The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-03 00:00:00

THE SIJN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER I'3, 1861.

yesterday afternoon, in the presence of a numerous
body of spectators. The troops marched to the lines
by various routes, and were formed in the centre at
3 o'clock. On the arrival of Major-General Eyre,
attended by his Staff, the whole force gave a
general salute, after which they broke into columns
of companies, and marched past in slow and quick
time. They next executed a variety of manoeuvres
incidental to a brigade field-day, all of which were
gone through with great steadiness and precision.
Shortly before 5 o'clock they returned to their
quarters.

General Sir Richard Dacres, commanding at
Woolwich, accompanied by Commodore Sir F.
Nicholson, superintendent of the dockyard, and the
genes al's military staff, yesterday made his annual
official inspection of the powder magazine on the
riv er and inland. On returning to Woolwich they
la .nded at the dockyard, went on board the Trusty,
r Ind inspected Capt. Coles's revolving battery shield.
After their inspection some photographic sketches
were taken of the shield, exhibiting with perfect
accuracy its battered condition, and the numerous
shot marks produced by the 68-pounder siege and
100-pounder Armstrong guns during the pounding
at Shoeburyness. The result of the experiments,
it appears, has been favourably considered by the
Duke of Somerset and the full Board of Admiralty,
as it was yesterday announced at Woolwich that
one or more ship s will be forthwith accommodated
to Capt. Coles's principle of armament, each vessel
to be iron cased, and to be fitted with six shielded
batteries of six guns each.
The following changes of station, &c., have re-
cently taken place in the Royal Engineers :
Colonels Renwick to the Cape of Good Hope, and
Hodden to Ceylon. Lieutenant-Colonels—Whit-
tingham, ordered from Canada to Jamaica; Robert-
son to Canada; Browne, C. 8., from leave, returned
to head-quarters as field officer for military discip-
line; and Graham, from Chatham to Shorncliffe.
Captains—Pasley, removed to Gravesend to relieve
Captain Stare, now on sick leave ; Pelley, from
Gibraltar to Sandhurst ; Fyers, from Chatham to
Malta; Drake, from Malta to Devonport ; Haw-
thorn, from Chatham to Gibraltar; Kerr to Ber-
muda, to command the 26th company ; and Mal-
colm, ordered home from China. Lieutenants—
Jones, ordered to Malta; Engledue, from Graves-
end to the Cape of Good Hope ; Salmond, from
Chatham to Gibraltar ; Campbell, from Chatham to
Malta; Tarbet, from Chatham to Shorncliffe;
Mackenzie, from London district to Dover ; Vetch
from Shorncliffe, and Peters from Portsmouth, to
head-quarters ; Sandford, from leave to Guernsey ;
Courtney, ordered home from China ; and Smith
from the Cape of Good Hope.
A large number of workmen are now employed
by the contractor, Mr. Naylor, on the new barracks
at Gravesend, which are to be completed in Feb-
ruary next.
Lieutenants Pope and Munro, of the Royal Indian
Artillery, have taken up their appointments as
additional officars to the Gentlemen Cadet Com-
pany at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich ;
and the undermentioned officers, recently trans-
ferred from the Indian service to the Royal Artil-
lery, have been stationed as follows :—Lieutenant-
Colonels J. Smyth, C. 8., and Brougham, Second
Captain F. Lloyd, Lieutenants C. li. Barnes and
C. R. Buckle, at Woolwich ; Captain Hutchinson,
at Shoeburyness ; Second Captain C. Roberts and
Lieutenant T. Ritchie, at Sheerness ; Captain Sir
W. Hamilton, Second Captain Wilson, :and Lieu-
tenant R. Stevenson, at Warley ; and Second Cap-
tain Campbell, at Aldershot.

gins, but of improved hand or treadle gins, such
as those, a model of which will shortly be for-
warded to your Highness by the Cotton Supply As-
sociation. A very great amount of labour will be
saved by their extensive introduction into the coun-
try, and I am assured by the people with whom I
have spoken in every district I have passed through
that they will be glad to purchase them. Improved
means of packing or pressing cotton are also re-
quired, but those will follow the introduction of bet-
ter means of cleaning, and prove a great saving in
the cost of transit.

I would especially press upon the attention of your
Highness tha fact which I have been most desirous
to be informed upon, namely, that the cultivation of
the American or New Orleans class of cotton is emi-
nently adapted to the soil of Egypt. For this class
of cotton the demand in the markets of Europe may
be said to be unlimited, at least the demand is con-
stant and increasing as compared with that of Egyp-
tian cotton, of which some 80,000 bales only were
required by England last year, and England con-
sumed much more than all other counties put toge-
gether. I found that 3001 b may be taken as the
extreme production of Egyptian cotton, not less than
6001 b have been grown per feddan from American
seed sent out by the association I represent. A
sample of this cotton was valued in Liverpool at
Bd. per lb. The average of the Egyptian may be
taken at 10d. to 11d. per lb. It would therefore
appear to be the interest of your highness, as
well as that of the great landed proprietors of this
country, to test the question whether it would not
answer to encourage the cultivation of the Ameri-
can variety side by side with the Egyptian, leaving
it to time to determine which of the two is to be
preferred. And in the event of a serious falling short
in the supply from America during the next two or
three years, the greatest benefit would be conferred
by its speedy introduction as a staple product of
your highness's dominions.

- There is an obvious need on most of the farms I
visited of more intelligent supervision and general
management, and there is ample room for the in-
troduction of a large number of overseers and
managers, having a practical knowledge of agricul-
ture on modern principles.
The establishment of a company under the
auspices, or with the known approbation of your
highness, for the introduction of capital at a rea-
sonable rate of interest, might go far to remedy
many of the wants I have already pointed out.
Such an association by its agents, who must be men
of high integrity, would speedily discover all, and
many more than those deficiencies already adverted
to, and, if properly supported under an efficient
managing directory, would in the course of a few
years bring about a great revolution and improve-
ment in the agriculture and cotton trade of Egypt.
No one can traverse the vast farming regions of
Egypt without being struck with the fertility and
exuberant productiveness of the soil. Egypt may
be said to be one vast farm, and might readily be
made one vast garden ; her people rich and her
treasury inexhaustible.
Before closing this imperfect sketch of a most inte-
resting tour, I beg to assure your Highness that both
myself and Dr. Forbes, who accompanied me, are
fully alive to the obligation you have conferred upon
us by granting so many facilities for expediting our
journey—not only by railway, but by placing at
our disposal one of your Highness's steamers on the
Nile.

It is my duty also to report that Souliman Effendi,
whom your Highness commissioned to accompany
us on our tour, has rendered to us the utmost assist-
ance in his power in pursuit of our mission, and no-
thing has been wanting; on his part to afford us
hospitality on your Highness's behalf.
I tender also the best thanks of the Cotton sup-
ply Association, as well as of the cotton trade of
the United Kingdom, for the attention you have
paid to the subject of their memorial, as also for
the personal kindness you have shown to Dr. Forbes
and myself.—l have the honour to be, your High-
ness's most obedient servant,
(Signed) G. It. HAYWOOD.
To his Highness Mohamed Said Pasha, Viceroy
of Egypt and its Dependencies.

improvements: Now, the custom of paying for seed
and labour, for " dressings and half-dressings," a
share of the artificial manures, the oilcake bill, &c.,
is not found here ; but the out-going tenant in No-
vember sells off all his crops, corn and straw, roots
and hay, disposes of any manure by valuation to the
incomer, and any unexhausted tillages, &c., or im-
provements m the condition of the land go to raise
the figure of the sum claimed for the right of occu-
pation,—the peculiar " tenant-right" of the North
of Ireland. In a country where all the farmhouses,
buildings, frequently even fences, roads, and drains,
have, as a rule, been erected and formed by the
tenantry, the proprietor only assisting with mate-
rials in some cases, it is not at all surprising that you
should have to pay an outgoing tenant a handsome
amount when succeeding to his occupation—a sum
that will fetter your application of a fair capital per
acre to the business of cultivation, unless you pos-
sess funds enough to be tenant and virtually part
proprietor too. Accordingly, from eight to 14 on an
average, and up to 17 and 20 years' rent (say £4OO or
£5OO for 30 acres), is commonly given for the good-
will of a farm. Whether a lease exists or not makes
scarcely a perceptible difference in the amount paid.
Major Humphreys (Lord Abercorn's agent) has
known £6OO given for the right to occupy 65 statute
acres under a yearly tenancy. Such is the excessive
affection or grasping for land that men pay 10 years'
purchase of the rent for ground in altogether bad
condition, or, indeed, almost any sum, quite irre-
spective of what the quality or value of the soil
may be, merely for the sake of a place in which to
settle a son, or to gain a home, and avoid being ex-
pelled by want of a livelihood out of the district
loved from their youth up; and so tenaciously is
the right of occupancy held that a defaulter of a
year or two's rent, put out of his farm in consequence,
will still obtain a handsome sum for his interest in
the holding, the incoming tenant generally agree-
ing to pay up the back rent out of his tenant-right.
Major Humphreys has endeavoured to bend the
usage to a more reasonable form, limiting the sum
payable where a tenant has been turned out for non-
payment of rent, and so on, but tenants make the
old-fashioned bargains with each other after con-
forming to his conditions.
-The Earl of Belmore, the Marquis of Abercorn,
and other noblemen, have large properties. In
1846 the Marquis obtained a £12,000 loan from the
Board of Works, and expended it in under-drainage.
For years he gave premiums to a large amount for
the best crops of turnips, encouraged improved hus-
bandry, extended rotation-cropping among his ten-
antry; the fruit of these labours being now seen in
the comparatively forward condition of the agricul-
ture on his estate. At Baronscourt, near Strabane,
the Marquis has also a home farm of 1,000 acres,
chiefly in tillage, with two sets of steadings, fur-
nished with every appliance of advanced modern
husbandry for steam-thrashing, cattle-farming,
manure-making, &c., on a large and model scale.
We have said little of the class of large tenant-
farmers; but there are many scattered through a
large district. Some are noted as breeders of supe-
rior shorthorns; others for their pre-eminence in
growing green crops and in general farm manage-
ment, assisting by their energy and public spirit the
valuable operations of the local four-counties Agri-
cultural Association, and other institutions for pro-
moting northern husbandry. On the banks of the
river Foyle, and upon the richly woodec and culti-
vated hills forming the beautiful country between
Strabane and Londonderry, are many farms of con-
siderable extent, ornamented with quite gentle-
manly residences. I visited the occupation of Mr.
M'Crea, of Grange, who has built largely, drained
much of his land, and embanked a wide tract of
good marsh soil from the broad river, here rising
with a 10-feet tide, and all this on the strength of a
31 years' lease. On this warp soil, worth 40s. per
acre, he produces remarkably fine swedes and pota-
toes, the latter having been preserved free from dis-
ease before this year by early cutting off the haulm
and earthing over the drills. His corn crops are
sown with the drill, but not hoed, as it would loosen
the ground too much about the roots, and wheat is
never taken after clover, as on this fine alluvial level
it would be sure to mildew. Mr. John M'Crea also
farms to a considerable extent, having also recently
taken a tract of cut-away bog at a low but increas-
ing rent, for conversion into good ground. The
method of reclamation is to make bricks of the bared
clay, burning them with the portion of peat left,
and then the bottom, being high enough for good
drainage, soon becomes fine land.
Labourers here earn 7s. 6d, a week the year
through, with an allowance of a rood or more of
ground for potatoes, but pay rent for their cottages.
Lord Abercorn's men have 9s. a week all the year,
with cottages free. The cottages in this country are
generally good, but all on the ground floor. They
look none the worse for the fuchsias, nasturtiums,
rose trees, &c., which are a happy indication of taste
and decency on the part of the inmates.

POLICE IN2ELLIGENCE, Oct. 2.


WESTMINSTER.--TILE LATE MURDER IN
WESTMINSTER.—SeveraI declarations, on the sub-
ject of the late murder in Westminster, were ten-
dered to Mr. Arnold, for his signature, by Mr. Bury
Hutchinson, solicitor.
Mr. Arnold inquired their object, and how lie
could take them.

Mr. Hutchinson replied that the object of making
the declarations was, that they might accompany a
petition now in preparation to the Secretary of
State, to procure a remission of the capital sentence
against the convict William Maloney, in corrobora-
tion of its contents. From the information of which
he was in possession, he could show, by declara-
tions, that the principal witness, Saunders, was
guilty of perjury.
Mr. Arnold observed that, if the Secretary of
State thought there were any grounds for such an
imputation, he would respite the culprit upon me-
morial, without declarations.
Mr. Hutchinson said that either eight or ten
persons whom he could call were perjured if Saun-
ders were not ; they were not called npon the trial,
as they would have raised so many collateral issues.
Mr. Arnold could not see that he could take such
declarations as those now placed before him.
Mr. Hutchinson suggested that he was placed
in some difficulty in the matter ; he could not make
affidavits in the ordinary way and thus confirm the
contents of the petition to the Secretary of State,
because there was no cause pending ; and he had
therefore resorted to the present coarse, deeming it
was the only one left to him, and having been in-
formed that the proceeding was admissible.
Mr. Arnold could not see what validity or force
they could have, or that he had any right to take
them, but for some statutory purpose.
Mr. I Intehinson urged that it was not uncommon
to take declarations respecting certificates of birth,
or with reference to titles to estates.
Mr. Arnold pointed out that if he had no power
by law to take such declaration, there could be no
assignment of perjury sustained against the person
making it.
Mr. Hutchinson expressdd himself most anxious
to confirm the petition ho was about to send to the
Home Office.
Mr. Arnold thought that if the statements re-
ferred to were sent in, they would have as much
weight as though declared before a magistrate.
Mr. Hutchinson intimated that that would
be asking the Secretary to place the same reliance
upon mere statement, as evidence which had been
given upon oath.
Mr. Arnold repeated that he did not consider
himself justified in receiving the declarations be-
fore him, nor should he be disposed to accept such
as had been mentioned respecting matters of birth
and title.
Mr. Hutchinson still pressed the matter, as the
petition to the Home Secretary would be strength-
ened by the assertion that the testimony of Salm-.
ders had been contradicted by the declaration of
parties, which in its ordinary application was equi-
valent by statute to an oath.
Mr. Arnold called Mr. Hutchinson's attention to
the fact that where he could not have heretofore
taken an affidavit he could not now take a declara-
tion.
Mr. Hutchinson solicited permission to append to
the petition that the accompanying statements had
been submitted to the magistrate as declarations,
but in his judicial capacity he had declined to take
them.
Mr. Arnold had no objection to such a course,
and added that, if the authorities at the Home-
office thought he ought to receive them as declara-
tions he would do so.
Mr. Hutchinson thanked the magistrate and
retired.

GREENWICH.—EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE OF
SHOOTING AT AN ENG IN E-DRIVER.--NARROW
ESCAPE.—lleury Ilayes, a young man, 19 years of
age, residing, at 6, Mill-lane, Blue Anchor-road,
Bermondsey, and describing himself as a dyer, was
charged with wilfully shooting at Thomas Mockitt
while driving an engine on the London, Brighton,
and South Coast Railway.
Mr. Inspector Carpenter attended on behalf of
the company, and said the charge was preferred
against the prisoner under the 6th section of the
act 14 and 15 Vic., cap. 19, which enacts, " That if
any person shall wilfully and maliciously do, or
cause to be done, any matter or thing with intent to
obstruct, upset, injure, or destroy any carriage,
engine, tender, or truck using such railway, or to
endanger the safety of any person travelling or
being upon such railway, every such offender shall
be guilty of felony, and, being convicted thereof,
shall boliable, at the discretion of the Court, to be
transported
.beyond the seas for the term of his
natural life, or for any term not less than seven
years, or to be imprisoned, with or without hard

labour, for any term not exceeding three years."
He then called

Thomas Mockitt, who said he resided at 45,'
Cheapside, Brighton, and was an engine-driver in
the employ of the London, Brighton, and South-
Coast Railway Compa.ny. About five o'clock on
the afternoon of Monda.v, the 23d ult., he left New-
cross station with a train of empty carriages for
London, and when between the Bricklayers' Arms
Junction and the Corbett-lane signal-box, he saw a
man whom he believed to be prisoner, on the bank
on the east side of the line, with a gun in his hand,
which he put to his shoulder and aimed in the
direction of the engine on which he (witness) was
standing, pusling the train at the end. The man
then lowered thy' gun, and again putting it to his
shoulder, and pointing it in the direction of the
engine, fired it off.
Witness heard th© shot strike
the boiler of the engthe, and also the board placed
in front of the engine Io protect the driver from
the weather, and at tile same time felt himself
struck under the chin. On putting his hand to his
chin he found blood coaling from it ; the shot
grazing, but not entering tho flesh.
In reply to the magistrate, the witness said that
the weather-board of the engine was only five or
six inches from where he was standing. The shots
were very much scattered, carrying away part of
the paint-work, and indenting the paint of the
boiler at the side into the metal.

Inspector Carpenter said that at one part the
paint-work had been struck and completely car-
ried away.
Detective Officer Hughes, M division, had been
watching for the prisoner since Monday last.
Witness apprehended him at half-past six that
morning, and on telling him with what he was
charged, the prisoner said he did not shoot at
the train. Witness told the prisoner he had dis-
charged the gun, when he replied that he did not
shoot at any thing.
The prisoner, in answer to the magistrate, ad-
mitted firing the gun a t some small bird, but
denied having presented the gun at the engine or
train.

Mr. Traill said the proceedings taken against
the prisoner rendered necessary a prosecution at
the sessions, as he could not undertake to deal
summarily with such a case. He should there-
fore remand the prisoner for a week, but he would
accept bail, if it could bo procured, for his ap-
pearance.
The prisoner was removed in custody.