The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-20 00:00:00

THE NAPY.

Admiralty orders were on Saturday received at
Chatham directing the 91-gun screw steamer Royal
Oak, now building at that establishment, to be
completed as a 51-gun screw frigate, and to be
clad with shot-proof iron armour plates, similar to
those used in the construction of the Warrior and
Achilles, iron steamers.
The screw gunboat Louisa, 2, tender to the Edin-
burgh, 60, screwsteamer, at Leith, is completed by
the dockyard departments at Chatham, and on
Saturday was placed alongside the dockyard to re-
ceive her supply of coals on board, preparatory to
proceeding to the Firth of Forth to join the Edin-
burgh.

The Herald, surveying frigate, Capt. Henry M.
Denham, F.R.S,, sailed from Spithead at noon on
Saturday, for Chatham, to strip and pay off.

Capt. S. Osborn, C. 8., took command of the Done-
gal, 101, screw, at Spithead, on Saturday, Capt. H.
Broadhead, lately commanding the Donegal, being
appointed to the command of the steam reserve at
Portsmouth, vice Capt. G. T. Gordon, superseded at
his own request on account of continued ill-health.

The Henrietta, brig, arrived at Spithead on Sa-
turday, with convicts, whose term of service has
nearly expired, from Bermuda.
The screw steam frigate 4riadne, IG, Capt. Van-
sittart, from Gibraltar, May 6, arrived in Plymouth
Sound on Saturday afternoon. On Friday night, off
Scilly, in a heavy squall from the eastward, she lost
her maintopgallant mast, and then got up steam.
The gunboat Steady is ordered to be put in com-
mission at Plymouth, with a complement of 60 men.
The Powerful, No. 16, screw transport, Captain
Richards, arrived at Spithead on Saturday from
China, with invalids, passengers, and military
stores. On the 2d of March the Powerful fell in
with a violent hurricane, which lasted two days,
and continued of the same violent character through-
out. The Powerful being on the outer edge of the
hurricane, Capt. Richards kept her before it, and
thus escaped with but little damage. H.M.S. Esk,
Capt. Sir R. M'Clure, which, on the Powerful's ar-
riving at the Mauritius, was found at anchor, had
been caught more in the centre of the same hurri-
cane, and had consequently suffered more severely
The Esk was on her way home to England.
The following appointments were made on Satur-
day at the Admiralty :—G. Parker, naval cadet, to
the Melpomene; E. C. Baker, master's assistant, to
the Cygnet; D. M. Browne, master's assistant, to
the Steady.

TILE ARMY.

Major-General H. Eyre visited Sheerness on
Saturday, for the purpose of making the half-yearly
inspection of the depot brigade of Royal Artillery
at that garrison. He expressed the satisfaction he
experienced in witnessing the improvement which
both officers and men had made in their drill since
the time of his last official visit. They were still
far from being perfect, but he had no doubt, judging
from the great improvement made during the last
six months, that on the occasion of the next inspec-
tion they would be equal to any of the batteries or
depot brigades of artillery. Gen. Eyre witnessed
some excellent shot and shell practice from the
platform battery with the 68-pounder and 10-inch
guns, under the direction of Lieut.-Col. Talbot.

The 100-pounder Armstrong guns which are
ordered to be supplied for the forts and batteries in
the Chatham district will be mounted, in the first
instance, on the most prominent points of the sea
defence line of fortifications at the entrance to the
Medway, in positions commanding the vulnerable
approaches to that river. The whole of the 68-
pounder and 10 inch guns now mounted viz the
Martello tower erected out in the estuary of the
Medway, opposite the Isle of Grain are to be re-
moved, and their places supplied with the long-
range Armstrong guns.
The detachment of Royal Artillery, under the
command of Lieut. Thurlow, have dismounted the
whole of the heavy armament at the batteries at
Coalhouse Point and Shornmeade, near Gravesend,
as a preliminary to the partial dismantling of
those buildings in order to their being recon-
structed on a much larger scale. The large stores
of ammunition and shell formerly stored in the bat-
teries have been removed to Purfleet, the powder
being deposited in the floating magazines and the
shot and shell piled in suitable places at the rear
of the land magazines.
The 26th (Cameronians), under the command of
Lieut.-Col. Carey, were inspected in Holyrood
Park on Tuesday by Major-Gen. Walker, ou occa-
sion of the arrival of the regiment at Edinburgh
from Dublin. The regiment appeared in excellent
condition, and went through field movements with
great precision.

The 3d Royal Surrey Militia, who mustered up-
wards of 700, were inspected on the 17th inst. by
Col. D. Lysons, C. 8., assistant-adjutant-general,
who complimented them highly for their efficiency.
The sth West York Militia, numbering 440 men,
have just completed their annual training at Knares-
borough, under the command of Col. Kaye. Before
the regiment was dismissed it was presented with a
set of regimental colours by Mrs. Lister Kaye.
Major-Gen. Crawfurd inspected the 3d Royal
Middlesex Militia, 600 strong, under the command
of Lieut.-Col. Glossop, on Wednesday, the 15th
inst., when he expressed himself highly satisfied
with the appearance of the men.

The 2d West York Militia (Light Infantry) a corps
650 strong, have just completed their annual train-
ing at York, under the command of Col, Smythe,
M.P. They were reviewed by Major-Gen, Lord W.
Paulet, who complimented them highly on their
efficiency.

The 6th West York Militia, 500 strong, have just
finished their annual training at Halifax. They
were reviewed by Col. Campbell, C. 8., who ex-
pressed himself highly satisfied with the discipline
and military operations of both the men and their
officers.

The Ist division of the Highland Rifle Militia,
composed of two companies (the Wester Ross and
Sutherland) under the command of Major M'Leay,
was inspected on the 10th inst. at Fort George, by
Col. Gordon, C.B. Col. Gordon expressed his satis-
faction with the efficiency of the troops, and especi-
ally with the progress which had been made by the
recruits, who after only 20 days' service were able
to march past and manoeuvre with the rest of the
division, both in battalion and light drill. He com-
mended the thorough knowledge of drill shown by
the company officers, and was particularly struck
with the precision with which the bayonet exercise
had been executed. The number of Volunteers pre-
sent was 151 rank and file. There were only 12
absentees; and when it is considered that the no-
tices to attend were only issued 10 days previous to
the day of assembly, that many of the volunteers
live in remote districts o
the effectivewasstroennlgythoff,
go
south
theoo westfdoronew.coorakslt,,n andt
thehe
nrasidered a
mthuasttersome must obfe t
Choc
Sutherland company,
which is 88 rank and file, there
absentee. There was not a single casekinl
drunkenness, and no irregularity of any
occurred, with the exception of a case of assault of
a very trivial nature. The 2d division E and F
(Caithness) Companies assemble for training at Fort
George on the 27th inst.

THE PUBLIC RECORDS.—Sir F. Palgrasp, the
Deputy-keeper of the Public Records, states in his report for
1660 that in the course of the year upwards of 13,000 docu-
ments in his custody were inspected, by literary inquirers,
in addition to the papers consulted by business applicants.
A body of historical matter of the highest importance,
which formally was virivally inaccessible to the public at
large, is now freely opened to every individual interested in
the religious, political or social, biographical, or sAthetical
history Of the realm or its depgadencies.

2,lrE licryqA.RlAN CHAMBER OF
DEPUTIES.

VIENNA, MAY 24.

in `be morning of yesterday M.
DeAakt
ascendedlloei°c
k the ein the Hungarian Cham-
ber of Depu ties, and made 6 speech which was lis-
tened to with breathless attention, although it was
of great lengot. A day or two before the speech
was delivered M. 11,eak made somealterations in it,
so that an analysis of it, which three days ago ap-
peared in a Paris paper, cannot be quite correct.
The speech, which °envies nine closely printed
columns of the Vienna Wa7.4erer, is in '...uhetance
as follows :--
"In former times the disputes bet%ceen the Sove-
reign and the Hungarian nation arose frt.'s the two
parties giving different interpretations to laws
the validity of which was recognised by bot:2.-
At present the Austrian Government is trying to
force Hungary to accept a promulgated (oetroirt)
Constitution in lieu of those fundamental laws to
which she is so warmly attached. On the side of
Hungary are right and justice; on the other side
is physical force (nzaterielle gewalt). Such being
the state of things, both firmness and circumspec-
tion are necessary. Should the Hungarian Diet
yield in matters of vital importance it would be
guilty of treason to the nation • should it run unne-
iussary risks it would be equally culpable.
What form must the first address of the Hun-
n.aLian Diet have, and what must it contain? There
are three questions to be replied to. The first is,
What shall the Diet say ?' The second, 'To
whom shall it say what is to be said ?' The third,
1 In what ..form shall the result of its deliberations
be made known ?' I move that we reply as follows
to the first question :—' During the last 12 years we
have suffere.4 grievous wrongs. The Constitution
which we inherited from our forefathers was taken
from us ; we we're governed absolutely, and patriot-
ism was consider...-.d a crime. Suddenly his Majesty
resolved to enter Ole path of constitutionalism, and
the diploma of Oct. 20, 1860, appeared. The docu-
ment encroached on our constitutional independence,
inasmuch as it transferred to a foreign assembly
(the Reichsrath) the right to grant the supplies of
money and men, and made the Hungarian Govern-
ment dependent on the Austrian, which is not re-
sponsible for its acts. if Hungary accepted the
diploma of Oct. 20 she would cease to be herself ; she,
to all intents and purposes, would be an Austrian
province. The present policy of the Austrian Go-
vernment is a direct violation of the Pragmatic
Sanction—the fundamental treaty (Grundvertrag),
which the Hungarian nation in 1723 concluded with
the reigning family. [Here M. Deak quotes docu-
ments which prove that the Hungarian nation gave
to the female line of the Hapsburgs the right to
reign in Hungary, on condition that the future
Sovereigns of that line should govern according to
the existing laws of the country or according to the
laws which might in future be made.] The Emperor
Joseph IL, who was never crowned in Hungary,
governed the kingdom absolutely; but its inhabi-
tants never recognised him as their lawful Sove-
reign. Maria Theresa was the first 'King' who in
virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction ascended the
throne of Hungary, and she faithfully fulfilled all
the conditions of that bilateral treaty, Leopold 11.,
the second Hungarian King, who ascended the
throne on the death of Joseph 11. (who reigned
without being crowned) signed an inaugural diploma
took the usual coronation oath, and, besides, sanc-
tioned the 10th Article of the laws of 1790, which
guarantees to Htingary all her constitutional rights
and privileges. (The law is quoted.) Francis 1., in
his inaugural diploma, guaranteed the maintenance
of the rights, liberties and laws of the nation, and
in the 33d year of his reign (1825) he solemnly re-
cognised the validity of the abovementioned 10th
Article, of the laws of 1790, King Ferdinand V.
(i.be ex-Emperor Ferdinand I. of Austria) gave
similar guarantees in his inaugural diploma, and
besides sanctioned the laws of 1848. By the Prag-
matic Sanction Hungary and Austria are united in
the ' person' of the Sovereign, but there is no trace
in any of our laws of a real' union between the
two countries. The male line of the Hapsburgs
was extinct in 1740 (Charles 111. died in that year),
and Hungary would have been at liberty to elect
her own King had not the Pragmatic Sanction
been concluded in 1723. Hungary is not a member
of the German Diet, because she has never been an
integral part of the Austrian empire.* We must
therefore, solemnly declare that we insist on the
restoration of our constitutional independence and
self-government, which we consider the fundamental
principles of our national existence. We can on no
account allow the right to vote the supplies of
money and men to be taken from us. We will not
make laws for other countries, and will share our
right to legislate for Hungary with no one but the
King. We will neither send deputies to the pre-
sent Reichsrath, nor take any share in the repre-
sentation of the empire.'
" The Hungarian Diet must be completed by
mcana of the rcpresentativFla of Crnntia, Slavonia,
the Military Frontiers, Fiume, and Transylvania.
Until those countries are properly represented the
Hungarian Diet will be incomplete, and can neither
legislate nor enter into negotiations for the
coronation, (Here M. Deak states that Hungary
is ready and willing to treat with Croatia, a coun-
try which is allied but was never incorporated'
with Hungary.)
" The laws of 1848, which were sanctioned by the
King, have been set aside. We have neither a
Parliamentary Government nor a responsible Min-
istry. Our press laws, with trial by jury, have
never been restored. In direct opposition to our
laws taxes have been imposed with absolute power,
' and those unlawfully imposed taxes are now levied
by force of arms.' We must, in as far as Hungary
is concerned, protest against the form of the Act of
Abdication of his Majesty Ferdinand V. On the
2d of December, 1848, he abdicated as Emperor of
Austria. Hungary is not a province of Austria,
and, in order that the rights of the country may be
properly secured, his Majesty must be petitioned to
inform the Diet that he on that day in question
renounced all claim to the throne of Hungary.'
The Archduke Francis Charles must also be re-
quested to declare that he has renounced all claim
to the throne in question. Many of our fellow-
countrymen are still in exile, and many others are
pining in dungeons. Until the former are allowed
to return to their homes and the latter are set at
liberty, we can have no confidence in the assertion
that the absolute system has been done away with
and Constitutionalism introduced in its stead.

By the coronation the Emperor will become the
lawful King of Hungary, but that solemn act can-
not take place until certain legal conditions have
been fulfilled. These conditions are--that Hungary
must have back her constitutional independence and
her territorial and political integrity. The Diet
must be completed, the fundamental laws restored,
the Parliamentary Government and the Hungarian
responsible Ministry reintegrated, and all the con-
sequences of the absolute system done away with.
" To whom must the Diet address language like
the foregoing 9—To the Emperor Francis Joseph,
who convoked the Diet and de facto has sovereign
powers in Hungary.
" In what form shall the result of the delibera-
tions of the Diet be made knoqn ?—ln the form of
an address rather than of a resolution, because no
resolves of the Diet can have legal force until they
have been sanctioned by the Emperor. A manifesto
would be even less expedient than a resolution, as
it would make an amicable understanding almost
impossible." _

The foregoing analysis of M. Deak's speech will
enable you to form a correct idea of the feeling of
the Hungarian nation towards Austria. Deak is
the temperate leader of the most moderate party in
Hungary, and unpopular with the Ultra-Radicals,
because he professes to love Hungary more than he
hates her enemies. While delivering his speech
Beak was not interrupted by cheers, but at the con-
clusion of each of its three divisions there was a
perfect tempest of applause. M. von Nyary, who
is one of the leaders of the party to which poor
Teleki belonged, made objections to Deak's propo-
sitions, but very little attention was paid to what he
said. The debate on Deak's motion will begin on
Thursday, the 16th inst. In the evening of the
12th inst. there was a very serious disturbance at
Raab, a town about halfway between Vienna and
Buda. Four desertors belonging to the newly-
formed volunteer regiment of Hussars were taken
to R2ab, and the inhabitants of the place made a
violent attempt to liberate i•hem from their prison.
The sentries being attacked called for assistance,
which was speedily given. A conflict ensued,
during which several soldiers were wounded and
two or three killed. The whole garrison was then
called out, and several volleys were fired into the
very midst of the crowd. The Austrians at Raab
appear to have imitated the example given by the
Russian at Warsaw. The fight lasted from half-past
9 in the evening till 12 at night, and there is reason
to fear that many of the people were either killed
c'r wounded. Early in the morning of the 13th
( Yesterday) the four deserters were escorted to
t :e railway station by two companies of soldiers,
aad sent to this city. It is reported that a whole
sqUatiron of volunteer Hussars has deserted from

Formerly the Austrian Government continually spoke
of the " Erlander" (hereditary German provinces), but
sine() an attempt has been made to incorporate litillgarY
t,he eNprvsicil has foyer been officially used.

their quarters in Moravia; but the news requires
confirmation. The Vienna Telegraphic Correspon-
dence Bureau, which is under official superinten-
dence, told us that Lord John Russell had de
Glared in the House of Commons that the
Hingarians demanded the restoration of institutions
which were " veraltet" (out of date) ; but on look-
ing at the speech, which his Lordship made on the
10th inst. in reply to Mr. Peacocke, I find that he
employed the word " ancient."
In the Austrian Chamber of Deputies yesterday
the principal question was that of the revision of the
promulgated rules of order. M. von Plener gave
some explanations on financial matters, and spoke
with great fluency and ease. Dr. Giskra (Brunn)
is a first-rate orator, and his voice is very like that
of the Chancellor of the British Exchequer. He
speaks quite as fluently as that right hon. gentle-
ma:'; and is never monotonous. The Galicians and
Czechs were so dissatisfied with the resuit of the
debate on the Address that they thought of return-
ing to their homes; but, fortunately for Austria,
they are still here. The Chamber of Deputies pre-
sented its Address to the Emperor at two o'clock
this afternoon.

The rate of exchange on London has fallen to
138.20.

MAY 16.

At half-past one o'clock yesterday afternoon the
members of the Austrian Chamber of Deputies* re-
paired to the Imperial Palace in order to present
their Address to the Emperor. The President of
the House having read the Address, his Majesty
opened a sheet of paper which he had in his hand
when he entered the throne-room, and read from it
the following reply :
" The cause of the appearance of the Chamber
of Deputies here is very pleasing to me. The Ad-
dress presented is of greater value, as it is a mani-
festation of the loyalty and patriotism of the elect
of my people. lam convinced that the patriotic
sentiments to which you have unanimously' (ein-
muthig) given expression are entertained by the in-
habitants of all my kingdoms and countries. The
representatives of my peoples cannot well fail to
come to an understanding, if they ' temperately'
(masvoll) aim at establishing the wolth.ing of the
whole (empire) on the prosperity of its several
parts. I look forward with confidence to a happy
result to y our labours, and with the blessing of
Heaven it will not be wanting.
" Accept my thanks, and count on my Imperial
grace and favour."
In the foregoing short speech are two passages
which are calculated to produce an erroneous impres-
sion abroad. Forty-eight members of the Lower
Chamber declined to vote either for or against the
Address, and the representatives of Galicia on Mon-
day last expressly stated that if they made their
appearance when it was presented to the Emperor
it would only be to show their loyalty. The word
" unanimously" is, therefore, incorrectly used. On
Saturday, the 11th inst., the discussion was so in-
temperate that it produced a most disagreeable im-
pression on the public. In high official circles it is
believed that the Emperor would have been better
pleased with the Address if it had received one or
two of the alterations proposed by the non-German
members of the Lower Chamber. The draught of
the Bill relative to the irresponsibility and in-
violability of the members of the Reichsrath and
Provincial Diets is as follows :
" 1. The members of the Reichsrath and Provin-
cial Diets can never be called to account for the
way in which they vote. For the opinions to which
they may give expression they are only responsi-
ble to the House on the basis of the rules of order'
(auf Grund der Geschaftsordnung).
" 2. No member of the Reichsrath or of the Pro-
vincial Diets can, during the Session, be arrested
for a punishable offence without the concurrence of
the House, unless he be taken in the very act, or
unless the purposes of justice would be defeated by
his being left at large. If a member of either of
the Houses is taken in flagrante, and arrested, in-
formation of what has occurred must immediately
be given to its President."

The Bill is not likely to pass the Lower House as
it now stands, for almost all its members will object
to the passage which is italicised in the second
paragraph, because it leaves an opening for invidi-
ous and arbitrary proceedings on the part of the
Imperial authorities. The Upper Chamber has ad-
journed until the end of the month, and the Lower
Chamber until Monday, the 27th inst.
The sole topic of conversation is M. Beak's speech
which has prodneed a most riicogrnoahlo impression
on the German inhabitants of the empire, as they
see by it that they will long have to bear more than
their due share of the burdens of the State. Should
the Address be in the sense of the speech of the
renowned statesman and jurisconsult, a very ener-
getic Royal Rescript will be sent to the Hungarian
Diet. Should that be of no avail, the Diet will be
dissolved, and an attempt made to obtain Hun-
garian members for the Austrian Reichsrath by
means of direct elections. The Hungarians are
fully prepared for this, and appear to be resolved
not to send a single deputy to Vienna. It is, how-
ever, possible that the Government may be able to
persuade the Slovacks (a Slavic race) in the western
part of Upper Hungary to elect some representa-
tives, as they were very docile and serviceable when
Count Leo Thun, the ex-Minister for Ecclesiastical
Affairs, wanted to bring about a schism in the Pro-
testant Church in Hungary. The refusal of the Hun-
garians to have anything to do with the Austrian
Reichsrath is the more annoying to the Imperial
Government because the "engerer" (more confined)
Reichsrath is not competent in matters which con-
cern the empire at large. The Minister of Finances
is in great need of money, and the stubbornness of
the Hungarians is said to disturb his rest. The
Wiener Zeitung of to-day has a long article on the
present forcible levy of taxes in Hungary, but it
needs no particular notice. The sense of the thing
is that, as the inhabitants of Hungary will not
voluntarily pay what they owe to the State, they
must be made to do so, and at the same time to
defray the expenses of the military tax-gatherers.
The Croatians are also greatly in arrear with their
taxes, but they ale so very poor that they could
not pay them if they would. The Viennese be-
lieve that the Croato-Slavonian Diet will send de-
puties to the Austrian Reichsrath, because the Em-
peror has promised to allow the inhabitants of the
military districts to send representatives to Agram ;
but they deceive themselves. The South Slaves
feel no sympathy for Austria, and are by no means
likely to be so " gullible" as they were in 1848 and
1849. The negotiations between the Croatian and
Dalmatian deputations, which are now hero, failed
because the Dalmatians declared that they would
not agree to a union between their native country
and Croatia " until the latter was united to Hun-
gary." Lieutenant-General Baron von Mertens,
who presided at the conference between the two
deputations, asked the Dalmatians if they would
vote for the union of their native country with
Croatia if the latter was united with Hungary, and
they one and all candidly avowed that they would
not. A feeling of hostility to the Hungarians has
arisen in the Servian Voivodina, and it is attributed
to the instrumentality of Major-General von
Stratimirovich, who has very great influence with
his fellow-countrymen.