The Sun.
London, England, 1861-02-14 00:00:00

OUR TRADE WI7II LOMBARDY.

The " correspondence relating to Italy," which
has been laid before Parliament, contains a report
from Mr. Consul General Otway, dated Milan,
January 10, 1861,70 n the commerce of Lombardy
and the way in which it has been affected by the
annexation to Piedmont. He states that most of the
articles which reach Milan from England come
through Genoa, where the duty is paid, and it
has not been in his power to procure any official
account of the British merchandise which finds its
way into Lombardy. He considers that trade is
kept slack by the unwillingness of purchasers to
have large stocks by them until political affairs
become more settled and reassuring, and the youth
of the country who have been running after mili-
tary adventure return to their trades and profes-
sions. Nevertheless, ho learns from private sources
that the trade with England has already become
more active than before, in consequence of the
introduction of the customs' tariff of ancient Pied-
mont, with very moderate duties in comparison
with the preceding Austrian tariff, under which
indeed the trade with this country was extremely
limited, and in fact principally contraband,
owing to the differential duties in favour of the
countries of the Zollverein. One of his
informants states that the import of printed
cottons and woollen stuffs from England has sen-
sibly increased; cottons, he says, have doubld,
and the woollen goods of Yorkshire are in great
request. But France and Belgium produce ar-
ticles which are considered finer and of better taste
than the English; and the lace and other manu-
factures of Nottingham are gone out of fashion or
superseded by the finer French and Belgi▪
an pro-
ductions. Sheffield and Birmingham goods, which
were almost prohibited, now enter at a very low
duty, and the import of them, cannot but i▪
ncrease.
The finer linens of Belfast, also, will now be im•
ported more largely ; but, as to the inferior quali-
ties, there is an
.opinion that the native manufac-
ture is more solid. Silk stuffs for ladies' dresses
are "generally imported from Lyons, where they
are manufactured at a cheaper rate than the Eng-
lish. The importation of iron from
England is
described to the Consul as having much in-
creased, "to the serious
bard production, i prejudice of our own Loin
-11 prejudice
of the lower
prices, although in various sorts English iron is of
inferior quality to ours. As for tho principal export
of Lombardy, silk, the Englishdemandhas dwindled
almost to nothing within these four years, owing
to the high price, and the Chinese and Asiatic
silks have superseded it; but the question of
merit between the two cannot be solved, until the
cessation of the malady which has prevailed in
Lombardy and damaged the:quality of its produce
—for which, however, there is no lack of markets,
, though London is not now among them.

"No one can regret more than I do the course
which the Government has taken in regard to Re-
form, and the tone which Lord John Russell thought
fit to assume in speaking of it. But approving, as
I do heartily, his policy and theirs on the question
which is now most important of all, the preservation
of the peace of Europe, and contrasting it with the
ill•defined, but, to my mind, most dangerous views
put forward by Mr. Disraeli, I could not think it
right to play into the hands of the Opposition by
joining in attacks on the Government, where BO
practical end was to be obtained by doing so.
" The vote of Tuesday night simply amounted to
a declaration that it was not then desirable to pass
censure on Ministers for the omission of Reform in.
the Queen's Speech. Many Liberal members, I am.
aware, left the house in order not to vote at all.
My opinion, formed on the grounds I have stated,
was a very decided one, and I thought it the more
consistent course to express that opinion by my
vote.
" With regard to my notice of amendment to Mr.
Locke King's motion, I have no doubt whatever
that when the debate comes on I shall be able to
justify my conduct. There may be some truth in
the common saying, that a select committee is often
used for shelving inconvenient questions, but the
case is different when, for all practical purposes, the
question is already on the shelf.
" You say that others have taken the same view
of my conduct that you have done. You are, of
course, at liberty to communicate this letter to them
and indeed you will oblige me by doing so.—l am,
yours very faithfully, EDWARD WARNER.
" Westminster Palace Hotel, London, S.W.,
February 8."

111.
(Reply.)
" Norwich, Feb. 9.

" Dear Sir,—l beg to acknowledge your favour of
the Bth instant. I do not for a moment suppose
that you have acted otherwise than with perfect
conscientiousness in the vote you gave on Tuesday
night, as well as in the notice of amendment on
Mr. Locke King's motion for the extension of the
county franchise. All who know you will bear
ready testimony to your honesty of purpose and
unflinching adherence to principle.
" I cordially concur, too, in your warmly expressed
approbation of the foreign policy of Lord John
Russell, and should be sorry to furnish Lord Derby
and Mr. Disraeli with an opportunity of giving offi-
cial importance to their Austrian and despotic ten-
dencies.
" Nevertheless, I cannot accept your-conclusions
on the subject of parliamentary reform; nor:give
you reason to think that the explanation of your
conduct with reference to it will be satisfactory to
that portion of your supporters who, like myself,
advocate a full, fair, and free representation of the
people in Parliament..
" An earnest advocacy of the Ministerial foreign
policy is not incompatible with a legitimate and
thorough development of our representative in-
stitutions. The Cabinet, to say the least, has
trifled with the question of parliamentary reform.
They have invited defeat by languid advocacy, and
then tamely acquiesced in it as a thing inevitable.
On Tuesday night the liberal members had a fine
opportunity of rebuking this half-hearted policy,
and demanding from the Ministry the faithful fulfil-
mept of their pledges to the country on their
acceptance of office.
"It is an old Tory argument to deny that the
present is the proper time for reform. If left to
them, the right opportunity would never come. I
regret that you are influenced by the bugbear of
Tory ascendancy. If the Government were in
earnest on reform, only let the Tories defeat them,
and then an appeal to the country would soon settle
the question, and render them omnipotent for good,
alike as to their home and foreign policy.
" Referring more especially to Mr. Locke King's
Imotion, you observe that your amendment will not
shelve it, because 'it is already on the shelf.' But
who put it there? and why paralyse the hand that
I would remove it from its quiet resting-place ? It
has been shelved because the Ministry undertook
themselves to carry the measure, and, failing to
I fulfil their engagment, the natural guardian assumes
the parental care of the child, which for a time he
' I had delegated to other, but, as it proves, less faith-
, ful protectors. It does not appear to me to be
consistent with an honest desire for the well-being
of the child to interfere in theresumpt ion of parental
authority. The attempt to thwart Mr. Locke King
• I might consistently come from the Tory benches ;
but when a reformer suggests the impediment to
his success it inevitably raises the suspicion of
treason to the cause itself.

" I do not for a moment believe that you contem-
plate anything of the kind; but I am at a loss to
anticipate the argument which will preface the
amendment, and which will result in a different
conclusion,—l am, dear sir, yours faithfully,
" j, C.
" To Edward Warner, Esq., M.P."

HOLIDAYS AND "FOLLOIVERS" FOE

SERV:ANTS.

Dr. Guthrie, in the course of a speech at Biggar, the
other day, said:—" I want every servant to have a holiday,
and liberty within certain bounds ; and that is not liberty
that has no bounds, but license. (Cheers.) Well, I re-
collect a servant who went to London, and she was hired
there on condition that ' she was to have no followers:
Now, I say is there a woman in this house who
would not rebel against such a rule ? (Laughter and loud
cheers.) It is a most monstrous thing. Why, the world
would come to an end before many years if that rule was
to take place. (Laughter.) And what is the world to do ?
(Renewed laughter.) I say that is not the way to treat a
servant. No good servant would like to have boundless
liberty, but I say that every servant should have liberty
to have their holiday, and that every servant should have
liberty to see their lad in a decent hour. (Laughter and
cheers.) I say any attempt to fly in the face of the laws
of nature and Providence can only lead to mischief.
(near, hear.) And to prevent a decent servant girl being
courted is folly in the first
instance, for she will be
courted whether you will or no. (Laughter and cheers.)
And, in the second place, to refuse a servant girl proper
time and opportunities for being courted is to drive them
into dangerous times of being courted. (Hear, hear, and
cheers.) Therefore, my rule is, that between the houi.s
of seven and nine o'clock at night the servant shall
have freedom to introduce into the kitchen any re-
spectable lad that may be paying his addresses to her.
(Loud cheers.) But then a servant has friends, and neigh-
bours, and acquaintances in town. Well, she is as well
entitled to see them as the master and mistress are to see
their friends. (Applause.) Why, there is as good a heart
within a servant's breast, and as good a brain within a
servant's head, as in mine, and I nay that to deny a servant
the innocent gratification of those feelings of love and
friendship that are common to all classes, is a cruelty and a
crime. (Cheers.) That is what I say. But how do we
meet that in our house ? Why, it is met thus—once a felt-
night the servants in our house have an opportunity in
their turn of going out between certain hours of an evening,
throwing dishclouts and coppers, and pots and pans at their
heels—(laughter)—and dressing up and spending the whole
evening visiting their acquaintances ; and they do their
work in my house far better on that account. (Cheers.)
That is the way to treat servants, and I will venture to say
that if servants were always treated in that way, their mas-
ters would find that it was no loss, but a great benefit to
themselves." (Cheers.)

OY A 1., ENISLISII OPERA,
COVENT-GARDEN.
e and Mr. W.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Fyn
Harrison, Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, THE SONG OF HIAWATHA,
Miss Matilda AeroneMadame Palmieri, Mr. St. Albyn, Mr.
H. Corr', Mr. Wallwortb.
Followed by Balfe's SATANELLA. Miss Louisa Pyne,
Miss Thirlwall ; Mr. Win. Harrison, Mr. H. Cord, Mr. H.
Wharton, tze..
Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon. Commence at Seven.

THEATRE-ROYAL,
B. BuckHs to AneYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. .
TATG
'ETRNINn, the performances will commence with
THE RIVALS. Sir Lucius O'TrLger, Mr. John Brougham;
Lydia Languish, Miss Fanny Stirling.
After which, a new Pantomime, QUEEN LADYBIRD
ANI) HER CHILDREN. The Paotomimists by the un-
rivalled Leclenge, Herr Cole, and Fanny Wright.
Commence at 7.

VOYAI, PR TNCE SS'S THEATRE.-
t Lessee and Manager. Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, DON C/ESAR DE BAZAN. Don
pp
Cmsar. Mr. Fechter. Su Messrs. Basl Potter,
F. Matthews, J. G. Shore, Missorted M. Harris, Miss C. Leclercq,
and Mrs. Weston.
After which, a new Christmas comical pantomme, en
King
titled
ROBINSON CRUSOE ; or, Harlequin Friday, and the
of the Caribbe Islands : in which Monsieur
Eos tapinos theatres a and
Marie Dumilatre, of the principal cantinenl
will appear. Clown. Mr. A. F. Forrest

THEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM.
Sots Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
THIS EV KNING the new drama, THE HOUSE ON THE
BRIDGE OF NOTE 141 DAME. Principal characters by
Mr. G. Vining, Mr J. Johnstone, Mr. Villiers, Mr. Clifford,
Mr. John Rouse, Mr. Forrester, Mr. Morris ; Miss M.Ternan,
Miss K. Saville, MISS L. Thompson, and Madame Celeste.
Alter which, the Lyceum Christmas Comic Extravaganza,
CRYSTABELLE or, The Rose without a Thorn, showinw
ruE visioNi OF A ROSE. ITS FADING AT EVE,
AND THE MAY-BLOOM OF THE WILD BRIAR.
To conclude with a new Divertissement. Miss Lydia
Thompson, &C.

AD FILPITT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
snip proprietor and Manager. Mr. Beni. Webster.
THIS EVENING, AN UGLY CUSTOMER. Messrs. J.
L. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E.
Thorne.
After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bouokault, D.
Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer.
Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and
Mrs. Chatterley.
To conclude with a new Burlesque Extravaganza, entitled
BLUE EARD FRM A NW POINT OF HUE.
Messrs... L. Toole. P.O Bedford. C.E J. Smith; Miss Woolgar,
K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and L!. Thorne.
Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.
Box-office open from 10 till 5.
No charge for booking.
Private boxes, Z 2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l.
Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle
GSt allery, alls,
Od.
is.
Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, s. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ;
/toting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

A STT,EY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager. Mr. WM. BATTY.
rIL,
Immense success of " Turpin's Ride to York."
A Grand Morning Performance will take place on Friday,
Feb. 15, commencing at two o'clock with the Pantomime.
THIS EVENING. will be reproduced TUR PIN'S RIDE
TO YORK, ArID THE DEATH OF BLACK BESS, in
which the Brothers Edwin will appear with their celebrated
Steed Black Bess.
To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena, supported by
talented Parisian and British Artistes.
Concluding with Batty's Prize Equestian Comic Panto—
mime, for Good Little Boys and Girls, by T. L. Greenwood,
•entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE WONDERFUL
_HORSE ,• or, Percinet and Grociosa, the Ugly Duchess and
the Greedy King, produced with Gorgeous Scenery, by-Mr.
Cnthbert, new Costumes and Appointments, and introducing
in the comie scenes Ratty's Prize Equestrian Harlequinade,
and the celebrated Old Bob Ridley.
Boa-office open aily from till 4
Stage Manager II
Mr. W. WERT.
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson.
Commence at 7.

C ANTE IRBURY-HALL CONCERTS !! !
A Grind Selection from Verdi's Opera,
IL CORSARO,
consisting of the following Morceaux:—
Prelndio.
Coro Scena "Tutto parca Sorridere"
Coro di Odalische •• . " Oh qual perenne"
Cayatina ... "Vola talor dal Carcere"
Coro ed inno
Scena ed Aria " Cento leg,giadre Vergini"
Terzetto Finale "Vol tacete io non"
will shortly be produced, in the orignal key and Italian
language—the first time of performance in this country—in
addition to the usual attractions.
Mr. F. JONGHMANS, Musical Director.
Also in preparation, Selections from Verdi's New Operas,
Ballo in Maschera," "Simon Boccanegra ;" and Flo-
tow's celebrated Opera of "Stradella."

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
DAY.—Morning, 4h. 36m.—Afternoon, 4h. 53m
Todmoßßovi.-Morning, 612. 10m.—Aftemoon, sh. 24m

TIIIC WEATHER.—Sun Orrin, FEB. 14, 1361.
THERMOMETER, IN TSB MAIM
41—highest since noon yesterday.
29—lowest this morning and during the night.
43—this day at noon.
Bsnownrint-29.57.
Wtxr.--variable; dull weather.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 14, 1881

So, then, Gaeta has really at last fallen ! The
capitulation, it will be seen, took place yesterday.
Early this morning General CIALDINI was to
occupy, has, of course, by this time, occupied
Mont Orlando and all the fortifications. The
departure of the young ex• King and the Royal
Family w )uld follow immediately afterwards with
all reasonable expedition. And when the fallen
Monarch, his young Queen-wife, and their suite
should have really left that last stronghold of the
Sicilian Sovereignty, quitting the shores of their late
kingdom on board the Imperial French line-of-
battle ship /a Mouette—then was to follow in like-
manner the occupation of the city of Gaeta by the
victorious Sardinians.

Now that the conflict has actually terminated—
while we still cannot do otherwise than regret from
our inmost heart the lamentable waste of life which
has been fruitlessly caused by the long and stubborn
stand made there at Gaeta by the fugitive Bourbon
ruler of the Neapolitans—it is impossible not to
recognise, it would be unjust not to admit
that, so far, this unhappy young man has fallen,
sword in hand, as became a soldier. In quitting
Gaeta he will have to pass under no Caudine
Forks of ignominy. He leaves the city and the
citadel with the honours of war. Sardinia and
France alike evidence in this, plainly enough,
their recognition of what is due there to a
valiant defence, however bootlessly prolonged—
France by sending a vessel thither to receive the
youthful couple w ho are again fugitives—Sardinia
by the very terms consented to in this final
treaty of capitulation.
It is especially noticeable in regard to the course
taken in these later proceedings by General
CIALDINI that that gallant officer, as best became
him, maintains all the honourable conditions
which he offered before having obtained these,
his latest, successes. This is as it should
be. It is the conduct of a heroic foe—
of a victor who knows not only how to triumph,
but how to triumph most magnanimously.
One of the most sagaciously conceived conditions
thit could well have been extorted from the van-
quished Bourbon soldiery, is the one requiring that
the defeated garrison at Gaeta shall remain prisoners
of war—until Messina and Civitella del Tron to shall
have been surrendered up to the Sardinians. That
is something like a " material guarantee" for the
final settlement of that " lengthened [contest] long
drawn out" there in the South between the ex-
few faithful adherents and his revolted
People, headed in their successful revolt now by the
Sardinians, butoriginally by the Garibaldians.
It was with reason, then, that we spoke yesterday
of those latest doings at Gaeta being nothing less
than the " beginning of the end" of the great
movement for the liberation of the Roman Peninsula.
Hitherto it has been to Gaeta that the aspirants of
the cause of reaction have looked for the encourage-
ment of their fast faded hopes. The flame of the de-
fence made there behind those strong ramparts by
FRANCIS 11., and the last remnant of his other-
wise defeated and scattered forces,
was the pharos
still burning, as it were, upon a conspicuous moun-
tain top in the sight of all. And it was still

being hoped against hope, by the Reactionists in 1
Europe, that the flame of that Royal pharos might

eventually rekindle the far-spreading conflagration
of a counter re volutionary movement. Those hopes
have now—vi ith the pharos itself—been extin-
guished. Th e defence of Gaeta is no longer
continued. 1 The ex-King sheathing his
sword, is allowed to take it away with
him untarnisheki. His Queen goes with him as a
matter of course, and, together with his Queen, his
suite, or personal entourage. The garrison alone
remains behind—held, no less securely than the
city and the fortress they have been so long
defending, in the possession of their conquerors,
CIALDINI and his Sardinians.
Almost immediately prior to the final capitula-
tion of Gaeta another powder magazine, it appears,
was blown up by a successful hit on the part of
the Sardinian bombardment. Another incident of
the siege, which also occurred directly before the
close of it, was the total destruction of the Tran-
sylvania bastion. But worse almost than any of
those occurrences to the defenders ; far more dis-
heartening and discouraging to the councils of the
young KING, must have been the total and
absolute failure of every attempt made to
light anew in Calabria and the Abruzzi the flames
of the reactionary insurrection, supposed by some
to be still smouldering there, but really long since
trampled out, and to all appearance finally ex-
tinguished. According to the last advices
received from Naples under date only yes-
terday, an emissary was said to have been
despatched very recently from Gaeta by the
Court—to call upon the Calabrians to rise in
behalf of their ancient sovereign. This emissary,
captured on his way thither, was found upon his
arrest near Cozenza to be the bearer of papers of
some "importance—the next line of the telegram
bringing us these tidings being simply the intima-
tion " Calabria is tranquil." Rather an anti-climax
considering the purpose of the expedition. Yet
there is the fact—Calabria is tranquil. And there,
too, is that other fact—not like the news from
Calabria, an indication of negative good to the
popular cause, but as clearly as any event, warlike
or pacific, could be, the attestation of a positive
and instantly appreciable advantage—Gaeta has
fallen, and has been taken possession of by the Sar-
dinians.

Everything goes well for the cause of Italian
Unification. Difficulties are one after another dis-
appearing. Matters are everywhere being sim-
plified. And what is most remarkable in all this
is the conspicuous truth that events in Italy seem
in this way to be righting themselves. It is
as if they were being shaken together
so happily, so opportunely, that according
to the whimsical symbolism of the late
witty and reverend SYDNEY SMITS, the round
man drops into the round hole, the square man into
the square hole, the oval into the oval, the poly-
gon into the polygon. And now at Gaeta an
oddly-shaped little man, who fitted nowhere, not
even into that queer out of the way hole (in the
corner) yonder at Gaeta, has been opportunely
shaken out of Italy altogether as positively obnoxi-
ous—a nuisance and a superfluity.
The capitulation, recently arranged at Gaeta,
must have been agreeable news to the Hermit of
Caprera. It is an event that completes what he
himself so magnificently commenced, and with a
few lightning sweeps of his great sword, to all
intents and purposes, so far as he wished it, at
the time, triumphantly accomplished. The rest
will follow—and by the rest we mean (be sure of
that) something better than the fall of Gaeta
and Messina, and Civitella del Tronto. Yet, the
.
next will follow in due course—including the
solution of the problem of Venetia, of the Qua-
drilateral of the whole question of Italian uni-
fication.

Little lessons for little folk. On this well known
principle the House of Commons is now com-
mencing afresh its Reform education. Hitherto,
the RUSSELL and DISRAELI teaching has proved to
be in advance of its capacities, and very prudently
it is now undergoing a course of " preparatory"
instruction, under the care of Messrs. DIGBY SEY-
MOUR, BAINES, COLLIER, LOCKE KING, Sir G. C.
LEWIS, and Lord ENFIELD ; other professors will
doubtless make their appearance, and if they do but
show themselves in sufficient number, we shall see
our House of Commons educated almost to the
comprehension of a RUSSELL Reform Bill without
knowing it. All who have ever attempted to in-
struct the slow of comprehension well know how
often, when baffled in endeavouring to impart
knowledge in a mass, they have succeeded bp break-
ing it up intoiragments of dimensions adapted to
the powers of the pupil. We cordially wish suc-
cess to the gentlemen who have commenced such a
useful and unpretentious course this session ; and
we almost venture to hope that the House will mas-
ter some
.of the elements which they are endeavour-

ing to impart.
Mr. KING'S lesson it has almoSt learned twice,
but forgotten it again,—" All men of ten pounds
rent should have a vote alike." Mr. SEYMOUR'S it
has never yet mastered ; it talked over it, like other
idle scholars last year, instead of learning it,—" Six
pounds of rent should have a vote in a bo-rough
(pronounce burrow)"—between Mr. BAINES and
Mr. SEYMOUR why should not the lesson be learned
this session ? Lord ENFIELD, whom Sir G. C.
LEWIS desires to push aside we suppose, has a very
moderate little lesson in geographical electoral
reform,—" Four seats have been lost by two bad
bo-roughs, give two of them to Ken-sing-ton and
Chel-sea." Next comes Mr. COLLIER, he would
teach the members for great boroughs and cities
how to save a geat part of their expenses,—" No
man shall pay for a cab to car-ry a vo-ter to the
poll." Mr. BERKELEY Will, we may anticipate, be
the last instructor ; but he has found the house
hitherto intolerably stupid under his teaching.
GROTE and MOLESWORTH tried to communicate the
lesson by the most perfect and easy reasoning ; Mr. '
BERKELEY has given it seasoned with funny little
jokes, but the house is sadly dull, at least so
it seems to us who have learned it so long—it is,
however, possibly, a kind of political " pons
asinorum," for some of our legislators seem as if
they never could " see it" or" catch it"—yet how
easy it looks. " All shall fold up their votes, and
put them through a slit into a box, so that no one
can see how they vote ; then no bad men can buy
their votes, or can hurt them for vot-ing as they
Mr. BERKELEY has, however, made
of renewing his course of entertain-
nthoinskigrnigyhett."
lessons on the Ballot, though we have no doubt
he will do so. Mr. COLLIER has already put the
house through his lesson a first time.
For ourselves we cordially approve of Mr.
COLLIER'S measure, and strongly advise that it
should be pressed as a short and separate bill. Our
House of Commons is too great for great acts. Were
it a smaller body, a committee of half a dozen
or so, it might carefully consider and get through
with a large measure ; but to think of more than
six hundred men, most of them anxious to show
what they can say on a subject, discussing any
large and complete bill, and getting through with
it in decent time, is hopeless. Sir RICHARD
BETHELL has found this out to his cost in a matter
altogether non political ; and though it cannot be
doubted that last year's Bankruptcy Bill, with a