The Sun.
London, England, 1857-01-13 00:00:00

A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE

OF MEDICINE.
Patent Office Seal of Great Britain. Medicine, Vienna.
i I College of
Pharmacien de Paris. Iall".-a
__ in the form of alozenge,
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devoid of taste or smell, and can be
as administered by
to doses,
Sold in tin cases, divided into separate doses, c
carried in the waistcoat pocket.
Valpeau
for v
PE-
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TRIESEMAR No. 1 is a
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LA.XATION, SPERMATORRIMA, and all
i inate excesseS,
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RI crs.
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Whatever May be the came for DISQIJALIFIC,ATIONS for MAR-
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n been thought an antidote for, to the
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and containing the Opinions of Valpeau, Lailernand, Roux, Ricord,
&c. It gives copious instructions for the perfect restoration of those
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PIINJAUB RAILWAY COMPANY.—No
further Application for Shares in the above
Company can be received after TO-MORROW (Wednesday),
the 14th inst.

_
THOMAS BURNELL, Secretary.
Gresham House, Old Broad-street, Jan. 13, 1857.

How SAWARD CAME TO BE A BARRISTER.—The Law
Times says :—" The question is properly asked, How
did ',Tem Saward,' who figures in the great city for-
geries,' get to the bar ? In the Law List he is described
as James Tewnahend Saward, Esq., of the Inner
Temple and the Home Circuit.' The date of his call is
the 28th of November, 1840. He has been for a long
time the associate of thieves. Who is he ? By what
two barristers was he proposed ? By whom of the
Benchers approved ? For without this preliminary cer-
tificate of character admission of a student is imprac-
ticable. The Inner Temple boasts of a sort of prelimi-
nary classical examination. Was Jem Saward'
subjected to this ? These are questions which the
society has a right to ask, and the proposers might pro-
perly be called upon to state what was their knowledge
of him."
GALLANT CONDUCT.—About 12 o'clock at noon on
Sunday last the brag Era, of Rochester, while off Easing-
ton, was struck by a tremendous sea, by which one of
afterwards
the crew were
washed overboard. The vessel was
shortly
undriven on shore between Castle Eden
Dene andnrde
where
a number of villagers were
gathered together
on the shore, among whom were Mr.
Rowland Burdon,
chairmanCe of the quarter sessions,
and the curate of
Castle
that a chain of hands be formed den.
Mr. Burdon proposed
ing the rope, and that the taller men should go in first. . for the purpose of reach-
The proposal was at onc'
keeper went first, Mr. Burdon second,
to ; a stalwart game. Castle Eden next. They then advanced
and the curate of
until Mr. Burdon was up tothe shoulders, when the end
into the water
of the rope was caught, and acommunication
with the vessel, and the crew Weredra obtained
Mr. Burdon had promptly sent
downfrwonm the castle
on shore.
a supply of brandy and other restoratives, together with
a quantity of blankets, for the shipwrecked
mariners.—
Yorkshire Gazelle.
WILLS AND CHARITABLE BEQUESTS.—The will of the
Right Hon. Julia Anne, Countess Dowager of Roden,
was proved under 4,0001. Rear-Admiral Sir H. Hart,
K.C.H., 18,0001. The Rev. W. H. Cooper, of Kemp
Town, 25,000/. J. Venn, E-q., of Highbury park,
25,000/. T. Worthington, Esq., Sharston Hall, Cheshire,
45,000/. within the province of Canterbury, and has
left some thousands to charitable institutions in Man-
chester. John Collett, E:q , formerly M.P., 80,000/ ,
leaving 5,0001. at the discretion of his executors, to pay
fines imposed upon poachers, and legacies to charities.
John Kenyon, Esq., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., of Devonshire-
place, West Cowes, and Wimbledon, 180,000/. within
the province. The will, though short, contains nume-
rous legacies to his literary friends, and one of large
amount. Those not exce• ding 5,0001. each are free of
legacy duty. 5,000/. to the University College Hospi-
tal, Gower-street; to Robert Hawthorn, Esq., one of his
executors, 20,000/. ; and to James Booth, Esq., the
other executor, 5,000/. He has also left the residue of
his property equally between them,—///ustrated News.

LAW AMENDMENT SOCIETY.

TREATMENT OF DANGEROUS CRIMINALS.

A meeting of this society was held yesterday evening
—Lord Stanley, M.P., in the chair.
After the preliminary business had been disposed of,
The Secretary (Mr. Hastings) read the following letter
from Lord Brougham :

" Brougham, Jan. 8, 1857.
"My dear Hastings—lt appears to me very important
that the attention of the society should be directed speci-
ally to the complaints, not by any means groundless,
which have lately been made of some things connected'
with the administration of the criminal law. Of the
change required in the law itself I have more than once
made mention; but I now refer to certain matters in the
administration of it. I shall at present only mention one
of them, but it is really of great importance generally and
permanently, although at this time, from accidental cir-
cumstances, it possesses peculiar claims to our attention.,
Surely some arrangement ought to be made for giving
the Home Department more regular and effectual :latest-
ance in the exercise of that most important and difficult
and most delicate office of remitting or commuting pa
nishments ordered by the sentences of courts. It is not
interfering with the high prerogative of mercy to regu-
late the manner in Which it shall be exercised. The
prerogative would remain. whatever checks we Might
impose upon the advice to be tendered. Nay, the very
department to which assessors might be appointed would
be at full liberty to disregard thar recommendation, a,
the sheriff is in the writs of inquiry executed by hit n
with his assessor. But there is a case more closely reset n-
tiling the one in question, where the royal prerogative in
criminal, as well as in civil causes, is in substance
touched, though not in form. The Judicial Coinr&.ttee
,of the Privy Council hears and determines tho, C causes;
and though its recommendations do not ,bind the
-Crown, and maY be wholly disregarded, yet I question
if any instance can he found, even before that tribunal
was established, certainly there has been none since,
of any other judgment being given by the Crown than
ace' rding.to the report of the committee. But lam sure
never dreamt that when we were forming the court,
with powers far more extensive than the former pt.s-
sessed, there was any encroachment made upon the pre-
rogative. It well deserves to be considered by on.: of our
committee in what way this help should.be provided for
the department. Several plans have suggested( them
selveo, but it is manifest that here, as in so matoy other
branches of our inquiries touching the amendnemt of the
.aw, the want of a minister of justice will be sure to meet
us at each step, and that the creation of such an office
would probably supply the defect complait.ed of. Thera
cave been some cases lately in our criminal courts
serving of serious attention, on account of the erroneous
views taken by juries, and not perhaps aufficienily
checked by the bench. But without more full and accu-
rate information than I have been able to obtain as to
the facto, I do not even wish to state my doubt and diffi-
culties.—Believe me, sincerely yours,

"H. BRO UGHAM. "
The SECRETARY then read a report presented. by the
Criminal Law Committee on the paper read at the pre-
ceding meeting by Mr. Hill, in reference to the means of
treeing a country from dangerous criminals. The commit.
tee were of opinion that some alterations in the scale of
punishment were necessary, and 'that a more vigorous
administration of the criminal law would render thecom-
mission of acts of violence, robbery, and aggression mat-
ters of rare occurrence. They thought the Lite increase in
the number of crimes of a violent character attributable
in some degree to the disbandonment of the militia, which
bad throivn on the country 70,000 men without adequate
means of employment ; but the root of the evil was, in
their opinion, to be found in the worse than useless sys.
tem of short imprisonments. The committee were
opposed to Mr. Hill's recommendation, that all persons
who could not show how they subsisted stiould be'
liable to imprisonment, thinking that it might lead to
great abuse. They were also adverse to the renewal of
the transportation system, if by that phrase were meant
the establishment of a new penal colony, and were
convinced that all the advantages which attended a
penal settlement abroad might be better secured in one
at home. They did not think the ticket•of-leave system
had as yet bad a fair trial.
After reading the report,

Mr. HASTINGS moved that it be adopted and printed,
and further moved the adoption of the following resolu-
tions, embodying the substance of its recommendations :
"1. That the 4th section of the 16th and 17th Via-
sap. 99, ought to be repealed, and that terms of impri.
ionment equal to the former terms of transportation
should be adopted in place of the periods of penal servi-
tude laid down by that section."
"2. That courts of justice ought to be empowered to
inflict, at their discretion, one of such terms of imprison-
ment on any offender convicted of simple larceny, vvi.h.
out any proof of previous conviction of felony."
"3. That it is not expedient to establish a now penal
colony, or to renew the former system of transportation ;
out that it is highly desirable to encourage the emigra-
tion of reformed criminals after they have passed through
proper period of punishment and protection in this
country to such colonies a 3 may be willing to receive
them."

The meeting then proceeded to discuss the resolutions
separately.
Mr. E. WEBSTER moved as an amendment to the pro.
position of Mr. Hastings that the report be simply re-
ceived, and printed for circulation, without the resolu•
tions, and argued in favour of the establishment of a new
penal colony in which new inducements to reformation
should be held out to convicts.

Mr. ELLIOTT, who seconded the amendment, con-
tended that there was no possibility of reforming bar-
,lened criminals without sending them to a penal colony.
Mr. A. PELLATT, M.P., objected to the report on the
ground that it drew no!,distinctian between reclaimed
and nnreclainced criminals, and observed that reforms•
tion for the mass would be impracticable until adequate
provision had been made for the employment of criminals
on their release from confinement. He saw no reason
why an improved system should not be adopted without
a recurrence to transportation.

Mr.T. HILL thought that sufficient facilities existed
for employing criminals in this country, either in agri-
cultural or in manufacturing operations. The only
material difference between the committee and himself
related to the nature or degree of evidence which ought
to be required in courts of justice for the establishment
of guilt. He admitted that that was a question which
required to be well discussed, and that it would be an
evil to make any change that would not meet with ge-
neral concurrence. He did not desire anything that
would endanger the free institutions of the country, but
it must be remembered that freedom to the criminal was
practically slavery to the honest man. (Hear, hear.)
Adverting to transportation, he strongly condemned the
renewal of it in any form, and argued that the best
course would be to increase the accommodation to pri-
soners either in this country or on some island adjacen t
to it.

Mr. J. DILLON thought it ought not to be assumed that
none of the oolonies would receive criminals under any
circumstances, and expr:lsed strong disapproval of the

lenient treatment of criminals.

Mr. HASTINGS, in replying, said he thought the ob-
ject of the committee would be attained by the printing
and circulating of their report.

Lord STANLEY said he might, perhaps, as chairman,
be allowed to make a few remarks. The debate had,
practically, turned on the subject of transportation.
Chat subject divided itself into two distinct questions
first, what they were to do with the criminals while they
were under punishment ; secondly, what they were to

do with thena after their term of punishment had ex-

pirr i. As regarded the first of those questions, he be-
lieved there was a very general agreement among.t all
who had considered the matter, that while a criminal
was actually undergoing his sentence it was in all rd-
spects better to retain him here than to send him
abroad. Under the former arrangement there was no

possibility of his mixing with the home population,
because he was kept secluded ; there were plenty of pub-
lie works upon which he might be employed; they saved
the expense of his passage ; they had a more effective

superintendence than could be obtained on the other side
of the world, and which was a consideration that ought
not to be entirely neglected ; there was a better climate
here than in moat places abroad where public works
could be usefully executed. The real difficulty was met
with when they came to consider the other question—
what they were to do with thbfie whose strictly penal
term had expired. It seemed to him that there were only
three courses which could possibly be adopted. The first
was to send the criminals to colonies which were already
occupied; the second to found new colonies expressly for
the purpose of receiving them; the third, to keep them
in this country, with tickets of leave, or without them.
As to the proposition to send them to colonies which
were already peopled, that was an expedient of which he
altogether despaired. The colonists would not consent to
receive criminals, and no sane man would entertain the
idea of forcing them to do so. It was often said th-re
were particular settlements which would receive a fe
convicts. The reception of a few would not meet the
case ; it would, at the utmost, only postpone for two or
hoe pare the adoption of the remedy which must be

resort ted to at last. The alternative lay between founding
anew colony for criminals, and providing for them at
hot ize. As to the former, it was surrounded with diffi-
cul ties, In the first place, it would be absolutely necea-
ear yto exclude free settlers from any penal colony. A.
ism r penal colony must be exclusively penal ; otherwise
the free settlers would gradually strengthen in influence
till they became the majority, and prevented any further
iml ?ortation of criminate. Even, however, if free settlers
we re excluded, a similar result would ultimately arise.
The convicts who were sent out would have children-
-for of course women would be sent ; and in 30 years
there would be a new generation, consisting of persons
who, being themselves innocent, would object to the im-
portation of criminals as strongly as settlers who had
gone out from England. (Hear.) Besides, there was the
practical question, where were they to find such a place
of transportation as would be required ? (Hear.) As to
selecting a small South Sea island, that was out of the
question. A. large area would be required, for a very
considerable number would have to be sent, and one, if
not the principal, object of sending out criminals would
be to put them in a place where there would be almost
unlimited space for all. Three situations had been named
' —one the northern part of Australia, another Vancou-
ver's Island, the third Hudson's Bay. Now, to every
ono of those locations there was some grave objection.
As to North Australia, there was, in the first place, the
certainty that, whatever the distance might be, the cri-
minals who were lodged there would, when allowed a
certain degree of liberty, find their way sooner or later
to the other Australian settlements. In the next place, it
must be recollected that the whole of Northern Australia
was between the tropic', and that the settlement of Port
Essington, which was founded there, was given up because
the climate was found to be unhealthy. In fact, all ex-
perience showed that in low-lying lands thus situated
the European race degenerated, and its labour was un-
profitable. With regard to Vancouver's Island, he
thought the neighbourhood of the Californian diggings,
and the feelings of the inhabitants of the United States,
were conclusiveobjections to its beingselected. The same
objections did not, indeed, apply to Hudson's Bay ; but
then he believed it would be found that a subsistence was
only to be obtained there by hunting, the climate offering
insuperable objections to the keeping of stock and the
cultivation of land. These considerations, it seemed to
him, disposed of all the localities which had been men-
tioned as available. In this state of things the only
alternative left to them was to try and make the best
of detention at home. On this subject he would remark,
b the first place, that he did not think the ticket-of-
leave system had yet had a fair trial, much less was
responsible for the whole of the outrageous crimes which
had been recently perpetrated. A large number of
men had been discharged from the Militia ; regiments of
the line which had returned home, on being re-
duced, bad naturally got rid of some of their worst cha-
racters ; and owing to those two causes there was no
doubt a larger criminal population than there would
have been under other circumstances. But, in the next
principle oil which the ticket-
rkamtheed had been fairly carried out.
op
fl
-alceea,v he e
systemd i d notwtahsi nf:
'As he understood that system it Was implied that the
residence and occupation of every man having a ticket of
leave should be known, so that if there were merely a
strong suspicion that any such person was getting his
living dishonestly, he should on that ground alone be
called to account. The principle of the ticket-of-leave
system should be applied with much greater strictness
than it had been. Now he would just point out one or
two means by which he thought the existing evil might
be alleviated. It struck him as a great misfortune that
in their prison discipline there was no provision for an
intermediate state between actual seclusion in prison and
absolute freedom of life out of doors. ([bear.) The man
who left prison was bewildered by the new state of things
in which he found himself. Moreover the men who were
the best behaved in prison were often the worst behaved
out of prison—and for this reason, that they were the
men most susceptible to any influence', whether
good or bad, which were brought to bear upon them.
The man who was docile when subject to good influences
was equally docile, perhaps, when placed in contact with
his old eompanions. (Hear.) He thought, therefore,
that one evil which required to be corrected was the
sudden transition from a state of absolute prison seclusion
to a state of absolute freedom. He was also of opinion
that more consideration ought to be given to the recom
mendation of Capt. Maconochie, that the length of a
man's imprisonment should be made to depend to a cer-
tain extent on his own labours. Another question arose,
namely, whether, taking into consideration the state of
employment in this country, and the extreme difficulty
of sending criminals abroad,
it would not be practicable
to provide continued employment for those who
were willing to accept it on public works, er
otherwise, after their discharge from gaol. It was, he
thought, a reproach to the state of the law that a ticket-
of-leave man should be compelled to come before a police
magistrate, as had been the care recently, and say—
" What am I to do ? No one will give me employment."
(Hear.) He would conclude by saying that, though they
did not pretend to see their way out of all these difficul-
ties, they should at least warn the public against trying
vain and fancied remedies. It was better to know that
the problem remained unsolved, than to put trust in some
imaginary solution, which was sure to break down at last.
On a show of hands the amendment was adopt,A, and
the meeting adjourned till that day week.

ANOTHER BRITISH SUBJECT ARRESTED
IN PRUSSIA.

We have to make an announcement to our readers of a
most humiliating nature, and calculated to fill them with
renewed indignation at the low estimate in which the Bri-
tish name and the rights of British citizenship ara held at
this moment by the despots of Europe.
Our readers will remember that, for some time past, a
controversy has been carried on in the columns of this
journal respczting the rights of those of our fellow-citizens
who have acquired by naturalisation the rights of an Eng-
lish subject. Legally speaking, there can be no doubt
whatever as to these sights. They are plainly enough de-
fined by a distinct law ; and, moreover, the certificates
g:anted to all the naturalised subjects contain a clear spe-
cification of the privileges conferred upon them. The Act
to Amend the Laws relating to Aliens contains the follow-
ing precise statement ;—" And be it enacted that, upon
obtaining the certificate and taking the oath hereinafter
prescribed, every alien now residing in, or who shall here-
after come to reside in, any pert of Great Britain or Ire-
land, with intent to settle therein, shall enjoy all the
rights and capacities which a natural-born subject of the
United Kingdom can enjoy or transmit, except th-t
such alien shall not be capable of becoming one of her Mr.
jesty's Privy Council, nor a member of either House
Parliament, nor of enjoying such other rights and capaci.
ties, if any, as shall be specially excepted in and by the
certificate to be granted in manner hereinafter mentioned."
This is surely sufficiently plain ; and it is further con-
firmed by the formula of the certificate itself, which runs
to the effect that the petitioner is admitted " to the full
sights and capacitic: of a natural-bora subject, except the
capacity of becoming a member of the Privy Council, or a
member of either House of Parliament."

Strong in these stipulations of the law, our naturalisc I
fellow-citizens hitherto have fondly believed that, except
the two cases specially mentioned, they enjoyed equal pri-
vileges with ourselves. They thought they were entitled
to all the rights of British subjects; and they laid the
flattering unction to their soul that, in case of any attacks
on their personal freedom in stranger countries, they might
rightfully claim the protection of the English authorities.
This illusion has been sorely disturbed by a recent circular,
emanating from the Home-office. A stereeytyped letter has
been sent round, at the order of Sir George Grey, inti-
mating to every naturalised subject, that " no certificate or
act of naturalisation places him beyond the lawful power
and control of his country, unless he has received from the
Government of such country a certificate of denationalisa-
tion, or been formally released from his original obligations
as a subject or citizen in some other legal way." We need
not say what consternation this circular—which is the
most flagrant contradiction to English law—has created
among the numerous naturalised British subjects in this
country. A subsequent circumstance, however, has even
added to the panic. A gentleman, duly possessed of a cer-
tificate of denationalisation, nevertheless received the
Home-office letter, informing him that, in the event of his
travelling out of England, he became divested of his qua-
lity of English citizen ! And when he demanded an ex-
planation from the proper, quarter, he was favoured, as
one of our correspondents informs us, with another com-
munication from the Secretary of State,
"intimating that,
in spite of his double certificate of naturalisation and de-
nationalisation, he is a British subject at home only, and
not abroad !" -
These suspicious circumstances made it apparent enough
to us that something wrong must be lurking behind this
official letter-writing. Having fresh in our memory the
case of M. Tarr-- kidnapped by the Austrian soldiery, and
obtaining freedom only through the unceasing exertions of
the English press—we considered it a duty to attempt lift-
., lag the veil from the Home-office correspondence, And to

discover whether, perchance, it had connexion with some
shameful event, similar to the illegal arrest of M. Turn
We grieve to say, from the investigations we have made,
that such appears unfortunately to be the case. Sir Geo-
Grey's circular seems to be nothing less than a clumsy
attempt to decline all interference in the case of a natura-
lised British subject who was recently arrested in Saxony,
and handed over afterwards to the sbirris of the King of

Prussia, and is suffering at this moment in a Prussian dun-
geon—awaiting trial before a court-martial, from which
he will, perhaps, receive a sentence of death !

Our readers will be startled at this announcement. Un-
happily the details are such as to leave no doubt of the
gravity of the case.

We are informed that the British subject in question is
M. Ziepel, formerly holding the office of Assistant-Judge,
as well as that of Lieutenant of the Prussian landwehr at
Halberstreat, bnt since 1819 a resident partly in this coun-
try, partly in one of our Australian colonies, and for years
a naturalised English citizen. During the popular move-
ments of 1849, when the Prince of Prussia and his despotic
confederates were about to overthrow German liberty and
to disperse the national Parliament at Frankfort, M.
Ziepel— faithful to his duties as a free man, and faithful,
too, to the then existing Constitution of his country—ap-
pears to have acted in conformity with justice and law,
and opposed the efforts of the absolutist conspiracy. When
the cause of dynastic reaction proved victorious, he
came to England, and acquired here, in due form, the
right of British citizenship, and, with it, the claim to
•a full protection of his personal liberty abroad. After
some years of residence in English Australia, he lately
returned to England, with the intention of definitively
settling here. Shortly after his arrival in London,
however, he started on a visit to Saxony, there to em-
brace an aged mother and to bring over a bride to the land
of his adoption. At Dresden he was recognised and arrested
by the police, handed over to the authorities of the next
Prussian frontier town, Halle, and from thence conducted
as a prisoner to the Prussian fortress of Magdeburg. There
he is still in chains ; and, as far as we are informed, accused
of a heavy catalogue of so-called " crimes," which az e to be
judged by the tender mercies of a Prussian military tri-
bunal—M. Ziepel, on account of his former quality as a
lieutenant of the landwehr, being "still considered as
belonging to the Prussian army !"
We shudder at the thought of what may be the issue to
the unfortunate traveller of these military procedures. A
few years ago that sanguinary sot, the King of Prussia,
caused several privates of the landwehr, who had been
mixed up with the movements of 1849, to be shot on his
very birthday fete. Even should M. Ziepel escape with
life, still—if the hand of Great Britain be denied to him
—it is incalculable what sufferings may be imposed upon
the luckless captive.
In presence of a danger so imminent, we would awake
our Government to a sense of the duty imposed upon it of
securing without delay the release of our fellow-citizen.
It is not now the time to inquire whether the latter has
acted prudently in venturing so close to the Prussian
frontiers as Saxony. The point at issue for us is alone that
he has a right to expect to be saved by us front the fate
which the rathless persecutors have prepared for bins. The
case in his favour is clear and unmistakeable. A natural-
ised alien, who is "admitted to the fall rights arid capaci-
ties of a natural-born subject," ought, legally, to be pro-
tected by Great Britain. even had he ventured to step into
the very territory of Prussia herself. But M. Ziepel is far
from having done so! He has merely ventured into Saxony,
a kingdom the acutest inquisitors of which could not
scent out any matter for accusation against him. Yet he
was arrested by the Saxon police, and treacherously
given up to the vengeance of Frederick Williani IV. It
matters little to us that the Court of Dresden hag a treaty
of extradition with that of Berlin. That treaty may have
power over subjects of Prussia and Saxony ; but it cannot
be advanced as a right of violating the sacred character of
a British subject. If naturalised Englishmen are hence-
forth forbidden to enter every country that has'treaty of
" extradition" with some other despot, the whole Conti-
nent of Europe would soon be shut against them. This
assumption reduces their rights of citizenship to a perfect
farce, inasmuch as it would be a very questionable benefit
to purchase the privileges of a British citizen with such an
onerous clause affixed thereon.
We refrain to-day from further remarks. We content
ourselves for the nonce with the statement of the facts,—
hoping that the voice of popular indignation which was
raised when M. Turr was in the fangs of the Austrian
police, and which again made itself heard when Mi. Morris
Moore had his personal liberty jeopardised by the Berlin
police, will once more call aloud for the rescue of another
of our fellow-citizens from the claws of the Prussian
tyrant.—!horning Advertiser.

THE RECUSTRATION OF TRANSFERS.

The following document has been recently addressed
to the Stock Exchange by the Soutti-Eastern Railway
Company :

" &uth-Eastern Railway, London Terminus,
Secretary's Office, Jan. 1, 1657.
"Dear Sir,—l have pleasure in replyi'g to your in•
quiry, with reference to the px,ctice adopted by the
S iuth-Eastern Railway Company as to t' e registration
of transfers and the issue of certificates of stock and
shares.

"On the receipt of each transfer at this office, a
notice is addressed to the transferer of the stock,'ad-
vising him that a transfer of stock (of the amount
specified) has been lodged with Lve fur immediate regis-
tration.

" The transfers, with the particulars of the stock
certificates received by pest, are entered by me in a
daily list, which is signed for by the transfer clerk, to
whom the documents art then handed fcr examination.
When the transfer clerk has ascertained that the si,zna-
tures are properly attested, and the deeds are sufficiently
stamped, ho acknowledges receipt to the senders by
return of post.
"Those transfers and certificates which are received at
the counter undergo a similar examination, and a receipt
for them is handed to the party who presents them,
which is required to be surrendered, in exchange for the
new certificates issued in the name of the transferee.

"L, cases where stock certificates presented with the
transfers are not exhausted by the issue of new certifi-
cates, and a balance remains to meet future transfers, a
certificate to the effect that the coupons of such balance
of stock are at the office, is entered on the margin of the
deed by which they are transferred, either by myself, or
by Mr. Cox, the transfer clerk.

"The registration of the transfers is proceeded with
by the transfer clerk on the day following their receipt,
as also the preparation of new certificates, which are en-
graved on paper bearing the company's watermark, and
have printed across their face, in large figures, the
amount of the stock or share capital represented by each
piece. A complete list of these is then prepared by the
transfer clerk and hand( d to me, together with the regis
tared transfers, the old certificates, and the new certifi-
cates prepared for re-issue.

"These undergo a further examination, and before
signing the new certificates I ascertain that old certifi-
cates for an equivalent amount of stock are presented,
which, on signature of the new, are cancelled. The docu-
ments are then banded back to the transfer clerk, by
whom the new certificates are then issued. A form or
receipt is at the same time transmitted to the am nts or.
stockbrokers, to be signed by them and returned to ~he
company. _ _ _

"In the Abstract of Transfers' the following parti-
culars are carefully noted :—When and how the certifi-
cates of cancelled stock have been disposed of, To whom
the new certificates of equal amount have been sent, with
the numbers and dates of the respective receipts. The
stock registers are posted up daily, and the postings are
called over and verified periodically.
"In the case of transfers of fixed 41 per cent. shares,
a similar course is adopted, with the addition that. be-
fore the company's seal is affixed to the new certificates,
the cancelled shares are laid before the directors for exa-
mination, after which they are sealed by order of the
board, and are therefore issued.

"The daily lists of transfers, and of certificates of new
stock which have been issued between the intervals of
the meetings of the board, are also laid upon the table
at the regular fortnightly meetings.
"The accuracy of the issue stock and shares ,in the
company undergoes a further complete check at the ter-
mination of each half-yearly period. The dividend lists
are made oat in detail in the transfer-office from the stock
and share registers. In those lists are set forth the names
and addresses in full of each proprietor, the amount of
stock and shares respectively held by them, the gross
amount of dividend apportioned to each, the amount of
income tax deducted, and, lastly, the netnnount of each
dividend warrant. The several columns, on being added
up, must accurately correspond with the gross amount of
dividend declared at the half-yearly meetings of the com-
pany, on the total stock and share capital issued, with the
total amount of income tax deducted from the gross divi-
dend and payable to the Government, and with the net
amount of dividend payable to proprietors. On this verifi-
cation being completed the dividend warrants are prepared
and issued ; on which the lists are handed over to the ac-
countant, who checks the several payments as they are
made and returned by the company's bankers—l am, dear
sir, yours truly, " S. SMILES, Secretary.
"M. Slaughter, Ezq., Secretary to the Rail ways
Department, Stock Exchange."

UNLOOKED•POR COMPLIMENT.—On Friday night last,
after addressing a meeting of the electors, Lieutenant-
General Sir William Codrington proceeded to the Dor.k.
yard station of the North Kent Railway for departure to
London. While waiting here a seaman named Robert
Gardner, son of sub-Lieutenant Gardner, of the Royal
Sappers and Miners, advanced to the gallant General
and presented him with a full dress sword, which he bad
taken from the house of the Russian Governor at Yalta
during the occupation of that town by the British troops.
General Codrington, who was taken by surprise at the
circumstance, accepted the present with hearty thanks.
,
TITLES OP ENGLISH KINGS.—The first King's
speech" ever delivered was by Henry I. in 1107.
Exactly a century later,' King John assumed the royal
" We :" it had never before been employed in England.
The same monerch has the credit of having been the first
English King who claimed for England the sovereignty
of the seas. "Grace" and "my Liege" were the ordi-
nary titles by which our Henry IV. was addressed.
" Excellent Grace" was given to Henry VI. who was
not the one nor yet had the other. Edward IV, was
"Most High and Mighty Prince." Henry VIT. was
the first English "Highness." Henry VIII. wds the
first complimented by the title of ;" iVhjesty ;', and
James I. prefixed to the last title "Sacred and_Most
Axcellent."—Nonaras.Retincl froin

RUSSIA AND THE CIRCASSIASS.

_~

(Prom the Morning Herald.)

The Russians are at their old game with the
Circassians, and, if the intelligence recently re-
ceived be correct, have lost the last move. There
has been, it would seem, a great battle at Bayuk,
in which the Russians came to the attack with
10,000 men, and were defeated, with the loss of
nearly 2,000, besides several guns. Further de-
tails are wanting ; but enough is known to satisfy
all devout believers in the moderation and inoffen-

sive character of Russia, that, if ever she suspends
her military operations, it is in order to prepare
for more extensive and effective operations, and
that she is as intent to-day in removing the Circas-
sian barrier as she has been at any time since 1783,
when she occupied the country between the bend
of the Den and the northern slopes of the Cau-
casus. The Paris Conference has . completed its
work we are told—the neutralisation of the Black
Sea being one of its ostensible objects ; but to say
nothing of •-_,her advantages and opportunities en-
joyed by Russia for regaining her command over
those waters, she has been permitted to retain all
the places of strength on the coast of Abasia ; and
the Russian plenipotentiary, at the moment that
ho affixed his signature to the recent protocol,
knewperfectly well that a Russian army was on
foot in Circassia, and that it is the hardly-con-
cealed intention of the Russian Government to get
hold of the eastern seaboard of the Euxine, if they
are not already in full possession of it. Now, of
this intention the British Government has had
abundant notice. Before the treaty of peace was
concluded Lord Palmerston was asked whether
the forts on the coast of Circassia were to be re-
stored to Rtissia, and the consequences certain to
ensue from such a policy were at the same time
fully pointed out.' The First Minister replied,
that there was nothing to apprehend from the
restoration of the forts in question to the Res--
sians, and, therefore, that no provision would
be made respecting them in the treaty. It appears
that Russia has profited by the consideration
manifested by her recent foes. Not only are those
forts now garrisoned by Russians, but Russian
cruisers watch the coast, and but the other day
committed so serious au outrage upon Turkish
commerce as to call for the interference of our
admiral in the Black Sea. We are at a loss to
comprehend how the common sense of Englishmen
can be imposed upon by provisions so hollow as
those of the treaty of March, glossed over though
they be by the specious language of my Lord Pal-
merston. So far as the neutralisation of the Black
Sea is concerned, if by that term is meant its free-
dom from Russian control, except that the fleet at
Sebastopol has been sunk, and some time must
elapse before that which is now being built at,
Nicolaieff is fit for sea, there is nothing that we
kfiow of to prevent Russia dominating as before
in the " interior waters" of Turkey. AU the
places we had wrested from her we have delibe-
rately restored. In exchange for the nominal
freedom of the Danube we consented to replace
her in all her positions of offence from Odessa to
the Don, and from the Don to Fort San Nicholas.

We all know that Russia never yet respected a
treaty when it was her interest to break it, and,
when we have not only applied the inceirive bu
afforded the ready opportunity for violating her
latest engagement., we are led to believe that she
will be peculiarly sensitive respecting it. There
is something almost incredible in the credulity
of Englishmen ; but they are commonly shrewd
enough in the ordinary affairs of life, especially
when their pockets are touched. The late war
has cost the country one hundred millions, to
say nothing pl,l7the sacrifice of human life. This
price was paid cheerfully, because it was be-
lieved that we had arrested the danger and
the nuisance arising from Russian aggression.
What if that money might as well have been sunk
in the waters of the Black Sea itself for any sub-
stantial benefit which has or is likely to arise from
the expenditure ? What, if five years hence Russia
has more than repaired all her losses, laughs at th•
production of the Paris Congress, as she laughs at
this moment at our credulity, and once more lords

t in the south, if she does not striktOionne that

long-meditated blow at the city of the Sultan with
a rapidity and success which will astonish 'Western
Europe ?
There are public writers who, to carry on the
farce, tell us that the moral effect of the war has

told against Russia amongst the nations of Europe
—that it has controlled leer aggressive policy, and
taught the wild feudatories of Central Asia to doubt
the invincibility of her arms. This teaching may
suit the views of those who resort to it, but it has
no foundation in fact. The result of the late cam-
paigns, especially the defence of Sebastopol, arc
considered throughout Europe as eminently credit-
able to Russia, and have raised her military cha-
racter to the same extent that they have depressed
OUT own. She•is looked upon throughout the Con-
tinent as having maintained a conflict single-handed
against the two most powerful nations of Western
Europe, aided by states of known gallantry and
even of military renown ; and as having retired
from the struggle with dignity and honour. As
to the people of Asia, we need only refer to the
fall of Kars, and the more recent movements along
the Caspian, in proof of the absurdity and false-
hood of any suggestion of their loss of confidence
in the mighty Czar. We repeat what we have as-
serted, that we have lost not only money, but re-
putation by the war, and that the peace is a trans-
parent imposition, and we have only to hope that
the representatives of the people will demand from
the Government a statement of what we have
gained by our war expenditure so far, before they
consent to the continued imposition of a war tax.

xi. :1; I

DUBLIN, MONDAY MORNING.
LORD CARLISLE AND THE CORK CONSERVATIVES.
The advice tendered by the Cork Protestant As-
sociation with respect to the selection of a succesor
to the late Dr. Wilson has elicited the following
Viceregal reply :

" Vice-regal-lodge, Jan. b.
" Sir,—l am directed by the Lord-Licutenant to ac-
knowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday, •tnd the
memorial which you have transmittc-I to .him. IE4
Excellency is fully aware of the solemn responsibility
which devolves upon him upon the occasion of the
lamented vacancy in the diocese of Cork.--LI am, s!r,
your very obedient servant,

" FRED. HOWARD.
" Mr. R B. Tooker, the Mardyke,
According to Saul; ders' s News Letter of this morn-
ing it is believed iu well-informed circles that the
bishopric will fall to the lot either of the Yen.
Archdeacon Fitzgerald, domestic chaplain to the
Archbishop of Dublin, or to the Rev. John Gregg,
minister of Trinity Church, Gardener-street. Dr.
Fitzgerald is, or was, a supporter of the National
system; Mr. Gregg, on the contrary, is, and always
has been, its most strenuous opponent. The average
income of the vacant see is but 2,0001. a year, but
the ecclesiastical patronage is a fair set-off for the
smallness of the revenue.

LAW APPOINTMENT.
Mr. Edward Griffin, son of the Lord Bishop of
Limerick, has been appointed by the Attorney-
General supernumerary Crown prosecutor for the
county of Limerick in the room of Mr. De Moleyns,
Q.C., promoted one of the permanent Crown prose-
cutors, vice Mr. M. Barry, appointed to au Aus-
tralian judgeship.