The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-19 00:00:00

" gtill succeeds." Another and yet another
my gets returned inhead of a Liberal supporter
of Lord PALMERSTON. South Lancashire, in fact,
being merely an additional instance to be supple-
mented to the long list already known. Secondly,
as a reason why this preference of the South Lan-
cashire constituents for Mr. TURNER, in lieu of the
Liberal candidate, Mr. CHEETHAM, is so very
lamentable a baulk for the Government and its
supporters—it ought to be borne in mind that this
is the first fruit of the only bill affecting the
popular representation introduced during the late
session by one of the Cabinet Ministers
in the name and on behalf of the present Govern-
ment.

It was in the absence of any new Reform
Bill whatever, good, bad, or indifferent, that the
Appropriation of Seats Bill was regarded
with any (even the smallest) degree of com-
placency when originally laid upon the table
of the House of Commons by the Right
Hon. Baronet the Home Secretary, now the Secre-
tary for War. The four seats, which had been so
long left vacant by reason of the disfranchisement
of St. Albans and Sudbury, were at length to be
filled up. Before they could be filled up, however,
it was necessary to create new constituencies
for them. They had to be appropriated.
It was a Liberal Government that had at length
determined upon securing their appropriation.
The bill was introduced. We all remember with
what results, in the shape of debates and divisions.
The bill brought before the House of Commons in
one form—went up to the House of Lords in
another, The formidable Opposition had moulded
it by that time to their own liking. There had
been—at any rate, for one of the four seats—a
somewhat unseemly scramble. The upshot of the
whole discussion being that the Four vacant seats
were appropriated thus—One to South Lancashire
—One to Birkenhead—the Two others to the West
Riding of Yorkshire—that mammoth constituency
henceforth being halved into the North and South
Divisions. With half an eye—it was manifest that
the Conservative Opposition, in so manag-
ing matters, had looked after their own
interests right well. The Government had
manifestly got little enough out of their measure
In fact the absurdity of still hastening the bill in
its new shape through Parliament appeared so
manifest to the common sense of a dispassionate
observer like Lord STRATHEDEN—heart and soul
liberal as he is—that he protested against the third
reading of the bill through the document given else-
where in our impression of this evening. A glance
at Lord STRATHEDEN'S protest will show how, for
no less than fourteen cogent reasons, he felt himself
constrained thus formally to inscribe hih name on the
journals of the Lords as a dissentient. Without
entering into a detailed re-examination of those
fourteen good and sound reasons—it will be enough,
while we publish the protest in its entirety, to point
(as to Lord STRATHEDEN'S perfect justification in
writing it) to the result of this very significant
election in South Lancashire. The Conservatives
having gained the day in South Lancashire—how

The privateers and the inefficiency of the
blockade threaten to become a serious affair. Be-
sides those at New York, there are thirty captured
privateers' men in prison in Philadelphia. Can
they be dealt with as pirates ? General BEAURE••
GARD has informed the PRESIDENT that he shall
treat his captives as the privateers' crews are
treated, which will cool the contemptuous wrath
of many a Northerner. The plea of their being
pirates was successfully used by the Crusader, Fede-
ral gun-boat, in Cuba. The Sumpter privateer
took six prize vessels into the port of Cienfuegos,
and, leaving them there, sailed away. The captain
of the Crusader saw the Governor, told him he
regarded the Sumpter as a pirate, and should treat
her as such if he found her, and then went off
with the six vessels. France or England would
not have harboured the prizes at all. If Spanish
law enabled the Governor to do so, it was a neat
little Yankee trick on the part of Captain CRAVEN.
The Secession privateers are reported to be very
active in the Gulf of Mexico ; and the coast of
North Carolina, we are told, swarms with them.
It appears too, that from Wilmington, North Caro-
lina, a Confederate privateer with two guns, the
Mariner, had put to sea, and that British vessels
came in daily and took out ship's stores without
interference. From all these facts it appears
that the watch kept on the coast is of the most
inefficient kind. Indeed, it will be difficult for the
American Courts to condemn any vessel for
breaking such a blockade.

By the last accounts M'CLELLAN was taking
the proper step of requesting the newspapers not
to publish any of his movements and pro-
ceedings which would give the South information
of what he was doing. It is, however, a fact that
the North has many more traitors in its ranks
than the South, and that General BEAU-
REGARD has known the position and mo-ie-
ments of his rivals much better than they
have known his. We are now told that
the South suffered much more than the North in
the late encounter, that their losses are heavier, and
the officers who fell of a superior class. It was this
which caused their inaction ; and M'CLELLAN has
improved the delay to put all things on a better
footing on his side. It was time. Men are
coming in fast. The examination of the
civilian officers before they are admitted to com-
mand, has stopped the creation of fancy
regiments, but the men are fully aware that the rout
at Bull's Run was chiefly due to the incompetence of
the officers, and they are nowproportionally ready to
serve. The lesson will not, we trust, be lost on our
volunteers at home. We fear that our fancy ama-
teur officers are our weak point. An officer's duty
now is a science ; and men must be able to trust
their leader for knowing what he is doing, and
what he ought to do.

will the struggle end in Birkenhead ? And how,

eventually, will matters go whenever the double
contest can take place upon the halving of
the West Riding of Yorkshire ? Those are

really becoming very serious subjects for con-
sideration. For jibe though some may, as at an

empty phrase, at what is called the Conservative

reaction, it is at any rate absolutely undeniable
that seat after seat is being lost to the Liberal side

of the House, and secured one by ono to the Con-
servative Opposition. That Opposition is so for-
midable already, while the majority with which the
Government entered office was originally so very
small, and has since then so dreadfully dwindled
away that the future certainly looks
dark enough before the Coalition. It is

(amusing to observe that the chief organ of the
Government affects this morning to be utterly
bewildered as to the meaning- of the Conservative
Reaction. Can the Times really and seriously be
in doubt about it ? Can ther a be any uncertainty
in this way in the conscience of the Coalition, sup-
posing it be blessed or troubled with anything of
the kind ? If so the elucidation of the mystery is

The Princess Kotschouby has arrived at Cla-
ridge's Hotel, from Paris.
The Due de Maille has arrived at the Bruns-
wick Hotel, Jermyn-street.
The Earl and Countess of Devon and Lady
Agnes Courtenay are passing the autumn at Newcastle, his
lordship's residence in Ireland. Lord Courtenay left town
some days since, to join the family circle.
At the invitation of the Right Hon. F. Peel,
M.P., about one thousand of the working classes of Bury
will pay a 'visit to-day to the hon, gentleman at his seat,
Hampton-in-Arden, near Coventry.
EARL FORTESCUE.—The Western Times says :
" We regret to have heard some rumours of an unsatisfac-
tory nature respecting the health of our noble lord-lieu-
tenant ; but, as usual, rumour outruns the fact, we are
glad to say. His lordship, it is true, has had a slight re-
lapse, but so far from there being anything serious in the
symptoms, we have authoriiy to state that the noble earl,
the countess, and family, are expected at Castle Hill by the
close of this present week."
r_..........,.............._...,.....,,,,,,,w The Queen Dowager of Spain and their Royal
We shall before long see whether the North is highnessesand suite,visited e and Duch
the Crystal
essof
PalaceMontpensier, with
several friends
really in earnest. We have had volunteering Saturday, and afterwards had a banquet ala Russe in the
the n
enough, and enlisting enough, and talk and writing new rooms, south wing.
enough in all conscience, but now it will become a FUNoEfRtAhLe
BOisFhel'llEf
BBIhSEIOPt OIF
IDURtITAM.—attThe
top
question of paying. The pocket test, and the test
funerall2 on Friday morning-, at Bishomp Aounckll'and. The icloffin was
direct too, is to be applied to all the States north borne by the Bishop's workmen. The pall bearers were
of the Potomac, the Ohio, and the Missouri, with 0
thef
Carlisle, and he
Archbishop of York, the. Btishopi of. theLot.ndon,cs. Thservice
Bishop
e
some tags and fringes perhaps of semi-loyal States
was read by the rector of the parish. The chief mourners
south of those rivers. Not only are tea, coffee, were the late bishop's sons, the Rev. Mr. Cheese, the Hon.
sugar, spirits, and a host of other things to be
Lewis, h
•
P. Villiers,rother Ain.l...Pla.wto the deceased.
, brother to the bishop,
the service
and Sir G. C.
er
taxed which were not taxed before; not only
the body was removed to a corner in the chapel, where a
are the MORRILL duties to be raised, not vault had been made to receive it.
only is a man to pay for carrying his PRINCE ALFRED IN LIVERPOOL.—On Saturday
timekeeper in his pocket, according to its value as afternoon
a Highness Frince Alfred l
fromA d Queenstownwasßoyone
of
f thenno passengersunced thaton
his
silver or gold, but he is to pay also a 3 per cent. board the Royal Mail steamship Arabia, which would arrive
income tax. The customs and excise taxes might in Liverpool inthecouerse of thateveningThisintelli-
be paid without knowing it, as our own are, and the
tgheennAe was
l immediatelyayor ; and, as the oprecisey d byhour Arabia's arrival
Ai evening.
aof the mu to
needy man might, if he liked, economise a little by could not be calculated, his worship ordered apartments to be
abstinence. Not so, however, a.s Jonathan will soon pre ared for the Prince at the Adelphi Hotel. Expectation
find,b with the income tax. Whether he be a toafi
rti
ehde arrival
lof
saloonth e Prince
carriage having
was
forwarded been prev previously sly
Liverpoolente enter-
bachelor achelor or a man with a dozen young hopefuls, to await his arrival. The fact that the Arabia had passed
the eldest hardly yet out of school, he will find that Holyhead at 10 minutes past 4in the afternoon having been
ascertained, and Mr. M'lver having kindly placed. the
he cannot escape the same income tax, His £5OO
steam tender Satellite at the disposal of the Mayor, his wor-
or his £l,OOO must pay the same tax towards ship, accompanied by Mr. David Wlver and Capt. Luck-
' redintegration of the 1.1 - mon, -whether one mouth or craft, R.N., left St. George's Pier about 8 o'clock, and pro-
twenty has to be fed by it. We shall see how ceeded seaward in search of the Arabia, which they
the farmers of the North-west, and all the immediatelyfell inwit h awelinittleenbehyooanrdd
tte bsaarte.lliHte:saußdoyaaeleetipghannieesds
other agriculturists of the North, like this. by the gentlemen already named, proceeded up the river to
They, as well as the Whole South, are St. George's Pier, where they arrived abouftl2sdiminudtes be-
severely taxed by the Morrill tariff, in the tfoierme lenl ow' ce. lroeck. assembled Here at
to welcome
lay ge
lee
oc omnec ohui
nir s e
and On his nlanlenng."
interest of Massachusetts cotton-spinners and cheered him with great enthusiasm. His Royal Highness
Pennsylvania iron-masters. We shall see whether immediately n landingt. enteredtt
stationtheM of heen
Mayor's state carriage,donnac
they will be content to pay an income tax to save North-Western Railway, where he entered the saloon car-
the Union, and a cotton and iron tax at the same riage which was waiting for him, and started for London
time, to put money in the pockets of their Leven at
numabqerus rearwteerpaalssassembledo
t 11 o'clock.
to meet h
At the station
andm witnessconsiderabletation
his
manufacturers, at the cost of the Federal Revenale- departure. They cheered him loudly and with great en-
One' arrangement in the tax is reasonable, but has th usiasm, an immense amount of disappointment being felt
been urged without success at home. It ecnir
that he did not remain a day or two in Liverpool. His
h.oyal Highness, it is understood, is on a three months'
mences at incomes of £l6O. That is held to be a- leave of absence, and was naturally desirous of meeting his
moderate livelihood. The tax will, therefore, be 1
' parnegsusesdt ro•elrealtvseastiastfateltrieoneawrliitehstresasirbrlaenmgeomentt.s
made
ex-
r-
paid only on the excess above that sum. In this wa y t his reception, and also with the accommodation he had ex-
great numbers of the worst grumblers may escape ' per ienced on bolairßdstheArabia.
GERMAN REED'S ENTERTAIN-
The sovereign mob will at all events go unscathed.
Mir. IAhND e
last evening representation this season, at the
Congress has passed one Act, it is said, with
iT i ,:).; a. 1. Gallery of Illustration, 14, Regent-street, will tike
the reluctant assent of the President, which, were place, on Friday, August, 30, astateuighaty Augusto'clock, 3andl, at
the
its principle carried out at all constructively, 1 last
moirniingn performance
i rs
German
Reed and Mr. John Parry,
on
r.
Saturday,
would emancipate almost the whole slave popu- i three.owing to the great success of the present entertainment,
Wien. The Act referred to is one for confiscating will not visit the provinces this autumn,r but
continentalwillresuure
rebel property, and it contains a clause, that 1 `heir London seasoxn, onitr.estuorfneinnginateorm shortesting
character, in-
"whenever, during the present insurrection, any
tc'urclea ing
ooherl ea original ballads, will be introduced into
person held to service or labour shall be employed e Our Card Basket, and " The Two Rival Composers."
in military or naval service, entrenchments, &c., ' WHEAT FOR FRANCE.—Several vessels have been
the person to whom such labour or service is due -
loa.dingwith thwheateforreFporratns receivedceduriwith the past
regard to the
wk in the
shall forfeit his claim to the same." The limita-
Fr vl'ii
h inch
River,
harvest inducing the conclusion that our neighbours
tion is, of course, intended to be strictly adhered:to, will .titi° )Tar have to resort to large importations of grain, 1

easy enough. The Conservative Reaction, or what

is so called for want of a better name, meaning in a
very few words—a Reaction, not so much For the
Opposition as Against the Government—a reaction

of sheer disgust against a qt asi Reform Coalition
that, so far as the interests of Reform have been

affected by it since it assumed power, has proved
itself to be " a mockery, a delusion, and a snare"

—as monstrous a sham, as flagrant an imposture as
ever Mr. CARLYLE put lancet in rest, took pen in
hand, to destroy.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY 11.; VENING,

JUDGES' SALARIES.—The " Finance accounts "
show that there was paid last year from the Consolidated
Fund £323,000 for salaries of judges, and £65,000 for pen-
sions to retired judges. In view of these figures the tax-
payer will be content that it was fully determined by Par-
liament not to add another £5,000 a-year to the account
until it is seen whether the changes in the Bankruptcy
Court will really require it.
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND
BELGIUM.—The following is a copy of a letter received
by the Hull Chamber of Commerce—" Office of Com-
mittee of Privy Council for Trade.—Whitehall,
August 14, 1861.—Sir,—With reference to my letter of
the 16th ultimo, I am directed by the Lords of the
Committee of Privy Council for Trade to request that
you will inform the council of the Chamber of Commerce
of Kingston-upon-Hull that her Majesty's Government are
in communication with the Belgian Government on.the sub-
ject of the commercial relations between this country and
Belgium. I am, sir, your obedient servant, T. H. FARRAR.
—The Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Kingston-
upon-Hull."
AMENDMENT OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS.—The
several acts passed in the late session to consolidate and
amend the criminal laws have just been printed. The acts
will come into operation on the Ist of November. With
regard to " accessories," it is provided that accessories
before the fact may be tried and punished as principals,
and they may be indicted as accessories, or as substantive
felons. As to abettors in misdemeanours, they are to be
tried, indicted, and punished as principal offenders. There
are several new laws as to felonies; and one as to coinage,
in which it is declared an offence to mark coin with letters,
and also an offence to utter the same.
LIFEBOAT SERVICES. -- PENMON, ANGLESEY,
AUG. 16.—0 n Wednesday, about 7 p.m., a smack was ob-
served riding at anchor with a signal of distress flying,
about a mile from this station. The wind was blowing
strong at the time, with heavy rain. The lifeboat of the
National Lifeboat Institution, stationed at this place, very
soon arrived alongside the smack, she was found to have
carried away her main-boom, and to have only one cable
out, which the captain said he feared would give way every
moment, and his vessel be driven on Puffin Island. At
his request the lifeboat remained alongside until 11 o'clock
p.m., when the weather having moderated the vessel for-
tunately got out of danger. She proved to be the smack
Pink, of Chester, bound from that place to Dales, with a
cargo of coals.
YORKSHIRE COAL ;MINES.—Mr. Morten, inspec-
tor of coal mines, reports that above 8,500,000 tons of coals
were drawn in Yorkshire last year, and happily the number
of persons killed at the collieries was but 50, or one death
for every 170,000 tons raised. This is the smallest actual
number of deaths in any one of the last 10 years, although in
that period the number of collieries has increased from 260
to about:4oo. Yorkshire contrasts very favourably with the
average of the whole kingdom in regard to these accidents,
but still the inspector has to report that nearly all the 14
deaths ascribed to explosive gas might have been prevented
by locked safety lamps properly and fairly used, and that
many of the other deaths were preventible and might have
been avoided by the exercise of reasonable vigilance, com-
mon prudence, and ordinary skill.
A GOOD INVESTMENT.—Among the payments
made by the Hull corporation is an annuity of £76 to one
Henry Saxoni, a foreigner, and of which annuity that in-
dividual has been in receipt for 56 years past. It appears
that in the early part of this century the Hull corporation,
in order to raise money, resorted to the system now in vogue
in some public and Government offices, of granting annui •
ties. Saxoni, who is now about 96 years of age, was a tight-
rope dancer, who came to this town and advanced to the
corporation the sum of £800; the consideration being that
he was to receive for the rest of his life an annuity of £76—
being nearly 10 per cent. on the amount. Mr. Saxoni's
longevity has enabled him to receive, by way of annuity,
about five times the amount of principal advanced by him.
—Hull Packet.
THE CATTLE TRADE.—DONCASTER, Aug. 17.
Our market to. day was but scantily supplied with stock,
farmers being too busy with harvest to show. We had a
modei ate inquiry for milch cows at the rates of last Satur-
day. Other descriptions of stock were scarcely inquired
for. Sheep met a fair sale; lambs ranging from 21s to 30s
per head. Pigs sustained a reduction of 6d per head on
small ones, strong ones and stores made about the same
prices as were obtained this day sen'night. NORWICH,
Aug. 17.—There was a pretty good show of store cattle at
to-day's market, but, the attendance from the country being
again limited in consequence of the pressure of harvest,
business was dull ; still former rates were about supported
and an average clean nee was effected. Fat beasts, 8s to
Ss 6d per 141 b. The sheep trade was in much the same state
as that for beasts ; fat sheep, 8s to 8s 6d, and prime lots, 9s
per 141 b.

and only those slaves declared free who have been
used against the Federal Government. If, how-
ever, the slaves can be informed of the Act, they
will no doubt find out in great numbers that they
have been employed in military service, and present
themselves to the unwilling North as those to
whose services, under the Act, their old masters
have no claim. Were the principle, however,
carried out, the greater part of the slaves indi-
rectly contribute to maintain the war, besides
being the primary cause of it. Mr. LINCOLN, how-
ever, is not an abolitionist. He is encumbered with
half-loyal border States. Kentucky has just
voted to be loyal ; Maryland is divided as
well as Missouri. He has doubtless an
awkward play ; but it would
be thec gameheapest to
thing he could do to purchase
emancipation at a fair rate per head in the border
States, and to confiscate, that is, declare the slaves
free in all the rebel States. They have forfeited
all claim that he should respect an institution for
which they are up in arms against their Chief
Magistrate.

AURIFEROUS STEEL.—The excitement which
has been created by Mr. William Lengmaid's process of
manufacturing auriferous and platinised steel will naturally
cause the details of the invention to be read with interest;
we are glad, therefore, to be enabled to publish the com•
plete specification of the patent. Although the proposal to
alloy iron and steel with gold and platinum is not claimed
by Mr. Longmaid as new, his discovery is one which, upon
its advantages being satisfactorily demonstrated, will secure
him an enviable reputation both in the chemical and manu-
facturing worlds : it has been found that the addition of
several pounds weight of gold or platinum to the ton of
steel " failed in producing any beneficial results," but Mr.
Longmaid has discovered that by adding instead of several
pounds only a few ounces, or even a few dwts., of the pre-
cious metal to the ton of steel, the effect is marvellous, and
a very excellent quality of metal is produced. Mr. Long-
maid is well known as an inventor, and it is to be hoped
that in the production of good steel he will be as successful
as he has been in his other discoveries.—Mining Jonrnal.
AN ACTOR'S CLAIM FOR SALARY.—In the Sal-
ford County Court, last week, the case Rogerson v. Egan
was heard. The plaintiff, who is en actor, sought to recover
from the manager of the Queen's Theatre a week's salary,
on the ground that he had not received a month's notice of
dismissal, according to the rules of the theatre. The
plaintiff put in his letter of engagement, by which it ap-
peared that he was engaged to play " first old men," but
not to object to other parts. It was proved that in June
the plaintiff was " cast" for Tapwell in " A New Way to
Pay Old Debts," which part he refused to play. The judge
asked whether, in this case, he claimed Sir Giles Overreach
as "first old man;" to which the plaintiff replied that
Marall was by right his part. His Honour said the case
did not rest upon a question of parts. For the defendant it
was proved that the plaintiff received a month's notice, and
that his salary had been paid during that time. Judgment
was given for the defendant, the judge holding that a verbal
notice before a witness was good in law.
STRANGE QUARTERS AT MARGATE.—The town of
Margate has been so densely packed with visitors during
the last week or two that many who made no provision for
obtaining accommodation before getting to the place have
had to make the most curious shifts with regard to lodgings.
Saturday nights pour in visitors by boat and railway by
hundreds, and, almost every house being crammed with
lodgers, the greatest difficulty is found in getting shelter.
Many who would willingly pay any amount of money for
accommodation of any sort are obliged to sleep in stables,
in bathing machines, under shop-counters, and not unfre-
quently in the cornfields. A single room in the least eligible
neighbourhood, whenever such a thing is to be let, cannot
be obtained for less than from 255. to 30s. a week, while the
amount demanded for accommodating a family in anything
like a decent part of the tcwn, or commanding a view of the
sea, is enough to drive an economical Paterfamilias out of
his senses. Such a season as the present has not been
known for many years in Margate, and those who are de-
pendent upon the annual summer visitors are turning their
chances to the best possible account.
HORRIBLE CRUELTY BY A SCHOOLMASTER.—At
the Tunstall Police-court, a few days ago, William Bain-
bridge, an elderly man of respectable appearance, and the
master of the Wesleyan day school, at Chesterton, was
charged with committing a very serious and cowardly as-
sault on a little boy, under seven years of age, named Wm.
Dutton, by beating him unmercifully with a cane. The
appearance of the child's shoulders and back bore ample
evidence of the severe treatment he had received from the
defendant, being covered with livid bruises, as though the
injuries had been inflicted with a poker instead of a cane. The
child attended the school of which defendant was master, and
on Monday morning went as usual, but when he came home
at noon his back and shoulders were covered with great
wheals and bruises, which showed even more then than when
exhibited in court. Defendant, with an effrontery which was
rather astonishing under the circumstances, said he had
" personally no indictment against the child," and that he
had corrected him as he had done at the request of his
mother. (This the mother emphatically denied.) The de-
fendant also stated that he had been a schoolmaster since
the year ISI9, and for 30 years had been a schoolmaster at
Cheddleton, coming to Chesterton only in February last.
Mr. Rose said this was one of the worst cases he had ever
dealt with. The defendant had as nearly murdered tho
child as he dared, and if he (Mr. Rose) were sitting alone,
he should certainly
have sent him to six months' hard
labour. As, however, his brother magistrates were of
opinion that a lighter punishment would meet tile case, he
should commit him to prison with hard labour for two
months. —B inning Lam
_Post.

OLD IZAAC IVALToN's theory that fisherman are
generally harmless, honest men, applies to these times as
well as to his own days. I have mixed often with them at
fishing inns, and my experience has been that a fast man
would be much out of his element in their society. The
evening talk runs mostly oN. gorge hooks, paternosters,
hair lines, gut lines, and the like. Many a fish is killed,
over again, pending the enjoyment of solemn pipes, and
occasionally in winter time a rubber at long whist for
penny poinT s, " with snuffed candles, a well swept hearth,
and the rigour of the game" (as Charles Lamb says), varies
the evening's amusement. Then there are good old stories
of wonderful fish which have been caught in days gone by,
and we never t _link of doubting the assertion of steady-
going, old-fashioned frequenters of the house, "that fifty
years ago the water was the finest in England ," nor do
we question the weig—quoted from memory—of a pike
which was taken in the Waterloo year by the narrator of
the incident, who deplores the removal of an old weir where
lit
be lauded his prize.—Onee a ece/c,