The Sun.
London, England, 1859-08-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY:EVENING, AUGUST 29, 1859.

VERDI'S OPERA OF MACBETH. The
whole of the first Act of this Opera, now produced
for the first time in this country (the remaining three acts
being in course of rehearsal), is sung nightly at the CAN-
TERBURY HALL CONCERTS.

---- ---
THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,
consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and
EIGHT years.

The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi..
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.
They will perform TWICE EACH EVENING, in addi-
tion to the usual Entertainments.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, At GE ST 28.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
74—highest since noon yesterday.
60—lowest this morning and during the night.
67—this day at noon. _ _

-
BAROMETER-30.01.
WIND, North-Westerly; light, with fine weather, and
cooler. There was another heavy thunderstorm yesterday
afternoon.

AUG. 29.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
68—highest since noon yesterday.
60—lowest this morning and during the night.
72—this_day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.89

WIND, South-Westerly; light, with fine weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 23m.—Afternoon, 2h. 44m.
To-Nloaßow-Morning, 3h. sm.—Afternoon, 3h. 25131

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THE SUN.

MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1859.

The news of the Congress seem to be very uncer-
tain as to results. The plenipotentiaries are fight-
ing rather shy of each other. The fact is they do
not know what to be at, for fear of giving offence
one way or the other. The question of the Duchies
is the difficulty, for Austria is most anxious for rein-
stating the exiled Dukes,while France is secretly desi-
rous of having Prince NAPOLEON invitedto Florence.
How matters will end does not at present appear ;
but if Austria persists :n espousing the pretensions
of her protegees the quarrel may yet be fanned into
a flame. On the other hand, the people are
heart and soul determined to be united to Piedmont,
if France permit them, which is very doubtful,
seeing the private desires of NAPOLEON, who in
this instance is all powerful unless some considera-
tion for other advice persuade him to the contrary,
Peace at the present juncture may be more politic
for him ; but for how long must mainly depend
on circumstances. The speech of M. de MORNY
is fraught with some under-current of mischief,
however plausibly he may pretend. Our course is
clear. To be prepared is our only safety ; and in
taking proper precautions we have as good a right
as others, without being questioned as to our mo-
tives.

Everything now seems to be very dull in Paris.
Speculation there is none, and trade is at a stand-
still. Th• following from a correspondent is rather
amusing : " The military spectacle brought
to Paris all the most accomplished pickpockets
of Europe, and every one has some story to
tell of the marvellous tricks of cleverness
that have been displayed : amongst others is
the substitution of a pair of ordinary spec-
tacles for gold ones that adorned the nose of one of
the most wealthy of the bankers, who i,id not be-
come acquainted with the robbery and the change
that had occurred until his family remarked it on
his return home. An illustrious foreign Duke, who
has long resided here, and astonished the admiring
world with his diamond waistcoat buttons, is said to
have been shorn of some of his jewels ; and several
ladiei were divested of their shawls, immediately
after the shower of rain, under pretext of clear-
ing away some of the watery element that had been
imbibed."

Our great contemporary, by whom so many swear
as their master, has at length begun to admit facts,
and to reason a little, as well as banter, on the bal-
lot. A few days ago it admitted for the first time
a statement from its " Own Correspondent" in Mel-
bourne, a gentleman who is a warm supporter of
the Ballot, as to its successful moral working there.
The other day it admitted, after a little fair reason-
ing as to the working of the Ballot in those small
boroughs which its Reform Bill of this spring
Consigned to schedule A—it admitted, what we
recently asserted, that the Ballot is needed to pro-
tect workmen against being intimidated by each
other. "We are quite sure," it observed, " that at
this moment, if it were put to the Ballot, the authors
of the strike in the building trades would find them-
selves in a considerable minority. Every class
wants protection against itself even more than against
its betters, and the Ballot certainly might do some
good there." Our readers may remember that the
remark we have italicised is precisely the one which,
according to the Sydney papers, was exemplified
by the first election under the ballot in New South
Wales. 'We entirely accord with it. We have
great faith in the good sense and fairness of the
more intelligent of the working classes, when these
qualities are allowed free action ; but for this, it is
essential that they should be protected against the
NEWTONS and POTTERS, and the committees of
despotic unions, quite as much as against despotic
masters or wealthy corruptors.
On Saturday our contemporary received a wind-
fall, one which we, however, as well as he were
pleased to catch, in the shape of a letter from a
lord, covering one from a person of somewhat more
note than a lord ; and both letters unfavorrable to
the Ballot. The inclosed one was from the " talented
author"—says Lord Radstock, of one who would
not, we believe, use such a word as English—the
"'author of Two Years before the lllast,"—R. H.
DANA,. Junior. Mr. DANA'S letter is written to
show from the history of the Ballot in Massachu-

setts, that it was wished, originally, that the Ballot
there should be secret ; that for a long time it was not
so ; that in 1851 a strenuous endeavour was made
to render it really secret ; that after a trial of two
elections it was given up to secure a pure ballot ;
and that now, secrecy is not compulsory on all, but
optional. That, as the result, hardly 100 secret
votes out of 167,000 were cast at the Presidential
election in 1856.

Now long ago we gave from a well-informed per
son a -very different account of the party motives

which overthrew the secrecy of the Ballot in Mas-
sachusetts; let us, however, take the statement of
Mr. DANA, which has every appearance of being
candidly written, and let us see what it amounts to.
He lays down as his axiom that " the purity of the
ballot must be preserved at all hazards." To this
every one will assent ; but of course none of the
hazards must resemble very high revenue duties,
which doubly defeat their own object. The absence
of secrecy may, as many of as suppose, do this.
Mr. DANA, however, remarks that in Massachusetts
to secure purity they had to give up secresy.
He next observes that " the first danger is of
illegal voters ; the second is of illegal votes."
Against the first danger it seems that Massachu-
setts adopts the same means as all representative
institutions do ; there is a register of voters, and
the voter presents himself openly when he claims
to vote. " Our security against illegal voters is—
requiring the voter to appear in open meeting,
subject to scrutiny and challenge." Thus far, how-
ever, friends and opponents of the Ballot are agreed.
Both parties on the question wish for honest voters
only.
It is in respect to the second danger that we fail
to perceive how, taking Mr. DANA'S own account,
making the Ballot open was requisite to its purity
—requisite to the preservation of the Ballot-box
from duplicate or triplicate votes. We condense
his description of the course of things in Massa-
chusetts.

To guard against the danger of a voter's deposit-
ing more than one vote, the practice was, that
each voting paper should be shown to the electiox
officers to be a single one, by its being deposited
open in such a way that the officers and others pre-
sent could see that it was a single paper. As the dif-
ferent parties provided the electors with ballot-papers
coloured, or distinguished by different emblems, it
was of course perfectly easy for the candidates'
check-clerks to note the name on the register and
the vote which followed it, and.the Ballot was not
one in the English and Australian sense of—secret

voting.
But in 1851 the attempt was made by means of
adhesive envelopes to secure secret voting. Political
parties there assailed it with opprobrious epithets,
as they do here. At first they provided their own
envelopes, but then they easily secured the same
object as was gained by presenting their own
ballot-papers. The Government then provided
them, and it was made penal to counterfeit the
Government envelope, which was furnished to the
voter only at the balloting-booth.
And now what proof follows that this unques-
tionable secrecy had to be given up to secure purity ?
It was given up, but in Mr. DANA'S own statement
the reason is a very different one from that of
purity. He mentions that "it fell into disfavour"
through " the interest which political committees
and the employers have in ascertaining how men
vote—the preference of many, and the willingness
of most to have their votes known—and the incon-
veniences [which he does not specify] of the system
itself." Mr. DANA mentions no other reasons.
The occasional difficulty of stiff-fingered labourers
sealing the envelopes, and the consequent falling
out of the papers, cannot be the inconveniences re-
ferred to, as he mentions that a very simple and
obvious remedy was found for these things.
We have read, naturally, a letter from Mr. DANA
with much care as well as interest ; but unless he
has in his mind facts which he does not mention,
we must say that he has not stated one which sup-
ports his second and third and only important con-
cluding inferences, that the purity of the Ballot de-
pends upon what we might term, in Irish, its being
no Ballot ;—on its being " deprived of its secrecy."
The impetuous eagerness of American politicians
to know how the poll is going, their total want of
self-restraint, and the interested motives of em-
ployers. are given as the reason why secrecy is
renounced. Indeed we are told that the reason why
balloting papers are necessary with open voting, is
the large number of persons elected to different
offices, frequently at one time, and by one paper.
Hence printed lists are necessary. But these are
not printed lists of all the candidates, as in Aus-
tralia, from which the voter erases the names he
wishes, but lists printed by the opposing parties,
and given by them to the electors.
To us, then, Mr. DANA'S letter reads like a con-
tribution to our side of the argument. Like the
oft-alluded-to Judge, he should have given his
opinions without the .facts or reason.s on which
they are based. Let us add, however, that we cor-
dially welcome contributions in a spirit like those
of Mr. DANA ; let us hear and profit by the obser-
vations of all. The lesson we gain from Massa-
chusetts is that secret voting is quite practicable,
but that hot political partisans find it an obstruc-
tion to their objects. To most Englishmen this is a
great commendation ; and our communications from
all the Australian colonies show that the moral
effect of the Ballot there is one of the results which
most strikes and gratifies the better part of society
in that colony.

Yesterday morning, at five o'clock, there died at
Putney, peacefully, and in a ripe old age, one of
the most charming writers (both of prose and verse)
in the English language. How many thousands of
as have lost in LEIGH HUNT a dear old friend.
How many thousands will grieve over the news
that he has gone at last—that the solitary survi-
vor of that glorious group of poets who ushered in
the nineteenth century with their choral songs has
passed away from amongst us—following tardily, it
is true, though still it seems to us even now prema-
turely, in the track already traversed by so many
of his immortal friends and associates, BYRON,
KEATS, SHELLEY, LAMB, HAZLITT, COLERIDGE.
The intelligence of this tranquil death of LEIGH
HUNT yesterday completes that radiant but
mournful catalogue. The whole of that lite"rary
generation has passed away with the departure of
this liltinaus Romanorum. The whole at least of
the great chiefs of the pen—PROCTER and LANDOR
coming but within a secondary category. Peace
to his honoured dust—if but in grateful remem-
brance of those abundant and perennial flowers of
fancy he has scattered around him in prodigal
abundance between the alpha and the omega of his
prolonged and stainless life, between the 19th of
October, 1784, and the 28th of August, 1859.
Besides his labours as a liberal and energetic jour-
nalist, when he was for several years Editor of tile
hand
Examiner, we believe his industrious
altogether from first to lastbetween
seventypnened and eighty volumes of the mostnisa-
cellaneous character. A delightful essayist,
genial critic, a ripe scholar, a graceful dramatist,
a writer of the most versatile genius—alternately
exquisitely pathetic and exquisitely humorous_
LEIGH HUNT has long since taken his place among

our English classics. He had, at least, while sur-
viving, those glorious friends of his youth, the all
but posthumous happiness of enjoying the universal
recognition of a reputation that no man envied, and
that all who came within its ken delighted in and
revered. Long will his name be held, in this land
of his birth and of his death, in affectionate admi-
ration.

CABINET COUNClL.—lmmediately after the re-
turn of Viscount Palmerston to town on Saturday forenoon
from visiting her Majesty at Osborne he caused a summons
to be issued for a Cabinet Council this afternoon at his lord -
ship's official residence in Downing-street. Those mem-
bers of the Cabinet absent at a distance from the metropolis
were apprised of the intended Council by telegraph.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
left Dover for Germany. His Royal Highness is accom-
panied by Col. Clifton.
We (Gaignani) regret to hear that Marshal
Bosquet has had a relapse, and part of his right side is
paralysed.
To-night, the last of the season at the Princess's,
will conclude Mr. Charles Kean's management, the final
play selected being " King Henry the Eighth." Mr. Kean
will deliver an address.

The directors of the Great Ship Company have
declined the amended offer of Mr. Lever to charter the
Great Eastern.

Mr. LEIGH HUNT.—It is with much regret that
we announce the death of this very popular author. He
died at an early hour yesterday morning, after having been
for some time in feeble health. Mr. Hunt was born on the
19th of October, 1784.
THE ALBERT INSTITUTION.—His Royal High-
ness the Prince Consort has consented to be patron of the
Albert Institution, consisting of reading room, schools, dor-
mitories, &c., for the working classes, in Gravel-lane,
Blackfriars-road, which was opened by the Lord Mayor and
Sheriffs on Wednesday last. This pleasing fact was com-
municated yesterday to the Rev. Joseph Brown, by Col.
Sir C. B. Phipps. Four thousand persons visited the
building on Thursday.

THE GREAT EASTERN.—EarIy on Saturday morn-
ing, his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine
paid a long visit to this vessel. For upwards of three hours
his Highness remained on board inspecting every part of
the ship, from the lowest deck to the iron masts and colossal
wooden yards. He expressed his astonishment at the mag-
nitude of the whole undertaking for a commercial specula-
tion, though, merely judging of it from a nautical point of
view, he had little doubt of its success. He claimed for the
Russian Government the credit of having the second largest
vessel in the world—the General Admiral—though, as re-
garded fineness of lines and beauty of form, he considered
the Great Eastern to as much surpass that man-of-war as
she did in size and power. His Highness, after partaking
of lunch with Mr. Campbell and Captain Harrison, ex-
pressed a wish to see the new steering apparatus, of which
a full description appeared in The Sun of Saturday. This
simple though most ingenious invention was accordingly
inspected at Mr. Lungley's yard, and commended by the
Duke in the highest terms. After leaving this yard the
Duke proceeded to the manufactory of Messrs. Humphrys
and Tennant, and inspected several pairs of marine engines
making for the Russian Government, varying in power
from 300 to 600 horses. The number of visitors to the ship
on Saturday was immense, and more than double that of
any previous occasion.

THE GREAT EASTERN.—Saturday was the last
day for admitting the public on board the Great Eastern,
previous to her departure on her trial trip. The number of
visitors who have inspected the vessel during the last fort-
night has been very large, the amount realised by the com-
pany on admission fees being upwards of £4,000.
BEACON IN THE BRISTOL CHANNEL.—The erec-
tion of a beacon on the Monkstone-rock was brought to a
successful termination on Friday, the 12th inst., the wrought-
iron mast and globe having been on that day permanently
fixed in the place prepared to receive them.
Mr. Cyrus W. Field was making energetic efforts
in New York to obtain subscriptions to the new capital of
the Atlantic Telegraph Company. As the most conclusive
way of satisfying those sceptics who refuse still to believe
that the cable was ever brought into practical operation,
copies of the 400 messages which passed through the cable,
verified under oath, are published in the New York Herald,
and occupy seven columns of that journal.
The town council of Berlin has just subscribed
£1,600 to a foundation in honour of Humboldt, destined to
afford aid to learned men and travellers in the prosecution
of the studies to which he devoted his long life.
The cholera spreads along the shores of the Baltic.
Its presence in Dantsic is officially acknowledged, as well
as in Osnabruck and Elberfeld, and it is reported to have
made considerable ravages at Hamburg.
THE LATE FATAL OCCURRENCE ON THE TH.-
AU RY AND SOtTREND R AMWAY.- The adjourned in-
quest on the person killed by the recent accident was held
on Saturday, and resulted in a verdict of " Accidental
death."
LIVERPOOL BANQUET TO LORD DERBY.—It iS
rumoured that Lord Derby and several of his late colleagues
will be entertained at a public banquet in Liverpool, to
take place in the course of a few weeks, on which occasion
,the address, which has been numerously signed, expressive
of the high sense entertained of his lordship's admirable
conduct in the late administration of her Majesty's Govern-
ment, and of the increased confidence with which he is re -
garded as the leader of the Conservative party, will be for-
mally presented.—Liverpool Courier.
VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.-A public meeting
was held at the Guildhall, 'Falmouth, on Monday last, in
compliance with a requisition to the mayor which was
signed by magistrates, deputy-lieutenants, and others, to
consider the propriety of and the means for raising a rifle
corps at that town for the eight circumjacent parishes.
The mayor presided, and after a discussion affirmative re-
solutions were passed, a committee appointed, and a sub-
scription opened to assist the progress of the work. The
allotments to Falmouth and neighbourhood would be two
companies of 100 men each, one artillery and the other rifle,
but the latter description of force appears the favourite. It
was considered the attempt Would be successful, and sub-
scriptions were commenced liberally at once from the ma-
gistrates and surrounding gentry.
THE HARVEST IN I'iORTIIUMBERLAND AND DUR-
HAM.—Last week was extremely favourable for the harvest
in these two northern counties • and on Saturday night an
immense amount of corn had been cut, and very much of
it upon the last farms gathered into the stackyards. Reap-
ing machines have been much employed this season in
Northumberland but the harvest coming in so rapidly
there has been ample employment for every one. In Dur-
ham 17s. and 18s. an acre have been paid for reaping; and
very rarely has less than 12s. been given. In the neigh-
bourhoods of the towns women have been earning from 2s.
3d. to 2s. 6d. per day reaping. The crops are reported to
be extremely fine.
DEATH OF TOM BLANCHARD THE PANTOMIMIST.
—We have to announce the death of one of the best panto-
mimists of his time—poor Blanchard. He was bred to the
stage, and acquired a world-wide celebrity among tho fre-
quenters of minor theatres by his dexterity in the use of the
small and broad swords, and by his performance in serious
and comic pantomime, at the Coburg (now the Victoria.
Theatre), which opened under the ownership of Mr. Glos-
sop, and took its place as one of the most respectable
theatres in London. Poor Blanchard's performance of pan-
taloon on the first night stamped him a favourite with the
Surrey-side playgoers, his sword combats with Bradley
Huntley, Cobham, H. Kemble, Esq., and by his perform -
ances of "Don Juan," Obi," " The Drunken Corporal,"
Pantaloon, and occasionally Clown, he kept his position
during a long series of years. Age had latterly incapacitated
him from following his profession, except in obscure or sub-
ordinate parts; and on Saturday, the 26th, poor Tom
breathed his last under the terrible affliction of cancer on
the tongue, and was buried on Thursday, at the Dramatic
Society's ground at Woking. We believe his age was 72.
TIIE MURDER NEAR LEEDS—On Saturday, at the
Leeds Town Hall, two men named William Appleby and
Walter Bearder, suspecte I of being the persons who mur-
dered Mr. Richard Broughton, of Roundhay, near Leeds,
on Saturday afternoon, the 6th inst., were examined before
the sitting magistrates. The prisoners were brought by a
writ of habeas corpus from the House of Correction at
Wakefield, where they are at present awaiting their trial
for a burglary committed at Batley. Several witnesses
were examined and the prisoners were remanded to a future
day. The evidence affecting them was that they were
spoken to by three or four persons as like two men seen
near the place of the murder a short time before the unfor-
tunate man was attacked. The pawnbroker's assistant who
received the watch stolen from the deceased in pledge
about two hours after the murder, could not identify
either of the prisoners as the man who pawned it, but he
said that Boarder very much resembled the man. The
police hope to be able to obtain further evidence before the
prisoners are again brought up for examination.
FEARFUL EXPLOSION.-A MAN BLOWN INTO
THE AIR.—SHIELDS, Friday Night.—A fearful explosion
ocurred on the Tyne this afternoon. A new steam-packet
company has commenced running steamers between New-
castle and Tynemouth ; and this afternoon the Louise
Crawshay, belonging to them, was coming down the river
with passengers, when a steamer named the William and
Mary commenced to race against her. It was observed
that those onboard the William and Mary were putting on
a fearful pressure in the boiler; and they also puffed off
steam at the Louise Crawshay, and blackguarded and
called them on board her. When off Hebburn Quay, the
boiler of the William and Mary burst with a fearful
noise, tearing up the decks, and washing the planks, with
all the loose materials on the deck, into the sea. Those
on board the Louise Crawshay also imagined they saw a
human being thrown into the air with the material, and
such seems to have been the case, as one of three men be-
longing to the vessel, a young man named Squire Cock-
burn, is missing. The other two men jumped over the
vessel's stern, and the Louise Crawshay running to their
assistance, rescued them by means of life buoys. The
William and Mary, which is an old boat, is much damaged
by the explosion. The explosion is solely owing to the
recklessness of the men navigating the vessel.
GREAT FIRE AT KNAPP'S COACH FACTORY,
CLAPHAM,-A fire broke out a little after one o'clock
on Saturday morning on the premises belonging to Mr.
J. Knapp, the well-known coach and carriage builder to
the Royal family, situate at 138 to 140, Manor-street,
Clapham. The building in which the fire began was
100 feet long, and was used as the coachmakers' shops
and smiths' welding houses. It contained two floors, each
being partially filled with property of considerable' value.
The main body of fire continued its ravages for hours, and
was not arrested until the factory and all it contained, with
the exception of a small space about 20 feet long, were de-
stroyed. The dwelling-house in the front is also nearly
destroyed, and the roofs are burned off. The sufferer was
insured in the County Fire-office. The origin of the fire
is unknown. No. 242, belonging to Mr. W. Cooper (pri-
vate) has sustained considerable damage by the hasty re-
moval of furniture, and unfortunately he was uninsured.
No. 136, belonging to Mr. Tilbury, is similarly damaged,
and that gentleman was also uninsured. No. 137, the
but damaged,
not without but
livery stables belonging; to Mr. J. Jordan, are also greatly
fogrrtuonataFrielsyk-.the horses were all extricated,

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :
THE ZURICH CONFERENCE.

BERNE, AUG. 27.

There was no Conference held to-day, but the
Plenipotentiaries of France and Sardinia met to-
gether. A courier from Vienna has arrived.

ZURICH, AUG. 27.
For the last few days there has been no Conference
of the Plenipotentiaries.
It is believed that the Plenipotentiaries will be
enabled to quit Zurich at the latest in a fortnight.

TRIESTE, AUG. 28.

The American ship Benbolt, which had arrived
here lately with a cargo of Havana sugar, and
sailed again for London with the same cargo, for
want of a sale, was wrecked on the 25th inst. at
Brindisi ; the crew were saved. She was insured
in London,

ZURICH, AUG. 29.

Yesterday the Austrian and French Plenipoten-
tiaries held a private Conference. Two Couriers
have been despatched to Milan and Turin.

PARIS, AUG. 29.

The troops forming the garrison in the 3d and
4th divisions, the head-quarters of which are at
Lille and Chalons on the Marne, have been con-
siderably increased. The regiment of the Imperial
Guard, having suffered severe losses at Magenta
and Solferino, are being reorganised, and the vacan-
cies caused by death filled up. The 4th battalion
of the Imperial Guard is also maintained. The
Government is about to increase the Artillery, but
the Cavalry is to be diminished.

VENE2'IA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—Having always proved yourself the warm
advocate of the national Italian cause, I beg to
forward you herewith the translation of an address
from the Venetians that has been circulated amongst
the Ministers and foreign Ambassadors at the Court
of Turin, hoping that you will kindly award it a
suitable place in your columns, with a view to
bring the rights of poor Venetia under the cognis•
ante of the world.—l am, &c., S.

" Your Excellency,—Europe knows our hopes,
our misfortunes, and our rights—rights that are
indeed old, but nevertheless full of life. We need
not appeal to public records to prove them, nor
would any one attempt to establish a denial of their
existence, upon the eternal inviolability of political
treaties, for their sacred keeping will be best illus-
trated by the Principalities of Neufchatel, the
Danube, Belgium, and Lombardy ; and Austria we
need only remind of Cracow.
" Napoleon 111., in his memorable proclamation
of Milan, when alluding to our desire for indepen-
dence, so long expressed, and, unhappily, so often
disappointed, asserted two truths at once—the sanc-
tity of our right, and our consciousness of it,
Then, in reference to the sympathy of Europe for
our cause, he recognised the universal suffrage of
the public conscience in all that Europe possesses
of spirited and generous feeling.
" The peace lately signed cannot, in any way,
alter the real signification of those words which
promised us that Italy should be free to the Ad-
riatic.'

"It would be fruitless to recapitulate all the
hopes that the war aroused in the hearts of the
Venetians and the Lombards, the more so in the
Venetians, because their rights, even in accordance
with the strictest diplomacy, were the most sacred.
However, the very hope repressed their impetu-
osity, and the character given to the war, which
was to have been a regular and dynastic one, was
calculated to prevent any popular movement on
their part.
"After the occurrences of 1848 and 1849, and
after ten years of oppression, that a foreign govern-
ment could not otherwise maintain than by an over-
powering military force, it is scarcely necessary to
demonstrate our will. History shews us many
more warlike nations than Italy has been for the
last three centuries, who nevertheless have groaned
and still do groan under oppression, without
being considered either timorous or happy. All
that the Venetians could do without the limits
of a war that excluded any national insurrection
was to take up arms under the banner of Piedmont ;
and this they have done. The number of volunteers
was greater than might have been supposed, par-
ticularly considering the difficulties that had to be
surmounted in escaping from a home which had be-
come the land of exile. To brave the dangers of a
flight was counted as nothing, but to consign friends,'
father, or mother, to the vindictive suspicions aris-
ing from an honourable andsacred confederation was
dreadful. The few thousand soldiers that Venetia
offered in this way to the Italian army are a sufficient
interpretation of the nation's will ; our armed depu-
ties, representing the country at large throughout all
grades of society, from the humble villager to the
millionaire, and the count whsse ancestors belonged to
history. It is needless to read their names at the
bottom of a political document; what they wanted,
and still want, is written with their blood.
" In spite of the promises and advice of expe-
rienced men, the streets of Venice were, on the 14th
June, stained with blood; the prisons were packed
with youths, old men, and women. An Austrian
general in the very town in which he was parading
all the luxury of an armed force that should have
created within him a sense of perfect security
wrote his own decree, by saying, I shall have no
regard for persons, I punish only the deed or the
intention to act. I confide in none of you.' There
is not merely a personal feeling expressed by Gene-
ral Urban, but an admission of Austria's thoughts
as regards the Italians; it is an admonition to the
latter of what they have to expect from the Aus-
trians, who, ever in dread, would always be in
arms against their own fears, and their suspicions
could not fail to arouse the suspicions of other
powers. Attached to Italy as to a prey, they
would not only menace an unfortunate nation, but
also the peace of Europe.
" The expenses necessarily incurred by Austria
keeping continually upon her guard would aug-
ment the miseries of the country and her own
misery too. This attitude, which could only serve
to aggravate her weakness, would render her ap-
parently formidable to other states, and sooner or
later rear up a league likely to accomplish her ruin.
Italy oppressed, alone would be her death. We,
Venetians, do not threaten nor dream of discord ;
but in the voice of the weak, who feel the dignity
of their rights, there is apower that in the end

will break-both swords and chains.
" Two hundred thousand soldiers are encamped
on -Venetian ground; the conduct of government
has not changed since the conclusion of peace. To
the expression of sorrow of our citizens, and their
disappointment without precedent, demonstrations
which even the least paternal Government might
have excused—that the enemy, least of all acces-
sible to noble sentiments and enthusiasm created
by the glorious rictories previously obtained as
precursors of unhoped-for success, might have con-
sidered in the same light—the Austrian function-
aries at Venice replied on the 17th July with
threats of unheard-of heartlessness.
" To recite one fact, worth a thousand.
"The prisons of Josephstadt were closed upon
the Venetian landlords, peaceful men and endeared
to the nation by their talents and character having
been arrested without trial, as a mere precautionary
measure of the police, who publicly avowed tint
they had in no way disturbed the public order, but
that the possibility of their doing so rendered their
imprisonment an act of utility to themselves and
desirable even to those who loved them. Ought it
not to have ben supposed that after the compact
of Villafranca they should have been restored to
their lamentinc, families ? They are, nevertheless,
still there. The slowness of diplomatic proceedings
ought to anticipate the feelings of humanity and
justice, nor should there be even an appearance of
generosity or of any inclination towards those
guarantees vaguely promised. Is not this rigorous
orbearance in the appearance of clemency—throw-
ing defiance at the sympathies of the country and
of all Europe—a return to the morals and manners
of the least enlightened times, in an age that boasts
of its elegance, and in Which acts of the most cour-
teous genioosity should only be considered as mere
ordinary politeness ?
" Even by reducing the domination of Austria
over Venetia to its narrowest limits, even were it
agreed to place an isolated prince upon the throne,
without soldiers.or functionaries belonging to his
race, is it supposed that that could satisfy Venetia,
Europe, or Austria herself ? Would it be possible
to allow an Austrian prince to guard the Alps ?
if he were supposed to be already so changed in
nature by his new title as to possess an entirely
Italian heart, could it be pretended that at a time
of war confidence would never be shaken either on
the part of the nation or on that of foreign powers ?
Even in ordinary times, to what embarrassment
would that man not be exposed who, seeming to
obey the will of those he is selected to rule—of a man
who, to escape from this humiliating thought,
would ever be ready to encroach upon the powers
he has sworn to respect ?
" No man of feeling could, without a sentiment of
respectful commiseration, look upon a prince con-
demned to govern in so different a manner
there, where his ancestors, or his brother, have
ruled so as to render a murderous war inevitable
and concessions so long and so obstinately refused.
" Unhappy, indeed, is the fate of a prince when
reduced to be pitied by his own subjects, who, under
diflkeent circumstances, would have loved and
honoured him with sincerity.
" The force of events offers Austria a precious
opportunity of retrieving herself and acquiring in
moral strength, and subsequently in material power,
much more than she would lose in dominion. She
could then say—After the occurrences of Villafranca
there is neither victor nor vanquished. The honour
of our arms is saved, let us also save that of our
family and the nation ; for here the honour of the
whole of Germany is at stake. We have left too
many brave men on the soil of Italy, let us forbear
leaving more victims on her ground. And if Aus-
tria were to hide these truths from herself, time
would force them upon her some dreadful day.
" The undersigned need not affirm that the Tows
that they now make are not isolated or solitary.
The titles they append to their signatures will de-
note that they are the interpreters of a sentiment
which is nourished by the intellect and the heart
of all who consider that the word ' nation' is not a
vain sound.

" Diplomatic documents have just been published
giving the thoughts of Daniel Manin—not merely
as a private man, but as the chief of the Venetian
government. Venice possessed an assembly elected
by the universal suffrage, which had bestowed un-
limited pown! upon it. A committee sat in Venice
to represent the different provinces of Venetia; the
legions composed of Venetians, who likewise voted
at the election of the assembly, contributed to ren-
der our resistance honourable as much by the order
they observed as by the firmness they displayed.
Thus this voice issuing from the tomb is the voice
of the nation itself, and during his life Mania was
regarded by Europe as the personification of the
immortal rignt. Dictator of Venice, in his exile
he was more than a king, Charles X. at Garitz.
Louis Philippe in London, never received be-
fore or after death that homage of the heart that

was rendered to the poverty, the sufferings, and the
ashes of this advocate. Let then this voice be lis-
tened to, as it reminds France and enlightened
Europe of their duty.
" Finally, Austria can no longer govern Italy.
Even an Austrian prince unattended by an Austrian
force would be superfluous, and his presence would
not only be a source of disagreeable recollections,
but moreover of considerable danger to the Austrian
Empire, the dignity of France, and the tranquillity
of Europe.

" The solemn hopes given to Venetia should not
be eluded. It is possible that for this land of Italy,
still not free, two hundred thousand French mothers

lived in anguish during ten successive weeks,
hourly dreading to learn that their offspring had
been stricken by Austrian grape ? Would it be
believed that for this land of Italy, still not free,
Napoleon 111. will have staked his life and his
destiny, and that which is dearer to him than life,
the honour of France and the heritage of a great
name, that weighs upon him like a heavy and
resplendent burthen ?

Let Europe, then, in gratitude for the peace
which he insures her, assist him to cast away the
load of sorrow of that thought, and it will be for
the forerunner of life to hear the blessings that will
arise in this land of grand ideas and great mis-
fortunes.

" August 17, 1859.
" PROSPER ANTONINI, ex-member of the Committee
of the Department of Udine (Frioul).
"F. T. AVESANI, author of the Capitulation of the
Austrians, at Venice, March 22, 1848.'
" JEAN BONOLLI, of Vicence, ex-president of the Com-
mittee of the Department of Vicence.
" ALBERT CAVALLETTO, ex-deputy of the Venetian
Assembly.
" GAETANO CREMASCO, of Vicence, ex-secretary of
the Committee of the Department of Vicence.
" JOSEPH DX CAMIN, of Tr6vise, ex-member of the
Assembly and of the Provisional Government of
Venice.
" JOSEPH DE GALATEO, of Padua, ex-lieutenant-
colonel at Venice.
" I DOLFIN BOLDII, patrician of Venice, ex-member
and secretary of the Venetian Assembly.
" JEAN BAPTISTE GIUSTINIAN, patrician of Venice,
ex-deputy of the Venetian Assembly.
" JOSEPH MAGGI DE BRESCIA, ex-member of the
Committee of the Department of Rovigo (Govern-
ment of Venice).
" FRANCIS MATTE', Venetian colonel.
" ANDREA MENEGHINI, ex-president of the Commit-
tee of the Department of Padua.
" JEAN MINOTTO, of Venice, ex-president of the Le-
gislative Assembly.
" LEON PINCHERLE, ex-Minister of Commerce of the
Republic at Venice.
" CHARLES RADDELLI, ex-deputy to the Assembly
of the Representatives of the People at Venice.
" LEON SEREND, ex-member of the Committee of Sur-
veillance at Venice.
" FRANCOIS SOLERA, General, ex-Minister of War at
Venice.
" SEBASTIAN TECCHIO, of Venice, ex- member of the
Provisional Government, and of the Committee of
the Department of Vicence, and envoy of the same
committee near his Sardinian Majesty.
" N. TOMMABSEO, ex-Minister of Public Instruction
of the Republic of Venice, envoy extraordinary
near the French Republic, deputy to the Assembly
of the Representatives of the People at Venice.
" EUGENIO VANDONI, ex-colonel at Venice.
" J. B. VARE, ex-Vice-President of the Assembly of
the Representatives of the People at Venice.
" ALEXANDER ZANETTI, secretary to the Provisional
Government of Venice, 1848-1849.
" 0. PACIFICO VALUPI, ex-secretary of the Assembly
of Venice 1849, actual secretary of the Agricul-
tural Society of Frioul, chief editor of P Annota-
tore Friulano,' a political and economical review."