The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-19 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

11HEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM.
A_ sots Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
Last Two Nights of the Season.
THIS EVENING, THE SECRET.
Atter which, MEDEA. Miss Matilda Heron.
To be followed by HANDY ANDY. Handy Andy, Mr.
John Draw.
To conclnde with a Ballet.

ROYAL PRINCES S'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manatrer, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore,
Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclereq.
Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fcchter. Sup-
ported by Hermann Vezin, Ryder, Meadows, &C. ; Misses
Heath, Elsworthy, and R. Lcclercq.

NEW THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, the new drama, MAGLIORE, THE
PRESTIDIGIVIOR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole,
D. Fisher, &c; Miss IC. Kelly, Miss H. Simms, (to.
To be followed by a new apropos Sketch, THE CENSUS.
Messrs. .T. 1.. Toole, Eburne, Romer, C. J. Smith ; Miss
Sate Kelly, Miss E. ohorne, and Mrs. Chatterley.
After which, THE FOOL OF THE FAMILY. Mr. Pau'
Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, 3liss Laidlaw, and Miss Julia
Daly,

Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor.. ..... .C. Morton.
A Grand Saection trom
COBS Rep Verdre new Opera,
IL

(This opera has never been produced In this or any other
except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
country,
cided success which charactise 1 the most popular works of
this gr,:qtt Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
tociether with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
mI,,,NTO, by Donizettl,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
c. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a shOrt time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 7h. 51m.—Afternoon, Sh. 40m.
To-monnow.-Morning, 9h. 11.m.—Afternoon, 9h. 5Sm.

THE WEATHER.—SUN Opytos, APRIL 19, 1 61.
THERMOMETER, IN THIS SHADR.
sJ—highest since noon yesterday.
40—lowest this morning and during the night.
4S—this day at noon.

BAIZOMnETER-30.21.
WlND—North-Easterly—fresh; with fine weather, but
cold.

• 0VT.0.0 I. Ai 4
A. 41 _
• 4 e
az,c 4,0
_
14; L Y,.t f 1. • -"
t) n/To Ur
• •

THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 1881.

" Government must and shall hear us or Europe
shall." Such, according to one letter from Warsaw,
is the language of the Poles. Once more this
cruelly oppressed nation is resolved to be heard,
even if it be struck with the bullet and the sabre of
the Cossack to gain a hearing. Poland understands
that it is useless now to shed its blood in battle, for
all disarmed, as it is, and garrisoned with its well
equipped oppressors, fight in the field is a hopeless
reliance. But with a unanimity unknowa before,
all classes seem to think that Europe will not look
on unresisting martyrdom, for what Europe herself
guaranteed Poland in 1815, as patiently as she
looked on Russian atrocities, aided by the com-
plicity of Prussia in 1831. Then, even, Poland was
but resisting the grossest infractions of treaty rights.
Europe, however, seemed to have settled down to the
conviction that NICHOLAS was to crush by his
relentless bloody will everything that opposed it.
And the Poles, after superhuman prodigies of
valour, were obliged to yield to overwhelming
numbers, and to troops sheltered by Prussia, when
they escaped the Poles by marching within her
frontier, while, if the Poles passed it, they were
immediately disarmed ! The conduct of Prussia in
that war of a noble people, her patronage of the
strong and her weakening the weak, are among the
many things which compel Englishmen to regard
her as one of the meanest of States; weak
- Poland, weak Switzerland, weak Denmark—for
a fight with any of these feeble powers,
llrl.B cowardly people are ever ready—we
do not wish for war, anywhere, but when we
remember these things it makes one almost wish
that she should try her strength single-handed
with an antagonist on the Rhine. In that case,
Prussia ought to be left to take her chance, and to
be reminded that she did worse than leave the Poles
to take theirs in 1831.
The conduct of Russia in the present case is inex-
plicable. The Cz.sit doubtless foresaw that ho was
to enter upon a struggle with Poland, like, in many
respects, to that of Austria with Hungary. He
probably would have been glad enough to have
escaped such a contest, yet he ought to have known
his own. mind. There was little or no likelihood of
an armed insurrection. The Agricultural Society,
which was more or less at the head of the movement,
was free from any such intention or even thought.
It had not attempted the slightest preparation for
it. llad the CZ IR seen fit in the first instance to
speak in the tone of his savage father, there would
have been deep disappointment, even just indigna-
tion ; but there would have been no insurrection.
But the Viceroy, under his master's instructions,
seemed to be inclined to something like fairness
and moderation. Unjust intimations were, indeed,
thrown out against imaginary seditious leaders,
but reforms were promised and specified,
and the air assumed of readiness to re-
cognise the treaty rights of the kingdom. Then
lir.iddenly the CZAR, for we fear the orders
came from St. Petersburg, ordered bloody suppres-
sion of unarmed assemblies. These meetings might
have been so easily at first peremptorily forbidden,
and in that case would almost certainly not have
been attempted, that it is difficult to believe the
CZAR and his advisers did not deliberately plan a
scheme for wholesale military murder, thinking it
would be a wholesome lesson to the entire king-
dom of Poland. The conduct of the authorities
could not have been better planned had this been
their object. They owe it to Europe to peoce that
it was not so. The very intimations sent to all the
Courts of Europe were calculated to lure the Poles
to the unarmed and peaceful manifestations in
which they indulged, as well as to mislead foreign
Governments.

"While we write it would seem likely, from the
fiery
last accounts, that excitement is extending
thre
_ll‘thout the country. Indeed, the comparatively
to 4" towns of the provinces appear to be more
to the be ieot
than Warsaw. The feeling extends even
ni,
--Amine, for at Kiew we learn that disturb-
ances broke out, i
for the victims It
wncelebrating a funeral service
a.rsaw, resulting in a bloody
sian authorities
conflict with th© Ilusa
apa to have
Lublin, the Rus
General CHRITLEF pear
•
to
.0 have actually left, and
b arching on the city.
At Warsaw, on the other h m
and
, the Russians are
asking, whether sincerely or insincerely, it is not
Count Z.tmoYsiti
easy to say, , the President
of the Agricultural Society, whose
dissolution
M. Lzwirr-
erAused the late excitement, to undertake the vice_
presidency of the Council of State, and
sKr to-become Minister of the Interior for Poland.
The Count is, 'perhaps, the most popular man in
14oland ; but they both require that the troops
'should be withdrawn into the citadel "CI barracks,

and that the citizens should again be allowed to
act as constables. We observe some signs of secret
attempts to raise the peasants against the nobles;
after the manner of the horrible and dark deeds of
Austria iu Gallicia, It is to be hoped such attempts
will fail, as tl-_c nobles have already comuicuci.d
the emancipation of their serfs.

It were premature to attempt to calculate
probabilities. If the Poles of the provinces should
have less self-command than those of Warsaw, the
possibly desired pretext for drowning Polish liber-
ties, once more, in blood, ma 3 be gladly embraced.
But if the spirit of Warsaw be universal,—the
spirit with which the multitude threw away even
their sticks to avoid the mere appearance of resis-
tance—the spirit with which young men bared
their bosoms to the soldiers, and women held up
their children—the spirit with which after one
murderous volley the multitude knelt down and
sang a prayer to God, receiving many of them their
death wounds in this position—if this spirit of
determination to die unresistingly rather than to
live as slaves be universal,—then indeed, "Europa
must hear them." It cannot avert its eyes from a
whole nation dying for liberty at the hands of a
semi-barbarian Prince ; it must demand legal
rights for the kingdom of Poland.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer seems to have
sown the seed for a pretty good crop of economical
criticisms, if not of economical propositions. Last
night military men were quite in the mood for
lessening the expenditure of the country, and some
civilians joined them in the same cue. Sir. F.
SMITH, Colonel DICKSON, and Colonel DUNNE
found able backers in Mr. B. OSBORNE and Mr.
INIoNsELL. Between Mr. OSBORNE and Lord
PAL3IERSTON it came indeed to a sharp war of
words; the Premier remarking that everything
the hon. member for Liskeard did not like was
a " job, absurd, foolish, ridiculous, or preposter-
ous"—Mr. OSBORNE excusing the noble lord as
suffering under considerable irritation from the
effects of colchicum, and remarking that any one
who happened to differ from the noble lord was
" supposed to have studied in the school of light-
ness,' and to be subject to fits of violence."
Some facts, however, came out, which we briefly
advert to with little comment. The fortification
of Portsdown Hill was attacked as being seven
miles of works, and needing a whole army to de-
fend it ; while, from opinions expressed in the
Commissioners' Report, it is evident that our
navvies could improvise in a short time sufficient
defensive works. Our floating batteries have also
changed the whole plan of defence requisite for
Portsmouth. They, too, can be placed almost any-.
where they may be wanted.
The enormous disproportion between the increase
of men and the increase of cost was plainly illus-
trated in several cases. For instance, seven years
ago, £9,000,000 was sufficient to meet the expenses
of 119,000 men ; now we arc to pay £14,000,000 for
146,000; that is, the 27,000 additional troops are to
eost us £5,000,000 more money, or at the rate of
£lB5 per soldier !! And dividing it over the
whole army, each soldier cost at the former period
£75, now he costs just £lOO ! Income-tax payers
would like to know "the reason why ?"
Again, Mr. MONSELL gave us some valuable

points of comparison between the cost of our army
and that of France. After deducting everything
in which there was no fair comparison between our
system and that of France there, remained a charge
to us of £5,792,551 for maintaining 146,000 men.
On the French side, by the same mode of calcula-
tion, they spent only £4,000,000 in maintaining
an army of 400,000 men. Let us place the two
pictures in as good a light as we can—
No. of Mon. Cost of Afaintiining.
France 400,000 . , £4,000,000
England 146,000 .. 5,792,551

Again, we say, Income-tax payers want to know
" the reason why ?"

We also subjoin a rather long extract of details
of vast disproportionate expense between the in-
crease and the cost given by Mr. MoNsELL, and
such of us payers of this money as choose to read it
will again rather impatiently demand " the reason
why ?"

" In, these long columns of estimates the difficulty of
pointing out whether extravagance existed was considerable,
and he therefore proposed to quote a few leading items in
1853-54 and compare them with the same items in the pre-
sent estimates, taking into account the number of men voted.

" In 1853-54 the number of men belonging to the army
and scientific corps was 119,881 ; and in the present year
the number was 146,04.5. What was the difference of the
expense of the Staff? For the 119,881 mon, the expense
of the Staff was £175,895, and the expense of the Staff
now was £326,898. The House would see at once the
enormous disproportion between the increase in the
number of men and the increase in the expense of the
Staff. On that point the House had a right to expect from
the Government a full and complete explanation.
" The next point ho would refer to was the article of
forage. In 1853.54 the army had 9,4.50 horses, and in the
present year the number was 13,642. In 1853 the expense
of forage—oats and hay—was very much the same as in the
present year, but the difference in the cost of the forage in
the two periods was RS follows—in 1353-51 the cost was
£269,165, and in the present year £182,392.
" He would next refer to the articles of fuel and light.
In the year 1853-4 the charge for fuel and light had been
£116,220, while in the present year it amounted to £241,157.
" The expenditure fcr the purchase and repair of barrack
and hospital furniture had in the former year been £57,829 ;
this year it was £127,400. That being so, he thought he

had clearly demonstrated to every hon. gentleman who
listened to him, that a most disproportionate incioase had,
in the charge under every one of those heads, taken place."

A delightful speech has just been delivered (it
will be perceived from a report in another column)
immediately upon his return homewards by Lord
ELGIN—Earl of ELGIN and KINCARDINE. It is
less of a formal harangue than of an agreeable and
almost familiar gossip indulged in by our distin-
guished statesman, and diplomatist, and adminis-
trator directly he finds himself released from
harness, from the toils of office, from the respon-
sibilities of an immense and, in some respects,
unparalleled enterprise, and settling down again
quietly among his old friends and neighbours.
Lord ELGIN avails himself of the occasion to
recal to mind how long it is now since, Scot-like,
he has been a wanderer from the haunts of his
boyhood, a nomadic vagrant almost on the world's
surface, far away from the well-remembered scenes
of Dunfermline. Twenty years, he now bethinks
himself, have elapsed since his public or political
career was commenced, by his being sent to the
House of Commons to take his place among the
ranks of the popular representatives. Scarcely had
he assumed his seat as M.P., hardly had a few weeks
elapsed from the date of his entrance into St.
Stephen's when, by his father's unexpected demise,
he found public life of any kind apparently, for the
moment, closed against him inexorably by the pecu-
liarity of his position as the inheritor of a purely
Scotch peerage. Succeeding to a Scotch peerage, he
says, "I was expelled from the House of Commons
without being admitted to the House of Lords."
Barely, however, had he begun to reconcile himself
to the fact of the elimination of his name
from among the catalogue of our national legisla-
tors, when he was suddenly called upon to re-enter
Public life in a very different capacity, to inaugu-
rate his
fial adminiet
career afresh, in fact, as a responsible cola
rater. The Statesman whose eagle 1

eye detected in the young Scotch lord the posses-
sion of those rare gifts which have sinee then deve-
loped themselves into one of the most distinguished
reputations recognisable among our living adminis-
trators, then held the reins of office as H.M.'s Secre-
tary of State for War and the Colonies. This was no
other than the noble earl the present leader of her
MAJESTY'S Opposition, Lord DERBY, obeying what
might almost be termed, without extravagance, in
this way, the instincts of his remarkable sagacity in
discrimination, requested Lord ELGIN almost imme-
diately upon his assuming his ancestral title to
undertake the Government of the island of Jamaica.
There it was, as Governor of Jamaica, that, during
five years, Lord ELGIN got his hand well " in" as
a Colonial Administrator. Scarcely had he
returned homewards from his five years
governorship of Jamaica when he was selected
by the Colonial Secretary for a similar post of far
greater distinction, and one consequently invested
with a far larger share of responsibility. He
assumed the government of the Two Canadas, and,
there, as Governor of the Canadas, remained
in power for no less than eight years consecu-
tively upon the opposite shores of the Atlantic.
By the time these eight years were completed
Lord ELGIN'S reputation as a colonial administra-
tor may be said to have been firmly and securely
and permanently established. So securely was it
established that no sooner was there manifested a
necessity for the selection of a man of more than or-
dinary capacities to undertake the conduct of the
Chinese negotiations, with a view to the satisfac-
tory settlement of the unhappy dispute which had
suddenly sprung up about the affair of the
lorcha Arrow, than Lord ELGIN was at once
fixed upon as the fittest person to go out
there to that end, entrusted with full discre-
tionary power and authority, as her Britannic MA-
JESTY'S Minister Plenipotentiary and Ambassador
Extraordinary. " I don't conceal from you,"said Lord
ELGIN, at Dunfermline, " that there were some of
my friends who rather dissuaded me from under-
taking that task. It was felt in regard to the
China question, owing to circumstances which must
still be fresh in your recollection, that a very
divided feeling existed on the subject in the coun-
try, and that it was altogether a ticklish subject to
meddl with. I was told it was a cause in which,
if I succeeded, success might shock the conscience ;
and that if I failed failure would hurt the pride of
England. Bet I felt that the simplest rule for a
public man in all such cases—the rule I have always
followed, and which J shall always follow to the
end—was to undertake any public duty in which
his services might be usefal to the country. Gen-
tlemen, I undertook that task, and I need not ask
you to-day whether I have any reason to repent of
it. And here lam after all. I have now been gone
for a great many years, and I have come back among
you not quite used up, as our friends the Yankees
would say, but still not so young as when sone of us
became first acquainted." The chief part of the
noble earl's subsequent retrospections were directed,

it will be observed, towards that portion of his
negotiations which more immediately affect the
subject of our relations with Japan and the Japa-
nese. The delicacy of his position there he thus ex-
plains, " When I went to Japan in 1858 to
nogotiate a treaty I found myself there in a
very difficult position. In the first place I
' had only a fortnight—owing to an obliga.
tion I was under to return to China to
arrange a tariff with the Chinese Commissioners
at a particular date—l had only a fortnight from
the day I left Jeddo in which to perform the
whole business ; and it is a curious thing that
I have never been allowed more than a fortnight in
such cases, for when I went to the United States in
1854 I was only allowed a single fortnight to nego-
tiate a treaty which has admitted the whole of tne
products of British North America to free competi-
tion with the products of the United States in their
own markets, and which put an end to the risk of
collision on the subject of the fisheries between this
country and America—the most serious which has
presehted itself, at any rate, during the time that
I have been a public man "—that is, during an in-
terval now of fully twenty years past. It seems
almost ludicrous to note those arbitrary restrictions
of a great diplomatist upon two successive occasions
to a mere fortnight. Yet so it has been actually,
as Lord ELGIN remarks to his compatriots
at Dunfermline ; and that, moreover, upon two
occasions, one in the west, ons in the east, of the
"'lost extraordinary importance. It is like work-

ing diplomacy " under high pressure." Yet even
whop so conducting our negotiations under all these
immense disadvantages—Lord ELGIN has accom-

plished wonders—England knows all he has accom-
plished. Whenever the present Coalition Cabinet
shall fall to pieces, as fall to pieces in the natural
course of things it needs must sooner or later—

so far as Reform is concerned, we would hope
sooner, so far as European tranquillity is concerned,
perhaps we would say later—it must acquit itself

of a debt of gratitude by according to the Earl o:

ELGIN what he has already nobly earned upon
more than one occasion, his elevation to a Mar-

quisate.

SOUTHAMPTON, April 19.—Hie Royal Highness
the Prince Consort, attended by Colonel Ponsonby, Equerry
in Waiting, landed in the docks this morning, from her
Majesty's yacht Fairy, en route for London. His Royal
Highness on landing was received by Mr. P. Hedger and
Mr. John Levy, principal officers of the docks, and Mr. R.
Beach was in attendance on the part of the South-Western
Railway Company. His Royal Highness lac the ducks,
by special train, at half-past eight.
REMOVAL OF THE COURT FROM THE ISLE OF
WlGHT.—According to present arrangements, the Royal
Family will leave Osborne on Saturday, the 27th, for throe
weeks.

METROPOLITAN DRAINAGE.—The total length of
the sewers intended to ba constructed by the Metropolitan
Board of Works for the main drainage of London is within
a few yards of 74 miles. The length executed at present is
not 19 miles, but above five more are in course of execu-
tion, and the titll length contracted for is 46 miles.
DEATH OF LORD SIDNEY GODOLPHIN OSBORNE.
—The death of this nobleman is just announced to have
taken place at his seat, Bartrams, Hampstead, where he
had lived in retirement for a long time. He was half-
uncle to the late and to the present Duke of Leeds, and
must not be confounded with the well known "S. G. 0.,"
the Rev. Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne, brother of the
present duke.

MASSACRE OF A SHIP'S CREW.—There has been
another awful massacre at the Solomon group. Treasury
Island has this time been the scene of native treachery and
bloodthirstiness, the inhabitaants having destroyed the
American whaler Superior, and butchered 26 of her crew in
cold blood. The lives of six who had secreted themselves
were spared on the intercession of one of the chiefs, in order
that they might till the land. The two principal chiefs
divided these men between them, each taking three.
Captain Mair, of the schooner Ariel, succeeded, after a
great deal of tremble, in rescuing three of these men ; but the
other three men still remain in captivity, end at the mercy of a
chief Copan, who had been the principal in the massacre of
their comrades. It was only by obtaining possession of a
relative of one of the chiefs, and by keeping him in irons
till the three men whom his kinsmen held in durance were
restored, that Capt. 'Nair succeded so far as he did. The
news was brought by the Rebecca, and one of the man bc-
on,ging to the let ter vessel was murdered at New Georgia,
during a trksache roue attack upon a boat which was on a
watering exited ition. It is to bo hoped that prompt mea-
sures will be to ken for the rescue of the three captives at
Treasury Isla, ad, if still alive, and for the punishment of
the murderers. As it is Americans who have suffered, the ra
is more claanct ) of such promptitude than if the murdered
crew had been British subjects, for the American Govern-
ment and .its naval officers are more prompt in avenging
injuries to the citizens of their country than are the
Government and naval authorities of Britain—Sydney
41977iing *fgq.