The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-06 00:00:00

ALFRED MEL LON'S PROMENADE
C. DNCERTS.
THEATRE RON 'AL, COVENT-GARDEN.
Band of la,ly 100 Performers.
lEPA Every Evening.
Commence at Eig ht. Promenade, One Shilling.
Conductor, - Kr. ALFRED MELLON.

Ti{EArrity.t.itia YAL, HAYMARKET.
twice, Mr. J. B. Backstone.
THIS EVENING the I 3allet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE.
Miss Fanny Wright, th, Leclercqs, Mr. Webster, &c.
Afte Mathews,a new f:omedy, entitled THE SOFT SEX.
Mr. C. Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E Villiers,
Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &c.
To conclude with USED UP. Mr. C. Mathews.
Gommenoe a 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEA.TB.E.
Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer.
EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'clock, the new and suc-
cessful comedy, WOMAN; or, Love against the world.
Characters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Veen,
J. Robins, Mrs. Charles Young, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray”
and Miss Lydia Thomson.
Preceded by, each evening:, the new and original farce
entitled THE FETCHES ; or, The Onconvanience of Single
Life. Tim O'Reilly, Mr. Edmund Falconer ; Mary O'Brady,
Miss Lydia Thompson.
n athalf-past 6, to commence at
Prices as usual. Doors open it till
7 Box-office open daily from 5.

C > N rERBURY
AND FINE Ii ALL CONCERTS,
ARTS GALLERY.
Selections fro n the tollowinz Operas :—NORMA, TRO-
BA LLO IN
VATC)fIE, TRAVIATA, MARTHA, UN
MA•4CHE aA . The Comic department comprises the Prince
of Comic Vocalists, Mr. SAM COWELL, who will appear
at Nine and a quarter to Eleven o'clock—Mr. Marshall—
esrs. Harvey and Frepch, "The Nerves "—Mr. Wood
and his talented Son and Miss Harriet Coveney.
Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans.

Admission—Hall, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, Is.

T HE 0 X F O RD,
6, OXFORD-STREET.

EVERY EVENING.

A Grand Selectiin from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boc-
canegra" (now produced for the first tlme in this count
Mry), by
lis, Russell, Messrs. C. Greville, Tivoli, Greene, orley,
and Herbert ; also from Verdi's " Macbeth " by Madame
Enderssohn and the entire Company. Full band and chorus.
Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic entertain-
ments by Messrs. M. P. Foster, Sam Collins, Harvey and
French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall,
sixpence; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes,
10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tare DAY.—Morning, 2h. 40m.—Afternoon, 2h. 58m,
To-.40RR0w.-Morning, 3h. 15m.—Afternoon, 3h. 36m,

THE WEATHEB..;--Sum OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 6, 1861.

THENMOMETEIty IN THE SHAMS.
73 —highest since noon yesterday.
62—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.85.
Wmu—Westerly—light ; with dull, cloudy weather.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 6, 1881.

Mr. ROEBUCK is, for once, so exceedingly dull in
taking a joke (but then it is true the joke is against
himself!) or (still worse!) he is so excessively dis-
ingenuous that he reads, or affects to read, Punch
this week literally ! Never was there such an
absurdity as this. Everybody has, of course, seen
the comic cartoon in Punch this week, and heartily
laughed at it. There is JoPIN BULL, farmer
fashion, in his top boots and his low crowned hat,

with a swingeing cudgel trifled in one hand-
-gawking about the streets, with apparently
nothing in the world to do—quite " a gentleman
at large." We should say, perhaps, judging from
the rotundity of his corporation, " at very large."
Without a notion in his honest old head
about the risk there is, in these wicked times,

of a country gentleman's heels being dogged
by those light heeled gentry the Dog-
stealers ! Sneaking round the corner with Farmer
BuLL's favourite little watch-dog " Tear'em"
tucked under one larcenous arm—comes upon tip-
toe—in the very act of bolting with his prey—one of
these very dog-stealers. More recognisable,as he is,at
once from the preternatural spindling of his shanks,
than even from the Imperial crown upon his head
—one sees at a glance that the dog-stealer, who is
thus feloniously making off with Tear'em, is no
other than his Majesty the Austrian Emperor
FRANCIS JOSEPH. Altogether it is a capital hit
from Mr. PUNCH'S baton. A hit administered to
the right nail, exactly on the top of its head. As
smart a rap, probably, as Mr. ROEBUCK has ever
received over his knuckles since he was a little
boy, in a skeleton suit, seated at his
desk trying to make pothooks, or to cast
up a very simple sum in addition upon
his slate, and doing the one or the other very badly.
About the funniest thing in the whole of this droll
picture in Punch, being by the way the sweet
complacency of countenance with which " Tear'em"
(usually, as we all know, rather cross-grained than
otherwise) is allowing himself to be run away with
by the Imperial Austrian Dogstealer !
But the delightfully absurd part of it all is—the
preposterously dull or disingenuous way in which
Mr. ROEBUCK takes it !
There is the usual Cutler's Feast at Sheffield
yesterday. The Banquet takes place in the Cutler's
Hall. The Master Cutler is in the chair—if not
exactly to carve fcr the guests as might well
become a Cutler, at any rate to preside
over the proceedings. Earl MANNERS is
there there are one or two other Lords

—there is a right hon. gentleman—there are seve-
ral hon. gentlemen, including amongst them this
last set, the hon. and learned gentleman the member
for Sheffield. Now the recent sayings and doings
of Mr. ROEBUCK in regard to Austria, in his newly
chosen part as the champion of the Austrian EM-
PEROR, as the apologist of the Austrian Govern-
ment, have long since come to be pretty notorious
throughout the country. We have commented
uppn them ourselves time and again, these last
erratic vagaries indulged in by Mr. ROEBUCK in
respect to the Government of Vienna and his Impe-
rial Majesty of Schoenbrunn. As a matter of course
when the cloth is drawn yesterday at the close of
the Cutler's banquet down at Sheffield, matters
political are talked of over the wine,
as the custom always is upon these occa-
sions among those Sheffield blades (keen or blunt,
as the case may be) in their character as free
thinking, outspoken Englishmen. Equally, as a
matter of course—under the circumstances—Mr.
ROEBUCK'S Austrian leanings are touched upon
by several of the speakers (Earl MANNERS among
them), and are " touched up" into the bargain. Late
in the evening—his only opportunity, his earliest

opportunity—;llr. ROEBUCK rises in answer to
the toast of " The health of the borough members"
-rises to repudiate the charges directed against
him, Ile 18 evidently very sore upon the subject

indeed, He is excessively angry with the Press.
He 1,4 extremely indignant with Earl MANNERS. But
—most ofall—there is Punch. Sa—sal a hit, a
palpable hit. What says Mr. ROEBUCK about it ?
Why, he actually goes the length, in his anger, of
being thns obtuse in regard to the joke of the carica-
turist, or, as we have said, thus disingenuous. "There
was a thing," he remarked—aha! Mr. ROEBUCX, your
knuckles are evidently yet tingling l—" There was
a thing in Punch bandied about that day, in which
the Emperor of AUSTRIA was represented as having
run away with the dog Teafem ' : but," asked
Mr. ROEBUCK triumphantly (as if that were the
point of the jest t), « had he run away with the
dog' WAS RE IMT gr2,E?" Observe !—like an
extremely dull man, one who can't for the life of
him take a joke, or, when one is made, in any
recugaiiw BOramcit hereby grimly

assumes that Punch implies that he (Tear'em)
has been mil off with, literally, in the body !
And not metaphorically and humorously, in the
spirit, in all, his hopes and predilections ! The force
of dullness surely could not very well go further
than that ! No—even Punch himself will of course
admit the f act insisted on by Mr. ROEBUCK, the
fact namely that, in his bodily form, Tear'em is
still here in. the midst of us, as large as life—or, if
we are to be so extremely precise or so excessively
matter-of-filet in our language, let us say as small
as life. Bllt—Tear'em's heart! How about that ?
Why Mr. 3 ROEBUCK is latterly never tired of telling
us. It is as surely of late in Vienna,
as Mr. BRIGGS'S heart at the present
moment (wherever his fat frame may be
supposed to be) is in the Highlands! Wretched
though it is at all times to expound a jest—or deli-
berately in cold blood to explain a pun—there is
Punch's joke (at Mr. ROEBUCK'S expense) with the
bloom taken off it, quite at Mr. ROEBUCK'S service.
And we hereby proffer the joke—now that it is ex-
plained—to Mr. ROEBUCK, for the cool reconsidera-
tion and reapplici thou of it !
After Mr. ROEB UCK—With an obtuse affectation
of wonder as to what all the people could possibly be
laughing at!—hale xclaimed thus last evening, "Was
he not there" (at Sheffield)—instead of having been
kidnapped and carried off bodily to Vienna ! After
having made himself utterly ridiculous by this un-
toward exclamation, we must certainly admit at
once that the hon. and learned gentleman forthwith
put to all who were listening to him yesterday at
Sheffield—puts now to all who will read him in the
newspapers throughout England—a very pertinent
question indeed. " And what," asked Mr. ROE-
BUCK, " What had the Emperor of AUSTRIA done
to make him follow him away ?" What, in truth!
We don't believe for one instant—as some have
shamefully insinuated—that his Imperial Majesty
has thrown anything in the shape of a sop to
Tear'em, any more than we believe, in
such a contingency., that he, Tear'em, would
have gobbled it up. We know Tear'em
better. We don't look upon him as in the
least like Cerberus. lie, at any rate, is not to be
"hocussed" in that disgraceful way—like the disrepu-
table cur last mentioned, the Plutonian Watch-dog
who (whatever he might have found " two heeds"
to have been) certainly did not—in the famous
instance of the sop—find three heads to be " better
than one."

Bat—Mr. ROEBUCK has his own explanation
to give in answer to his inquiry about the
Emperor of AUSTRIA. " Why," he exclaimed
indignantly last night at Sheffield, " he (the Em-
peror of AUSTRIA) had only done what every Con-
stitutional Monarch would do—he had given his
people constitutional Government." Mr. ROE-
BUCK really talks all this while as if this was the
first time anyone had ever heard of an Emperor of
Austria, or any other despotic ruler in Europe,
vouchsafing to his subjects the form of a Consti-

tntional Government ! Why, in point of fact,
this is about the stalest thing going, about the most
threadbare policy that could be talked of, about the
most thoroughly used up dodge that the crowned
heads of Europe, particularly the Emperors of Aus-
TRIA, have ever resorted to. We are sick and tired of
hearing of these bran-new constitutional Govern-
ments presented—with a flourish—to this nation
and to that by its despotic Ruler and Lord Para-
mount. Whenever an Emperor or a King gets
into difficulties—financial or otherwise—out comes
one of these preposterous Constitutions. Whenever
his Imperial or Royal Majesty finds himself strong
enough once more to do without them—away goes
the Constitution—with his High Mightiness's oath
into the bargain—away it all goes into some name-
less limbo for such broken pledges and discarded
lumber, some nameless limbo presided over, we may
presume, by the ghost of the Abbe SIEYES, and
provided with innumerable pigeon - holes.
It would be difficult, we should say, to
calculate how many of these wonderful
boons in the shape of constitutional governments,
were given to the Neapolitan people (with Royal
Oaths enough to frighten all the Quakers in the
land out of their senses merely to think of!) by his
late Majesty King BOMBA, father and predecessor
of his ex-Majesty King BOMBINA! That, just by -
the-way—as a mere case in point. But the Emperors
of AUSTRIA have done their " little all" too in the
same manner. They have given constitution after
constitution, or the offer of them at any rate, to
this portion and to that portion of their
motley dominions, until we are tired of count-
ing them up. And, forsooth, we are now to begin
wondering with Mr. ROEBUCK—who must all this
while, in Austria's regard, have been peacefully
sleeping the sleep of Rip Van Winkle somewhere in
Dreamland—we are now, forsooth, to begin wonder-
ing with Mr. ROEBUCK over the exceeding novelty
and the Arcadian benignity of an Emperor of Aus-
TRIA'S c ming forward as the inaugurator of a
constitutional form of Government. If this is really
and truly all that Mr. ROEBUCK has got just now to
tell us—he had better go back at once to the skittle-
ground of the giants and have another quiet snooze
of it, like the Rip Van Winkle of Politics, as he is.

If there be one practical question which is forced
upon our attention just now by interest, by philan-
thropy, by patriotism, we might almost say by the
voice of Providence itself—it is that of Cotton. The
millions of English freemen, the millions of negro
bondmen, the millions upon millions of our Indian
fellow subjects, all bid us turn to account the
righteous retribution which has visited the great
slave cotton Republic. It is a political cotton rot ;
and if the remedy seems to lie more immediately in
the hand of man than it did in the case of the Irish
potato rot, it may prove not to be really more so.
Two sets of human beings, with their passions and
wills bitterly set against each other, are little more
amenable to reason than a physical disease on the
tuber of a plant. Such, indeed, is the prospect of
the protraction of the war ; and such the rooted
conviction of both sides, that in preventing the
export of cotton lies their strength, that we may
expect that both will aim at the same object.
The North believes that blockading the Southern
ports and preventing its export of cotton will de-
prive their opponents of money; the South believes
that England and France will be driven to break
the blockade, and to recognise Southern independ-
ence, to secure the supply so indispensable to their
manufacturing millions. If, indeed, the two powers
refused to recognise the blockade, they could do it
with diplomatic impunity, since it was America
who, about two years ago, proclaimed to the world
the doctrine that no power could blockade its own
ports ! We shall not, however, follow their example,
and unless smugglers settle the question in their
own way, diplomatists will leave the blockade where
it is, and we shall be cut off from 85 per cent. of
our usual cotton supply till American wrath cools,
and American quarrels are settled.
Nothing, therefore, could be more appropriate
both to time and place, than Mr. BAZLEY'S paper
read yesterday at Manchester. The magnitude of
the cotton trade is only to ba described by figures
which, like those of astronomy, baffle all our powers
to conceive them ; thus, it is computed that during
the last 50 years upwards of twenty billion pounds
weight of cotton from all Nunes hoe been consumed

THE SUN;

in Great Britain, and the yell ie would be probably
not less than £750,000,000 "sterling, or might equal a
sum of the amount of our National Debt, the chief
supply having been obtained front the United States
of America. Upon a fair compul;ation the import
of that material, which has so la nely employed the
capital and labour of this COlll3 try, has yielded a
profit of not less than L1,000,(1100,000 sterling to
the people of the United Kb tgdom within that
period. The wonder is that so large a supply of
cotton could be procured from t hat one source, the
United States; not less, as we ha` 'e already observed,
than eighty-five per, cent. con, dng thence, while
other countries furnished but eight, and our own
colonies but seven per cent. of the remainder.
The importance of the cot ton supply can there-
fore hardly be exaggerated. The labour expended
on it is the only means by wl• iich a population equal
to that of European Kingdor ns purchases the ne3es-
series and comforts of life. «With the growth of
this industry," observed Mr.. BAILEY, " five millions
of our population have beo.mme, directly and indi-
rectly, dependent upon it for their subsistence ; and
the productiveness of their capital and labour, in-
eluding the raw material, was for the last year
nearly £80,000,000 sterling. Of this large value
£25,000,000 of cotton manufactures were absorbed
in the consumption of the people of the United
Kingdom, and there remained for exportation
£55,000,000. The estimated capital engaged in its
fixed and floating investments is £200,000,000.
The people employed and connected with it exceed
the population of the kingdom of Belgium, of Hol-
land, and of Portugal ; the national treasury receives
from it an amazing sum in aid of the expenses of
the State, and a commercial marine of un-
paralleled magnitude derives support from it.
Surely - Mr. BAZLEY and the Cotton Supply
Association have the best right to reiterate their
appeals to both the Government and the manufac-
turers of Lancashire to bestir themselves in the
modes appropriate to each. Hitherto, by a strange
infatuation, the Manchester Cotton Lords have
been the slowest to act, and the Government with
all its shortcomings has shown more zeal at this
crisis than those who must close their mills unless
they can procure cotton from other sources than
America. These gentlemen have a very comfor-
table belief in the all•coming-right principle; high
prices and the smuggler, and above all—luck, will,
they think, save them the trouble of looking out for
themselves. The commissariat of their looms and
spindles is, they fancy, no business of theirs
Possibly the stern old teacher may yet give them a
esson.

Of course, India is the grand hope of those who
look to our own colonies. The quality of Indian
cotton, Mr. BAZLEY tells us, is even now such that
it would do for 75 per cent, of our manufactures ;
the labour too is there, and the land is there, if
only we could get it ; but the land grievance
seems to be the great one. We have all that we
need in climate and labour, and we are, at last,
improving our communications in India ; but, as
Mr. BAZLEY says, "it is a national reproach to us
that we have permitted our own fields to be uncul-
tivated, and that our spinners and manufacturers
have been driven by necessity to consume the pro-
duce of slavery. Lacking the means of communi-
cation and of irrigation, the resources of the East
Indies remain in much the same dormant condition
in which they have been for 2,000 years, but
brighter prospects are opening in that great depen-
dency; railways are being constructed, canals
formed, river navigation improved, and works of
irrigation promoted. One great defect is, however,
retained with perverse tenacity. The tenure of land
is obstructive alike to the rights of individual owner-
ship and to its elective cultivation. Without doing
the slightest wrong to the holders of any land, its
equitable transfer might be sanctioned, and a
landed proprietary as influential as in our owa
country might be established. Protection to life
and the rights of property, with every other just
adjunct of good government, will inevitably lead
to prosperity."
On this land question the Indian authorities
seem very slow to act. Some years ago Mr.
BAZLEY had waited on Lord STANLEY when he
was Indian Secretary, with a deputation on the
subject. His lordship sent out a very decided
minute on the subject to the Indian Government,
but to this moment it had not been acted on ! The
grand allurement to capital, simplicity and secu-
rity of tenure, was still withheld. Nothing is more
entirely in the power of Government than the sale
of the vast extent of waste lands in India to public
buyers, which was hat Lord STANLEY ordered.
Nothing would be more likely to issue in the
creation of splendid cotton estates ; yet this one
thing the perfunctory, or obstinate Indian Govern-
ment has not done—not done, even though ordered
to do it as a measure of Imperial policy.
It is very rarely that Americans hear their con-
duct fairly described in Liverpool and Manchester.
Mr. BAZLEY, however, speaks out and characterises
the wrongs committed by the North on the South,
and by the South on its negroes, and our own dis-
gracefully tame submission to American commercial
injustice as they deserve. The following remarks of
the hon. member are well worth reading ; we hope
they will also be read from New York to New
Orleans on the other side the water :
" Of the commercial policy of the United States of
America censure can hardly be too severe. In the
Northern States protection has prevailed, and the
people of the South have been compelled to pay ex-
travagant and monopolist prices for the maeufac-
tures produced by their own agricultural labour,
and which, in the form of cotton, has been received
in this country free from every tax. The North
has robbed the South by unjust exactions, and the
South has robbed the negro of liberty and life.
Why the British manufacturer has tamely submit-
ted to an import tax of 30 per cent. upon cotton
goods entering the States of America, while the
raw cotton, the growth of those States, has been re-
ceived here free from tax or impost, without making
an effort to procure supplies of his raw material
from free labour, with the right to send free ex-
ports in exchange, can only be accounted for by
the anxiety to possess an apparent immediate benefit
at the cost of advantages more enduring, but which
could only be regarded as of prospective or future
possession. Partial and unjust government has at
length reaped the fruit of convulsion,and for which
unjust policy had sown the seed. The North has
taxed for its own protection and advantage the
people of the South and their industry, and the
South has held in degradation, oppression, and
slavery the labourers who have enriched their
owners. Mutual wrongs have been committed,
and hitherto no just object appears before the
world as a cause of the lamentable struggle which
is exhausting both of them ; but slavery is doomed.
A protective system has been fostered in the North,
rounded very extensively upon the pirated inven-
tions of this country, and by the agency of which
our manufacturers have been largely Excluded from
the markets of the States. Even their very litera-
ture has been abstracted from the intellectual facul-
ties of those in their fatherland who have only their
cultivated minds and soul-breathing thoughts for
their inheritance." .
It is but too true that we deal with no power so
grasping and ungenerous as the United States have
been. Their whole commercial policy has been a
model of cominercial eilrishuesio