The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-17 00:00:00

MOROCCO.

The following protest has been made by the
Moorish Government in the name of the Emperor,
against the conduct of the Spanish Government in
declaring war on Morocco :
" Glory and praise to the Almighty I To the represen-
tatives of foreign powers, residing at Tangier°. The rela-
tions between us and the Spaniards have been broken
off. I think it my duty to give you an exact account
of what has taken place between us and the Spanish
representative, and for this purpose I annex to this
communication copies of five letters which the said
representative has addressed to us, as well as
copies of four answers which we made to him.
This is all the correspondence that has passed between
us since the day when the Arabs of Aujera destroyed the
posts planted to mark out the limits that being done with-
out our order and in formal opposition to our wishes.

"By this correspondence You will be able to exactly
judge of the conduct of the Sultan, our master; and will
see whether he has acted in these negotiations in a regular
and friendly manner, or whether the Spanish Government
has manifested from the commencement a desire to find a
pretext for declaring war against us. You know that when
the Arabs of Aujera committed the act above mentioned,
the Sultan Muley-Abderraman, our master died. We had
not at that period the powers necessary to adopt any
measure and to settle that affair. It was not possible
for us to occupy ourselves with it until we were confirmed
in our post by the Sultan Sidi-Mohamed, our master, whom
God has just raised to the throne.

" The Spanish Government, in presence of the events

which had taken place, fixsd a first delay which expired on
the sth October; that delay was extended to the 13th of the
the same month. Before our nomination we had done all
that was in our power to make the pe"ple of Aujera abstain
from any further outrage. You will observe that the
Spanish Charg6 d'Affaires demanded in his first letter that
public buildings m'ght be constructed in the camp of Ceuta.
In the old stipulations, and in that of 1815, mention is made
of the camp and of ground' for pasturage belonging to the
Spaniards, but M. Blanco in his letter only speaks abso-
lutely of the camp.

" The Sultan, our master, in his exalted wisdom, and
inspired by the sincere wish to maintain friendly relations,
ordered us to accept the demand made, and consented that
the Spaniards might construct fortifications within the
camp. We received that order before the sth of October,
the delay fixed by tho first ultimatum. After that Spanish
Charge d'Affaires as you will see by his letter, put forth a
fresh pretension ; he demanded permission to erect fortifi •
cations on the ground which we had conceded in 1845, and
which was exclusively intended for the pasturage of the
flocks. This new demand was contrary to what M. Blanco
had formally promised, as we can prove, nevertheless, he
received on the 11th October complete satisfaction on that
sn.bject

" On the 13th October a new pretension was put forth.
The Spanish representative demanded possession of the
heights necessary for the defence of Ceuta, and if you read
with attention his letter of the sth of this month, you will
see that he twice declares that he only asks for authorisa-
tion to construct fortifications within the enclosure of the
line of limits. We did not, however, take any notice of the
disingenuous manner in which he sought to explain his
wishes, and did not seek to ascertain whether he was right
or wrong; we granted what he asked for, understanding
that those heights were necessary for the defence of the
place, and because in a private conversation he assured us
that they were close to Ceuta, and not at a distance from it.
" Ho accepted our explanations, and returned here in the
night of the 16th inst. Another pretension was then
brought forward; this time it was a demand for the posses-
sion of a vast territory comprised between the valley of
Libel Moma and Ceuta. To that pretension we replied
that we could not give a precise answer without applying
to the Sultan our master. From that moment relations
ceased between us, and war was threatened.
" I beg you to send the annexed documents to your
Government, 'making known to it that in the name of the
Sultan, our master, we protest against the Spanish Govern-
ment because on three occasions it has paid no attention to
its word and to its engagement, and has declared war against
us without any legitimate motive.
"We have been much surprised on hearing that some
journals in speaking of this affair state positively that the
people of Aujora every day harass Ceuta. You are well
aware that for the space of a fortnight not a single act
of aggression took place until the day when the governor
endeavoured to erect fortifications on ground which does
not belong to Spain. We beg you therefore to transmit to
your government a faithful recital of all that has taken
place on this subject. You are well aware of the conduct
of the inhabitants of all the towns of the empire, who are
desirous of living in peace with all nations.
" On the death of tho late Sultan, and when symptoms
of disturbance and insubordination manifested themselves,
no one was insulted or ill-treated. At Mazagan the inha-
bitants fought with the people in defence of Europeans. I
desire that you make known these details to your Govern-
ment, begging it not to attach any credit to the language
of those who are not acquainted with this country, or who
feel no sympathy for its inhabitants or its Government.
" Our desire is to keep up the most friendly relations
with all nations, but we renew our protest against the un-
just conduct of the Spanish nation, which does not know
how to decide on what it demands, or to respect
its promises. We appeal to Almighty God and to the
great and powerful Governments of Europe and of
America; we appeal to all men who in this world follow
the path of justice, and who judge the rights of others
without having recource to force. We put our trust in God,
praying him to regard us with a favourable eye. We calmly
await the course of events, and we shall act in such a way
that no one shall be able to reproach us ; all the evil will
come from our enemies.
" Peace be with you

" Oct. 25."

MominEn-LE-Liam.

FRANCE.
•
PARIS, WEDNESDAY.
The Debats makes the following observations on
the designation of M. Buoncompagni by Piedmont
as a suitable person to fill the office of Regent in
Central Italy :

" It is easy to see how the Piedmontese Government,
which has tvfiee shrunk from the responsibility that might
be incurred by accepting and exercising the supreme

authority in the Duchies, has at last been induced to take
the step which at first lied appeared to alarm it. After de-
clining to sanction the annexation of these territories—
after setting aside the offer of the Regency for the Prince
de Carignau—the l'iedmontese Government takes upon
itself to appoint a Regent. We have nothing to say against
that step, and even yesterday we remarked that a definitive
refusal would be more embarrassing for Piedmont than
for the States of Central Italy ; but, however much in-
clined to do so, it is impossible to see any difference be-
tween designating a Regent and accepting the Regency.
This is so true that the arguments presented this
morning against the acceptation of the Regency, by a jour-
nal which delights to assume a semi-official character (the
Constitutionnel), is meant to apply with equal force to the
designation of a Regent, an event which the said jour-
nal, though correctly informed so far as its infor-
mation went, does not seem to have expected.
Should the Piedmontese Government,' it says, 'not
decline the Regency offered to the Prince de Carig-nan,
its influence in Central Italy will cease to be legiti-
mate ; it will assume another character, and become a real
intervention.' Who will venture to assert that designating
a Regent is not also an intervention, and—what is most
important in the present case—equally declared and equally
official with the acceptance of the Regency :3"

So serious a step does this designation of a Regent
by Piedmont seem to our contemporary, that it
insists that in case of an armed attack on the terri-
tory of Central Italy, King Victor Emmanuel would
be obliged to intervene with his troops :

" Who would so far insult the Piedmonrese Government
as to insinuate that in designating M. Buoncompagni, in-
stead of the Prince de Carignan, its only object is to secure
the right and the opportunity of abandoning its representa-
tive, if it should be necessary to support him by
force ? It is impossible to maintain that in thus
designating M. Buoncompagni Piedmont incurs less re-
sponsibility and assumes less binding obligation towards
Central Italy than would have followed the Prince's accept-
ance of the Regency. And, to adduce a proof easy of coin-
' rehension, let us suppose that the Pontifical Govern-
ment, forgetting its weakness, overlooking its true in-
terests, and reasoning only in accordance with the law
of nations, considers this official designation of a
Regent over an important section of its territory
as a declaration of war, and attacks the Legations annexed to
this new Regency, is not Sardinia bound to lend assist-
ance to the Regent ? Can she honourably dispense
with doing so on the pretext that the Regent whom
she has designated is not a member of the
Royal family ? We are therefore witnessing the
solution of the Italian question before the Congress
meets. This solution may not bo the last; it may, on the
contrary be the opening of a new drama ; but it is none the
loss the most decisive step that Sardinia has hitherto taken
in sanctioning the wishes of the Italian people."
The Siecle expresses its satisfaction at M. Buon-
compagni's appointment, as calculated to promote
union among the Central States. It says:—

" That the provinces which have achieved their inde-
pendence be administered by Prince de Carignan or M.
Buoncompagni, is indifferent. The important point is
that all the power shall be united in one hand ; that
the administration of the Duchies and of Romagna
shall have the force of unity and cohesion ; that annexa-
tion, so to speak, shall be worked out. Since the King
of Sardinia and the Prince do Carignan have followed
the counsels given them, wo must believe that it is
with the assent of the Powers that M. Buoncompagni
will take the regency delegated to him by the Prince. We
shall see how this great piece of news will be received by
the Royalists and tltramontanes. But we may foresee
that the Regency of M. Buoncompagni will not be re-
garded by them with more favour than that of the Prince,
and that the Jupiter Tonans of the Unicers is already pre-
paring his thunderbolt to strike down the Regent, who-
ever he may be."

THE BOURSE, Nov. 16.—The market has been
heavy. Threes, after having been done at 69f. 95c.,
declined to 69f. 80c.; the Mobilier varied from 777 f.
50e. to 770 f.; Lyons, 886 f. 25c. to 882 f. 50c.; Or-
leans, 1,367 f. 50c. to 1,365 f.; Northern, 947 f. 50c.
to 945 f. ; Southern, 515 f. to 512 f. 50c. ; Austrian,
547 f. 50c. to 545 f. ; Lombard, 547 f. 50c. to 546 f.
25c. The following were the last quotations :
The Moniteur publishes an Imperial decree rais-
ing M. Rouland, Minister of Public Instruction,
General Count de La Grange, and M. Caignart de
Saulcy, 11Iember of the Institute, to the dignity
of Senator.

4t per Cents. .... 95 55
Do. end month .. --

3 per Cents 69 85
Do. end month 69 85
Bank Shares 2900

Credit Mobilier 771 25
Do. Account

Credit Fonder 965
Belgian 4/ lOO
Piedmonteso (5)
Roman B6 50
Austrian —

Spanish Threes 44 60
Home Debt 43 --

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern ... 950 .. 950
New ditto B3O .. 830
Lyons and Mediterranean • BB5 .. 885
Geneva 530 ..
Southern
Western 567 50 .. 565
Eastern
Sardinian 412 50 ..
Austrian
Lombard ..... • 543 75 .. 5.16 25
Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 2,5 f. 12c. ; money,
25f. 10c. ; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c. ; money, 24f. 95c

FERTILISE TIIE LAND, PURIFY

?RI:- I .

TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN.
SlR,—Agriculturists are continually calling
attention to the evils which result from withdraw'
ing from the land the sewage so necessary for its
fertilisation and production of human food.
This view comprises but half the story of the
present mischievous distribution of sewage, and
important questions are left unnoticed and undis-
cussed.
The sewage now so much wanted by thelandi
is distributed to the rivers, where it poisons the is°,
causes a deposit to subside which putrifies, exhalef
pestilential effluvia, and stimulates the 'growth ,°.l
•
weeds, till the whole stream becomes a som i _soue
mass of vegetable growth. Lttor
All the beautiful species of the salmoniche a—ht
foul and filthy rivers, and delight in the brio
transparent waters which naturally flow throng'
the lovely valleys of England. na
The trout preserver is ever jealous of his fish, a ~
it would be curious to see a Parliamentary retnr
of the number of complaints made, actions threw',-
ened, judgments obtained, injunctions in Chaneeris
which have been decreed, nay, even attachtnealt
which have been issued for contempt of the higlie4
legal tribunals against the various boards of help
of this country. of
The present system of these so-called bear-%
health is to pass the filth of their own town by t'ee
nearest brook or river to the neighbouring villaglai
and I myself have been compelled to make effiets
complaint to the Privy Council that the inhabit°
of villages upon the course of a stream have been
drinking unawares the excretion of a large le„,".1
which had been insidiously thrown into a pelinc.l!
trout stream which had served the inhabitants !C/Ir.
drink and domestic purposes from time inomelOriet,
Sewage after deoderisation, although translatrent.
contains in solution a large quantity of animal
ter, together with all the more valuable sy'ir.
When it passes into a still pool or millhead, asap l)°
taneous separation occurs, and a layer of org
a.
mud is deposited, which, under the action of
shine, gives off milky clellu,4
gas with a peculiar 0
ness, This gradually extends from millhead
millhead till the whole stream becomes ceatifb.,
nated, and a source of pestilence to the ileib
bourhoed.
ana
Ultimately a peculiar fermentation is set a. '4. ail
the water becomes perfectly bright, having lest
fert.l;l
its organic matter. By this operation the
ing matter which ought to be returned to the fan
is spent upon the water, and vegetation, esPeeileted
the growth of the new water weed, is stinitlaa les
to an almost incredible extent. All the streaea,
round London are full of this pest, and the
the Colne, the Wandle, contain vast masses' een
During the past year my attention has t bor,
forcibly directed to the consideration of the raa the
and it appears to me that possibly, as far aliney
water weed is concerned, this apparent curse
be turned to a benefit and profit. ducks,
This weed is especially the food of swans, the
and other waterfowl, and a food which can form
muscles, bones, and feathers of such creatures alkusea
contain all the elements of nutrition in a ni:ried,
manner; and having caused a quantity to b richdried, itl
Dr. Gilbert analysed it and found it as
nitrogen as clover, besides containing PhesP--
hrio,
o
sulphur, and various salts. the
The experiment is now ripe for trial IV° but
higher animals. Horses are fond of the weed,ctt.
bow about milch cows ? I have not had the
$
venience for dotermining the point, but rather
cipate it may be found a valuable food. de of
The present distributiox of sewage is a eor
the right stuff in the wrong place. Bler'im:ropir
prietor calls for the fertiliser to increase his a for
and every guardian of the streams cries ale" ter,
a prohibition against the pollution of the wnti re'and no person will rest satisfied till we have
cut
turned to the earth its due, and restored the ; fo-
to the brooks and the salmon to the rivers. A

main, sir, your obedient serrant,
ALFRED SM°'

7, Finsbury-circus, Nov. 17.

INQUIRY INTO THE MA NA G 1?
OF GREENWICH HOSPITAL•

This
Shields, WilliamL nCo
1)011 Nur Itt :T,InIEg
.ShaSacilrn. 0: —(THISNINEIs.
pq..,(1f0.
rc
.0, 3 ,
fDa
tA.::.
co)
a.
rui s: a
on:jo
John Charles Dalrymple, Esq., captain in her gaiesr'red
navy, assembled at the Admiralty, under powers cofe . ,
upon them by a Royal Commission, to inqtur a in to theitsllll,
ternal economy and management of Greenwich 11°6P he'
and of the funds by which it is maintained, and at tawge
ther the resources of the hospital can be more ea'rv- 11;
ously applied for the benefit of seamen who have Be- ea.
,
the Royal Navy. lit OP
On the 26th of July last Sir Charles Napier broeg— t
subject before the House of Commons, when he etau.teclvital
he wished to see the old seamen in Greenwich .i'le„n-'6,re
treatedh with as much justice as the officers. Those e"" i.e.
twin
them
pensions before they entered were allowed tiv°oo
em, but a seaman's pension was taken ova/
malt
he entered the hospital, and he only received the malt a
nance given to a man who had served a certain nera—uitil
years. The salaries of the officers of Greenwich ii,°9,:von
amounted to £25,598 103 a- year, while the sum ePel!,",,-1 3
the maintenance of the. pensioners was only ''''''tsi-6 a.
Ho should propose that the men should be allowed t° r.,e vt
their pensions for wounds. He complained tett the $ll-.%#
once to the men was not sufficient to enable then toti""".;
ta.in their wives and families, and it was notorious tha till:,
bov
hs were not maintained by the hospital or in the oeigiss
of ur ood with anything like decency. Another great tor,
complaint was that the governor, lieutenant-gecelot
andthe other officers of the hospital had notw
theartede
power in the world, but were continually th
cif
oanomdmthisesiironerteac,omwmheondraectiooinvsedovfreoramuled by thriLeln °be'
sidesa their half-pay, and some of them (17i.d00nottoev7';51:aails'
mireenwich, but in London. The existence of theeei coi.
seioners was entirely unnecessary. On these e1a",..'61
ous other grounds which the gallant admiral fully ea drew
to ;the House, he concluded by moving that an int
ashould be presented to her Majesty, praying
.Commission to inquire into the management the 6 0
panital.. The motion could not be put on that day. owing 00
obstruction arising out of the forms of the Mule. 1.711-bit,
the 28th instant Sir Charles againproposed it. 111.' - A it,
opOse" the
bread, in the absence of Lord Clarence Paget,
but promised that the Government ' would, durinx !wag
recess, investigate the subject. On the , "„dj. by
hoofo .10,
which took place, the motion was negate remise
142 against 82. Acting upon the pro lot
given, the Government afterwards thought it wise to aPPI:g.
a Royal Commission, and accordingly entrusted 311 r.
ham,o Mr. Hutt, and Captain Hay with the inquirP„ the
On the assembling of the commissioners this morw-ueLg.
secretary read her Majesty's Commission,and ?dr' .---.8
ice.s.,
ham briefly indicated the course which the conlia then
would take in conducting their investigation. They who
proceededo to call witnesses, the first taken being those
h high and responsible offices in the hospital. kor
It is expected that the inquiry will last about a wee,. be
ten days, and that the report of the commissioners week
of
ready to be laid before Parliament at the commenecte
the forthcoming session.

STATE OF TRADE.
LEICESTER, Nov. 16.-There is no Inaitaerdiefil;
change to report in the state of the hosiery ir-0,1
all useful articles continue in request, and thererers•
numerousA orders in the hands of the manufactlitifet
At Loughborough and Hinckley trade is nature.
and future prospects are of an encouraginl ea'
The workmen in nearly all branches are Bell,lot
gaged, and wages are as high as they have u°,eadi.
iisome time past. The wool-market is less s'
here is not much change in yarns.
~ yeller
NOTTINGHAM, Nov. 16th.—There is n- A or-
tible improvement in the lace trade. Buyer° yuco
fchase very sparingly, and manufacturers Piniel,
or the most part only what is actually reclll oys.
tern thus
keeping down stock and preventing illiJ isia
rn of "jobbing." There are a few orders Or Aro
nets, but very little doinc, iti other branches. my
silkb. lace trade continues extremely fiat. l'esstiallf
e inlery is at work, and workmen more Par' oe-
etmp oyed. The hosiery trade continues in an
.sivehcondition • the demand for borne consuTPoiso
1a ove an average. The shipping trade ,i 9.8 on
good, and manufaaurers have plenty of oral
era,
~hand which are awaiting execution. The °Pavd
Lives are well employed both in the toWn
neighbourhood. The yarn market is firm.

er Of
THE AUDI r- OFFICE.—A ParliamentarYiOr P
of to
i 0 pages in extent, yesterday published by qes t 1!_
•
Hon. the House of Commons, gives some dotal thst
state of business in the Audit-office. It aloPea„rsuspy
May, 1857, the number of accounts for audit anii's loon,
e
620, the number in arrear of delivery 26, and at
thel
of accounts in office not audited 336. In May, fdclivo
were 617 accounts to be audited 13 in arrest 0 _ere 1
and 167 in office not yet audited.' So that there 185v1
accounts less to be audited than in 1807. I° 00'37,
aathunedirietledowGetyhreeatnstBoinBauuldsiccBotBu.nts for audit annually, 13 1 e s top
Hankw
aTsehyao:Denio.rup..mchbnearl
yo f6la.ceoT
moved for by Mr. uhnitasrelturos was