The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-09 00:00:00

tariff on the Union, and the South tolerates it in
return. In a word, the North, for its own advan-
tage enslaves trade; the South, for the same
reason, enslaves blacks ; And each hitherto
has borne with the other, as they have
foolishly supposed for their own benefit. Now, they
each feel the wrong done by the other, but fight
because neither likes to have its wrong-doing inter-
fered with or even checked. His conclusion, there-
fore, is—" It is easy to see that, both in their views
of human freedom and freedom of trade, the differ-
ences of the North and South are radical, and not
to be reconciled. We have, therefore, looked in
vain here, among the more intelligent men of all
parties, for any disposition to let the South go.
They consider it geographically as well as morally
impossible, and prefer the alternative of a war of
extermination. If there be a disposition for peace,
it is not permitted to show itself ; and if such be
the case at the North it is equally true at the South,
who have added to their other reasons for perse-
vering in the contest, the desperation that it gives
to the Anglo-Saxon race to feel that their country
is invaded, with a view to their conquest and sup-
pression. It may safely be assumed, therefore, that
they will also fight to the very extremity of their

resources."
Of the financial and military ability of both par-
ties to carry on the war, he seems also to have no
doubt. Of the North, he says, " The enormous Go-

vernment expenditure is 'giving a great impetus to
trade, and yet there is sufficient economy being
practised in all classes of society, and caution in
giving credit, in entering into extended operations,
and in discounting mercantile paper, to leave large
amounts of capital unemployed, and ready to be
invested in Government loans." And, again, hav-
ing examined the state of the loans and the de-
posits in the banks, he says,—" Thus the financial
wheels of the Government work smoothly enough,
and there is a fair prospect that they may continue
to do so for one, two, or three years to come, should
the war last so long. Higher rates of interest may
have to be given, and the factitious activity im-
parted to trade may drive the specie out of the
country to pay for the war material, clothing, and
luxuries which will again be called for, so that the
banks may have to suspend specie payments, but
it would not be a new or remarkable case for a long
war to be carried on upon an exclusively paper cur-

rency.''

We have always, however, assumed that the
North was comparatively wealthy; still the South
has her advantages also; and though, again, the
extract is somewhat long, yet we prefer to give the
views of such an authority in his own words, Mr.
NEILL says—" Financially, the North has no doubt
the advantage, but in many other respects the
South has it—above all, in the fact that she is fight-
ing on the defensive, and in a country east of de-
fence and most difficult to invade. Nearly all the
necessaries of life are produced within the limits of
the Confederate States. Tea and coffee are greatly
wanted, and the latter brings 50 cents per lb.,
against 12c. to 14c. in the West Indies ; but people
can exist without these luxuries. Many kinds of
manufactured goods are also in short supply, par-
ticularly woollen clothing and shoes, but enough
of these goods may be smuggled in to suffice for
bare necessities; and a useful homespan cloth
is made extensively in the country from the
cotton which is everywhere so cheap and abun-
dant. Gold and silver have almost disappeared
from circulation, the Government paper currency
supplying their place, and a system of barter pre-
vailing extensively. The rank and file of the army
is not made up, as in the North, of the lower classes
mainly, but consists in a large proportion of the
better elms of young men, who have enteredupou it
with hearty zeal for the cause, and thoroughly de-
tei mined never to submit. It is probable that these
men, commanded as they generally are by good
officers, will devote themselves more willingly than
the Northern troops to a protracted military life,
and have a much higher zest for their work. They
will not readily submit to the Northern labourers
and mechanics sent against them. On the whole,
it is pretty evident that the power of resistance pos-
sessed by the South is vastly greater than they get
credit for; and it is difficult to form any opinion as
to which side will tire of the war the soonest. The
present sufferings of the South may be much the
greater, but the North is laying up for herself a
weight of debt and taxation which will spread the
penalty over lengthened years, and probably carry
it down to generations yet unborn."
Hence the conclusion is forced on Mr. NEILL
that the war must be a long one, neither party
being at all likely to forgo its objects, and .both
having in different ways advantages for fighting
for a long time. He does not think foreign
powers very likely to interfere ; but he does not
think it " just probable that, in the midst of the
excitement of war, the slaves may take their cause
into their own hands, and repeat the scenes of St.
Domingo." The moral, therefore, of his story is,
that we are thrown upon ourselves; and that "it
is to be hoped, wherever there is a climate and
soil suitable to the growth of cotton, and
conditions favourable to its production at a
moderate price, efforts will be made to
promote and extend its cultivation, and no
exertions will be spared, whether by individuals,

companies, or Government, to extend the area o

supply in India, and attract to England a con

siderable proportion of the immense cotton growth

of that country. He commends accordingly the

efforts of the Manchester Cotton Supply Associa-
tion, and regrets that they were not more warmly
seconded by the trade before the wolf was at the

The motto will no longer do for Manchester cot-
:on spinners that what is any one's business is no

one's. The supply of cotton is the business of every
one in Lancashire, but if the men of capital to
originate and sustain companies to work suitably in
different parts, do not throw their money into such

investments, they will find their capitalleft on their

own hands, andtheir factories starved. At this time
Mr. NEILL tells us "It is the deliberate intention

of the American Governments, both North and

South, to seal up the new cotton crop, so that not a
bale of it (which they can prevent) shall leave the

plantations during the continuance of the war,"

and that so far from the shipping season commenc-
ing on September 1, as usual, ' there is absolutely

no prospect of its commencing then, or for months
to come.' The prospect of its commencement is
still, We are sorry to say, as distant as ever."
And the result is that while at this
time last year the receipts of cotton at the Southern
ports, the bulk of which had already been shipped,
or was in process of shipment, to Europe, amounted
already to 534,000 bales, and the year before to
645,000 bales, this season oration of 1,000 we have not yet infer-
bales having been received, but we
d.) hear of the small stocks left over in the principal
' ports from last year's crop, having been sent into
the interior for safety, in the event of any of the
ports falling into the hands of the Federal Govern-
ment !

The world, however—the intertropical world at
least—is all before the men of Manchester. If they
suffer a cotton famine, they well deserve it. The
Government is really doing all that it becomes a

Government to do, especially for a community of

wealthy tree traders. From every quarter they