The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-24 00:00:00

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DOMESDAY BOOK.

The publication of the part of Domesday Book
relating to Cornwall has now been before the public
for some time, and, as is stated in the introductory-
remarks to this volume, the prosecution of the pub-
lication, county by county, must depend more upon
the wishes of the public than upon the Govern-
ment.

The
.publication of the part relating to Cornwall
was permitted by the Government as an experiment
to test the vale;of the art of photozincography for
producing facsimiles of our ancient records, and
was intrusted to Colonel Sir Henry James, the di-
rector of the Ordnance Survey, the original being of
suchinestimable value that it could not be allowed
to pass into the hands of any private person, even
supposing any private person was evable of copying
it by this new art.
The art of photozincography has, in the hands of
the officers of the Ordnance Survey, been greatly
improved since the publication of the part of
Domesday relating to Cornwall, and perfect as this
copy appears to be, and in reality is, still, by slight
modifications in the details of the process, the copies
now produced have a sharpness and clearness in the
outline not before attained.
That authentic copies of the part of Domesday re-
lating to each county must be highly interesting to
the inhabitants, and especially to the landed pro-
prietors, cannot be doubted ; but, on the other hand,
it cannot be expected that Government should pro-
ceed with the publication of the whole work with-
out knowing by some practical test that the publi-
cation is desired by the public. Some of the gen-
tlemen of Cheshire, who are desirous of having the
part relating to their county published, therefore
propose to guarantee the purchase of 5) copies, at a
cost not exceeding 103. a copy, and if this example
should be followed in other counties there would be
no longer any question about proceeding with the
publication of the whole work, as this sum from each
county would cover the cost of its production, and
the Government will have performed its duty in
permitting the copies to be taken. lf, therefore,
the gentlemen of other parts of England are desi-
rous of having facsimiles of the parts relating to
their counties copied, they should follow the course
adopted by the gentlemen of Cheshire, and commu-
nicate with Sir H. James at Southampton, who will
publish the several parts in the order in which he
receives the guarantees from the counties.

DEATH FROM VIOLENCE.—On Saturday, Mr.
Herford, city coroner, held an inquest on the body of a man
named John Barrett, aged 23, who resided in a court in
George Leigh-street. It appeared from the evidence that
about a fortnight ago the deceased was present when a row
was going on in the neighbourhood where he lived. The
next morning he told his mother that he had been struck in
the chest with a poker, in mistake, by a man named Mark
Hines, as ho was leading home another man who had been
concerned in the row. He compl &hied much of a pain.at his
chest, and ultimately died from pneumonia and peritonitis
caused by a broken rib. Just before his death his deposition
was taken by Mr. Le Court, assistant magistrates' clerk,
and he repeated his statement about Hines having struck
him with the poker. Hines was acc zdingly taken into cus-
tody by Inspector Taylor, and was present at the inquest in
charge of the police. He said he bad never used a poker
during the disturbance, and that he never saw the deceased.
Michael Higgins, the man whom the deceased said he was
taking home when he received the injury, also said he did
not see the deceased at all ; and as there was no evidence to
corroborate the unfortunate man's statement about his
having been struck by Hines, the jury returned an open
verdict, 4

THROWING STONES AT RAILWAY
TRAINS.

At the Croydon Police court, on Saturday last,
before Mr. T. Byron and other magistrates, Wil-
liam Woodman, a boy about nine years of age, was
charged with having, on the sth of September inst.,
wilfully and maliciously thrown a stone at a down
train, travelling on the London, Brighton, and
South-Coast Company's line, in the hamlet of Pe n ge,
near the Crystal Palace. The evidence of the en-
gine-driver proved that ou Thursday, the sth inst.,
he had charge of the engine attached to the 2 30
p m. train, express from London to Itamsgate, and
that in passing Annerley-bridge he received a vio-
lent blow on the head from a stone. He imme-
diately looked up and saw a boy on the bridge, but
as the train was going at the rate of 25 miles an
hour, and as he felt very much stunned, it was
totally cut of his power to swear to the boy. The
cap which he (the driver) wore at the time had a
broad thick leather band on it. Notwithstanding
that the stone cut- completely through the leather
and struck his temple so violently that a serious
wound was inflicted thereon, and the blood flowed
freely. He suffered eight or nine days afterwards
with pain in the head. The train was stopped at
Norwood, where he reported the circumstance. The
station-clerk at that station, John Deacon, imme-
diately proceeded to the Annerley-bridge; and
there found two boys, one of whom was the pri-
soner. On taxing them with having thrown the
stone at the-train, the prisoner at once admitted
that he had done so, and had hit the engine-driver
on the arm. He then picked up. a stone rather
larger than a 'walnut, which he said was the size of
the one he threw at the train. The magistrates
then charged the second boy William George
Privett, with aiding and abetting Wood, but as the
evidence appeared feeble he was ultimately dis-
missed with a serious admonition. The chairman,
in addressing the prisoner Woodman, who was
accompanied into court by his father, said,—"Wood-
man, the Bench have considered your case, and,
although they do not consider you intended to
injure the engine-driver, yet it is necessary for us
to pass a heavy punishment upon you in order to
protect the lives of railway passengers. It is a pity,
I think, that there is no Act of Parliament which
would authorise the police to drive boys off railway
bridges with a stick. We shall applaud all police-
men who do so, as that will be the only means to
prevent them from continuing this highly danger-
ous and increasing practice among boys. It is
always a reluctant duty of the Bench to send boys
of such tender years to prison, and we shall avoid
doing so now if possible. The railway company
has chosen to proceed against you under their
mildest Act ; otherwise; there is an Act of Parlia-
ment which treats an offence of this kind with its
due gravity, and punishes the offender by empower-
ing the magistrates to send him for trial to the
county assizes, and, if a prima facie case were made
out, he would either be transported or sen-
tenced to penal servitude for a very long
period. The result in the present instance
might have been very serious indeed ; the stone
might have cut the man's eye out, or, what
is more probable, he might have been killed on
the spot. We shall now adjudge you to pay—
or, at least, your father must pay for you—the
mitigated penalty of £3 and 13s. cost. In default
there will be no alternative but to send the boy to
prison, say for 14 days, after which imprisonment
we should send him to a reformatory for two years,
as before he can enter such an establishment he
must have been in prison for a short time at least."
The prisoner's father promised to pay the £3 13s.
in three weeks' time, the magistrates having agreed
to allow him that period. Mr. John Carpenter,
superintendent of the police in the service of the
Brighton Company, informed the. bench that the
practice among boys of throwing missiles at rail-
way trains was becoming very serious, as it was
more than ever prevalent. Only recently seven
or eight carriage windows had been broken at
Annerley-bridge, and an engine-driver on another
part of the line had been severely hurt by a stone
thrown at him ; but the perpetrators had not been
discovered. The magistrates expressed a hope
that this case might be published in the leading
newspapers.

TH4SQU4RES IN PARIS AND LONDON.

The Constituttonnel contains the following re-
marks on the new squares in Paris, as compared
with those in London :—" The municipal authori-
ties of Paris have established squares in every place
where large masses of people threatened to render
the atmosphere heavy—in all the quarters too far
distant from the Tuileries, Luxembourg, and Bois
de Boulogne, for the inhabitants to be able to reach
them easily. In London, on the contrary, with some
few exceptions, there does not exist a square worthy
of mention except in the rich and airy quarters.
The finest and largest gardens are at the West-end,
in Belgravia, and Brompton—that is to say, at the
gate of Hyde-yark. With us, trees have been planted
with a hygienic object ; squares have been formed
more particularly in quarters where the air stood
most in need of being purified, and for that purpose
trees of a special kind, and especially absorbent, have
been chosen. Fountains also have been erected,
which impart that salutary freshness to the air which
is so necessary for the workman after being cooped
up for the whole day in the heavy atmosphere of
the workshop. In London the principal object
thought of appears to be the health of the trees,
and there has been chosen for them a mild and
wholesome climate and a dear air in the neighbour-
hood of the parks, in order that they might not
suffer too much from nostalgia. We do not mean
to say that the city and other parts of London are
completely void of squares, but only that they are
so paltr3- that they might be said to have been
blown there by the wind. But the general quar-
ters of poverty—those masses of close and un-
healthy houses, and the networks of dark and nar-
row alleys—in a word, every part which stands in
need of pure air and of the light of day have been
forgotten, or rather neglected in this partition of
life and health. In Paris the squares are open to
every one ; in London they are locked up, sur-
rounded with high iron railings, and planted with
shrubs, which prevent any one from seeing what is
going on in the inside. On payment of a sum
which generally amounts to £1 sterling, each oc-
cupier of the houses which form the four sides of
the square is entitled to a key by which admission
is obtained to the garden. For a poor person,
therefore, to have the power of taking his family
into one of those enclosures he must in the first
place inhabit one of those houses, of which the rent
is exceedingly high, and then pay 25f. a year
towards the expense of the garden. It will be,
perhaps, said that this excites emulation, and is an
encouragement to the endeavour to become rich.
In London the squares are private property, with
which the State has no concern. In `.France, on
the contrary, the initiative of these municipal im-
provements belongs to the Government, and it is to
the city that we are indebted for their execution.
The square of St. Jacques-de-la-Boucherie alone
cost upwards of 2,000,000 f. The Imperial concep-
tions have yet reached only the commencement of
execution ; we have already the Bois de Bon•
logne, the Bois de Vincennes, and the transformed
Champs-Elysees, and we shall soon have public
promenades in other parts. Before long Paris will
be an immense garden. One need only walk in the
middle of the day in the neighbourhood of the
squares of the capital to see with what eagerness
and delight the working classes avail themselves of
them. To mention only one example, it is almost
impossible to get into the square of the Arts et
Metiers after 4 o'clock, so great is the crowd of per-
sons assembled there. An objection was formerly
made that the establishment of a public garden is
an idea very practicable in London, but not feasible
in Paris, where the turbulent and destructive people
would soon break down the trees and tear up the
flowers and shrubs. Experience has shown how
ill-founded was that opinion. On the inauguration
of the park at Monceaux all the gates were opened
to the crowd, and no surveillance was exercised
over the 50,000 persons who thronged the walks
and alleys. At the end of the day the damage
amounted to only 45f. for the turf trampled down
along the edges. This example appears to us to be
conclusive. The squares have, moreover, been
already for some time open to the public, and it has
been found that the greatest decency and good order
are observed. This is because the people compre•
hend that they are at home, and that the gardens
have been formed for them. They feel that by
breaking a flower they injure their own property,
and they besides feel a respectful gratituae for the
hand which has given it to them."

The flowers in Covent-garden surpass those of every other
country; for the reason that every improvement in their
culture is instantly adopted. From the same cause Her-
rincr's magnetic brushes and combs surpas i every other means
for restoring grey hair to its original colour, and curing the
most inveterate cases ofneuralgia and nervous headache. They
do this with almost undeviating certainty. N.B.—Counter-
felts are being made. Offices, 32, Basinghall-street, London.
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