The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-30 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
Loxi)oN, MONDAY, SEPT. 30, 1861.

French pamphlets are now followed by some-
what confident French rumours. The pamphlets
have handed over the temporal power of the POPE

to a popular vote, with the French commander for
Returning Officer, and guaranteed his spiritual in-
dependence in the manner we described a few days
ago. The action, we are told, is now to follow. The
EMPEROR'S return from Biarritz, which should be
to-day, is the time fixed for discussing and finally
settling the affairs of Italy, at least those in which
France is directly concerned ; while doubtless
there will be a good understanding about the future
of Venetia. That subject, however, does not press
so much. The cruelties practised there are doubt-
less great. A specimen of what Austrian rule still
is will be found in our columns to-day; by which
it appears that woman flogging has been commuted
for filthy imprisonment. Still Rome is in all points
of view the first business to be settled, even in the
interest of Venetia itself. What ought to be the
capital of Italy is now the capital of the brigandage
which disturbs all the South in the name of the
POPE and the the Bourbon, and is aided by the funds
of both. It is therefore the Roman question which
must be settled first.

Even the names of the counsellors who give the
French Ministers and the EMPEROR the benefit of
their exacter knowledge are mentioned. That of
Count VIMERCATI, the confidential envoy of VICTOR
EMMANUEL, is the most hopeful one in the list. M.
BENEDETTI, the newly appointed French represen-
tative at Turin, is to return and share in the consul-

tations. Prince NAPOLEON, it is said, will be pre-
sent, who ought to wish well to his wife's father,
though the Tuscans preferred the father-in-law to
the son-in-law. Another French diplomatist from
Rome is to co-operate. The mountain in labour
ought to bring forth something at which Europe
will not Laugh, at -which Italians will rejoice, and
which will, after some twelve years of the most
shameless intervention on record, confer on France
the honour of ceasing to abuse superior strength.
The issue of the French intervention south of the
Alps had almost condoned the Villany of the Roman
intervention, but the lingering on with that purely
arbitrary suppression of the liberties of Rome has
deprived France of half the gratitude which she
bad seemed to earn from Italy and liberal Europe.

It is, indeed, time that France surrendered the
custody of the Romans and the_ POPE, and left both
to take their own course.

The indications are certainly very hopeful, A
firm alliance with a strong Italy is the avowed
policy of the chief of the EXPEBORN Cabi-net, and
of the cousin who connects the upstart house of the
NAPOLEONS with the very ancient Royal dynasty
of Savoy. The last pamphlet, which must have
for its author some one deeply versed in the last
plans of the Cabinet of Turin, offers what must be
thought the fullest guarantees for the spiritual in-
dependence and the appropriate honours of the
Pope. Indeed, as we remarked before, there will
probably be no State in Catholic Europe where the
PokE will be allowed such free ecclesiastical action
as in Italy; while funds, cardinals, and guards of
honour are provided him at the cost of all the
Catholic Powers, and in a manner to give these
Powers about an equal representation in his coun-
cil. Mr. SPOONER and Mr. WHALLEY, reading
tee programme, will exclaim that the PorE would
be a mightier ecclesiastical potentate than ever,
and would gird themselves afresh for war to the
knife, with that national tribute to Popery, the
Maynooth grant !

Amongst the Signs of the Hours—is the circum-
stance mentioned in to•day's telegrams. Father
PASSAGLIA has published at Florence a pamphlet
condemnatory of the temporal power of the Papacy.
We have not yet seen it, but it is said, as might
well be expected, to have produced an immense
sensation. The journals are rejoicing in the sup-
port afforded by so eminent a theologian to the
Italian cause. Father PASSAGLIA is, in fact, the
POPE'S own theological champion. Pius IX., it
will be remembered, is the Papal parent of a new
article of faith. The notion of the Immaculate
Conception of the Virgin had been a dream of many
Romish enthusiasts and fanatics, but the present
PorE, after prayer, till he supposed himself duly
inspired, by a decree of his own required all the
faithful to believe that the Virgin's sinful parents
gave birth to an immaculate daughter.

As many Bishops and theologians of no small
repute were hostile to the new dogma up to the
moment of its Papal parturition, it was deemed
necessary to provide a champion against possible
assailers of the new article of faith during its
tender years. This Father PASSAGLIA, who now
attacks theologically the temporal power of the
POPE, was the man appointed by him to do theolo-
gical battle with all comers, for the Immaculate
Conception of the Virgin. We have little doubt
that this time he has written a good deal of sound
theology ; we are sure that all men of common sense
will accept his conclusions ; and in a case so very
clear, we can hardly doubt that we might pledge
ourselves to endorse also the greater part of his
arguments. The pamphlet will not be overlooked
in the deliberations at Paris. Probably the likeli-
hood of its speedy appearance had been already
known there.

The news we publish, received this afternoon
from America, is important. The letter of the Pre-
sident to General FREMONT, ordering a modification
of his proclamation to the limits of the Act of Con-
gress relating to the emancipation of rebels' negroes,
will show the jealousy of the PRESIDENT on behalf
of the safety of the domcstic institution. He had,
it appears, written* to the general previously, to
make the modification ; but FREMONT preferred
that it should appear to be the PRESIDENT'S ac+,
and replied requesting him to issue an open order
for the modification. This the PRESIDENT imme-
diately did. The chief difference was that the act
confiscated negroes employed in any way in the war.
FREMONT confiscated, that is emancipated, the
slaves of the men who took part in the war them-
selves. In point of effectiveness towards the suc-
cess of the war, the General's plan was obviously
far the better. He struck at the very combatants
themselves. They paid the penalty of fighting for
slavery by losing their slaves. A righteous retribu-

tion most will think, independently of the main ques-
tion. We fear the moral courage of Mr. LINCOLN
more than ever. He is not only afraid to use the
only weapon which can succeed, but when another
uses it, under martial law—which the highest
authority tells us is the will of the General-in-
Chief Commanding even then, poor ABRAHAM
LINCOLN quails, and begs him to deal more gently
with the slaveholders for his sake.

The military news from the same State of Mis-
souri shows that FREMONT has no child's play
while the PRESIDENT is entreating him to be so
moderate. At Lexington, in the further west of
Missouri, PRICE, the Confederate General, attacked
Colonel MULLIGAN, who was intrenched, with
17,000 men; surrounded Lexington, and summoned
the Colonel to surrender. The latter refused.
PRICE attacked, and was defeated, we are told,
with the enormous loss of 4,000 men, the
Federals losing 800. We read of another
battle also at Bonneville, also on the River Mis-
souri, but not so far west, with a loss of 650 to
the Federals. Not long ago General LYONS was
killed at Springfield in the south-west, and his
army, under General STIEGLER, obliged to retreat,
and this is the State in which the PRESIDENT
wants the General in chief command to modify
his most efficient proclamations ! In Kanzas itself,
the land of the old struggles, adjoining Missouri,
the Confederate troops largely outnumbered the
Federals both in men and artillery, and in a battle
fought there, the latter had to retreat.
In Western Virginia the Federals have still the
advantage, and FLOYD appears to be retreating.
Numerous regiments,numbering from 6,000 to 10,000
men, have been shipped off suddenly from New
York, quite unaware of their destination, and no one
able to guess beyond the moral certainty that they
are to repeat if possible the successful attack on
Fort Hatteras, at other places on the Southern
coast. At least three naval expeditions are now
afiort ; and in the course of three weeks it is said
that 60,000 men will be landed at different points
on the Southern Coast. The rebel Legislature of
Maryland is dealt with in a Cromwellian style; in-
deed far worse than that, for such of the members
as can be caught are sent to La Fayette, to study
the subject of loyalty to the Union. The PRESIDENT
seems not to care what liberties he takes with law
except with the laws which establish and confirm
negro slavery. We must think that if he mean to
fight till he conquer, this is cruel policy. The war
may last for years unless it become a war of
emancipation.

M. DE MONTALEMBERT has very recently
pointed the dexter-finger at Poland. He has
raised his eloquent and majestic voice again in her
behalf. The Tribune being closed against him—
he has addressed France, Europe, all Christendom,
as a Political Pamphleteer. At Paris, it is the
aga of pamphlets. Not of books or of newspapers
—but of pamphlets. And it is there quite natu-
rally and, so to speak, perfectly en regle, that
when a great orator or a great writer has anything
particular to say, he immediately says it through
the medium of the hot-pressed leaves of a tempt-
ing little brochure, stitched in a lilac or primrose
covering of paper, and sold for a franc across the
counters of the Palais Royale (ought it not rather
to be the Palais Imperial) and of the book shops of
the Boulevards. M. DE MONTALEMBERT, who is
both—that is to say, both a Great Writer and a
Great Orator—had a good deal to say just now ;
and therefore, as a matter of course, he immediately

said it, or rather wrote it, pen in hand, as a
pamphleteer. Appearing first of all, bit by bit, as
a sort of political feuilleton in the columns of a

popular journal, it has since made its appearance
in due form as a separate publication. It has been
translated; in a fragmentary way, into most of the

languages of Europe, and has gone the round of

the newspapers north, south, east, and west.
Everybody reading it—friend and foe, sympathiser
and antagonist—with hushed attention, as any-
thing whatever proceeding from the same hand is
certain to be read under any and every imaginable
conjunction of circumstanees. No matter what the

theme selected by M. DE MONTALEMBERT may be,
his written or spoken observations upon it are
secure at all times of the most respectful and rapt
attention on the part of the great mass of the edu-
cated population of Europe. Protestant or Catholic,
Legitimist or Republican, statesman or man-of-
letters, advocate, it matters little, whether of des-
potic, of democratic, or of constitutional Govern-
ment, each thinking man amongst the great Eu-
ropean Family turns eagerly to listen or to read
whenever M. DE MONTALEMBERT raises his voice
or takes pen in hand. It may be that he has
undertaken to " startle the dull cold ear" of this
present Age of Iron and Machinery by the dulcet
and persuasive rhetoric of his life of the Hun-
garian Queen Elizabeth—what a critic in Black-
wood recently called " that exquisite monograph
which must always hold a high place in Christian
Poetry." The reviewer adding, " A picture more
beautiful and touching was never given to the
world." It may be that the author of that "sweet
idyll of the woman-saint" has but essayed a vivid
description of some recent debate in the British
House of Commons. Or, again, it may be OW
after some twenty years or so of profoundest
study and premeditation he begins to recount the
History of Monachism in the West. It is all
one, to his hearers, to his readers—whatever the
subject upon which he is discoursing, they hang
upon his words and " listen delighted." It is a
grand position for any man to have attained ;
but nobly has it been \eon and loftily is it held by
the Genius and the Virtue, the unsullied probity
and the indomitable eiviem of the pure-minded and
generous hearted Comte DE MONTALEMBERT. It is
no wonder, then, that when M. DE MONTALEMBERT
essays to address himself once more, after an interval
of silence, to the consternation on one hand of the
Wroligs, and on the other hand of the Rights of
Poland, the import of his words should be carefully
noted throughout all Christendom. Particularly is
it comprehensible that it should be so, immediately
after an interval in the history of the sufferings of
Poland, marked by incidents so affecting, but at the
same time we will say so encouraging also, as those
henceforth memorable in connection with the an-
nals of the ancient capital of Warsaw. The summer
of 1861 moreover has been passed by M. DE MON-
TALEMBERT in 'personally visiting the scene of
these remarkable disturbances. He himself has
thus watched (with what yearnings of his
noble heart who shall say P) the bearin g
of that long-oppressed but still-aspiring popula-
tion. He has witnessed himself their won-
derful patience under woes almost too profound for
longer endurance. lie has listened to their chants
and prayers for the resurrection of their buried
but still liVing nationality. He has seen the whole
people, young and old, rich and poor, men, women,
ant little children dressed one and all of them (as
they have been for many months past, as they still
are at this moment) in Black, as a sign of national
Mourning, as a solemn protest against their oppres•
am, as an affecting expression of the universality
of the grief of the whole race of Poles over the
prolonged miseries of their native land.
Now that he is, fresh from the influence of this
extraordinary spectacle, M. DE MONTALEMBERT