The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-28 00:00:00

TUSCANY.

A letter from Florence, dated Nov. 21, says :
" The Dictator Farini, as Governor-General of the
Romagna, has given orders for the fortification of
Bologna, and granted 500,000 f. to the beginning
of the works. It would be needless to observe that
this measure comes rather too late, if it might be
considered in any manner wise or expedient.
Bologna is a great and brave city, and with no pro:
tection but its medieval walls it opposed a stout
resistance to the Austrians in 1848, and defeafed
them. It must be allowed also, that the defence of
towns is the kind of warfare that the Italians best
understand and are best Suited for, as witness the
sieges of Rome and Venibe in 1849, and the heroic
deeds of Brescia and Bologna itself at the same
period. I made myself, lately, the tour of the walls
of Bologna, and climbed the hills which overhang
the town on- the south: I confess that 'the vast area
of the city, and the great number of hill' rising one
behind the other and commanding one another,
gave me the' impfesSion .that , nothing was easier
than to protect liOlogna from, a coup de main, but
at the same time nothing mpro .difficult than to. put
it into a permanent state—of defence, unless the
works were undertaken *on 'a gigantic 'Scale and
a whole army was thrown into it by way of
garrison. ,

A HAPPY ARISTOCRATIC CONXEXION.—The
Divorce Court opens to the public some strange domestic
histories. Miss B. has the good fortune to captivate the
Hon: 11. R., the son of an Irish Peer. They are happily
married in 1852. Three weeks Afterwards,
,before the expi-
ration of the honeymoon, Mr. 'lt. locks up his wife in a
sitting-room from 7 O'clock in, the evening till 4 the next
morning without fire or candles. They go to Calais'for a
few days, where he, beats her. Next to Brussels, where he
.tears her bonnet from her head, and forces his hat over her
eyes. From Brussels the happy pair proceed to Frankfort
in a railway compartment to themselves, in which Mr. It.
passes her time in kicking her because some' one had
looked at her at the station. At Frankfort, after this
usage, the lady faints, and upon asking for a glass of
water on recovering her senses Mr. It. forces a spoonful of
salt down her throat. Upon a journey of 20 hours from
Strasbourg to Paris the lady is not allowed to get out of the '
carriage. Next Nr. It. cuts,off his wife's hair, saying he
does so because she prizes it. About the same.time he pulls
her out of bed when ill, and threatens to strike her with a
meat-chopper: But the 'complaint of the lady which seems
the most extraordinacv, considering what she had suffered,
is that for 13 months when they lived at Brussels, the hits-.
band was in the constant habit of going away and leavinr,
her for a week at a time. One would have thought that the
poor woman would have rajoiced at these occasional sus-
pensions of marital hostilities, but perhaps Griselda's
faculty of endurance craved further trial and exercise. Cer-
tain it is that fur three years this lady submitted to treat-
ment such as has been described, and the only parallel to
her patience is that of the gentleman who told a friend he
was about to change his residence in a lonely quarter, " be-
cause," said he, " I have given it a fair trial, having been
knocked down and robbed every- nikht on my way home
for three years, and now I think it high time to be eff."
There is probably a moral in the Hon. Mrs. R.'s ease whioh
does not appear in the evidence. The character of a man
capable of such unmanly brutalities as were proved against
her husband could hardly have been concealed, and would
have deterred her from accepting him if it had not not been
for the addition of the "honourabio" to his, ShePO, e has
now expiated this tVny, ao 01-0,t4i.w.41 Up, release from her
tyrant, but at what apa of suffering! But examples of
this sort have, we fear, little effect, for aristocratic connec-
tion covers-a multitude of sins; -Surpassing charity a Utm-
died-fold.--4Caminer.

INDIA AND CHINA.

By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we (Times)
have received our private correspondence and files
of papers from Calcutta to the 22d of October, and
from Hongkong to the 13th of October.
The following is the letter of our Calcutta cone-
pondent

"CALCUTTA, OCT. 22.
" On receipt of the news of the disaster at the
Peiho the Governor-General was warmly pressed
to permit the discharged Europeans to volunteer,
with bounty, for China. His lordship refused, al-
leging, I am told, that if he offered a bribe to the
discharged, her Majesty's regiments would demand
bounty too. Mr. Bruce, also apparently in doubt
as to the support he would receive in England, ne-
glected for some time to send any official requisition
for aid to Calcutta. The men, therefore, were suf-
fered to leave the Hooghly in shiploads. At last
orders were received from England to engage them,
and as two of the last ships were leaving the river
they were stopped by telegraph, an officer sent
down, and the men requested to volunteer. Out
of 800 men all but 45 declined. The remainder
said, with some reason, We go hcme free, get a
'shy' in England,,,spe our friends, 'list, get the £5
you offer, and the new kit you don't offer, and
return free. What should we volunteer for ?'
This difficulty had been • foreseen in India, and
the Governor-General ,Was urged with no effect
to increase the terms to £lO, His lord-
ship declined. The detention of the vessels cost
£BO a day in demurrage, and what with steam
expenses and whatnot each man of the 45 who
returned to Calcutta had cost Government £2O. At
Chinsurah I am assured the failure was far more
complete, every man, of 200, refusing the offered
boon. There remains one large regimennt, the 3d,
but I hope no offer will be made to them. These
incessant failures lower the tone of all concerned,
and produce an Appearance of antagonism between
Government and its defenders. I question, myself,
whether double or even treble bounty woule have 1
had the smallest effect. The Government, with ex-
traordinary stup4l4o ,insisted on a bond of ten
years' service, and ten years to men stricken with
the homesickness raging in India just now seem an
eternity.
"A force (5,000 men) I' hear will be sent from
this country II Chin% but there is a hitch of some
kind about the Sikh 4,.. They were willing enough
to go three months ''since, and several regiments
volunteered, but there is a hitch now, though
whether it proceeds from the men or the officers,
I cannot, with the Government at Allahabad, im-
mediately ascertain.,

" A story is circulating here, apparently derived.
from a Chinese pamphlet translated in the Northern
Bee, which attributes to the Cabinet of Pekin an
idea of invading India. They will not do it, nor
would it signify if they did, but I question if your
readers are aware that such an enterprise is within
the bounds of possibility. Yet a Chinese army of
70,000 men did in 1855 drive Jung Bahadoor out
of Thibet, and advance to the frontier of Ne-
paul. The road via Sikkim, or, still •better,
via Bootan, is open . to. them, and. the Mant-
choos in despair might try in that way to create a
diversion. It would not matter. The hatred of a
Hindoo for a Chinaman is innate and unconquerable,
and we could enlist the population in a week. The
appearance of a Chinese force on our border would,
however,be a curious phenomenon inAsiatic history.
There must be extant somewhere in the archives of
the India-house a proposition made by the ruling
Llamas in Thibet to Lord Auckland, offering on
certain terms to conquer China for him and hold it
as feudatories of the Company. lam not aware of
the precise form of Lord Auckland's refusal, but a
proposal of the kind was made.
"• Reports, ono of them official, announcing the
death:of the Nana, have been received in Calcutta
from Katmandu°. They are not. believed. Accord-
, ing to the latest,accounts, he was levying recruits
on our frontier, and threatening to annihilate
Lucknow, or ;.blow up St. Paul's, or commit some
deed of equalrabsurdity. He has about 6,000 ruf-
fians with him, half armed and more than half
starved, and the Nepaulese troops are at last ad-
vancing on his rear.
" The report of his death from jungle fever was,
it is suspected, spread by the Nepaulese to avoid
the necessity of surrendering him when taken.•
" Orders are expected here immediately to com-
plete the submarine telegraphic communication be-
tween' Calcutta'and Singapore."

CHINA.
HONG KONG, OCT. 13.
Our relations with the Chinese at the various
ports continue as before, and there have been no
fresh disturbances at Shanghai. An inimical feel-
ing, however, appears to exist, n/i,l fnr.;Eviora- co.n
no- longer go into the country with safety as here-
tofore" :His Excellency the Hon. Frederick Bruce
remains at Shanghai. Admiral Hope arrived here
'in her Majesty's ship Chesapeake, on the 9th inst.,'
and we are glad to learn that he has quite recovered
from his wounds. We understand he will remain
here for some time, •

FronvJapan we learn. that matters remain on a
very unsatisfactory footing, and the Government
throw all sorts of obstacles in the way of a friendly
settlement according to treaty. The murder of a
Russian officer and sailor has brought about the
dismissal of the Governor of Kanagawa, and it is
stated that General Mouravieff, the Governor-
General of Siberia, 'who was present with 12 ships
of war, has taken advantage of the opportunity to
obtain the lower portion of the island of Saghalien
for the Russian crown. We cannot vouch, how-.
ever, for the correctness of this report.
The last mail steamer brought as a passenger
Admiral Page, who proceeds shortly to Turon to
take command of the French forces there and relieve
Admiral Rigault de Genouilly, who has suffered
much from illness during the latter ppt of the
campaign. Late. intelligence from Cochin China
reports the health of the troops as improved.
The London mail of the 26th of August arrived,
here on the Bth inst. The outward mail leaves at
2 p.m. to-day.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE CALCUTTA MARKET.
SATURDAY, OCT. 22.
The steamer Candia, with the mail of the 10th ult., ar-
rived on the Ilth inst. On the same day the telegram from
Bombay brou,gistuVilbws from London to the 19th ult. Let-
ters and papers* this date were brought in by express on
tile morning of the 19th inst.
The Produce-market,—Buliness has hardly been resumed
after the long holidays whiclf terminated on the 12th inst.
Very little has yet been in any article of produce. Indigo
estimates continue as before. In sugar nothing doing for
Great Britain. Saltpetre in better demand, and value
higher.
Import-market.—A decidedly better feeling prevailed in
the market during the last fortnight.
Money-market.—Money continues plentiful, the /ate of
interest being nominal.

HONG KONG, OCT. 13.
Our import market has been dull, but within a few days
a demand has arisen in Canton for gray shirtings, of which
considerable sales have been made, principally in barter for
•
tea.

Cotton.--Botnbay, 5,800 balps sold, stock about 9,000
bales. Good to fine, taels 11.4 to. 12 taels ; medium to good,
10 taels to 11 taels ' • common, & taels to 9 taels.
Cotton Yarn.-655 bales' sold, of which a good deal was
taken in barter at Canton.
Canton silk has further advanced,' in consequence of de-
mand for native consumption :and small stocks. Settle-
ments are only 120 piculs, say at an advance of 10 dolls. "to
.20 flolls. -on. former r el.
Tea.—The market '
as been active, and, including con-
tract chops, settlernen 8 amount to fully 50 chops. 33 taels
a.t.
to 36 taels have been paid Ayr some favourite chops of' the
finest kind, of which there: are only 20 to 25 chops in the
market. Present stocittis about 80 chops. Arrivals have
been fair., Prices show a decline of about 5 taels to 6 taels
on opening rates. .

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
HONG KONG, OCT. 17.
ARRIVALS FROM GREAT BRITAIN.
At Hong Kong, Oct. 7—The Scawfell, from Newport.
Oct. 9—The Asia, from Newcastle.
At Shanghai, Sept. 19—The Squaw, from Newcastle.
Sept. 21—The Conheath, from Swansea.
DEPATURES TO GREAT BRITAIN.
From [Hong Kong, Oct. B.—The Jessie Beazley, for
poool.

•
From Macao, Sept. 29:—The Norhfleet, for London.
From Whampoa, Sept. 26—The Annandale, for London.
Cot. ,I.—The Robin Hood, for London.

From Foochow, Sept. 30.-=The Excelsior, for London.
From Shanghai, Sept. 24. —The Wagoola, the Abdul
Medjid, the Earl of Southdsk, and the Eastfield, all for
'London.