The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-05 00:00:00

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Lombard . .

POLAND.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
WARSAW, AUG. 28.

General Count Lambert has arrived at last, and
entered on his office of Lieutenant-General of the
kingdom of Poland. His first acts upon his assum-
ing the Governorship have had a good effect, and
it was high time for such a change, as the situation
has been made almost intolerable by his predeces-
sor. The irritation and mutual hatred between
Poles and Russians have attained their highest
pitch. People and soldiers are exasperated by the
prolongation of this passive resistance on both sides.
The permanent display of the military force in the
streets of Warsaw has alike served to revive the
animosity of the people and to brutalise the soldiers.
It was high time to put an end to such an abnormal
state of things, as it might have resulted in fright-
ful consequences.
The first disposition issued by General Lambert
was the withdrawal of the troops from the public
places and streets. This step has produced a re-
markable effect upon the population, so much so
that the new Viceroy is to be seen in the streets
lalmost alone and without General Suchozanet s
customary escort of Cossacks. This proof of confi-
dence on the part of the Viceroy is fully appre-
ciated by the public, who receive him
everywhere with marks of respect and hopeful
cheers, while General Suchozanet used to order his
Cossacks to make hunts after street boys who had
not taken off their caps in a proper manner.
General Lambert has equally made a very good
impression by the affable manner with which he
meets those who have any intercourse with him.
It is to be hoped that he will have the good
fortune of answering the confidence and the hopes
placed in him, but his task is of the highest difficulty,
and his best endeavours cannot lead to any good
result if a total change of policy towards Poland is
not in contemplation. A mild and humane admi-
nistration can for a time produce a lull in the
general exasperation of the people, but real conces-
sions only can pacify this long-tried country.
Very few people expect any notable good
from the reforms and instructions of which General
Lambert is said to be the bearer, but many people
indulge in the hope that he will put a stop to the
merciless persecutions which, in a most revengeful
manner, are carried on secretly. A great many
persons have been arrested nightly at their dwell-
ings, or stopped in the streets or churches, and
carried away, so that not a clue is left as to where
they have been transported. The fortress of Modlin
is crowded with prisoners sent in from the different
provincial towns. All classes of society have their
representatives there—clergy, nobility, gentry,
tradespeople, and peasants have an equal share in
these razzias of the Russian proconsuls. Many have
been sent from thence into the interior of proper
Russia, especially clergymen and public func-
tionaries. It is the old system of Nicholas, which
has been revived by General Suchozanet, and for
the execution of which he has called around him
the same men who, during the late reign, have been
its most active tools. Nothing could conciliate
more to General Lambert general confidence than
by putting a stop to this barbarous violation of
legal forms and human principles.
Whilst the inhabitants of the kingdom of Poland
are in a moment of hopeful suspense, the heavy
hand of revengefulness and terrorism weighs upon
the Polish provinces incorporated with Russia.
This part of Poland, though inhabited by the same
race of people, is considered by the Russians as an
integral part of their empire, and no greater crime
can be imputed to its inhabitants than that of
speaking their own language, of praying according
to the faith of their forefathers, of sympathising
with their relatives in other parts of Poland ; in a
word, the crime remembering, and so hoping. The
revival of the national spirit could not but be shared
by the nation at large, and all the parts of Poland
have proved recently that neither time nor a long
terrible slavery can destroy the vitality of a once
powerful, civilised, and large nation. Althoughthere are very scanty news from those parts, as a.,
communication, even that by post, has cut off,
still we learn here from tiale to time of fearful
per:woo/1/4)in, going on in Lithuania, Podolia, and
Ukraine. The recent massacres at Wilna could
have been anticipated by the following ordinance,
published last week by the Director of Police of
that town. Its contents show well enough the
ferocity and the imFlacability of the Russian
authorities :

1. The singing of exciting hymns in the streets
as well as in churches is most severely forbidden,

being an infringement of the sanctity of the house
God and of the respect due to the authority, as
also any assemblage in the streets.
2. Should the inhabitants dare show disobedience
to the present ordinance, they are to be driven
away by military force, as it was done yesterday,
and they will incur a severe punishment according
to the laws.
3. The women and mothers are warned not to
yield to the instigations of the crowds, and are
ordered to remain quietly at home, not to expose
themselves and their children to the evident danger
arising from the use of arms.
4. It is forbidden, under the strictest responsi-
bility, to go out of doors after 9 o'clock, the time
when the tatoo is sounded; and if any one is com-
pelled by an extraordinary necessity to
go out after that time, he will not be per-
mitted to do so until provided with a lantern,
and he is bound to answer the patrols his name,
his address, the reason of his being out, end the
place where he intends to go.
5. At every gate and entrance of the town mili-
tary guards are posted. All persons coming
to town or leaving it are bound to show to them
their papers and passports, and are to declare
whither they are going and on what salt of business.
Any person acting against these orders shall be
arrested and delivered up to the Director of the
Police, to be dealt with according to further instruc-
tions.

Published by order of the Lieutenant-Governor.
The Director of Police of the town of Wilna,
(Signed) WAsILEw.
The events which gave rise to the above ordi-
nance are thus related by a reliable person :
For some time previous to the fearful massacre
which has been perpetrated in Wilna the inhabi-
tants used to walk in procession, singing hymns at
the gates of Ostra Brama, where, for centuries, a
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin has been visited by
the pious of all parts of Poland. On the 18th inst.,
whilst the assemblage was larger than usual, they
found themselves suddenly surrounded by infantry
and Cossacks. Notwithstanding the crowd began
to disperse quietly through the gates, the sol-
diers rushed upon them at a givel3 signal and began
the work of slaughter with their lances and bayo-
nets, whilst the Cossacks trampled down, with
wild shrieks, old men, women, and children, of
whom the crowd was chiefly composed. The shrieks
of the victims caused the greatest indignation, and
it required superhuman forbearance and the greatest
exertions on the part of some citizens to restrain
the people from throwing themselves with their
unarmed hands upon the soldiers. As much as
could be ascertained up to the present time
eight persons were killed on the spot, and more
than 100 wounded. The number of persons who
have been arrested can be reckoned by hundreds,
many women amongst them, and the utmost con-
sternation now prevails in the whole Lithuania.
The Marshal of the nobility, Domejko ; the Presi-
dent of the Civil Tribunal, Czeehowicz ; and the
General Trylinski, are to wait upon the Governor
Nazimow, in order to make the necessary repre-
sentations.
Before closing my letter I feel bound to state that
the rumour of a man, a spy, having been found
hanged in this city is likely to turn out one of the
usual canards of the German newsmonger, as no
one here knows anything about it, though the re-
port is of more than a week's date.