The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-03 00:00:00

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From the Amoor to Ii

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cable, but there would r esult the following great
inconveniences :

1. 0 wing to the Aleut is Islanas being destitute
of wood the erection of t ,el'egraph poles in the stony
ground, and the replar!ing them in case they be-
came rotten, would off( 1r great difficulties for the
construction of aerial Vales.

2. That the many shore-end cabhs which would
be required, mostly exposed to deterioration, espe-
cially on the rocky shores there, and generally more
expensive than the other parts of tie cable, on ac-
count of the rocky beds between these islands,
would be in danger of ;soon becoming useless; and,

3. These shore-end c ables would etch necessitate
a man to guard it, and 'by placing tw) men on each
island at least 100 mea would be required ; while
at some places water• (much less foods can scarcely
be found.

From these causes, we may- safely ecnclude that a
submarine cable all the way from Kamtschatka to
America, though in the first instance more expen-
sive, would be more durable, and would bring the
different cables to such shores where taere is a safe
port and anchoring place.
The following points could be selacted in the
Aleutic Islands for such a submarine lne :
From Petropavlovsk in Kamtschatka to-
-1 A village in Behring Island
2. Port in the Copper Island

3. Port Tschalschagove, at Attou Island 445 ~

4. Port, at Kiska Island
5 Port Constantine, at the Amschilka
Island , 155
6. Bay Slava Rossu, on the Tanags.
Island ...... 238

-
7. Bay Nassau, do.
8. Village Nicholskoo, on the Island Atka 192 ,
9. Bay and Village, Umnak Island
10. Village Illuluk, Captain's Bay, Una- 470 ~

laschka Island
11. Village Schischaldinskoe, Unimak
Island .. 186 „
12. Village Morschevskoc, Aliaska Island 124 „

Total
or 1,875 geographical miles,
The submarine line would therefore connect
Kamtschatka with America, i.e., the Old with the
New World ; but in order to completely encircle
the world, it would have to be extended on one
side as far as California, and on the other to the
Amoor, where all the Russo• American lines meet.

From the Island Aliaska an aerial line could be
erected as far as to the Russo-American colonies ;
but in the other less populated countries, inhabited,
by wild and warlike tribes, the construction of such
lines would be scarcely practicable, unless they
could be properly protected.
The same objection applies to the English colo-
nies of the Hudson's Bay Company, and further,
also, to Oregon and California, and for the same
reason it was found necessary by the Anglo-Ameri-
can Company to construct a submarine in preference
to an arid line between San Francisco and Van-
couver's Island.
Submarine cables can in the same manner be laid
between Kamschatka and Aliaska, connecting the
islands of Schumagine, Kardiak, and other small
ones as far as the port of New Archangelsea, on
Sitka, and down to the Island of Reine Charlotte.
The length of this line would be 1,315 miles
(2,300 vents), and it would be connected with the
cable which is already laid between Vancouver and
Francisco, thus establishing a communication with
all the telegraph lines of America.
A submarine line between Kamschatka and the
Amoor would, therefore, be also preferable to aerial
lines, using the latter only when urgent necessity
requires.

'There are four routes for such a line, viz.:-1.
Okotsk ; 2. Bolcherczk; 3. Sachaline ; 4. Japan.

I. With reference to the first route, it would be
likewise necessary to connect this line by small sec-
tional cables, as an aerial line along the shores of
the Sea of Okotsk, as proposed by some engineers,
would be impracticable, the country round the Sea
of Okotsk being wide and uninhabitable.

Starting from Nicolacvske on the Amcor, this
line to Kamschatka would have to traverse the fol-
lowing points :
1. The Bayof St. Nicolai, in Ulbon (aerial line) 200 worsts.
2. The Chantar Islands (submarine cable) .. 200 „

3. The Port Ajan (do.)

4. Okotsk (do.)
5. Port Tauisk (do.)

6. Cape Piagnine and lamsk (do.)
7. Tigel, in Kamtschatka (do.)

8. Nischni Kamtschatka (aerial line)

Total 2,700 wersts.

There would then only remain to be constructed
a line of 275 wersts, including 105 of aerial line,
from the southern part of Kamtschatka to Behring
Island. The submarine line from Kamtschatka to
America would therefore have to start from Cape
Kamtschatka and Nischni Kamtschatka, and not
from Petropavlovsk, but be connected with the lat-
ter by an aerial line of about 725 wersts from
Nischni Kamtschatka.

The line via Okotsk would therefore be of the
following length:—

Submarine cable 2,075 words, or 1,127 miles
Aerial line ..

Total 3,425 worsts, or 1,957 miles
11. Route via Bolcherezk :
___

Worsts

1. From Port De Castries to Cape Lasaroff (aerial line) 110
2. Straits of Sachaline (submarine cable) 10
3. Bay Nu, on the east shore of the Island Sachaline
(aerial line) 130
4. Bolcherczk, in Kamtschatka (submarine cable) 950
5. Port Petropavlovsk (aerial line) 200

Total 1,400
or SOO miles.

111. Route via Saehaline :

In connection with an aerial line as far as Cape
Terpenia, a submarine cable of 550 wersts (315
miles) would be laid to the Russian island Urup
(Curilian Islands), and meet the line leading to Pe-
tropavlovsk.
The length of this line would be 2,800 worsts
(1,600 miles), including an aerial line of 914 worsts,
or 1,200 miles.
IV. The route via Japan :
From the Bay St. Olga to Port Hakodate, on the
Japanese island, Matsmai.
A submarine cable, of 600 wersts or 350 miles,
which, following up the line in the direction of the
Curilian Islands as far as Port Petropavlovsk, in
Kamtschatka, would form a length of 2,500 worsts,
or 1,422 miles.
The different lengths of the line, via these four
routes, taking llabarovska on the Amoor as a cen-
tral point, would be as follow :
Total miles.
L Via Okotsk, 1,272 aerial line, 1,180 cable line. 2,453
2. Via Bolcherezk, G 22/ do. 5421 do. 1,171
3. Via Sachaline, 914 do. 1,057 do. 1,971
4. Via Japan, 402 do. 1,423 do. 1,830
It will be observed that the first three routes pass
through Russian territory ; the last route from Ha-
kodate, along the Curilian Islands, Maternal, Kun-
aschir, and Urup, being Japanese possessions, it
would, in a political point of view, appear inconve-
nient, but as regards commercial interests, it would
prove advantageous, Hakodate being a port used
by the whole European commerce.
The route via Bolcherezit being the shortest and
most convenient, and the depth and peculiarity of
the Sea o► Okotsk presenting no obstacle to laying
a submarine cable, and passing through more inha-
bited countries, preference ought to be given to this
route over the others, provided that no unforeseen
impediment should present itself.
The route via Okotsk being much longer, and
therefore more expensive, besides leading towards
the north, where an aerial line of 200 miles would
have to be constructed through a wild and uninha-
bited country, the erection of such a line would be
impracticable.
Although the routs via Sachaline is more
southerly, yet it is too long and more expensive than
that via Boleherezk, and likewise more inconvenient,
as it leads through the wild steppes of the Curilian
Islands, which are still uninhabited.
however, this line appears to offer some cIT2/1""

:

,ected with all the Russian
'acific, yet it would by no
Bolcherezk, which would
gths of cable:—

Wersts. Miles.
_.oor to Kamtschatka..
From Kamtschatka in Aliaska in America 3,282 1,875
From Aliaska to Reine Charlotte Island 2,300 1,315 n

Total ..........
Or about 7,000 wersts, or 4,670 English miles, or
1,000 German miles, or 4,000 nautical miles.
Instead of the aerial lines through Sachaline and
Kamtschatka, underground lines would perhaps
have to be substituted, owing to the wildness of
that part of the country. These underground lines
would therefore have to be considered as cable lines.

TELEGRAPIT TO CIIINA AND JAPAN.
The aerial line through Siberia, which the Russian
Government is at present constructing, leads to
Japan and China, and offers the quickest communi-
cetion with Europe. Messages from Japan can be
sent to the Russian ports of Wlachvastok and S.
Olga, which are situated in the Sea of Japan, end
thence telegraphed via Siberia to London and Paris
and the whole of Europe. Messages from China,
sent through the Russian Post-office from Pekin to
Kiachta, can be telegraphed from the latter place
to all parts of Europe.
If the commercial interests of Europe should re-
quire it, a direct telegraph, either submarine or
aerial, could be constructed to Japan and China, in
connection with the Siberian line. A land line
would have to be erected in the direction of Kiachta.
There are several routes from Kiachta to China
through the desert of Gobi, but the one which is at
present used by the Russian post traffic would have
to be chosen for the construction of a land line,
forming a length of 1,775 wersts (1,015
though one-half of this—viz., from Urga to ;t
gan, a distance of about 1,285 wersts (735 miles)—
is a woodless, stony, and sandy tract of land, and
only inhabited by nomadic Mongols, who relieve
each other at the post stations ; yet there would be
no difficulty in constructing a telegraph line, as at
certain places where there are pasture grounds and
water in abundance stations could be erected for the
men guarding the line. It would also be advisable
to substitute iron for wooden poles in case one or
more of the poles should in time become useless, as
wood in this part of the country is very difficult to
procure.
H,

owever expensive such a land line would be, it
deserves mature consideration whether the vastness
of the commercial interests of Europe would not
warrant such an outlay, as the want of wood for
building purposes, the expense of supplying it, the
erection of stations in the desert, and the supply
of other necessities, would increase the expense by
500 rubles (about LSO) per werst, which would
amount for the whole length of the 1,775 wersts of
land line to 900,000 rubles (3,250,000 f., or £130.000).
But as regards a submarine telegraph to China,
the first connecting point with the Siberian line
would have to be at Shanghae, the most important
post for the China-European commerce, from which
place alone messages could be transmitted to
Europe to an extent that the expense of such a
cable would in a short time be covered by the traffic.
From Shanghai a branch aerial line to Pekin
could be constructed, but the erection of such a line
in the present disturbed state of China would
scarcely be possible; and as regards the length of a
submarine line thence to the shores of the Bay of
Petshelig, it would, according to the indication of
the map (to which we can only refer) be about 1,100
wersts (630 miles), the expense of which would be
about 1,375,000r5.
If on investigation it should be found that a sub-
marine line in this direction offers no difficulty, the
expense of the whole telegraph line from Kiachta,
in Siberia, to Shangha, and thence to Pekin, would
amount to 2,300,000r5. (8,300,000 f., or £330,000).
If on the other hand any political obstacle should
prevent the carrying out of this line, it could be
connected with the Russian ports at Shanghae.
Feom the future telegraph termini of the Siberian

line at the ports of the S. Olga or Novgorodsky to-
wards Shanghae there are several small islands,
which could be used as resting points for the cable
and as stations; they lie, besides, near Japan, so
that a branch telegraph line would connect Japan
with the main one. The length of this cable line
between the Russian shores and the Sea of Japan
would be as follows :
From the Port of Novgorodsky, Gulf d'Auville, to—
The Island of Dagelet
„ Toussima
Quelpart
„ Shanghae 3OO „
From the Island of Toussima to Nagasaki,
in Japan

'
Total
1,200 nautical miles ; 2,100 wersts, which would
cost about 2,500,000 roubles (9,000,000 fr.,
£360,000.

The length of the whole line between Shanghai
and London would therefore be :

The length via Kiachta, in Siberia, to Pekin,
12,000 wersts, or 6,860 miles.
The length via the Sea of Japan and the Islands
of Toussima or Quelpart, about 14,650 wersts, or
8,370 miles.

But as the telegraph line to the East Indies
through the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, as
projected by the English, forms a length of about
19,000 wersts, or 10,860 sea miles—viz., 4,000 miles
more than that via Kiachta, the latter being the
same length as the line between the Amoor and the
Island Reine Charlotte, the same amount of capital
as that expended on the East Indian line would
suffice for the universal telegraph connecting the
East Indies with Shanghai, and thus establishing
a telegraphic communication between Europe,
America, China, and Japan.
From the above we may come to the conclusion
what material advantage could be gained by com-
munication through Russia with the East.