The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-18 00:00:00

new Government in Tuscany, their recognition of
it on arriving at Parma would have found that in
the interval a counter-revolution had taken place,
and that the Government of the Grand Duchess
had been restored.
" I told the Marquis d'Azeglio, further, that her
Majesty's Government were not satisfied with the
nature of the new Tuscan Government; that, as
far as they knew, it bore the appearance of a move-
ment made by Sardinian partisans to attach the
Grand Duchy to Piedmont, and of the King of
Sardinia exercising sovereign rights in the Grand
Duchy. He had named a Sardinian official, M.
Buoncompagni, as High Commissioner over the
Civil Departments, and a foreigner (I believe a
Spaniard),- General Ulloa, as Commander of the
army, which, moreover, was a Piedmontese, and
not a Tuscan force.
" All this, I said, if true, raised quite a different
question from that of the simple recognition of a
de facto National Government establiqhed by a free,
and independent State, and trenched upon the
treaties of 1815, and the territorial arrangements
made therein.
" The Marquis observed that he thought those
treaties were nearly set aside, to which I replied
that they were as binding as ever as between
neutrals and belligerents, and that her Majesty's
Government were determined thht they should con-
tinue to be so.
Having added that it was by my instructions
the Conqueror did not salute the Tuscan flag the
conversation ceased.
"It is needless to observe that her s Majesty ' Go-
vernment
consider this proceeding of the Sardinian
Government to be singularly misplaced and ill-
judged; and I have to instruct you to express that
opinion, on their part, to Count Cavour.
" I am, &c., " MALMESBURY."
The following inportant despatch reveals the
views of the Emperor of the French on undertaking
he war :

" No. 27.
•
" EARL COW LEY TO THE EARL OF MALMESBURY,

(Received May 14.)
(Extract.)
"Foreign-office, May 12, 1859.
" I have the honour to apprise your Lordship
that I returned to Paris yesterday.
" I called this afternoon on Count Walewski,
when his Excellency informed me that the Em-
peror had regretted not having seen me before his
departure, as his Majesty had been particularly
desirous to state to me the sentiments under which
he was about to take the field ; but, in consequence
of my absence from Paris, his Majesty, just before
his departure, had written to Count Walewski,
charging him to assure me that in assuming the
command' of his army his Majesty's intentions were
to localise the war as much as possible, to respect
the neutrality of Germany, to give no countenance
to any attempts at revolution, more especially with
regard to Turkey, whose possessions in the Adriatic
would be scrupulously respected, and to confine his
military operations to driving the Austrians out of
the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom. His Majesty
further declared that he would ever be ready to
treat for peace, when suitable conditions were
offered him.

" I did not conceal from Count Walewski my ap-
prehensions that the Emperor's programme could
not be carried out. It was not likely, I said, that
Austria would consent to dispossess herself of her
Italian possessions until after a series of reverses
that might bring the French troops to the walls of
Vienna. Under such circumstances, I hardly
needed to add that the war would not remain
localised, or a purely Austrian and Italian war.
Then, again, with respect to the Emperor's inten-
tion to give no countenance- to revolutions, but
little attention would be paid to that assurance so
long as Sardinia, the friend and ally of France,
was acting in a diametrically contrary spirit.
Nobody would believe that France could not pre-
vent this. However, the Emperor's declaration with
regard to Turkey would be received with satisfac-
tion by her Majesty's Government, and I trusted
that the French Government would exert the in-
fluence which they possessed over the Russian and
Sardinian Governments to induce them to abstain
from provoking complications in the East.
' " CountiValewski replied that he had great hopes
that the war would not be of long du., .ration, and

defence of German interests which the great re-
sources of Prussia andthe position that she holds in
the Confederation qualify leer to perform. But the
public feeling in Germany generally, and even in
the Prussian territories, which is daily acquiring
more force, will scarcely permit Prussia much
longer to maintain her expectant policy, and there
is every reason to anticipate that not many days will
elapse before some decided indication is givem by
the Confederation of its determination to look upon
the cause of Austria as 'vitally bound up -with the
general interests of the whole German race.
" Her Majesty's Government have done their
utmost, -within the bounds of friendly representa-
tion, to calm the excitement prevailing in Germany,
but they have not felt themselves called upon or
authorised to dissuade the German States from
taking such measures as those States considered to
be necessary for the maintenance of their several
interests ; for they could not assume the responsi-
bility of even morally guaranteeing them against
the eventualities of the Italian war.
"Her Majesty's Government have distinctly de-
clared that Germany must not be influenced by
arriving at a decision on the momentous question
now under the consideration of the Diet by any
hope of succour from this country.
"jeer Majesty's Government, in accordance with
the commands of the Queen, and with the universal
concurrence of the British nation, as displayed at
the late elections, desire to maintain the strictest
neutrality in the present war between Austria and
France. They are determined to keep themselves
unfettered by any engagements, expressed or im-
plied, which would restrict their freedom of action
in any circumstances that may arise. They will
judge for themselves, and they will not embarrass
their policy by any previous declarations, or by
any previous expression of opinion.
" This language, which her Majesty's Govern-
ment have held to Germany with reference to the
prevailing excitement in that country, they hold
also to the Powers now engaged in active hostili-
ties ; and you will give the Sardinian Government
clearly to understand that as regards the questions
now at issue her Majesty's Government will abstain
'rom all interference, direct or indirect, whatever.
" I am, &c.,
VIALMESBURY."
We now come to the Pope.

Early in May Cardinal Antonelli addressed a
note to the Austrian Envoy in Rome announcing
the Papal neutrality. The Government of Vienna
replied by a promise "to respect the Papal terri-
tory by preserving it from the consequences of war
on the part of Austria, supposing the other belli-
gerents followed an identical course of conduct."
On the 17th of May the Cardinal told Mr. Odo
Russell how much the Pope had been gratified by
the repeated assurances from France " that no event
in the future should interfere with the peace and
quiet of Rome," his Eminence adding that the Papal
Government, besides being neutral, was practically
compelled to ignore the events that " threatened "
Italy.
The following despatch on this subject is worth
quoting :

" No. 60.
EARL COWLEY TO THE EARL OF MALMESBURY

" (Received May 25.)
" Paris, May 24, 1859.
" My Lord,—The Due de Grammont, who, it ap-
pears was sent for by the Emperor to come to Ales-
sandria, was the bearer of an autograph letter of
the Pope to his Majesty, in which his Holiness re-
peated the assurances already given, under another
form, to the French Government—that he consi-
dered himself safe under the protection of France,
and had no intention of quitting Rome. He stipu-
lated for the neutrality of the Papal dominions.
The Emperor replied, verbally, that his Majesty
would respect that neutrality as long as it was re-
spected by the Austrians.
" I understand that an agraettient has been en-
tered into between the Austrian and Papal Govern-

ments, by which the latter bind themselves not to
augment the garrisons of Bologna and Ancona, nor
to raise any exterior fortification§ round the latter
place. In pursuance of this agreement, the garri-
son of Ancona, which had been augmented to 6,000
men, has been reduced one-half.—l have, &c.
" COWLEY."
Count Walewski, on the 27th of May, told Lord
Cowley that he had no knowledge of the refusal
of the Government of. Sardinia to recognise Papal

neutrality, and should hear such an announcemen

with regret.
We must now return to the affairs of Tuscany
and Parma. The ex-Grand Duke appears to have

protested" against the seizure of Tuscany by the
King of Sardinia. The Cabinet of Vienna, of
course, backed these protests. On the 23d of May
Count Walewski, in denying to Earl Cowley a re-
port that the Tuscan maritime flag was to be taken
under the protection of the two Powers (France
and Piedmont), took occasion to add that he had
formally and officially declared to the Sardinian
Minister that the French Government did not re-
cognise the authority exercised by Sardinia in
Tuscany. The presence and acts of Prince Napo-
leon in the late Grand Duchy will partly explain
this ; and at the commencement of this month the
Russian Ambassador in Paris formally notified to
the French Cabinet that the Czar would not recog-
nise the Provisional Government of Tuscany, and

that his Imperial Majesty considered the Grand
Duke as the lawful Sovereign of that Duchy ?

Mr. Scarlett's more recent despatches do not en
Lighten the mystery. We subjoin the following :
" No. 68.

" MR SCARLETT TO THE EARL OF MALMESBURY

" (Received May 30.)
" Florence, May 21,1859.
"My Lord,—l have the honour to enclose the

extract of a letter from Mr. Macbean, her Majesty's
Consul at Leghorn, informing me of the expected
arrival of the rest of Prince Napoleon's force
alluded to in my despatch of this day's date.
" By this it appears that 2,000 French troops are
destined to occupy Leghorn, and the same number
to be quartered at Florence. The remainder of the
force, it is supposed, will march against the Aus-
trians.
_ _

" I take this opportunity of stating, upon good
authority, that Marchese Gualterio has obtained a
large credit upon a banker at Florence, to aid in
the organisation of a separate Italian corps d'armee
to be commanded by Gen. Mezzocapo, a Piedmon-
tese officer, consisting in all arms of 25,000 troops.
This body of men is to-be raised in central Italy,
and will, no doubt, be ready to act with Prince
Napoleon's corps d'armee against the Austrians.
" I have heard of no symptom anywhere of sepa-
rate republican views for the regeneration of Italy.
All distinctions of politicians are lost in a general
deep-rooted determination to drive the Austrians
out of Italy first.
" The republican party have made a compromise
of their opinions for the present with the moderate
Liberals, in the hope of profiting by any contin-
gencies which may hereafter favour their own pe-
culiar opinions ; if in future time Austria and France
both abandon Italy to itself, or when the latter
Power should become less opposed than at present
to a republican form of government.—l have, &c.,
" P. CAMPBELL SCARLETT."
" Inclosure in No. 68.
" CONSUL MACBEAN V MR. SCARLETT.
" (Extract.) " Leghorn, May 20, 1859.
" I reported to you the arrival here this morning
of 200 to 300 French soldiers, but I am told this
evening that their number does not reach 200. I
hear that about 20,000 may be expected here alto-
gether ; that 2,000 are to garrison Leghorn, 2,000
to go to Florence, and the remainder are to march
against the Austrians. The French general, who
arrived here this morning, has been to visit the
barracks and fortresses, as also the lazzarettos, and

the local at San Jacopo, which is known as the
Cholera Hospital, with the view of ascertaining
what accommodation Leghorn offers for the recep-
tion of foreign troops. I am told there are only two
companies of Tuscan troops remaining here. It is
reported that Bastogi and Co., the bankers, have
issued an order for 20,000 rations for the troops who
are expected to arrive. Those who landed to-day
did not come up the Via Grande, although prepara-
tions have been made there and in the Piazza
wfooruld
Grande to give them a demonstration of welcome ;
it would appear that the officers who came to-day
wish any such demonrtration to be reserved
the Prince Napoleon whose arrival here is
spoken of as
likely to take place about Monday
next."

The proclamations
of
Prineea Ns awpeollle oans itnhe Tuscany
procla-
mation
have already been published,
Sardinia, calling upon the
Tuscan d
s son-in-law as they would
himself. The Prussian
Government has distinctly
os f
o i thei e
rKingst
o obey
of
his
refused to recognise the Provisional Government,
and ordered its agent at Florence to remove the
Royal Arms from his l,ouse. Our own Govern-
ment, on second thongi .its, desired Mr. Scarlett to
remain at Florence, a Aid not to remove her Majes-
ty's Arms from the British Legation. A last de-
spatch from the Envoy we annex :
(No. 89.)
" MR. SCARLETT 9'O THE EARL OF MALMESBURY.
(TiveeiVCd June 9.)
(Extract.) " Florence, June 2.
" Having infr_4aled the Marquis Ridolfi, the Tus.