The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-21 00:00:00

EDWIN CHADWICK in the public interests to be
worthy of praise. The encomiums lavished
upon this veteran public servant would
have found fewer dissentients, we cannot
but think, however, had these efforts of his in
the public cause been always as much to the
purpose as in the instance here referred to. We
earnestly trust that the wise and judicious rea-
soning of Mr. EDWIN CHADWICK, npon the im-
portance of paying more sedulous attention to the
subject of physical education, will be taken seri-
ously into account by those entrusted with the
mental and moral training of Young England.
Elsewhere we give the argument of Mr. CHAD-
WICK in its condensed form, and we commend it
heartily to very general consideration.

Before another twelvemonth shall have elapsed
there will come into operation that Treaty between
France and England, recently concluded between
the two Governments, for the free emigration of
coolies from the shores of our Indian empire to Re-
union, Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. It
was only on Monday that the text of this Treaty
was published in the columns of the Illoniteur. It
is to come into operation on the Ist of July, 1862.
It will thenceforth be in operation for three years
and a half—namely, until the new year's day of
1866. Supposing, however, what is called the denun-
ciation of the treaty does not take place previously
to the end of the third twelvemonth, that is to say,
in the July of the year 1865—it is so arranged that
the Treaty may thenceforth be renewed from year
to year as an annual undertaking. How this may
be decided, it were, of course, impossible to predict
at the present moment with any confidence. The
decision, in fact, is avowedly to be one dependent
upon a contingency. England and France will
agree then as to the future in the matter of coolie
emigration from our Indian possessions to the
French colonies coming to their decision at
that stipulated period by the light of the expe-
rience in the meantime gained. Supposing the
treaty to have worked well during the previous
three years, it will be renewed, as ws have said,
annually, twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Sup-
posing the reverse—or, supposing the advantages
arising from the operation of the Treaty to be in
any way dubious or equivocal—according to
arrangement—from the Ist of January, 1866,
that RTreaty of three years and a half
will finally cease and determine. Whether
its operation is to be merely thus temporary, or
whether it is to be rendered in a manner permanent
by renewal upon renewal, time alone can show.
Meanwhile, it is satisfactory at any rate to know in
regard to the Treaty itself that every reasonable
security for the freedom of the coolies has been as-
sured to them through this Treaty by the agreement
of Earl CoWLEY and M. DE THOUVENEL, the two
distinguished plenipotentiaries by whom it has
been negotiated. In itself, however, it is pleasant
to regard The Treaty as another visible fruit of the
intimate alliance between the two Governments.

Mr. BOWYER'S clients are receiving their due
from the counsel for the prosecution of brigands,
Generals CIALDINI and PINELLI. The atrocities
perpetrated by the wretches would baffle all con-
ception were they not reported on too good autho-
rity. They put on frequently the old Bourbon
uniform that they may pass, if caught, for rebels only
but their practice is not merely to ransack
houses for plunder, but to kill men
and women, too, if known to be Liberals,
with every device of cruelty and indignity.
One man, we read, who was attempting to escape
from their hands, in order to alarm the neighbour-
ing villages, was dressed up by them as a woman
and burnt alive in the public square. These fiends
are cowards enough if danger approaches, and they
flee at once on the approach of any regular troops.

The generals appear, however, to understand their
work well. All of the brigands cannot run fast and
far enough to get under the wing of his Holiness,
and the French, but are overtaken by their pur-
suers and killed, or captured, or have to surrender
at discretion. They are met with in small
bodies, who descend from the mountains
if they think the soldiers are at a
distance, and plunder, burn, and shoot more
apparently from brutality and revenge than for
the booty of which they can make sure. They
fire for instance at railway trains, and attack help-
less villages. One CHIAVONE, the Lieut.-General
of FRANCIS 11., as he seems to be called, is
the chief leader, and has a large number with
him. He has no means of resisting, however,
successfully, the regular troops, and but for the
mountain difficulties, would soon be killed or taken.
We read of one case in which the insurgents num-
bered 400—but they fled, leaving 100 prisoners,
and 35 dead. They were well supplied
with arms and ammunition ! In one case
150 men wanted to surrender if assured of immunity,
but the answer invariably made to all such offers is
—"You will be tried by the tribunals, and acquitted
if guilty of rebellion only,but condemned if you have
made rebellion a pretext for robbery and murder."
The insurgents are but poor fighters, the Italian
losses in engagements with them being very small.
It is really time that these savage wretches were
deprived of the only countenance which supports
them. They can be of no use to the fallen
monarch. To permit him and Rome to continue
this devilish kind of revenge, out of mere malice,
on the innocent, is a disgrace to civilisation, and
we hope Lord PALMERSTON will be able to
convince his friend the EMPEROR of this. Italy
will never be at peace till Rome is in its power.

Her Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge bas
arrived at the Chateau of Rumpenheim, near Frankfort,
on a visit to his illustrious relatives. Her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Cambi idge and the Princess Mary have
already joined the family circle assembled at the chateau.
Married, yesterday, at St. James's Church, Pic-
cadilly, by the Rev. Lord John Thynne, uncle of the bride-
groom, the Marquis of Bath, to the Hon. Fanny Vesey,
eldest daughter of Viscount do Vesci. In consequence of
the recent death of Lord Herbert, uncle of the bride, the
marriage was celebrated in the most private manner, none
but the nearest relations being present. The following
young ladies acted as bridesmaids on the occasion :—The
Lady Louisa 'I hynne, the Hon. Georgina Vesey, the Hon.
Beatrice Vesey, and the Lady Constance Murray.
The majority of the Marquis of Tullibardine,
ionly son of the Duke of Athole, has just been celebrated
with great rejoicings on the family estates in Perthshire.
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Tuesday,—Her
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left Majesty
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RoyalaDonani ed by
Pavi-
lion Hotel this morning at ten o'clock, and proceeded by
the Lord Warden, Captain Paul (South-Eastern Railway
Company's passenger-boat), to Boulogne. The Countess de
Kinto, M. Faria (Maria Christina's confessor), and a
physician, were in attendance on her Majesty. The Spanish
Ambassador and M. Merre (secretary of legation) accom-
panied her Majesty from London, taking leave as the Lord
ready forlc steamingEN sz
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Oonn t theoTfu harbour.
THEATRICAL TRADE
Wardenwas
L HALL, MANCIIESTER.—Mr. R. B. B. Cobbett, solicitor,
applied to the magistrates, at Manchester, yesterday, en
behalf of I\lr. 11. B. Peacock, for a license to enable that
gentleman to give stage-play performances at the Free •
trade Hall. The application was opposed by the lessees of
the two existing theatres, Mr. Knowles and Mr. Egan, but
the magistrates decided, after a very brief consultation, to
grant the license.
The Opinione gives some statistical details con-
cerning the city of Milan, from which it appears
that the population, which was 176,052 inhabitants
in 1351, is now 211,674. The daily floating population is
calculated at 2,000. The garrison is not comprised in these
numbers.