The Sun.
London, England, 1861-06-13 00:00:00

F OR D

0 X

Mr. LEVY, undoubtedly the best performer of the day on
the Cornet-a-Piston—Grand Selecti•ms (on the most complete
scale) from Dinorah, Martha, Stradella, &c., and other vocal
and instrumental music, by Miss Russell, the Misses Stuart,
and Miss Ernst, Messrs. Charles Greville, Fornari, Kimber-
ley, Bernard, Beaumont, Bervon, Huish, Signor Tivoli, and
Mr. Henry Herbert, with full band and powerful and selected
chorus, conducted by Mr. F. Jonghmans.—The following
Comio talent, Messrs. W. Randall, J. Blanchard, W. IL Wie-
land, Hollingsworth, E. Marshall, Harvey, and French, and
the Brothers Conrad in their latest and best entertainment,
every evening. Admission, Hall, sixpence ; Balcony and
Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIs LAT.—MOTning, 4h. 53m.—Afternoon, sh. 16m
TO-MORROW.-Morning, sh. 37m.—Afternoon, sh. 58m,

THE WEATHER.—SuN OFFICE, JUNE 13, NU
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
71—highest since noon yesterday.:
55—lowest this morning and during the night.
72—this day at ROOll.

BAROMETER-30.25.
WIND—S.-Easterly—rather fresh; with fine warm sum.
mer weather, but cloudy.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 188.

Lord MACAULAY, in the posthumous volume (vo
5) of his great History of England, speaks of the
Partition of Poland as the greatest political crime
that has been perpetrated in Modern Europe.
Nearly a century has elapsed—remembering the
time, " the best part of a century," remember-
ing the crime, " the worst part of a century," has
elapsed since the Partition of Poland was com-
pletely accomplished. As in the instance of some
of those frightful decollations which horrified the
world before the headsman's axe gave place to
the resistless blade of the guillotine—it took three
successive blows with protracted intervals between
them, it took three successive blows from the
Sword of Autocracy before the murdered King-
dom of Poland was effectually dismembered.
Divided nominally only, however, after al'
—that the world has long since recognised
Insomuch that those who have all along sym-
pathised with the fate of Poland, with the lament-
able condition of the Polish people, may be said to
have sustained the hopes of each other in regard to
Poland, may be said to have kept alive hope even
in the innermost hearts of the Poles themselves, by
reverently applying to the future of the Polish
Nationality the Holy Words—
" She is not Dead—but Sleepeth 1"
That is really and truly not so much the ardent
hope, as the earnest conviction, of those who still
believe, of those who have all along believed in
the rehabilitation, of the Kingdom of Poland,
in the actual and substantial realisation once more,
in the sight of Christendom, of the apparently for
ever vanished day-dream of Polish Independence.
And it is because of this that we witness
still these annual meetings of the Friends of
Poland—friends clustered together under the title
of a purely literary, but, in truth, a distinctly
political association. Otherwise than for the belief
cherished in the hearts of the members of that
association in the veritable possibility of carry-
ing out the design they aspire to see in the
end accomplished—otherwise than for their belief
in this as well as their hope for it, their
persistent enthusiasm in the cause would be
almost ridiculous, would certainly be utterly
incomprehensible. At the latest of these annual
meetings, at the society's rooms in Duke
street, St. James's, the Earl of HARROWBY,
about the least sanguine, though assuredly not by
any means the least zealous, among all the Friends
of Poland enrolled upon the lists of the associa-
tion, avowed quite as firm a conviction on his
own part, in the ultimate triumph of the cause, as
had been expressed immediately before the noble
lord rose, by -a that far more sanguine,
though hardly in any respect more zea-
lous, advocate of the rights of Poland
the Earl of HARTINGTON. Immediate good for
Poland, the former nobleman declared quite frankly
he did not look for—but eventual liberation assur-
edly he did! Referring to the actual state of
things in that unhappy land, Lord HARROWBY
well remarked, " Whilst Poland as a whole was
deprived of its national independence and its na-
tional unity, the severed portions were to be kept
up as a distinct nationality; but it is now clear
that swell an arrangement, however successful, as
it clearly has been, in keeping up the national
Spirit, was preposterous, and therefore that the
treaties require :alteration. Within the last few
months it has been plainly shown that such alteration
is needed, and also that however much the land
of Poland may be divided Poland is at heart
united. I maintain it was not possible at the
Congress of Vienna to effect a different arrange-
tuent than was then entered into for Poland; but It certain does appear strange enough, as Mr.
out
ounr of evil often comes good. Possibly 'if that DISRAELI took occasion to remark last evening at
cy had been reconstructed then into one
political body—a political unity—we should the Freemasons' Hall, while presiding as Chairman
not at the anniversary banquet of the Agricultural
have seen that happy union of spirit which the
last few months in Warsaw have called forth. Benevolent Institution, that the claims of " the most
Should we have seen Protestants, Catholics, and ancient vocation in the world" should only so
Jews all united in one common brotherhood of recently as last year (1860) have been formally
recognised by the establishment of any such
feeling as now in Poland ? Well, then, we may humane association. The reason for this, at the
hope that if hereafter Poland should become first glance, apparently inexplicable oversight, the
right hon.
a great political unity, she will obtain greater
and more secure political freedom
wards to egzentlemal went on immediately after-
than she
Would otherwise have found." It is exactly thus, genuit. plain with no less lucidity than in-
we may assert, with y lie attributed the cause of no pre-
all the Friends of Poland in.,
Tim effort in this -way having been hitherto

Northerns knew but how to use it. One step as

suredly ought to be to declare, that by warlike
secession, all the States guilty of it had cancelled
their claim on the Federal Government to tolerate
the evil which they made the ground of
disunion ; that wherever, therefore, the old
Federation had to employ force to regain its
right, there, slaves, the cause of the war,
should be ipso facto free. That freedom, in fact,
should follow the march of federal armies into any
State, and the appearance of a blockading federal
fleet off any coast—that be the results of the libera-
tion of the slaves what they might, those who
made them a ground of secession must be answer-
able for them. Such a policy as this would enlist
the goodwill of all Christian nations on the side of
the North, and would, we fear, only put an end t'
the war too soon—too soon, because the slave States
would fear armies equipped with liberty for the slave,
more than batteries of the best Armstrong guns,
and they would give in to the Union before they had
been compelled to give up slavery. A letter from New
Orleans, publish from the Times, shows
horleawlintstl whicheto w
be trustede the slaves are, even so far

south ; it shows also that the South must be really

more in want of fighting men than they profess to

be, since they have actually kidnapped British

residents, to make them, as FRANKLIN PIERCE

might say, "involuntary" volunteers.

' adventured upon in this country to the simple
and obvious circumstance of the farmer's
complete isolation from the rest of the
community. That isolation having been rendered
of late years, so to speak, a matter of absolute im-
possibility henceforth, because of the more and more
complicated intersection of the country by railroads.
Hence the right hon. gentleman remarked that
naturally enough the agricultural population had
eventually awakened to a sense of the urgent neces-
sity there was for the holding out to each other of
a helping hand in cases of great emergencies, arising
out of unlooked-for and, in very many instances,
wholly undeserved misfortune. "Intercourse,"
as IN2 r. DISRAELI well observed in reference to the
mere reasonableness of this tardy awakening—" in-
tercourse not only produced knowledge, but some-
thing far better even than knowledge—sympathy."
Hence, in effect, it is that this Agricultural Bene-
volent Institution, which was founded only as
recently as last year, may be recognised as having
sprung from the gradual development, and the
wider and wider extension of the three great and
beneficent systems of penny postage, of railways,
and of electro-telegraphic communication. The far-
mer's horizon, formerly contracted within the circum-
ference of the parish bounderies—has expanded be-
yond the reach of all ordinary calculation. He no
longer depends for his information in regard to the
rest of the world upon the ignorant gossip at the

tavern ordinary upon market-days, or upon the stale
dribblets of information that might be spelt out by

him, with extreme difficulty, at remote intervals)
from the columns of the month-old local newspapers.
Thanks to the railroads, to the telegrams, to the penny
postage, and to the penny newspapers, said Mr.
DISRAELI, the agricultural population were almost
upon a par with the inhabitants of great cities, even
with the population of the metropolis, in respect to
the advantages arising out of what may be termed
the combination. of rapidity and periodicity of intel-
ligence. Henceforth the farmer is not left to
struggle on alone against all the various perils and
uncertainties incident in a peculiar manner to his
primeval occupation. The destructive storm, the
barren harvest, the murrain, the mildew, and the
rot—occasionally interfere sometimes disas-
trously with all his wisest forethought and all
his most rational calculations. He need no longer
contend against these alone, unaided, unknown,
and consequently unsympathised with in his time
of trial and solicitude. Supplemented as it were to
the prudential system of insurance that has been
growing up with such marvellous speed during the
past half century, comes now in aid of those at least
who may be put to the direst straights, the benefi-
cent assistance yielded through the agency of this
Agricultural Benevolent Institution. Ths original
idea out of which the association appears to have
emerged, Mr. Alderman MECIEI seems to have had
the honour and merit of suggesting. Two years
only have yet elapsed since the scheme was first
taken in hand with any visible hope of the project
it involved being carried out in genuine earnest.
Daring one year only has it been in actual opera-
tion. Yet is it even now, we rejoice to learn, an
expanding and advancing enterprise. The anni-
versary banquet could hardly have been more
of a success than it was yesterday. The
eloquent advocacy of the claims of the
institution by the right hon. chairman of the even-
ing, resulted in a generous and munificent series of
subscriptions there and then handed over to the
treasurer to swell the funds of the Association.
Four thousand pounds sterling, it is pleasant to
know in regard to this newborn Institution, had
already been invested in its name before the
banquet of yesterday. And already many farmers
in distress, and many widows of other farmers de-
ceased, are (from the Funds of this Benevolent In-
stitution) at this very time in receipt of pensions
of twenty pounds per annum—the recipients of
these little pensions being thereby relieved from
the anguish of absolute destitution. And this
through the agency, it is at once consoling and
encouraging to remember, of a benevolent society
only the other day, as it were, called into existence!

We must of course bow to the law of our own
Lord Chancellor, all the other judges who heard
the case uniting also in opinion with him. As a
matter of fact, the Emperor of AUSTRIA has ob-
tained the aid of an English court of justice in
preventing the preparation of a paper currency to
supersede legally that which he now circulates
illegally in Hungary. While, however, it is useless
to impugn the Lord Chancellor's law, we must think
that it is the old case of summum jus summa iiajurra.
On the ground on which our First Judge in the
land based his decision we must confess that in our
non-technical judgment it seems somewhat a strain-
ing of the case for the strong against the weak—
for our Ministers and the Emperor of AUSTRIA
against an exiled patriot. Verily the stolen note
has been used to some purpose! The thief and his
numerous abettors have succeeded in their object.
Suppose we admit that, the usurper of the Hun-
garian Crown having been recognised as de facto
King of HUNGARY by our Government, our Courts
were not at liberty to inquire whether he was
really King or not; suppose they were not even
at liberty to question his fraudulent issue of
Vienna banknotes in Hungary, and illegally
making them legal tender there ; admitting all
this for argument's sake, we are yet at a loss to
see how the plaintiff showed that KOSSUTH'S notes
would injure the property of the Usurping
but de facto, King. KossuTH asserts, and
the form of the notes guarantees the truth
of the assertion, that they were not to
be used—indeed they would be useless—until
the present state of things ceased, and the usurper
had no longer any property in the currency which
he now forces on Hungary. Such a state of things
may be a dream or not, but only in the case of its
becoming a reality could the notes of M. KOSSUTH
be of any value. They purport, says Lord
CAMPBELL, to be received by the State and a

State offices. True, but the very statement is
proof, that they contemplate another Government as
represented by those offices, and one in which

LOUIS KOSSUTH would have a right to sign these

notes. Lord CAMPBELL seems to agree that had
they been arms which were manufactured, as they

might have been, for a lawful purpose, an in-
junction might have been refused—but to most

persons it will seem a very lawful pur-
pose for a person to prepare for an
event which he, however mistaken, believes to
be certain, and to prepare, too, what it would
be wrong and injurious to use unless that event
should occur. We cannot see that the Lord
Chancellor had before him one tittle of evidence
to prove that the notes would or could be used
in any other case than the perfectly legitiinate
one—that at some time hence the Hungarian
Diet should accept these notes and declare
them legal tender. Till that was done

the notes could do no harm ; when that was done

they would be a public benefit. England will be

sorry that in her courts of equity, through legal

refinements, a KOSSUTH loses his fair rights,

while the original thief, the unknown policeman,

Sir RICHARD MAYNE, our Foreign and Home
Secretaries, the Emperor of AUSTRIA, in fact, and

all his abettors, gain their object against exilei

patriotism.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

PLYMOUTH, THURSDAY.

The British Trident, belonging to Messrs. James
Baines and Co., from Sydney March 14, with 3,300
bales of wool and a quantity of bides, tallow, &e.,
is gone up Channel.

She has 22 saloon and 32 second cabin passel'.
gers, of whom six landed here, viz., Dr. Slater, and
Messrs. J. Weinholt, T. Weinholt, Schroter, Young,
and Hunt.

In the South Pacific the British Trident encoun-
tered unusual quantities of ice between long
172 and 95 W. Fields of packed ice prevailed, and
about 1,500 bergs were observed. The weather
was so dense and foggy that, although under
easy sail, the proximity of the icebergs was only
known by tha noise of the sea breaking on them.
Cape Horn was rounded April 22, and the Equator
crossed May 17.

Captain Boyce (formerly of the Royal Charter),
who commanded the British Trident, died at sea
March 23d, when her chief officer, Mr. Lakey,
took charge.

The transport, War Spirit, of Bridgewater, Cap-
tain Lucas, from Kurrachee, with 298 invalid troops
in medical charge of Dr. Goolet, has passed up
Channel. The officers are—Captain Chichester,
81st; Lieut. Haines, 93d; Lieut. Fawcett, 7th ; and
Ensign Humphrey, 94th. Nine men and one
woman died on the passage. She sailed Feb. 25,
and touched at the Cape April 13.