The Sun.
London, England, 1857-11-05 00:00:00

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l?si . _
ing, at the earlieearliestopportuni And ,-st
ty .fmast
public, manner, my opi -•"
i
nion -that'he la -ilaiittly-siU he
trust which has been confided to, him: initiktesTa','il' w•
actsd
ever, I do not fear that my frienclahip'will‘litatifi" ny
such test as that. I can iseelaaia.ing.. irkthe- .of-Lor
Canning to jastify the charges which haverb-e-60-,brOugbt
against him. I shall refer to and case,; x-TheAate and
much lamented Mr. Colvin, after showing great energy
and admirable judgment in his administration, issued a
proclamation offering full pardon to those rebels who
should submit at once. Lard Canning immediately repri-
manded Mr. C loin for this proclamation, and, directed
by telegraph that it should ha suppressed; at the same
time issuing another of an entirely different tenor. In
more than one letter privately addressed to m by Lord
Canning he has dwelt upon the "soreness of eart"—
those are his very words—excited by the fee ing that
ti..?
retribution has been delayed upon "devils in human
form." Much stress has been laid upon a proclamation,
or rather order which has been lately issued. Nam, I
shall give no opinion of my own as to that proclamation,
as to whether it was judicious in its substance, or as
to the time at which it was issued; but I shall venture
to state a few undeniable facts respecting it. The tendency
of that direction or proclamation was that death should
be inflicted upon all the guilty, although in some cases
where there were extenuating circumstances the ultimate
penalty should not be at once inflicted ; but the strictest
injunctions were given to spare none except the really
innocent. Teat order was addressed exclusively to
the civil authorities. It did not give to them one
iota of more power than they had before, but merely
gave them certain directions as to the exercise of those
powers which by law they already possessed. The only
reference to the military authorities was that in certain
doubtful cases the civil officers should not act tbem
selves, but should hand over their prisoners to the mili-
tary authorities to be dealt with by them. I know it
may be said, that although this order was addressed to
civil authorities it was calculated indirectly to produce
a discouraging effect upon the military authorities.
this point I shall give no opinion, but I may refer to
one case that has come to my knowledge. I believe there
are no two men in India who more fully deserve the con-
fidence of the public than General Wilson and Sir John
Lawrence. It appears to me that Gen. Wilson, while
showing the greatest boldness and energy in handling his
troops and in maintaining their discipline, is also most
careful not to expose them unnecessarily. I believe,
also, th,re is no doubt that Sir J. Lawrence combines

Pala t 4D. STAMPED s°.]

rule I will take upon myself to extract from the fifth on
the list of the great English poets—
" Honour and shame from no condition rise,
Act well your part, there all the honour lies."
(Cheers.) It was mainly on that admirable and univer-
sally recognised principle that, to my delight, T saw the
ceremony of this day conducted. I can well imagine that
a peasant or ayeornan, "acting well his part," might find
in the acclamations of his countrymen and the applause
of those under whom he had served, "where all the
honour lies." I can imagine that even a prince may be a
working patriot—(obeers)—that he may devote his high
intellect, his energy of mind and body to the zealous and
persevering discharge of important and interesting public
duties. (Cheers.) I can imagine, as I have said, that even
a prince may be so little dazzled by the luminous atmo
sphere in which he moves as to be able to see and to dis-
tinguish a meritorious cemra le in the obscurest ranks of
the private force ; ane I can imagine that even a prince,
not bound by the dignity of chief command, may, at a
moment of State exigency, sound with his breath the
bugle for recruits. These are things that, Republican as
I am, I can imagine possible. Whether the imagining in
your better knowledge of men and things cal be made a
fact among British princes it is not for the to determine.
I am not one of the jury for the trial of that fact. I am,
as I have said, a stranger. You are the panel, and if you
find that there happens to be among British princes one
of whom all these imaginings of mine in reference to in-
dividual merit become a plain fact, why your finding as
jurors of such a verdict would be conclusive upon the
judgment of those who hear it. (Cheers.) Reference
has been made this evening to one or two points to
which I may be' allowed to allude. Sympathy has
been invoked from foreign nations in reference to the
state of affairs in India. I am not here to speak as to
the extent to which my Government or the people of the
United States sympathise with the struggle of England
against India. That is not the thought I wish to express.
The thought that I wish to express is in reference to the
treatment that is to be dealt to those who have distin-
guished themselves in the field of crime in that unhappy
region. Now, crimes-Are of various descriptions. Mutiny
and murder are heavy crimes ; they'are dark and gloomy
crimes; but they are crimes known to us all, and they
are crimes committed in almost every community and
under almost every Government. Penalties are specifi-
cally provided for these crimes in the respective criminal
codes of various countries. Let such crimes bo punished
wherever they occur according to the law. That is the
first and clearest principle of action. Bat there are
other crimes—crimes, at least, of another character—
which become so monstrous as to assume the attitude of
enmity to the human race, not merely crimes committed
with reference to the power of India, not merely crimes
inimical to Esgland, not merely crimes inimical to Eu•
rope and its civilisation, but crimes that destitute their
p"rpetrature what pirates are, what cannibals in the
F.jee Islands are—(cheers)—enemies of the huraan race
--(cheers)—and meriting, not from out, nation, not from
one people, but from the whole of the humeri race, sum-
mary and peremptory extirpation. (Loud cheers.) This,
as it appears to me, is not the language of any pat titular
individual or any particular country, but the language of
human nature; and although I am unable to Pay how
lar such language may be concurred in by the great
body of my fellow-cieizons on the opposite side of the
.Atlaistic, yet I think I know them well enough to say
that no language can be too strong, no words too im-
pressive, no foxes too sudden, no bl one too severe for
crimes such as those which have been perpetrated in
India. (Cheers.)
The LORD MAYOR next gave, "Her Majesty's Minis-
ters," and the toast was drunk with great cordiality.
Earl Gneefeneen, on rising to acknowledge the toast,
vv. s receive.' with cheers. He said—My Lord Mayor,
ledies, and gentlemen, I beg to thank you for the hon-
our you have done to the assembly of which I am an
unworthy member. I believe it is not necessary to dwell
upon the advantages of ruck an assembly in a mixed
Government like our own ; but I do feel that its popu-
larity must depend very materially upon the Manner in
which its individual members discharge their duties. On
Ibis occasion 1 think it must be obvious that one mena-
er of that assembly has set a bright en-ample of readiness
to fulfil those duties which, as an Erielishinan, he owed
to the state. You have all heard the feeling terms in
e tech the Duke of Cambridge expressed his devotion to
that army in which he was brought up, and to which
he is so much attached. I feel it would bo
.presumptu•
one on rey part, in the presence of so many of his heroic
comrades in arras, and after the significant homage that
I aa been offered to him to-clay in the city of Lond.m, to
dwell upon his services in the hell ; but I hope ho will
excuse mo if I rtfer,in contrast tothe calmness with which
he spoke to-night, to the agony of mind in which his
Royal Highness was when he entertained a doubt whe-
ther an appointment would he given him in the Crimea
which would enal le him to risk his life in the cause of his
sovereign and of his country. The American Minister
referred in eloquent terms to the manner in which a prince
might engage iu public duties, and you all know that
immediately after peace was restored the Duke of Cam-
bridge undertook the drudgery of a very laborious office.
(Hear, hear ) It is hardly possible, in referring to the
duties diwchargod by members of the House of Lordw:, not
to be struck by the responsibility which weighs at this
moment upon some noble lords who are many mile,
distant from our shores. Among others I would men-
tion Lord Elgin. He was ant on an important mission
to the East, His instructions were precise. The means
placed at his disposal for attaining the object of his mis-
sion, if he failed to do so peaceab'y, were amply suffi-
cient for the purpose. Oa his arrival in the East he
found that a case had arisen which had been entirely un-
foreseen when lee received his instructions. A most
fervent appeal was made to him by the Governor-Gene-
ral of India to denude himself of those means which
were mo;t 1 kely to ensure his o en success, in order to
enable the Governor-General to put down a mutiny that
had broken out in India. Not only din this request
prevent L ad Elgin from carrying out his instructions,
but it also deprived him of any immediate chance of
that personal distinction which he had a right to expec-
to obtain very easily and rapidly. He, however, did
not hesitate one moment. In the inost cheerful manner
he anticipated the wishes and instrucions which were
forwarded by the Government when they became ac
quainted with the events in India, and ha put the whole
of his available force at the disposal of Lord Canning.
Lord Elgin bas by this conduct deserved—and I ven-
ture to say he has obtained—the approbation of his
countrymen. (Cheers.) There is another noble lord in
the East upon whom has rested a heavier responsibility
than has ever been sustained by any subject of her pre-
sent Majesty. Lord Canniog did not, as bas some-
times been said, solicit office, but when, after careful
dellberat.un on the part of the Government, the office of
Governor• General of India had been offered to him, and
when, after very mature refection on his part he had an
cepted that office, he proceeded to India, and devoted his
admirable habits of business to the promotion of every
possible material and social improvement in the great 1
peninsula committed to his charge. A dreadful event
happened—one which, as the noble duke has observed,
no one could have anticipated. As soon as that event
was known in England the attention of Englishmen was,
I may say, entirely absorbed by the proceedings in India,
and from tbat moment to the present every step taken
by the Governor-General was most anxiously criticised.
Sometimes, I must say, his conduct was very fairly
weighed, but at other times I think he has been assailed
with such wholesale censure and condemnation as it was
almost impossible for any one to have deserved. (Hear,
hear.) Now, I beg that I may not be misunderstood. 1
think that no greater misfortune could happen to this
nation than that the public acts of public men should
not be exposed to the most anxious and severe criticism,
and I believe that those who criticise such acts with
ability and fairness render the greatest possible service
to the community. At the same time there is one short
compound word which will always have its effect with
the British public—l mean fair-play (cheers), for
although they like to have public affairs discussed before
them in every shape, they postpone their final judgment
until they are in possession of all the facts and have
heard both sides. (Cheers) I feel that nothing would
be more improper on an occasion like this than to enter
into an argument or discussion upon points which must
! be reserved for a very different tribunal. I feel, too,
that, as connected with the Government, it would not be
right far me to anticipate the views of that Government,
which must be officially declared upon every point of
Lord Canning's conduct. I think, however, you will
allow that it will not be altogether unbecoming on my
part if I venture veryshortly toendeaveurtoc rrect some
misapprehensions as to certain facts, and to state other
facts which may help both you and the public to form a
just conclusion on some questions which have been raised.
A. great many accusations have been brought against
the Government of India, Some of them are of adevtaeirly
trivial cbaracter, others depend so entirely upon details
athnadtclirwcndmi
nstoatnacieliesdoef wtehitchheinwe.
g, and which ;
knowsct absolutely Canning,
n n therein us
oneo nothingn
charge
namely, that, giving
w
made against a man in his position—namely,
mend in humanity,
interfered
with with those military authorities awphpiecahrhs atsobmeeenounregoefdtaleg!aginrsalv-Leisotroharges that could be
d_
and
s int
i cast',
has
sy t o a certain
forgotten sentimental,batwasdue
t ea nj
ishment of the mutineers must mainly rest. Now, upon
in whose hands the pun- '
this point the common sense of the public has fullly
spoken out. Both public writers and public speakers
have done so, and no one, I may say, has laid down more
forcibly than the Duke of Cambridge the doctrine that
it would be wrong in every point of view if condign
punishment were not inflicted upon men who have dis-
graced the human form which they bear. I o tnnot help
remarking that upon this subject public opinion has been
ratified by a gentleman who is Ifat one of ourselves, and
who cannot be supposed to be actuated by excited feel-
.
ings—l mean the most respected Minister of the United
States—who, as a disinterested observer, has justly said
that men who have committed crimes which prove them
to be the enemies of mankind at large ought to be ex-
tirpated from the face of the earth. (Cheers.) I can
°illy say that, if upon a calm review of the course of
Lord Canning's administration, he should appear to
have given way to the maudlin sentiments to
which I have alluded, no feeling of personal friend-
alp would be sufficient to prevent me, from express-

the qualities of a soldier and a statesman in a greater
degree than perhaps any other man in India: But what
has been the effect of the proclamation upon these twe
men / It appears that Gen. Wilson wrote to Sir J.
Lawrence a few days before this proclamation was
issued, stating that there were certain Irregular Cavalry
whose mode of mutiny had distinguished them from their
fellows, and that it would be most expedient and politic
that they should be treated with some lemieticY. Gen.
Wilson accordingly asked Sir J. Lawrence whether he
himself or whether Sir J. Lawrence would be justified
in exercising any discretion Sr J. Lawrence naswered
in the negative, and said he could not give the autho-
rity ; that he did not think General Wilson could exer-
cise any discretion ; but that if General Wilson would
made a representation at head-quarters it would pro-
feebly be attended to. Almost immediately after the
despatch of the letter containing this statement Sir J.
L swrence received the proclamation. He then wrote to
General Wilson, and said, " Although the proclamation
does not specifically apply to this case, yet its spirit fully
justifies you in following out the dictates of sound
policy." And Sir John Lawrence then went on in
tile most clear and el queut terms to ehew, not
merely the humanity, bat the sound practical policy
of the proclamation. Ido not give my own opinion on
the subject, although I have tormed one ; bat I do think
that the opinions of two such men as these are worthy
of consideration by the public of this country before they
come to the conclusion that Lord Canning is a pusillani-
mous statesman. There is another point. which has been
very much canvassed in this country, Lamely, the send-
ing up of Mr. Grant to control the military authorities
and to liberate the mutineers. It is reported that Mr.
Grant has liberated 15t mutineers. I have no means of
knowing whether that story is true or false, or whether
if that act took place there were any circumstances
which would justify the Governor-General in sanction-
ing or in disapproving it. But this I know as a positive
fact, that the Governor-General sent Mr Grant not to
control the military authorities or to liberate mutineers
er murderers, but as the Lieutenant-Governor of the
North-Western Provinces was confined in the fort of
A.gra, and unable to discharge his civ,l duties, it was
deemed desirable that a locum totem should be provided,
and on that account Mr. Grant was despatched to the
district. One of the qualifications which Lord. Canning
believed that Mr. Grant possessed was, that be was fully
iinpriwsed with the importance of not interfering with the
military authorities in the performance of his duties.
There is one other point which has hardly created as
.ouch feeling here as in Scotland—l mean the alleged dif-
ferences between Sir C lea Campbell and Lord Canning.
I was rejoiced to hear that his Royal Highness has re-
ceived exactly the same information which has reached
inn, and that the natural and just indignation of the
people of Scoilend at their favourite soldier being
tb warted by a civilian, and what they call a red-tapist, is
unfounded. I happen to know that during the few
weeks of Sir C Campbell's residence in Calcutta Lord
Canning had abundant opportunities of discovering and
appreciating his great qualities as a man and a soldier,and
1. know also that Sir C. Campbell during the same period
saw reason to admire the itelefatigable industry, energy,
and courage of Lord Canning as to overnoi -General of India,
end that a solid fiiendship has been eetabliAled between
these two men, who entertain feelings of mutual respect
end regard. I cannot help mentioning a somewhat
trivial circumstance, but one which shows how cautious
:se should be in believing rumours that occasionally
reach us from India. Sir Patrick Grant when leaving
Calcutta, knowing well the tendency to tele gossip which
prevailed among some of hie fellow-countrymen in that
city, particularly when they were excited by any extra-
ordinary alarm, deterrnired that, although it would have
been more convenient for him to travel by the perie
,tearable he would melee the voyage in a man-of-war.
fle went by a roan-of-war; but the cautious tactics
of the old soldier were utterly fruitless, for soon after.
wards there appeared in a portion of the Calcutta press a
letailsd account of his excursion in the public steamer,
together with a minute report of his cenvereations with
his fellow-passengers, ending with the remark at:ributed
to hint, that he never heard a sound so agreeable as the
booming of the guns which announced his departure
from the land of red tape. With, regard to the charge of
he want of energy, industry, and decision, brought
egainst Lord Canning, I shall only allude to one or two
teens. You are aware that Lord Canning pat restrict-
t,ions upon the press. This is another subject upon
which I must avoid expressiug any opinion, but 1 think
I may say that that resolution of Lord Canning appeared
o meet with general approbation, and was very fairly
treated by the put lic prees of this conntry, not eithstand-
ing the esprit de corps which to a certain degree might
he expected to influence that press so such a
subject.
,Wbether right or wrong it was a step
required great moral courage, and by its adore.
:ion Lord Canning exposed himself to much personal
unpopularity and obloquy. We are bound to consider
that some of the most intelligent men now in India—
some of the men most accustomed to whilst the pen, and
who have the greatest opportunities of conveying their
sentiments and opinions to the mother country—are
smarting under the very natural feeling that they have
been unjustly treated both as regards their character and
their property. I think, therefore, that some of their
statements should be received with due allowance. There
is one more fact which I shall venture to bring before
you. I think it is one which has not yet been stated,
and which all will be glad to hear. It is generally known
that the King of Delhi made overtures to the besieging
army. Now, it happeus that some of the bravest and
most successful military authorities in that part of India
were of opinion that so great were the difficulties of the
siege those overtures should be entertained. It is easy to
say alter the event what was the right thing to be done,
but I submit that at the moment it was creditable to the
decision and the moral courage of Lord Canning that he
sent the most peremptory orders to reject the overtures
made by the King of Delhi. I have done with this ante.
j I think success is not always a test of real merit,
thrioi to
pi n 3 tthhiasoi
ints
wtaonscee x
pLeoertde d Ch
ea nni
e
or than it was thought possible by the highest authority
wouldng hbaesa bnl en iti eateesde rum:lee,
in Parliament be would be able to obtain, and with-
out physical assistance from the home Government he
has " broken the neck" of one of the most formidable
mutinies which have ever occurred in our dominions.
I cannot avoid saying one word as to Lord Elphin-
stone. The peerage of Scotland may be proud that one
of their body has displayed such admirable qualities in
India. I have made those remarks with reference to
the conduct of members of the House of Peers, but
it is impossible to overstate the heroic exertions of all
classes of the community, whether in the civil or the
military service, during this mutiny, or to over-rate
the spirit with which the people of this country have
met the difficulties of the crisis. (The noble earl oon-
cludedbytahgeationaert had
returning thanks
ethraenkeisrfeodr.)the cordial manner
in which
The next toast proposed by the LORD MAYOR. was
"The House of Lords," acknowledged by Lord Crau-
worth.
Several other toasts folowed, and the proceedings ter-
initiated at a late hour.

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