The third decree releases the National Bank
for the present from the obligation to meet their
COMMEINVEMENT I notes by specie-payments.

4th. The fourth decree orders that the duties
and certain Excise dues must for the future be paid
in silver or in payable coupons of the National
loan.

THE FRENCH FUNDS.
PARIS, APRIL 29, 11.55 A.M.
Rentes were first done at 62.50, and are now
62.45

12.18 P.M.
The Bourse opens flat. Routes 62.20, being a
fall of nearly per cent. since yesterday's closing.

2.18 P.M.
According to a rumour disturbances have taken
place in Rome.

3.45 P.M.

The Bourse closes very flat. Rentes G 2 for
money, -and 61.75 for account, being a decline of
nearly 1 per cent. since yesterday.

AUSTRIA.
(From the Correspondent of the Times.)
VIENNA, APRIL 27.

The inhabitants of this city are extremely nervous
and agitated, but none of them appear to disap-
prove the decisive step which was taken by the
Emperor on the 19th inst. The feeling of the Aus-
trians towards King Victor Emmauel is perhaps
less hostile than it was a short time ago, but their
animosity towards the Emperor of the French, to
whom they attribute the present complication, is
greater than ever. The older inhabitants of Vienna
well recollect the tortuous policy of the First
Napoleon, and they assert that the nephew is
treading in the footsteps of the uncle. If I read
the Austrians aright, they now feel a kind of pity
for the Sardinians, whom they consider the victims
rather than the proteges of the Emperor of the
French. " The end of the matter," say the
Viennese politicians, " will probably be that
France, with the assistance of Sardinia, Al
succeed in ejecting us from Lombardy, which
will be given to King Victor Emmanuel as an
indemnification for the loss of a part or the
whole of Savoy. If a kingdom should be formed
out of the Duchies of Tuscany, Modena, and Parma,
it is probable that Prince Napoleon will be placed
at the head of it." Such opinions as the foregoing
are, however, only expressed in private, as it would
be considered unpatriotic should any one publicly
speak of the possibility of the Mincio becoming the
boundary line of the Austrian possessions in Italy.
The army is extremely sanguine, and some of its
principal officers have repeatedly expressed to me
their conviction that no force which the French can
bring into the field will be able to dislodge the
Austrian troops from their fortified position be-
tween the Mincio and the Adige. Yesterday evening
a general officer informed me that Austria now
has about 190,000 men in Italy. " If," said he,
"the French and Sardinians should have an
army of the same strength there will soon be a
dearth in the land. During the former wars in
the Italian peninsula neither of the belligerent
Powers had more than 80,000 men in the field ; but
it was always very difficult to procure the necessary
supplies for them." There are fortified camps both
at Verona and Mantua, but the fortresses them-
selves can, in case of need, be for a time defended
by 10,000 men. The two camps are so extensive
that 40,000 men can with ease manoeuvre in them.
The quadrangle formed by Peschiera, Mantua,
Verona, and Legnano is neither more nor less than
a fortified camp on a very large scale. Of the pro-
posed plan of operations of the Austrian army I know
literally nothing ; but it appears probable that
Piacenza will be one of the points of departure,
as a corps pushed forward from Piacenza to Novi
would cut off the communication between Genoa
and Alessandria. Many -people believe that the
Austrians will cross the Ticino at Pavia and make
the best of their way to Turin, but to me it does
not appear probable that they will venture to pass
between Alessandria and Casale, the two strong-
holds of the Sardinians. The straightest and best
road from Lombardy to the Sardinian capital is
that which runs through Vercelli and Chiavasso,
but it is known here that the Sardinians have re-
cently been " hard at work" at the first-mentioned
place. It is related that the railroad between Ver-
celli and the Ticino has been rendered impassable
in several places.
When sending off my despatch this morning, I
learnt that Sardinia interrupted her telegraphic
communication with Austria about 48 hours ago.
It is obvious that she did so in order that the Aus-
trian Envoy might not be able to let his Govern-
ment know the result of his mission until he reached
Buffalora or Milan.

The—Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, arrived at
Venice from.Monza on Saturday lasts The wives
of the officers and private soldiers belonging to the
garrison of Venice have received. . orders. to leave
the city.- ' ~, being generally believed that the
French intend to make an attack on, Cattaro,,it may
be well to say a few words in regard to that port,
which has perhaps, with the exception of Malta,
the best and roomiest harbour in Europe. The
entrance to the Gulf of Cattaro is so well fortified
that it would be almost impossible to force it; but a
Power which has the command of the sea can get
possession of it by means of a strict blockade. Dal-
matia produces hardly enough food for the inhabi-
tants of the province, and once a week supplies
(oxen, &c.) are sent from Trieste to Cattaro and
the other Austrian ports on the.:-east coast of the
Adriatic. If the Montenegrins should harass the
Austrians in the rear, while the French and Russian
squadrons are blockading the entrance to the port,
Cattaro would soon be obliged to surrender at dis-
cretion. Cattaro, in the hands of a great maritime
Power, would be almost impregnable, and the Bri-
tish Government will do well not to lose sight of
this fact.

The Wiener Zeitung of this morning announces
that the so long-expected Municipal Laws have
been published in the Reichs Geset: Blatt (Bulletin
des Lois). The official organ also contains an Im-
perial rescript, by which the military authorities
are empowered to take, at fixed prices, as many
horses as are required by the army. As each com-
munity is obliged to supply a certain number of
men, so each district will be obliged to supply a
certain number of horses.