The Sun.
London, England, 1857-02-23 00:00:00

ING, FEBRUARY 23, 1857.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRUM LAN Z.—.
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
Acting Manager, Mr. C. Mathews. Stage Manager, Mr. R
Roxby. Scenic Artist, Mr. W. Beverley.
The eminent Comedian, Mr. Charles Mathews, every evening.
Great Success of the Grand Christmas Pantomime, the
most magnificent ever produced on the English stage.
THIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform the
popular Comedy,
MARRIED FOR MONEY.

Characters by Messrs. C. Mathews, A. Younge, R. Roxby,
Templeton ; Mrs. F. Matthews, Miss Mason, and Miss M.
Oliver.

After which will be produced

SEE, SAW, MARGERY DAW ;
Or, Harlequin Holiday, and the Island of Ups and Downs.
The reduced prices as follows, varying throughout the
house to snit every one :—Galleries, 6d. and ls. ; Second
Circle of Boxes, is. 6d. ; Pit, 2s. ; First Circle of Boxes,
2a. 6d. ; Dress Boxes, 3s. ; Stalls, ss. ; Private Boxes,
10e. 6d., P. Is., 1/. lls. 6d., and 2/. 2s.

ROY AL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
THIS EVENING will be performed
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
After which, a new grand Christmas Pantomime, called
ALADDIN AND THE WONDERFUL LAMP;
or, Harlequin and the Genii of the Ring. Harlequin, Mr.
Cormack ; Clown, Mr. Huline ; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; Co.
lumbine, Miss C. Adams.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
THIS EVENING, to commence at Seven,
with the successful new Comedy, in three acts, entitled,
DOUBLE-FACED PEOPLE. Characters by Mr. Buckstone,
Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Compton, Mr. W. Farren' Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Clark,
Miss Reynolds, Mrs. Poynter, and Mrs. E. Fitz-
will ia m.
Followed by (7th time) a new drama, called A WICKED
WIFE.
After which (56th time) the new comic pantomime, entitled
THE BABES IN THE WOOD, or Harlequin and the Cruel
Uncle. The scenery of the opening story painted by Mr. W.
Callcott. The pantomime produced under the direction of
M. Milano. Harlequin, M. Milano; Columbine, Fanny
Wright; Pantaloon, Mr. Mackay ; and Clown, Mr. Driver

R OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. C. Dillon.
THIS EVENING, will be performed the new play, in
five sets, by Westland Marston, Esq., entitled A LIFE'S
RANSOM. Lord Revesdale, Mr. C. Dillon ; Bancroft, Mr.
Stuart ; Felicia Revesdale, Mrs. C. Dillon.
After which, a new farce, entitled MY FRIEND FROM
LEATHERHEAD. Mr. Toole, Miss Wilton, and Mrs. B.
White.
To be followed by
CONRAD AND MEDORA;
or, Harlequin Corsair and the Little Fairy at the Bottom of
the Fca. The burlesque opening by W. Brough, Esq.,
founded upon the ballet of Le Corsair, as produced at Her
Majesty's Theatre. The harlequinade upon things in gene-
ral. The new and magnificent scenery painted by Mr. F.
Fenton.
conrad (the Corsair) Miss Woolgar
:Dirbarto (his lieutenant) Mr. J. L. Toole
'fedora .
Clowns
Mr. H. Marshall
The box-office open daily, from 11 to 5, under the super-
atendence of Mr. Chatterton, jun.
Carriages conveying parties t the Private Boxes to set
down at the State entrance in Burleigh-street,

THEATRE ROYAL. A DELPHI.
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.
THIS EVENING, will be performed the popular drama
of IRELAND AS IT IS. Mr. and Mrs. Barney Williams.
After which, A NIGHT AT NOTTING-HILL, in which
Mr. Wright and Patti Bedford will appear.
Followed by a new Piece de Caractere, entitled IN AND
OUT OF PLACE. Mrs Barney Williams.
To conclude with the new original comic drama, ca.Ued
BAPNEY THE BARON. Barney O'Toole, Mr. Barney
Williams.

r) OYAL SURREY THEATRE,
Lessees', Messls. Shepherd and Creswiek.

T7IIS EVENING. A NEW WAY TO PAY OLD DEBTS,
Sir (lies, Mr. Creswick.

After which, HARLEQUIN AND THE SUMMER
QUEEN, Harlequin, Mr, F. Clover ; Clown, Mr. Buck ;
Pantaloon, Mr. Bradbury; the Four Sprites, the Fillis Fa-
mily ; Columbines, Mesdames Marie and Agnes.

Cd. T_RAND THEATRE.—Mqnager, Mc. T.
k 1.7 Payne.—This Evening will be perirmed
a powerful new drama, THE PRIDE OF POVERTY ; or,
The Real Poor of London.

Affer which, THE DEATH OF EVA, in which the
Howard Family will appear.
Ti conclude with DON'T LEND YOUR UMBRELLA.
Commence at Seven. Stalls, 3s, ; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, ls. ;
Call,,ry, 6(1,

THEA.TRE ROYAL, SADLER'S-WELLS.
Under the Management of Mr. Phelps.
TIIS EVENING, Shakespere's tragedy of MACBETH,
Macbeth, Mr. Phelps.
To conclude with THE SENTINEL.

OPAL OLYMPIC THEATRE,
RA) Lessee, Mr. Alfred Wigan.

THIS EVENING, a new drama, by Tom Taylor, Esq,
called A SHEEP IN WOLF'S CLOTHING.

Followed by the new farce, by Bayle Bernard, fsq,
called A SPLENDID INVESTMENT.

I new Fairy Extravaganza, by J. R. Plancll6, Eq., called
YOUNG AND HANDSOME. Messrs. F. Robson, Rogers,
Leslie, G. Cooke, Danvers. Misses Swanborough,
St. Casse, Castleton, Bromley, Maskell, and Mrs. Mclfort.
Commence at half-?ast Seven.

STLEY'S ROYAL AMPFIITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.
Continued and unabated Success,
TILES EVENING, will be presented the theme of the most
flattering eulogium from the whole of the press, the operatic
drama of ROB ROY, with Equestrian illustrations invented
by Mr. Wm. Cooke, and with the original music. Rob
Roy, Mr. James Holloway.
A ter which, the Equestrian SCENES in the CIRCLE.
To conclude with the equestrian comic pantomime of PAUL
PRA' ON HORSEBACK.
Common, at seven o'clock. Dress Roses, 4s. ; Upper
Boxes, 3s. ; Private Boxes, from 11., no charge for booking ;
it, 2s. ; Gallery, ls. ; Upper Gallery, Lid.
box.office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager,
Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Cooke, jun.

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.—
OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The follow-
bur, company of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of
Sele,:tions from all the popular Operas, Madrigals, Clicituses,
Glees, Duets, See., V 17.. Miss E. Pearce, Mrs. J. Caulfield,
Miss Brinell, Miss Summers, and Madame Marietta; Mr. J.
Caul deld, Herr F. Jonghmans, R. Grover, T. Farrant, 5,
Jong, J. Barker, W. Melling. P. Corti. Senor Antonio M.
de Solla, and E. L. lime ; Masters Austin, Bennett, and
(Joni ; Messrs. Sam Collins, E. Mackney, and C. J. Wilkins.
riariol'orte, Mr. Cavil Hicks; harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun.;
director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at Seven o'clock pre-
clsely. Suppers, drc., until twelve o'clock.

IGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

Tin" DAT—Morn. 10 min. art. I—Evening 32 mid. aft. 1
ORB° W —Morn. 55 min. aft. I—Evening 15 min.aft.

','HE WEATHER—Sim OFFICE, FEBRUARY 2.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
—highest sines noon yesterday.
46 —lowest this morning and during the night.
51 —this day at noon.
te.no-orrart, 30 28.
WIND, S.—Light, with very fine weather.
FEBECADY 23.
51 highest since neon yesterday.
41 —.owcra, thh morning and during the night.
—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 3035.
wrign, about E.S.E. Light, with thick fog in the morn-
ing' La the 'Middlesex side of the Thames, and fine suit.
shun on the Surrey side.

.:77„ )
~Q ,- k = ~,, ,_(:.,, (7( +---, '..:),:),-.-:-...i. '-9•• 1-3'l;sl
.7 -7., ..,, , J---_-;-:—.:.___----.-:-__•_-_—;-i:::c, 4'-:-.5.5

with an addition of 4d. per pound duty
this year ; sd. per pound the following year, and
3d. per lb. in 1859-60. For this, and this alone,
it required the community to pay a portion of the
extra war duty on the " corn of the tropics ! "
Every effort was to be made by those whose re-
sources had been exhausted by the war pressure
—and all because we had an additional pledge
that in these years " the remaining 7d. will come
to an end." Surely, then, it is Sir G. C. LEWIS
himself that has conferred a prospective character
on his financial scheme, and the question before
the House is whether he has been raising delusive
hopes and misleading the people.
The facts and figures which he has himself re
lied on, however, show that this pleasing antici-
pation can never be realised under his auspices.
He takes credit during the present year for four
millions and a half which still remains unpaid of
the war Income Tax, over and above the 7d. in
the pound which he intends to retain—that is to
say he estimates the receipts from the Income Tax
for the next year at 11,450,0001., while he only
looks for 7,000,0001. in future years. He also
pays off Exchequer Bonds to the amount of
2,000,0001. and 250,0001. for the Sinking Fund.
But in each successive year he will have to meet
Exchequer Bonds to a like amount, and will also
have to pay 1,500,0001. for the Sinking Fund. Here
then is an additional charge of 1, 250,000/., making
with the Income Tax a deficiency of 5,750,0001.
There will also be a loss on tea and sugar
of more than 900,0001. in 1858-9, and double
that in 1859-60, so that there will be in the
former a loss of 6,650,0001., and in 1859-60, of
7,550,0001. This is from the showing of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer himself, and is quite
sufficient to prove the hopelessness of his plan
without adopting the calculation of Mr. DISRAELI,
which points to a deficiency of 10,000,0001. in
1859-60, at the very time that the 7,000,0001.
additional is to be relinquished ! Never was there
a greater mockery, a clearer delusion attempted
on the country ; and the country should
feel truly grateful to the eminent financiers who
have so unequivocally exposed the blundering
incompetence of the Ex-reviewer, who was pitch-
forked into the head of the financial department
.cithout possessing the qualifications essential for
the efficient discharge of the arduous and impor-
tant duties of the situation.
The Times also acts on the principle of the pet-
dogging lawyers, whose instructions to counsel
are—" We have no defence ; abuse the plaintiff's
attorney." It accordingly makes a virulent attack
nn its once-favoured protegee, Mr. GLADSTONE.
It pronounces his speech on Friday evening "as a
perfectly incomparable specimen of vituperation."
It says, " The conjuror can put an egg into his hat,
and bring out flocks of pigeons, geese, and turkeys ;
but that feat is nothing compared with Mr.
GLADSTONE'S speech on his right hon. friend's
budget." It also speaks of that speech as " a
series of dissolving views." Everything, in
fact, to mystify the subject, and throw dust in
the eyes of the people, and divert attention from
the real point at issue.
It strikes us, however, that it is Sir G. C. LEWIS
that has attempted to enact the part of the
wizard, but in so terribly bungling a manner that
his detection was inevitable. None but the wil-
fully blind could be deceived for a moment. He
tried to produce "pigeons and geese," but the
transformation could not be effected. The in-
tended dupes were too sharp for the would-
be " conjuror," who has consequently been
covered -with ridicule, a large portion
of which falls on his obsequious claquev,rs,
his thick-and-thin supporters. What, pray, has
, been Mr. GLADSTONE'S offence ? What has he
lone to merit the reproaches of the Times? He
,4howed that the Income Tax was " grievous, in-

quisitorial, and unequal," and that Parliament
only agreed to tolerate it for a limited time—for
ipecial purposes. Why the Times has repeated
the same over and over again. Ho complained of
jibe gratuitous and uncalled-for observations which
he thought proper to make on " the paper duty,"
the " wine duties," and on " the scandal of Eng-
land," the " stamp on fire insurances." What
was there worthy of censure in this? Let the
Times, if it dare, adopt the views
,f its patron on these subjects. It is not
that any prejudice against tergiversation
would affect it. Its views on that point are too
well known, but it could not march through that
Coventry with the ex-reviewer. The next point
that Mr. GLADSTONE touched on was the absurdity
of the announcement that nearly twelve millions
of taxes (11,970,000/0 were remitted when the
war taxes ou malt, sugar, tea, and coffee would
lapse on the Gth April, as, but for the " pettifog-
;ring quibble," would 11d, in the pound of the
Income tax, so that the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer was virtually increasing in place of di-
:ninishing taxation. He also showed an increase
of 6,000,0001. in the permanent expenditure of
the country, and proved that there would
he a largo deficiency, of 8,600,000/.
in 1860, so that there was no chance
of the abolition of the Income Tax in that
year. Ho also eloquently vindicated the policy
that reduced or remitted indirect taxation, albeit
opposed to the views of the defunct economist, the
sapient ARTHUR YOUNG, whom Sir G. C. LEWIS
had disinterred as an authority b which the House
should at once and unhesitatingly succumb. This
was the " head and front of his offending ;"

this the grievous offence for which The Thun-
derer reserves the brightest bolts, the most tren-
chant weapons. We should, however, prefer a
sober matter-of-fact answer to the " facts and
figures" with which the statement is charged,
and which can either be laughed at nor railed

away.

Another morning contemporary, that takes
Ministers under its special protection, abandons
the vain attempt to sustain the defective Budget,
Tlie debate on tho " Precious Budget." will be but tells us that " the more financial merits of
resu tied this evening, and probably again ad- the question are of comparative unimportance."
joureed. It will be no easy task to reply to the It attempts to get up the bugbear of a French
brilliant and convincing orations of Messrs. Dee- conspiracy to oust Lord PALMERSTON. It really
RAELI and GLADSTONE which so utterly confounded requires no French intervention to procure such
poor Sir G. C. LEWIS. Indeed the Ministerial a result if Lord PALMERSTON chooaes to permit
journals abandoned the attempt in pure despair I the national exchequer to be
exhausted
by a
The Times laboriously endeavours to prove that blundering financier ; if he was willing that the
the House should not look beyond the present Bank Charter Act should be renewed without modi-
year—declares that the Chancellor of the Ex- fication or amelioration to please Sir G. C. LEWIS, he
eheefter " has not to adjust revenue and expendi- must abide the consequences. We wish to sup-
tura for ever and for aye ; he hets not to gt6araittee port the PALMERSTON Administration, if per-
those reductions which, in the course of mitted to do so ; but the fiscal, financial, and
the next three years, the Home of Commons monetary policy promulgated will not permit us to
may perhaps have the opportunity Of mak.na
I do so without a total disregard of the just claims
at ris leisure ; lie has not to ley down ariy
li and interests of the commercial, manufacturing, and
grand principles, or reverse any pocy• lie has industrial classes generally. We have pointed
not
or these things!"
done, or attempted 3E3' (nit what ho drould do to conciliate popular sup-
We differ tee) cod() on tecie points from the Port. if 1, disregards the obvious necessity, he
Levi sthan. The whole tenour of his financial i has only le, - ineelf to thank for the untoward con-
!
sehe no distinctly points to the future, and so his sequences that may ensue. Wo never shall hare
Heechman of Printing-House-Square understood I ness ourselves to the chariot wheel of any Minis-
him, for in commenting upon his speech it said, I ter—to support bad measures because they ema-
"ln three years we have now one more pledge nate from Downing-str tee —or reject sound
that even the remaining ed. will come to an i and wholesome propositio nsbecause ventilated
end ! "—(Times, 14th Feb., 1857.) To achieve iby her
this great (lcsileratum, it called on the people to ' tilt) independent and liberal members to
d' ischare submit t 3 the additional 2d. in the polled for that . their dui,y 5 their respective constitue ' news g
limited time, to leek faith with the impostors ! to the community at large nd
, without , a
fear or favour,
and dealers in tea, and to saddle the people ' prejudice or affection. Let: them deal with the

L'iNDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1857.

financial scheme solely on its merits and demerits.
Thus will they obtain efficient measures, and in-
duce Ministers to respect the popular wishes,
when clearly and unequivocally expressed.

EVE

"ditto" Fellows of the Royal Society. Others
of the 39 new local surveyors are provided with
subordinate clerks of works, clerks for drainage
works, and clerks of paving works—so that in
respect to staffs of officers little would appear to
be wanted but the proper direction of their ser-
vices in laying out the public work needed and
intended by the Legislature to be done.
Besides the abolition of cess-pools and tie pro-
per drainage of between one and two hundred
thousand houses, there appears to be a vast
amount of branch drainage required, of which
little haS yet been done. By the 87th section of
the new Act vestries and district boards
of works are enabled to fill up ditches
by the sides of roads, and substitute
pipes. It appears, by the second Report of the
Metropolitanarein that there
Commissioners, that
nearly 70
miles of open ditches, amounting to upwards of
th e
si
urey Sanitary
and
60 acres of superficial surface, mostly of sewerage.
In reference to the marshes east of Greenwich,
one witness, a surveyor, states :—" I find, upon
an area of 450 acres of land, there are 13 miles
of ditches. The surface of the water in these
ditches averages nine feet in width. The entire
water surface is, therefore, 15 acres. The
average of the entire width of the ditches is 11 to
12 feet wide ; there is, thus, 18i acres of land
occupied with ditches out of 450, or one acre of
ditch to 24 acres of land."
We should be glad to learn how much of this
has been touched. The steady prevalence of the
diseases of " fermentation," the zymotic class, and
the high death rate, which distinguishes the low-
lying urban districts of Kent and Surrey, too
strongly corroborates the assumption that the
great mass of these and other cesspool nuisances
remains untouched. In the whole of the metro-
politan districts it appears from a proximate
return there are 400 miles of open sewers to be
dealt with; but dealing with them by covering
them is proved to be only covering cesspools and
masking evil. Besides these open sewers there
are the great mass of covered sewers of deposit,
which are for the most part only extended and
pestilential icesspools, to be dealt with. Of the
sewers of this description 658 miles have been ex-
amined, and 150 miles unexplored. The length
of the streets and roads of the metropolis appear
to be now between 1,500 and 1,600 miles. The.
reports of the old sewers examined display far
worse than waste extended reservoirs of
pestilential matter detained and spread,
which such constructions ought to remove—
works of very recent construction, on which
large amounts of ratepayers' money have been
expended, already in ruin. Of the self-cleans-
ing description of new tubular sewers only
126 miles are constructed, or in course of con-
struction. The manufacture' of the new tubular
sewers is stated to be proceeding is Lambeth at
the rate of fifty miles a week, but the consump-
tion appears to be chiefly for the provincial towns
under the Public Health Act, and not for the me-

There is no mistake as to the vigorous grasp
with which the City Solicitor, Mr. C. PEARSON,
handles the subject of prison discipline. More
sue he lays hold of it as something to be disposed
of at once and effectually, and if he is not per-
fectly successful, it is his misfortune, and not
his fault. Ono whose character for humane
feeling was not so well established as his,
would be liable to misinterpretation after writing
as he has done. There is no room, however,
for doubt or misapprehension in his case.
Energetic and laborious himself, and in a position
to acquire an extensive and practical experience
of men and things he is devoutly impressed with
the capabilities of labour. Like the alchemist
who would transmute base metal to gold he sees
no reason why the primeval curse may not, under
given circumstances be converted into a blessing,
and he finds occasion to say so. Having wit-
nessed the futility of the existing system of
prison discipline, the perplexity of our
law-makers and the necessity for some-
thing being done, he steps forward with an an-
swer to the oft-repeated question, " What is to
be done with our criminals ?" That answer is in
brief—make them work—work for their living,
their correction, their reformation, and for the
means of obtaining a fresh start in life. Rogues
ought not to burden honest men with their keep,
nor prison chaplains have scope for the indulgence
of maudlin sentiment at the expense of society.
There is a groat deal of wisdom in this. Little
doubt can exist that the present system of forcing
virtue in prison does not fit the tender plant for
the cold climate out of doors, and none that it is
frightfully expensive in the working. Our gaol-
birds are a great burden,d confessedly, on the na-
tional industry ; and the burden has annually
been growing heavier. In such a downward
march it is well to pause and listen to those who
point out a more excellent way. Some of our
prison philanthropists have fallen into the most
palpable absurdities. This is certain. Who can re-
frain from a smile, while glancing over the engraved
illustrations of " The Prison Palace at Reading,"
paraded with such grim humour by Mr. PEAR-
SON in his newly issued pamphlet, or deny the
force of his sarcastic comments? "The Prison
Palace !" "The Building is in the Tenon or
castellated Gothic style . . . . With the
castellated it combines a collegiate appearance."
It is true, and the exquisite absurdity of it must
strike the most obtuse. There stands the build-
ing to speak for itself—a Prison Palace ! Mean-
while the workhouse is thrown completely into
the shade, and honest poverty pines for comforts
the burglar has offered him day by day.

We have great faith in the corrective virtues of
labour, and are by no means indisposed towards
the system Mr. PEARSON would have put in force.
So far we can go with him, but when we come to
grave offenders a difficulty at once presents itself.
The country, according to Mr. PEARSON'* plan,
would have to incur the risk of their not having
been reformed, on the completion of their term
and their liberation from prison. The enfran-
chised gaol-bird might have earned by his labour
the means to transport himself to a country where
his past career would be unknown. So far as he
is concerned he would have nothing to com-
plain of. But with money in hand would
he go t We are afraid not ; and. Mr. PEAR-
SON does not contemplate his departure being
compulsory to however questionable a class he
may belong. This may well be deemed a blot
or a defect in.the City Solicitor's scheme, and to
its correction it would not be amiss to address
himself.

LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED OF

LONDON.

The suggestion of works of sanitary improve-
ment as a source of public employment for the
unemployed artisans of the metropolis might, to
those accustomed to the routine of common local
administration, appear to be passing strange, and,
without doubt, public work of such high utility
prepared—with the additional utility of serving
as a relief at a period of distress—is very unusual ;
but we deem it right to state that we have good
authority for the recommendation. , We commend
to the attention of the union and parochial autho-
rities the following dicta of the Poor Law Com-
missioners of Inquiry, in their Report of 1834.
Speaking of the relief of destitute able-bodied
labourers, they state—
"E. mployment of some kind can, indeed, be always
provided, but it appears to us that it ought to be useful
employment. Parish officers, whilst they have had suffi-
cient labour of this description before their doors, in their
unwillingness or their inability to take upon themselves
the trouble of superintendence, or to make any imme-
diate pecuniary sacrifice for the purpose of enf ircing the
performance of that labour, have resorted to the expo.
dient of sending paupers on fictitious errands, with hoe-
lots full of stones, er blank paper directed as letters,
and other devices of the same nature, obviously intended
to torment them. Such contrivances are pernicious
in the revengeful feelings which they generate in
the minds of the paupers themselves, and they are
also pernicious in exiting sympathy in behalf of the
indolent and vicious, and in the obstacles which they
create to the use of legitimate labour and salutary
discipline. We believe that they ought to be care.
fully prevented. The association of the utility of labour
to both parties, the employer as well as the employed, s
one which we consider it most important to preserve and
strengthen ; and we deem everything mischievous
which unnecessarily gives to it a repulsive aspect. At
the same time we believe that in extended districts the
requisite sources of employment will be easily found.
The supply of the articles consumed in workhouses and
prisons would afford a large outlet fur the manufactures
carried on in the house ; and, with respect to out-door
employment, it is probable that there are few districts
to which such evidence as that contained in the follow-
ing extracts would not be applicable. Mr. William
Winkwortb, late overseer of the parish of St. Mary's,
Reading, whilst advocating the necessity of the incor-
poration of the parishes in that town states—
" The town, for example, wants draining. We hales
brickmakers, and carpenters, and other lalourers on the
parish receiving 'relief ; and the whole town might be
well drained by the labour of these paupers, at the ex-
pense of materials only ; bricks, wood, mortar, and sand.
This, however, is a work which the parishes cannot, or
will not, undertake separately ; it is prevented by petty
jealousies and dissensions, and the want of able officers
to direct the work of the paupers.
As the surveyor of the road from this town to Basing-
stoke, and also of the road from hence to Shilling-
ford, I can state, from my observation of the several
perishes (nineteen in number) through which these roads
pass, that very considerable labour might be found,
under good direction, in improving their private roads.'
After reciting other evidence to the same tonour,
the C3mmissioners conclude with the following
recommendations :

" We further recommend, therefore, that the Central
Board be empowered to incorporate parishes for the par-
pose of appointing and paying permanent officers, and
for the execution of works of public labour."
The principle of this recommendation was, that
parishes should be united, or the local mean§
combined, for the appointment of competent super-
intendents of useful public works whenever they
were required. amoral powers for this purpose
were given in the Poor-Law Amendment Act. The
metropolitan tali-MS and parishes have at present no
ofßcers of this deseription, but the Metropolitan
District Boards of Efealth have, with subordinates.
Thus we find in the local place list for Islington

parish—
" Surveyor of sewers, drains, and buildings, Charles
Higgins, F.R.S.

" Surveyor of roads and footpaths, George Pratt, do.
" Inspectors of nuisances, Joseph War and John But
worthy, do."

tropolis.
We have spoken only of the extent of drainage
work available. Let any one who leaves London
by the South-Western Railway look down to the
left as the train approaches Vauxhall, and he
may have an example, and that by no means
one of the worst, of the condition of the surfaces
of a large proportion of the suburban streets
occupied by the poorer ?lasses, who are paying
rents, amounting to eight, twelve, and fourteen
per cent. on the original cost of the construction
of their wretched dwellings.
Enough has been said to show the extent of
beneficial public work needed for the sanitary im-
provement of the metropolis, and that much of it
is of a character, as earth work, suitable for the
employment of labourers of the lowest class, who
form the largest proportion of those who are now
unemployed. We have justified the application
of this work on administrative principle; on which
we have further to observe, that no relief ought to
be given except in return for labour at task-work.
Roads must be made or repaired, and stanes must
be broken to repair them. The objection to
handle the hammer for this purpose is an objec-
tion of beggars and impostors, and ought not to
be listened to from able-hodied labourers.
Stone-breaking is good work for the purpose
whilst there is no better to be had, but, in pro-
as better work is to be had, stone-break-
obnoxious to the objection stated iu
ipiea:ti?n,
becomes
the dicta of the Commissioners above recited, and
t ought
n b
not
put aside for other occasions, when
there are
so many labourers of the clas4 of
o
artisans unemployed.
Emigration, at the public expense, is suggested
by some of our contemporaries as a means of
relief. But emigration at the public expense can
only be legitimately applied as a means for the
relief of a labour market, which is burthened
with labourers who arejpermanently redundant,
and there is no redundancy whilst such a mass of
necessary and beneficial labour remains t 3 be pro-
vided by the local boards, if they do their duty to
any reasonable extent. Indeed we should quite
expect, that as task work is laid out, at such
wages as will insure only a bare subs;stence—
such wages as can only be given correctly as pub-
lic relief in return for task work, the redundancy
will disappear, and work at better wages be found
by the operatives with the coming spring and
summer, and that the officers will be obliged to
raise the wages to the common market rate, or to
the former general level, to get the work com-
pleted.

DEATH OF THE EARL OF HAREWOOD.

It is with deep regret that we record the death of
the Earl of Harewood, who expired yesterday morning,
at 2 a.m., at Harewood House, the family seat, near
Leeds, death resulting from the injuries his lordship
sustained from the accident he met with while out hunt-
ing on the 24th ult. is only a week since the sur-
geons announced that, on account of the improvement
in the state of their noble patient, no more bulletins
would be issued ; but on Thursday last a relapse took
place, and on Friday the first bulletin of a renewed
series reported that his 'lordship was in a very precari-
ous state. No improvement seemed for a moment pro-
bable. His lordship expired surrounded by all the
members of his family.
The deceased, Henry Lascelles, Earl of Harewood,
Viscount Lascelles, and Baron Harewood, of Harewood,
county of York, in the
peerage of the United Kingdom,
was second son of Henry, second earl, by Henrietta,
eldest daughter of the late Sir Jno. Saunders Sebright,
Bart., and was horn 11th June, 1797. His elder
brother, George, died in Bohemia a few years before the
dissolution of his father. The deceased succeeded to the
earldom and large landed estates on the death of the
venerable peer in 1841. His lordship married sth July,
1823, Lady Louisa Thynne, second Alaughter of Thomas,
esond Marquis of Batb, by whom he leaves a numerous
family—his eldest son Henry Viscount Lascelles, born
18th June, 1824, succeeding to the family honours.
The late earl was lord-lieutenant of the West Riding
of Yorkshire, an honour previously held by his father.
He was formerly in the army, and was present with his
regiment, the tat Foot, or Grenadier Guards, at the
battle of Waterloo, being at that time one of the junior
ensigns in that corps. He after wards retired from the
army, and for several Parliaments prior to the passing
of the Reform Bill represented Northallerton in the
House of Commons.
By the melancholy demise of the earl the families of
the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, the Earl and Coun-
tess of Sheffield, Lord and Lady Portman, Lord and
Lady Wharncliffe, Lady Caroline Lascelles, the Earl of
Morton, the Marquis of Bath, the Earl and Countess
o.lwdor, Mr. and Lady Louisa Mills, &c., are placed in
mourning.

The Marchioness de la Rochejaquelin, authoress of the
famous memoirs on the civil war in La Vend6e, which
are not only a standard work in France, but have been
translated into every language in Europe, has just died
at an advanced age,

We copy from the official Hat, and we cannot
explain whether the two latter-named officers are

COURT CIRCULAR.

LATEST NE WS.

The Queen, accompanied by the Princess Royal, and
attended by Lady Churchill, took a drive in an open
baroucho and four on Saturday afternoon. Major-Gene-
ral the Hon. C. Grey attended on horseback.
His Royal Highness the Prince rode on horseback
with the Prince of Wales, on Saturday morning, and
went to Marlborough•house in the afternoon, attended
by Lieutenant-Colonel Ponsonby.
The Rev. Dr. Livingston, the African traveller, had
an interview with his Royal Highness Prince Albert on
Friday, at Buckingham Palace.

Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P. ; Mr. Arthur Anderson,
chairman, and Mr. Fergusson, manager, of the Crystal
Palace Company ; Mr. Coster ; and Mr. Rowley, trea-
surer of the Sacred Harmonic Society, had an interview
with his Royal Highness Prince Albert on Saturday on
the subject of the Grand Handel Festival at the Crystal
Palace.

The Prince of Wales, attended by Major. General
Wylde and Mr. Gibbs, visited the office of the Electrio
Telegraph Company, in Moorgate-street.

The Princess Alice visited her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Gloucester at Gloucester House, and the
younger Princesses took a carriage drive.
Her Majesty had a dinner party in the evening. The
company included their Royal Highnesses the Duchess
of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, the Turkish Am-
bassador and Madame Musurns, the Hanoverian Minis-
ter (Count Kielmansegge), the Marquis of Abercorn, and
Lady Louisa Hamilton, the Earl of Eglinton, the Coun-
tess de Flahatilt, Viscount Monck, the Right Hon. C.
P. Villiers, Sir John Ramsden, and the Lady and
Equerry in Waiting to the Duchess of Cambridge.
Yesterday her Majesty and his Royal Highness the
Prince, with the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal,
the Princesses Alice and Helena, the ladies and gentle-
men of the Court, and the domestic household, attended
Divine service in the private chapel of Buckingham
Palace. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor
officiated.

Preparations are making for the reception of the Court
at Windsor Castle on Monday, the 2d proximo.
Her Majesty, his Royal Highness Prince Albert, and
the royal family will return to Buckingham Palace, pre-
vious to the 12th of March, the day on which the tevee
has been announced,
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, who has
been residing at Frogmore House, is visited by their
Serene Highnesses the Princess of Hohenlobe-Langen-
burg and the Princess Feodore.

Prince Albert has appointed the sth of May for his
state visit to Manchester. On that day, therefore, the
grand opening of the Exhibition will take place.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge will
leave town this morning for Aldershot. His Royal High-
ness was to inspect the whole of the troops in camp at 12
o'clock.
His Excellency the Ambassador of France and the
Countess de Persigny entertained at dinner last evening,
at Albert-gate House, his Excellency the Portuguese
Minister and the Countess Lavradio, his Excellency the
Sardinian Minister, his Excellency the Swedish Minister
and Madame Hochschild, the Prince de La Moskowa,
the Spanish Charge d'Affaires and Madam Comyn, and
a select circle.
The Countess Bernstorff and her infant daughter are
progressing favourably. Her Majesty the Queen sent
on Friday, and again on Saturday, to inquire as to the
health of the Countess. A great many members of the
aristocracy have called during the last two days at the
residence of the Prussian Legation.
The Duke and Duchess' of Bedford arrived in town,
on Saturday, from Woburn Abbey.
The Duke of Roxburgh has left the Clarendon for
Broxieouth Park, Dunbar, N.B.
The Duke of Buccleuch has returned to Bowhill,
Selkirkshire, from town. The family do not intend to
come to Montague House for the season till after Easter.
Viscount Falmouth has left the Clarendon for Mere-
worth Castle, near Maidstone.
Lord and Lady Hatherton have left town for St.
Leonard's-on-Sea. His lordship occupies a suite of rooms
at Starkey's Victoria Hotel, on the Esplanade.
The Right Hon. the Speaker will give his Levees on
the evenings of Saturday, March 7, and Saturday, March
14, at ten o'clock precisely.
The Marquis of Abercorn has taken Brocket-hall of
Lady Palmerston, as the health of the marchioness has
been for some time in a delicate state, and a complete
change of scene has been recommended.
J. Johues, Esq., of Dalancothy, has been appointed
Provincial Grand Master for South. Wales, vice Lord
Milford, deceased.
We regret to announce the death of Lady Yarde
Buller, wife of Sir John Yarde Buller, Bart., M.P.,
which mournful event happened on Friday last, at Lup-
ton, the hon. baronet's seat in Devonshire. The deceased
lady was eldest daughter of Mr. Thomas Wilson Patten,
and sister of Mr. John Wilson Patten, M.P. for Lanett-
shire, and she married Sir John Buller in 1853.
VISIT OF THE PRINCE OF WALES TO THE ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH.-0a Saturday afternoon the Prince of
Wales, accompanied by Major-General Wylde, Mr.
Gibbs, and Dr. Becker, visited the Electric and Interna-
tional Telegraph Company's station in Lothbnry. • 'His
Royal Highness was received by Messrs. Critchiey,
Marsh Phillips, and Till, three of the directors, and pro-
ceeded to inspect all the departments of the establish-
ment. The Prince's attention appeared particularly at-
tracted by the direct telegraphic communication with
Hamburg, Berlin, Vienna, &c., and he expressed much
gratification with his visit.
OFFICIAL APPOINTMENTS —Mr. Charles Alison, now
Oriental Secretary at Constantinople, hag been appointed
Secretary to her Majesty's Embassy at the Porte.. The
recorderships, vacated by Mr. Bevan, county court judge,
have been filled up by the appointment of Mr. E. W.
Cox to Helaton and Falmouth, and of Mr. W. M. Bere
to Penzance. Mr. H. Phillips, senior clerk at the Wor-
ship-street police-court, has been appointed chief clerk at
the Maryiebone police-court, in the place of Mr. Fell,
deceased ; and Mr. Hurlstone, second clerk at the Wor-
ship-street police court, bas been promoted to be chief
clerk.
THE MINT.—The total amount of money advanced
from the con-olidated fund since 1837 (inclusive) for the
purchase of bullion for coinage 13 5,318,0291., of which
the sum of 450,0001. was advanced last year. The total
amount paid into the Bank of England in repayment of
such advances from the fund (since 1837) is 5,220,0001.
WEST KENT ELECTION.—The official declaration of
the poll took place at Maidstone on Saturday. J.
Savage, Esq., the High Sheriff, having stated the num-
bers polled —Which were, fur Mr. Martin, 3,557 ; for
Sir W. Riddell, 3,149 ; majority for Martin, 408—de-
clared the former duly elected, an announcement which
was received with loud cheering. Mr. Martin then made
a short speech, thanking the electors for the honour
couferred upon him, and, after a vote of thanks to the
High Sheriff, the meeting separated.
MEDIJAL REFORM.—We have now before us the
Draught of a Bill, the result of the conferences which
have been lately held at the College of Physicians of
London, where delegates from all the medical corpora-
tions of the United Kingdom assembled, all of whom
have agreed to it. It has also received the support of the
Universities of Oxford and Dublin, and there is every
reason to suppose that it will have the active support of
the University of Cambridge. There are, however, a few
minor details, relating solely to ,the Scotch and Irish
colleges, which have been referred for arrangement to

the three members of the House of Commons who have
charge of the bill, Sir Gilbert Heathcote, M.P. for Ox-
ford Universi,y, Mr. Napier, M.P. for Dublin Univer-
sity, arid Mr. Headlam, whose name is already known
in connection with the subject. 1 series of very strong
resolutions in support of the bill, passed by the Univer-
sity of Oxford, were read at the College of Physicians ;
and these, it is hoped, will in due time be published.—
Leercet.

SECONDARIES' COURT, SATURDAY.—CRI3I. CON.—
DAMAGES, 1,000/.—TOMKINS V. DRADGE.—This was an

inquiry to assess damages in an action brought to reco-
ver compensation for criminal conversation with the
plaintiff's wife, the defendant having allowed Judgment
to go by default. Mr. Edwards appeared for the plain-
tiff, and stated that the plaintiff was rector of Linsey,
.

I in Suffolk, and the defendant was an officer in the 85:1;
Regiment. The plaintiff was married to Mrs. Tomkins
in 1853, and they lived harmoniously together until, un-
happily, the defendant, who had been an old friend of
the plaintiff, was introduced to the parties. The evidence
of two of the female servants who had lived with the
plaintiff proved that the defendant and Mrs. Tomkins
had lived together as man and wife in Bristol and other
places. The evidence being considered perfectly conclu-
sive, the jury assessed the damages at 1,000/.
Mr. Tennant, the young English; or rather Irish,
tenor, who made his debut in Dublin last year, during
the short season of Italian opera, is engaged to accom-
pany Miss Catherine Hayes on an operatic tour in Ire-
land in the months of March and April.
Madame Victoria Balfe, daughter of the celebrated
composer, will make her debut in the musical world
during the ensuing season. The geat advantages the
young lady lias derived from a well-directed education
in the classical schools of the Continent, combined with
the natural vocal powers she is said to possess, suffi-
ciently warrant the belief that she will achieve suoce-s
worthy of her name. When it is stated that, in addi-
tion to her other attractive qualities, are added great
personal recommendations, the public will have cause to
think that Mr. Beale, who is to introduce her to their
notice, is deserving of their congratulation.
Madame Grisi and Madame Gassier, together with
the other Italian artistes who at present constitute Mr.
Beale's operatic troupe in the provinces, have recently
accomplished a feat which affords almomewlia,t remarkable
instance of the rapidity of locomotion in the present day.
On the 9th and 10th instant they performed at the
Theatre Royal, Liverpool, in the operas of the " Trova-
tore" and " Don Giovanni ;" on the 11th in a grant con-
cert in St. George's Hall, Bradford ; on the 12th in the
opera of "La Traviata," at the Theatre Royal, New-
castle-upon Tyne; on the 13th and 14th in a grand
concert at Durham ; and in two concerts and the opera
of "Lucia di Lammermoor," at Edinburgh. The chief
attraction of the tour has been "D. Don Giovanni," the
novelty of representing this great work in the provinces,
combined with the excellence of the performances, hav-
ing drawn larger audiences than have ever before been
seen in any of the towns where Italian opera has been
produced. The first appearance of Madame Gassier in
"La Traviata" has also been one of the greatest suc-
cesses of the enterprise, her' acting and singing having
been applauded throughout with the greatest enthusiasm,
and the local papers having commented on her perform-
ancee ih the most eulogistic terms.

AUSTRALIA.

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY MORNING.

The Ocean Chief brings advices from Melbourne
to the 2cl of December, and 72,000 ounces of
gold.
An improvement was observable in the returns
from nearly all the gold fields.

Ministers had been defeated on a trivial queE•

Lion.

Parliament assembled on the 25th, and elected
Dr. Francis Murphy Speaker. Though the Opp -
sition was dissatisfied with the Address, no dis-

dare war, and did not draw her sword. The object
of the convention has therefore never existed ; this
document, in spite of the assertion of Mr. Dis-
raeli, can never have been carried into execution,
and was not of a lasting nature ; the re-establish-
ment. of peace has transformed it into a dead letter."
The Independence Beige corrects what it calls an
error in the semi-official article published in the
Constitetionnel on the treaty signed in December,
1854, between Austria and France, and referred to
by Mr. Disraeli in the House of Commons. The
Independence says that Austria did not engage by
that treaty to act against Russia, but on the (AEr
hand, if disturbances had arisen in Italy during the
war, although Austria had not marched a single
man against Russia, she, in virtue of the stipula-
tions signed at Vienna the 22d Dec., would have
had a right to demand the support of the Fresch
army to re-establish order in Italy, and maintain
her authority, if such assistance were required.
The treaty was limited to the duration of the war,
and the Treaty of Paris of the 30th March last put
an end to it.