The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-17 00:00:00

HAY MARKETS.

SMITHFIELD.—Meadow hay, £2 Os to £5 las Od ; clover
do., £3 108 to £5 15s ; and straw, £1 103 to £2 Os per load.
A fair demand.
CUMBERLAND.— Meadow hay, £2 lOs to £5 15s ;
clover, £3 lOs to £5 12s Od ; and straw, £1 lOs to £2 2s
per load. A slow trade.
WRITECHAPEL. Meadow hay, £2 5s to 10s Od;
clover, £3 lOs to £5 12s Od ; and straw, £1 lOs to £2 Os
per load. Trade less active.

4TH KENT (WooLwldn) RIFLES.—The members
of this corps, accompanied by its band, under the command
of Captain Carter, assembled at the Royal Arsenal last
evening at seven o'clock and marched to the town hall,
where the corps was inspected by Captain Jacson, Adjutant
of the Ist Kent Battalion, and subsequently a series of
evolutions were performed in a manner which elicited the
commendation of the officer named.
THE 3D CITY OF LONDON RIFLES.—Last night
this corps, which is composed entirely of artisans and work-
ing men, mustered for company and battalion drill in the
Floral Hall, the use of which had beau kindly lent to them
by Mr. Gye for that purpose. About 1,600 members are
already enrolled ; and, with the exception of the Six Feet
Guards, it is perhaps the only volunteer force which has a
bright scarlet uniform. The dress, which consists of a
handsome tunic very similar to that worn by the Cold-
streams, a red cap to match, and dark trousers, costs less
than £3, of which 15s. need only be paid down, and the
remainder by shilling instalments to be paid every week.
The corps takes the place of the old City of London Buffs,
but for that designation the authorities have substituted
" the 3d City of London Rifles." There were
more than 300 present last night, and their ap-
pearance bespoke them to bo a rather superior body
among the class to which they belong. Colonel Sir Wm.
de Bathe, Bart., assisted by Major Richards, Adjutant
Furnivall, Captain Leverson, and Captain do Carteret, put
the men through their drill, and notwithstanding the little
instruction they have received, they acquitted themselves
in a very creditable manner. Only a few spectators were
allowed to enter the hall ; but the windows of the Opera
House were occupied by many persons, who seemed to take
considerable interest in watching the movements of this
newly organised corps of volunteers. There is to be a simi-
lar muster every Wednesday evening at the same place.
DIED OF BAD A In:---The reports of coroners'
inquests daily show the great need there is for sanitary
teaching. Every week i n the metropolis alone children are
suffocated in bed or und,er the shawls of mothers. They
die, as the coroner is cot istantly stating, in consequence of
inhaling their own breath, which is a compound of carbonic
acid gas. They are, in fact, in the same situation as a per-
son who is locked up in a room which is full of the fumes
of charcoal. The children aro gradually overpowered by
the deleterious atmosphere, and die without a struggle, it
being thought that they were in a sound sleep. Another
instance of the fatal effects of poisonous atmosphere has been
brought before the public in the case of William Saunders
and Caroline, his wife, who were found dead in the room of
a house in a court in Bristol. This accident, if it may be
so called, shows to what tn extent the soil may be polluted
by the escape from gas-pl'pes. Such a case of sudden death I
is evidence of the power oX evil gases. In a slower but no
, less sure, manner, carelessness in the trapping of sinks and
the ill-construction or rotten condition of drains do deadly
work in ill-ventilated apartments. We halYe before alluded
to the fact, and again find it necessary to rOmark that in
the cold weather a large number of fatal cases of fever hap-
pen in the crowded dwellings of the poor; any 1 these are
caused chiefly by the blocking up as closely aspassible of
all apertures which would afford the chance of vel
tce and
The houses thus situated become places of pestilel
danger.—Builder.
t e SACRED HARMONIC SOCTETY---EXETER TIA-"b.7 .
The second great meeting of the 1,600 amateur men
[ of the London division ( )1. the Handel Festival Choir will
be held on Friday next, Jan. 18, when Beethoven's Grztnd
Mass in D will be rch ;faxed wider the direction Pi Mr.
Costa,

TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND
CHINA.

The St. Petersburg Gazette publishes the text of
a treaty concluded at Pekin on the 14th of Novem
ber last between Russia and China. It was ratified
at St. Petersburg on the Ist of January, 1861, by
the Emperor.
General Ignatieff acted for Russia, and Prince
Kong for China.
The treaty consists of fifteen articles.
The substance of these articles is as follows :
"Art. I.—Henceforth the eastern frontier be-
tween the two Empires shall commence from the
junction of the Rivers Chilka and Argoun, will
follow the course of the River Amour to the junc-
tion of the River Ousouri with the latter. The
land on the left bank [to the north] of the River
Amour belongs to the Empire of Russia, and the
territory on the right bank [to the south] to the
junction of the River Ousouri to the Empire of
China. Further on, the frontier line between the
two Empires, from the point of issue of the River
Sou'gatcha, divides the late Hinkai and takes the
direction of the River Belen-ho (Tour); from the
mouth of that river it follows the mountain range
to the mouth of the river Houpitou [Houptou], and
from that point the mountains situated between the
River Khoun-tchoun and the sea, as far as the
River Thou-men-kiang. Along this line, equally,
the territory on the east side belongs to the Empire
of Russia, and that on the west to the Empire of
China. The frontier line rests on the River Thou-
men-Kiang at twenty Chinese verstes [li] above its
mouth into the sea.

"Art. 2.—The frontier line on the west side,
hitherto unfixed, will henceforth follow the moun-
tain range, the course of the great rivers, and the
actually existing lines of Chinese outposts. Start-
ing from the last lighthouse, called Chabin-dabaga,
established in 1728, after the Treaty of Kiaktha, it
will run in a south-easterly direction, as far as the
lake Dsai•sang, and thence to the mountains
situated south of the lake Issyk-koul, and called
Ten-gri-than, or Alatan of the Khirgise, otherwise
called Thian-chan-Nanlou [southern ranges of the
Celestial Mountains] and along those mountains to
the possessions of Kokand.
" Art. 3.—Henceforth all those frontier questions
which may arise shall be settled according to the
stipulations of Articles 1 and 2 of the present treaty,
and for placing the boundary marks to the east,
from the Lake Hinkai to the river Thou-men-Kiang;
and to the west, from the Chabin-dabaga lighthouse
to the possessions of Kokand, the Russian and
Chinese Governments shall appoint Commissioners.
For the inspection of the eastern frontiers the Com-
missioners will meet at the junction of the river
Ousouri in the month of April next. For the
inspection of the western frontier the Commissioners
will meet at Tarbagatai at a period not yet fixed.
Duplicates of maps with the frontier line marked,
and duly certified by the respective Commissioners,
&c., will be exchanged.
" Art. 4.—On the whole frontier line established
by Article 1 and 2 of the present treaty, trade free
of all duty or restrictions is established between
the subjects of the two States. The local authori-
ties are bound to give special protection to such
trade, and to those who exercise it.
"At the same time the enactments relative to
trade established by the second article of the
treaty of Aigcun are confirmed.
"Art. s.—ln addition t 3 the trade existing at
Kiakhta, the RusLian merchants will enjoy their
former privilege of going czom Kiakhta to Pekin
OR commercial business. On their way, they are
also allowed to trade at Ourga and at Kalgan,
without, however, being obliged to maintain large
commercial establishments there. The Russian
Government will have the tight of keeping a
Consul at Ourga with suite, and of erecting a build•
ing there for that purpose. For the 2 requisite
ground an arrangement will be made with the
local authorities of Ourga.
_ _ _

"The Chinese merchants are equally authorised
to enter Russia to trade, if so inclined.
"Russian merchants have the right to travel in
China at all times on commercial Business ; but
they must not congregate together in a greater
number than 200 in the same locality. Moreover,
they must be provided with a Russian certificate
on the frontier, denoting the head of the firm, the
number of his clerks, and his destination. During
their journey these merchants are at liberty to buy
or sell as they may choose. They must pay all their
expenses.
" Art. 6.—As an experiment trade is opened at
Kachgar, on the same basis as at Ili and Tarbagtai.
At Kachgar the Chinese Government grants
sufficient land for the erection of a factory, with
all the necessary outhouses, including storehouses,
a church, &c., also a burial-ground, and
pasturage, as at Ili and at Tarbagatai. Orders
will be immediately issued to the Governor of the
district of Kachgar for the concession of the said
land.
" The Chinese Government is not to be held
responsible for the pillage of Russian merchants at
Kachgar, should such pillage have been done by
individuals from beyond the Chinese outposts.
" Art. 7.—ln the localities thrown open to com-
merce, the Russians in China and the Chinese in
Russia may er ter into all commercial transactions
without any hindrance from the lo •.il authorities •
they may frequent the markets and shops in per-
fect liberty, as also the merchants' hoases ; they
may buy and sell wholesale or retail as best suits
their convenience, oa credit or otherwise,
according
to the confidence they place in each other.
" The length of stay of merchants in these locali-
ties is entirely dependent upon themselves.
" Art. B.—Russian merchants in China and
Chinese merchants in Russia ere placed under the
special protection of the two Governments. To
keep a watch over the merchants and prevent mis
understanding which might arise between them and
the inhabitants, the Russian Government is per-
mitted to establish at once Consuls at Kachgar and
at Ourga on the basis of the regulations adopted
at Ili and Tarbagatai.
" The Chinese Government may, likewise, if it
wishes it, appoint Consuls in the capital and in
other cities of the Russian empire.
" The Consuls of either State will be lodged in
mansions at the cost of their own Government.
Nevertheless, if it gliits them, they may rent houses
from the inhabitants.
" In their relations with the local authorities the
Consuls of the two Powers are placed on a footing
of perfect equality, in virtue of the second article
of the Treaty of Tien-tsin. Offences and defalcations
will be judged as settled by the 7th article of the
Treaty of Tien-tsin, according to the laws of the
empire of which the delinquent is a subject.
" Commercial disputes will be settled by the
merchants themselves before a Court of Arbitration,
the members of which will be selected by the parties
concerned ; the Consuls and local authorities will
limit their co-operation to procure an amicable
settlement, if possible, without any responsibility
as regards the claims.
" In case of written engagements, it will be the
duty of the Consul to take measures to enforce the
fulfilment of the same.
" Disputes which do not come under the head of
Commercial Transactions,' as law-suits, complaints,
&c., will be settled by mutual consent of the Consul
and chief local authority, and delinquents punished
according to the law of their own country.
" In case of a Russian subject seeking flight in
the interior of China, the local authorities, as soon
as they are officially informed of the fact by the
Russian Consul, are bound to take measures to
capture the fugitive and hand him over to the
Russian authorities. The same is applicable to a
Chinese seeking refuge in Russia.
" In the case of great crimes, as murder, brigan-
dage, manslaughter, premeditated incendiarism,
&c., if the culprit is a Russian he is to be sent to
Russia to stand his trial according to Russian law ;
if a Chinese he is placed at the disposal of the
Chinese authorities.
"In criminal cases, no matter how serious,
neither the Consul nor the Chinese authorities
have any right to incarcerate or pass sentence upon
an individual not a subject of their own Govern-
ment."
Art. 9.--F-This article enacts that, in consequence
of the present treaty on the new frontier line, the
enactments of the treaties concluded at Nertchinsk
and Kiakhta are superseded.
Art. 10.—This article refers simply to the reathoe-
ration of cattle that may have strayed be and ..
new frontier line, and to the extradition of fug
tives, as given above.
n a Art. 11.—This article gimpy
reciprocal ami-
able regulates the!rans:
mission of itten datches o
cable footing betweenes tphe authorities of the respec-
tive empires.
Art. 11—This article
esme tptilreasst.h e
Lpeotsttearls aarnrdanpay-
ments between the two _
.n
and
d vice versa are to
eels from Kiakhta to Peki
leave as follows :—Letters once a month from either
oint ; parcels once every two months from Kiakhta
p r Pekin,
and once every three months from Pekin
fo
to Kiakhta•
Twenty days are allowed for the transmission of
letters ; 40 days at the outside for parcels.
Should the merchants deem it advisable to esta-
blish a postal communication of their own, they are
lat liberty to do so at their own cost and risk, by
notifying their intention to the respective authori-

ties. - -
" Art. 13.—The ordinary correspondence of the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia for the supreme
council (kiun-kitchou) of the empire Ta-Tsing, and
those of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia
for the same council, or for the Court of Foreign
Relations (li-fan-youen), will be sent by the ordi•