The Sun.
London, England, 1857-03-25 00:00:00

MA CII 25 57,

I INAUGURATION •OF TILE PRESIDEST lIBALTH OF LONDON DURING THE
OF THE UNITED STATES. - j WEEK.

On the 4th of March the Administration of Mr.
Pierce ceased to exist, and Mr. Buchanan, the new
sident, entered on his term of office. The cere-
monies that transfer the Government from the out-
going to the in-coming chief of the State are of the
very simplest kind. • The Constitution only pie-
scribea that the new President shall on that day
ba sworn in by the Chief Judge of the Supreine
Court, the term of hits predecessor and the exist.;
ence of Congress ending at noon..
The inauguration of Mr. BuChanan was singu-
larly taxeured by the (len-lents. The day was beau-
tiful, though before it tl.e weather had for 801113
time been detestable, and relapsed into the striae
state immediately afterwards. During four or :Iva
hours there was a glimpse of spring,—a blight sun
and soft airs. The next day came a piercing winter's
wind and clouds of dust. The city was crowded
with guests and visitors ; on the 2d and 3d, when
the special trains frem Baltimore and Philadelphia
began to pour in thousands in addition, the crowd
became a crush, ant the late comers found great
difficulty in finding shelter ; but by close packing,
ten and fourt 'en in a room, and the seizure
of bars and billiard-tables, the influx was shaken
down somewhere. The short-distance trains did
their work very well, but pilgrims from New York
and mere distant points went through all sorts of
disasters; a vio'ent storm sopped the ferry across
the Susquehanna ; the different lines did not " con-
nect," and there was a great accumulation of way-
farers at various points, to the profit of the local
hotl.-keepe-s. Those who left New York at one
particularly unfortunate juncture were four days
on ihe road to Washington, though the d stance
ought to be accomplished in 12 hours. Much
baggage went astray, and many ladies who came to
attend the Inauguration Ball fully provided with
dresses by the best New York artistes, heard at the
last moment that the sa'ins bad "gone south" in
the confu-ion. These mishaps were, luckily, the
worst. There was much vexatious delay with the
railroad trains, but, though the traffic was so im-
mensely increased on the first three days of the
month, no serious accident is reported on any of
the lines.

The portion of the proceedings of the day that
comes under the head of " spectacle" scarcely re-
paid the thousands who flocked int') the city, if
they merely came to see a show. The point of
simplicity hss•been passed, but grandeur is not yet
attained. As a sight it was not equal in effect to
a general parade of the New York fire companies.
The military part of the procession is nearly all
voluntary, and consists of companies and detach-
ments of the countless Guards, Fencibles, Rifles,
Highlanders, and Jagers, in all kinds of uniforms
in which the citizens of the Union delight to enroll
themselves. They came in in delegations from 40 to
80 strong from every State of the Federation ; some
of the companies were in excellent order—their uni-
forms clean and bright, and their drill good ; the
pecuniary condition of the citizen very much affects
the outward appearance of the soldier. These
brilliant companies were evidently well to do, and
could affordto expend something for the credit of the
corps. But there were other detachments so oddly
threadbare and dilapidated, that if their patriotism
had not exceeded their vanity they would surely
have remained at home. The most striking of all
the military companies was one in the uniform of
the " Continentals" of 1776—blnewith buff facings.
The colours still linger as a party badge in the cover
o: the Edinburgh .Review—the three-cornered hat
and topboots. It is very nearly the dress military
artists give Napoleon in his early campaigns. Com-
pared with more modern military tailoring it lo,es
very little. The hat would certainly catch rain
like a dish, but would pour it off clear of the collar ;
the shako conducts it down the neck. The boots
look better than any form of the trouser. Oa the
whole, as a fighting and marching dress, it was quite
as good as most of our present uniforms. The
officers add an elaborate lace shirt frill, which
throws in a touch of the drawing-room ; the
" 76th's" were quite a feature of the day. Another
relic of the past turned *up among. the crowd ; an
old gentleman wore a real queue, a veritable pig-
tail, carefully trimmed and tied ; in the New
World one ancient fashion still survives.

The procession was formed in front of the city-
hall ; the President and Pi esident elect joined it at
Willard's Hotel ; they rode in the same carriage to
the Capitol, making the centre point of the caval-
cade. In front of their carriage was a decorated
car with a pole of liberty, and immediately baind
it the model of a ship rather overmanned with an
oversized crew. The rest of the procession con-
sisted of the different Democratic clubs and wso-
ciations from the chief cities of the Union, the
Washington firemen, and one fire company and its
engine from New York.
Within the Capitol, on the arrival of the Presi-
dent, asmaller procession was formed in Vie Senate
Chamber, including the Judges of the Supreme
Court, the foreign diplomatists, officers of the army
and navy and heads of departments. It crossed
the Rotunda to the great eastern portico, in front
of which a platform, with a few seats, bad been
construc'ed. Mr. Buchanan, preceded by the
United States' Marshals of the district, descended
the steps, the other authoritieq, and those who had
formed the procession, occupying the marble ascent
behind him. The lofty columns of the porch made
a very good framework of the picture the whole
group presented. In front an immense crowd
had gathevd in the grounds of the capitol ; a sort
of flooring had bean constructed about four feet
from the ewe) for their accommodation. Looking
acrirs this mass of people, Mr. Buchanan'exactly
faced the statue of Washington at the end of the
long walk. In a few minutes after he had taken
his place, Mr. Buchanan advanced to the front of
the platform and read the address, which appeared
in The Sun of Saturday last.
• The oath of office was then administered to Mr.
Buchanan by the Chief Judge of the Supreme
Court, and the ceremony of the day terminated.

(12.0,y6 the Report of the Registrar-General.)
The total number of deaths registered in Lon-
don, which in the previous week was 1,151), was,
in the week that .ended last Saturday, 1,195, of
which 627 were deaths of males, and 568 those of
females. In the ten years 1847-56 the average;num-
ber of deaths in the weeks corresponding with last
week was 1,198, which almost entirely agrees with
the number now returned ; but, as last 'week's
deaths occurred in an increased population, the
average must be raised for the purpose of compari-
son prportiou?lly to the increase, in which case it
will 13,c me 1,318. Hence it appears that 123 per-
sons sut vived last week, whose names would have
been inscribed n the registers if the average ruts
of mortality had prevailed.

As it has been shown in recent returns, the di,
eases classed under the general term "zymetic,,,
and the most important of which, with the excep-
tion of typhus, are fatal principally to children, ex-
hibit in the aggregate a considerably reducea rat,
of mortality. The deaths referred to this class are
in the pre out return 197 ; the corrected average of
corresponding weeks is 254. The decrease appears
under smallpox and typhus (or common fever) ; the
former was tat Al in four cases, the average 15 ; the
latt-r in 24 cases, the average being 51. Scarlatina,
which carried off 27 children, and whooping-cough,
which carried off 58, both wakeake a close approxima-
tion to their averages. Twenty six children died of
measles, a number which very slightly exceeds the
average. Seventeen persons died of diarrhoea. On
ieference to the Table of Epidemics it will be seen
that the deaths from the six diseases which have
just been specified occurred in proportions not very
dissimilar throughout the different parts of the
metropolis ; but that the four sub-districts which
compose East and West London contributed only 4
out of the 157, and the city none, which is in part
to be explained by the, fact that this portion of the
metropolis is in a less degree than others oefoupied
by the younger members of families. The deaths
from bronchitis rose last week to 164.

Eight nonagenarians die'i in the week; the oldest
were a nurse who diet in Walworth at the age of
94 years, a gentleman who died at the same age in
Upper C barlotte-street, Tot tenham-court-xoad, and
a widow in the German Jews' Hospital at Mile-
end, who had reached the sge of 99 years.
A man died in the sub-district of Finsbury, St.
Luke, from privation ; a horse•hair drawer from
glanders ; a person from intemperance ; 4 persons
from cart uncle.

Last week the births of 939 boys and 916 girls,
in all 1,855 children, were registered in London.
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1847-56
the average number was 1,603.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.-719 in.
The highest reading in the week was 29.99 in. on
Saturday. The mean temperature of the week was
45.1 cle4., which is 3.3 deg. above the average of
the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr.
Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was above
the average till Saturday, when it was 6.2 below it.
The air was warmest on Wednesday, on which day
the highest temperature of the week occurred, and
was 66.2 deg., and the mean temperature was 53.2
deg., which is 11.4 deg. above the average. The
lowest temperature of the week occurred on Tues-
day and Saturday (the latter a bitterly cold day),
and was 33.0 deg. ; and the entire range of tem-
perature in the week was therefore 33.2 deg. The
mean dewpoint temperature was 39.7 deg., and the
difference between this and the mean temperature
of the air was 5.4 deg. The wind blew first from
the south-west, afterwards from the south-east, then
from the east, and on Saturday afternoon changed
to north-east. Rain fell to the amount of 0.33 in.,
nearly all of which was melted hail that fell on
Sunday (the 15th) ; on which day the horizontal
movement of the air was 310 miles. On Thursday
the motion of the air was only five miles.

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTEEFD

IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 21.
Zymotic Diseases
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of. the Brain, Nerves and Senses
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 49
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of
Respiration
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion ... ••• ...
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c
Diseases of the Joints, Dona, and Muscles lO
Diseases of the Skins &c.
Malformations 1
Premature Birth and Debility 2l
Atrophy 27
Old Age
sudden .. 11
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 32
Causes not specified

78

DEATHS BROM ALL CAUKIES
Population Deaths in come• peat/ s
Enumerated. sponding week in the
1851. 401856. Week.
West Districts
North Districts 490,396
Central Districts 393,256
East Districts 485,522
South Districts 616,635 327

Totals
Males C27
F3males .1;63
BIRTHS IN TIIE WEEK.

Males
Females..

Total 1,855

THE TWO BRANCHES OF THE
BOURBON'.

It was mentioned some time since that differences
had arisen between the representatives of the two
branches of the Bourbons about the non-recogni-
tion of the tricolor flag by the Count de Cham-
bord. In the month of August last a letter
was addressed by the Duke of Nemours to one
of the leading members of the Fusionist peep
in Panie, in which he announced that, as an
understanding could not be come to, the Princes
of Or:eans considered themselves as released front
every obligation that they might have contracted.
The Fusionist leader kept the contents of the letter
to himself till the month of November last, when
he communicated them to a well-known Legitimist,
and requested him to bring them to the knowledge
of the Count de Chambord. Two sentences only
were extracted and sent to the head of the house
of Bourbon. The Count was hurt at a communi-
cation being made to him in such a form ; he re-
plied that he regarded it as non avenue, and that he
should still consider that matters remained un-
changed. In the meantime occurred the death of
M. de Salvandy. which gave occasion for the letter
of the Count de Chambord to M. Pageot, in which,
it may be remembered, the assurance was repeated
of the political reconciliation remaining oitablished
between the elder and younger branch of the Bour-
bon family. The Orleanists were thrown into great
confusion at the protest of the Duke of Nemours,
and they insisted that a categorical explanation
should be demanded. The Duke of Nemours con-
sequently addressed a letter to the Count de Cham-
bord, to which the Count replied,
"My Comia,—l have read your letter with deep
regret and sorrow. I was pleased to think that we had
understood in the same manner the reconciliation
effected between us now four years ago. That re-
establishment of our political and family relations,
while it was gratifying to my heart, seemed to my
judgment a pledge of salvation for France, and cne of
the firmest guarantees of her future. In order to
justify my hope, in order to render our union at the
same time efficacious and worthy, there were want-
ing only two things which yet were very easy—to re-
main, on your part as on mine, equally convinced of
the necessity of our union, and to maintain a confidence
equally solid in our mutual sentiments. I have not
doubted your devotedness to the principle of Mo-
narchy ; and no one can call in question my attachment
,to France, nay respect for bar glory, my good wishes
for her greatness and her liberty ; and my BYmPa-
thetie gratitude is given to those who have
at every period done for her what is good, useful, anal
great. great. I have never ceased to think, I have shyer said
have always believed, and I still b:hliee"rnonment
impropriety of regulating,
beforepose on us that
comes when Providence
shalt interests and the
duty, questions which
1 ritlhl the
resolve. It is not
wishes of our country
people can dispose of
that it
it is in the union of our house,
profound conviction:,
fforts of all the defenders of monar-
w w e are far
less France,preserve t that
and in the commonthat
France will be one day saved ;
ehical institution q,
FiENBI."
and her saddest trials have not weakened my faith.

PRICIC OF GOLD.—The quotation of gold at Paris is
About 6 per mile premium, and the short exchange on
London is 26.25 per 11. sterling. On comparing there
rates with the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 100. per
ounce for standard gold, it appears that gold is nearly
3-10ths per cent. dearer in Paris than in London. By
advices from Hamburg the price of guld is 424 per mark,
aisd the short exchange on London is 13.41 per 1/. stor-
ling. Standard gold, at the English Mint price, is there-
fore' rather more than 1-10th per cent. dearer in Hamburg
than in London. The course of exchange at New York
on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 108.1- per cent.,
which, when compared with the Mint par between the
two countries, shows that the exchange is nominally
againbt England; but, after making allowance kr
charges of transport and difference of interest, the present
rate leaves no profit on the transmission of gold either
way between the two countries.