The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-07 00:00:00

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY.
The Hamburg-American Company's screw
steamer Bavaria, Captain J. E. Meier, bringing
mails of the 24th ult. from New York, arrived off
Cowes between 8 and 9 o'clock this morning, and
went on to Hamburg.
The State Department at Washington had issued
the following explanatory notice tegarding pass-
ports :

"The regulation of this department of the 19th inst. on
the subject of passports was principally intended to check
the communication of disloyal persons with Europe. Con-
sequently passports will not be required by ordinary, travel-
lers on the lines of railroads from the United States which
enter the British possessions. If, however, in any special
case the transit of a person should be objected to by the
agent of this Government on the border, the agent will
cause such person to be detained until communication can
be had with this department in regard to the case.
" W. H. SEWARD."
A despatch of the 23d ult. from Washington
qays:—
" There is much speculation in military circles as to the
wisdom of prosecuting the war by an advance into \ ir-
ainia, where the greater part of the armed forces of the
rebels are concentrated. It is argued that an attack upon
Charleston and New Orleans would be the wisest course.
It would immediately disorganize the whole rebel army,
make them abandon Virginia, Tennessee, and Missouri in
hut haste to defend their own homes, and leave the way
open for the unmolested advance of our army here and at
Cairo to the borders of the original seceding States, and
transfer the war from the border into the heart of the coun-
try where the rebellion was first begun. The project is
certainly worthy of serious consideration. If effectually
carried out, it may serve to crush out the rebellion and
bring the South to its senses more speedily than regular
advances upon the entrenched camps and fortified cities of
the enemy in the border States."
On the 23d ult. a reconnaissance in force of in-
fantry and artillery was made from Alexandria,
without falling in with any of the rebel forces. It
was said that the cause of the retreat of the rebels
from Centreville and Fairfax originated in a colli-
sion which took place between two bodies of their
own pickets, each mistaking the other for Union
troops, and each reporting, upon falling back, that
the enemy were advancing.
The news from Missouri states that the Union
men in the south-western part of the State were
greatly harassed by the rebel forces, thousands of
them being compelled to abandon their homes. About
10,000 of General M'Culloch's army were marching
northward, an advanced guard having reached as
far as Lebanon, on the road to Rolla. The actual loss
of the Union forces at the late battle at Wilson's
Creek amounted to 223 killed, 721 wounded, and
291 missing—a very heavy loss, considering that
there were not more than 8,000 men at the utmost
in the action on the side of the Federal Government.
By way of Cincinnati we have intelligence of a
skirmish on the 20th ult. between the 11th Ohio
Regiment and a force of 4,000 rebels at Hawk's
Nrst, a village eight miles from Gauley, in the
Kanawha valley, in which 50 rebels were killed and
a large number wounded and taken prisoners.
Every fting remained quiet at Fortress Monroe.
General Wool had a review and thorough inspection
of the troops there on the 20th ult., and, it was said,
personally examined the arms of every soldier in
the garrison. Mejor General Butler had been de-
tailed by General Wool to command the Volunteer
forces at the fortress—a position which he would
occupy until his return to Massachusetts, in order
o raise the division which ho had been authorised

to recruit.
A lady spy, of some literary notoriety, Miss
Windle, was arrested at Alexandria on the 22d ult.,
and taken to Washington for safe keeping. She
openly avowed her correspondence wit.'" the rebel
leaders.
The New York Herald of the 23d ult. says :
" The Government has inaugurated a vigorous crusade
against Northern jou mils whose articles favour the treason-
able practices of the Southern rebels. The New York Daily
News was seized by the United States' Marshal in Philadel-
phia yesterday, and its transit to the South and West totally
cut off. The same ,‘fficial also took possession of the office
of the Christian Observer, which has been deprecating what
it calls the present unholy war.' The authorities at the
South appear to be exercising a like supervision over those
Northern papers which do not represent the views.of the
rebels. A committee is established at Nashville, Tennessee,
which takes hold of all bundles of all Northern papers, and
prohibits their going further South, unless the tone of their
articles and news suits their peculiar ideas. This is done,
no doubt, for the purpose of keeping the Southern people in
ignorance of the true feeling of the North and the real ob-
jects of the war."
As illustrative of the inefficiency of the blockade,
a Boston pap r publishes the following items:—
" The schooner Albion, from Wilmington, with a cargo
of Fee and naval stores, arrived at Cardenas August 1, and
reports no blockade of that port on her departure.
"The scho,ner Adeline, from Savannah. with rice and
naval stores, arrived at Havannah, August 3, and reports
no blockading vessel off that port when she left,
"The Roman ship Roman. Tree, from Calcutta, with a
full cargo of gunny cloth and saltpetre, for New Orleans,
arrived at Havannah, August 5, having been ordered off by
a blockading vessel at the mouth of the Mississippi, and
will discharge in deposit at Havannah.
" The schooner Major Barbour. from New Orleans, with
a full cargo of cotton, arrived at Havannah, August 8 re-
ports no blockading vessel in Eight on her departure.
" The schooner Prince of Wales, from Newborn, with
rice and naval stores, arrived at Havannah August 11, and
reports no blockade."
Under the heading " Secession from Secession,"
the New York Herald has the following :
" Wn learn by recent arrivals from the South that the
Governor of Georgia has recalled the troops of that State
from Virginia, in order to suppress insurrection at home.
This is probably au excuse—the real reason being hostility
to Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet, on the ground of their
interfering with State rights, and organising forces in
Georgia for the war without the authority of the Governor,
in derogationof the sovereignty of the State, and in opposi-
tion to the Constitution and the principles of the Revolu-
tion of 1776 The quarrel has been going on for some time,
having been first developed in the case of General Bartow,
who lost his life at Bull's Run, and who had taken troops
and arms from the State in obedience to Jefferson Davis
and in despite of Governor Brown. The quarrel culmi-
nated on the 2d inst., when the Governor disbanded a bri-
gade at Atlanta, commanded by General Phillips. Gover-
nor Brown seized the opportunity to assail Davis and Co,
He said, The great battle of sovereignty which was fought
at the Revolution had to be fought over again,' as there
was an attempt now being made at the South to destroy
State sovereignty ani build upon its ruins either a monarchy
or a consolidated aristocracy.' That this quarrel will end
in the secession of Georgia from the seceded States there
appears to be little doubt ; and as, according to their own
doctrines, a State has a right to secede, the Confederate
Government are without any remedy. Such is the absur-
dity to which the principle of secession leads, and such the
denouement which we long since predicted. The practical
working of the doctrines of the rebels leads to the disinte-
gration of their own Government, and shows that they will
all go to pieces. But if the evil were to be confined to the
South we should not have so much reason to regret it; but
if the South succeeds in establishing its Independence, and
with it the principle of secession, the same evil will prevail
at the North, and secession after secession will be the re-
sult, till at last the 34 States will be 34 independent military
republics, all warring against each other. The way to pre-
vent this catastrophe is to render the struggle for the Union
triumphant by giving it all the moral and physical aid
which it needs."

At the Mansion-Horse yesterday Edwari Hem-
ming, a ruining broker, was fully committed for uttezing
forged transfer for live shares in the Wheel Harriett reale.