The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-19 00:00:00

i. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NE"
THE PANTHEON.
DR. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Ape-
hecariss' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
,bove, on all eases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
)f both Sexes,• emanating from early and exoessive lindul-
,enoes•

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MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRHCE
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c.
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CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the physiological
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CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence;
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CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
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CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of
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ORYSTAL PALACE.—On SATURDAY, July
N....) 20, 1861. ROYAL DRAMATIC COLLEGE. GRAND
FETE and FANCY FAIR. The Council have the honour to
announce that they have made arrangements with the Direc-
tors of the Crystal Palace for the Annual Fete and Fancy
Fair in aid of the Funds of the Dramatic College, for the
above date. The Fancy Fair, Fairy Post-office, and Wheels
of Fortune will be presided over by the following Ladies,
who have kindly tendered their services :
Mrs. Stirling, Miss Kate Kelly,
Miss Fanny Stirling, Miss Johnstone,
Mrs. H. Roddell, Miss Fanny Hunt,
Miss Button, Miss Amy Sedg, wick.
Miss Kate Carson, Mrs. Charles Mathews,
Miss Hudspeth, Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam,
Miss Fanny Josephs, Mrs. Frank Matthews,
Mrs. Alfred Mellon (late Miss Katharine Hickson,
Miss Woolgar), Miss M. Oliver,
Mrs. Billington, Mrs. Charles Young,
Miss Emily Thorne, Miss Alice Evans,
Miss H. Simms, and
Miss Laidlaw, Miss Talbot.
AUNT SALLY, CHEAP JOHN, PUNCH, TENT OF
MYSTERY, PEEPSHOW, Bc., under the direction of
Mr. J. B. Buckstone, Mr. W. Gomersal,
Mr. Frank Matthews, Mr. J: B. Johnstone,
Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Dalton,
Mr. Paul Pedford, Mr. Joseph Robins,
Mr. R. Phillips, Mr. W. H. Eburne,
Mr. Clark (Haymarket), Mr. W. Shirley,
Mr. Barrett, Mr. Conway,
Mr. John Neville, Mr. Conway, jun.,
Mr. W. Smith, Mr. Charles Sloman,
Mr. H. Widdicombe, Mr. Alexander,
Mr. J. Clarke (Strand), Mr. Paul Herring,
Mr. Addison, Mr. Morelli,
Mr. Lewis Ball, Mr. J. Francis,
Mr. W. Worboys, and
Mr. John Povey, The Alexander Family.
Mr. W. R. Cranford,
The Council have also the gratification to announce that
the following Artists have most generously given their aid
for a VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT :—Mdme.
Weiss and Miss Palmer, Mr. Swift, Mr. Santley, Mr. George
Perren, and Mr. Weiss. Conductors—Messrs, Jules Benedict,
A. Manna, and Alfred Mellon.
ROYAL DRAMATIC COLLEGE QUADRILLE, com-
posed expressly for this occasion by Mr. Alfred Mellon.
An ACROSTIC, by J. J. Stainton, Esq., "The Royal Dra-
matic College," will be spoken by Benjamin Webster, Esq.,
Master.
The original Burlesque of VALENTINE AND ORSON,
written by Messrs. Planche, Talfourd, Byron, Halliday, L.
Buckingham, and W. Brough, recently performed for a
charitable object with great success at the Lyceum. Charac-
ters by the members of the Savage Club and other gentle-
men connected with literature and. art. Leader of the Band
—Mr. Isaacson.
A thrilling Melodrama of the good old Bartlemy Fair times,
by Nelson Lee the Younger, illustrated by the real players,
metropolitan members of the profession, at Richardson's
Theatrical Show.
BLONDIN OUTDONE by Mr. J. L. Toole, who will carry
Mr. Paul Bedford (immensely elevated) across the Falls of
Niagara.
The Band of the Grenadier Guards, under the direction of
Mr. D. Godfrey, by permission of Colonel Lewis.
The Band of the Crystal Palace Company.
For numerous other attractions and arrangement of pro-
gramme see future announcements.
Admission, 2s. 6d. ; Children, ls. ; Reserved Seats (num-
bered) for Concert, 2s. 6d. Change can be had at the Fancy
Fair, close to the stalls.
Tickets of admission to the Palace and to the Reserved
Seats for Concert may be had of Mr. J. W. Anson, at the
Office of the College, No. 15, Bedford-street, Covent-garden;
Mr. Sams, Royal Library, No. 1, St. James's-street; Mr.
Mitchell, 33, Old Bond-street ; Messrs. Keith, Prowse, and
Co., Cheapside ; at the Crystal Palace Office, 2, Exeter Hall,
Strand ; and of the usual agents.

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
CAIRO, ILLINOIS.
In my last letter I gave an account of what I saw
on my way to the city of Memphis, and of my visit
to the Secessionists' camp, and brought up the nar-
rative of the journey to my arrival at this place,
which is the head-quarters of the brigade of Illinois
troops employed in behalf of the Union to keep a
watch and ward over the important point which
commands the junction of the Mississippi and Ohio
rivers. Major-General Pillow, of Tennessee, block-
ades the current of the united rivers at Memphis ;
Brigadier-General Prentiss blockades both streams
before they join at Cairo higher up. The former is
in the midst of friends ; the latter is surrounded by
enemies—across the rivers, in his rear, below, be-
hind, and above him—in his very camp there are
Secesionist feelings, sentiments, and wishes, some-
times represented by actual force. There are in the
larger States about this vast region conditions of
opinion on the subject of Union or Secession which
are like the electrical phenomena of a conductor,
charged by induction. As the States approach or
recede from the great slave agriculturists they be-
ennui Secessionist, or divided, and finally Unionist.
Western Virginia is rather Federalist than other-
wise ; Southern Illinois is in several counties all but
Secessionist ; East and West Tennessee differ in
sentiment on the great question. Missouri is also
distracted by Federalist and Disunionist.
It may be that this schism will not only break up
the Union, but even split up the States, for the
sovereignty of which one part of the Republic is
arrayed in arms against the other. The Seces-
sionists, however, stop short with their universal
remedy at the borders of each State, and do not
admit the right of separation to any portion of a
State unless it be in their own favour. A Union
man is very glad to observe discussion in a State
when it is brought about by the friends of the
Government at Washington. A Northern man will
endure anything but the idea of the Union being
broken up ; he becomes intemperate and angry if it
be hinted at. But, in whatever way the end may be
worked out, it is clear the means used in doing so
are the 61d-fashioned machines in vogue in the Old
World in the hands of despots, kings, and rulers ;
and that the majority in States which was formerly
the ruling power must be destroyed by the process.
The argument of a self-governing people for the
whole of the United States is now convenient
enough ; but we heard very different language
when England demanded redress for the imprison-
ment of her subjects at Charleston, and when a
British subject was seized in New York because he
had destroyed a vessel in the service of the enemy.
In fact, the whole of the philosophical abstractions
on which the founders of the Republic based their
constitution have given way before the pressure of
events, and every step that is taken by the Federal
Government in vindication of its rights or preroga-
tives is embarrassed by difficulties which in the end
must be cut by the sword. The authorities can
scarcely deal even with a rebel privateer ; and in
the case of the schooner taken by the United States'
brig Perry in all but flagrant piracy, with proofs
abundant of her guilt, there is no court to condemn
her unless one be specially devised, inasmuch as she
ought by law to be condemned in the United States'
Court, in the harbour of Charleston, South Carolina,
where the United States' processes at this moment
are not of much effect. It is obvious that such an
emergency as the present cannot be met by any
constitutional devices. Republics in a crisis have
always had recourse to dictators. If word-splitters,
doctrine-mongers, and dodging politicians, at the
forthcoming Congress of Washington, attempt to
control the action of the Executive by " Constitu-
tional devices, motions, or resolutions, they will do
more harm to the cause of the Union than all the
militia captains of the enemy's host,
A few hours took me out of the Southern Camps
to theFederaliet position ; but Secession sentiments
travelled on board the steamer, An English steward,
who left his country so long ago that he forgets all
the feelings of his countrymen, expressed his opinion
that the South would hold its own on the slavery
basis, and professed astonishment at the notion that
slavery was not in itself a good thing, which he
found prevalent in Great Britain. The passengers
were rather Secessionist than Unionist, and I must
say, from what I have seen, there is far more leni-
ewnheiyehand forbearance shown by the United States'
authorities to the rebels than the latter exhibit to-
wards those who are in favour of Federal principles,
Secessionist
areo got eanf
reloarmna ldiNiyn. describedegwa tot
ileealnedva o,ewewn
of Southc.aire as
th abo-
litioniste pas
sweintghemrsewent where they listed, and a very strong
sus-
pect tam Marts uam Mercurio—was
lheatdgotrhaivsewllaeyd.
mud running out iinvetahrf,etoeiruanacbtiroinefofdettheentmioinss.issißppe-i
Cairo consists of a bank of
shape
eall hotelen
teds aloft near the
horizontal C. The tops
of certain unimpressive wood
swhiatrhp
all end,itsl33e4fosrtearwsh. which tthheeUannai
le ariseststoresher
e i
s appearan a bove
bgat
hyna
earth-
work, in
which is not yet complete, btuattews' hfliaeghflwo floats
and
Prntartdhhei nerlegotganri
hs:esian g north on "business"—l
soon be finished, in very good order. It is a redan
or rather a fieche following, the line of the banks,
with a good profile and command—a regular ditch
scarp and counter-scarp, and it owes its excellence
probably to the skill of Colonel Wagner, a Hun-
garian, who is in charge f it. The
with men in uniform, and it was
Artillery
was
crowded offic r
hotel
suggested by the landlord that one bed was large
enough for two stout gentlemen—my friend and my-
self, the thermometer being at 100 degrees or so in
.the shade, but there was a difference of opinion on
erdGd
boee
adnhneifkori
that point, and finally we were quartered in a
secluded little chamber, two bedded, two windowed,
with a fine view into the back yard. The delta is

strongly occupied by Illinois volunteer forces, with
two field batteries and several guns of position. On
the opposite shore of the Mississippi, at a place
called Bird's Point, in the State of Missouri, is a
detached post, with field intrenchments held by a
regiment composed of Germans, Poles, and Hun-
garians, under Colonel Schuttner, about 1,000
strong, and several pieces cf light artillery. Posts
are also established higher up on the banks of each
river, but on the bank of the Ohio, opposite to Cairo,
the soil is tabooed. There is the "sacred soil" of
Kentucky, and Beriah Magoffin has warned the
United States and Confederate States off his pre-
mises. It is my belief, however, that Columbus will
not be long unoccupied. The Ken tuckians opposite
Cairo are very strong Secessionists.
At the rear of the hotel, in the hollow between
the levees of the rivers, is "Camp Defiance," which
must be the base of operations of any force proceed-
ing down the Mississippi. On the morning after my
arrival (June 20) I was introduced to General
Prentiss, whom I found is a large room on the
ground floor of the hotel, which is the headquarters
of the brigade: He is a man in the prime of life,
about 40 years of age, with a clear, liquid blue eye,
and very agreeable manner ; smooth-faced, except
as to the chin, which is alorned by the barbe di'
Afrique or goatee so muci affected in America ;
over the middle height, slight and active in figure, and
speaking with what is calleda slight Western accent.
Although he was aware I had just come from Mem-
phis, the General had the good taste not to ask any
questions respecting the posiion, which is more than
I can say of all I met on either side. By his elbow
was his acting aide.de-camp and military secretary,
an Englishman named Binnore, who was formerly
engaged as Government stenographer at Washing-
ton, and has now sharpenedhis pencil into a sword.
A number of officers were in the room, one of whom
was a Hungarian, Milotsky; another a German, a
third a Scotchman, a fourth an Englishman. In
conversing on various matters General Prentiss
showed me, with a smile, the copy of a newspaper,
published in Kentucky, which contained an article
on himself that cannot readily meet with a parallel
even in the journalism of this part of the world.
For the benefit of your readers I send it that they
may judge what sort of a people it must be which
tolerates the use of such language :
'" There is a man now vegetailing at Cairo, by name Pren-
tiss, who is in command of the forces at that point. His
qualifications for the command of such a squad of villains
and cutthroats are—he is a miserable hound, a dirty dog,
a sociable fellow, a treacherous villain, a notorious thief, a
lying blackguard, has served his regular five years in the
penitentiary, and keeps his hide continually full of Cincin-
nati whisky, which he buys by the barrel to save money.
In him are embodied all the leprous rascalities, and in this
living sore the gallows has been cheated of its own. This
Prentiss wants our scalp. We have no objection to his
having it if he can get it ; and we will propose a plan by
which he may become possessed of that valuable article. It
is this. Let him select 150 of his best fighting men, or 250
of the lager beer Dutchmen, and we will select 100 ; then
let both parties meet at a given point, where there will be
no interruption of the scalping business, and then the
longest pole will knock the persimmon.' If he does not
accept this proposal he is a coward. We think the above
proposition fair and equal."
These gems are from a paper called the Crescent,
printed at Columbus, Kentucky, and edited by
Col. L. G. Faxon, of the Tennessee Tigers, a worthy
and accomplished officer and gentleman, no doubt.
In the afternoon General Prentiss was good
enough to drive me round the camp in company
with Mr. Washburne, member of Congress from
Illinois, and several officers and gentlemen. Among
them was Mr. Oglesby, Colonel of a regiment of
Illinois Volunteers, and, as it shows of what mate-
rial the commanding officers of these regiments, on
whose individual action so much depends, are made,
I may be pardoned for stating that this excellent,
kindly, and shrewd old man, who was responsible
for the position and efficiency of 1,000 men, is one
who raised himself from obscurity to a competence
by the drudgery of a lawyer's office in spite of a de-
fective education, and that he never handled a com-
pany in the field in his life. Apparently he is selected
to be a colonel because he can make good homely
telling speeches to his men, and he may think he
will be a good officer just as he may imagine he is
an excellent artilleryman because the first time he
ever laid and fired a gun the other day the ball hit
the tree at which it was aimed. The bulk of the
troops are encamped in wooden sheds, provided with
berths like those in a ship, which are disposed lon-
gitudinally, so as to afford the maximum of sleeping
room. These sheds run continuously along the in-
ward side of the levees, the tops of which are broad
enough to serve as carriage roads. They answer
well enough for temporary purposes, but would not
do for a lengthened residence. There can be no
drainage, as the ground on which they stand is be-
low the water level. The parade is spacious and
level enough—the bottom of a swamp whioli the
troops have cleared, cutting down trees and remov-
ing stumps with great diligence and labour. Our
drive extended up the Mississippi shore, past two
field guns in position and some infantry tents, up to
the camp of a company of Chicago Light Artillery
and of Hungarian and German Volunteers, under
Major Milotsky. The guns fired a salute on the ar-
rival of the General, and the company were drawn up
to receive him—an unequally-sized body of men,
most of whom, however, were quite fit for any mili-
tary duty. The Captain, Mr. Smith, is, I should
judge from his accent, a Scotchman, and he told me
the men in his company represented a million and
a-half of dollars in property. The guns of the
company (brass six-pounders), the horses, aid
equipments were clean and in good order; the firing
was well-timed. While seated in his tent several
of the privates came forward outside and sang,
"The Star-Spangled Banner," " God Save the
Queen" (to their own words), and other airs very
pleasingly; but a severe reception awaited the
guests on going outside, for the whole of the com-
pany were drawn up in line, and they then and
there set up a shouting for " Washburne," so that
the hon. member was fain to comply and make a
speech; and then General Prentiss made a speech
under similar compulsion ; and next Colonel Ogles-
by ; and then your own correspondent, who has
had quite enough of speaking in America, in his
first and last effort, was forced to say he could not
make a speech ; and after other orations, in which
the audience were always called " gentlemen !" we
got off (with "three cheers") to the Hungarians,
who were waiting for the turn—a fine, soldierly-
looking set of men, of whom our Kentucky editor
writes as follows :
"When the bow-legged, wooden-shoed, sour-krout stink-
ing, bologna -sausage-eating, hen-roost-robbing Dutch sons
of from Cairo had accomplished the brilliant feat of
taking down the Secession flag on the river bank, they were
pointed to another flag of the same sort, which was flying
gloriously and defiantly about two squares distant (and
which their guns did not cover), and defied, yea, double-big,
black dog dared (as we used to say at school) to take that
flag down. The cowardly pups' the sheep-dogs, the sneak-
ing skunks dare not do so because these 12 pieces of artil-
lery were not bearing upon it, And these are the people
who are sent by Lincoln to ' crush out' the South 1"
The officer in command put them through light
infantry drill, advance of line of skirmishers,
charge, rally, retreat, &c., all well done, and they
marched back singing to camp and gave three good
cheers for the General. In our way back the party
stopped at another camp which was enlivened by
the presence of ladies, who bad come some hundreds
of miles to see husbands and brothers, and in the
evening the usual parade took place near the hotel.
Four regiments of about 700 each were on the
ground, and never, perhaps, did any force only a
few weeks in the field look more like soldiers,
march more steadily in line or present a better
appearance in the ranks. When drawn up in line
the difference of uniform in various companies
struck the eye as a disagreeable novelty—one with
white crossbelts between two companies with black
crossbelts, for example ; but the line of bayonets was
unwavering and uniformly sloped—all the ordinary
work of a very ordinary regimental parade was per-
formed by each with precision and rapidity, and the
men were as fine fellows as could be seen in any
infantry regiments of the line in any part of the
world. The officers, however, did not seem very
quick—orders were carried at a trot—the combined
movements were slow and a little clubb!ng took
place in forming into line from columns of com-
panies marching in echelon. Just as it was dark
there came into camp with a good band at their
head a remarkably stout-looking set of fellows
armed with rifle and bayonet, very tall, in heavy
marching order, and stepping
out like men who
knew their business. Alas ! that it should be so.
But these are Colonel Schuttner's "Dutchmen," as
they are called, who have been a little eccentric at
Bird's Point, going on scouting parties, and making
themselves generally active either without or with
the colonel's sanction, and so they are marched to
camp as a punishment for their want of discipline,
am informed the conduct of the troops on the whole
andhas
been
nir
very
yce is
exeratapkiaern by another battalion. I
y.

JUNE 2

I visited the earthworks at the end of the levee.
Col.Waagner was ill with the usual camp diarrhoea,
but he would insist on getting up and showing me
his performance. He has fought in many hard
fields in Europe, served in the Hungarian war, and
accompanied Kossuth to the United States. His
right-hand man, Lieut. O'Leary, was formerly a
petty officer in the British navy, served in the Furi-
' the Black Sea, and vas in the Shannon bri-