The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-17 00:00:00

TIM NAVY.

The screw steamship Royal Albert, 121, Captain
Edward B. Rice, bearing the 'flag of Rear-Admiral
Sir Charles Fremantle, was towed out of Plymouth
Sound on Wednesday afternoon by the steam-tugs
Zephyr and Confiance, and proceeded under canvas
for Portland. Mr. Redl's code of signals will be
tried on board the ships of the squadron, and a
report will be made of the trial by. Mr. Colombe,
flag lieutenant to-Rear-Admiral Sir P;Paslcy, mho
is on board the Royal Albert to superintend their
working.
The paddlewheel steamvessel Pigmy, 3, W.
Johnson master, left Plymouth on Wednesday for
Portsmouth.

The screw steamship Aboukir, 90, was placed at
her sailing moorings, in Hamoaze, yesterday
morning. . _

The -screw steamship Donegal, 101, was taken
from the sheer hulk in Hamoaze to the Devonport
dockyard yesterday morning.
The screw steamship Exmouth, 90, was weighing
anchor in Plymouth Sound yesterday morning for
the Mediterranean. The Cressy, 80, was to follow
in the afternoon.

The London, 90, will sail on Saturday for the
same station, unless the order be countermanded in
the meantime.
Her Majesty's paddle steamer Bann, Captain
Williams, on survey service, put into Falmouth
short of fuel on Tuesday, and sailed again on Wed-
nesday for the Scilly Islands and neighbourhood.
The, Pearl, 21, screw corvette, Captain E. S.
Sotheby, C.B. and A.D.C., was paid off alongside
Portsmouth dockyard yesterday. The whole pro-
ceedings only occupied two hours and a-half. It is
many years since a ship's crew have been paid off
with greater credit to the service than her
Majesty's ship Pearl. Fully two-thirds of the
crew are continuous service men. The whole of the
crew, with the exception of about 20, left England
in the ship, and we are informed that the greatest
unanimity has existed between all classes on board
from the date of her commission, subject at the
same time to the most perfect discipline. Three
men will receive the medal and gratuities for long
service :—James Irvine, quartermaster ; John
Clarke, quartermaster; and William Barrett, cap-
tain of the hold. Six good-conduct gratuities were
also distributed among the crew.
Her Majesty's yacht ViCtoria and Albert was un-
docked from No. 7 dock at Portsmouth yesterday ;
it was found that no injury was received from her
recently getting on shore when conveying her
Royal Highness the Princess Frederick William to
Antwerp. _

The Royal Sovereign, 131, screw steamship, was
yesterday removed from the steam basin to moor-
ings up Portsmouth harbour.
The Duke of Wellington, 131, screw steamship,
was brought down to Portsmouth harbour and
placed in No. 8 dock yesterday for the purpose of
cleaning her copper, &c.
The hired troopship Medway, which sailed from
Woolwich on August 1, 1858, with Major Pipon's
company of Royal Artillery for Colombo, returned
to Woolwich yesterday morning, and landed a few
invalids belonging to Captain Taswell's sth battery,
10th brigade of Siege Artillery, relieved by Major
Pipon. The Medway subsequently removed to
the London docks, whence the remainder of the
troops, about 90 efficient men, wore transhipped to
join their brigade at head-quarters, Guernsey. The
Medway was 129 days at sea, during which time
four deaths and one birth occurred. The officers of
the ship while in Ceylon purchased a number of
indigenous birds and animals for transport to Eng-
land, among which was a female buffalo, which
supplied the ship with two quarts of good milk
daily during the voyage.
The sailing transport Jabez, of Scarborough,
moored alongside Woolwich pier yesterday, and
commenced shipping war stores. Her cargo will
consist of 220 tons of powder, according to the
stated measurement of her magazines, and a full
complement of shot, shell, and other war stores.
The Oscar and the Violet are taking similar
freights ; the Anna Maria, the Dauntless, the
Goshawk, and other ships are receiving large sup-
plies from the Arsenal—via., the Isles of the South,
the Craigievor, the Hero, the Conqueror, the
Crystal Palace, the W. H. Chandler, the Runny-
mede, the Fontanelle, and the Horrock-hall. Her
Majesty's steamship Rhadamanthus, Master-Com-
mander Sturdee, sailed from Woolwich yesterday
for the west, carrying 150 equipped volunteers
from the receiving ship Fisgard, to join the various
ships under orders for sea. The Rhadamanthus
likewise took a cargo of boilers and steam gear.
Mr. Rice. late master shipwright, and Mr.
Vinter, storekeeper in her Majesty's dockyard,
Woolwich, have been permitted to retire from the
service, the former on a pension of £650 and the
latter of £450 per annum.
The following promotions were made yesterday :
Commander F. L. A. Selwyn, to be Captain ; and
Lieutenants T. H. M. Martin, E. Field, A. E.
Smithett, and the Hon. W. C. Talbot, M.P., to be
Commanders.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :--Commander J. C. Soady (1858)
to the Neptune ; Dr. Thomas J. Layton, surgeon,
to the Topaze ; Thomas R. Pickthorn, surgeon, to
the Sidon ; John Ward (a), surgeon, to the Scylla ;
Seaton Wade, surgeon, to the Scout; Dr. Mark
Hamilton, surgeon, to the Cossack; Dr. Win, garde,

Several weeks have elapsed since we recorded the

arrangements which had-been entered into for com-
pleting this noble vessel for sea. In this interval
much of the work which was then being contracted
for has been done, and -such great and important
progress has been Jude with the most difficult por-
tions of her equipment, that not the least doubt is
now felt of the vessel not onlyibeing finished in time,
but being well at sea before the end of September.
Saying this much is giving the highest praise to
the energy and skill with which the directors of'
the new company have exerted themselves, and it
augurs well for the general success of their future
plans that the first and most difficult undertaking
of all will be accomplished within the appointed
time. Scarcely two months ago and the great ship
was as desolate as a wreck, and with apparently as
little chance of ever going to sea. Now the funnels
are up, three masts are in and rigged; the paddle-
boxes are in ; the engines nearly finished; bulwarks
and decks complete ; and a whole army of work-
men are busily engaged getting forward her internal
fittings. Such an amount of progress, when judged
by other ships, may appear to be no great matter,
but when we reflect a moment on the details, and
find that the deck alone requires 18 miles of five-
inch planking to cover it, that the paddle-boxes are
of rolled iron, that each contains 24,000 cubic feet
and is equal in size to a vessel of 600 tons, we begin
to see that in point of labour some really astounding
progress has already been made.
When tenders for finishing the vessel were first
called for, in March last, the directors were dissa-
tisfied with all, and therefore concluded an agree-
ment with Mr. Scott Russell on the 4th of April,
leaving it to that gentleman to finish the ship upon
his own plans, and to fit her in every respect for
sea as a first-class -vessel. The contract was for
£125,000, to be completed on the 4th of September,
with a premium of Xl,OOO a week for earlier com-
pletion, and a (penalty of £lO,OOO for each
complete seven days beyond the allotted time.
This agreement includes the masts, sails, rigging,
blocks, boats, cables, engines, boilers, ironwork
and woodwork, with suitable accommodation for
500 first-class and 400 second-class passengers.
Of course a contract so extensive is not all per-
formed by Mr. Scott Russell himself, but distri-
buted in various branches among different firms
which he has been in the habit of employing for
his other ships. Thus, Messrs. Ferguson, the cele-
brated mast-makers, supply the masts and all the
spars ; Messrs. Westhorpe take the rigging, Messrs.
Hall the sails, and Messrs. Crace the decorations ;
Brown, Lennox, and Co. make the chain cables,
Messrs.. Wood supply Trotman's anchors, and
Messrs. Woolfe and Forrest the boats. Watt and
Co. finish the screw engines, and Mr. Russell the
paddle engines, and all the remaining iron and
wood work. Some of these subdivisions include
work enough to be really considered as extensive
contracts. Thus the rigging will require 900 blocks,
and no less than 70 tons of hemp rope, with 30 tons
of mixed wire and hemp 'for the standing rigging.
-11cr-sailz-vvill-eunatne nearly 12,1J00 square yards
of canvas ; she is to have 20 boats fitted with masts
and sails complete, exclusive of the two small screw
steamers, each of which is to be 100 feet long by 16
wide, of 130 tons measurement, and 40-horse power.
She is to carry upwards of a thousand fathoms of
chain cables, all of the most massive description.
Her anchors are 16 in number, ranging from one
ton to seven tons (the largest). Had she been fitted
with the Admiralty anchor, and had the old rule
been followed of requiring a certain weight of
anchor according to the vessel's tonnage, her largest
anchors must have been 25 tons each. By using
Trotman's anchors, however, the same holding
power is obtained with an anchor of seven tons. 1
There is no doubt whatever but that none but Trot- 4
man's anchors could have held her immovable at
her present moorings during the dreadful gales of
last winter. The chain cables have 'frequently
parted under the tremendous strain, but the anchors
have never drawn a single inch.
On coming into /possession of the 'vessel the
new company thought that in case of war the Great
Eastern might prove an invaluable auxiliary to the
Government, if not for carrying guns, yet still moz e
effectively, in running down the largest of the
enemy's ships, which the immense speed of the ves-
sel would enable her to overtake with perfect ease.
For this purpose, therefore, it was decided to
strengthen still more her sharp powerful bows by
laying down three complete iron decks forward, ex-
tendings from the bows backward for 120 feet.
These decks are entirely completed. They cover
8,000 square feet, and afford stowage for 1,400 tons
of cargo space. They will not, however, be used
for this purpose, but for accommodating the crew of
300 or 400 men. When this large increase of
strength forward the Great Eastern, steaming full
power, could cut in two the largest wooden line-of-
battle ship that ever floated. Of the other parts of
th© ironwork which were contracted for at least
three-quarters are already finished. The woodwork
is getting on with almost equal rapidity. All these
fittings are made on shore by means of, powerful
machiner3r, and come on board ready to be at once I
fixed in their places. When we say that the deli-
veries of these prepared materials prior to the Ist of
June included 42,000 feet of headings, 44,000 feet
of mouldings' 40,000 feet of prepared planking,
15,000 feet of matched battens—which, if laid on
end, would extend nearly 30 miles—our readers will
have a fair idea of the work now going on. Every-
thing connected with the vessel is on a gigantic
scale. Thus it requires more than six tons of paint
to give one coat to the interior ironwork, and nearly
eight tons to give one coat to the outside from the
water-line to the bulwarks. When completely rigged
she will have six masts—one forests sail mast of
wood, three mainmasts (square-rigged) of iron, one
mizenmast of wood, and one jiggermast (the last),
alsd of wood. The three wooden masts are already
placed, and almost entirely rigged ; the iron ones
will be so shortly. The last mast is a single tree
(Canada pine) about 130 feet high, and proportion-
ately thick. A finer mast never left Mr. Ferguson's
yard, though he enjoys the reputation of making
the best and strongest masts in the world. The
foremast is a built mast, as is also the mizen, but
all the topmasts, yards, and gaffs are single sticks,
of immense length and width, straight as arrows,
and free from knots or sap. The cabins, as far as
they have been yet fitted, are amply spacious when
compared with the accommodation offered by other
vessels. The berths are very ingeniously made to
fold flat against the wall during the day, and so
give much increase of room for any who may
choose to use their cabins as sitting rooms. Both
paddle and screw engines are almost completely
finished, and the former havealready been turned
by hand, and will be turned by steam by way of
trial in the course of a fortnight or so. It is quite
impossible by mere description to give any ade-
quate notion of the colossal proportions of both
these sets of engines. The paddle engines consist
of four oscillating cylinders, of 74 inches diameter
and 14 feet stroke ; each pair of cylinders, with its
crank, condenser, and airpump, forms in itself a
complete and separate engine, capable of easy dis-
connexion from the other three, so that the whole
is a combination of four engines. A friction clutch
connecting the two cranks is the means by which
the engines can be connected or disconnected. All
the sets of engines, both screw, paddle, and auxiliary;
are provided with governors, expansion, and
throttle valves. The paddle
engines will
work up to ap indicated power of
3,000 horses
of 33,0001 b., when working 11 strokes Per minute
with steam in the boiler at 151 b., the expansion
valve cutting off at one-third of the stroke. All
the parts, however, are so constructed that' they
will work smoothly either at eight strokes per
minute, at 251 b. without expansion (beyond what
is unavoidably effected in the slides), or at 16
strokes a minute with the expansion valve cutting
off at one-quarter of the stroke. Under the latter
circumstances the paddle engines alone would give
an indicated power of 5,000 horses. The boilers

The screw engines are constructed on the same
improved principles. They ,haverour cylinders of
84 inches diameter and 4 feet iroke. ''The cylin-
ders are capable of being worked together or
separately. When working 45 strokes a minute,
with steam on at 151 b. and cutting off at one-third
of the stroke, these engines give an indicated
power of 4,400 horses, but at 55 strokes a, minute,
steam on at 251 b., and cutting,off.at one-quarter of
the stroke, the power will reach to 6,500 horses.
Thus the united efforts of both screw and paddle-
engines-will drive the immense vessel through the
water with a power of no less than 12,000
horses. What fleet could stand in the way of such
a mass, weighing some 30,000 tons, and driven
through the water by 12,000-horse powerat the rate
of 22 or 23 miles an hour ? The screw engine
boilers are in three distinct' sets. Their weight is
362 tons, and their capacity for water 270 tens.
The probable consumption ,of coal when both
engines are at full work will .average 250 tons per
day. The cellular compartments at the bottom of
the ship will be used for pumping water into in-
stead of ballast, and as the webs subdividing these
are made perfectly water-tight, any one or any
number can be filled at pleasure. The trial trip
will probably take place about the end of next
September. No destination for this run has yet,
been fixed, but we would, advise the directirs, if
they wish to maintain the great reputation the ship
has already achieved with the, publio, not, to let
this matter be overlooked. A mere experimental
cruise, and a trial of her different rates of, speed,
will not give the public such implicit confidence in
the unrivalled capacity of the ship as if she ran
between two given points—say, from Portland. to
Gibraltar and back. On such a trip there could
be no mistake whatever as to her rate of speed,
which we firmly believe will surpasaeven thamost
r sanguine expectations that have yet been formed.
The objections which have been urged against this.
noble vessel are precisely of the same sort se those
which have been advanced against improvements
of every kind—against railways, steam machinery,
iron ships, and large ships. What would not have
been said 20 years ago against building such vessels
as the Himalaya or the Persia--what, in fact,
was not predicted against them when they
were built ? The Great Eastern is to be. the
Himalaya of her class, and the results, which
will be attained by her speed we believe
will revolutionise our whole mercantile marine.
Both as a commercial speculation, and as an
engineering triumph, her success is now un-
doubted, and under the energetic management of
the new company her voyages are likely to be as
lucrative as they will be rapid. The day is,not
far distant when the Great Eastern will only be
one of a class of steamers, and Mr. Brunel, to whom
alone the great ship is due, will see in such fruits
the highest reward which even his 'great skill and
enterprise can achieve.

THE PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL'

KLAPKA.

A Turin paper publisheathe following proclama-
tion by General Klapka, drawn up for, distribution
among the Hungarian soldiers in the Austrian
ranks :

" Guerrieri !—Ten years have elapsed since the
flower of your countrymen were immolated on the
altar of their native land---slaughtered by the exe-
cutioner's hand ; for ten years past our Hungarian
country has endured the yoke of Austria—for ten
years the Austrian dominator governs with arbi-
trary will, and tramples on our most sacred rights
—for ten years the Hungarian warrior serves as a
slave the foreign lord, who replies to just complaints
with blows, and rewards love- of country with
scaffolds and with bullets.

" The hour of vengeance has struck. Already the
storm gathers over the fraudulent House of Aus-
tria. Its friends abandon it. The Czar of Russia
himself now arms in a very different sense from ten
years ago, and will break its pride.
" Already the Italians, our brethren in misfor-
tune, brandish arms to conquer independence. And
you, Magyar warriors, how should you remain in
the enemy's ranks ? ow could you fight against
those who have risen to shake off the yoke of servi-
tude ?

" Oh, it cannot be that you are the mercenaries
of the oppressor ! Hasten hither, oh warriors—
hither, where the holy cause of your country sum-
mons you!

" You cannot have forgotten how many times
the Austrians were put to flight by your bayonets.
You cannot have forgotten the glorious days of
Isasezeg, Pisti, Szolnok, Nazy-Sarlo, and Komorn.
Nor will you have forgotten that Hungary has
been free and great.
Behold the time arrived to reacquire that which
has been lost, and to revenge the sanguinary
banquets of Pesth and Arad, which raised through-
out the world a cry of horror.
" Now we are no longer alone and abandoned.
The heroic King of Piedmont stands at the head of
the Italian army,. and by his side is the powerful
Emperor of the French. The flags of the two
nations combine ; France and Italy—that is the
signal of attack. They already reckon upon us,
they expect us ; how should we be the last to take
part in a war on whose result our liberation
depends ?

Unite yourselves, courageously and with con-
fidence, to the French and Italian armies ; for.none
but the vile can doubt of the successful result-7-
none but a traitor fight under the banner of
Austria.

" Hasten, then, to the Hungarian standard,
which we have raised for you. At the same time
war will break out in Hungary; the Emperor of
the French and the King of Piedmont have recoq-
nised the holiness of our cause. -we possess their
sympathy; the Italian soldiers will join us, and so
do you join yourselves to them.
" Let us form in Italy an Hungarian army, with
which, after fighting on Italian ground, we may
return to our own country to take 'part, also, in
the war of independence and honour of the ag-
yar nation.
" The independence of our country requires
victims. With their blood did our ancestors con-
quer, and defend, and for centuries maintain it;
and we with our blood are bound to reconquer it.
"Your generals, of 1848-9 and your fellow-
soldiers reckon upon you because they know what
heart it is that beats in the breast of the Magyar
warrior. For my part, I doubt not that you will
respond to this ohtical proclamation. ;
" GEORGE KLAPRA, General."—

A GOOD BEciiNNixo.,—" All's well that ends
well," says the proverb. It is true, yet it is also of immense
importance to begin well. Mr. Baines, some years since,
was watching an apprentice, whose habits were not
steady, fold up a newspaper. At the first fold there
was a wrinkle, and at every succeeding fold the wrinkle
grew worse and more unmanageable. Mr. Baines said
significantly to the lad, " Jim, it is ro. bad thing to
begin wrong." The poor fellow found it so, for he soon
fell a victim to his vices. His master had begun right, and
every succeeding fold of line was easy and straight. The
lesson is worth remembering.—Life of Edward Baines,
Ms Son.

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or amusements. On the contrary, they increaseappe-
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digestion, give increased
energy and life to all the animal
and brain for fresh exertiotu3. The sick and enfeebled can
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In tins, at Is. 6d. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125..; 121 b.,
265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and o C. 77, Regent-street, ] London.
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly ; A i ibis, 60p
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BRITISH NATION LIFE ASSURANCE AS-
JJ SOCIATION.—Ch ief Offices. 291, Regent Street, e
15th , London.
Jun 1859.
In consequence of the great increase of the Life Business,
Notice is hereby given that a.l Extraordinary General Meeting
of the shareholders of this A ssociation will be held at the
chief offices, 291; Regent-street, London, on SATURDAY,
the- 25th of June instant, at twelve at noon precisely,
for the purpose of enabling the Directors, under the 43d
clause of the Deed of Settlemel It, to discontinue and sell the
branches of business of the sai,l Association, known as the
General Accident and Compens ittion department and the
Plate Glass Insurance Department By order of the Board,
HENRY LAKE, Manager and Se ~iretary.

t.
RO YAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
under the olanagement of Sr.A Charlenee
THIS EVENING will be presented Shaksp's historical
ploy of SING HENRY V.
'King Henry V., Mr. C. Sean; Chonts, Mrs. C. Kean.
After which, IF THE CAP Firs.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bucker/one.
THIS EVENING the performances \will commence with
EVERYBODY'S FRIEND. Messrs. Charles Mathews,
Compton, and Buckstone ; Mesdames C. Mathews, Wilkins,
and Reynolds.
After which,
THE ETON
To conclude with THE WATER WITCHES.
Commence at 7.

W THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPIII.
NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPUI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
THIS EVENING, THE MILLINER'S HOLIDAY. Mr.
J. L. Toole, Mr. C. Selby, Mr. Billington, Miss Woolgar, Miss
M. Keeley, Miss Kate Kelly.
Followed by THE HOUSE ? or, THE HOME ? Mr. A.
Wigan, C, Selby, Billing,ton ; Mrs. Alfred Wigan, Missll-
Simms. Miss Laidlaw.
After which, THE RIFLE VOLUNTEERS. Messrs. C.
Selo), and Moreland ; Misses Woolgar and K. Kelly.
To conclude with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs.
J. L. Toole, Chas Selby, Billing,ton Misses Keeley, Arden,
and Laidlaw. and Mrs. Billington.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.
Doors open at a quarter-past sic—Commence at seven. Box
Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking*. No fees to
kept of all articles found.
servants permitted. A registry

ASTLEVS ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.
Lessee and Manager.... —..Mr. William Cooke.
Grand Holiday Attractions for Whitsuntide.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
the revived military spectacle of THE BATTLE OF
WATERLOO, reproduced with all its original effects. Sup-
ported by Mr. W. Cooke, Mr. W. Cooke, jun., Mr. Holloway,
Mr. R. Phillips, Mr. J. W. Anson, Mr. Anderson, Mr. Herbert,
Mr. Stanton, Mr. Worboys, &c. Mrs. Dowton, Miss Dowton,
Miss Rivers, dtc.
After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN
THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. John Henry Cooke, the
greatest rider in the world, and the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's
family, being the only instance on record of such a domestic
concentration of unequalled male and female talent ; Madlle.
Francisco ; Miss Holloway.
To conclude with a Novel Entertainment called THE
VOLUNTEER CORPS ; or, Female Brigade.
Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips
Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 3s. ; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, ls. ; Upper
Gallery, 6d.
Private Boxes, £4 4s, £2 2s, and Ll Is.
To commence at 7 ; Carriages at 11.

CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS
GALLERY. Westminster-road.—Open at Seven.
EVERY EVENING during the week will appear
THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,

Oonsisting, of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and
EIGHT years.
The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi-
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.

They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and
ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, JUNE 17.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
67—highest since noon yesterday.
sH—lowest this morning and during the night.
65—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-40'08-rising.
WIND, North-Westerly ; light, with fine weather.

Another ponderous blue-book has recently fallen
with a sumph upon the vacated floor of Parliament.

It was Only the other day that this weighty
azure tome numbering within it altogether 400
pages folio, explained away as clearly as possible
the monstrous misapprehensions entertained in re-
gard to the nature of the diplomatic correspondence
relating to the Italian Question, carried on between
this country, France, Austria, and Sardinia, under
the guidance of the hand and mind, the conscience
and the judgment of the Earl of MALMESBURY.
That comprehensive volume has revealed explicitly
and incontrovertibly the fact that so far from the
Foreign Policy of the late Administration tending
to drift us into something like complicity with the
Viennese Government—it positivelytended, if any-
where, in quite an opposite direction. It is now
clearly seen that the late Foreign Secretary if he.
urged anything strongly, urged Austria most
strongly NOT to take the very course which led to
the actual declaration of hostilities ! So far from
Lord MALMESBURY abetting that insensate course,
or sympathising with it to the smallest extent, it is
now clearly proven that his lordship did quite
otherwise. His voice was raised in warning—not
in encouragement. His hand waved back—rather
than pointed onwards. His principal effort, so far
from being in any way calculated to precipitate
matters to a collision, was in truth directed to
restrain the passions of the more eager and the
more hostile by every method of dignified concilia-
tion. The Opposition, however, could by no means
consent to wait until the explanatory documents
were published. Their interest was obviously to pro-
nounce judgment first, and then to examine at
leisure, from the height of power so won, whether
or not that judgment could be in any way justified.
Nothing than this was ever more surely
misprision of justice. It was the declaration of the
sentence before the commencement of the trial. It
was more monstrous even than this—it was the
premature infliction of a punishment for what im-
mediately afterwards is clearly proved to have
merited, on the contrary, the most signal appro-
bation. No matter—if justice remained unsatisfied
—the coveted position was in the meantime
attained. Reversing the grand old axiom ;fiat
justitia ruat ccelum—those who had been so long
devoured at heart by the greed of office, the lust
of place, the appetence of power. had succeeded in
bringing down the existing Administration with
a crash, by an act of the most flagrant injustice
anywhere discoverable eTen upon the records of
our: Parliamentary:history. Lord MALmEssuitY
is removed, upon the plea that his foreign policy
was coloured by strong Austrian sympathies. The
substantial blue-book referred to above proves
incontestibly upon the morrow of that removal,
that the foreign policy of the DERBY Administra-
tion was in no respect at all of a German
character, but was consistently, from first to last,
marked by the most strict and impartial
neutrality. N'importe—have we not ample grounds
for consolation in the thought that, in place of
Lord MALMESBURY at the Foreign-office we have
now the noble lord who conducted two or three
years back the well-known Vienn amission !
—the noble lord who sent his father-in-law, ten
brief summers back, at one .1 wool-gathering and
gunpowder-scattering about the Roman Peninsula !
—the noble lord who, above all in our own remem-
brance (for we bear vividly in mind listening upon
that memorable occasion to his superb plausibili-
ties), once upon
a time solemnly vindicated the
Teutonic i> lfluences exercised upon the councils of
England 'by—the Shadow behind the Throne !
Lord AEA: LMESBITRY-141 °has just inaugurated
neutrality as the `guiding principle of England
through a] 1 the manifold and complicated difficul-
ties arisin, g out of the war in Lombardy—Lord
MALMESBtIIt 'Y, it is true, has been removed from
the head o f the Foreign-office upon a hasty and
wilful misf apprehension. Let us be consoled, how-
ever—we aave now in his place the noble plenipo_
tentiary of F the Vienna Conferences, the son-in-law
of Lord 3 Iwo of the Italian wanderings, the

Parliamentary champion of the courtliest species of '
Germanism! Have we not also, by way of addi-
tional consolation, the knowledge that Sir GEORGE
LEWIS will try his practised hand, as Secretary of
State, upon the Home Department—that Mr.
GLADSTONE will return, to the ineffable terror of
all practical City men, to the conduct of the Ex-
chequer—that Sir CHARLES WooD [0 ye gods
and little fishes!] that the celebrated Sir CHARLES
WOOD will assume his place (as Lord STANLEY'S
successor) as her MAJESTY'S Indian Secretary ?

We hope our readers did not overlook the sage
advice of the venerable Judge COLERIDGE at the
Honiton meet* (reported in The Sun of
Wednesday) to form a Rifle Corps in that
place. The spirit of his remarks coincided so closely
with that of those which we have ourselves made
on the subject, that . we cannot but hope his
weighty opinion will add authority to our own
remarks. The object of the meeting was to
interest all classes, " the agriculturists and
labourers," and not merely the young gentle-
men of the neigbourhood, in the formation of
a rifle corps. This distinguished and cool-headed
civilian laid stress upon the fact:that we are " an
unarmed people ;" that the use of arms has been
neglected by us ; indeed, as he suggested, dis-
couraged, in consequence of the existence of game
laws. On this last point he speaks doubtless what
he knows ; and sad, indeed, is it to think that a
useless mode of protecting gentlemen's amusements
should have been the cause of discouraging the
manly practice of shooting, and the acquisition
by the thousands of the people, so invaluable
to an invaded country, of skill in marksman-
ship. We are, indeed, as he observed, " a singu-
larly unarmed population ;" in this respect we stand
below almost every Continental State, and below
our own descendants in America.
The learned judge, with the true old Conservative
spirit, jealous of substantial liberty, objects to a
large standing army ; he bestowed his approbation
on the system of the United States—an army nume-
rically exceedingly small, yet so exceedingly well
trained and officered as to be ready at any moment
to become the nucleus of a considerable force. And
how do Americans lay a foundation for the larger
army ? They have abandoned their old plan of an
immense militia, and some time ago resolved to
train their male population to the use of the rifle.
By this means—by a highly disciplined nucleus,
and by a nation trained to the principal qualifica-
tion required, marksmanship, they could at the
shortest notice turn out an army of half a million
of men ; of course not all assembled in one place,
but all of them accustomed to the use of the rifle.
The learned Judge (for so we may term him
still) adverted to another important point—
most appropriately noticed by one who has
passed the age of ambition, and who can now only
look with the wisdom and kindly feeling of a green
old age on the interests of his country. " This," he
observed, " is a force which cannot be used by an
ambitious Minister, or by a warlike party for the
purpose of aggression or of foreign conquest ;
while no kind of force would do more to make the
country formidable to an invader. It is a reserve
force, not unfriendly to liberty at home, and not
tempting us to interfere in neighbours' quarrels
abroad."
The thing must, however, be done in the spirit of
the Honiton meeting. Our peasantry' must be
taught the use of the rifle as their forefathers were
the use of the bow. By all means let gentlemen
form as many corps as they please ; but our " bold
peasantry" must be the defence as well as the
" pride of its country," in case of an invasion,
Our higher class young men are not numerous
enough for what is now required. Steam has made
invasion of England—say by France—almost, if not
quite, as easy as invasion of Germany. It is something
portentous to see the ease with which at least
120,000 men have been conveyed, since the 28th of
April, nearly all by sea, two hundred and fifty
miles to Genoa, with all their commissariat, cavalry,
and artillery, and how they have, in so short a '
space of time, fought several battles, the last per-
haps a decisive one. Surely, in such a state of things,
our rulers are bound to encourage and facilitate in
every way a universal training of the people to the
use of firearms. Drill, at least its elements, might
be added where convenient, and in due time ; but
there is no pretext for delay in commencing the
most important part of the process, that of inducing
all who will and can to learn the art of hitting a
man at the long range of his rifle. Why, even in
this war, the Tyrolese riflemen and the Jager Corps
have been the most fatal part, to the French, of the
enemy's army. No Ministry ought to palter with
this subject for a week. The circulars issued already
in regard to it are all very well as far as they
go ,but we need something more. The three lines
of defence should be-Ist, our wooden (or iron)
walls ; 2dly, a thoroughly trained army, with
highly educated officers, not of too large an
amount ; and, idly, a people, millions of whom
could hit an enemy at 500 yards, and thousands of
them at even a thousand yards. ARMSTRONG'S
guns would complete the armament.

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THE SUN.
FRIDAY, JUNE 17, 1859.