The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY it 1859.

called in to Futtehpore, and he aitd his elder son
were hanged. The second son fled to Bainie
Madhoo for protection, and was assured that he
would never be abandoned. Out of 223 villages
on Bainie Madhoo's estates 119 were taken from
him on the second revision, after annexation ; but,
as he was assured that any complaints of unjust
treatment in former days would be considered in
the event of his submission, it must be supposed he
had some strong personal feeling at work for the
extraordinary animosity he has displayed against
us. It will be seen that the Begum, of whose
remarkable counter-proclamation • I send a copy
further on, with much unction expatiates on our
known character for unrelenting revenge and vin-
dictiveness, and with great art enlarges on the
reasons for doubting the possibility of amnesty or
pardon.

Let us, then, see what the Queen of 0 ude, as she
is called, has to say to the Queen of England. Here
is her Majesty's counter-proclamation, translated
indeed very cleverly, I hear, but still deficient in
the subtlety and elegant diction of the original.
And be it observed here that if our proclamation
was couched in a phraseology but little understood
by the people, the Begum's manifesto is open to the
objection in a far greater degree, inasmuch as it is
written in the finest Court Persian. The document
is headed by a fine regal seal, and is in all respects
a regular Oriental State paper. It will be remarked
that its production affords significant proof that the
Queen's Proclamation had reached Buraech, and
that it was producing an effect which the Begum's
party 'found it essential to neutralise or destroy.

_ -
TRANSLATION.
(By order.)
"At this time certain weak-minded, foolish people have
spread a report that the English have forgiven the faults
and crimes of the people of Hindostan. This appears very
astonishing, for it is the unvarying custom of the English
never to forgive a fault, be it great or small, so much so
that if a small offence be committed through ignorance or
negligence they never forgive it.
" The Proclamation of the Ist of November, 1858, which
has come before us is perfectly clear ; and as some foolish
people, not understanding the real object of the Proclama-
tion, have been carried away, therefore we, the ever abiding
government parents of the people of Oude, with great con-
sideration, put forth the present Proclamation in order that
the real object of the chief points may be exposed and our
subjects be placed on their guard.
. .

a 1. It is ;written in the Proclamation that the country of
Hindostan, which was held in trust by the Company, has
been resumed by the Queen, and that for the future the
Queen's laws shall be obeyed. This is not to be trusted by
our religious subjects, for the laws of the Company, the
settlement of the Company, the English servants of the
Company, the Governor-Generalond the judicial adminis-
tration ofthe Company, are all unchanged. What, then, is
there new which can benefit the people, or on which they
can rely?
2.. In the Proclamation it is written that all contracts
and agreements entered into by the Company will be ac-
cepted by the Queen. Let the people carefully oliseri-e this,
artifice. The Company has seized on the whole of Hindos-
tan, and, if this arrangement be accepted, what islhere new
in it? The Company professed to treat the Chief of Bhirrt-
pore as a son, and then took his territory ; . the Chief of La-
hore was carried off to London, and it has not fallen to his
lot toreturn ; the Newel) Shumshoodeen Khan onone side
they hanged, and on the other side they took of their hats
and salaamed to him; the Peishwah -they expelled from
Poonah Sitra, and imprisoned for life in Bithoor ; their
breach of faith with Sultan Tippoo is well known ; the Ra-
jah of Benares they imprisoned in Agra. Under pretence of
administering the country of the Chief of Gwalior, thy in-
troduced English customs; they have left no name or traces
of the Chiefs of Behar, Orissa, and Bengal; they gave the
Rues of Furruckabad a small monthly- allowance, and
took his territory, Shahjehanpore, Azimghur,
Jounpore, Goruckpore, Etowah, Allahabak Futtehpore,
&c. Our ancient possessions they .took- from us on
pretence of distributing pay ; and in the 7th article
of the treaty they wrote on oath that they would
take no more from us. If then the arrangements made by
the Company are to be accepted, what is the difference be-
tween the former and the present state of things ? These
are old affairs • but recently, in defiance of treaties and
oaths, and notwithstanding that they owed us millions of
rupees, without reason and on pretence of the misgovern-
ment and discontent of our people, they took our country
and property, worth millions of rupees. If our people were
discontented with our Royal predecessor, WajidAlly Sliah,
how comes it they are content with us ? And no ruler ever
experienced such loyalty and devotion of life and goodi as
we have done. What, then, is wanting that they do not
restore our country?
" Further, it is written in the Proclamation, that the y
want no increase of territory, but yet they cannot refrain
from annexation. If the Queen has assumed the Govern-
ment, why does her Majesty not restore our 'country to us
when Our people wish it? It is well known that no King
or Queen ever punished a whole army and people for rebel-
lion ; all were forgiven, and the wise cannot approve of
punishing the whole army and people of Hindostan, for, so
long as the word ' punishment ' remains, the disturbances
will not be suppressed. There is a well-known proverb—
' A dying man is desperate ' (hfurta kya ne kurta). •It is
impossible that a thousand should attack a million, and the
thousand escape.
" 3. In the Proclamation it is written, that the Christian
religion is true, but no other creed will -suffer oppression,
and that the laws will be observed towards all: -What has
the administration of justice to do with the truth or false-
hood of a religion? That religion is true which acknow-
ledges one God and knows no other. Where there are
three Gods in a religion neither Mussulmen nor Hindoos—
nay, not even Jews, Sun-worshippers, or Fire-worshippers
can believe it true. To eat pigs and drink wine, to bitegreased
cartridges and to mix pig's fat with flour and sweetmeats, to
destroy Hindoo and Mu.ssulman temples on pretence of mak-
ing roads, to build churches, to send clergymen into the
streets and alleys to preach the Christian religion, to insti-
tute English schools, and pay people a monthly stipend for
learning the English sciences, while the places of worship
of Hindoos and Mussulmans are to this day entirely neglected
—with all this, how can the people believe that religion
will not be interfered with ? The rebellion began with
religion, and for it millions of men have been killed. Let
not our subjects be deceived; thousands were deprived of
their religion in the North-West, and thousands were
hanged rather than abandon their religion.
"4. It is written in the Proclamation that they who har-
boured rebels, or who were leaders of rebels, or whocaused
men to rebel, shall have their lives, but that punishment
shall be awarded after deliberation, and that murderers and
abettors of murderers shall have no mercy shown' them,
while all others shall be forgiven. Any foolish person can
see that under this Proclamation no -one, be he guilty or
innocent, can escape. Everything is written, and yet
nothing is written, but they have clearly written that they
will not let off any one implicated ; and in whatever village
or estate the army may have halted, the inhabitants of that
place cannot escape. We are deeply concerned for the-ooh--
dition. of our people,_ on reading this Proclamation, which
palpably teems with enmity. We now issue a distinct order,
and one that may be 'trusted--that all subjects who may
have foolishly presented themselves as heads of villages to
the Eng,lish, shall, before the Ist of January next, present
themselves in our carap: Without doubt their faults shall
be forgiven them, 'and they shall be treated according to
their merits. To-believe in this Proclardation, it is only
necessary to renter:lib& thaalindostani rulers are altogether
kind and merciful: Thousands 'have seen this, millions
have heard it. No one has ever seen in a dream that the
English forgave an offence.
"5. In this Proclamation it is written that when peace
is restored, public works, such as roads aid canals, will be
made in order to improve the condition of the people. It is
worthy of a, little reflection, that they have promised no
better employment for Hindostanees than making roads and
digging
.canals. If people cannot see clearly what this
means, there is no help for them. Let no subject. be de-
ceived by the. Proclamation.
(A true translation) ~
"Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oude."

. It will be ' for statesmen, the press, and public
opinion to weigh' the nature of this remarkable
paper. . The Begum does not pre.tend to go over the
old ground of the causes of the revolt and mutiny.
She is e.mite.nt to rest , the quarrel on our habits of
aggression and our annexation, in charges of perfidy
and vindictiveness, and on the nullity of the pre-
tended change in our rule, with other matters
patent in the document itself. The insinuation
that we intend to doom the natives of Hindostan to
slave labour on roads and canals, in the last para-
graph, is particularly clever. But the natives, with
all their insouciance, are a remarkably practical race
in ascertaining the "but" of any State paper; and
when they ask themselves what is the end of the
Begum's proclamation, and find that it is simply a
summons to appear in her camp on the Ist of
January, they will, .in all 'probability, treat her
Majesty's wishes with indifference; for they are
beginning to feel that the cause is hopeless.

PUTTING THE SADDLE ON THE RIGHT HORSE,=
The post of baggage master on a railroad is not an enviable
one. , There is often a wide distinction between the com-
pany's regulations and the passengers' opinion of what arti-
cles, and what amount of them, properly come'under the de-
nomination of baggage, and this difference of opinion fre-
quently subjects the unlucky official oftlie trunk and band-
box department to animated discussions with a certain class
of the travelling public. We have lately heard an anec-
dote of " George," the baggage master on Captain Cobb's
train on the Virginian and Tennessee road, which is
altogether too good to bo lost passenger presented
hiniself at a way station 'on the road • with two
trunks and a saddle, for which he requested cheques.
The baggage master promptly checked the trunks,
but demanded the extra charge of 25 cents for the saddle.
To this the passenger demurred, and, losing his temper,
peremptorily asked,—" Will you check 'my baggage, Sir?"
' Are you a horse ?"• quietly inquired our logical friend
George. " What do you mean, Sir.?": exclaimed , the .now
irate traveller. " You claim to have this saddle checked as
baggage ?" "Certainly, it is baggage," positively returned
the passenger. "Well," said the imperturbable George,
by'the company'S regulations nothing but wearing apparel
is admitted to be baggage, and if this saddle is your wear-
ing apparel of course you must be a horse. Now, sir,
allow me to strap it on your back, and you shall gti to the,
end of the roil without any extra charge whatever !" The
traveller paid his quota.—Boston Courier,

[ADVERTIBEMENT.]—Rarey's How and Cattle Improv-
ing Food improves the stamina, vigour, endurance, and
muscle of ill-conditioned or apparently worn-eut Horses,
Cows, Bullocks, Calves, Sheep, and. Pigs. It causes no
extra expense, as it contains far more and better nourish-
ment than its cost of lid. per feed supplies in corn or
hay; hence ensures an actual saving.. In a short time it
improves the appearance and value of horses and cattle by
20 to 30 per cmt. Rarey and Co., sole importers, 77, Pic-
cadilly, Quad.ant, London. Packed in tins -of about 42
feeds, 6s. ; of about 90 feeds, lls. • in casks of about 450
feeds, 50s. ; cf about 1,000 feeds, £5, being about lid. per
feed. Goods forwarded on receipt of Post-office Orders.
Important Caition--Beware of 'spurious imitations offered
by the ignorait and unscrupulous, All imitator's will b 3
proceeded sganst,

MINERAL WEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

(From the Colonial Xining Journal of Australia, Nov. 4.)
VICTORIA.—SeveraI specimens of iron ore have
been handed to us, which have been obtained from
different spots on the Avoca River ; they have been
assayed, and have yielded from 40 to 57 per cent. of
pure iron. There cannot be any doubt that when
gold-mining operations are conducted on a larger
scale the large quantity of machinery required will
create a necessity for manufacturing our own iron ;
and perhaps this would have already taken place
under the large demand of the present iron trade
in this colony had those necessary fluxes required
in the manufacture of this article also been found.
Nature has so arranged it, generally, that where
4 iron ore has been found, there also the required
fluxes for its reduction have likewise been at hand;
we have no doubt that now iron in the ore has been
found, and in conjunction the requisite fluxes, the
manufacture of iron will prove profitable even in
this colony, provided the place of manufacture is
easily accessible and, convenient for such operations.
We have been informed of localities where iron ore
has been found contiguous to the sea, yet it ap-
pears that its value has not been sufficiently appre-
ciated to have led to any systematic exploration of
the localities in question ; we have also heard from
a reliable source that alluvial tin, as well as tin
ore, have been found in the valley of the Avoca, but
we have not received detailed particulars ; all we
learn is, that the district where the ore was found
is granite, and that the alluvial tin is similar to
that found on the Ovens, being intermixed with
auriferous deposits. This is the first instance which
has come under our observation in this colony of
the discovery of tin ore in its matrix. The alluvial
tin procured at the Ovens, usually called black
sand, is generally of a very fine quality, and has
realised as much as £BO to £9O per ton in England;
still the search for alluvial tin has received no at-
tention except what has been obtained from gold-
washings.
.-
.SOUTH AUSTRALIA.—The late rise in the copper
standard in England, and on the continent of
Europe, has given a great impetus to copper min-
ing in this colony. The success attending the sale
of the shares of the North Rhine Copper Mining
Company on the London Stock Exchange has led
many persons to prosper for new copper lodes,
and we have no doubt that in the course of time
other "Burras Burras" will be found in this colony,
already so famous for its copper mines. The North
Rhine Copper Company had a parcel of 100 tons of
ore, the result of four men's labour, sent to London
to be tested, and the average percentage was found
to be 32 per cent. of fine copper. Owing to the rise
of the copper standard, less productive copper ores
are being worked and smelted on the mine. The
North Rhine Copper Mine is said to be favourably
situated, and equally rich, if not richer, than the
Burra Mine, and is likely to prove a powerful rival
to the latter. A gentleman who has been a resi-
dent of South Australia for many years, during
which time he explored that colony in various direc-
tions, informs us that it is also rich in other mine-
ran, and he expresses no doubt that the eastern
portion of that country, where it joins Victoria,
contains auriferous deposits and quartz veins. We
are promised further particulars.
The marble quarries are likely to prove a source
of wealth. Several orders for marble from Victoria
are now being completed, and there is no doubt that
a great demand for this article will take place in
England when once' the qualities of this splendid
building stone are properly known.
NEW SOUTH WALES.—We learn the important
fact that the new mining regulations, giving fixity
of tenure of considerable areas of auriferous lands,
and for long periods, is already manifesting a salu-
tary influence in the revival of the mining interests
of this colony. Although the late Port C'Urtis rush
has considerably interfered with the. progress of
mining industry, still it is gratifying to know that
most of the miners are now returning, and, as a
necessary consequence of their dearly-bought expe-
rience, will most likely become steady occupiers of
the mining districts of this province, with every
prospect of obtaining good and permanent employ-
ment in connection with the many mining compa-
nies now in process of formation ; or, if their means
will admit, they may obtain fixity of tenure for
themselves of more than one likely patch of auri-
ferous ground, with the cheering prospect of work-
ing the same profitably and undisturbed for a consi-
derable time. In Sydney many capitalists are now
ready, to invest in mining speculations ; and there
is a general impression current that capitalists in
Great Britain, once assured of the safe and profit-
able investments which New South Wales now
offers to the world, there will be no lack of money
forthcoming.
TASMANIA.—This beautiful island, which has so
justly been styled the " Garden of Australia," is now
anxiously engaged in the search for a workable
gold field, which we, have no doubt, sooner or later,
will be found, as the geological stratum is but a
continuation of that of the Australian .continent.
We are told that a large tract of the western por-
tion of Tasmania belongs to the schistose and
quartzose formation, and would in all probability,
if properly explored, be found auriferous. Since
Victoria has turned attention more to agriculture,
the demand for Tasmania produce has somewhat
declined, and disappointed the sanguine expecta-
tions of those who at one time almost exclusively
supplied us with agricultural produce. This may be
assigned as the chief reason why Tasmania is now
applying her energies in the search for Mineral
wealth, and we have no doubt she will be rewarded
ere long, not only with the discovery of a permanent
gold field, but also with deposits of other profitable
minerals. We propose dwelling more minutely on
the geological characteristics of Tasmania.

TILE RIOT 01, COLLIERS ON STRIKE
AT WIGAN.

In consequence of the strike amongst the colliers
Of the Wigan district for an advance of 2d. in the
shilling, Wigan is at present in .a very unsatisfac-
tory and unsettled state. The nightly meetings
during the past week have been looked upon by
the authorities with no small degree of alarm, as
several of ,the men at work, termed " knobsticks,"
have been seveyely...lleaten at such. hours and locali-
ties as to render it almost mpossible that a proper
identification of their assai.knts can be effected.
On Sattklayi.Monday, Tuesday", and Wednesday,
attempts 'WrOtriatle 'to stop the colliers who were
going to work, and these attempts in some instances
were successful, though in others 'the parties at-
tacked have been victorious. Nothin, however,
of importance occurred until Thutsday morning,
when a' large mob assembled near St. Patrick's
Chapel, Hardybutts, and, .after extinguishing the
gas lamps in the neighuourhood, brutally attacked
two men, assistants at the Ince-hall Colliery, kick-
ing them severely about the head and shoulders.
On Thursday a meeting of the men was held at
Hindley, when about 3,000 assembled, and a
meeting was also held the same day at the Horse
and Jockey, Scholes. At the conclusion Of these
assemblages a procession was formed, which pro-
ceeded through the principal streets-, of the town,
with a baud of music at their head, finally directing
their steps towards the Scholes. The number of
this procession was between 1,000 and 1,500.
After marching through Scholes and Ince
this mob, whose numbers were- swelled to
2,000, about 12 o'clock took possession of the Bri-
tannia-bridge, over the Leeds and Liverpool Canal,
and on. the road to the works of the Ince Hall Coal
and Cannel Company, over which the men there
employed—in number about 500, and who, after
remaining on strike for a few days determined to
ieturn to work, thus incurring the obnoxious appel-
lation.cf " knobsticks,"—must pass on their way to
work. Mr. Peters the police inspector of the dis-
trict, having received information of this'assembly,
marshalled his men, 23 in number, and proceeded
in the direction of the bridge, halting at a distance
of 40 or 50 yards from the mob, and near a cartroad
leading to the pits of the Ince Hall Coal Company,
Which are here situated between the Leeds and
Liverpool Canal and the Lancashire and Yorkshire
Railway. The inspector, leaving his men at this
spot, boldly marched forward, confronted the turn-
outs, and asked what they intended to do. A re-
presentative of the colliers was soon found, who
stepped forward to the front, bearing in his hand a
large bludgeon. Addressing the inspector, he said
--" So thou'rt Peters, th',sermeant " (the inspector
had been recently promoted from the rank of a ser-
geant) ; "if thou're not off wi' thee, I'll split thy
skull in two." " Why, lam not going to do any-
thing," said the inspector ; and was advancing,
when the fellow menaced him with the bludgeon,
shouting, " Stand back, or down the goes,' So,
finding it impossible to make any impression upon
the colliers, he called to his force to advance, on
Which one of the turnouts said, " If you do, we'll
certainly fire upon you." The inspector retired, and
had no sooner joined the other officers, than a heavy
shower of stones was discharged at the little body.
The inspector was struck on his arm and back, and
several of the force also received heavy blows.
They, however, stood their ground for some time,
but were, of course, utterly unable to cope with the
immense concourse, who completely achieved the
Object for which they assembled, viz., the preven-
tion of the colliers going to work, as scarcely half
a dozen out of the 600 employed reached the works
that morning. The police force.then retired to the
pits of the company, while various bodies of turn-
outs guarded the different approaches to the town.
In this state affairs continued until morning-440
turnouts remaining conpletp possession of the
bridge till near five o'clock, at which hour they
dispersed.. During this time their shouts were
Plainly heard in Wigan, but the police were s 2

completely hemmed in that they could not com-
municate with the authorities.

About two o'clock in the morning information was
received at the Wigan borough police-office of the
disordered state of Ince, when Mr. Simm, the chief
constable, immediately summoned to his aid Mr.
Henry Woodcock, mayor, Mr. Thomas Cook, and Mr.
Joseph Ingram, deputy mayor. The whole of the
borough police force were immediatelycall ed together
and placed under arms, put through their exercises,
and made ready for immediate action, if necessary ;
but as there was no outbreak in the borough.--
Britannia-bridge being just beyond the boundary
—it was deemed advisable, as there had been no
previous arrangement, not to take the men to
the spot to act upon the offensive, as the place
was out of their jurisdiction. The three magis-
tiates above mentioned remained at the police-
office until five o'clock, when Mr. Part, the clerk to
the magistrates arrived, and in his charge the force
was left until nine o'clock.

A special meeting. of the magistrates—borough
and county—was held at nine o'clock in the Town
hall, when evidence of the unsettled and unsatis-
factory state of the town having been brought
foward, it was resolved, about half.past 10 o'clock,
to telegraph to Manchester for a company of sol-
diers, who would be prepared for any emergency
that might arise.. A message was accordingly sent
to Col. Wilbraham, the assistant adjutant-general,
and a few minutes after .one o'clock a special train
arrived on the London and North-Western Railway,
bringing a company numbering 100 of the 22d
Regiment, who are now stationed in the town. No
actual violence was then being committed by the
colliers; and to allay any excitement Which might
be produced by the appearance of the military, they
were at once marched to the Grammar School,
where they were to hold themselves in readiness
should there be any further disturbance.
We learn that a number of the workmen of
Messrs. Case and Morris, who were proceeding to
the pits on Friday morning, under the escort of Mr.
Br ham, the manager, and Police-constable Wilson,
of Ince, were attacked by a body of the turn-outs ;
but they were completely repulsed by the exertions
of the men, with little or no injury to themselves.
This being the state of things in the district, it
may
.be supposed that the feeling of security.of
the inhabitants of the town was in no wise
strengthened by the assemblage, about nine
o'clock, of several hundreds of colliers at the
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Station, to wel-
come Mr. W. P. Roberts, solicitor, Manchester,
who had been engaged to defend 14 colliers, sum-
moned for leaving work without notice by Messrs.
Pearson, Knowles, and Co. He arrived soon after
half-past nine, and was accompanied through the
streets by a large number of colliers.
At 1.1 o'clock, the hour at which the court opens,
a dense mob surrounded the Moot-hall, rendering
it extremely difficult for pedestrians or vehicles to
pass in the street below, and as soon as the doors
were thrown open to the public every available
spot was occupied. So great was the excitement
that it was a very general impression that had a
conviction taken place a riot would have ensued.
Mr. Mayhew, however, the solicitor for the prose-
cutors, having consulted with Mr. Roberts, applied
for an adjournment for a fortnight. Mr. Acton said
it was exceedingly satisfactory for them to perceive
the course which had been taken. Even had an
adjournment not been asked for, it was their inten-
tion not to go into the cases for a fortnight.
'On Mr. Roberts leaving the court he was loudly
cheered by the dense . crowd which filled the court
and its approaches. He was escorted down to the
Clarence Hotel, on his entering which he was again'
cheered. The crowd waited outside the hotel until
his departure by rail to Manchester, when the col-
liers lined the walls of the station—the train
departing amidst the waving of caps and loud
acclamation.—Manehester Guardian.