The Sun.
London, England, 1861-03-08 00:00:00

Rome exactly the same consequences would ensue, and th
Government of the Pope would be at an end. (Cheers.)
Then, the real question is not whether the Sardinian Go-
vernment is preferable or not to these Governments, but,
these Governments being thus distasteful, not to say ab-
horrent, to the people, was it any Lusiness of the English
Government to say, "However much you detest your Go-
vernment and prefer to live under the King of Sardinia,
however much you may, wish for Italian unity, we, the
English Government, are'deternoined to oppose your wishes
and to employ the force of England to prevent you from ob-
taining your independence ?" Was that a course that any
English Minister would take, or that this house would ap-
prove ? (Hear.) It is not necessary to prove that the King
of Sardinia's is a good Government, but I see with great
pleasure that an Italian Parliament is assembled, that per-
sons duly elected by the provinces of Italy have taken their
seats, and that they have met to carry on a constitutional
Government, in which freedom of conscience and political
liberty may be completely enjoyed. (Cheers.) The hon.
gentleman the member for Sheffield says we ought to con-
sider what is our policy, and ought to prevent the expulsion
of Austria from Venetia. There, again, is a question for the
people, themselves. I should be very glad to see that Power
maintained, because I quite agree with my right hon. friend
(the Chancellor of the Exchequer) that during many con-
tests in Europe for two centuries past we have often con-
tended in the same cause, and against the preponderance of
other Powers. with Austria. I agree with him that Austria
is a great, regular, and conservative Power in the middle of
Europe, that tends to preserve many of the political and
social advantages which Europe enjoys. With regard to
Venetia, it is true that Austria has adopted a representative
constitution. It is for those who are summoned as repre-
sentatives of the province of Austria to decide what their
policy shall be ; but I believe it will be found so difficult to.
retain the affections of the people of Venetia, and that the
Austrian garrisons are so costly, that it is not for the inte-
rest of Austria to continue making such heavy sacrifices as
the preservation of Venetia requires. I think, therefore,
that it would be better for Austria herself that Venetia
should be governed according to her own wishes and aspi
rations. But I can never lay down the principle, as the
hon. gentleman seems to wish, that this country should go
to war for the purpose of maintaining the Austrian power
in 'Venetia.

Mr. ROEBUCK said he never wished that war should
be declared, but that persons coining from other parts of
Europe should be prevented from attacking the Austrian
dominions.

Lord J. RUSSELL—With regard to a war of aggression
that is a different matter, upon stoich when the time comes
it will be sufficient to enter. The hon. member for Lime-
rick says that the people of Italy destest one another so
much that they bever can form one country. It is for
them to decide that. If their mutual hatreds are so great
they will not fail to find expression in the Parliament of
Turin, and separation will probably be the result. But„
having known something both of Spain and Italy, I should
say that the hatred which exists in Spain between one pro-
vince and another, between Castille and Andalusia, or be-
tween Valencia andi
which is to be found in Italy. Yet Spain has been go-
verned for a long period by one monarch ; and any jealousy
or dislike that may exist between the people of neighbour-
ing provinces has never been urged as a ground for consti-
tuting a Federal State or of separating one province from
another. If the people of Italy can get over the jealousies
and dislikes, let them form one united people. (Cheers.)
Unfortunately there are objections to that course from very
opposite quarters and of the most opposite character.
France is disposed to think that it would be much better
for her to have a number of weak separate States in Italy
than one strong State exercising a pressure on the South as
unpleasant as the pressure on the North. Germany, again,
fears that an united Italy would be sure to take part against
her with France. Now, it seems to me to be rather hard
on the Italians, who have not yet constituted an united
Italy, and are free to choose their policy, to bring such ob-
jections against them, and to assume that they will adopt
this or that disagreeable line of policy. I believe that
when they are united they will look solely to the interests
of Italy, and will go to war for or against France, or
perhaps remain neutral, just as may seem most beneficial
for their country. (Hear, hear.) Although I hold that
we were not only at liberty to interfere ourselves, but were,
bound to use our influence to prevent others from interfer-
ing in the affairs of Italy, I do not disguise the great satis-
faction I feel at the prospect which is opening before that
country. If it be a crime to wish that the people of Italy
should be free to use the intellect with which it has pleased
Providence to endow them, and to tread, as our own
nation has done, the path of constitutional Tiber ty, then it
is a crime of which I must plead guilty. (Hear, hear.) I
should heartily rejoice in that result. It appears to me
to be no obstacle to their progress that in no former period
of history has Italy been united. It was because Italy
was disunited, because three centuries ago a great Power
found it expedient to break the country up into separate
States, that Italian independence was destroyed. What is
more natural than that the Italians should say, " Our di-
visions have ruined our independence, lot us try if our
union will not restore it ?" (Hear, hear:) I shall not enter
into all the particular accusations which have been made
against myself on this subject. They are of the most con-
flicting character. The hon. member for Ring's County
charges me with extreme partiality for Austria •, the hon.
baronet the member for Dundalk charges me with a desire
to see Austria dismembered. Austria occupies a most
difficult position at this moment, but it is my earnest
wish, as it should be of every Englishman, that she
may so reconcile the various parts of her monarchy as
to satisfy the wishes of her subjects, and maintain her
place as a great Power in Europe. That, however, is also
a question in which we cannot interfere; and it must de-
pend on the wisdom of the Austrian Government whe-
ther within the next three months, that State re-esta-
blishes her position, or whether she takes a step that may
be injurious, if not fatal, to the recovery of her influence in
Europe. (Hear, hear,) I Yejoice to observe the strength
lately acquired by constitutional parties in almost every
country of Europe. After a long interval, we see in the
Senate of France a revival of liberty of speech which is
really quite delightful. One gentleman with a great historic
name, the Marquis de Larochejaqueleis, has delivered a
opPc.oh abusing the poltry of England, but I perused it with
no less pleasure on that account, being satisfied that free dis-
cussion must, in the long run, after, no doubt, much bicker-
ing and mutual accusation, tend to promote greater confi-
dence and amity between the two nations. (Hear.) In Aus-
tria and Hungary representative assemblies have been sum-
moned. In Prussia there have been signs of greater indepen-
dence in a Chamber which has hitherto seemed a mockery of
a representative assembly. (Hear.) I hope that the unfortu-
nate occurrence which has lately taken place at Warsaw will
lead to the recovery by the Poles of some of the ancient pri-
vileges of which they were deprived after the events of
1831: On almost every side, indeed, we witness the progress
of constitutional liberty; and an ancient and classic land of
freedom like our own cannot but rejoice in the success of
principles to which we are so much attached. My object,
as one of the Ministers of her Majesty's Government, has
been to follow, not a party policy, but a national policy.
(Hear.) Although my administration has elicited a good
deal of criticism from the party in Opposition, I do not
understand that they venture to condemn it ; and I trust
and believe that the great majority of my countrymen ap
prove a policy which is favourable to the liberty of Italy, and
to the interests of Europe. (Cheers.)
Mr, WHITE remarked that he had ventured to cry
" Oh, oh," when the hon. and learned member for Sheffield
was eulogising Austria, upon which the hon. gentleman had
reminded the house how he had always sympathised with the
oppressed and among others, with the Canadians. He
could only say that the population of Venetia were much
more deserving of sympathy than the Canadians, and that
he could not compliment the hon, and learned member on
his "latest style," to borrow a phrase from art, as being
his best. It had been proclaimed in the city that the hon•
member for Sheffield would return to this country the
eulogist of Austria, because he was received in gilded
saloons by Archdukes and Archduchesses—(laughter)—and
it was rumoured that the Ivza. member had come back from
Vienna with a very lue:rative contract in his pocket. (Oh,
oh.) In reply to Ito statement that it would be a material
advantage to this country to uphold the dominion of Austria
in Italy, tie must observe that Italy united under one
monar,a, with a moderate tariff—(laughter)—would bes
wit la the exception of the United States, the best customer
of Great Britain.

Mr. LINDSAY then moved the adjournment of the de-
bate, but withdrew the motion on being informed by Lon/
Palmerston that he would have an opportunity before a.
vote was taken with respect to the construction of ships
and the expenditure of the dockyards, to propose the mo-
tion of which he had given notice on those subjects.
Mr. HENNESSY explained that the numbers he had
given respecting the eleetions in Italy were drawn from an.
official document.

In reply to Sir S. NORTHCOTE,
Lord PALMERSTON said that on Monday the Go-
vernment would wish the numbers both of the army and
the navy to be voted in Committee of Supply, in order to
form the foundation for the Mutiny Bills..
The house resolved into Committee of Supply,pro forma,
and immediately afterwards resumed..
The Qualification for Offices BIP, was read a third -time,
and passed.
The house adjourned at halt'-past twelve o'clock.

Pills and medicine invariably
avate and perpetiate diseases ; their annoyanoe, dis-
appointment, Ara expense may be avoided by persons
in indifferent health sending only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
will receive gratis and free by post the " INvAraos' OWN
GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex
pmse, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, an&
refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal
of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints,
nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitatiot
cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrheas,
dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds.
noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions.
hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpt•
tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms.
sinking, fits, bronchitis —"ljnauestionably the safest Guide
to health."

BIRTHS.
ANDERSON.-011 the sth inst., at 40, Minto-street, 14din-
burgh, the wife of Captain Anderson, 78th Highlanders,
of a son.
BRAITHIVAITE.—On the sth inst., at 65, Mnrnington-
road, Regent's-park, the wife of Joseph B. Israithwaite p
barrister-at Jaw, of a son.
MARLING.—On the 6th inst., at Stanley 'House, Glouces-
tershire, the wife of William H. MarY,ng, Esq., of a sou
and heir.