The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-25 00:00:00

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A letter from Warsaw, dated April 16, says :
Stories of all kinds, with and without foundation,
were so current during the two or three days which
succeeded the terrible tragedy of Monday, April 8,
that it was very difficult to arrive at the truth of
any particular occurrence. Now, after the interval
of a week, by the comparison of various evidence,
the details of the awful scenes of that evening, are
beginning to be ascertained with tolerable accuracy.
I-have had, however, no reason to deubt-theiruth
er: '
of anything I mentioned in my last lettmine.which
I was very careful not to give mere heai'say Sstories,
-except the account of the student who killed the
-soldier that had shot his friend. This wants dot-
firmation. It Appears that the two `soldier's -killed
were two Coasaeksonaby the blow of the stone, and
the other by,a gunshot, wound• received in the Volley,
he being at the, time among the crowd. The original
official farce, that teii,only were
,killed,,has been
carried out by allot-11.14 official 'announcement, that
the ten corpses haVe-been buried. A list, Compiled
from careful firivate investigation, has since 'been
formed,- and the number ..of .dead, inclusive of those
killed on the spot, and those who are known.to have
died of their woundsecann'ot be less than thirty-
AIM .1, It is probably even greater, and many are
st7ll lying in a Very-precarions state. " The wounded
are' VeryinumerOttS, 'many hating received bayonet
Wounds froin soldiers in their individual attempts t 6
ffsperse the crowd. after the firing wasliVer i many
also having been put•- dovym by
the sabre's of .the
gendarmes ir. the first charge,
It appears, too,
that many p9or creatures_.have :Concealed their
wounds, afraid, even, to apply to.,,aremedieft.
man for professional advice lest they should be
taken to the citadel with the other wounded.
Eyp witnesses have described the - scene inside
the .court of the Castles—when after the firing the
dead _and. wounded were ruthlessly dragged in
there, men and, omen, dead and dying together—.
v'asssamellaiutawitAlliag All subsequent testimony,
too, goes to show that the massacre was prear-
ranged. It has since transpired that on_the Sun-
day night there was a kind of council of war held
the Castle. The matter was then -and there
debated and settled. I rejoice, however, to be able
to say, for the sake of humanity, that some voices
were raised against such a fell deed of blood. It is
said that General Lipraudi, General-in• Chief of the
corps d'urmee at present stationed in Poland, was
strongly opposed to it, as also the Military Governor
of the town, General Paniutin, who by his justice
and humanity in the discharge of the duties of the
Viceroy's office on several occasions during the ab-
sence of Prince Gortschakoff has gained universal
respect and goodwill. All honour to men who can
dare to be in the minority on such occasions ! The
colonel of a regiment stationed in the Castle, when
informed by the -Prince on the Monday morning
what would be required of him in the evening, re-
fused to obey, and on retiring to his own quarters
within the precincts of the Castle shot himself.
Since Monday week the Government has been
endeavouring to rtbtore some kind of order. During
the first few nights numerous arrests were made,
the prisoners being first conveyed to the citadel,
and theme carried to the fortress at Modlin. A law
was promulgated, with retrospective force, regulat-
ing the manner of trial and the punishment of such
as were arrested for taking part in tumultuous
assemblies. An order was published forbidding all
unusual dresses in the streets, all mourning, all
walking sticks with lead or iron about them. All
persons arerequired to furnish themselves with lan-
gat eta rsnn
isigs seTewhtheh
ae ty a
effectlurde
ludicrous.
theseo
the
us. streets
inß autt town
after
wwhny
wlO o'clock
lighted
as nor ith
all
this done sooner ? Why were not steps taken to
prevent crowds in the streets ? Why were they
allowed to collect, and then barbarously fired into ?
The town post has been abolished, and the
merchants' club, called the Ressource, closed ;
the town is still occupied by troops, tents having
been pitched for them in several of the principal
squares, and their camp fires light up every evening
the circle of swarshY- faces grouped around them.
Such have been some of the repressive measures
adopted. What has been done to calm and reassure
the public mind? You shall judge.

Prince Gortschakoff, the 11Iinister at Petersburg,
has been telling Europe that his Imperial master
hwais
s hgersa na tnd ed i
hn
itse nds
Polish
sh
subjects developing t
w te h
all
loyaltyconcessions
nh
de
sincerity. How does Prince Gortschakoff, the Vice-.
roy, begin the work? An order has been published
for the provisional organisatioilirelie—fieiirltruni:
cipal Council for Warsaw. I append some of the
details that you may see the spirit in which the
Emperor's telegram and ukase are acted upon—in
which his promises are carried out :
" The Council shall be called only when the Pre-
sident (named by the Government) deems it neces-
sary.
" The President shall determine the order of
matters for the discussion. No subject can be in-
troduced which has not been placed on the order of
the day.
The deliberations of the Council shall be carried
on with closed doors.

" In those matters wherein the Municipality has
had no power of final decision hitherto their deci-
sions will still require the sanction of Government.
" The President shall have a right to suspend
any decision which he considers as exceeding the
powers of the Council. Ire shall inform the Council
within three days of such determination. The mat-
ter shall then be referred to the Minister of the In-
terior, who in the course of eight days shall con-
firm or revoke the suspension. The Council may
appeal from this decision to the Council of Admi-
nistration.

" The President shall publish and execute the
decisions of the Council, and shall appoint the secre-
tary to write the protocols."

Now, where are the " loyalty" and " sincerity"
of such an organisation as this ? Here is a Muni-
cipal Council, but without a grain of power. When
the President chooses they may meet, be it once a
month, or only once a year. If he places it on the
order of the day, they may discuss the necessity of
a new gas lamp in this street or a new pavement in
that. But there is not a vestige of initiative power.
Can it be wondered, then, when the Poles read such
enactments as this, that they say, as they'constantly
do, " Oh, the concessions; they are for Europe, not
for us Poles." It looks well on paper to promise a
Council of State, Departmental Councils, Municipal
Councils ; but if this is the spirit in which the Im-
perial promises are to be carried out, better not
make the promises at all. This organisation of the
Municipal Council professes to be only provisional ;
it is to be hoped, indeed, that it is no more. How
infinitely better to give the nation a pledge of the
good faith of its governors by the honest, hearty,
speedy realisation of the Emperor's promises. It is
their suspicions of want of good faith—not unna-
tural nor:unpardonable after the withholding of the
Organic Statute in 1832—that prevents the right-
minded portion of the nation from joyfully accept-
ing what the Imperial ukase has promised.
The Government has also been taking measures
to reorganise the Administration. For this pur-
pose it is said that several eminent Poles have been
requested to take office. They have consented under
certain conditions, but these conditions have been
refused, and so the offices still remain vacant, in.„
deed, there would have been many resignations by
Poles actually in office, had not considerable
_ pres-
a
sure, and even threats, been used to prevent such a
course. It is a lamentable state of things when
man must serve against his will, or else be sent to
Siberia, or some far off town in the east of Russia.
But little progress, then, has been made since
Monday, the Bth.

The quotations of exchange from China yesterday
were Gs. 4d. at Shanghai and 4s. Bd. at Hongkong, showing
e
no alteration. The reports from the Chinese n
favourable, while those from India, in consequence,
supposed, of the famine, are unsatisfactory.
~t,Ty..---We
THE " TIMES " AND TILE PAPER- "
puts a heavy
read in the Critic :—" Unless Mr. Gladstone
will not do), the
duty on foreign paper (which assur.eicilZed.
Even his old
British paper-maker is badly off I larketiit
is
Beginning this very
friend the Times has desertec!ts
impression upon Belgian
week, the Times is priutit_l
h make is now used in ,Prin-
paper. Not a sheet of British
the Times saves six shillings per
ting7house Square.
ream by importing Noaper, as it uses two hundred reams
amounts to the enormous sum of
atsviSpnegntiment and patriotism are very
' • but they are of little worth when opposed to
perigrl
a 8
grand
se
ideas;
aser, thea 1 total
inuSi.
such a sum as that.