The Sun.
London, England, 1861-05-25 00:00:00

THE SIIN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING; MAY 25, 1861.

any fight in the South. The Southern chivalry
will collapse into exile like an over-inflated
balloon—and, instead of peace, I hope the next
news will bring submission to the Federal Power,
or that the hordes of the Pirates are burnt
to the ground." There is an indication of a
deprecatory character at this—followed, however,
by ringing cheers, not from Americans recollect, but
from Englishtneti! And Mr. TRAIN continues—
" Never," he exclaims, "was known before such an
outbreak of nationality." Another allowable, per.
haps more than allowable, rapture of exaggeration
—that we will pass like its predecessor. " The
Hermit PETER and his Crusaders," he says, "and
the rising of the Girondists . . . were nothing
in comparison to the outburst of enthusiasm from
the insulted North, who [here follows a truly
transatlantic figure of speech] will pour down upon
the pirate bands and traitor gangs and sweep them
off like turning the waters of the Mississippi into
the drains of New Orleans and purify the city, by
cleansing the accumulated political stench of the
party lately in office." Later in his speech Mr.
TRAIN adjures his English audience—" Don't forget
what I have told you about the issue of the contest
—America must drop the comparison. It is no
longer North and South, it is order against anarchy
—patriots against parricides—Unionists against
traitors. They must submit," he says, " or—be
exterminated." Speaking of the desperation of
their plight (the plight of the Southerners) at this
moment, he breaks forth in words thus impassioned :
—" They have sown the wind and must reap the
whirlwind—with naval brigades forming—patriotic
bands raising—merchantstontributing—bells ring-
ing Union—cannon roaring Union—fair girls wear-
ing next their bosom Union bows, woven with Union
rosettes—and cheers going up to Heaven from the
Union men of Union-square—with such action Ame-
rica fears no evil." And, in a yet more fervid strain,
he thus continues—" The fisherman at Marble-
head drops his net and cries Union, to the rescue—
the farmer on the Green Mountain hears it at the
plough, and the Ohio boatman passes over to the
hunter on the prairie, onward over a range of moun-
tain passes to the gold digger on the Sacramento,
when up go the flags, as San Francisco cries Union
along the line. General HOUSTON'S great heart is
gladdened at the sound," he cries out, " and on he
rushes with the red artillery. Fort Pickens booms
a reply that reaches to the capitol, and cheers
our old back-woodsman PRESIDENT, till the tears
start as he hears the cry of Union now, and
Union for ever. It has been our living senti-
ment, and by the blessing of GOD it shall be our
dying sentiment—Union now and Union for
ever." Almost what we call in an Irishman a
bull, and in an Englishman a blunder—that about
" our dying sentiment" being "Union for ever."
But the heart from which those words of
patriotism leap in tones so earnest, commands our
heartiest sympathy for its enthusiasm. We bow
before that enthusiasm. And while we recognise
in the speaker one who is, body and soul, an
American—we recognise in him also one who is,
we may almost venture to say, a Compatriot.

The severest condemnation of the Southern
President's Address is its tone of "injured inno-
cence." In some of the continental states, houses of
a character which, in this country, subject the
landlords to a prosecution, are licensed by the
Government, and their unfortunate inmates receive
a regular license too. But we never heard of any
Christian Government treating this domestic insti-
tution as a perfectly innocent thing, much less of
its being exalted to a virtue, and represented as the
perfection of civilised society. In Japan, indeed,
as the Bishop of VICTORIA tells us, the TYCOON and
the DAIMIOS deal with the "social evil" much in
the fashion that Mr. DAvis does with slavery;
they regard it as a social good, and think the
wages of female shame as honourable a source of
gain as any other. President DAVIS assumes,
throughout his long address, that slavery is just
as good an institution as representative government,
trial by jury, or anything else which has been sup-
posed to belong to the most advanced stages of
Christian society.
In one passage Mr. DAVIS sets forth, with
American eloquence, the blessings which the whites
have conferred on the negroes by using them as
property. The primeval one—that of increasing
and multiplying—the negroes have enjoyed almost
to the same extent as Australian sheep—they have
increased, he says, from 600,000 at the date of the
constitutional compact, we presume he means in
1787, to upwards of 4,000,000. While as to their
moral and religious improvement, according to
Mr. DAVIS'S account, those "brutal savages," under
the mild teaching of the south, have become
"docile, intelligent, and civilised agricultural
labourers, supplied not only with bodily
comforts, but with careful religious instruc-
tion." The marvels wrought by this gentle
moral and Christian use of the "brutal
savages" show that it is the system on -which
the smiles of Heaven rest, for it has converted
the South, of course for the benefit of the former
savages, into a second Eden. " Under the super-
vision of a superior race, their labour has been
so directed as not only to allow a gradual and
marked amelioration of their own condition, but
to convert hundreds of thousands of square miles
of the wilderness into cultivated lands, covered
with a prosperous people ; towns and cities have
sprung into existence, and rapidly increased in
wealth and population, under the social system of
the South." The white populationhas also increased
from a million and a-quarter to eight millions and I
a-half between 1787 and 1860 I "and the productions
of the South in cotton, rice, sugar, and tobacco, for
the full development and continuance of which the
labour of African slaves was and is indispensable,
has swollen to an amount which forms nearly
three-fourths of the exports of the whole United
States, and become absolutely necessary to the
wants of civilised man."

Englishmen should see how a man of Mr.
DAVIS'S intelligence can portray the blessings of
Southern slavery. Either this is all done in sin-
cerity and belief in the truth of the picture, or it
is a Consciously got-up representation to delude,
were that possible, the Christian world. If the
former, probably the history of Christian civilisa-
tion does not contain a more striking instance of
the subversion of the moral instincts by a long
course of crime. In earlier days they were not so
entirely perverted. Slavery was felt to be, in
itself, the evil and the wrong which Christianity
has, throughout Europe, pronounced it to be; the
plea was, " We inherit it, we do not defend it, but
we must have time to get rid of it by gradual
amelioration of the slave's condition." Now
the South is mad with the North, because the lat-
ter retains the Christian view of slavery, while the
former has sunk back to a Mahommedan or heathen
.
view of it. The South now uses its possession of
the Christian's revelation, not to learn from it the
sinfulness of slaVery, but convert the Redeemer
himself into its patron. In looking at the eulogies
of slavery we have quoted above from Mr. DAVIS'S
pen, one might, however, be almost tempted to
ask him what hinders the emancipation of these
negroes ? If they have been rendered such
docile, intelligent, and civilised agricultural

labourers," and are under such "careful religious
instruction," what hinders them in a country of
universal suffrage from being, not only emancipated,
but entrusted with full civil rights ? Could more,
if so much, be said for Northern labourers, and es-
pecially for a large part of the emigrant labourers
from Europe ? Surely, the combination of "intel-
ligence and docility" under the " supervision of the
Superior Race" must be as good political, as well
as social and industrial, material as could be de-
sired ? Or, under all this declamation, does the
plain fact lurk that all this boasted improvement of
the negro has left him in the condition that his
master cannoerely on his industry except as stimu-
lated by the lash, and that he deems him incom-
petent to take care of himself?
Probably, to reflecting men, the worst feature of
the Southern case is just this blind belief in the
innocence of negro slavery, and this cool reasoning
about slaves as property. For, singularly enough,
in immediate connection with these grand
descriptions of the intellectual and moral
blessings bestowed by the whites on the
negro, Mr. DAVIS passes with the utmost ease to
speaking of him as property ! That is, the good
the men of the South have done their slaves is
summed up in this—" They are actually so far im-
proved that they are equal to well-trained dogs and
horses—so improved that they really are fit to be
bought and sold, and at a somewhat higher price
in consequence of the improvement. They are
now valuable property, which the wicked North is
madly jeopardising. What can possess the North
that they should do it. They do not endanger our
other property. Our horses and oxen, our pigs
and sheep, they take no steps to prevent our takieg
them into the territories; they do not denounce
stables, and sheepfolds, and sties as 'sinful institu-
tions,'—what craze can possess those Abolitionists
and free-soilers that they shake the value thus of
our vast, docile, intelligent, and civilised' pro-
perty." Such, without caricature, is the tone of this
remarkable document in regard to slavery. It does
not offer any apology to the Christian world for its
existence; it has not a word to say on its behalf,
because apparently there is no perception that it is
needed. Indeed, the quarrel is represented as
being chiefly one for State independence, although
that independence is desired merely that it may be
used to extend and strengthen the dominion of
slaveholding. On the face of this long and very
able document the strange fact is obvious, that not-
withstanding the universal verdict of the Christian
world, notwithstanding all the circumstances of
the dispute itself—Mr. DAVIS can write of slavery
as an innocent thing and a blessing, and not seem
aware that he is labouring under moral insanity.

THE COUNT-OUT. -Th,
the 34 members present when

Le following were among
i the house was counted at 4

o'clock yesterday :

Edward Ball
W. H. Barrow
Thomas Bazley
G. A. F. C. Bentinck
W. B. Brand
A. D. W. B. Cochrane
Sir W. Dunbar
E. C. Egerton
John Ennis
William E wart
Charles Forster
Colonel French
Samuel Gregson
Colonel Greville
P. S. Humberston
Wilfred Lawson

John Harvey Lewis
W. N. Massey
William Mundy
J. H. Phillips
Sergeant Pigott
David Pugh
F. W. Russell
Vincent Scully
Captain Stacpoole
Colonel Taylor
R. Torrens
W. Vansittart
C. Villiers
S. H. Walpole
Sir Henry Willoughby

WESTMINSTER JEW'S FREE SCHOOL, GREEK-
STREET, SOHo.—The anniversary of this progressing in-
Wtation, conducted on similar principles to that of Bell-
lane, Spitalfields, was held on Wednesday evening, at
Willis's-rooms, St. James's, presided over by Mr. Alder-
man Salomons, M.P., president of the school, supported
by the Rev. Dr. Adler ; Mr. William Roupell, M.P.,
Professor Hart, R.A., Mr. Jacob Waley, M.A., Mr. Thos.
Burt, M.A., Mr. N. Montefiore, Mr. D. Mocatta, Mr. L.
Cohen, Mr. P. J. Salomons, Mr. Faudel, Mr. H. L. Keeling,
vice president, and a numerous body of gentlemen both of
Chilstian. and Jewish creed. Some eloquent speeches were
made by the chairman, and others, and led to a pecuniary
response of upwards of £6OO ; and the introduction of 200
children, girls and boys, who sang sweetly in chorus, and
the charming sirarlicity, in the recital by two of them, of
Hebrew and English odes, coupled with their neat,
healthy, and happy appearances, elicited the warmest
sympathies of the company.

THE GALWAY PACKET CONTRACT.—In reply to
a deputation from Galway, which waited on the Lord
Lieutenant on Thursday in Dublin, to make representations
against the abrogation of the Post-office contract with the
Atlantic Mail Packet Company, his Excellency said :—I
beg to assure you that I have not waited until now to ex-
press my sympathy with the views and wishes which you
have laid before me. I should most sincerely regret the
final disappoiLtment of the hopes which gave birth to the
contract of the Government with the Atlantic Royal Mail
Steam Packet Company. It is only fair, however, while I
perceive the force of many of the considerations set forth in
your memorial, that I should mention that I have not been
mado acquainted accurately or in detail with the arguments
that are alleged on the other side of the question. I shall
not fail to transmit your views for the earnest consideration
of her Majesty's Government, and to entreat for them the
most favourable reception which they can find it consistent
with their duty to bestow.

NEW NIGIIT SERVICE TO PARIS, &c.—The South
laastern and the Northern of France Railway Companies
have organised a new second or nightly service, to begin on
the 31st inst., between London ands Paris, via Folkestone
and Boulogne by the regular trains, in addition to the ex-
isting special ten-hour tidal service. This night service,
occupying during the greater part of the month about 161
hours on the journey, and being first and second class, will
be convenient for these who prefer the Folkestone and
Boulogne route to the longer and more expensive route of
the same companies by the night mail train via Calais,
which is restricted to first-class passengers. An extension
of the through ticket system of the South-Eastern Railway
has just been brought into operation. In consequence of the
opening of the Saltzburg Railway between Munich and
Vienna, passengers can be booked through, via Paris o
Vienna, and also as heretof6re, via Cologne. Through
tickets are now for the first time issued to ➢lannheim,
Carlsruhe, Saltzburg, Munich, Kustendje, and Constanti-
nople via Paris ; and to Baden-Baden and Heidelberg via
Paris, as well as by the Cologne route, as formerly. The
route to Constantinople, for which these tickets are avail-
able via the Danube and the Black Sea Railway, offers a re-
duced sea voyage of 24 hours. The through ticket system
of the South-Eastern Railway and the continental rail-
ways in connection now embraces nearly every European
capital.
MILITARY RIOTING AT GREAT YARMOUTH.—
, GREAT YARMOUTH, May 24.—This town has this week
been the scene ,of some rather alarming disturbances be-
tween parties of the East Norfolk Militia and a detachment.
of Royal Artillery at present stationed in the suburb of
Southtown. The squabbling commenced on Saturday even-
ing, and increased in intensity every day till Tuesday
evening, when for a short space a serious riot took place on
the wide open space fronting the river, and between the
bridge and the Town. hall. The artillerymen were over-
powered by numbers, and, after a sharp encounter, in which
the militiamen resorted freely to the use of their belts—which
weigh and are formidable weapons in the hands of
excited men—were compelled to retreat across the bridge,
two of them being so seriously wounded that they had to
be placed in hospital. The dispute seems to have arisen
from a very trumpery and discreditable cause. One of the
militiamen had wooed a girl, but instead of favouring him
with her comp any she transferred it to an artilleryman,
in whose society the militiaman afterwards found her.
Fired with jealousy, the militiaman struck the 'girl,
and her companion espoused her cause, and told the
jealous assailant that he ought to be ashamed of himself
for attacking a woman in such a manner. The quarrel
was soon made public and joined in by other men on
both sides, and, as the drinking facilities with which
the town abounds increased the exasperation, it soon as-
sumed formidable proportions. After the disturbance on
Tuesday evening, which only lasted about a quarter of an
hour, and was not attended with any destruction of property,
energetic measures were adopted for preserving the peace.
The bridge over the river by which the combatants commu-
nicated with each other was guarded on Wednesday and
Thursday with pickets of artillerymen on one side, and
militiamen with fixed bayonets on the other, and no artil-
lerymen were allowed to enter Yarmouth, while all the
militamen were kept out of Southdown. These salutary
measures proved completely successful, and on Wed-
nesday evening and Thursday evening the peace of the
town was fully restored. The rioting on Tuesday night
took place shcatly after 6, that comparatively early hoer
having been selected as the artillerymen were ordered to be
in barracks by 8. The magistrates met to consider the best.
means of checking the disturbances, and a request was made
to the militia authorities that their men should be deprived
of their belts, but this could not be done without the sanc-
tion of the Horse Guards. The girl, the original cause of
the outbreak, was on Thursday brought before the magis-
trates, and committed for two months in default of her be-
ing able to find sureties to keep the peace,

Et.-iT NE WS.

THE AMERICAN WAR.
QUEENSTOWN, MAY 25.
The Royal Mail steamship Arabia arrived hero
at 4.15 a.m.

She landed all letters except those for Liverpool,
and proceeded at 4.45 a.m. All well.
She brings 120 passengers, and 13,950 dols. for

Havre.
She left Boston on the 15th, and Halifax on the
17th instant.

(BY TELEGRAPH TO HALIFAX.)
NEW YORK, MAY 16.
The remains of Washington have been removed
from Mount Vernon by the Virginians.

The Federal Government has notified to the
foreign Powers that it will cease to hold intercourse
with any foreign Power which recognises any com-
missioners from the rebel States.

The report that Breckenridge is to command
under Major Anderson is probably untrue.
A proposition is before the Convention of Dele-
gates in Western Virginia to separate from the
eastern part cf the State, and form a New Virginia.
Over 40 counties are represented in the Convention.

The Governors of Ohio and Pennsylvania have
pledged their States to protect the Unionists in
Western Virginia.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, MAY 16.

The cltton-market is firm. Middling upland,
141. Flour dull. An active business doing in
wheat for export ; good qualities are firm, but
inferior declining. Corn unchanged.

NEW ORLEANS, MAY 15.
Sales of cotton to-day 1,500 bales. Middling,
111 to 14.

TURIN, MAY 24.

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
questions were put by several members respecting
the approaching eelebratior of the national fete.
Signor Minghetti, Minister of the Interior, re-
plied, and stated at the same time that the dis-
turbances at Milan had terminated.

ROME, MAY 22 (via MARSEILLES.)

Chisten, one of the military leaders of the re-
actionary movement, has returned to Rome. It is
asserted that encyclical letters are being secretly
circulated, with the object of exciting agitation
among the clergy.

' The French police are on the alert to prevent the
enlistment of brigands.

PARIS, MAY 24.

An official notice from the Prefect of Police has
to-day been affixed to the doors of the Freemasons'
lodges, according to which all meetings at the
lodge of the Grand Orient are suspended, and the
assembly adjourned until October next.
The Pays of this evening says :—" The Sultan
has been attacked by dyspepsia."

NAPLES, MAY 23.

M. di San Martino, the new Lieutenant of the
King, has issued a circular, in which he intimates
the intention of the Government to uphold legality
above the movements of political parties.
He instructs the functionaries b whom :the cir-
cular is addressed to listen to all complaints and
diverse opinions, but not to entertain any accusa-
tion unless accompanied by proofs. In conclusion,
he urges the strict execution of all orders trans-
mitted to them by the Government.

MILAN, MAY 24.

Tranquillity prevails in this city.
The attitude of the troops, the National Guard,
and the majority of the inhabitants is admirable.
About 100 persons have been arrested.

Porte to all the representatives of the foreign
Powers at Constantinople by a circular of May 1.

RUSSIA.

The Word gives the following as a summary of
Prince Gorfschakoff's despatch on the Syrian affair
to Count de Kisseleff, which has been mentioned by
telegraph:—
"The document states that as the moment for the
evacuation approaches, the Russian Government
regards with apprehension the painful consequences
it will probably produce ; that in the last con-
ferences it constantly objected to the evacuation,
and that it declines the responsibility of conse-
quences which it was the first to foresee and to
point out to Europe. That responsibility, it says,
must necessarily fall on those who have persisted
in demanding the cessation of the French occu-
pation. Accordingly, Ceunt de Kisseleff is re-
quested, by order of his Sovereign, to speak to
this effect to his colleagues in the recent conferences,
so as to leave no doubt in their minds as to the
views of the Russian Government on the matter.
The despatch at the same time refers to the nume-
rous petitions from foreign residents in Syria., ex-
pressing fears that the recall of the French troops
will lead to grave events. The declaration made
by the Russian Cabinet is of great importance, for
it clearly shows that it is neither Russia nor France
which abandons the unfortunate Christians of Syria
to the cruelties of Mussulman fanaticism, which is
ready to break out anew. This document moreover
proves that no definitive regulation of the Syrian
question has been adopted by the European com-
mission in that province."