The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-10 00:00:00

in neither have differences of opinion with re-
gard to religion paralysed the spirit of patriotism.
Though the religion of the State is Catholic, and
though the Protestants being a small minority of
the population, receive no endowments from the
State, their ardour for national freedom is at least
as intense as that of the Roman Catholics. One of
the most respected inhabitants of the town of De-
breczin, a Protestant gentleman who had himself
undergone imprisonment during seven years, on
account of the part he took in 1849 in support of
the national cause, exclaimed, Unum Deum, unanz
patriam habenzus,' when describing to me the state
of feeling which prevails amnog the Protestants of
Hungary. When will this noble sentiment, We
have one GOD and one country,' be uttered alike by
the Catholics and Protestants of Ireland ?"

Mr. O'BRIEN describes the present administra-
tive measures of Austria in Hungary as intolerable,
and as designed to drive the country to premature
rebellion, with the idea that it will be etoier to
repress it now than it might be at some future
period. There is, however, he says, a calm and
patient determination to abide their time. They
are confident in their cause, and can afford to wait
till events, so much within the range of pro-
bability, may enable them to make their
own terms. They regard the Austri%n Empire
as a slumbering volcano—resting on one, we
suppose is meant—Venice and the Italian provinces
of Austria are irreconcileably discontented, Hun-
gary is discontented, Galicia is discontented, Bohe-
mia is discontented. It is said that even Tyrol is
discontented. In the event of a war undertaken by
France in favour of these nationalities and of Poland,
the physical force of a great part of Europe, and the
sympathies of a still greater portion of mankind,
would be enlisted against Austria, and also against
Russia, in case Russia were again, as in
1849, to reinforce the crumbling power of
Austria. Rrussia, however, will have quite
enough to do to reinforce herself. Amidst
all that others see, or think they see, however,
Austria herself sees nothing. Even to-day we hear
of two more Comitats or county assemblies being
suppressed because they voted resolutions concurring
in that of the Comitat of Pesth against the dissolu-
tion of the Diet. We thank Mr. O'BRIEN for his
letter. We would suggest to him, however, that
he has overlooked one or two little things in one
part. England did not coerce Ireland to send her
representatives to the Imperial Parliament—an
Irish Parliament voted the union. If they were
bribed that was their own fault. And as to depopu-
lation, the wretched habits of his countrymen, both
landlords and peasants, must answer for that. The
famine cost England enough, but the POPE and
potatoes together were enough to depopulate any
country.

2HE RESTRICTIVE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACT
OF 1844, THE BANE 01? INDIA AS WELL AS
OF ENGLAND.

TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN.

Sin,—lncalculable is the loss both to India and
England occasioned by the death of the Right Hon.
J. Wilson, and the consequent upsetting of his
financial scheme for India by his successor, the
Hon. Samuel Laing, under the direction of Sir
Charles Wood, the Secretary for India.

The merchants and manufacturers of Manchester,
at their late meeting with Mr. Laing, petitioned
him to facilitate the growth and transport of cot-
ton, and to lower the import duty on their manu-
factures; and this he virtually promised to do, so
soon as he had money to spare.
Would he not have had money to spare for these
vital purposes had he not subverted Mr. Wilson's
scheme ?
And have not the merchants and manufacturers
of Manchester themselves, in a great degree, been to
blame for this result, from the support they
have constantly given to the unprincipled Act of
1844, an Act devoid of all principle, scientific and
moral ? Mr. Wilson's plan was gradually and cau-
tiously to economise the metallic currency of India,
estimated to amount to £21,000,000, by the substi-
tution of Government notes for metal to the extent
of two-thirds of the amount (these notes to be
issued against Government securities and payable
in specie on demand), and the remaining third to
be issued against bullion. This plan would ulti-
mately have placed £14,000,000 of money at the
disposal of the Finance Minister for India, to have
met the wants and wishes of Manchester, and pro-
bably at the gradual rate of £2,000,000 a year.
Mr. Wilson's object was to introduce a sound
paper currency into India, with the intention of
saving the expense of the metal, and setting so
much money at liberty. The effect of Mr. Laing's,
or rather Sir C. Wood's, amendment is the very
reverse. It reduces the paper currency from
£s,ooo,ooo—the amount previously issued by the
banks of the Presidencies—to £4,000,000.
Nor is this the sole superiority of Mr. Wilson's
scheme. As the trade of India increases (and in-
crease it must enormously, frem the capability
which India possesses of becoming a powerful rival
to America in the supply of cotton), more money
will be necessary to carry it on; more silver will
be required from Europe ; more gold will be taken
from the Bank of England to procure it ; and the
Bank rate of discount will have to be raised. This
tendency to make money dearer would have been
diminished by Mr. Wilson's, but is aggravated by
Mr. Laing's scheme.
principle for the formation
of WaenreatilNoinra.
national Wilson'scurrey issuing. two-thirds of
the amount in notes based on Government Securi-
ties,c
and payable in specie on demand, and the re-
maining one-third against bullion, to be applied both
to India and Great Britain, it would not only place
L 14,000,000 at the disposal of the Finance Minister.
for India, but also £30,000,000 at the disposal of
the Chancellor of the Exchequer for Great Britain.
Then would the monetary system of both empires
be based on the true principle of Free-trade in
sound money, instead of, as at present, upon
monopoly in, and unnecessary restrictions on, the
issue of the medium of exchange.—l am, sir,
your obedient servant,

HAMER STANSFELD.
Highfield, Windermere, Oct. 8, 1861.

Her Majesty the Queen will hold a Privy Coun
cii to• morrow (Friday) at Balmoral.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam-
bridge and the Princess Mary arrived at St. James's Palace
yesterday from Germany.
The Duchess Dowager of Beaufort and Mr. and
he Lady Henrietta Morant are passing the season at Lea-
mington.

The Marquis and Marchioness Cholmondeley left
Carlton-house-terrace on Tuesday for Cholmondeley Castle,
Cheshire, for the winter.

,
The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter and
family left town on Saturday last for Burghley House,
Stamford.

The Marchioness (Frances Anne) of London-
derry has arrived at Seaham Hall, Durham, from Garron
Towers, Ireland.
The Earl and Countess Delawarr have left town
on a visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, at
Hatfield House.

Lord and Lady Colchester have left town on a
visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury at Hat-
field House.

Viscount and Lady Mary Sandon have Bandon
Hall, Staffordshire, the week after next, for a tour in Italy.

Viscount Cranbourne and Mr. Johnstone are
expected in town in a few days, from the Continent.
The Earl of Lucan has arrived at his residence
in South-street, from his seat in Ireland,

We are requested to contradict the report of the
serious illness of the Earl of Yarborough. His lordship has
not had another attack of paralysis, but has been suffering
since Sunday last from an attack of gout, from which he is
now recovering. His lordship's general health has of late
much improved.

Viscount and Viscountess Campden had the
honour of entertaining their Royal Highnesses the Duo and
Duchesse d'Aumale and the Prince do Condi on Thursday
last, at Campden House, the ancient family seat, in
Gloucestershire.

Mr. and Lady Mary Craven come to town to
morrow from visiting the Earl and Countess of Chesterfield,
at Bretby Park.

The Right Hon. W. F. Cowper, M.P., and Mrs.
Cowper arrived at their residence in Curzon-street, yester-
day, from a tour on the Continent.

LIVERPOOL WOOL SALES, Oct. B.—The fourth
series of our public sales opened this evening with 2,094
bales East India. There is a very large attendance of both
home and foreign buyers, the biddings are spirited, and
Prices on the average about ld. per lb. higher than last July
rates, the advance being greatest on grays of all kinds ; in
some cases as much as 2d. per lb.

The East India Railway Company have just cow
pleted the issue of £1,500,000 of debentures. They were
originally offered last December, and are inconvertible into
stock. The present borrowing powers of the company are
now exhausted.

THE WEATHER IN FRANCE.—The Journal de
Rouen says :—The heat continues in Paris as at Rouen with
extraordinary intensity for the season. The chestnut-trees
on the promenades are again in bloom, and in a garden at
Bagnolet, on the east of Paris, may be seen a vine which
bears at the same time clusters of ripe grapes and bunches
of blossoms: Vines and pear trees may be also seen in bloom
at and near Rouen.

AN ENEMY OFF PORTSMOUTH.—On Tuesday
evening a party of the Naval cadets from her Majesty's ship
Britannia were bathing, as is their custom, on the beach
between the harbour's mouth and Haslar Hospital, when a
peculiar object was observed on the surface of the water, at
no great distance from the bathers, by some seamen and the
watermen of a boat which was coming into the harbour
under sail from the ships of war at Spithead. On drawing
near the object it was discovered to be the dorsal fin of a
huge shark, which, with his head towards the bathers, was
apparently engaged in watching theirZproceedings with
great interest. The close proximity of the boat, however,
appeared to disturb his cogitations, for the brute, with
scarcely any perceptible effort, sheered off at great speed
into deep water. Shortly afterwards he was seen cruising
off the bathing machines at Southsea. Measures have been
taken to effect his capture if possible.

THE MAILS, &C.—SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 9.—The
Royal Mail Company's steamship Magdalena, Captain R.
Woolward, sailed hence this afternoon, with the mails for
Lisbon, Cape Verde, the Brazils, and River Plate. She
takes out 113 passengers, among whbm are Captain C.
Motel, for St. Vincent; Captain Treloar ; and the Rev. G.
G. IV. Clemenger, for Rio, &c. ; and on freight £12,285 in
specie from England (of which £3,785 is in gold coin and
£8,500 in bar silver) £968 in gold from France ; English
jewellry, valay £l,OlO ; French ditty, value I'/,81/3; and a
full cargo of British and foreign merchandise. The Ham-
burg-American Company's screw steamer Teutonia, Capt.
Taube, also left to-day for New York, taking the United
States' mails, 213 passengers, 11,000 f. in specie from Havre,
and a full cargo, of which 900 tons were shipped at this
port.

On the arrival of the outward-bound mail steamer
Arabia from Liverpool at Queenstown a dreadful accident
occurred to one of the vessel's crew. The Arabia had just
come to her moorings, and was about being made fast,
slowly moving her engines at intervals, when a fireman,
named Peter Scully, incautiously approached too near the
machinery, when he was drawn yet further in, and in
another instant the side lever jammed his head against an
adjoining portion of the works, crushing the head of the
unfortunate man. No hopes are entertained of his recovery,
DEATH FROM PAS SION .—An awfully sudden
death, under most painful circumstances, took place on
Monday last at the village of Sherwood, near Nottingham.
It appears that Mr. William Hill, a lacemaker, was pre-
paring his breakfast on the morning in question, when a
neighbour named Eli Worthington came to the door, and
began to aggravate Hill by using abusive language. Hill's
son, upon hearing this abuse, went out, and as Worthing-
ton was in a fighting attitude the former struck the latter,
and they fought a round. The neighbours parted them,
but Worthington wanted to fight again. The elder Hill
got into a great passion, urging on his son to continue the
fight, exclaiming, " Go into him ; give him as much as you
can! Get on the highest ground !" after which he fell
upon his side in the door way and immediately expired.
An inquest on the body was held the same evening, when
the jury returned their verdict, "That the deceased died
from great excitement by the sudden visitation of God."

It appears that the arrangement effected on Mon-
day by the Bank of France has been made with Messrs.
Rothschild and five other Paris banking houses, and is to
the effect that the Bank are to have, through these firms,
the power to draw bills upon London to the amount of
£2,000,000, of which £1,000,000 will be on Messrs. Roths-
child, and £1,000,000 on Messrs. Baring. The knowledge
of this circumstance has produced a slight decline—about
per cent.—in the rate of exchange, and when the draw-
ing of the bills commences a further downward movement
must be expected, but it is not considered likely that the
reaction will be to a point that will attract gold from Lon-
don. The measure will probably not do more than check
for the present the drain of specie from Paris to this side.
At the maturity of the bills, which will be drawn at three
months' date, the amount will have to be repaid unless a
renewal be obtained, and the rate of la xeli all ge at that perinfi
will be proportionably influenced in our favour. On the
other hand, the difficulty in France, if affairs should not
meanwhile take a better course, will then return, and, per-
haps, with increased force from the present postponement.
It may be hoped, however, that the results of the excellent
vintage and other circumstances will operate to bring about
some restoration of trade and confidence.
An "affair of honour," arising out of the unusually
warm and angry discussion on the Waterworks Bill, which
took place at the meeting of the Town Council on Monday
last, came before Mr. Allen, divisional justice, at the head
police-office, yesterday. It appears that on Monday even-
ing Mr. Francis Morgan, law agent to the corporation,
sent a hostile " message" to Dr. Gray, !in which he de-
signated the attack made on him by the latter as savage
and cowardly, accused him:of wilful misrepresentation of
facts, and :demanded personal satisfaction. naming Prance
as the place of meeting, the time—within a week, if con-
venient—to be settled, and the necessary preliminaries ar-
ranged, by their respective " friends." Dr. Gray set forth
the letter in an information, and having deposed that he
was apprehensive of personal violence from Mr. Morgan,
obtained a warrant for his arrest. It was not, however,
necessary to execute the warrant, as an intimation was
conveyed to Mr. Morgan from the justice that his presence
was required, and he undertook to appear. At four o'clock
he attended at the police-office, and complied with the rule
of the bench by entering into a recognisance, himself in
£4OO, and two sureties in £2OO each, to keep the peace
towards Dr. Gray for a period of three years.
DARING ACT OF PERAMBULATORSHIF.---We are
accustomed to complain of servants, and to declare that they
are careless, inattentive, thoughtless, destructive for the
mere pleasure of destruction, and we don't know what else.
Now we boldly maintain the contrary. One fact will suf-
fice. We have just been witnessing a nursery-girl (she
could not have been more than 13) wheel a a pe:ambulator,
with two children in it, down the steps by the Duke of
York's column. It's a fact. Bump—bump went the slender
vehicle, as it descended each step, and thump—thump went
our poor heart as we watched the gradual descent of the
vehicle. We expected an accident every minute. We
rushed forward to offer our assistance, but there was not the
slightest occasion of human help. With wonderful nerve
she guided the frail machine. Nothing could have ex-
ceeded her wonderful self-possession but her consummate
skill I At last—and those thumping five minutes were to
us more than an age of stifling suspense—she accomplished
the daring act, and it was done as coolly as you would eat
an ice. And must miraculous—not a single baby was spilt!!
We would not have tried that perilous feat--no, not for all
the wills and plate-chests in Coutts's cellar. Yet we have
heard ladies peevishly declare that servants do not take
sufficient care of the children I—Punch.

TPIE PORT OF VERA CRUZ.—The following is
the commercial review of the port of Vera Cruz, as com-
piled by Don F. de P. Serrano, by order of the Government,
by which it appears that the importations for the year 1860
were—provisions valued at 1,854,757 dots. ; manufactures,
7,467,566 dots. ; metals, 233,924 dots. ; and assorted
merchandise, 3,642,031 dols. ; together 13,198,278 dots.
This amount of foreign merchandise is entered at the Cus-
tom-house from the ports of Liverpool, 4,540,331 dole. ;
Havre, 2,514,149 d9ls. ; Hamburg, 1,922,433 dots. ; New
Orleans, 1,546,573 dela. ; Havannah, 697,073 dots. ; Bor-
deaux, 505,111 dole. ; New York, 488,701 dots. ; Antwerp
200,041 dots. ; Malaga and Genoa, 241,253 ; Boston,
116,782 dots. ; Barcelona and Cadiz, 330,019 dots. ;
Maracaibo, 65,488 dots.; Pensacola, 11,596 dots.;
Newcastle, 6,745 dots. ; and Mobile, 1,976 dots. The
trade of the last year will be seen by the returns of the past
five years, from which it appears that the value of the
imports for the year 1856 were 17,720,582 dots. ; 1857,
11,224,415 delft. ; 1858, 10,033,569 dots. ; 1859, 14,027,920
dots.; and 1860, 13,198,278 dols ; together, 66,204,764
dols.,'or an annual average of 13,240,953 dots. The exports
for the same time were—to Southampton, 5,345,225 dots. ;
New Orleans, 943,336 dots. ; New York, 237,361 doss. ;
Havre, 97,203 dots.; Bordeaux, 86,994 dole. ; Havannah,
77,983 dots. ; Hamburg, 59,823 dols. ; Cadiz, 15,100 dots. ;
Liverpool, 9,912 dots. ; Antwerp, 7,496,d015. ; and Genoa,
3,200 dots. ; together, 6,883,633 dots. The exports for
1856 were 8,942,988 dots. ; 1857, 11,384,765 dols. ; 1858,
2,915,576 dots. ; 1859, 5,865,310 dots. ; and 1860,
6,883,633 dots.; total, 35,983,272; making the ave-
rage 7,196,654 dots. per annum, or little more than
50 per cent, of the value of the imports during
the same time. The exports of gold and silver were, in
1856, gold, 512,722 dols.; 1857, 261,317 dots.; 1858, 117,161
dols.; 1859, 189,475 dots.; and in 1860, 290,936 dots.;
together, 1,371,641 dots. Silver during the same years,
28,851,868 dots. The duties collected during the past
year on imports amounted to 3,440,821 dots.; of this
amount the national Treasury did not receive the whole.
The pilotage, lighthouse, municipal, public improvements,
and tonnage dues are assigned. The "amortization of
debt" is a payment heretofore made in Interior Bonds.
This impost has lately been changed for a new one in
favour of the railroad enterprise. The Treasury receives
little more than 50 per cent. of the duties collected at Vera
Cruz, and nearly the whole of this is supposed to be

absorbed by foreign and native holders et claims upon
the stational revenues.