The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-08 00:00:00

A PLEA FOR CENTRAL ITALY.

An able paper by the patriotic statesman Massimo
D'Azeglio indicates the character and meaning of
recent events, and defends the people of Central
Italy from the charges brought against them. The
writer first demands an European Congress, and
continues :

" Granted, then, that the Congress meets ; in
what aspect will Italy appear before it ?
"We do not speak now of Piedmont and its
King, who is now bound up for life and for death
in the Italian cause, and who will know how to
defend it in the council chambers of diplomacy, as
he knew how to keep flying the banner on the fields
of Palestro and Solferino. We do not speak of
Rome, nor of Naples, Governments still in conflict
with the public opinion of Europe as well as with
.their own subjects, and only intent on repressing
and misconstruing the aspirations of the latter.
Let us rather examine the conditions of that part.of
Italy which, being now left wholly to its own con-
trol, has full power to show that it really is, and
may therefore be considered as the true expression
of the majority, in the Italian peninsula.
" Tuscany, Romagna, Modena, and Parma, from
the year 1821 to the present day, yielded obedience
to their respective Sovereigns solely from being
compelled by the violence of the Austrian military
occupations. What instead did these Sovereigns
tell Europe ? What did Austria tell Europe ?
They said that a few factious men, that a few rest-
less spirits, kept alive the ferment in the popula-
tion which but for their efforts would have lived
most happily under their governinents.
" What happened the moment that the defeats of
Austria compelled her soldiers to withdraw to the
left bank of the Po ?

" Had the case supposed by Austria been correct,
we ought to have seen these few factious men rush-
ing to the palaces of the various Sovereigns in order
to hurl them from their thrones, we ought to have
seen the majority of the people combating these
factious men and tearing them in pieces before they
ever reached the palaces ; or at least, if we must.
suppose :that the whole mass allowed itself to be
struck with terror by a few discontented indivi-
duals, we ought at least to have beheld the entire
population desolate, weeping bitterly at the fall of
their most excellent masters.

" Well ; what has really happened is widely
different. We have neither seen factious men as-
sailing the princes, nor faithful subjects defending
them. We have seen the princes stepping into their
carriages and driving away, and subjects drawn up
in line on both sides of the street to see them take
their departure without one indication either of
favour or of hostility, with the aspect of persons
contemplating an event the most natural in the
world, and which the whole world had already
anticipated.
" Tuscany, Romagna, and Modena were left
without any government ; and we may observe that
it would seem to be the duty of every head of a
state to make arrangements undef whatever cir-
cumstances for the maintenance of public tranquil-
lity. And especially in the case of these princes,
who were described as so passionately beloved by
their subjects, and merely the victims of a few fac-
tious men, this duty ought to have been fulfilled
with all the zeal which gratitude could inspire.
" Now, it is right that out of Italy the truth
should at length be known. During the last half
century, as often as the Austrian Vice Consuls rul-
ing in Italy were overthrown by a national move-
ment, it was their regular tactics to abandon not
very honourably their states, without confiding to
any one the supreme authority, and rather to seek
in every possible way to make matters worse, in
order that disorders might arise sufficiently serious
to arouse the apprehension and indignation of
Europe to render by such means their own govern-
ments less intolerable, and to induce the people to
hail their restoration as a prospect of relief and
rest.

" As aproof of the truth of what we now affirm.

we would point to the conduct of the Papal govern-
ment in, 1849, and to its constant refusal to listen
to the deputations sent by the Romans to the Pope
at Gaeta, for the purpose of maintaining with him
the ties of allegiance—a refusal which reduced
Rome to the necessity of constituting itself as a re-
public. Another proof is furnished by the conduct
of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, copied with few
variations from that of the Court of Rome, and by
that almost exactly similar of the sovereigns of
Modena and Parma.

" There is another fact which may also be little
known to Europe. and less intelligible to those who
are ignorant of the dark by-ways and the thousand
machinations of the Austro-Jesuitical party to the
injury of Italy, but a fact most painfully striking
to us who have been its witnesses, the fact of the
constant provocation of secret agents concealed be-
neath the mask of outrageous patriots.
" During the movement of 1848-49 we have all
known newspaper scribes publicly preaching their
theories, and audacious tribunes of the people but
too successful in hurrying on the most ignorant and

inflammable portion of the population to extrava-
gance and extreme courses. We have all seen them,
I say, on the return of the Austrian armies, walking
about our cities arm in arm with its officers, laugh-
ing in the faces of those very persons whom they
had made their dupes.
"We shall see now if the Italy of 1859 will
allow itself to be caught in the same snare. We do
not believe it. But it does not appear to us useless
to have thus publicly denounced to the conscience
of honest men of all nations this example of the
perfidy of that party which, by its incessant denial
of all justice to the Italian
.populations, compels
them to demand it from all civilised governments,
and which then, by means of its agents, drives them
on to acts of violence and crime, in order to justify
an armed intervention which may replace them
under its full authority.
" It seems to us, then, proved that not a few fac-
tious men, but all the citizens of the States of Cen-
tral Italyt are unanimous in demanding justice
against the Austro-Jesuitical party, and against the
princes who represent it. This justice they have
executed themselves, when from the most authori-
tative of lips there was announced to them the
manneiby which they might become free citizens
of a great nation.
" The Italian cities have not risen up in an out-
burst of popular fury, they have not slain the re-
presentatives of power, nor their women, nor their
old men, nor their children, as happened afterwards
in Perugia, through the work of the mercenary sol-
diers of the Pope. Thousands of individuals hastened
in small parties to range themselves beneath the
national banner ; they hastened, leaving their fami-
lies by stealth, as if hiding themselves after the com-
mission of a crime, in order not to have any collision
with the police, or to incur the risk of exciting
troubles ; and so little were they intent on forming
plots against their governments, that in the Roman
States, just because the Swiss troops found Perugia
quite empty of its youth, they could treat it as all
the world knows ; and had not the recruits of the
Romagna been at hand, who were training in order
that when their regiments were once formed they
might join the camp of the allies, the provinces of
the Romagna would have been treated after pre-
cisely the same fashion.
" And after the course observed unanimously by
Central Italy towards its governments—after that,
by the will of Providence and by the least credible
of events, it has found itself in complete libertyand
independence—what spectacle did Tuscany present?
What spectacle Romagna ? What the Duchies ?
What employment did the people make of their full
and absolute freedom ? What vent did they give
to the long indignation lurking in their hearts?
What was their vengeance for all the ignoble
double-dealing, for the imprisonments, for the tor-
tures, for the banishments, from the scaffolds of
their governments ?
" The vent which they gave, the vengeance which
they wreaked was this :—Their princes, as we have
seen, drove off peaceably in their carriages, which
(excepting the Duchess of .Parma) brought them
into the Austrian camp. She at least contrived to
terminate by an act of ability, because one of hu-
manity, a rule fashioned on the same model as that
of the other anti-national princes.
" The functionaries and adherents of the fallen
governments have not so much as a hair touched,
not one particle of their property was taken from
them. The men of these countries, divided in times
past by party rancour and by personal hatred, the
rudest and most ignorant individuals of certain pro-
vinces, become corrupted and degraded by bad
rulers, and prone to sanguinary revenge, appeared,
so to speak, to awaken to a new life, to change their
nature, to open their hearts to noble and honest
sentiments. The thought that Italy had need of all
ner sons, that she wished themunited, passed along
like an electric spark, obliterated fatal memories
and passions, end all wills panted for order, for
discipline, and for self-sacrifice. Such is the aspect
under which Italy presents herself before a Con-
gress, such is the spectacle which she now offers to,
the world, a spectacle worthy to draw down ther
gaze of angels, and which must touch the heart of
every honest man, however severe his judgments
upon, however hostile his feelings towards, Italy.
Well, the adherents of the Austro-Jesuitical
party have dared to assert, and to diffuse the asser-
tion, that the provinces of Romagna were a prey to
all the horrors of disorder and revolution.

I owe it to my country and to myself to bear
witness to the truth, and therefore do r now come
forth and present myself before the tribunal of pub-
lic opinion, and I declare, on my honour, to Europe,
that for long years the Romagna provinces have
never been as tranquil as they are at the present
moment, and the same thing may be affirmed re-
specting- the rest of Central Italy.
"All this I declare on my honour. and I am glad

And as compared with the month ending the 31st of July
1858, the above returns show an increase of £1,538,174
in the circulation of notes in England, and an increase of
£2,340,505 in the circulation of the Unitgl Kingdom.
On comparing the above with the fixed issues of the seve-
ral banks the following is the state of the circulation :
rho English private banks are below their fixed
issue ................................... £1,039,286
The English joint-stock banks are below their
fixed issue

£374,792

Total below fixed issue in England.... £1,414,078
The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue .. £1,226,706
The Irish banks are above their fixed issue .... £1,539
The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng-
land in both departments during the month ending the 27th
of July was £17,798,196, being a decrease of £286,973 as
compared with the previous month, and an increase of
£603,430 when compared with the same period last year.
The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch
and Irish banks during the month ending the 30th July:—
Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks £2,391,506
Gold and silver held by the Irish banks 2,251,633

£4,643,139
Being a decrease' of £109,260 as compared with the
previous return, and a decrease of £59,269 when compared
with the corresponding period of last year.

RECORD OF WRECKS.---We publish our usual
monthly summary of wrecks, from which it appears that
during the month of August the number of wrecks reported
in our columns was 127. In the month of January there
were 177, in February 165, in March 151, in April 159, in
May 110, in June 94, and in July 81, making a total during
the pre6eut year of I,o64.—Shipping and Mercantile
Gazette.

(ADvEwrisEmENT.]-11olloway's Ointment and Pills.—
..Diphtheria, Sore Throat, Glandular Swellings.—Some 20
years ago diphtheria raged in Paris to an alarming extent,
and in Boulogne in 1855 its presence produced consterna-
tion by the desolation it left in its track, and gained the
appellation of the "Egyptian Pestilence." Diphtheria is a
variety of typhoid fever, perfectly under curative control
by Holloway s Ointment and Pills, which assuage the
fever, diminish the thirst, disperse swollen glands, prevent
inflammation in the throat, and speedily heal the hazardous
ulcerations on the tonsils which always accompany the
complaint. Various are the remote causes of this pesti-
lenbe, but impure blood directly produces it, thus Holloway's
preparations, by filtering everything deleterious from that
vital fluid, ward off the disease.
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