The Sun.
London, England, 1857-04-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 17, 18 M 7.

(Loud applause) Eminent as be has been as a mer-
chant, with transactions which have partaken rather of
a national than of a local character, he stands out in boll
relief among those eminent merchants—among the
galaxy of commercial men of whom Liverpool may in-
deed be proud ; and, thank God, we have had numbers
of men of that character, of that talent, and of that
benevolence, who, by their enterprise, have sent their
ships to penetrate into every sea—their sails have
whitened every shore ; they have been the means of con-
necting us with distant lands—they have been the means
of giving employment to our manufacturers, by their
enterprise in exporting the manufactures of Englishmen '
to other countries, and importing those raw materials
which cause the chimneys of Manchester to smoke, and
give empl,•yinent to the porters on our quays. It is such
men who have raised this port from being merely a fill-
ing village to the gr6atest commercial emporium in the
world. (Applause.) Unassuming as my friend here is in
private tile, he has yet been selected to represent the
great commercial and manufacturing district of Lanca-
shire in the Imperial Parliament, and faithfully and hen:
ourably has he performed the duty imposed upon him.
(Applause.) Of his princely munificence you have today
had a striking example, and therefore you ace judges
quite as well as I am. But just as that princely
merchant, Guy, has connected his name with Lon-
don by the hospital he founded, and just as George
fLriot has connected his name with the mag-
nificent educational institution of modern Athens—
ae will the name of Mr. Brown—(ipplauee)—be for
ever connected with Liverpool; and future generations
will point, to the magnificent establishment, of which this
day the first stone was laid with chewing, and will re-
member the name of the beneficent founder, and bless
him f.ir his benevolence. (Applause.) Gentlemen, it
needs no words—it needs no graceful terms, to tell you
the estimation in which he is held by his fellow-towns-
men. The assemblage which I see before me, which has
been brought together for the purpose of doing him
honour, is far snore eloquent than the most burning
words er the most thrilling thoughts. And, gentlemen,
we are able to present to that institution a portrait of my
excellent friend by Sir John Watson Gordon ; and there
is a well-known sculptor (M`Do well), present at this
moment, who will be much more familiar with the linea-
ments of nay friend's face than even I myself am before
long. (Applause.) The portrait is to hang in the
building of which he is the donor. His statue is to stand
among the distinguished men whom I see in some of
the niches of this magnificent halla-(load applause and
cheers)—a tribute of respect from the- corporation and
from the town. But although we shall possess that
portrait as a memorial of him, and though his statue will
stand in one of those niches to convey to future genera-
tions the lineaments of him whom we have assembled to
honour, I trust it will be long before we part with the
original,.and that it may please God in His bounty long
to spare him, that he may still employ his great wealth
in blessing others, with a full knowledge that those
blessings veil fall upon his own head a. hundredfold.
Gentlemen, I know that my excellent friend loves not the
language of eulogy, but still the proceedings of this day
cempel me to use it. I, however, will say no more than
this, that I call upon you with one heart and one voice
to do justice to our eminent townsman. I simply,
therefore, propose to you the health of William Brown,
and I call upon you to do justice to it standing, and to
drink it in three times three. (Immense cheering.)
Air:—" The Fine Old English Gentleman."
Mr. BROWN then arose, amid great cheering, and
said—Mr. Mayor, ladies, my lords, and gentlemen,—lt
is impossible for me to be otherwise than embarrassed
and nervous to find myself thus unexpectedly honoured
in being asked to this magnificent banquet by my fellow-
townsmen, to mark and commemorate the occasion
which has brought us together, and still more so from
the very flattering manner in which you, Mr. Mayor,
have been pleased to mention my-name. I am not vain
enough to suppose that I deserve a tithe of what you
have said. • Laying the foundation stone of a Free Lib-
rary naturally turns our attention to its educational ad-
vantages ; and I trust all those who are desirous of im-
proving their minds, and who in our prosperous town I
hope are not few, and attend there, as knowledge is of
the first and last importance to make useful and respec-
table members of society. Nothing contributes more to
a man's happiness than to endeavour to mr.ke himself
master of his respective calling, and to cultivate a taste
for scientific and literary pursuits. When we look
round us, and see the advantages that arise from them,
it is the duty of us all in our respective walks of life to
aid them as far as lies in our power. No age of the
world has been more productive than the last 100 years
of that talent and-that genius which have conferred the
most important benefits on mankind. Taking into view
our commercial advantages arising from our mineral
wealth, a -climate most favourable to continuous labour,
and our perfect freedom of action under a constitutional
Government, I see no end to our onward progress if we
avail ourselves of the advantages we possess. The more
we advance the greater field we find fir further advance-
ment. The more we know the better we see our way to
obtain further knowledge. I have no pretensions to be
a man of science or a man of letters, but I hold in the
highest estimation men who employ those talents with
which they are blessed for the benefit of their fellowmen.
Our quays and our docks would cut a poor figure without
the aid of the botanist, the chemist, the mechanic, the en-
gineer, and many others who pursue useful and philosophi-
cal pursuits, which are every day making progress towards
greater perfection ; and we must all feel greatly indebted
to those noblemen and gentlemen who are endeavouring to
reconcile those unfortunate and unhappy differences of
opinion among religious sects that have hitherto pre-
vented a harmonious union for the general education of
the people. Let us hope that those difficulties will soon
be surmounted. When we consider the intelligent
arrangements of our Transatlantic friends who have ac-
complished that end, and the care taken by them for the
education of every class, it can create no surprise, on
reading the reports of the Royal Commissioners who
were sent out to their Industrial Exhibition, to find the
progress they have made in the useful arts of life. We
must exert ourselves in this honourable competition to
preserve our caste among the nations of the earth, by
having an equally well-educated people. Science has
already done much for us. It has made that giant
power, steam, subservient to the u,e of man—l may say
to bridge the ocean, and to set at defiance both the
winds and waves, and has furnished this little island
with a manufacturing power which could not be ac-
complished by the unaided manual labour of two
Chinese empires, or 600,000,000 people. But what are
we to say of a more recent application of a power which
can carry a message for us at the rate of 188,000 miles
in a minute ? It is not impossible that means may be
found to make it a still more powerful agent than steam.
I hope and expect, before the year is out, we shall be
able to send a message from the Old World to the New
as quick as thought. It is clear we live in an age of
progress. The Times announced the other day that it
is probable we shall not be dependent on raising silk-
worms for the production of that valuable raw material,
as it has been discovered that it is in the leaves of the
mulberry tree, and can by a chemical process be ob-
tained from them to any extent. If this discovery can
be carried out with economy, it may make a com-
plete revolution in the use of cotton by the substitu-
tion of silk ; and we may see our females clothed in
robes that added to the dignity of a Roman Empe-
ror. Discoveries of this kind fill us with wonder
and amazement. They are due to advancing
science, and I think clearly point out that there is
yet an immense field of enterprise open to the world.
The long peace we had from 1815 to the commencement
of the late Russian war was no doubt extremely favour-
able to human progress.. Let us hope that our difficulties
with China may be of short duration, and and in an hon-
ourable adjustment of our differences, and that peaceful
commerce will continue to ex';encl, and carry Christianity
and civilisation to every part of the habitable globe. We
cannot but feel ourselves in an enviable position that it
has been our good fortune and, our destiny to plant the
Saxon race, with our language, our laws, our literature,
and our religion, in some of the most rising countries in
the world, who feel an honest pride in acknowledging
our paternity, where family differences never should
arise to disturb that good understanding and harmony
which now happily everywhere exist, and which it is the
duty of all to cultivate and perpetuate. It is impossible
for me to sit down without again assuring you, collec-
tively and individually, that I duly appreciate the honour
you are conferring on ma, So long as I live I shall ever
look back on this day ah one o: the most happy and
most pleasing of my life ; and I again beg to sincerely
thank you.

"The Health of the Members for South Lancashire
(Mr. Brown and Mr. J. Cheetham)" was drunk with
three times three.

Mr. CHEETHAM, in responding, spoke in eulogistic
terms et Mr. Brown as a representative of the people,
and as a man who had extended his beneficence in the
manner they had witnessed that day. He who struck off
the fetters of the slave or enlarged liberty was a bene-
factor, but he was one of the greatest benefactors they
could have who sought to elevate intellectually, morally,
and religiously his fellow-men. He congratulated Mr.
Brown, too, in being his own executor in this business,
and in thus showing a determinatiou to perpetuate the
institution, delivering it from all future chances of mis-
appropriation, by connecting it with the Corporation of
Liverpool. Beiog in their bands it could not, ,without
gross negligence in the citizens themselves, be diverted
from its original object. (Cheers.)

•
"The Members for the Borough" was given from the
Chair, and received with applause.
Mr. HORSFALL and Mr. EWART having responded,
Mr. HORSFALL gave " The House of Stanley."—l am
sure, he said, that the toast will be received by every
one with that cordiality and with that admiration of the
conduct of the Earl of Derby and of Lord Stanley' to
which they are so justly entitled. (Cheers.) This would
not be a fitting occasion on which to bring forward the
records of history, where the House of Stanley has stood
in an honourable and pre-eminent position for centuries
past. It would still be a less fitting occasion to allude
to the political career of the Earl of Derby or of Lord
Stanley ; but I am quite sure ti,at it is a fitting occasion
for Liverpool gracefully to say to the son that they enter-
tain the highest respect and regard for his illustrious
father —(loud cheers)—one who takes so deep rAn interest
in the welfare of Liverpcol, and which has been shown
on no occasion more than a recent one when he pre-
sented to the inhabitants of this town a moat magnificent
collection of natural history, now known as the Derby
Museum. (Cheers.) Sir, I w ill only venture to ex-
press one hope—one in which I am sure every individual
in this building will join, and that is that the illustrious
head and the illustrious heir of the house of Stanley may
long be spared, not as mere hereditary ornaments, but
that they may long be spared to add, as I am sure they
will add, wisdom to our Legislature, and exert their best
energies for the prosperity of our country. (Cheers.) I
beg to propose to you "The House of Stanley."
The toast was drunk with enthusiasm.
Lord STANLEY, in replying, said—My lords and gen-
tlemen, I am afraid that Mr. Horsfall might have found
the same fault with me that the deputy-mayor has just
found with one of your borough members. (Laughter.)
But whether I have or have not paid my town dues—

(laughter)--in that sense, I hope I know how to pay a
debt of gratitude which I owe, and which I feel to such
an audience as this upon such an occasion. (Hear.)
Gent!emer, I could at no time hope to make myself
heard by all, or even by a majority of those whom I now
address, for at the present time I have rather parted
company with nay voice—l have lost it in a good cause
—I have lost it in cheering your townsman and my
neighbour, Mr. Brown. Gentlemen, it is with more
than common pleasure that I rise upon such an occasion
to respond to such a toast. Bdic,'cen the family which
I stand here to represent and the town whose guest I
have the honour to be, there has existed for several cen-
turies an intimate and unbroken connexion. (Hear.)
If we are to go back to those old times—l believe it is
now something more than 500 years ago—nearly one-
t welfth of the whole recorded annals of the human race—
since an ancestor of mine obtained a licence from the
Crown to embattle and fortify a house, the site of which
lies some where, I know not exactly where, buried ainong
the crowded streets and buildings of this vast commer-
cial capital. There may be some vanity in such remi-
niacences of past limes ; but, standing he-e, I may iee
permitted to say that none ca❑ more rejoice, none can
more exult in the present greatness and the glory of the
Own of Liverpool than those to whole forefathers were
committed the charge cf watching over its earlier and
still undeveloped infancy. Gentlemen, we are told that
society in the present day has changed, and in some re-
spects it is so. (Hear, hear.) Our improved means of
communication everywhere, the rapidity with which
transit is effected from one part of the country to an-
other, have done much to dispel local prejudices and to
destroy provincial peculearitiee. But, though they may
have destroyed prejudice, and though they may have de-
stroyed provincial peculiarities, though they may have
fused as it were the various elements of these pecu-
liarities, into one similar whole, I do not believe
that those characteristics of the present time have
destroyed it—l do not believe that they have mate-
rially weakened those ties of local attachment and
local sympathy which are founded upon common
interests wi:;11 the present—upon common remi-
niscences of the past—when a mutual repository of
friendship and good offices plays so important and valu-
able a part in our social system. (Cheers.) At least I
know this, that in that political arena—the House of
Commons—where my lot is chiefly cast, we who come
from Lancashire, notwithstanding many diversities of
public opinion and conduct—whatever may be the poli-
tical ranks in which we serve—are apt to look upon one
another with feelings of mutal friendship and goodwill.
(Hear, and cheers.) We are proud, and justly proud,
of the intelligence and activity of that section of the
population among which we are called ; we are.proud,
and we may well be proud, of the vast influence which
this county exercises over the counsels of the State—
(cheers)—we are proud, and it is a reasonable pride, of
the more than common proportion of eusineet men
whom Lancashire in the present century has contributed
to the national service. (Hear, hdr.) :And, gentlemen,
I'think the ceremony which we have witnessed tc-day
shows us that we have something else of which we may
be proud. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, with what we see
and know before us, it would be not merely an injustice,
it would be not merely a calumny, it would be an ab-
surdity, and a contradiction to palpable fact, were any
one to assert that the great maritime and mercantile in-
terests of England are less patriotic or less interested in
national affairs than any other class in this or any other
country. (Cheers.) They have borne ungrudgingly
their share, and something more than their share, of the
public burdens. (Cheers.) They have never hesitated,
when, on such questions as peace and war, which some-
times arise—they have never hesitated, when occasion
called for it, to sacrifice their private interests to the
general advantage of the country ; and they have not only
not shrunk from taking upon themselves the burdens and
the responsibilities of property, but they have gone out of
their way to bear burdens which no of her person could
have laid upon them, and to undertake responsibilities
which they might fairly and honestly decline to assume.
(Cheers.) There are, gentlemen, I hope and believe,
many proprietors of wealth—perhaps I should say most
of the proprietors of wealth—who regard that wealth as
a trust, and who are willing, more or less, to use it for
the public service; but it is a pecular advantage of
those whose property is of their own creating that they
are enabled, being comparatively free from the claims
which custom and society impose in the case of heredi-
tary fortune—being more, in fact, the masters of what
they possess, they are enabled, if such be their pleasure,
to contribute far more largely and more directly to the
requirements of society and of the public. (Cheers.)
That, gentlemen, is a great advantage, and notly that
advantage has been used. (Cheers.) I will not weary
you by repeating what, in one form or another, has been
said a hundred times to-day ; I will only repeat in public
what I said just now to Mr. Brown on private, that I
envy him his feelings on this occasion. And I will only
add, that though, as we all know, he is well acquainted
with the best modes of investing to capital advantage, I
believe he will find that this last investment is the best
he ever made. (Cheers.) The town of Liverpool may
thank him for contributing what will be hereafter and in
future always one of the principal ornaments of its
streets ; the friends of education may thank him for
having given an impulse to the cause which puts to
shame the compar, tive apathy both of individuals and
of public bodies elsewhere—(cheers)---but public men
may thank him, and England may thank him—and it
is to this that. I attach the greatest importance—for
giving to those who are not possessors of wealth—to the
poor and to the labouring classes of this country—a sig-
nal proof that wealth is viewed by those who possess it,
not as a means of pleasure, not as au enjoyment of
luxury, but as one means among many of obtaining the'
respect and the gratitude of our fellow-citizens—(hear,
bear, and cheers)—as one means among many of
alleviating those bard thoughts and that envy which,
in a country of occasional distress and unequal
fortunes, will inevitably arise—as one means among
many of doing good and permanent service to Eng-
land, and of promoting the progressive improvement
of mankind. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, if a gift like
that which we are this day celebrating had been obvi-

ously dictated by any motives of ambition, you wou'ld
accept it with thanks, but you would feel that the giver
had had his reward. (hear, hear ) If, also, it were a
posthumous benefaction, you would think the donor en-

titled to your thanks, but you would feel that the gift
had been made at no sacrifice of present enjoyment.
(Hear.) But, as it is, you are well aware that Mr. Brawn
can have no personal object or interest to serve, except,
indeed, the wish that I apprehend is felt in all generous
minds—the wish of honourably connecting his name with
the history of the community among whom his life has
been passed. (Cheers.) He will see, we trust, the comple-
tion of his own liberality. (Hear.) He will live to wit-
ness the enjoyment which many thousands derive from
the gift which we are celebrating this day. (Cheers.)
Gentlemen, some allusion has been made toan institution
with which a member of my family has some connection,
and which is called, I believe, the Derby Museum. lam
afraid that is, in point of magnitude, very unworthy to
be compared with the gift of Mr. Brown ; but I cannot
help expressing the gratification that I feel on hrarinj
that the two are to be coupled and connected together in
the annals of this year. (Rear.) Gentlemen, before I sit
down let me express to you i❑ my father's name his re•

gret that it was impossible for him to be with you el-dsy,
(Hear.) The cause in which we have all been speaking
is one to which no eloquence can do more than justice ;
and I can only express my sincere regret that you should
not have been enalled to have his advocacy instead of
mine. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. J. C. EWART, M.P., gave "The health of the
Right Hon. Sir John Pakington." tLoud cheers.) ,
Sir J. PAKINGTON, on rising, was received with cheers.
He said—Mr. Mayor, my lords, and gentlemen, I am
deeply grateful for the kind and cordial reception which
you have done me the honour of extending to one who
personally is a stranger among you. I should be guilty of
affectation if I were to deny that I am both grateful for
and gratified by the manner in which my hon. friend,
the member for Liverpool, has so kindly, and, I fear, so
partially, referred to my exertions on that gnat question,
the education of the people. But, gentlemen, deeply
thankful as I feel fi r this kindness on your part, I feel
yet more grateful for the compliment whien has been
paid me in inviting me to attend here upon this occasion,
and to be a witness of what I cannot but feel—with my
mind altogether free from local bias or local partiality-
one of the most striking, one of the most gratifying
scenes which in my life it has ever been my lot to wit-
ness. (Loud cheers.) Gentlemen, it is true that I am one
of those who think that the struggle between light and
darkness, between ignorance and knowledge, is not yet
satisfactorily settled in this country. (Great cheering.)
It is true that I am one of those who do very deeply
feel that the condition of ignorance in which so large a
portion of the population of this country, both in our
crowded towns and in our rural districts, yet remains
is not only, as my hon. friend has said, a national die.
grace, but it is a national danger. (Cheers.) Acting upon
this conviction, it is true I have endeavoured to arouse
the feeling of Parliament and the feeling of the country
into the belief that the time had come when prejudices
should be banished, and when difficulties should be
trampled undo. foot ; and that thus, by the exertion of
that strong, energetic will which Anglo-Saxons know
well how to employ when fitting occasions call them
forth, some scheme should be adopted to bring a sound
education to every man's door. (Cheere.) But, gentlemen,
I feel no less .deeply that any exertions, any humble ex-
ertions, of mine in this direction, or of those who act
with me in this great cause, are really as nothing corn-
pared to that magnificent benevolence and generosity,
that practical mode of giving, while we are only strug-
gling to achieve what the generosity of my hon. friend
has given. (Cheers.) I am glad to find that you thus wel-
come a sentiment which I assure you I feel with true and
heartfelt sincerity ; and if anything could have added to
the satisfaction and pleasure with which I, as an Eng-
lishman loving my country, hail an act which does hon-
our to my country, it is to see, as I have seen this morn-
ing, the manner in which the people of Liverpool appre-
ciate that act. I believe that many of those around me
must have felt as I myself did fed this morning while
'they walked in procession through your crowded streets,
that of those thousands who swarmed around us on every
side many a man would live to bless this day—would
live to feel that Mr. Brown's generosity had given to him
the means of intellectual cultivation, and thus have
saved him from the miseries of intoxication, if not from
the penalties of crime. (Cheers.) I believe, gentlemen,
that were any of your wealthy citizens disposed to act as
Mr. Brown has acted—l believe that human sagacity
could not have devised a wiser or more benevolent exer-
cise of his liberality than by founding, as he has done, a
free library for this city. (Cheers.) We are indebted to
an hon. friend and schoolfellow of
.mine, whom I am
happy to see at this table—l mean Mr. Ewart, the mem-
ber for Dumfries—we are indebted to my hon. friend for
an act of Parliament which enable populous localities to
adopt the advantage of a free library ; and I think that
e' he who has studied the subject will agr e with me
' that wherever the free library bag been established it has
proved a signal blessing to the people, and nowhere
under more striking circumstances have its advantages

been found than in the neighbouring great city of Man-
chester. There you have a free library within the same
walls, and occupying the sari • rooms, which were
foended and built for a Soeia'ist ball. That which was
debasing, that which contained within itself the lements
of everything mischievous and destructive, has been, by
the liberality of the citizens of Manchester, converted
into a fountain from which the blessings of knowledge
and enlightenment are flowing largely atnong the people.
Here, in Liverpool, you will enjoy those blessings under
circumstances no less remarkable, no less startling.
Here you will et joy them from the princely liberality of
one of your most ro-pecteel citizens. (Cheers.) We hear
much, geetlemen, on the subject of education—much of
the vcluntary principle.' Never has England yet had
each a noble instance of the voluntary principle—(loud
cheers)—as Mr. Brown has this day afforded us. But I
fear that Yall who have the means have not equally the
will, and in many places we find neither the means nor
the will. Other means must be resorted to if you wish
to educate the people; and here again I find that in the
town of Liverpool you have a sphndid illustration of
teat agency by which the voluntary principle may be
assisted. I find that you have schools in which are
educated many thousands of children, and which are
supported bye rate levied upon the people, and paid out
of your town-dues. Here you have, in my humble opi-
nion, in your own town a solution of the difficulties of
thisepiestion. (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) You have
a noble instance of the voluntary principle ; you have
the deficiency of that principle made up by the taxation
of the people, which they willingly submit to. (Hear,
hear.) This is not an occasion en which it would bo
' b c ming in me to dwell further upon the details and
difficulties of this great and interesting question. I
have adverted simply to the fact that I think in this
locality we do find au example which other Englishmen
may well follow. (Che,rs.) I will not detain you longer
than once more to cffer to my hon. friend my heartfelt
congratulation upon the scene which I now see before
ine. I never witnee=ed so striking an example of the
great principle of "honour to whom honour is due."
(Cheers.) But certain do I feel that, although my friend,
Mr. Brown, must appreciate the manner in which you
have this day recognised his noble act, through those
prosperous and happy years which are still in store for
him, be will find his best reward in the reflection of his
own mind. (Cheery.) I feel that this noble hall, the
pride of Liverpool and one of the ornaments of England,
never has been used in a nobler cause ; and I believe
that every one who now fills this hall, every breast here,
must be animated by the earnest hope, the anxious
prayer to which I hope you will allow me now to give
utterance, that the events of to-day, that the ceremony
of to-clay, may be blessed with the largest measure of
enecess which the generous founder himself could
desire ; and that the institution which this day has
been inaugurated may through many coming gene-
rations diffuse among the population of this town
those blessings of useful knowledge, of intellectual
enjoyment, and religious instruction—blessings which
will be among the greatest and most enduring that can
be enjoyed by the inhabitants of a great and prosperous
town. (Loud and continued cheering.)
The Rev. Rector CAMPBELL proposed "The health of
Mr. Win. Ewart, the member for Dumfries." (Cheers )
Mr. W. EVTART, M.P., in rising to respond, was vehe-
mently applauded. He said--My lords and gentlemen,
at this period of the entertainment I shall not feel my-
self justified in detaining you long ; but I cannot but
feel my long and early connexion with this great, in-
creasing, and magnificent town. I boast of my con-
nexion with it—with its ancient industry, with the opu-
lence of its commerce, with its past, its present, and I
hope, to a certain extent, with itt future. Yet, I should
ill express my feelings if I did not say that I thought
that the end of our commerce was something more than
mere commerce itself. In vain, gentlemen, do you ex-
tend your docks to the ocean—in vain have you a forest
of innumerable masts,• unless you have some ulterior
object, and that ulterior object is the elevation of your
fellow-townsmen and countrymen. (Applause.) This
great town I hope is destined at some time or other to
achieve something of the intellectual fame of Athens,
while it will infinitely surpass the commercial fame of
Carthage and of Tyre. Gentlem,n, my right hon. friend
Sir J. Pakington, and my rev. friend who had done nee
the great honour of proposing my health, have alluded
to some exertions of my own in this very cause of pro-
moting free libraries for the benefit of the people of this
country. I confess, as my right hon. friend has pro-
bably experienced it in the cause of education, it is some-
what of an arduous labour to force such a question
through the Legislature of this country. And it may
be compared to that sort of labour which is described by
one of our most eminent poets when he says—

"As Sisyphus against the infernal steep
Heaves the huge rock, whose motions ns'er may sleep."

Such is the destiny of many a man who toils in the
cause of education. And yet, gentlemen, I recollect that,
in the committee over which I had the honour to
preside, there was one object over all others which they
laid down as desirable for the people of this country, and
that was that they should have the power of educating
themselves. Gentlemen, lam al.nost afraid sometimes,
in these days of public examinations, we may lay too
much stress upon mere educational examination. lam
for that sort of free scope being given to the line which
may enable the people to form themselves by free and
independent development, and not to inipPse upon them
to too great a degree the shackles of a sort of Govern-
ment system of examination. (" Hear, hear," and ap-
plause.) It has been truly said by Edward Gibbon, in
the account of his own life—" Society stimulates the in-
tellect, but solitude is the nurse of genius." And it is
my belief that more will be done by this free and public
institution than by beaurocratio rules, borrowed from
foreign countries—although we may burrow something
from them with great benefit and good effect. Another
principle laid down by the Committee on Public Libra-
rie, of which I was chairman, was this, that the esta-
blishment of such institutions would encourage the dona-
tions of private individuals ; and here we see that prin-
ciple exemplified in the illustrious example of our illus.
trious townsman. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, I can
conceive, as has been truly said by the noble lord who
has honoured us by his presence, and delighted us, as he
always does, by his observations this day, that no situa-
tion is more enviable to a citizen of this country than
that of Mr Brown at this moment. But, gentlemen,

Mr. Brown stands not only before the present genera-
tion—he stands also before posterity ; and he may enjoy
the purest of all pleasures, the sense of feeling his good
acts will be felt when he can no longer feel them. It is,
perhaps, a sort of divine pleasure to feel that when we
are gone, and are no longer sensible to what passes in
this ;eosin below, there are others on whom our deeds
will confer benefits ; and that sort of superior and
almost divine pleasure may be shared by those who
do such deeds as this day have been done by
our honoured fellow-townsman, Mr. Brown. (Ap-
plause.) Gentlemen, I will detain you for one moment
lenges-. There are others who have done good service
in tics great local act. There are those in your Town-
council who have formed your Free Library Committee.
They have toiled in silence, but they have toiled with
good effect ; and at the head of it, the chairman of the
committee, is a gentleman with whom I have had the
honour to consult on this important subject—l mean
Mr. Picton—(,pplause)—and I propose to you, gentle-
men the health of the promoter, the advocate, and the
friend, of your local free library—" The Health of Mr.
Picton." (Applause )
The toast was responded to with enthusiasm.
Mr. PicTox then rose and said, Mr. Chairman, I
feel it difficult, if not impossible, to express myself ade-
quately on the present eceasion. To have had my name
Was publicly brought forward and recognised in con-
nection with the proceedings of this day—a day ever to
be honourably remembered in the annals of Liverpool—
will be to the latest period of my life a subject of pleas-
ing recollection. It is about seven years since the sub.
jest of a free public library was first brought under the
notice of the Town-council of Liverpool. The want of
such an institution had long been hit ; there needed but
a voice to give utterance to the feeling. I only did what
any one else might have done equally well or better.
The result has been such as far to surpass the most
sanguine expectations of all concerned. From this day
begins a new phase in the history of the institution. A
fit local habitation is all that is wanted to elevate it to
its proper rank ; and Oise thanks to the munificence of
our noble townsman, we shall soon pessese. Permit me
to say, in retiring, that no one can despair of the future
of England when we see the interest taken by the lead-
ing public men of all parties in institutions like these.
To see on one platform my Lord Stanley, with his
Expansive and generous sympathies with every move-
ment for the intellectual improvement of the masses ;
Sir John Pakington, who has nobly burst asunder
the ties of party in his efforts for the education
of the people ; William Brown, our old friend
and townsman, who, after a struggle of twenty
years', has succeeded in realising a permanent and
stable foundation for the establishment of libraries and
museums. When I see these and men of kindred stamp
coming together to aid us in doing honour to one of our
townsmen, who it may be truly said is one of those who
"Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame,"
I feel that there is hope for our country. If England,
csmparatively uneducated, could achieve such rs
in arts and sciences, what will she not accomplish when
light and knowledge and wisdom are brought within the
reach of all ? '
Mr. MONCKTON MILNES,
Mr: Deputy Mayor and GentlemeP,
it doesthen rose
not become
and said--
who has been invited to tbis banquetto refuse any-
thing, otherwise, after the interest
dis-
courses you have heard, I should have thought and various
thought it hardly
became me to increase the number of your speeches. But
t to any one who:has. been interested in any way with the
literature of his country—
to any one who has contributed
to that literature, in however slight a degree—to any
one who has mixed in the political affairs of life, ant
whose mixing in those political affairs has directed his
attention towards the intellectual education of the com-
munity—to any one thus interested this meeting ,must
be one of especial importance. It does not become Inc
in such an audience as this, and to such a Man as you,
sir—it does not become me to speak of the advantages of
education. It does not become me to speak to you of
1 hooks—you, who know their value just as well as I do.
I would rather image to myself, Mr. Mayor, what would
I have been the feelings of a stranger coming into this city
this morning, and witnessing this singular spectacle. I
think it possible be might have said, when he saw the
busy mart of Liver Pool suspended—your shops shut,
your active population
have said idling in the streets—ho might
, " What is this for?" And when L.' Oa
told
b
it was to celebrate the foundation of the library, he
gt,
1 have, said, -" What does Liverpool want with boc)i.::
1 What does Liverpool, whose population has been quad-
rupled iu the time of Mr. Brown, want with the re-
searches of hoary antiquity ? What does Liverpool, which
is making the history of England, want with reading
history ? What has Liverpool to do with geography, when
she can learn by sending her ships, her noble fleets, forth
to every sea on the globe—when she hears the various
languages in her streets and on the ships that crowd the
Mersey I" But there have been among you persons who

have another feeling, and who have felt that Liverpoo
could do good with books. And the stranger might have
told you he had been in various cities and on historic
sites—he had seen magnificent libraries !Ong together,
covered with dust, unread and unrewarded ; and he might
have told you the costly libraries of Venice did not pr.,-
vent the deeay of that great city, or many other of the
populous haunts of men. But he might have been
answered, as Mr. Brown would have answered him, that
these cities fell because they did not know how to corn.
bine the material and moral elements of mankind—be-
cause they did not know how to bring together tho
activity of daily life and the intellectual interests which
hooka can furni-h and intellectual means can supply.
(Applause.) And, gentlemen, the library which you ara
about to establish will not be one of those which lie hid
in musty and unnoticed book-cases, but a library which:
has a monetary circulation—which will be current among
the people. Your books a ill be bills of hand, passing
from hand to hand, bearing interest wherever they go—
the best of interest. (Applanse.) And if that stranger;
whom I was trying to bring before you, came from one
of those countries of the globe which does not enjoy, as
we do, the advantages of free institutions, he might have
been astonished at the aspect of the celebration ; be
would have seen your flags flying, your populace shout-
ing—ail in honour of one of your private citizens. The
would have seen the most spontaneous effort of respect
and veneration which a free nation could show to a free
man. And when you heard the salute firing from your fort
in honour of the Princess born yesterday, you were glad
to combine those sounds with the shouts for the princeot
the people which you base heard to-day. (Applausa )
And, gentlemen, we must remember that this celebration
has a meaning. There is a large population far away over
the Atlantic—our brothers in another hemisphere. (Ap.
planes.) I would call Mr. Brown a citizen of bothi
worlds—(hear)—and in many a crowded city of our
brethren on the other side of the Atlantic will the celea
bration of this day be read. It is he and such'as he who
have brought together the two great countries of Eng-.
laud and America. It is he and such as he, before the
electric wire had been laid underneath the surface of the,
great Atlantic, lying on a rock which Providence seems
to have raised for the special purpose of uniting the two
great empires—it is he and such as he who have brought
together these two nations by the electricity of common
interest and common sympathy and feeling. It is my
object to bring before you and to drink the health of .a
citizen of the great republic of the United States. That.
connexion which Mr. Brown has established between
the material interests of England and America Natha-
niel Hawthorne has done much to cement. (A,pplauee.)
His " Scarlet Letter" has struck to the heart of every
man with whom it came into contact. He has built bin
house of " Seven Gables" in every town in England, •
and as for his " Twice-told Tales," we well wish they
had been told ten times. (Laughter and applause.)
Gentlemen, therefore, in giving you the health of that
distinguished citizen of the United States, and that dis-
tinguished citizen of the literature of the world, I be.
lieve you will join with me, and that you will feel you
are in no degree deviating for the special purpose for
which we have met together. (Applause.) And those
two great nations, speaking the same great speech, car-
rying out in the main the same great institutions, are
the hope and the blessing of mankind—the hope of the
future world, and, under Providence, a blessing to the
nations. I give you "The United States of America."
The toast was enthusiastically responded to.

Mr. N. HAWTHORNE, United States' Consul, said—Mr.
Mayor, my lords, and gentlemen, I appear in this hall
•before you, not in any individual capacity of my own,
but as the representative of my country, and especially
of the literature of America ; and I heartily wish the li-
terary men of America had a better representative—one
who has done more for the cause of literature than I
have done, and oue who could have acknowledged
batter than I possibly Pan the honour that has been
conferred upon them. (Cheers.) The bon. gentleman
who has alluded to me has made allusions also to some
productions of my own. That praise, gentlemen, is the
more valuable, coming as it does from one who is so
eminently qualified to express an opinion when a thing
is well done. His praise is very gratifying, for there is
nothing in literary reputation so dear to an American as
a knowledge that he is considered worthy of commenda-
tion in the land of his ancestors. (Loud cheers.) But,
gentlemen, I must not forget that I am not speaking '
here in my own behalf, but on behalf of the literature of
my country, and on behalf of the literary men of America
—the poets, the historians, the novelists of America. I
thank you, for I have no right to decline any applause
which you may be pleased to award to them, how much
soever I might feel inclined to decline that honour to
myself individually. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) The
circumstances of our country have directed much cf oar
attention to the rough side of life, instead of to those
softening is fluences which are favourable to literary pro-
ductions ; but it is something to me to think that we
have accomplished an act of gratitude—of heartfelt
gratitude—to England. It is something to my country-
men to know that they have yet maintained the old
A nglo-Saxon spirit, and that it has some hold upon them
now in their literary pursuits. It gives me happiness to
believe this, because the more we return to you for the
great measure of enjoyment that we have received from
you the more we shall aid you in promoting peace and
goodwill, in which I hope the two nations will ever con-
tinue, because every American who has written books
which England is content to receive into her literature
has contributed something to that excellent result.
Having responded to the toast which has been proposed,
I might sit down, but I cannot do so, and you will par-
' don me ; for, as has been justly observed, had the ties
been drawn but a little closer, America would have
called Mr. Brown her son. (Loud cheering.) At all
events, he has the connexion by Wood, by' friend-
ship, by affection, in all the interests of life, which
we shall certainly not forget, neither will be.
(Loud cheers.) It is good for our country that there
should be such men—men connected with one country,
and with another, and yet not the less true to their own
beloved land. (Cheers.) It was proved, and not very
long ago either, that it was good for both countries that
he was here—(hear, hear)—that he grasped one in *his *
right hand and the other in his left. Sir, I assure him,
on behalf of my fellow-countrymen, that we are always
as proud of him as if he were one of us ; we are proud of
his good deeds, of his illustriotis life, and of his great
acts of noble and enlightened beneficence. (Cheers.)
This last is the deed conceived in the very spirit and done
in the very spirit in which an enlightened benefactor
should seek to benefit his country—by considering the
means by which he might best promote human happiness
throughout the world. Gentlemen, I thank you.
(Cheers.)

Mr. BROWN gave the " Health of the Deputy-Mayor,"
and that gentleman having responded the proceedings
terminated.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(Tbis Day.)

LONDON, April 17.—. Windthis day at noon, S.; mode..
rate breeze and cloudy.
PORTSMOUTH, A prill6 —Wind S.W to W. S.W.— Sailed
—Her .Iqljesty'B steamer Himalaya, for China.
PLYMOUTH, April 16.—Wind S. W.—Arrived—Mill Bay,
from Bridport, for Newfoundland. Sailed—Countess of
London, for Quebec.
CORK, April 15.—Wind W.N.W.—Sailed—Adeline
Cann, for Richibucto.
LOWESTOFT, April N. —The Volusia, from Sunderland
to London, has been assisted off the Holme Sand.

OFF HURST CASTLE, April 17, at 7 a.m.—Atrato
West Indies.
FALMOOTR, April 16.--Wind S.W.—Arrived—Anna,
from Honduras, with decks swept, loss of bulwarks and
stancheons.

FREDRICKSHAM, April 16.—The Joseph Clarke (Amen•
can ship), with cotton for St. Petersburg, is stranded three
miles west of the Scaw Point.

Wind S.

(PER ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
LIVERPOOL, Friday Morning.

Arrived—Evelyn, from Mobile ; George Green, New.
Orleans ; Ben Nevis, Bombay ; Pigeone, Antwerp ; As=
tarte, Keoseve.
Sailed—Home, for Quebec; Radnagore, Mutlah; Lioness,
Havre ; Camilla, Newfoundland ; Magdalena, Mentor, and
Maria Catherine, Narva ; Hulda, Kiel ; Thomas and Wil-
liam, and Annandale, Newfoundland ; Dauntless, Mar-
seilles; J: Marcus, Min de, Frederica, John, and Ed-
ward, for Bordeaux ; Diligent, for Oporto; Atmosphere,
New York ; Bedford, Konigsberg ; Arctic, Calcutta ;
Argestes, Newfoundland ; Salem, Quebec ; Addie Snow,
New Orleans ; Nicholson and Canada, Newfoundland ;
Treaty, St. Petersburg; Benedict, Riga; Cornelia, Narvac
Industrious, Leghorn.

QLTEENSTOWN, April 15.
Wind W.N.W.
Arrived—Stirlingshiro, from Savannah.

, TCI
Friday,R 21
9.4013.) a. M
•
Fin
weather fine.
d(tiwY
ebb;Bt3fidAentihrrrgeeAhquAi.nys:EisTEi
Arrived, 16th—William Gilles, from Calcutta ; St.
George, Callao.
Arrived; 17th—Lionne, from Gravelines ; Highland
Mary, Callae.
Sailed, 17th—Albert Augusta, for La Rochelle ; ire.
grins Oliver, for Hong Kong; Northumberland, for tho
West Coast of Africa.

DEAL, Friday, 9.26 a. m.

Wind S.S.W., moderate.
Passed—Earl of Chester, from Affulmein, for London.
Anchored—Vesta, for Quebec; Zaino, Swansea—both
from London ; Wave, from Sunderland, for Iceport.

THE EXPLOSION NEAR SWANSEA.—The inquest upon
the three persons killed by the explosion at the Gorse
Colliery on the 9th inst. was held on Wednesday at the
Traveller's Well, Casbadell, about two miles from Swan.
sea, and within a short distance of the colliery, before
Mr. Charles Collins, coroner for the district, and a jury
consisting of 14 persons. Mr. Thos. Evans, Government
Inspector of Mines for the South Wales district,' win
present, and Mr. J. T. Jenkin, solicitor, of awanses,
appeared to watch the proceedings on behalf of Messrs.
Richards and Glasbrook, the proprietors of the colliery.
Several witnesses were examined, but, as the eviden
se
as to the cause of the explosion was imperfect, the in.
quest was adjourned to the 29th inst.
THE CONDEMNED CRIXINAL NATION.—This criminal,
culprit.p nd s four
He is os r
da fiveto
whose execution is Lured to take place in front of the
Somerset County Gaol, at the usual hour, at noon,
oe,
the 21st inst., has regularly received the ministrations
of the rev. chapliathin
toheethuer.oghaaopl,pywhll s
hours daily with
to maintain his self-possession in a remarkable degree,
although be now entertains no hope of a reprieve. Re
was again visited by his fat her en Monday, when the
old man entreated him to e‘'.infess his guilt and prepare
w for another world. His solicitor, Mr. Taunton, spent
me time with him, but the prisoner made no admission
PG- crime, or of the justice of his sentence. He takes
of his nparentty with a got id appetite, but at night
his f)od at. • depressed and rilstless. On Monday he
wrote an autnon, + book, published by'
the
see r
ms l/th,et 'tory letter to one of his relatives, and
expressed a wish .13E!'t.idabelietn":b.boet should
Tract Society, which L. b,at ch, wick.
be given to his brother.—f.

WAR-OFFICE, APRIL 17.
.3d Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Veterinary Surgeon
It. J. G. Hurford, from the 9th Light Dragoons, to be
Veterinary Surgeon, vice Shaw, who exchanges.
7th Dragoon Guards—Cornet Richard Charles Echalaz,
from the 4th Light Dragoons, to be Cornet, vice Chilton,
appoiappointed to the 4th Dragoon Guards.
nted
Light Dragoons—Veterinary Surgeon Austin Cooper
Shaw, from the 3d Dragoon Guards, to be Veterinary
Surgeon, vice Hurford, who exchanges.
15th Light Dragoons—Regimental Sergeant-Major Jas.
Mann to be Cornet, without purchase, in succession to
Lieutenant Maude, deceased.
Military Train Aaptain Henry Alexander, from half-

On Wednesday night at the weekly meeting of
the Society of Atts, E. Chadwick, Esq., in the
chair, a paper was read by Mr. J. W. Papworth,
on " Houses as they are and ought to be."
Mr. PAPWORTH said it was much to be regretted
that those who invest money in building are gene-
rally lamentably ignorant of the subject, and the
result is in many cases a serious misapplication of
capital. Indeed, the building owner and the
builder, without the intervention of an architect,
meet on very unfair terms. This is the more im-
portant, since the present system of excessive com-
petition has gradually reduced the stability of build-
ings to an alarming extent. It is remarkable that
many of the brick buildings erected in the early part
of the 16th century still remain and command a
fancy price, and in many parts of London those
built in the seventeenth century still remain in
good condition. Towards the latter part of the
eighteenth and beginning of the present century,
the solidity of the buildings seems to have declined
till it arrived at the present flimsy style. Many ob-
jections may be made against the present almost
universally adopted plan for London houses. The
placing the kitchen on the basement is an evil that
might often be avoided, and a different arrangement
of staircase would sometimes be an advantage. Per-
haps one of the greatest improvements in London
houses of all sizes would be to have the drains laid so
near the surface, and so covered by boards, that
they could be examined or cleaned without trouble.
Many a drain has been allowed to leak its contents
away into the kitchen floor and the foundations,
from which cause alone there are many damp walls
in London. Mr. Papworth then dwelt at some
length upon the present competitive system. When
tenders are soot in, a most embarrassing discre-
pancy exists in the amounts named, and generally,
if the lowest tender is accepted, it is found to be
in the end false economy, and more money is spent
eventually than was originally contemplated. The
subject of house building, as at present carried on
by speculative builders, was then discussed, the
badness of the bricks employed, the careless prepa-
ration of the mortar, the mixing of old brickwork
with new, the bad method of laying foundations—
these and numerous other evils were pointed out.
The rapidity with which the work is carried on
naturally produces serious imperfections, among
which smoky chimneys are not the least. If the
public will avail itself of unlimited competition,
and will not pay the builder a fair price for his
work, the class of honest builders will die out, and
in all our houses we shall see one or more faults
Eke those described. With reference to the bad
policy of such a system, every year of a badly built
hoar?. may be said to cost at least one-third of the
rent in repairs ; if they are not done, the horse
goes to ruin at once. Indeed, our modern houses
are so badly built that even speculative builders
now find it difficult to sell a lease. Mr. Papworth
concluded by expressing a hope that if the syste►n
ho had condemned were continued the blame would
not be unfairly laid upon the profession to which
he considered it an honour to belong.
A discussion ensued, in which Dr. Waller Lewis, Dr.
A'nott, Dr. Milroy, Messrs. Robert Rawlinson, Elliott,
WinkworLh, Pearsall, and others took part.

pay, 10th Light Dragrions, to be Captain, vice John Woad,
who resigns; Grahame Craig, Esq., late Chief Accountant
Land Transport Corps, to be Paymaster.
Royal Artillery—Lieutenant Ernest Augustus Mon-
tague Lloyd has been superseded, being absent without
leave.

•Scots Fusilier Guards—Ensign and Lieutenant Henry
George Bowden, to be Instructor of Musketry.
25th Regiment of Foot—Henry George Ramadge, Gent.,
to be Ensign, by purchase vice Layard, promoted. The
first Christian name of Lieut. Layard, whose promotion
was published in the Gazette ot 10th inst., is Charle..
32d Foot—Ensign Joseph Brackenbury to be Lieute-
nant, without purchase, vice Crowdy, deceased ; Ensign
James Strachan, from the 44th Foot, to be Ensign, with-
out purchase, vice Brackenbury.
55th Foot—Captain George Anthony Morgan, from half-
pay of the 55th Foot, to be Captain, vice Bissett, who ex-
changes.

59th Foot—Ensign Robert Curving to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Tucker, who retires ; Henry Seton Wake-
field, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Curving,
60th Foot—Ensign and Adjutant Matthew Tilford to
have the rank of Lieutenant ; Ensign Frederick Simon A.
Orchard to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Charles
James Phillippe, deceased.
71st Foot—Lieutenant Francis Bonham to be Captain,
by purchase, vice F. C. Clerks, who retires.
72d Foot—Captain Oswald Barton Fielden, from half-
pay 72d Foot, to be Captain, vice Robert Douglas, who
exchanges.
73d Foot—Lieutenant J. J. Lloyd Williams to be Cap-
tain, by purchase, vice Knox, who retires ; Ensign Wil-
liam John Lane Milligan to be Lieutenant, by purchase,
vice Williams; Thomas Monsell Warren, Gent., to be En-
sign, by purchase, vice Milligan.
• 77th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon George Clarence Hyde,
Nal the Staff, to be Assistant• Surgeon, vice Burton, who
exchanges.

78th-Foot— Lieutenant William McGregor Archer to be
Captain, without purchase, vice Paivis, deceased; Ensign
Hugh Simpson to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice
Archer; Ensign James Sinclair to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice Davithon, who retires.
' 88th Foot—Captain Henry Hooper Day, from half-pay
of the 88th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet-Major
Nathaniel Steevens, whose Brevet Rank has been converted
Into Substantive Rank, under the Royal Warrant of 6th
Ostober, 1854.

89th 'Foot—Lieutenant George Harmer Pering to be
Instructor of Musketry.
92d Foot—Ensign Francis Roberts to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Swift, promoted, by purchase, to an Unat-
tached Company ; Alexander Robert Abercromby Boyd,
Gent, to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Roberts.
98th Foot—Lieutenant Peter Edward Quin to be Adju-
tant, vice Reid, who resigns the Adjutancy only.
'Rifle Brigade—Assistant-Surgeon Alexander Crawford
Robinson, from the Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice
Brown, who resigns ; Assistant-Surgeon John Story, from
the Staff, to bo Assistant-Surgeon, vice Thompson, who
resigns,
2d West India Regiment—Major John Lewes, from half-
pay Unattached, to be Major, vice Miller, wholexchanges.
ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE.—Brevet-Col. C. R. Scott,
half-pay Staff Corps, to be Lieutenant-Governor, vce
Brevet-Col. Prosser, unattached, who resigns that appoint-
ment.

UNATTACHED.—Captain and Brevet-Lieut.-Col. 3. J.
Graham, half-pay Unattached, to the Substantive Rank of
Major ; Brevet-Major Nathaniel Steevens, of the 88th
Foot, to have his Brevet Rank converted into Substantive
Rank, under the Royal Warrant of the 6th Oct., 1851.
HOSPITAL STAFF.
Assistant-Surgeon Robert Graves Burton, M.D., from
the 77th Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Hyde, who
exchanges.

REVET.
The undermentionedß officers of the East India Com-
pany's Service, retired on full pay, to have a step of hono-
rary rank as follows :

Ditto, three months 11 19%
Rotterdam •• •• •• •• •• •• 11 1934
Antwerp • • • • • • • • .• • • • • 25 50
Brussels .............. 25 50
Ilamburgh.•• .• •... •• • • 13 8
Alton& •• •• •• •• •• •• ••
Ditto. three months .. 25 67%
MarseWes ••• •• .• •• •••• 95 70
gonrdeatur • • • • • • •• • • so
Frankfort-on-Maine ••.. 119%
Berlin •• •• •• •• •••• • •• ••••
VieTarlA •• •• •• ••••• • • • •• 10 32
Trieste........ •• • • •... 10 33
Petersburg ...........• 3674
Madrid •.••••• •• •• •• ••• 49.4,
Barcelona •• •• •e • • •• •,•
....

_ -•- -
Venice• • • • •...•• •...
Naples ..... . 43
Palermo ....
Messina ... 130%
Lisbon ••• 5214
Oporto •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 52%
Rio Janeiro
Buenos Ayres....Ayres
New
York,6o days' sight
Philadelphia .. ....
mugs OF 1171.1.10//, TEI OF.
Foreign Gold in Bus £3 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin .. 0 0 0
Mexican Dollars .... 0 b 0J
New Dollars ...... 0 0 4
iilarer in hare —• 0 5

SOCIETY OF ARTS.

Lieut.-Colonel James TO BR COLONELS.
Benwell, Madras Infantry.
Lieut.-Colonel W ussell, Madras lantry.
• Lieut.-Colonel James Holland, Bombaynf Infantry.
TO BE LIEUTENANT-COLONEL.
Major Lowther Thomas Forrest, Bengal Infantry.
TO I3E MAJORS.
Captain Claude Frederick Irby, Madras Infantry.
Captain Richard Boulton, Bengal Light Infantry.
Captain John Peter Mount Biggs, Madras Infantry.
COMMISSION SIGNED BY LORD-LIEUTENANT.
King's Own Light Infantry Regiment of Militia—Lons-
dale Pounden, Esq., late a Captain in the Inverness-sbire
Highlaud Light lufautry Militia, to be Captain, vice
Parry, promoted.

FIRE AT BIRKENHEAD.—LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY._
About 4 o'clock this morning a fire broke out in the
shop of Mrs. Jones, milliner, Chester-street, Birkenhead,
and for two hours continued to rage freely, there being
no water in. the main. After water had been turned on
the exertions of the police soon quenched the flames,
but not until the entire place was gutted and a large
portion of the inner wall had fallen in. Fortunately
there were no lives lost, although at the time of the dis-
covery of the fire, in addition to Mrs. Jones there were
twelve females, servants and apprentices, in the house.
These running along a ledge one foot wide overhanging
the streets, were rescued on reaching the skylight of an
adjoining house.
NOTICE OF INTENDED DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN EDUCATION OF ENGLISH PRINCES.—Prince
NAVAL PRIZE MONEY. Alfred, who is still at Geneva, is expected at the
nt-General of the Nav
begin-
Department of the Aceoun ning of May to arrive at Gotha, where he will reside
Admiralty, Somerset-house, April 16, 1857. tty, for a short time at Schloss Rosenau. Al the conclusion
Notice is hereby given to the officers, seamen, and ma- of this visit to the territories of which the young
rinns, and to all porions interested therein, that the pig- prince will probably one day he the reigning monarch, he i
tiibtrtion of proceeds arising from the lonian brig San will repair to the University at Boon, and psissome few i
Spiridione, captured on the 11th May, 1854, by her Ma- terms there. For the Prince of Wales there has also
.lesty's ships Fury and Sidon, will commence, on Mon- been taken a convenient and agreeable dwelling in the :
day, the 4th May, 1857, in the Prize Branch of the Do- immediate vicinity of the University town, where he
partment of the Accountant-General of the Navy, Adtai- will shortly come to reside, and enjoy the advantages of
ratty, Somerset-house." the academic course, without necessarily being mixed up
Agents and other persons holding powers of attorne
virtge , universities do not '
y, with the students, as the habits of students at German
prize orders, assignments or other instruments, by
of which they may be legally entitled to claim the share of refinement English notions exactly tally with
t and gentlemanly bearing. The strong feel-
any captor, serving in the above named ship, are re- •
quested to present the same at this office, ing we entertain on this point has, however, almost no
Any officer, seaman, marine, or other person who may applicability to the students at Bonn, which is the
(led, eto i eceivc his share from the Collector of Customs or Christ Church of Germany ; Prince Albert, the young
Inland Revenue within the United Kingdom, is required to Princes of Prussia, and many of our own nobility and
intimate the same by letter to be addressed "On Prize Bind- gentry, have matriculated and studied there. ,

TRIAL OF MR. SMITH'S STEAM PLOUGH

AT WOOLS E ON.

illustrated in going over his crops, showing the cost
of cultivating by the ordinary plough and by his
system, it appears that the following results are ob-
tained :

Ordinary Plough.
Qrs. per acre.
Fallow
Wheat
Beans 4 Beans.,
Oats

Steam.

14 Qrs. 24 Qrs.
Tons. Cwt. Tons. Cwt.
Clover 2 10 Clover 3 10
It will be perceived that Mr. Smith discards the
necessity of fallowi upon his system of culture ;
while at the same time he insists that, upon cold
lands, under the ordinary plough system, they are
indispensable every four years. The fact is, that
by simply shaking, and deeply loosening, the soil,
without turning it over, the weeds are kept upon
the surface and readily removed, while the soil is
easily kept clean and ready for seed.

The cost of steam-ploughing is about ss. 2d. per
acre, of subsoiling 35. per acre, and of scuffling 2s.
One em ample or so will suffice to show the practical
results of this mode of culture :

s. d.
Land once steam-ploughed (per-acre) 5 2
„ Twice subsoiled, 3s 6 0

11 2
Oats, 3 bushels, produced 9 qrs. 3 bush.
Land, twice steam ploughed, 58. 2d lO 4
ff Once scuffled, 2s,

12 4
Peas, seed 3 bushels, produced 5 qrs. 1 bush.
The saving in horses is also considerable. Mr.
Smith showed clearly enough that ho could dis-
pense with three horses, which he valued at 301.
each, to say nothing of their keep. The cost of the
whole plant for steam cultivation, including en-
gine, windlasses, ropes, anchors, pulleys, ploughs,
cultivators, &c., would amount to about 4001. ;
but for those who were already in possession of an
engine the difference in saving between horse-
power and steam-power would be sensibly felt,
even in the first year, work measured against work,
produce against produce.

NEWMARKET RACES.—(This Day.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEORAPB.)
100 SOVS. SWEEPSTAKES. D.M.

C by Orlando—Ma Mie
Bannockburn
Traitor