The Sun.
London, England, 1857-06-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON MONDAY EVENING, .I,UNE r, 1857

IVIAKKET NEWF.—(Tins DAY.)

SPORTING NOTES.

Paid; I'♦ LWA TS.

Leasing
Companies

Closing Prices
Saturday.

Business
this day

CORN EXCHANGE.
The leading country markers held on Saturday were fairly
supplied with wheat, and the trade ruled steady, on rather
higher terms. There was a fair inquiry for barley, at full
quotation.. Oats, beans, and peas commanded extreme
rates. Flour was rather dearer.
The continental markets have been firm of late, and the
value of wheat has had an upward tendency. From the
United States we learn that the value of wheat and flour
has fluctuated.
The supplies of English grain received up to our market
last week were very moderate. From abroad we ready, d
16'483 quarters of wheat, 7,053 barley, 41,531 oats, 1,008
rye, 400 be:ins, 4,297 peas, 50 linseed, 1,650 rapeseed, 180
sacks and 841 brls. of flour.
Fresh up, to-day, the arrivals of English wheat, coast-
wise and by land carriage, were on a very limited scale ;
hence, as a good clearance of the stands was effected on
Friday last, the show of samples was small. For all kinds
we had a steady, though not to say brisk, demand, at prices
fully equal to those realised on Monday last. The general
condition of the samples was, comparatively speaking,
tolerably good.
We were well supplied with nearly all kinds of foreign
wheat. Holders, generally, demanded higher rates, and
the trade was thereby checked. however, last week's
quotations were supported in every instance.
Floating cargoes of grain were very firm, but not dearer.
Scarcely any English barley was on offer ; and the sup-
ply of foreign was only moderate. The trade riled firm,
at full quotations. There was only a limited inquiry for
malt, on former terms.
Good ground oats sold steadily, and prices were a shale
higher. lufei ior qualities, which formed the bulk of the
supply, sold at late rates.
Beaus were in short supply, and fair request, at full
prices.
Peas sold to a fair extent, on former terms.
The flour trade was in a healthy state, arid Norfolk qua-
lities were held up to 48s per 2Solbs. American flour was
rather dearer.

NOTIONS ABOUT NEWCASTLE.

The racing last week was marked by incidents of more
than temporary interest. The unexpected merit dis-
played by Good Friday, at Hampton, redeemed the sport
on the Hurst from utter insignificance, and indeed many
of the competitors possessed something more than that
"thistle cropping" character which on former years
attached t•o the "performers." Good Friday was, it
will be remembered,. once heavily backed for the
Chester Cup,' and recently, on the strength of a more
satisfactory trial, he was made a prominent fa-
vourite for the Royal Hunt Cup. Fur that event and
also in a subsequent race at Ascot, he " cut up" wretch-
edly, and John Scott was not a little puzzled to account
for tho horse's inglorious exhibition,. The secret was
discovered at Hampton. Good Friday evidently has a
nasty temper and a great dislike to a crowd. He there•
fora ran iu " blinkers." His first race be won " run-
ning away," and was afterwards sold by auction to Mr.
John Barnard for 205 guineas. He started again for the
Queen's Plate, which he also won with "ridiculous
ease," and as his now owner backed him f,r a "pony,"
be had the great luck to obtain a good horse for
nothing l Mr. Jackson W 33 in immense force with his
" Buckthorn's" at Newton, and made a purchase wnich
may one day be profitable. He gave 1,5001, for Mon-
grel who seems a "glutton" at a distance, and who if
he had incurred no penalty would have been a very for-
midable opponent to Skirmisher at Newcastle. John
Osborne seems to have over estimated the racing merit
of his filly Intercidona, who has thrice disappuinted him.
A large meeting will take pines at Newcastle to-
morrow and the three following days, and despite the
long and tedious journey it possesses sufficient attrac-
tion to draw off many southern turfites from the plea-
sant gatherings in Hampshire. The list of sport
cresents quite a formidable array of entries and weights,
and there are so many "in and in" engagements that
I am not a little puzzled hew to deal with the proba-
lities. I shall couple "Mr. Henderson's" representa-
tive, either Assayer or Logie o' Buchan, with Manga-
nese, to do battle for me for The Member's Plate.
The colt by Buckthorn out of Captious is the
most attractive name amongst the nominations for
the Tyro Stakes. Should Vedette be recovered from

Buckghamsh.
;Clyde '.ale Je.
,Col.Stour \ .
E.Lin. g. 6 p.e
IE. Un. If, Sh.,
Gla.g. Barr. &I
Neils. Direct.
!Do. New
Glstr.&Dn.Fr
;Hull & Selby
Do. A Shares
!Do. Shares
Lon. &Greenw!
IDo.Prefercncel
Lon. Til., &S.
I Do. Bark. Sh.'
IManch.Bxton.'
and Matlock:
Mdld.Bradfd.
Newmarket
BuryE.G.spc.
&Est 5 p.c.
. .

13
.32 - 131
3i -

..• •••
106 - 103

1-21 - 12
224 - 23:1.
103 - 105
i - P

21 -
89 -

100

par
M -

Do. 6 per et..
Do.Fixedsp.c
Prest. dEAVyre

12:j! all Do. A Slirs: A
St. 100 Roystn.& Hit.
10 all Shrews.& Her
12 all ;S. Staffordsh
50 all WearVal.gtipc
25 all Do..
St. 100 Wilts&Somrst

lii - 133
7i - 84
9 - 9i

-32 i
87 - 89

PREFEREN,

E SHARES.

Blyth and Tyne 10 p.
c.pref. (issd.at 501.)
Bris.&Ex.4 p.c. St.
Do. 4 per c. Shares
Caledn. £lO 44 p. c
Chcs. & Ho. 54 p.c
Do. do. 5 per cent
Cork &Bandon 51p. c
Dun.Perth.&Aber.J
E. Anglian Cls. A Sh
Do. do. Cls. B 6p. c
Do. do. Cls. C 7 p. c
Eas. Co.Ex,sp.c No.]
Do. No. 2 .......
Do. New 6 pr. c. St.
East, Un., G. 6 p. c.
Do. 51., 10 per cent.
Do. 101. Debentr.Sh.
Do. do. 4 per cent
East Lane a 511.6 p.cts
E.&W. York. J. sth
Edin. & Gl. 5 p. c. Sh
Ed. Prth . &Dun. 4p. c
'Furness, 5 p. c
'Glas. & 5.W.G.5 p.c
Great Northn. 5 p.c
Do. 5 p. c. Redeem,
at 10 p. c. prem
Do. 44 per cent
Do. 5 p.c., Red. at 5
p, c. prem.
GLN . of Scot.l st Pre
Gt. S & W. (Ireland)
IDo. 4 per c. Pref. St.
IGt.W.(B.&ll.Ex.spc
Do, con. red. 44 p.c.
Do, con. rod. 4 p. c.
Do. irred. 4 per vnt.
Do 5 p. c. red. pref.
Do. Birm. Pref. Sh
Do. Chester Bp. c . P. S.
Do. do. 5 p..c. do
Do. Birm. Gua. Stk
Do. Chesh. Gua. Sh
Do. do. do
Do, do. do
Lan. & York. 6 pc. St
Lou. &B. G. 5 pc. No.l
D0.,P., 5 p.c. St.No.2
Do. New Guar. 6 p.c.
Do. do. 5 p. c., N 0.4
Lou. & N.W., Cov. &
Nuneaton 5 p. ct
Lon. & S.W. 7 perct
late 3d Shares
Londy.& Color. 4 Sh
Londy. &Ennis. 4 Sh
M., S. ,&L. 6 p. Cent
Do. do. do. £6
Do. do. 31 per cent.
Mary pt. is Carl. 4 p.c.
Do. per cent
Do. do.
Kid.Consol.6p.c. St
Do. Con. Br. Vr. 6 p.c
Do. 4? p. c. Pref. St
Do. L. &IL Prof. St
New., Aber.. &c.. pi
5 p. c. red. 5 n. c. pm
IDo. Perpet. 6 ct
Norf k Deb. 4 p.c. Sh
Do. 5 p. c. Ext. 1846
Do. 54 p.c. pf , 1847
Do.Wv.V.sp. _7347
North British
Do. 71. Preference
N. E. Berw. 4 p.c.Prf.
Do, do. do
IDo. Leeds 6 pc. No.l
IDo. do. Qrs., 1848
Do. York iL &S. Pur.
North Staffordshire
Ox., Wor. & Wolv. 6
p.c., Ist guar.
Do. 6 p. c. 2d guar
Scot. Cent. New Pref.
Sc. N. E. Aber. g.6n .c.
Do. do. 7 p.c. pf. Et.
Do. do.n- p.c. pf. St.
South Devon
Do, fixed 44 pr cent.
S. Eastern (r-ading
Anu.) or £1 Os. 6d.
Do. 44 per cent
Do. Fixed 44 p.c. Sh.
S. Wales Gua. 4 p. c.
Do. do. 44. p. c
S.Yorksh.4 p. c. Guar.
Stock. &Dar., 5 p. c.
Do. do. do.
Stock. & Hartl. g. 5.
p.c. till July 1, '5,•
5 I all Wa,terfd&Kilk. 6 pc.

V 5 I all

92 - 94

--:-

CURRY:NOY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE.
Wheat—Essex Sc Kent, 51alt—chevalier .. 783 to 80s
Rod ••• new 53s to 65s late Yorkshire and
Ditto.• • • .... old —s —s LinColush., Feed 20s 234
Ditto, White new 55s 808 Potato .
Ditto.. • • .... old —s —s Youghal and Cork
Norfolk and Lin- Black .... lgs 22,
coin, Red, old —3 —3 Cork, White . • • 191 28s
pm Ditto new ...... 62s 66; Scotch, Feed. •... 20s 24s
Kyo—Old •••• .. —8 —sl Beans—Tick ......... 36s 39s
NOW ............323 3631 Pigeons .... 42, 45s
garley—Grincling .• •.• 26s 328 Peas—Grey........ •• 37s 39s
Malting .•••• .. •• 41i 413 Map1e........... 39s 403
. Chevalier... . . 421 46s White........... 393 403
••• Sdilt—Suffolk and No- - Boilers •• • .... —37 s
... f01k............ 675 7781 Flour—Town ..nado••• 523 518
-- ••• Brawn . •••••••••••• Cis 6351 Suffolk •• ••
Kingston sud Ware 69s 783 i Stocktn &Norfolk 463. 48s
• -- •••
. •••
70 72 METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.

51 ---- ..i

109 - 112
109 - 112
-
I -
121 -12 i;

The total imports of foreign stock into London last week
were 4,4:32 head. In the corresponding week in 1856 we
received 3,530; in 1855, 4,659; in 1554, 4,452; in 1853,6,585;
in 1852, 6,0316; in 1851, 3,691; and in 1850, 3,502 head.

his Two Thousand lameness, and were he to meet Blink
Bonny for the North Derby a race would be afforded.
that would well repay the fatigue of the long journey
from London. As a probability exists, however, that
neither of these turf celebrities will be sent to Newcastle,
may Wardermarske may prove the most trustworthy
champion.

114 - 116

1106 - 108
1100 - 102

4t. 100
)0 60

ncroars INTO LONDON LAST WEISS.
From Beasts. Sheep. Lambs.
Hambnrgh l2 895
Rotterdam 173 829 234 257 ...
Derdt
Antwerp 4 ...
Terming
Bremen
Schiedam
Amsterdam 13
Calais . •• .••
Jersey
Harlingen ll2 ...

Calves. Pigs.

61 63
10 lOg

all
>t. 100
l 0 15

- - - ... 96 ...
2

The success of Skirmisher for the Northumberland
Plate seems to be a foregone conclusion. lam not bold
enough to anticipate his overthrow, but I expect that
old Pantomime and Vandal will obtain the somewhat
barren honours of a "situation."

51
93 - 95'
83 - 85
85 - 87
100 - 102
9} - 10
16?.; - 17
- 101
72 - 74
19 - 19
9i - 91
141 - 141
134 - 138

• • •

- ... 37
297 ... -

65 ... 20
12 ... -

- •..

••• ••• .••
SO4 13 ... 2G2 ... 33

The'Grand Stand Stakes seems likely to go to John
Osborne's stable. For the Free Handicap I shall select
Breeze and Codrington.

T0ta1.... 347 .. 2,952 .. 358 ... 622 ".

To-morrow I will refer at length to the racing in the
South.

Thera has been a great field day to-day at West-
minster Hall. The case of Sidebottom v. Atkins came
on before before a densely crowded court, whilst an
equally interesting affair occupied the attention of
another court. In the language of the P. R. the de-
fendant in the first mentioned case, soon "threw up
the sponge," and a verdict for 6,0001. was recorded in
favour of the plaintiff. The case of Sidebottom v.
Atkins will point out a moral and adduce a tale which
young men just let loose on town will do well to
ponder.
June 22. A FRESH MAN.

138 - 141
115 - 117

;t.llOO

154 - 156

126 all
126 all
St. 100
6 4?„
St. 100
12,1 all
1231 all
122 102,
St. 100
St. 100
St. 100
St. 100
10 all

a
66 - 68

NEWCASTLE, Sunday Morning.--No horses arrived at
present. The ground is still very hard.
MALTON, Sunday.—The following are expected to
leave here for Newcastle :—llurnourist, Cherry Chap,
Courtenay, Vandal, Imperieuse, Prioress filly, Itonconi,
and Conductor.

131 - 133
95 - 97
87 - 89

LO 8
LO all
;t. 100
;t. 100
;t. 100
;t. 1.00
7 I 3'

11 - 11}

Star of the East and Wood Nymph have gone to
Stockbridge.

1101 1= 103

NEWCASTL
Acceptances for the Now

E-ON-TYNE.
'HUMBERLAND PLATE. Two

93 95
14— la

Age st lb
Polestar 5 8 12
Artillery
Heir of Linne
The Assayer 6 7 6
Pantomime
Vandal
Skirmisher-- 3 6 9
Gaudy
Greenca-tle
Riseber
Cock of the North 5 6 7
Ephorus 4 6 4
King of Scotland 4 6 3
Alma
C by Birdcatcher—
Maid of Masbam 4 6 2

Age at lb
Sprig of Shillelagh 3 6 2
Magnifier ' 3 6 0
La Victime
Commoner 3 6 0
Mongrel 3 6 0
Bobby B.
Baroda
Underhand 3 5 9
Janet 3 5 7
Sunrise
Relapse
El Hakim 3 5 0
F by Burgundy out

L2ll 9
15 10
all
it. ,100

par'
22f —22 i

1113 - 115

St. 'lOO
8 all
St 'lOO
St. 1100
St. 100
25 all
10 , all
..0.6, all

114 - 116
105 - 110

18 - 19

st.
St. ! 1.00
St. 100 •
St' :100
20 all
25

22} - 23}
98 - 100
95 - 100

of Prioress 3 5 0
Six &-Eightpence 3 4 7

27i - 28/2
21 - 3

i all

**l

BRITISH MINES.

. . 2/ 12'Alfred Cons. (Philk. , 16 17 '
20 14 British Iron
. . 20 Condurow (Cambrn.) 130 140
10 1 Dev. Gt. Cnsls. (Tay.) 140 460
... 14s s Great South Tolgus l6 18
... 1113 Grt.W.Alfrd.(Philk ) 6i 71 4
... 7 Grt.W. Vor (Helstn )33 44
... 13s Lady Bertha
... 74 N. Frances (Illogan) 14 16
... . . N.W.Basset (Illogan) 15 16 ,
... 6115 North Wheal Crofty 4 5
... 14 Par. Cons. (St.Blaxy) 21 22
... 9 Porkellis U. (Wend.) 5 6
... 6s. Sort. Cons. Min. Co 1 A li
... 23 S. Caradon (St. Clear) 315 325
... 2S. Cam Brea (Illogn. 5 6
... 19 S.W. Frances(llloc*m.) 290 300
5 44 Tam. S. &L. Min. Co. 14 I.s
10 9 Tin Croft 3t 41
... 40 Un.Mineti (Gwennap) ... ~
... 12s GV. of Towoy (Camay. ) fi 4
... 16 W. Basset (Illogan) 27 28
... 20 W. Caradon (Liskrd.) 125 135
... 54 Wh. Basset (Mogan). 240 250
... 5 Wh. Buller ( Etdruth). 290 - 31.0
... 54 Wh. Edward(Calstck)) 6 61
... 117 s Wh. Kitty (U. Llant) 19 21,
... 8 Wh.Ma. Ann (Menht.)) 4 46
... 41 Wh. Trelawney (Lis.) 23 24
FOREIGN MINES.
20 7 Australian
35 27 Brazilianlmp.(inued
at £5 pm)
30 all Do. Comes & Cuia.da ~. . .
20 15 Do. St. John Del Rey 13 Z,' 15
1 4 Clarendon Con. Min.
Co. of Jamaica i -fd
40 all Cobre Copper 5l 53 52
. . 16 Copiapo
2 all Fortuna
20 all General
3 all Linares
71 7i
5 1i Lusitanian
• 1 all Mariquita
1 all New Granada 4 4
1 all Novean Monde
20 all Pout. Sil.LdM, & Sml,, 5 7
5 1 Port Philip - •.•
30 16„ Santiago de Cuba
1 all south Australian
1 all Do. Scrip
1 all Do. 10 p, c. Prof. ..• . . •••
281 all United Mexican •33 3.1
MISCELLANEOUS.
25 19 Australian Agricult. 183 193
10 all Australn. Royal Mail ... .
10 all Berlin Water Works.. 4 5
50 40 Brit. American Land ... . . 37
103 326 Canada
St. 100 Do.Go.6pc.Jar& Tr'y 114 - 115
St. 100 Do, 6 p.c.Feb.kAng. ... •••
St, 100 D 0.6 p.c. Mar.&Sept. ... . .
St. all Copper Min. of Eng. 30 35
25 all Do. Pref. 73 p. cent 25 27
5 all Crystal Palace 2 -- 24 2
5 all Do. Preference ISI = 5:1 ,
4 all Crystal Pal. of France; ... ...
1 fi Duston Iron Ore' I .. •••
20 18 Eastern Steam.. .
St. 100
all Emleeectiii:TTeelel.grihire.i 9....L. 9..3:.
5 all En.&Aust.Cop.SmCo 11 !...3.
10 I.oa.,Eur. & Ind•Jetn. Tel. ...
25 all Gen. Ir. Se. Col.(lim. . , ..-
15 t 4 Gen. Steam Nayigat. :•..
20 5 Loudon Discount ... 1/ id
4 all Lond. Gen. Omnibus 3i 4
20 10 Magdalena St. Navig. .. . --..
10 all Mediteran. Doc. Tel. - :
10 all Mexican& S.Amerien' 21 it
5 5 Nat. Discount C 0.... It id 4
5 5 Do. Now ••• ...
10 5 Netherlands Land .14 1R
10 all Do. Do.
5 all Do.B p c•Pf.iss.at ld 44 — 44
5 1 Do. Do.
LOP 80 New B. &N. S. Land 18 22
St. 100 N.S.W. Gov.s p.e.D. . . (-a,. .
1— I J
25 all feelllr. Ld. & Milirl l4 2
1110 •
,aaallilll
ONNrrt.ißelinltoAafluEctsutrasraopeSlasite,ani; 9.4 7. 4
1 684 ort a d
1250
all peninsular
DpeoninsuNewiarSl4morerisental 6p7
50 10 Do. New •
50 all Rhy mney Iron
15 all Do. New 6 8
63 60 Royal Mail Steam 57 —59 i
1 all Scot. Anstral.lnvest li it
all Do. New - •••
100 all S. Aus. Gov. 6 p.c.bds. 101 -- 106
25 all South Austral. Land 34 36
1 all Submarine Tel. Scrip I 1.
1 all Do. Reg:stared
20 5 Trus. Ln. Co. Up. Can ... ...
100 281 Van Diemen's Land ll -- 12

THE IMAGINABY COTTON' GB ISIS.

(From the Examiner.)
The clevez but usually not very imaginative men
of Manchester are now, and have . been for Foaae
years 'hick, as it appears to us, in a state of un-
called for alarm about the supply of cotton wool.
They are, at present, as they have been for the
1 Lst half cen'ury, dependent on one country, Angld-
Saxon Aiderica, for six-sevenths of their whole
supply, and suddenly come to the c:inclusion that
it is to feil.them. They have just published a pam-
phlet, entitled the "Cotton Crisis and How to
avert it," and one of them, the lion. member for
Stockporr, lately read before the Society of Arts a
long and elaborate pwier on the same subject.
Moreover, the question is to be brought. formally
before the C.)mmons ou Tuesday next. Our own
opinion, and not for the first time expressed, is
that there is no "Cotton Crisis" at all, and that if
there were, the means proposed for averting it are
mistaken ones. We proceed at once, then, with
our refutation of the mistakes of Manchester.

In every one of the last seven years, during
which the long Manchester paroxysm has existed,
there has been a large increase in our importation
of cotton. In 1850 the import amounted to
663, 576, 8511 b. and in 1856 it rose to 1,023,886,5281 b.
an increase, in this brief period, of above one-half.
In 1850, Anglo-Saxon America furnished, of the
above supply, 493,153,1121 b. and this had risen in
1856 to 780,040,0161 h., an increase of fifty-eight
per cent., whereas the increase of the supply from
all other quarters was but fifty-four per cent. In
1854 the value of the raw cotton which we im-
ported, as given in the public returns, was
20,175, 3951., and in 1856 it had risen to
26,434,695/.
The seven years now- alluded to were those of
the gold discoveries of California and Australia,
which gave so wonderful an impetus to the indus-
try of the civilis.el world. Such, in this period,
has been the increased power of general consump-
tion, that prices 'have greatly risen in every com-
modity in which the supply did not quickly respond
to the demand, such as hemp, flax, dyes, tea,
coffee, spices, tin, and copper. On the other hand,
there has been no rise of price, but in a few cases
even a fall, in commodities in which the supply
readily met the demand, as in iron sugar, and
sheep's woool. In this last category stands cotton
wool, in which there has been a fall of some five
per cent.
We derive our supplies of cotton from six dif-
ferent quarters, extending over above fifty degrees
of latitude of the old and new world. Let this be
compared with our supplies of similar commodi-
ties. Our supplies of sheep's-wool come from
about the same number of quarters, exclusive of
our home supply. Of this article our imports in
1850 were 74,326,778 lb. and these had risen in
1856 to 116,211,395 lb. or an increase of 57 per
cent., notwithstanding a fall of some twenty per
cent. in price. We receive our supply of raw silk
from about the same number of quarters as our
supplies of cotton and sheep's-wool, and owing to
a .disease in the worm in the chief supplying
countries, we were, for the last two years threatened
with a short supply ; but China, the parent coun-
try of silk, steps in to meet our wants, and the im-
ports which in 1850 amounted only to 5,411,9341 b.
had risen in 1856 to 8,236,6871 b. Such examples
as these, we should think, are calculated to allay
the fears of Manchester, but we shall give one more.
Our whole supply of tea is virtually derived from
one country only,—that, too, one of the most
populous in the world, And distant 15,000 miles.
The import has risen from the two pounds and two
ounces presented to King Charles the Second in
1664, not worth intrinsically sixteen sixpences, to
86,159,5171 b. valued in the public returns at
5,246,4591., and this without enhancement of price
but on the contrary a great fall.
As we have already said, sixesevenths of all our
raw cotton, in quantity, is derived from Anglo-
Saxon America, and far more than that in value.
Without that supply (the produce, every pound of
it, of slave labour) the greatest of our manufactures
would inevitably become one of the smallest. It is
this state of things, perilous, however, only in
imagination, that has aroused the fears of the
shrewd men of Manchester. The hypothetical con-
tingencies on which they ground their apprehen-
sions are various, and we shall state and answer
a few of them. " The demand may outgrow
the supply." We have already shown that
the supply from America has not only kept
pace with the demand, but even gone
ahead of it, and we now add that by
more skilful husbandry, and pushing the cultivation
to climates more congenial to the plant, the price
has, within the last 50 years, been reduced from
22d. a poand to 6d. " There may occur a failure
of crop from a storm, a drought, or a mysterious
epidemic like the potato rot." Any of these cala-
mities are possible, but highly improbable. The
cotton plant has been cultivated for 70 long years
in the United States, and none of them have oc-
curred, and are now less likely to occur than in the
earlier time of the cultivation, since, instead of
being confined to a small northern and uncongenial
locality, as it originally was, it now extends in a
southern direction over ten genial degrees of lati-
tude. "The slaves may be emancipated." We
hope, for the honour of America and credit of hu-
manity, that they may ; but when emancipated,
they must labour to live, and in the labour in which
they will be employed they will enjoy a monopoly,
since it is such as no European can engage in. "If
not emancipated, they will emancipate themselves."
Four millions of miserable men of an inferior race
are not very likely to free themselves from the bon-
dage of 21 millions of a superior race, the most'
energetic that the world has ever seen. But then,
it is added, "We may be at war with the American
Union, and in this case the Americans hold a rod
with which they may beat us to death, that rod
being a denial of their cotton." We have been at
peace with America for 40 years, and every
year the prospect of a war becomes less
and less. How comes it not to have occurred
to our usually acute opponents that two can play at
the game of mischief of which they are so appre-
hensive ? If the Americans have a rod for us in
the refusal of a supply of cotton, do we not possess
1 a scourge no less formidable for them by refusing
them a market for it '1 In 1855, the sum which we
paid to the Americans for cotton was 16,863,2281.
Last year it would exceed 20,000,0001. ; and some-
thing like thi., to say nothing of the worth of corn,
tobacco, and other trifles, is about the amount of
the penalty-bonds in which England and America
are bound to keep the peace towards each other, to
say nothing of broken crowns, war taxes, debt, and
bankruptcies.
But now we come to the Manchester means for
averting the imaginary crisis. It consists in sub-
s'ituting cotton, the produce of British India, for
that of Anglo-Saxon America. India does supply
England with a considerable quantity of the worst
cotton which it receives from any quarter, and the
quanity has been largely increased for some years,
without any improvement whatever in the quality.
In 1842 the quantity was only 92,972,6091b5., and
this had increased in 1856 to 180,496,6241b5., an
increase of ninety-four per cent. in fourteen years'
time, a proportion which exceeds that of America
itself within the same time. Not so the quality ;
the Indian cotton always stands at the bottom of a
long list of quotations, and the valuation of the
Board of Trade makes it forty per cent. less valu-
able than the average of all other cottons. It forms,
in fact, between one-fourth and one-fifth in quan- .
tity, and between one-seventh and one-eighth in
value of the American cotton. Four-and-forty years
of free trade that have improved several other pro-
ducts of India and called new ones into existence,
haveenacle no improvement in Indian cotton, but
all this is to he suddenly changed, because some
men of the " City of Industry," frightened out of
their wits, will have it so !
Every part of India is within the region in which
the cotton plant flourishes, and every part of India
produces it, but the districts which yield a surplus
are only the scantily peopled, and these are to be
found here and there between the Tropic and Cape
Comorin. The whole valley of the Ganges, with
its dense population, produces an immense qua_n
n-
tity of cotton, but no surplus for exportation. On
the contrary, it has been an importer frome
under-peopled countries of the south for a centuryth
back. Its population having greatly increased
within the last fifty years, the result has been that
it has oven ceased to export rice, its staple pro-
duct ; for although we see this artiele yearly im-
ported into England from India,in 1855, to the
value of 1,576,0001., it is not the produce of popu-
lous Bengal, but of fertile Aracan and Pegu, coun-
tries with from fifteen to twenty-five inhabitants to
the square mile, instead of from 300 to 500 as in
the valley of the Gauges. Even the more populous
of the provinces of the south yield no cotton surplus.
Thus Tanjore, with 450 inhabitants to the square
mile, does not produce a pile for exportation, but, on
the contrary, is itself an importer from its less densely
peopled neighbours. The cotton provinces which
yield a. surplus contain usually from 80 to 150 inlaahi-
ta-nte to the square mile, and when these come to
be, densely peopled they will cease to yield one, for
they will, like Bengal, themselves consume all they
produce. No populous country of Asia exports
co tton. The island of Java, where it is an univer-
sal. object of cultivation, does not export a pound,
b ecause it has 10,000,000 of native consumers, or
Bowe 250 to every square mile. Populous China
is an importer from every country that will supply
i 4; and underpeopled southern India is one of them.
The native cotton of India (all foreign varieties
Lave substantially failed) is short in the fibre, but
still more objectionable from always containing a
large per ceutage of sheer dirt-
it is, in fact, a
rude commodity, and such .was the case with every