The Sun.
London, England, 1859-04-14 00:00:00

THE SU LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AIRIL 14, 1859.

PUBLICATION;S.

SECOND EDITION—NOW READY.
This day is published,
ADAMB E p E.
By GEORGE ELIOT,
• Three Vols., post Bvo., 31s. 6d.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London ;
Of whom may be had, by the same Author, -
SCENES OF CLERICAL LIFE.
In 2 vols., post Bvo, 21s.

This day is published, price One Shilling,

-1- 00 R E'S LALLA ROOKH,
Copyright Edition, complete for ONE SHILLING,
with Portrait of the Author : Being the First Part of the
People's Edition of Thomas Moore's Poetical Works, includ-
ing the Author's Autobiographical Prefaces, Notes, and other
last Additions, to be completed in Ten Parts, monthly, price
Is. each.

THE
QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CCX.,
will be Published NEXT WEEK.

CONTENTS.
I. Carlyle's Frederick the Great.
11. Scottish Minstrelsy.
111. The National Gallery.
IV. Bunsen's Egypt and Chronology of the Bible.
V. Devonshire.
VI. George the Third—Charles James Fox.
VII. Lord Brougham and Law Reform.
VIII. Public Affairs.

John Murray, Albemarle-street.

Just published, price 25., by post free, 2s. 4d.,

ON

SPERMATORRIICEA.
By F. B. COURTENAY,
And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan, Infirmary for the

Cure of Strictures of tile Urethra.
" The aim of the author is to present a common-sense view
of the Causes, Nature, Consequences, and Treatment of this
Disease, as also to free these questions from the Professional
Fallacies, the Popular Delusions, and the exaggerations of
Quackery by which they have hitherto been surrounded, to the
destruction of the health and happiness of thousands. These
objects are discussed in a common-sense and highly practical
manner."—Medical Circular. _ . .

London : H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street,

ON SPINAL AND OTHER DEFORMITIES.

PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on the
CAUSES and TREATMENT of CURVATURES of the
SPINE. Third Edition, price 6s. _ _ _

Just published, Second Edition, price is. 6d.

CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial
results which may be obtained by close attention and per-
severance in some of the most unpromising instances of Spinal
Deformity, with numerous Engravings. And
FACTS and OBSERVATIONS on the PHYSICAL EDU-
CATION of CHILDREN, especially as regards the Preyen-
tion of Spinal and other Deformities. With Engravings.

By SAMUEL HARE,F.R.C.S., &c.

"We unhesitatingly commend this work as a truthful and
trustworthy statement of the power of scientific surgery and
medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to human
activity and industry."—Medical Gazette.
"The Author has had much success in his plan of treat-
ment, and we are of opinion that the principles on which he
acts, in the treatment of these affections, are correct."—
Lancet.
"Mr. Hare may take credit to himself for having effected
much good in the treatment of the cases described."—British
Medical Journal.
"Mr. Hare is, we think, a sound and successful practi-

tioner."—MediCal Circular.
London : John Churchill ; and may be had of' all booksellers.

HOUSEHOLD WORDS.—The result of an
application made this day to the Master of the Rolls,
on behalf of Messrs. BRADBURY and Evans, having been an
undertaking on the part of Mr. CHARLES DICKENS to alter
the statement put forth by himself in reference to " House-
hold Words," Messrs. BRADBURY and EVANS have to an-
nounce that it :is only Mr. DICKENS'S editorial connection
with that work that is about to cease.
March 26, 1859.

011RISTY'S MINSTRELS.—St. James's Minor
V Hall. The celebrated CHRISTY'S AIINSTRELS
will repeat their POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT EVERY
EVENING at Eight o'clock, and Saturday Afternoon at
Three.—Stalls, 3s. ; area, 2s. ; gallery, lg.—Tickets at Mr.
Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street.

THE VICTORIA CROSS.—On and after the
18th instant, the FIRST SERIES OF HISTORICAL
PICTURES, by M. DESANGES, containing authentic Por-
traits, will be on Exhibition at the Victoria Cross Gallery,
Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,,daily, from 9 till dusk.
Admission, One Shilling. Season tickets, Five Shillings.
Bearers of the Order admitted Gratis.

LONDON CRYSTAL PALACE, REGENT-
CIRCUS, OXFORD-STREET and GREAT PORT-
LAND-STREET.

This magnificent building is NOW OPEN to the public, for
le SALE of all kinds of USEFUL and FANCY ARTICLES.

The Photographic Establishment, Aviary, Conservatory,
General Refreshment Room, and Ladies' Private Refresh-
ment Room, with Retiring Room attached, are replete in their
several departments.
ADMISSION FREE.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, High
Holborn, formerly Casino de Venise.—This establish-
ment, pre-eminently distinguished for the elegance and
matchless beauty of its decorations, combined with the per-
fection of its management, is OPEN every EVENING.
The celebrated band, under the direction of Mr. W. M. Packer,
plays a nightly varied selection of the most approved classical
and modern music. Doors open at half-past 8 ; overture at
9 ; closing at :12 punctually. Admission ls.

ARGYLL-ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly.
These popular and celebrated rooms are open every
evening, with R. R. Bignell's Grand Orchestra, conducted by
that great composer, Mons. Antony Lamotte, of Paris.
Leader, Charles Hall. Mons. Boulcourt, the celebrated cornet-
a-piston player, performs nightly, with other talented
artistes. Selections from Rig, oletto, liTrovatore, La Traviata,
Huguenots, Robert le Diable, and the new opera Martha.
Manager, R. R. Big,nell. Doors open at half-past 8, close
ten minutes before 12. Admission, ls. to Promenade.
N.B.—All applications for the above band for Concerts and
Balls, to be made to Mr. William Price, treasurer, at the
Rooms.

ALHAMBRA PALACE-A BULL FIGHT.
A SPANISH BULL FIGHT.

The Californian performers having acted as principals
in a Bull-fight in America for upwards of one- hun-
dred nights, will undertake the same exploits in London.
The regular Equestrian performanc,es, the same as last week,
will be produced in addition to the Bull-fight, which takes
place Morning and Evening. The Rocky Mountain Won-
ders appear at each performance.
Two Performances Daily at two and quarter before Eight
p.m.
Pit, ls.•, Boxes, 2s. ; Reserved Seats, 35.; Stalls, 55.; Private
Boxes, £2 2s. Children under Nine years of age, half-price.
Gallery, 6d.
Splendid performance during Passion Week.

"WAN AND HIS HABITS.—THIS DAY, at
Three and Half-past Eight, Dr. KAHN will deliver
Lectures at his unrivalled and Original Museum, 3, Tich-
borne-street, facing the Haymarket.
SYLLABUS—ldentity of Self-love and Social- -The Philosophy
and Physiology of Marriage -Happy and Unhappy Unions—
Whom and when to Marry—The Great Social Evil, its real
Cure—Philanthropists and their Schemes—New Views of Men
and Things—Danvers of Youth—Rocks of Advanced Age—
The true Glory of Middle Age—My Memoirs —Much in Little.
The Museum is open daily (for Gentlemen only) from
Twelve till Five and from Seven till Ten. Explanations of
the Models every half-hour. Admission One Shilling, in-
cluding Handbook : to which is appended the SHOALS AND
QUICKSANDS OF YOUTH. -135 r JOSEPH KAHN, M.D.,
Graduate in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, of the Im-
perial University of Vienna, Am : free by post for twelve
stamps, direct from the Author, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish-
square.

THORLEY'S FOOD FOR CATTLE.—Every
person having an interest in domestic or farm animals
should obtain a supply of this celebrated and economical
food, which will prove invaluable during the approaching
season. For keeping horses in good condition it is unequal-
led. Pigs fatten with surprising rapidity upon it, and their
flesh increases in flavour and value. Cowkeepers will find
great advantage in the increased quantity and improved qua-
lity of the milk during its use. All animals are benefited by
it. A pamphlet on this interesting subject. accompanied by
Testimonials from the principal Nobility, Gentry, and Agri-
culturists, forwarded on application. In casks containing
448 feeds (measures enclosed), price 505., carriage paid to any
Railway Station in the United Kingdom. Post-office orders
payable to Joseph Thorley, 77, Newgate-street, London.
N.B.—The public arecautioned against being imposed upon
by worthless imitations.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
,Patron—The QUEEN.

Founded 1828.

The sick poor are admitted on their own application alone.
No recommendation is required.
During the past year (1858) 40,403 received the benefits of
this Charity, either as out or in-door patients ; and since its
foundation to 31st December, 1858, the number relieved was
upwards of 649,000.
The Committee entreat AID to enable them to continue
this great work of charity. STANFORD S. SMITH, Sec.

ON MEDICAL GALVANISM IN•THE TREATMENT OF
NERVOUS DEBILITY, ORGANIC WEAKNESS, &c.
Just published, price ls., post free, 13 stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION A Medical Treatise
V on NERVOUS DEBILITY and FUNCTIONAL
WEAKNESS. more particularly in reference to the INFIR-
MITIES and DISORDERS of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM;
tracing the Origin of these distressing afflictions to causes
which vitiate the very fountains of Life and prematurely de-
stroy the vigour of Manhood. With Practical Observations
on the Cure of these Diseases, and on the extraordinary re-
storative power of LOCAL GALVANISM in Spermatorrhma,
Impotence, and Sterility*, in which cases it is applied without
pain or danger, and is frequently successful without the aid
of medicine.

BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Registered Licentiate of the London Society of Apothecaries,
Doctor of Medicine of the University of Erlangen, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Malle,al Society. Sze.
An erroneous impression exists that public announcements
on these disorders emanate only from unqualified persons,
but as the new Medical Act provides that nonebut registered
Practitioners shall assume any medical title, those that are
legally qualified can readily be distinguished—a point of great
importance in cases where secrecy, confidence, and skill are
equally requisite.
In the new edition of ' Self-Preservatibn,' facts of para
mount utility are brought together—facts appealing to the
prudence of all who!) are suffering from affections which in-
volve the enfeeblement and ultimate loss of those powers
without which man forfeits the dignity of nature, and sinks to
the most pitiable depths of physical and moral deg-radation.
.Tn cases where the vital essences have been weakened by the
influences of tropical climates, by pernicious habits, indiscri-
turenatment, the means of cure adopted by the author, in eon-
3ralletibenewn Improperins.bidiet, hardship, or by injudicious
with the
successful,application
evoefnLinocacal
sGalvanism,eswhe where recovery
ehcoavveergyehnaed-
teen stamps, and
Published by the Author, price is., or free by post for thir-
noster-row, Londmonay; be hesatdmoafeAotltl,enc.hWemairswtict
Market-street,
_Pstarteeert:
Manchester ; -
J, Guest, Bull street, Birmingham; Baraclough,
Fargate, Sheffield; R "
daily, from Eleven till Two,rit'and we e h
Lovu, I±lnoch-square, ad
l-asg-er'ow ; -I sr torm Six
xtill Southampton;
EiEight, at W.
.0
H. Powell, Westmoreland-
street, Dublin, or from the Author, who m ay be consulted
resiaence, 37, Bedford-square, London.

►r HE LONDON.—The attention of Clergymen,
Officers, and Professional Gentlemen, is especially
drawn to the advantages offered in these elegant and spa-
cious Saloons, which fulfil all the requirements of a West-
end club of the most aristocratic and exclusive character.

F. SAWYER, Prop-riel9l, Fleet-street.

THE LONDON.—S AWYE R'S famous
J._ LONDON DINNER, consisting of 'two soups, two
fish, two entrees, joints, two sweets, cheese, and salad, at a
fixed charge of 2s. 6d. (attendance, 3d.), is served from Two
till Eight in the spacious Saloon: •
In the Corey-room, Dinners frent the joint, with vegetables,
cheese, and salad, is. 6d. (attendance 3d.), and soup, fish, en-
trées, lie., a la carte, are served from One till Nine o'clock.
Ladies' Private Rooms and Dining Saloons. Spacious and
well-ventilated Wine, Coffee, and Smoking Saloon.
An extensive and:carefully selected stock of Rhenish, Mo-
selle, and other Wines, imported expressly, for the London
Dinner. Open on Sundays from Four till Nine.
F. SAWI ER, Proprietor, 101, Fleet-street.

THE PATRICIAN. This Establishment is
now Open for first-class DINNERS, LUNCHEONS,
&c. The PATRICIAN DINNER, in the large Dining-room,
at 2s. 6d., comprising Soup, Fish, Entrées, Joints, Pastry,
Cheese, &c. The Wines with corresponding economy. In
the Coffee-room,
i Dinners and Refreshments ala carte. Spe-
cial attention is invited to the numerous Private Apartments
for the Patrician Dinner, at ss. The Smoking and Chess-
room combines comfort and elegance. The lavatories, vesti-
bules, and spacious entrance, with the general unique arrange-
ments, ensure an acknowledgment that this noble Mansion is
worthy of its title—THE 'PATRICIAN. Open at Five on
Sundays.
Orders, addressed to J. lIOLMES and CO., The Patrician,
New Coventry-street, will have the best attention.
N.B.—Wedding Breakfasts and Ball Suppers, with first-
class attendance.

EVANS'S MAGNIFICENT MUSIC and
SUPPER ROOMS, COVENT-GARDEN.—Gentlemen
visiting London will find their evening enjoyment largely
provided for at the above establishment.
THIRTY VOCALISTS. Short and interesting interludes
between the musical portion of the entertainment, embracing
an amount of singular ability never before presented to the
public.
The performances considerably increased. Books of Words,
&c. Admission, Sixpence, commencing at Eight o'clock pre-
cisely. Suppers after the theatres for gentlemen.
The DRAMATIC GALLERY, now the finest in the world,
alone worth a visit. One hundred and sixty portraits, the
greater number first class in art, and original paintings. -

METROPOLITAN, COUNTIES, AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
27, Regent-street, Waterloo-place, London, S.W.
Life Assurance, Annuities, and Endowments.
Loans on real and personal security.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager.

THE DEANE-HARDING REVOLVER-
-1- A perfect Weapon, simple hi its construction, and un-
equalled by any other Revolver extant.—Patentees, Messrs.
Deane and-Sons, gunsmiths, King William-street, London-
bridge.

MONSTER TENTS, FLAGS, BANNERS, &c.,
for Political Meetings, Public Rejoicings, and Private
Parties.—Address, BENJAMIN EDGINGT o;.si'S Marquee,
g-cross, S.W. Early
Tent, Flag', and Rick-cloth Manufacturer, 2, Duke-street,
applicationLond n -br i dg fore,
Second-handS.E., an d R
32, Ci
rick-cloths.
In° t h
An Illustrated
Catalogue sent free.

EPPS'S COCOA.—Epps, homoeopathic chemist,
London.—This excellent preparation, originally pro-
duced specially for the use of homoeopathic patients, haying
been adopted by the general public, can now be had of the
principal grocers. Each packet is labelled James Epps,
homoeopathic chemist, London.

GREY HAIR RESTORED TO ITS
NATURAL COLOUR. Neuralgia, Nervous
Headache, Rheumatism, and Stiff Joints Cured by F. M.
HERRING'S PATENT MAGNETIC BRUSHES, 10s. and
15s. Grey Hair and Baldness PREVENTED by F. M. H.'s
Patent Preventive Brush. Price 4s. and ss. Offices, 32.
Basinghall-street, London, where may be had, gratis, the
Illustrated Pamphlet, "Why Hair becomes Grey, and its
Remedy." Sold by all Chemists and Perfumers of repute.

HART'S PATENT ECONOMISING GAS
BURNER, the great desideratumof the age to all con-
sumers of Gas. By its use the objections to the introduction
of Gas into private dwellings are removed, inasmuch as every
particle of gas, on reaching the orifice of the burner, is fairly
consumed, and thus the diffusion of those noxious vapours so
injurious to health, and destructive to works of art, bindings
of books, &c., is entirely prevented.
The burner can be fitted by the most inexperienced hand to
any chandelier or bracket.
May be had at the Depot, 60, Fleet-street, E.C., price Two
Shillings each : one sent on receipt of 30 postage stamps.

HOUSE FURNISHING.—DRUCE and CO.'S
SHOW ROOMS and GALLERIES are the largest in
London. The varied stock to select from is immense ; the
prices are marked in plain figures, and a warranty is given.
Purchasers, before deciding, should visit this establishment,
and effect a saving of one-third on the best description of
Cabinet and Upholstery Goods. N.B.—Unequalled Dining-
room Chairs, 19s. each ; Iron Bedsteads, Bs. 6cl. each ; Car-
Sets, is per yard under the usual charge. 500 Easy Chairs and
ettees, also 100 Wardrobes to select from. Luxuriant
Down Quilts, from ss. 6d. each.-08, 69, and 58, Baker-street.
Illustrated Books post-free.

GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
USED IN THE ROYAL LAUNDRY,
AND PRONOUNCED BY HER MAJESTY'S LAUNDRESS to be
THE FINEST STARCH SHE EVER USED.
WHEN YOU ASK FOR
GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
SEE THAT YOU GET IT,
As inferior kinds are often substituted.
Sold by all Chandlers, Grocers, &c., &c.
WOTHERSPOON & CO., GLASGOW AND LONDON.

CERTAIN RELIEF for the AFFLICTED.—
v Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre-
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe ot'Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, area sure remedy for affections of the
liver, indigestion; bile, sick headache, giddiness, loss of appe-
tite, lowness of spirits, &c. They can be taken at any time,
without any danger from wet or cold, act mildly on the bowels,
without pain or griping, clear the skin, remove sallowness
and pimples, purify the blood, brace the nerves, and invigo-
rate the whole system. Sold by most druggists, In boxes,
Is. 14d. and 2s. 9d. each. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's
Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green
package, with "W. Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street," engraved
on the Government stamp.

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGES IN IRELAND.-A copy
of the correspondence which has passed between the Pre-
sidents of the Queen's Colleges in Irelaud and the Irish
Government, in referepce to the residence of the Presidents
in their respective colleges, is before us. On the 7th of
September last Lord Naas, as Irish Secretary of State,
curtly asked the President of the College at Belfast whether
he would conform to the recommendation of the Commis-
sioners and make the college his ordinary place of residence.
Similar queries were addressed to the Presidents of the
Colleges at Cork and Galway. The answers were in the
affirmative, Mr. Kane, the President of the Cork College,
explaining that he must visit Dublin at intervals for the
disctarge of his onerous duties as director of a certain
" Museum of Irish Industry."

[ADVERTISEMENT.] SIGHT AND HEARING. SPEC•
TACLES.—POWERFUL TELESCOPES.--OPERA, RACE, AND
PERSPECTIVE GLASSES. Messrs. S. and B. Solomons,
opticians, 39, Albermarle-Street, Piccadilly.' Observe—
opposite the York Hotel, W.—Opera, Race-course, Field,
and general Out-door Day and Night Perspective Glasses,
very small, for the waistcoat pocket, each containing 12 and
18 lenses, constructed of German glass. Will show dis-
tinctly a person to know them at two-and-a-half and three
miles, and an object from eight to ten miles distant. Her
Majesty's Coast Guards are making use of them as day and
night glasses in preference to all others ; they are also pre-
ferred for deer-stalking by sportsmen, gentlemen, and
gamekeepers. Telescopes 31 inches long, by which a per-
son may be clearly seen and known at 31 miles' and an
object at 12 to 14 miles' distance ; and with an extra astro-
nomical eye-piece, Jupiter's moons, Saturn's rings, and
the double stars are distinctly seen. All the above can be
had of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers, and
are secured by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
The Royal Exhibition, 1851. A valuable, newly-
invented, very small, powerful Waistcoat-pocket Glass,
the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen
and known one and a half mile distant. They answer
every purpose on the Race-course and at the Opera
houses. Country scenery and ships are clearly seen
at four to six miles. They are invaluable for shooting,
deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, game-
keepers, and tourists. Price 30s.—Spectacle Lenses of the
greatest transparent power. The great advantage derived
from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is
preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are
enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occupation
—can see with those lenses of a much less magnifying
power, and they do not require the frequent changes to the
dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons
can be suited at the most remote part of the Arid by send-
ing one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and
stating the distance from the eyes they can read small print
with it, and those who have not made use of spectacles by
statingtheirage. Deafness.—New Discovery.—The Organic
Vibrator, an extraordinarily powerful small newly-invented
instrument for Deafness, entirely different from all others,
surpasses anything of the kind that has been, or probably
ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the
skin, is not perceptible. It enables deaf persons to hear
distinctly at church and at public assemblies; the unplea-
sant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely re
moved, and it affords all the assistance that possibly could
be desired.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe
opposite the York Hotel, W,

BRIGHT AT ROCHDALE..

Last night. Mr. Bright, M.P., addressed a large
audienCe in the Public Hall, ltochdale, on behalf of
Mr. Cpbden, who is a candidate for the representa-
tion of that borough in Parliament. A resolution
having been moved, seconded, and carried with
acclaniation, that Mr. Cobden was a fit and proper
person to represent Rochdale in Parliament,
Mr.' BRIGHT, who on coming forward was loudly
cheercil, after a few introductory observations, pro-
ceeded to give a brief sketch of Mr. Cobden's
career. He said he (Mr. Cobden) was one of them-
selves, and that it was quite likely that his ances-
tors were seated in one of our English counties at
the time of the Norman conquest, but he never
boasted that those ancestors came over here with
the Conqueror. (Laughter.) After then, he (Mr.
Cobden) began to agitate the Anti-Corn law ques-
tion, and they knew what had been the result.
Whenl Mr. Cobden was first sent to Parliament,
there was necessarily, owing to his fame as an agi-
tator, 'some anxiety in the house to hear what he
had gpt to say. On the occasion upon which he
made his first speech, he (Mr. Bright) was in the
gallery in the house, not then being a member of
Parliament, and chanced to sit by the side of a
gentleman, Mr. Horace Twiss, who then wrote the
summaries of debate • for the Times newspaper.
The subject of Mr. Cobden's speech was the corn
laws, and after he had done he remembered that
Mr. Horace Twiss said, "There is nothing in him.
He is only a barker, and has no harm in him."
(Laughter.) This barker became a great power
in the house—so great, that in 1846, Lord John
Russell, who was then about to form an
Administration, wrote to him, and offered him a
seat in his Cabinet. Mr. Cobden, however, did
not accept the offer, and went abroad.
When abroad he discovered what was rotten in all
the Governments in Europe, and which caused them
to go, to perdition by their most costly and most
menacing armaments. They would remember how
much of what he said of these armaments was
ridicUled by those knowing scribes who knew the
past, but were not able to judge of what is to come.
(Laughter and cheers.) With regard to armaments
and fleets, the nations of Europe for years past had
been playing the game of beggar my neighbour.
(Cheers.) Well, what was the result now ? Why,
we saw between three and four millions in Europe
drawn from their occupation and private life, and
armed. with costly weapons to make war upon each
other. At this moment the state of things upon
the Continent was such that we feared that every
flash of the electric wire would bring us intelligence
that the storm had burst, and that the fine plains
and valleys of Italy were deluged with blood. With
regard to the question of Parliamentary Reform,
they knew well how far Mr. Cobden went, and that
his progression was the same as his (Mr. Bright's).
(Cheers.) With respect to Lord John Russell, he
brought the question of Reform before the house
year after year when none but himself scarcely
advoCated it. He (Lord J. Russell) had then, as
now' a real sympathy for Reform, although he was
not born down here, but in a ducal palace. They
must, therefore, make an allowance for his short
comings, if he did not march at the speed they
could wish. The hon. gentleman then spoke of Mr.
Cobden's visit to the United States, which, he said,
was mainly on his own private business, and he
concluded by saying that, although he should give
Lord John Russell's bill a favourable consideration,
he (Mr. Bright) had not given up the thought of
bringing in at some future day his own if he were
again returned to Parliament.

INEQUALITIES IN THE PA.RLIAMEN-

TARY REPRESENTATION.

Mr. David Chadwick has addressed the following
letter to a contemporary :

Having recently published a series of calculations
showing the exact " representative claim" of every
city, borough, and county in Great Britain and Ire-
land, on the joint bases of population and property,
I venture to ask space for a brief statement of the
result of a scheme based entirely upon statistical
data, and without the slightest consideration of
party or political bias, as compared with the change
effected by the Reform Act of 1832, and with the
plans proposed by the Government and by Mr.
Bright, M.P.
The redistribution of seats is really not an ordi-
nary question of political or party interest. It is,
if justice be valued, quite as much in the interest of
the Conservatives as of the Liberals. It is a ques•
tion of simple justice in measuring out Parliamen-
tary power, and can be considered and settled with-
out any change in the franchise or the mode of
taking the votes, or the duration of Parliaments.
The present Government propose to take away
one member each from 15 small boroughs now re-
turning two members, and to give the 15 seats to
populous and wealthy districts.
By the Reform Act of 1832 no alteration was
made in the number of members of Parliament
(658), but the following alterations were made in
the rearrangement of members to these consti-
tuencies.

Fifty-six boroughs, with populations from 12 to
3,961 were disfranchised.

Thirty boroughs,-with populations from 2,325 to
8,915, and sending two members each, were re-
duced to one member each.

One borough (Weymouth and Melcombe Regis),
with a population of 7,700, sending four members,
was reduced to two members.

The Parliamentary area of 11 shires, towns, or
boroughs in Wales was extended by adding adjoin-
ing places, and the limits of other boroughs were
altered.

Twenty-two newboroughs with populations from
23,129 to 359, 864 were created with two members
each.

Twenty new boroughs with populations from
10,339 to 40,786 were created with one member
each.

One English county (Yorkshire) sending two
members, was increased to six. members.

Twenty-six English counties sending two mem-
bers each were increased to 4 members each.
Seven English counties sending two members
each were increased to three members each.
Three Welsh counties sending one member each
•
were increased to two members each.

One new county district (Isle of Wight), to re-
turn one member, was created by being severed
from the county of Southampton.
Although the disfranchisement schedules in the
Reform Act of 1832 were based on no general prin-
ciple capable of being deduced from population,
property, or intelligence, and were therefore un•
equal and arbitrary, the leaders of the great political
parties by whom these schedules, after a very pro-
longed contest in committee, were agreed to, were
unanimous in their decision that no new borough
with less than 10,000 inhabitants should have one
member, and that no borough with less than 20,000
inhabitants should have two members. The question
then arises, what amount of property and what
number of people, or what amount of contribution
to the taxation of the country, and what degree of
intelligence of the people contributing such taxes,
p amounty
ing the
o f
sameta x
taxes,
s , position
an d
of
equal in spo
oepliuentl taye:i 0 n
.ligence ?
should entitle a district to return a member of
Parliament P
Nobody has dared to say that the landowners
and agriculturists of Yorkshire are not equal in
every respect to those of Herefordshire; or that
the inhabitants of Salford are not equal to those of
Why
Andover or Arundel.
Why, then, should the political
ppaoywinergothf
eesvaemrye
person in Hereford be nearly ten times greater than
of persons in the West Riding of Yorkshire, occu-
Ammal value.
should a voter in Arundel have a power nearlyforty
times greater than a similar voter in Salford ?
lln the present Parliament the following is the
average representation of each member :
Each county member in Eng-
land represents
Ditto, in Scotland
Ditto, in Ireland

Each borough and city member
in England
Ditto in Scotland
Ditto, in Ireland

The average representation of
each member of the entire
House of Commons is . 42,000 £195,000
Now if, instead of applying the average numeri-
cal results above stated, and in order to favour and
retain as many as possible of the small constitu-
encies, we fix the minimum "rep resentative claim"
to one member at 10,000 inhabitants and £50,000
of property, and the claim to two members at
20,000 inhabitants, and £lOO,OOO of property ; and
if to prevent the large cities and boroughs obtain-
ing too many members, we greatly increase the
proportion of property and population required to
claim further members, we shall fully carry out the
principles advocated by our mi )st zealous. Conser-
vative friends.
I have carefully worked out this problem and