The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-28 00:00:00

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BENSON'S WATCHE'S.
" Perfection of mechanism.".—Morning Post.
Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas.
Silver Watches
33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C.

Bend 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches

ROYAL E 1 GUSH OPERA
COVENT-GA RDEN.
Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W. Harrison

THIS EVENING, THE ROSE. OF CASTIL LE. Messrs.
Santley, G. Honey, St. Albyn, and W. Harrison. Miss Ttlrl-
wall, and Miss Louisa Pyne.

Conductor, Alfred 14rellon

Ballet, LA FIANCEE. Messrs. W. H. Payne, 11. Payne
F. Payne, Mdlle. Lequine, Pasquale, Pierron, Clara Morgan
and Nfons. Vandris.

Doors open at half-past 7—Commence at 8 o'clock.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET
Lesgee, Mr. J. B. Btickstonc.
THTA ETENTN(I the perfermances will enmmenee with
A BOLD STROKE FOR A WIFE. Mr. and Mrs. Charles
Mathews.
After which, THE BACHELOR OF ARTS.
ori2inal character), Mr. C. Mathews,
And fiA. L LOWE' EN.

Jasper (his

Commende It 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.

THIS EVENING. the performsnees will carnmence with
a new Petite Comedy, entitled GOSSIP. Messrs. Ryder,
Meadows, Shore; Miss Wadham and Mm C. Young.
After which, a new farce, in one act, entitled NURSEY
CHICKWEED. Messrs. Widdicomb, Meadows, H. Saker ;
Miss L. Keeley and Mrs. Weston.
To be followed by THE MASTER PASSION. Messrs.
Ryder, G. Melville, Graham, R. Cathcart, Garden.; Miss C.
Lec ercq and Mrs. Charles Young.

MEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
11 Sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. Beni. Webster.

THIS EVENING, THE DEAD _HEART. Messrs
B. Webster. J. L. Toole, David Fisher, Paul Bedford. Stuart,
Billinzton, C. J. 'Smith, Eburne, Moreland; 31188 Woolgar,
and Miss K. Kelly.

Followed by the successful piece of extravagance, called
DINORAII UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Messrs. J. L. Toole,
P. Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box-
Office oven from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats,
nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
establishment are strictly prohibited.
Acting Manager—Mr. Win. Smith.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEU3L—SoIe Lessee
and Directress, Madame Celeste.

THIS EVENING, a new Drama Fantastique, entitled
PARTS AND PLEASURE ; or, Home and Happiness.
Principal characters by Messrs. W. Lacy. J. Vining, J. John-
stone, F. Villiers ; Misses Julia St. (;eorge, Hudspeth, Kate
Saville, A. Burdett, and Madame Celeste.

Previous to the commencement of the performance Madame
Celeste will deliver an Address.

To conclude with the Farce of THE PHENOMENON IN
A SMOCK FROCK. John Buttercup, Mr. Rouse, from the
Theatre-royal Bath (his first appearance in London).

ROY AL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West-
minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen-
gers all hours of the night.
THIS EVENING, a new Comedy, LONDON PRIDE ; or,
Living for Appearances. Messrs. R. Robins, Barrett,
Charles Young; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Murray, and
Nelly Moore.
After which, the new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled
THE SWAN AND EDGAR. Messrs. Barrett, Francis,
Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and the Corps
de Ballet.
To conclude with WINTERBOTTOMS.

Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, ls. The Box-ofEce open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform
twee commences at 7.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.

Sole Lessee—fir. William Cooke, hie Farewell Season.

Seventh Week of the new Drama, by Tom Taylor, Esq..
called GARIBALDI ; illustrating the principal events in the
Life of the Great Italian General. Supported by Mr. R.
Phillips, Ennis Belmore.Raymond, Miss Kate Carson, 'Ste.
Full Stud of Beautiful Horses—Scenes in the Circle by John
Henry Cooke, Herr Hartz, the Devil Rider Misses Clarissa,
Rosina, Francisco. and La Petite Eleanora—Wonderful Per-
forming Elephant—Comical and Extraord;nary Parisian
Dogs and Monkeys, from the Cirque l'lmperatrice, Paris.—
G ymnastic Professors —Facetious Clowns.
To conclude with a laughable Farce called CLEAN YOUR
BOOTS.

Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips

CANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EV ENING.—The Music of Verdi'm Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs).

And a Grand Seeetion from Meyerbeer's new opera of
DINORAH.

Comic Vocalists —Messrs. fleome "Tolson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic). W. 'r. Critchfield, and R. NV. Mackney.
. . .

- -
Several interestinz Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have burn re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
Bights of the metropolis.
ROSS BON FIE 1.," It' S celebrated PICTURE of the HOUSE
FAIR is now added to the already mao-niticent Collection of
Paintings in the Canterbury ITall Fine Arts Gallery. The
gallery is ope.i from 9 a.m. till t 2 p.m. Admission, Six-
pence.

THE WEATHER.—S*3N OFFICE. NoVEMBER 27.
THERNIAMETEIL, IN THE SHADB.
56 —highest since noon yesterday.
4 3 —loweA this morning and during the night.
49—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-30,
WIND, North-Westerly; rather fresh and cool.
Nov. 28.

THERMOMETER., IN THE SHADE.
50—highest since noon yesterday.
4G—lowest this morning and during the night.
46—this day at noon.
BAROMETER—DOWIL to 29.85, now up to 29.90.
WIND. North-Westerly ; rather fresh and cold, with
fine winter weather. Heavy rain in the night.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tuts DAY.—Morning, 3h. 55m.—Afternoon, 4h. Um.
To-moRROw.-Morning, y4h. 33m.—Afternoon, 4b. 52m.

401,
24.1
4,
V-0 4 .1*
%
. _ -
I, a At. 7• " "

THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, NOV. 28, 1859.

The sudden visit of Earl CowLEY seems to
imply that our friendly Ally is not very well at
ease, either with himself or with respect to the
compromise entered into at Villafranca. Though
that nondescript juggle has been carried out so
far by diplomatic manceuvering, still it wants the
moral sanction of other parties who ere no parties
to the compromise. That the Emperor NAPOLEON
has acted too hastily on the impulse of the mo-
ment is now proved, not only by his own
confession, but in his eagerness to get the other
powers of Europe to deliberate on what is next
best to be done, so as to extricate him from the
perplexities of the " situation." • On the other
hand, the Emperor of Austria is restive, and will
not be appeased unless the " abominable Dukes"
be restored to the power they have so flagrantly
abused. While England, on the other hand, can-
not reconcile it to her conscience to allow the
Italian people to be again dispossessed of
that ° liberty for the attainment of which
they have made so many cruel sacrifices in order to
escape for ever from the house of German bondage.
That the Emperor NAPOLEON has evoked a spirit
of national enthusiasm which he finds it difficult to
allay, is proved to the satisfaction of all honest
men who hail the regeneration of the Italian people
as the best and now most desirable security for the
peace of Europe.

For ourselves we cannot comprehend what
ulterior advantage NAroLEoN can propose to him-
self by persisting in his present dogged course, If
he really value the alliance with England, he must
feel that we cannot go on higgling about this or
that concession to despotic presumption for the sake
of Imperial Pride, or keeping faith with him at the
expense of our own Independence. We have
hitherto endeavoured to act in our own and on his,
behalf on princ'ple, but we cannot subserve our
own liberty of: action merely to carry out his
"idea," and -11i$, only.
It is just with public as -with private matters—a
good deal must be sacrificed for the sake of peace,
and maintal rift g a sort of g,oolfellowship, but one
cannot yield too, nruch or compromise integrity for
apparent adv ar.tagc. Indeed there cannot be
any lasting ad ctntage where integrity is ashamed
to reflect on the sacrifice of honour be it private or
national. Let us hope that, however much our
sensibility has , been quickened by late events,
that 'several. causes of provocation may be
softened into. '.mutual good will for the benefit of
all. A few yt ars of peace will do more for the
prosperity of b oth France and England than all the

so-called 'glory of victories either on land or sea,
or on both combined.
" Peace hath her victories as well as war."
Aye, victories more conducive to the progress of
civilization—more beneficial to the welfare of our
species, and more calculated to improve the world
by diffusing the benefits of Art, Science, and Know-
ledge throughout the earth.
Since the above was written we are much pleased
at finding a reciprocal feeling emanate from the
French Ministerial journal, the Pays, which seems
to be in singular accordance with the views we
have expressed. We extract the following from the
second edition of the Times :

The Pays says :—" They are only the partisans of the
past, the contemners of modem civilisation, who rejoice
the moment these friendly relations (between England and
France) seem to be weakened. On the contrary, all who de-
sire to witness the increasing development in Europe of the
principles of a wise and liberal policy are, as we have always
been, partisans of the alliance of the two mighty nations which
have imparted the greatest force to these principles, which
have best served them, and which have made for them, at
home and abroad, the most splendid sacrifices. If any cir-
cumstances have moved our country to the occasioning a
misunderstanding of its real sentiments with regard to Eng-
land, it was especially owing to these deplorable circum-
stances. If in this legitimate emotion certain intentions
and perils were thought to be seen, people laboured under a
grave mistake; and it is England above all which, for its
interests and its dignity, must regret and blame the error
of some prejudiced minds.
"We honour England for its government, its noble
people, its gallant army, and its liberal institutions. These
institutions ought not, and cannot be ours. Sprung from
the very soil, fortified by tradition, consolidated by time,
modified and augmented by long practice, they are perfectly
suited to the English nation; but among us they would
merely be a foreign importation—a sickly vegetation with-
out sap, taking no root, and which a breath might blow'
away. It suffices to consider the revelations of the two
countries to see that we understand certain things otherwise
than England understands them. If England outstrips us
in some points, why, we outstrip her in others—as in ques-
tions of religious liberty, and in those relating to civil and
political equality..
" But, for the same reason that we honour England, we
have a right to expect that France and its Government be
honoured by her—by those who pretend, like the writers in
the Times, to represent her, and to speak in her name. We
shall always, and with goodwill, do our part in those cour-
teous acts on condition that each does his own, and we can
no more understand France subordinate to England than
England inferior to France. In an honourable alliance
sympathies ought to be placed together in common, and
dissensions set aside. In this way a salutary accord will be
strengthened, will increase each day, and effect for other
nations that are less advanced than ours in civilization the
progress which they require and which they expect."
The Pays concludes thus .—" We are of those who saw
with joy the flags of France and England floating together
In the glorious war of the Crimea; we applaud before-
hand the expedition to China. Finally, the presence
of England in the coming Congress will give us much
lively satisfaction. Italy, for which Napoleon 111. and
France have done so much, will find in English policy,
open sympathy and powerful co-operation. There is no-
thing which interests England to which we can be indif-
ferent.

" This said in all sincerity, and in return for tne present
good disposition of the Times, let us hope that this journal
will not expose itself on our part to any new reproaches, for
these reproaches always cost us much."

At the present season, in the dearth of the ex-
citing political topics which are always current
during the Parliamentary session, the public
turn with some interest• to the reports
of scientific and agricultural meetings. At
the annual meeting of the Gloucestershire
Agricultural Society, which was held in Earl
BATHURST'S park on Thursday last, several in-
teresting speeches were made, which were the

more noticeable as they referred alike to

topics of importance at home and abroad.
The question of the day—the efficiency of the
national defeences was of course brought promi-
nently forward. Sir C. W. CODRINGTON, in speak-
ing to the customary toast of the Army and Navy,
referred to the threatened invasion, observed that
our navy was sufficiently powerful to check the
enemy's advances while our army concentrated its
Purees. Colonel Icartual...w.r. vavreriesue. lairs %MIL iv. 7
tion that the French had no sinister purpose regard-
ing us ; at the same time he declared his belief,

that should they attack us, they would find our
military and naval forces had not deteriorated.
The necessity for adequate armaments for the pur-
poses of self-defence was also enforced by
the Hon. W. BATHURST who acquiesced in
the assertion that the intentions of the Freneh
EMPEROR, towards us were pacific, but justly ob-
served that we might arm ourselves without alarm-
ing the world. We have given Europe no cause
to doubt our pacific inclinations, and no foreign
nation has a right to take offence at our rectifying
our previous errors on this vital question.
In reference to more local subjects, the Vicar of
Cirencester expressed his approbation of the abolition
of mops and statutes—alluding to the old custom of
hiring servants in the market place, which he justly
observed was beneath the dignity of men and women.
He commented on the absurdity of their position,
humourously remarking that they were strung
together like rows of onions waiting for a pur-
chaser. He recommended an improvement in
the cottage accommodation for labourers' families,
a reform which we should gladly see more largely
carried out. In many of the midland counties,
Herts, for example, some influential gentlemen in
the neighbourhood have taken up the cause with
considerable energy. The vital importance
of providing clean and respectable homes
for the working classes has long been in-
sisted upon by all practical reformers,
and philanthropists. It is useless to spend the
national grants in the education of children and the
inculcation of moral principles, if they return to
those squalid and overcrowded homes, unhappily
too common amongst us. Apart from the imme-
diate discomforts, this state of things exercises a
most deteriorating influence over their characters;.
and, even were the parents cognisant of the evil,
the depressing influences of poverty prevented them
from contending successfully against it. 1

Another subject of interest was prominently
brought forward by Mr. HOLLAND, M.P., Wiwi,
being called upon to respond to the toast of
" Success to the Gloucestershire Agricultural
Society," took occasion to bring before the meet-
ing the advantages resulting from the adoption of
the new method of ploughing by steam. Among
the marvellous improvements which have resulted
from the study of agriculture on scientific prin-
ciples, thus calling art to the development of
the forces of nature, few have been more
simple or striking than the invention of the
Steam Plough. Our great auxiliary, who is sub-
duing all the elements in turn bids fair to supersede
horse labour by performing more work at a cheaper
rate. Mr. HOLL.IND gave some interesting sta-
tistics of the results of his experiments
in which he stated that he had ploughed
272 acres with the steam plough, at an average of
four acres per day, making 68 in all. He estimated
the cost of these four acres per day at £1 45., t 3
which he added a charge of ls. 6d. per acre for
wear and tear of machinery, thus making an esti-
mate of 11 10s. per acre. lie supposed it would
I,l4ave taken four horses to each plough to have
ploughed the four acres, and he th.ught an acre
would not have been done by them. lle calculated
the cost would have been £4 for the four
acres, so that it was at once evident that
there was a difference of £2 10s. between the
cost of steam and horse ploughing in the four
acres alone. Mr. HOLLAND gave many other
items, evidencing the relative expenditure, mad
allowing his computation to be correct, the result
is certainly astonishing. Besides the mere_difference

of cost there is a greater advantage in the adoption '
of the steam plough, since it ploughs much
deeper, turning up fresh ground, and re-
newing the surface of the earth, thus in-
creasing its fertility, and greatly benefiting the
soil. We arc glad to see this striking improve-
ment thus publicly dwelt upon, as we hope that
the force and simplicity of the arguments adduced
may carry conviction to many. It must be a
source of gratification to all who are intereAed in
the national welfare to see the energies of science
turned to assist and develope the prosperity of those
agricultural districts whose inhabitants were
once supposed to be inimical to all
'improvements. Their gloomy anticipations as to
the results of Free Trade have proved groundless,
and, we trust, that in future they will be
less ready to prophesy evil. Whatever
perplexitios or dangers may await us
in the future, threaten us from without and not
from within. Foreign despots and military rulers
might learn a lesson if they would from the na-
tional content and public spirit of a people, whose
liberty of faith and freedom of speech are the se-
crets of its being a nation at unity with itself.

EARLIEST SPECIMEN OF THE ELONGATED
EXPA-VDING SHOT.

TO THE TDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—Having good reasons to believe that the authorities
are now willing to know who was the first to suggest, and
practically to demonstrate the superior advantages of an
elongated expanding shot, I beg to submit, for your inspec-
tion, a specimen of the expanding shot, derived immediately
from the expanding lotus pith base of the Malay tube .arrow
or bolt, whieh I submitted and fully explained to the select
committee of Artillery officers, at Woolwich, as far back
as the summer of 1823. The officers now living that can
bear testimony to the fact, are General Sir Robert
Gardiner, R.A. ; General Sir Richard Airey, now
Quartermaster-General. Colonel BarloW; eliairman of the
Southampton Docks Company ; Major Hector Straith,
Captains Thomson and Hadwen ; the last five of whom
were present with my late regiment, the 34th, at the time.
Colonel Beamish, in his memorable letter of August, 1852,
to the Editor of the United Service Journal, at page 3,
gives a full and clear narration of the facts. I have left a
specimen of this shot at the United Service Institution,
Whitehall. Colonel Wilford, in his recent lecture at the
United Service Institution, has truly stated that the great
improvement in rifle efficiency is to be traced to the elon-
gated form or the shot.—l am, yours, &c.
Rosherville, Nov. 26. JOHN NORTON.

MR. BTOCQUELEI? AND THE LATE

SALE OF ARMY COMMISSIONS.