The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-30 00:00:00

Or' SPAPER
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will • turn out fbr good. If we can only get --witar t,qlll S
, ow-Lt.-1i and IVlnd3or a.t
Tlie 9.0 Train from Paddington will be discontinued ..
y.m,

nezt twelve or fifteen months, even supposicg we
have no acadental rclicf—if there were a sage-re
frost or some such state of things in the United
States, it might bring them to their senses; but if
there is not, if there is no substantial relief from
that quarter, we can have no dependence on any
other quarter but India. (Cheers.)
A resolution was passed unanimously by which
Mr. Potter was selected as candidate; and the
meeting pledged itself to use their best endeavours
to promote his return.

Over the Sfouth Wales Line,

The 3.30 p.m. Train from Paddington will start at 3.40 p.m.,
and will not take Passengers for Didcot and stations west of
Didcot.
'The 3.45 p.m. Train from Paddington to this West Midland
Line will start at 3.40 p.m.
The 9.00 p.m. train from Paddin,ton will start at 9.8 p.m.
The 7.20 a.m. Train from Reading to Hungerford will be
discontinued.

N°. 21,632.

PRICK. Ad.
STAMPED ....sd.

PUBLICATIONS.

adopted in the French treaty ; but, at any rate,
here was an opportunity to make a great improve-
ment.

On the 21th inst. was published, in 2 vols., Bvo., with
Portrait, &c.,
TilE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OP
ADMIRAL SIR CHARLES NAPIER, K.C.B
From his Private Papers.
By MAJOR-GENERA L ELERS NAPIER.

(of the A Mr.
and
s S.
T li, Aldermann M y
yalnT
)14
said i t
was
ofa lklessrs.
question
whether the inaccuracy in the returns did not rest
in a great measure with the shippers themselves.
It depended upon the description which the
merchant gave—whether he called the goods
worsted or woollen.
The PRESIDENT—He must return them under
certain heads, and if you give to the Board of Trade
correct heads he must return them under those
heads.
In the course of conversation it was remarked
that this subject of the classification of manufac-
tured goods was a very complicated one, but the
members of the Council were unanimously agreed
upon the desirability of giving the Board of Trade
every facility for making the best possible classifi-
cation, and a committee was appointed to consider
the matter with that view.

It is understood that a requisition is on foot to
Mr. W. N. Hodgson, of Newby Grange, to come
forward in the Conservative interest.

Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough.
street.

MI?. VILLIERS, A2' WOLVER-
HAMPION.

Both the Right lion. C. P. Villiers, M.P., and
Mr. Weguelin, M.P., attended the anniversary din-
ner of the Wolverhampton Licensed Victuallers'
Society on Thursday last.
Mr. VILLIERS, in his speech, confined himself
almost exclusively to a discussion of the question of
temperance and the traffic in liquor. The question,
he said, seems to have divided the supporters of the
good cause into two parties. One is seeking to pre-
vent intemperance by extending legislation, and
the other wishes to rely on the moral and other in-
fluences that are operating and have operated
hitherto with great effect, in expectation that those
means will be more enduring and more effective
than any sudden or extreme legislation, which, pro-
bably, would cause much difference of opinion and
a considerable reaction. I believe the class to whom
I first referred, benevolent and excellent as they are,
require an act to be passed to stop the traffic in
liquor, and those who do not go with them refer to
what has already been done and what is being ac-
complished by the various influences that are at
work, and trust to them for a remedy, rather
than wish for the adoption of an act in order
to make people sober and temperate by com-
pulsion. Well, it is impossible not to admit
that though there is a great outcry made
against intemperance and drinking there is less
of them than there used to be. It must be
within the memory of many persons present that
there was a time when drunkenness and intem-
perance were a sort of test of gentility. (Hear.
hear.) During the greater part of the last and the
first quarter of the present century a man proved
himself to be somewhat nearer a gentleman if he
drunk a good deal, and even very often got drunk,
than by any other means. (Laughter.) Why, you
know, there is an old proverb or saying which is
not yet quite out of date, but which, fortunately,
has lost its application now, " Drunk as a lord."
(Laughter.) That is found in the old plays, and it
must be taken as indicative of the habits of the
higher classes at that time. But now what is the
case ? A total change had taken place. It has ceased
to be genteel to get drunk; it has, in fact, almost
become disgraceful. lam sorry to say that even
in my own recollection a different state of things
existed. When I first went to college I never heard
of an instructor of youth who had taken the pledge.
(A laugh.) But I heard of many who had tak en two
bottles of wine at a time. (Renewed laughter.) The
same influence has operated in other quarters, and
a very great and general effort is now being made
to spread education and do everything that is pos-
sible to raise the moral character of the people ; and
I do expect that the same results will follow as have
been observable in the classes above them. There-
fore, though I have no business to say anything
about legislation here—indeed, I do not know that
there is anything intended to be said on this sub-
ject in Parliament this year or any other—yet
seeing the efforts made by an intelligent and active
section of society to stop the traffic in liquor, and
that as far as I am informed it would have a bad
effect, I think we had much better trust to those
other influences which are raising and improving
the community. I believe there are instances in
which the experiment has been tried to make
men sober suddenly. Such an experiment was
made in the middle of the last century, when an
act-was-passed imposing enormous penalties on any
person who sold spirits, and the first year after-
wards there were 12,000 or 13,000 persons impri-
soned under the excise laws. That shows that
when acts arc passed unsupported by public opinion,
and when the people are net prepared for them,
they lead to evasion ; and when you connect with
those acts something like injustice or unfairness
you will have a violent reaction. As long as the
wealthy classes have their cellars full and their
tables pretty well loaded with generous liquor, you
can hardly pass an act to stop the sale of it to the
humbler classes of society. I think that though
those gentlemen who are preaching temperance and
abstinence are aiding the cause of improvement,
they ought not to forget when they come to legis-
late for the lower classes those influences which
have produced a change of habit among the ranks
above them. (Cheers.)

THE REPRESENTATION OF CARLISLE.

CARLISLE, MONDAY NIGHT.
At a Meeting of the leading Liberals of this city
held this afternoon, after several unsuccessful efforts
to secure a candidate with local connections, it was
resolved to bring forward Mr. Edmund Potter, Pre-
sident of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, as
a candidate in the Liberal interest to fill the vacancy
caused in the representation of Carlisle by the death
of Sir James Graham. •

To-night Mr. Potter addressed the Liberal elec-
tors in the large lecture-hall of the Athenaeum,
which was crammed to the doors, about 1,000 per-
sons being present.
The CHAIRMAN (Mr. Sutton, of Scotby), in open-
ing the proceedings, paid a tribute of grateful
satisfaction to the memory of Sir James Graham's
political career. Society at large had lost in him a
benefactor. As a landlord and agriculturist he
was first in the field, and had nearly completed
those great improvements which render our
country fertile before the community at large
had begun to think about them. However much
their finer feelings might flinch from coming thus
early into the field, before the remains of
their late representative were consigned under
the turf, their duty as a constituency compelled
them to take immediate action, as there was an
enemy already in the field.
Mr. E. POTTER, having been introduced by the
chairman, addressed the meeting at considerable
length. After stating that he appeared under con-
siderable difficulties, being a total stranger in Car-
lisle, he said he found himself placed in strong con-
trast to their late valued representative, Sir James
Graham, and he could only shelter himself in think-,
ing that if he could not represent them as a states-
man of his class, perhaps he might do so as a prac-
tical man of business, and as an old politician who
had had quiet, and, perhaps, thoughtful experience,
both as to commercial and political matters for the
last 30 years. He had been largely engaged in
business for the last 35 years, and had been perhaps
as hard-working a man as any in that assembly.
He started life with little beyond a good education
and careful nurture ; he had good principles instilled
into him, and it was his ambition to work them out.
He was a calico printer, and, perhaps, at the head
of that branch of the cotton trade. :Proceeding to
speak of his views on the suffrage, he said—l am
an advocate, and have been since the passing of the
Reform Bill, for a continued extension of the suf-
frage. (Cheers.) I think the suffrage ought to be
continually extended to keep pace with the increase
of population and the increase of the intelligence of
that population. I think you will admit that there
has been during the last 30 years an amazing in-
crease
~of intelligence among the wo*ing

can speak to that point, having lived among them,
having watched them, and having, perhaps, to some
degree encouraged it by education, by leading them
on in political matters, and encouraging them,
whenever they had an opportunity, to ask for the
franchise for themselves. Well, then, gentlemen, I
think a larger extension of the franchise is due, and
if I were to give you a definite point to which I would
be inclined to go—even under the present aspect,
when Reform is a little pooh-poohed, and supposed to
be dangerous, because of the contest which we see go-
ing on on the other side of the Atlantic, my opinions
are not shaken—l should be disposed to sanc-
tion a £6 and a £lO franchise, a measure brought
forward by Lord J. Russell, sanctioned by a large
section of the Whig party, and supported, I be-
lieve, by your late representative, and every shade
of politics down to John Bright. I should be glad
to go to that extent, and more glad to go to that
extent if it were accompanied by the ballot.
(Cheers.) Under the ballot I believe you would
get a free expression of the opinion of the voter. I
am accustomed myself to vote under the ballot in
the various clubs. I consider it a great luxury, and
if I feel it is a luxury to me, I am bound in some
degree to :extend it to those who, perhaps, stand
still more in need of it. (Cheers.) I will not
weary you with any arguments in favour of the
ballot, as they are well known to you all. I am
anxious it should be carried. I believe it would
very largely increase the power of the Liberal party.
I believe it will lessen the expenses, and will do
very much for the honesty of the voter. Mr. Potter
proceeded to express himself in favour of the total
abolition of church rates, saying he was satisfied
that the comparatively small sum which would
apparently be lost would be made up most liberally
and ungrudgingly by the members of the Church
themselves. He was strongly opposed to interven-
tion, but he thought a great deal might be done by
the expression of the sympathy of a nation like
ours. Earl Russell, by sympathising with liberty
where he found it in difficulties, had kept them
clear of a much more dangerous course. No wish
had yet been expressed to meddle with American
affairs, but they were beginning to feel a pressure,
which he feared would call out very strong feelings
in favour of intervention for the sake of getting
cotton. " Honesty is the best policy," and we
should wait till we can honestly be supplied with '
that cotton by those who are the present owners of
it. The French Chamber of Commerce was urging
a difference course, which he thought was a dan-
gerous sign. He attributed the present secession
to the disgraceful American tariff, and said that if
the !American nation had come forward and de-
voted five or six millions a year to the abolition of
the slave trade we should not have had the pre-
sent secession. It was all very well to talk
laibttoluat
ftahiet
ha birno g aitti oni f put very
pay for
otfhselyavewryou, lbdutnohte
it. They had no excuse ; they were wealthy to a
degree ; and ho believed their great wealth and
easy sustenance had led to the present miserable
spectacle of demoralisation. Referring more imme-
diately to the subject of the cotton supply, he said
—The only conclusion we can come to is that we
can only mend our position by looking very closely
to our Indian dependencies. Very much may be
done, very much is doing, by increasing railway
accommodation and the means of carriage, and en-
couraging the growth of cotton. By encouraging
I mean that the Government should hold out such
facilities for transit as the Government should do as
owners of the soil, and make the roads themselves,
like landowners in this country. By that means
we should have a supply of cotton, and I have no
doubt They would get a high price for cotton, which
would tempt a larger production, and that supply
from India would be so large as to relieve us from
our present dependency on the United States.
Gentlemen, I have very few points more to refer to.
I can only regret with yourselves the very perilous
position in which the whole of the cotton trade is
placed. You, like most of us, have a very deep in-
terest in it, and I am afraid a period of privation is
t
before us for a time. It is utterly
impossible )
We CAll nave any other than serious privations but
tha