The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-26 00:00:00

ITALY.

The intelligence given in the Lombardia of
Milan, of certain persons having set out for Lon-
don to invite Mazziui to give himself up to the
Italian Government, and stand his trial, is looked
on by the Constitutionnel as of a certain importance
as tending to prove that the Mazzinian party is
again in movement, and that if the news given by
the Milan journal be correct, they must have some
hope of success, and that, if false, public opinion is
once again occupied with Mazzini and his views,
and perhaps not without sufficient reason. The
article proeceds in these terms :
" When the Italian national movement developed
itself in its energy, and, it may be said, in its
grandeur, the Mazziuian party were driven far
back, and the most common-place prudence dic-
tated to it the propriety of making itself forgotten.
It doubtless did not abdicate, but it concealed its
flag. That was so much gained for the cause of
order and tranquillity in the Italian Peninsula. If
that flag should now reappear, the conclusion to
be drawn from it is, that the admirable unity of
opinion which prevailed round the throne of King
Victor Emmanuel runs some danger, and that
faults have been committed or are on the point of
being so, for Mazzini cannot perform a part and
reassume a certain prestige except through the
faults of his adversaries. We have always hoped,
and we do so still, that Italy, which has manifested
during more than two years past such a spirit of
political wisdom and good conduct, will persevere
in those fruitful paths, and that she will not want
for statesmen to assist her in this second part of
her work. Then, at the end of a certain time, there
will be no necessity to ask for Niazzini's pardon,
as the gates of the Italian Peninsula will open of
themselves before him. He will be no longer a
danger, but only a remembrance, and he may walk
at any hour of the day or night on all the Corsi of
Italy, unless he prefers, as is very probable, to re-
main abroad like a fallen royalty—the royalty of
Utopian schemes and disorder."

POLAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
WARSAW, DEC. 13.

The contest between the Government and the
clergy is maintained with the greatest firmness on
both sides, each using its own particular weapons.
The clergy throw odium and disgrace on the Go-
vernment by keeping the churches closed, and the
Government answers by arresting the most zealous
and patriotic among the clergy. Administrator
Bialobrzeski's trial is over, and sentence of death
was passed upon him, which was afterwards com•
muted by the Czar to 10 years' transportation to
Asia. This is equivalent, in the case of so old and
bed-ridden a man as Bialobrzeski, to transportation
for life. It is still a mystery for what crime he
received this terrible punishment, no mention
having been made of it in the official paper, which,
however, has published a sort of apology for the
conduct of the Government in this matter. This
apology has been reprinted by order in all the otber
Warsaw papers, and is a literal translation of an
article which appeared in the Prussian Allgemeine
Zeitung, and which, by its wilful distortion of facts,
is evidently the production of some German scribe
in the pay of Russia. It begins by stating, what
is perfectly true, that from the beginning of the
present revolutionary movement the clergy have
done all they could to second the efforts of the
patriots. It then goes on to make the old charge,
that the inviolability of the churches has been used
to shelter illegal demonstrations, although it would
find it difficult to prove what these illegal demon-
strations were. Archdeacon Bialobrzeski, it adds,
resolved the very next day after the state of siege
was published on opposing the arrangements of the
authorities, and thereby taking advantage of the
opportunity of making himself popular with the
country by openly taking its political passions
ander his protection. This last is an important
admission on the part of the Germn paper, and
the Government, which by publishing it in its own
organ has in some sort made it its own. Hitherto
we have been assured, in the face of a thousand
proofs to the contrary, that the movement in Poland
was only a partial one, and was confined to a few
hot-headed revolutionists; now we have it on the
authority of the Government paper that it embraces
the whole country. We are next told that the
events of the Kosciuszko day were enti7ely due to
the perseverance of the archdeacon; and we learr
for the first time that it had been the intention of
the clergy to come in procession to the beleaguered
churches and free their inmates under the shelter
of their sacred office—a piece of news which was

certainly not known to any one else in Warsaw,
and which, even if it were true, did not justify the
Government in taking the measures it did. The
Allgemeine Zeitung is, of course, of another opinion,
and differs from all the other accounts of the con-
duct of the Government on the occasion ; no men-
tion is made of the disgraceful scenes which took
place in the churches, and the whole story is garbled
in the most unblushing manner. Attention is then
drawn to the Administrator's letter to the Govern-
ment, which is characterised as a clear proof of the
hostile disposition of the clergy towards the autho-
rities. Such a letter, the writer thinks, ought to
have met with instant punishment ; and he ex-
presses his surprise that three weeks should have
elapsed before the Administrator was arrested—an
instance of leniency on the part of the Government,
which should indeed excite surprise, if it were not
known—doubtless by none so well as the writer
himself—that during these three weeks the Govern-
ment did all it could to reconcile the clergy, and
that the arrest of the Administrator at the end of
that period was only an act of petty vengeance on
the priesthood in general, of whom he is the head,
for foiling their plans.
This city continues to be the scene of numberless
arrests and outrages of every description. Fifteen
students, five of them Jews, have been sent to serve
as common soldiers in the Orenburg Corps. This
mingling of the Jews with Christians in Poland for
a common cause is a significant fact, showing how
all old enmities are forgotten in the present move-
ment, and how all classes unite in their efforts for
the salvation of their country. The Jews form a
large portion of the population, and their co-opera-
tion, which is most zealous, has been of the greatest
importance to the national cause. These students
were preceded by a band of wretched mechanics
bound for the same destination. The journey
to Orenburg is a most arduous one. At Brzesce-
Litewski, the captives are loaded with
chains, and driven along all the rest of
the way by the brutal soldiery, who beat and
abuse them at every step, leaving them very little
time for rest by day or night. The conduct of
the soldiery in the streets of Warsaw makes one's
blood boil. Take a few instances, which are but
fair specimens of what happens here every day :
A woman went out of her house at night accom-
panied by her servant, the latter carrying a lantern
in obedience to the order of the police. They had
not gone many steps, when they came upon a
patrol, who immediately seized the woman for hav-
ing no lantern, the one carried by her servant not
being sufficient, it appears, to illuminate both. The
poor woman cried and protested, saying that she
had left a sick child at home; but it was all of no
avail, the stony hearts of the barbarians refused to
be moved, and she was carried off to prison, where
she remained three days. At length, when she was
set free, she ran home to look after her child, and
found it dead for the want of the care and nutri-
ment of its mother. But cruelty and violence are
not the only means of repression used here, every
species of indignity is heaped upon these unfortu-
nate Poles by their oppressors. A civilian meeting
an officer, an old friend of his in the street, shook
hands with him heartily; upon this Gen. Brumer,
who happened to be passing, accosted the officer in
these terms : " You disgrace your uniform, sir, by
shaking hands with a civilian ; I place you under
arrest. And you, you rascal, in a paletot," turning
to the civilian ; " how dare you shake hands with
an officer and insult the uniform of his Imperial
Majesty ? I order you off to prison." Both were
sent off to the guard-house accordingly. A young
man of nineteen, named Bartozinski was walking
in the street, when suddenly a soldier struck him
in the back with his fist, being, no doubt, in one of
his sportive moods. Bartozinski turned round
quickly, and said, what any other man would have
said, under the circumstances ; " What are you
striking me for, you rascal ?" For this he has been
sent to serve as a common soldier to Orenburg, as
we learn from the papers.
General Luders appears to have made up his
mind to remain in the Viceroyalty. As for
Wielopolski, the rumours of his disgrace with his
Imperial Master appear to have been premature.
The Journal de St. Petersbourg of the 10th instant
publishes a rescript signed by the Czar, in which he
appoints him a Knight of the Order of the White
Eagle, " in regard to the self-denial which he showed
under the difficult circumstances in which he was
called upon to take part in the pacification of the
kingdom of Poland, and as a reward for his zeal
and useful labours for the common weal." This
certainly does not look like a disgrace; and people
here still hope that the marquis will come back to
Warsaw invested with full powers as the oziginator
of a better system of government. Although
Wielpolski is anything but popular, and his go-
vernment would certainly not suit the views of the
patriots, it will at least be possible to live in the
country when he is at the head of affairs, which is
more than can be said under the present rule. The
situation is becoming so intolerable, in fact, that
any change can only produce an improvement.
And at least with so moderate and able a man as
Wielsposlki it will be possible to give full expres-
sion to the wants and requirements of the country,
which the horde of savages who now fill all the
posts of the Government, from the highest to the
lowest, will neither understand nor permit.
Another instance of the unceasing efforts of the
Government to excite the peasants against their
landlords, and bring them over to the side of Rus-
sia, has recently come to light. At Sieradz the Go-
vernment employes spread a report that the
peasants will receive the lands of their masters
from the Government on payment of a small sum.
The peasants, believing this, collected their hard-
got earnings and gave them to the employes, think-
ing thereby to acquire a right to acquire a right
to their masters' possessions. The consequences of
this imposition might have been serious, had not
the peasants been speedily undeceived; but it is
more than doubtful whether they will get their
money back. Meanwhile the greatest efforts are
made to secure their good-will towards the Govern-
ment. They are exempted from the operation of
many obnoxious laws which press bard on their
masters, and the numberless Government agents in
the country are constantly speaking to them of the
benevolent intentions of the Czar. Such, however,
is the universal hatred of Russia, that all the stra-
tagems have as yet been unsuccessful.

THE CONDEMNED CRIMINALS IN WARWICK GAOL.
—Monday next has been fixed for t he execution of Thomp-
son for the murder of his paramour at Birmingham, and
Beamish for the murder of his wife at Coventry. The
former prisoner maintains the same stolid indifference as to
his fate that he exhibited on his trial. On the other hand,
Beamish, it appears, had all along expected an acquittal,
on the ground of the difficulty of bringing the crime home
to him through the medical evidence.
QUEER PETITIONS TO ROYALTY.—TIIO two new
volumes of State Papers misting to the reign of Charles 11.,
recently published, contain records of strange requests pre-
ferred to his Majesty ; amongst others the following, .--
"Dame Martha Jackson, widow. For the place of Gentle-
woman of the Horse and Lady of the Crupper to the Queen ;
also to be Countess of Pall-Mall, Viscountess of Piccadilly,
and Baroness of Mews. Has suffered much for the ser-
vice of horse and foot soldiers, and was once shot in the
thigh." The services of Peter Carey are, perhaps, on the
whole, the most singular in the book. His mother, Eliza-
beth Carey, widow, prays—" That the pension granted her
for service to the late King may be transferred, she being
old and decrepid, to her son Peter, who followed his
Majesty to Oxford, and was there bitten by his dog
Cupid."
PRESENCE OF MIND JUST BEF,)RE BEING MUR-
DERED —A party of Whiteboys entered a house in which
were a man, his wife, and their daughter, a little girl. The
three were all together in one room. The ruffians rushed
into the room, dragged the man out of the house, and there
proceeded to murder him. In the room where the won: an
and the girl remained, there was a closet with a hole in its
door, through which a per son placed inside could gee into
the room. The woman concealed the little girl mu the closet,
and said to her, " Now, child, they are murdering your
father down stairs, and when they have murdered him they
will come up here and murder me. Take care that, while
they are doing it, you look well at them, and mind you
swear to them when you see them in the court. I will
throw turf on the fire the last thing, to give you light, and
struggle hard that you may have time to take a good view."
The little girl locked in through the hole in the closet door
while her mother was being murdered ; she marked the
,murderers well. She swore to them when she saw them in
the court of justice, and they were convicted on her evi-
,dence.—lrish. history and Character, by Goldwin k2nalt.

THE SUN, LONDOI
1110XEY MARKET AND CITY NEWS. SHARE 111ARKET-(THIS DAY). BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
......---...----- -.0.- losin g
Price. supine
CITY, Two O'CLOCK. ORDINARY SHARES AND STOCKS. Share Railways. Paid. 'C
--
The usual quarterly disbursements and the dimi- - -
Wished circulation consequent upon the revenue
Share Railways. 1 faid.l Closing Business
I Price. done. Bar r Bom.,Baroda&Cent Ind 1 -
i Gu. 5 per cent.. .... 00 985 995
collections have imparted more firmness to the . 18 Do Do. •1i all -- d
204 Buffalo and Lake Huron all 31 45 d
`Vol.,eneral discount market. The supplies of money 50 113elfast and Nor. Coun. f all - -
13.14 Eir., 01., and Str. Val., all 75 8 20.5 Do. New - -
having decreased very little, business is now nego- 25 , Blyth and Tyne - - 10 Do. Preference .... all 65 65
10
,liost.,Sleat,andMid.Co all 6 61 „A r Buffalo,Brant,&Godrich
tinted under the Bank minimum of 3 per cent. 100 - -
st , Bristol and Exeter
It is stated that arrangements are in progress for et 'Caledonian lOO , 101 1015 1.01 100 Do. do. July 1, 1873 100 - -
10 'Carmarthen & Cardigan all ' - - 100 Do. do. Juee 1, 18:4 100 - -
amalgamating the Metropolitan and Provincial and 60 Cork and Bandon all - - 5 Clcutta.&S.Eastn. fLi e ) all 44 5
20 ; 20 Cape,Eastn.Prov. (Lim.) 2s. - -
the Mercantile Banks recently established, whereby 'Cork, Blrock, & Passage
all -5
6-
20 Cornwall2o Cape Town & Dock Scrip 16 1 sd;
20 ,Ceylon Guarantd. 6p. c. 75 - -
10 Do A
the necessary amount of capital will be secured. A gets no div all - -
till 6p c.p an.has 174 IDemerara.. ...... ~... all - -
The Tagus, from Lisbon, has brought £1,425 in 10 Do. B
been paid to B. all - •' 20 lEaetn. Bengal gu. sp. c all 191 20 d
50 Dublin & Belfast Juno. all 40 42 stock East Indian, gu. sp. c. 100 100 101 101 5
specie, 25 Dun.,Pertle& Ab. June. all 104 11 20 Do. F. Shares Ext..... all - -
A call of £2los. per share, amounting to £48,455, st East Anglian lOO 18 19 20 Do. Jubbulpore all - -
st Eastern Counties...... 100 505 515 511 1 100 Do. 45p c. Debentrs all 98 100
becomes due to-morrow on the Caledonian Railway st Eastern Union, A stock 100 47 50 100 Do. sp. c. Deb., 1864_ all 99 101
£25 44-- per Cent. preference half shares. st Do Bdo do 100 32 34 100 Do. 1865-1870 all 100 101 1025
25 DoNw A, late E U 3ds '35 - - stock Grand Trunk of Canada 100 18 19 184 i
The half-yearly meeting of the proprietors of st East Suffolk - - 100 Do. 6 per cent. Pref.. all 53 58 58
st Edinburgh & Glasgow lOO 88 90 100 Do. 2d Pref. 6 per ct.. all 40 60
the Bank of London will take place on the st Edin., Perth, & Dundee, 100 285 295 100 Do. 6 per ct. Debentr. all 28 32
10 Forth & Clyde Junction all - - 100 Do. 7 per cent. 1862 .. all 34 38
15th prox., for the purpose of receiving the direr- st 'Furness - - 100 Do. do. 1867 .. all 27 80
tors' report and declaring a dividend. st Glasg. and S. Western ; 100 97 99 100 Do. do. 1872 .. all 27 30
10 GreatNrthn of Scotland' all - - stock Gtlndiarenin.gua.sp.e. 100 995 1003
The directors of the South Australian Company at 'Great Northern.. j 100 1115 1125 1121 20 Do. New gua. sp. c... 10 15 d
have announced a dividend at the rate of 7 per st Do A stock
st Do Bdo 1 100 130 132 guaranteed 5 per cent. 100 985 995
cent., payable on and after the 15th January. st Gt. S. an 'W. of Ireland. 100 , 101 103 20 Do. do. all
at Great Western 1100 675 68f 68 1
Do Str Val gala: *tiiOCk 100 55 58. 205 Gt. W. ofCanada Shares all 84 91 94 4
The last week's railway receipts, ascertained up st
I.i.o2z.,ooikilsEpoDDDDcuoooocoi D.dn.... 136
eN. ce.w' 73 .w. iil ........... allBl 114
13
61
to this day, are in round figures as under :-- 12 Irish South Eastern I all - -
st Lancashire & Yorkshire,' 100 1051 1065 1064 5 1 100 Do., 54 p. c. do. '77 d 0... all - -
1861. 1860. at London and Blackwell, 100 54 66 100 Do. 55 p. c. do. '7B d 0... all -
Great Western ..£50,234 £51,904 st Lon., Bright.,& S. Coast' 100 115 116 stock Madras guar., 45 p. c... 100 88 90
N orth-Western
Brighton 16,194 16,030 st Lou. & North Westerni 100 915 62 92 14 stock Do. 4/ p. c. Extension 100 91 93
Midland - .... all -- ,;
.. 19,V0 21,152 25 L'derry & Coleraine all 1 - stock Melb.Corp. 6p. a Bnds. 100 - -
South-Eastern
Great Northern
Lancashire and Yorkshire - - all 5 7
South Wales - -
Edinburgh and Glasgow 6,329 6,096 10 Metropolitan 74 55 6
R iledddda . ooseouln
iLLALBu
(Limited)
btda Pcddd.i.i)t.ot.iomaai
.11. i . ..Sd). g.: :71.....6a..1 ::: :e:c all 4 6
Great Western of Canada 10,596 8,220 6st Midland . all 1265 127 1274 i i
4.0 Do New
1-1005 1-100d4 cop
These returns are of an unfavourable character st Do Birming. & Derby 100 97 99 p stioo
60 Mid Gt. W of Ireland all -
in most instances. On the Great Western there is 25 ' 'W.
Do. 5 sharesall - - 20 Do. Do. .... -.. trs ,T? all - -.1
a decrease of £1,670; on the North 'Western of 25 Mid Kent - - stock Do. Indus. St. Flo. ge,53.1 100 es 100
10 Do Cray Line - - 10 Trinidad (Lim.) Scrip.. ( 1 $ 1 d
£2,308 ;on the Midland of £3,289; on the South 100 Newcastle and Carlisle all - -
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
10 Newry & Armagh, def. 9
Eastern of £1,822 ;on the Great Northern of 20 Newry, Warnpt, & Ros. all - - 20 Algerian ' • .... 5 - -
£3,041; on the Lancashire and Yorkshire of st Norfolk lOO 60 62 625 10 Antwerp & Ro:,`erdam. all I 64 61
at North British - - ....... .. all - -p
£3,771. The Brighton shows an increase of £169 ; st Nor.Dev.Rail&Dk.stock 100 - - 20 Bah.&S.Fran..Lim.7 p.c. 15 f 4 d 141
the South Western of £162 ; and the Great Western st Do A stk ; A rem no d 5 Belgian East. Junction all 4 /
till 6 pc. has beenpdß 100 - - 20 , Beziers to Graissessae.. all - -
of Canada of £2,376. st Do B stock lOO - - . fearmeaux Mine & Rail 30 105 111
st Nth. Eastern-Florwick 100 981 995 100 100 ICoplapo
_,__ .............. all - -
The steamer Della which leaves to-morrow
for 25 Do, G.N.E. purchase 16.13.4 14 d d 10 Ditto tixtension .... all 484
Bombay, will take £251,545 in silver and £2,500 in st Do Leeds
st Do York
100 871 885 895 20 Dutch Rhenish ........ 16 I i
20 Eastern of France .... all 215 295
gold. at North London - -
10 Do new 5 - - 20 Do. do. 1 all - -
There has been very little animation in the 19.16.4 North Staffordshire ~175 51 41 d 20 Great Central of France' all - -
stlO „N. and S. W. Junction. all 105 104
Market for Public Securities to-day, the dealings Not. Gran. RI. & Canal 100 88 90 895 20 Gt. Luxem., Con. shs...l all 81 9 9
20 Italian Junction . . all - -
havin been unusually restricted owing to the un- 10 Peebles all --- 20 Lierre & Turnhout .... all - -
g2O Portsmouth - - 20 Lyons & Geneva ...... all - -
certainty felt with regard to the progress of the io Rhymney - - 20 Namur & Liege ........ all 81 ff
st Bcottish Central
American difficulty. Several speculative sales st Scot. N. E. Aber. stock 100 37 39 20 Do. 6p. c. Pref. ........ all 20 21
16 Northern of France.... all 88 .49
however, have been effected which have led to a at Do Sc it. Mid. stock lOO 95 97 16 Do. New Shares ~... 15 - -
10 Shrews. and Welchpool all - - 10 Norwegian Trunk Pref. all 7 9
decline in prices, Consols having receded to 901, 91 at Shropshire Union
10 Sittingbourne & S * heer all - - 20 Paris & 0r1ean5........ all 50 62
for money and the account. The New Threes are st South Devon lOO 36 38 20 f i Recife &S. Fran. (Perri.)
flat at 901 1 ; the Reduced steady at 901 4; Bank 25 S. Durham & Lane. Un all - - 1 gua. 710. ct. 1im....... 17 65 45/1
at South Eastern - -
Stock is at 232 and 231 ; India 5 per Cent. ditto st South Wales
103: 104 ; and the Debentures are 98: t,. at S. York. and River Dun 1, 0 95 97 .. ..
20 Staines,Wok.,andWok. all 55 6 5 Royal Swedish .. - -
all - -
4 Do. 7 per cent. Pref..- all -
Very few transactions have taken place in the 25 Stockton & Darlington all 36 38 20 Sambre & Meuse . ... all 65 7
25 Do l3 7 8 p 10 Do. 55 per cent. Pref..... all 85 95
Foreign Market, and prices in some instances arc 25 Do New, 1860 5 45 55 p 20 San Paulo, lim, g. 7p. c. 4 14 .1
rather flatter. Turkish 6 per Cents. are 78 to 781; ,3.1 Taff Vale. - - 20 S.Aust &Lomb Venetin 16 4 1 181
Do Pref. No. 1 - - 26 Southern of France.... all 254 264
ditto, 1858, 68 681. Mexican are 274- i!, ; Grenada 25 ThamesHavenDk&Rail 22 - - 20 S. East Portugal 7 p et. 4 ---
50 Ulster
Active are 14*. Dutch 4 per Cents. are firm at 25 Do 2O 2 35 10 Do. 55 p. c. Preference .. all 94 10
12.10 Do
1001, and Venezuelan at 21f. st Vale of Neat 20 W. & N.W. of France .. all 20 21 21
h - -
In the Railway Share Market the dealings have st Victoria sta. and Plm lOO 1 - -
20 Western of Switzerland all - _ -
at Waterford & Kilkenny,. 100 - - 6 Wiesbaden . . all -
been exclusively limited, and the few operations 50 Waterlord & Limeriek.l all - --6 Do. 8 per cent Pref..- all - -
entered into show a decline of about Ito -} per 20 West Cornwall 1 all 55 65 20 Zealand - -
20 West London I all
cent., owing to the unfavourable character of the io Do Ist class ; all
- - BRITISH. MINES.
20 Do 2d class 1 all - - -----:.---Alfred Consols (Philack, 3.2.10 i---1
traffic returns. Great Westerns have declined 55., st W. Hartlepool Har.&R. 100 - - 21, British Iron
and Eastern Counties and Midlands 10s., and North st West Midland Oxford 100 46 47 47 - Clifford nil 32 35
at Do Newpor- 100 43 45 435 - Devon G. Cons. (Tavist ) 1 360 370
Westerns 15s. North Eastern (Berwick) and South at Do Hereford 100 89 91 - East Bassett (Illogan) 3O 55 60
- East Caradon ..14.6 281 255 295 1
Eastern, however, have improved 58. LINES LEASED AT FIXED RENTALS. - E. WI Russel (Tavistk ) 7.4.0 2/ 31 10
The Foreign and Colonial undertakings show - Gam.&St.Aubyn(Gwen.) 551 18 20
!p.m. Leasing Closing Business Great South Tolgus.... 17s 31 41
little change of importance. Great Luxemburg Railways. - (a. Wheal Alfa. (Philack) - -
1-• "''`` Co. s Price. Done. - G. Wheal Vor (Helston) 40 6 7
realise 9 ; South Austrian and Lombardo Venetian, - Grenville 6.8.6 14 11
11
8! ; Bahia and San Francisco, 141; Great Western Bedford and Bletchley all Ln.&N.W • • _ = Herod's-Foot 8.12 37 SD
Birkenhead lOO Da.&G.W 84 86 Hingeton Downs 4.11.6 34 t
of Canada, 9-1- 1 ; Grand Trunk of Canada, 180 1,-;
Buckinghamshire.... 100 Do.
94 96 --s Lady Bertha
and East Indian, 101 to 101-1. Chester & Holyhead.. 100 Do . 53 54 Margaret (tiny Lelant) 94 40 42
Do. 55per cent 100 Do. 123 125 - North Downs 25 4/ 55
Joint-stock Bank and Miscellaneous Shares con- Do. 5 , 100 Do. - ;Nt Frarces (Illogan), 115 2 3
Clydesdale Junchon 100 C,aledon. 101 103 - North'i Basset (Illo2;an)11.14.0 21 34
tinue dull, without any material change in values.
Colchester, Stour Val. all b.U.&E.O 63 65 - North Wheal Crotty .. 9.18.9 11 25
Union of Australia realise 381 ; Electric Telegraph, E. Lincolnsh. gsipr c. 100 Gt. North. 133 136 - Par Consols (St. Blazey) If 7 8
E.Union,HarwichShs all E,Counts. 4 44 20 IProvidence(Uny Lelnt.) 10.6.7 38 40
94,+; and Royal Mail Steam, 47. Do. Woodbridge.- 100 - ,Sortridge Cons. Min. Co. I 1 a
- Gls.Barr.&Neils.Drct. 100 Cale•don •.: :: - ;South Ca.radon(StCleer) 11 310 820
BRITISH FUNDS-ONE O'CLOCK. Do. new ' 100 Do. _... _ - IS. Carp Brea (Illogan).. 5.9. C. 445
Bank Stock
Hull and Selby all Yk.N. Mid 110 112 - S. Wheal Fran. (Mogan) 18.1a.V 975 1025 110
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 9O 5 I Do. halves - Stray Park 27 19. 29 31
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities - 1 901 Do. quarters
10 Tin: Croft
New 3 per Cent. Annuities.... 9Ol 54 4 Lancaster & Carlisle, 100 'Ln.&N.W 193 198 9 75 85
Annuities, 30 yrs, expire kith Jan., 1880.. - London & Greenwich 100 S. Easterr 61 63 - I Vale of Towey (Caren )1138 6cl f 1
. Ditto for 30 yrs, expire sth April, 1885.. 154 Do. Preference - IWest Basset (Mogan). ;14 l4 15
.1
India Stock - Lon.,Tilb.& Southend 100 ; Pete & Co. 83 85 - W. Caradon (Liskeard), 5 1 48 50 48
- West Seton . .........I 474 280 290
Lowestoft gua. 4 p c.. 100 ,Norfolk .. .. ..
Ditto 5 per Cent. - 1 Wheal Basset• (Mogan) 55 85 90:
Ditto Enfaced Paper, 4 per Cent - ainc.,Bxtn.,& Matlock all LNW& LI 35 31 - Wheat Buller(ltedruth) 5 75 8.5
Ditto .5 per Cent. 965 • Mid. Bradford Prefer- - Wheal Edward (Cals.) 71 25 3
Ditto 55 per Cent - I Wheal Kitty (U.Lelant), 1.7.2 45 54
Ditto Debentures, 4 per Cent., Oct., 1863 981 1 Newmark t, Bary For 15.5. 6. E Counts. par I p - ;Wheal Mary Ann (Men.), 8 16 1
Consols for Account, Jan. 9 915 901 gua. 5 per eent... - !Wheal Treiawney (Ms.)! 7 16 17
Northn.&Eastn. sp. c. all Do.
India Stock for Account - Do. 6 per cent. all Do.
India Stock for Account, 5 per Cent .... 1035 5 Do. Fixed sp. c.... all Do.
- March. June. N. Eastn-Hartlepool 1(0 N. E. Ber. .-. 1 BonAceord Copper,Lim 17.6 ict Rd 4 1
Exchequer Bills, £l,OOO 2d.... - 11 10 North Western
L&N W 5 Do. Land and Mining Co. all 11 1
Ditto £5OO .. -- - Preston and Wyre. f all 3, L. ik. 143 45 1 Clarendon Cons.MluCo. I - disc.
Ditto Small - -
Do. 4 shares A. all Do. •• • •.. _ _ 40 Cobre Copper all 35 37
FOREIGN FUNDS-ONE O'CLOCK. Roystn.Hitch.& Shep. 100 Gt. North. 133 136 Copiapo l6 6 8
Shrewsby & Hereford 100 T Brassey 118 122 1 DunMoun.Cop.Ming.Co ail 1 14 15
Mexican, 3 per Cent - Do. Do.
Ditto Acco .nt
Grenada Active
Turkish 6 per Cent. - Wimbledn & Croydon all L.&Brgtn. 84 94 14 , Kapunda (Limited)..... 1 1 14 p
Ditto Account
Ditto New Loan - PREFERENCE SHARES. 5 FLusitanian 2 5 pr
1 'Mariquica all 1 4 4
Ditto Account
1 enezuelan 3 per Cent
D'‘vidends on the above payable in London. Share! Railways. pao.l Closing Business
- Prices. Done. Mining and Smelt... all 2 4
5 'Port Philip
Dutch 21 per Cent., Exchange 12 Guil... - j 1 14 14 14 0
Nilo Certificates, 4 per Cent...
Italian, 5 per Cent., 1861 65 45 25 Blythe and Tyne 10 p.c. 281'81 United Mexican ........I ail 74 8 85 1
Ditto Scrip - -
st Bris. & Exet. 4p. c. st„ 100 93 95 I Worthing (Limited)....' all 5 1
I Do ••[ -
TWO O'CLOCK. 20 Do. shares - - -
Consols Money -
Ditto Account - COLONIAL GOVERNMENT SECURITIES.
,
65 Cork & Bandon, 55 p. c. all - - - ,Can. Gov. 6 p.c.Ja. &July i --
-- - - 20 Cornwall. 5 percent.... all 205 211 1877-9 ... 110 105 ' 108 106 71
NOTTINGHAM .ELEGTION.-(This Day.) 64 Dun. Perth, &Aber.Jun. all 6 el - Do 6p. cent.lBBo-21 100 - -
10 Do. Ist Class Pref all - - - Do. 6p. cent.lBB3-4 100 - -
• st E. Angn. Class A. sp. c. 100 101 103 - Do. 6p. c. Feb. & Aug. i 100 104 107
(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) st Do. Class 116 per ceni;„ 100 112 117 - Do. 6p. c. Mar. & Sept. 100 104 107
A crowd of upwards of twenty-five thousand per cent.. Ist Do. Class C 7 lOO 110 16 - Do. 5 per cent lOO 94 96 955 761 6
st 141 Corm. Ex. 5 p.c. No.l 100 108 110 -- Cape G. Hope, 6 p c,1880! 100 106 108
persons were present at the nomination. Lord Lin- st Do No. 2 100 106 108 - Do. 18901 100 106 108
st Do. new 6p. c. at lOO 123 125 - N.B.G ov. 6 p.c. J a.&July; 100 102 101
coin, proposed by Alderman Cullen, seconded by at Eastern Union, 4p. c- 100 81 83 - Do. 6p. c.An. & Oct.l 100 - -
at Do. 5
Alderman Heard. Sir Robert Clifton, proposed byguar lOO - -
et Edinatzpo p. c
la•s.s p.c. shares 100 111 113 - N. S.W. Gov. sp. c., 18661 100 98 100
- Do. sp. c.,1371 to 1876' 100 97 99
Dr. Thompson, seconded by Alderman Reckless. st Do. 4p. c. guar. 5.,45 ~_ 100 89 91 - Do. p.c.,1888 & upwds 100 96 98 98 74
at Edin. Perth & Dun. 4 p c 100 - - - Nova Scotia Gov. 6p. c.
About one hundred hands held up for Lord Lin- st Furness, 5 .
per c t * • 100 - - ster7lnp,;, 1875 lOO 103 105 105
at Glas & S West -,11 5 c 100 - -
coln, the remainder for Sir Robert Clifton. A poll st Great• Northern, 5. Pp.c.. : 100 115 116 - S. Au5,G6p.c.1878.& up lOO - -
- Vic. Gov. 6 p.c. Js. &July; 100 - _
demanded for Lord Lincoln. Great excitement, but st D 0.5
st Do. 45 p.
pc.Redm.lop.c.pm o lOO 102 106 100 110 112 - Do. do. 6 p.c. Ap.&0ct....1 100 102 104 ; 1034 21 35
. c. d
no breach of the peace. st Do.sp.c.Rednr.atep.apm 100 107 109 DOCKS.
10 Gt. Nh. of .-cot. Ist pref. all - - ---- -- -
- -- - stock 'Commercial lOO ,
FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST. st Gt. Sn. &W. (Ireland)-
stock I Do. 4 per Cent.Pref.Min. 100
4 per cent lOO 97 99-
-----,...--. stock East and West India .. I 100 123 125
50 Great West. (Berks and stock London .... ; 100 58 61 59
MAILS DUE. Hants tlxt) 5 per cent 6 - - stock 'St. Katharine
st Stockmn inY s t
e• •*r• ' 100 59 62
at Do. redeem. 45 p. ct.... 100 98 100
Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Jan. 18. st Do. redeem. 4p. et._ 100 88 90 stock Southampton lOO I -
- via Marseilles Jan. 12. at Do. irredeem. 4p. et._ 100 89 91 stock ' Vietoria . ......... ...... 100 198 100 98
20 I Do, New
Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Jan. 4. st Do. sp. c. redeem. pref. 100 102 101 ...... 2lld pr
100
ABB
rag. i
Bank
-aki -s,thot-Nfjn-Toirutterhdk see
ry i
c JOINT-STOCKe-B: 508 A_ Is. T I i S .
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and Sr. Helena Jan. 1. 8 Jo. Birm. pref. shares.. all 94 10
10 Do. Chester 8 P.C. pt. shs all 17 18
China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Jan. 2.
10 Do. Chester 5 p.c pf shs all 105 11
124005° i'l ABB aauans kkt r ooa fla.E Londont .... . . . aaslol 62-254 -6T411'
- via Marseilles ...Dec. 27. st Do. Rirm. guar. *stoCk_ 100 75 77
_25200: Chtd.Bankl of
Falkland Islands
9,0711
Cain.
eßra.
loifkl.
on. .
ov.ELlo.ciiyAnuntoaA.zdignheruitl..
raaa.scid, Americannr:e:rnaacd.l..i. . . aaaaaa111:11102311lill
1-2___3l 1301
ii
69 x 75
16774_ 8 4
Gibraltar, via Southampton .... Dec. 26. , 134 Do. do all 10 104
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via 'Southampton.. Jan. 2. 20 Do. do all 15 155 155
I,lcCGCooietmlnvo.nin ißea:lc..ol.at
- via Marseilles.... Dec. 27. 100 Lan. & Carl. 44 P.C. pref 60 - -
at Lan. & York. 6 p.c. stock 100 136 133 1375
_72 74
India (Bombay), via Southampton Dec. 'A' at Do.Barnststes2s 10d c 100
11120000000
- via Marseilles Jan. 4. et Do. 6p. c. (East Lan.).. 100 - -
Lisbon Dec. 21. et. Do. 4a p. c. (Blackb. pur. 100 101 103
22:0000
lii,
rILE. ,
0000
nnng
..
dd.
coo:
In:
noBartnn.
13,
ddl.
it. of
Abs.
London.cil. .
a 22510501
1-7 i - I i
Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Dec. 26. st Lon.&Brig,.sp.e.eu. No.i 100 112 115
- via Marseilles Dec 27. at Do. 5 per cent. do. No 2 100 112 115-
..Dec. 25. at Do. 6 per cent ao lOO 136 133
Newfoundland
Oporto and Vigo . Dec. 21. at Do. 5 per cent. do. No. 4 100 112 115
st Do. 44 per cent. do. 100 - -
U.S. and British N. Apiaries, ty Brit. packet.... Dec. 25. 5 Do. 45 p. C. nref. shares all - -
1250200000° Londonlll3.,cL
ooaDn.tls 31 34
_ by U.S. packet.... at Do. 7 per cent pref. stir 100 152 155
- by Canadian packet. Dec. 25. at Do. 0 p.c. do(W.E.&C.Pa 100 127 130
W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Jan. 10. at Do. 4 p c.st (div detliP6s 100 73 75
Jan. 16. st Do. 4 per cent. pref .. . 100 - -
Bahamas, via New York' at Lon.Chat&Dov. sp.c.p.f. 100 90 92 -•
Mexico
10 Do. West. Ex., B, 6p. a all - -
12
All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, } Dec. 30. 10 Do. laetrop. Ex. ti, 8 p.c. 35 - - 50 National Bank ... ..... 25 -
California,and British C01umbia............ st Len. &S. W., Cov. & 26 INe e South Wales... all , -
Nuneaton, 5 per cent. 100 111 113 25 I Orient. B. CorporatiOn.. all ' 4-9 671
___--
st Lon. & S.West. 7p. cent. 20 Ottoman Bank ... .. . . all 17 50
418 175
In consequence of the activity in each depart- st., late 3d shares .... 100 - - 100 , Provincial of Ireland:. 25 -
2210: 36325:
v 33364 365 i
amount st Do 4+ per cent - - 10 I Do. new. -
1 all - -
merit of the Royal Arsenal, and the large amou,
2s 6d Do.* P (Prtsm. perpl. anus. 25 South Australia 1 all -
of stores to be shipped, the establishment will not of 2s 6d - 25 Union of Australia '''.".•••. I all I -
38 39 38 i
• 125 Londondy. & Cole. 5 she all - _ 50 Uni ~ of London . . i 12 1 275 285 27/
be entirely closed during the usual Christmas hole- 125 t,ondony. & Ennis. 5 she all 131 14 100 Unity Mutual.. .. 6O I -..-
1 ---
days. At the new foundry in the Dial-square a st Man. Sh. & Lin. 6 per et. 100 124 126
ic)
6 Do. £6
10 .Do redeem. 6er cent- 5 1 fpm 51 , an c Ic. Ml. Stm (id)all
1000 Atlantic Tel. 1 2
(Limit d all
turned out, the weight of the casting amounted to Carl.all
125 larynort & 4 pr. c. _ .. 25 Australians gricultue )1
upwards of 33 tons. A number of 100 pounderall
125 Do. 45 per cent • • .. 10 Berlin Water (Limited) 19 25 27
at Midland Cor. 6p.a s; k lOO _ • • 50 British American Lande all
5 5i
Armstrong guns for the naval service have recently
~ st Do.Con.Bris.& Bir. 6 p.c. 100 137 139 138 50 B.&l.Mag. Tel. A. (Lim 40
-
been tested ia the presence of members of the Ord- st Do. 45 p, c. pref. • •
stock 100 102 104 20 Do. 8,7p.c.t1111852 (Lim.).) all
29 32
all all 18 20
6 Do. 41 per cent.
20 Do. C. (Limited)........
nance Select Committee with the utmost success. at Do.Leic. andllit.4per ct lOO 92 9 324 Canada Land .. all 911
at Nerflk sp. C. Ex. st. 1846 100 .. lO Chan.lslands Ta
. &Lim.. . all 100 103
Each gun fired consecutive rounds, including every at Do. • Pref. t 1347 100 - •.
54 H. c. s.. st. Cop. alin.ofEng.&Srnlte- all _
'x 5t.1847 100 • ..
stoppage, at a rapidity exceeding a round per at Do.sWay.Valk, . 25 Do. Pref. 75 per cent. .. all
- -
at Nort British. 5 per cent. 100 109 111 st. Crystal Palace
minute, and the guns remained clean, without at Do. New gua. per cent._ 100 109 111 st. Do. Preference
sponging, for at least 50 rounds. 10 Do. Bor. Un. g. prf. shs. 5 1 11pm
10 Do. do. do. all ..
.. at. Do. 6 p et. Perpet. Deb. 112
20 E.lndia Irrign. & Canal 105 107 2
1 102 105
FOR GRUMBLERS.-I never complained of my st Nth.Dvn.RailatDck.Co. 5 .. • • et. Electric Telegraph
at N-East. Cons. pref. 4 p.c. 100 .. •
_ 25 Do. New 93 06 935
15
condition but once, when my feet were bare, an l I had no at Do. 44pr. ct. redeemable 100 .. .. 5 English &Aug. Copper. all "i. c
money to buy shoes; but I met a man without feet, and st Do. G. N. E. 4p. ct. pret. 100 99 101 15 Gen. Steam Navigati m 14 2- -
17 Do. Berwick 4p. c. pref. 100 98 100 1 Great Ship Limited) all -I
a
became contented with my lot.-Sadi, a _Persian Poet. 20 Do. Leeds 6p. a No. 18. 13.4 5 dis par 1 Do! 174 pet Preference all i e''
A horrible murder was committed a few days ago 123 Do. do. Quarters, 1848_ 13 .. - 5 Lon. District Tel. (Lima 45 --
25 Do. York, ff. &s. l'urch. 9 ~_
.. 4 L.G. Omnibus Co. (Lim.' all -1-4 i
at Oltingen, near Ral, in Belgium, the victim being a beggar 20 North Staffordshire.... 10 jars }pm 20 Madras Irr. and Canal 1 II 1 "
woman named Boutridder, 56 years of age, who was found 10 Rhymney Guaranteed.. all 22 23 231 10 Med. Exten. Tel. (Lim ' all al, :
84 Scottish Central. new pf all . 25 National Die. Co. (Lim ) 5 . • -I
dead in the road not far from her house. She had received
i,
. . • •
t SCOttishNorth-Eastern 20 Nerbu.Coal&lron (Lim.) 5 I 4
d 41 5
several wounds from a knife in the face and neck, and a 31 p. c. pref. stock.... 'all ~ • • 10 Netherlands Land all _
i IC
st Do• Aberdeen e-ua.(ip c leos Do.B p.c.Pref..iss.atl dis. all -
deep gash extended from one side of her mouth to her ear,
at ' ""' . ..
..
Do. 7p. c. pref. t.iock 1004
100 N.Br.&NovaScotinLand 81 10
of it hadls
In order to complete the murder the perpetrator 10s. South Devon, Ann, 10s. 100 113,t 136 1 N.B.Australasian (Lim.) all 115
stuffed grass and mud into her mouth with such violence
.10 Do. F,ixed 44 per cent all 10 105 1 Oriental Gas (Limited), all 11 11
The husband .1- u. 6. South Eastern (Reading all - .. 1 Do. New Shares (Lim.). all 15 11
that the tongue was forced into the throat. Ann., 1.0 6)
of the woman, a blind man, and her son 12 years of age, st Da. 4} per cent
i excursion at Do, Fixed 45 per cent 1130 99 101 50 Pen. & Oriental Steam all or, es
were absent from home at the time on a beggalg st South Wales,4 100 gua. p. c. 50 Do. New
Nat.
d lee) London
on jAve o.wWi
ofnk of Canada,,
30 g ii
in the neighbourhood of Charleroi. No trace of the mur- st Do. 45 per cent
st Do. do 1859 lOO 60 Rhymney Iron all 17 19
deter has yet been discovered, nor can the motive be divined.
at Do. 5 per cent
100 .. -
h- 15 Do. New.- ....... . all 5 6
An officer proceeded from his station at Cappag st S. Yorkshire, 4p. c. gua. 100 85 88 100 Royal Mail Steam 6O 46 48 ".47
20 Do. sp. c us_ 13 st. scot. Austin. Inv.(L 100 125 135 -
white (says the Clonmel Chronicle), and searched the house
25 Stock. & Dar. A 5 •
•g • • • • •
P. a - all 274 284 25 South Australian Land all 32 34
of a farmer named Patrick Dwyer, of Dahaha, a townland 25 Do. B 6 p. c... all 31 33 1 Submarine Tel. Scrip., all
p. 625 Do. C 1 Do. do. Registered
a / I
in the Cappagh hills, outside whose house the constable _ c... all 31 33
t Watrf d & lailkny, 6p. c. 100 42 45 10 Do. do.•
found concealed in a coffin a gun, three powder horns, two at W. Mid.-Oxf Ist gllastk 100 123 125 10 Trust and Agency or
( powder flasks, a shot pouch, a brass shot charger, a nipple at Do. 2d do lOO 121 123
t Do.Novport 5 p.c. pf.red lOO 100 102 20 rr.& Ln•Co.oi Upr.Can. 5 p 1p
wrench, a bullet mould, the Mitt end of a pistol, and a Van' n at Do. Perpet.6 p. c. pf. 1866
tity of shot and powder. st Do. 100 118 122 .....
..at.
5 U. K'dom Tel. Co. (Em.) 1 id yr
100 115 Izo Austrlasia(llm)lst is. 1 Id 1 p
a
100 an Dielaea'.4 L aid .. 281 8 till 1669

LINES LEASED AT FIXED RENTALS.
Railways. Paid. Leasing Closing Business
Co. s Price. Done.
Bedford and Bletchley all Ln.&N.W
Birkenhead lOO Do.&G.W S 4 56
Buckinghamshire lOO Do. 94 96
Chester & Holyhead lOO Do. 53 54
Do. 54 per cent 100 Do. 123 125
Do. 5 „ 100 Do.
Clydesdale Junction 100 Caledon. 101 103
Colchester, Stour Val. all E.U.&E.O 63 65
E. Lincolnah. gsipr c. 160 Gr. North. 133 136
E.Union,HarwichShs all E,Counts. 4 4}
Do. Woodbridge.— 100 • • ••
• •
Gls.Barr.&Neils.lorct. 100 Caledon .. ..
Do. new i 100 D 0........ .. ..
Gloster & Dean Forest, all Gt. Wea . .. ..
Hull and Selby , all Yk.N. Mid 110 112
Do. halves ' all Do.
Do. quarters
Lancaster & Carlisle 100 'Ln.&N.W 193 193
Loudon & Greenwich 100 S. Easterr 61 63
Do. Preference llOO Do.
Lon.,Tilb.& Southend 100 ; Peto &Co B3 85
Lowestoft gua. 4 p c.. 100 ,Norfolk
Do 6 per cent lOO Do.•Mne.,Bxtn.,& Matlock all LNW& 1.1 35 31
Mid. Bradford Prefer-
ence stock
Newmark t, Bury For 1 5. 5. 6. E Counts. par f p
gua. 5 per eent...
Northn.&Ea.tn. sp. c. all Do.
Do. 6 per cent. .... all Do.
Do. Fixed sp. c.... all Do.
N. Eastn—Hartlepool 1(0 N. E. Ber. .. ..
North Western
N.L &W
Preston and Wyre. f all jz L
yk. 1 43 45
Do. 4 shares A. all Do. ••• • .. .. ..
Roystn.Hitch.& Shep. 100 Gt. North. 133 136
Shrewsby & Hereford 100 T Brassey 118 122
Do. Do.
..
South Staffordshire
Wilts and Somerset lOO Gt. West. 92 94
Wimbledn & Croydon all L.&Brgtn. 84 95

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER' ' 26, 1861.

!Business done

CAIVADA.

British North America is confessedly acknow-
ledged to be one of the most magnificent colonies of
the Crown, by the higher class of politicians; and if
its importance is not appreciated at its full value by
superficial observers, it is because its vast area is not
readily grasped by the popular mind. Moreover,
this immense territory is so sparsely populated
that it conveys but a feeble idea of power through
the absence of concentration. Over the frontier
lies the United States, by which Canada is relatively
dwarfed in its proportions. It is in the direction
of the republic that the stream of European emigra-
tion has flowed for years in full tide, while it
has done little more than trickle over British
North America. The reasons for this preference
were fully shown in the despatches of Lord
Durham, and in the documents drawn up by
those who accompanied him in his political mission
but happily these no longer exist, and the future of
Canada is bright with promise. Her natural re•
sources are so affluent that they may be deemed
inexhaustible ; and for all practical purposes the
colony enjoys complete self-government. The two
old provinces are united under one Parliament, and
in every department there is unity of action. The
circumstances of the country are entirely different
from what they were in Lord Durham's time; all
causes of political jealousy and ill-will are removed;
the French Canadians of Lower Canada are as loyal
as the British Canadians of Upper Canada; reli-
gious irritation between Protestant and Catholic
has entirely disappeared, and the remnants of
ancient feudalism, so fearful a provocative
of discord in the lower province, have been ex-
tirpated by the very roots. In fact, by a
wise series of compromises and concessions the two
races, if not fused, have been brought into harmony,
and both sections of the united legislature are cor-
dially co-operating to promote the general welfare.
The Legislative Council is no longer nominated by
the Crown, but is an elected body, as is the Legis-
lative Assembly. The Governor-General is ap
pointed by the Crown and is the representative of
royalty, but he acts under the advice of an Execu-
tive Council, who are the faithful guardians of
Canadian interests. Thus the people are essentially
free. They make their own laws, raise their own
taxes, and distribute their own finances. Their

destiny, therefore, is in their own hands ; but they
have this immense advantage, that in case of in-
vasion they can count on the naval and military
aid of England.
In the present state of our relations with the
United States a peculiar interest attaches to Canada.
The ambitiaus and grasping republic has ever
desired to annex the province. By article 11 of
the Declaration of Independence, dated 1778, it
was provided that " Canada, according to the con-
federation, and joining in the measures of the
United States, shall be admitted into and entitled
to all the advantages of this union. But no other
colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such
admission shall be agreed to by nine states." Thus
early in their history did American statesmen
desire to place the whole continent under the ban-
ner of the Stripes and Stars. When the Ameri-
can Brigadier General Hull invaded the province
in 1812, he published a manifesto, in which he
invited the Canadians to revolt against England,
reminding them that many of their fathers had
fought under Washington, but he did not shake
their loyalty. At that time Dr. Eustis, the Secre-
tary at War of the United States, was so confident of
victory that he said, "We can take the Canadas
without soldiers; we have only to send officers
into the provinces, and the people, disaffected
towards their own government, will rally round
our standard." Henry Clay was animated by the
same presumption. "It is absurd to suppose," he
said, " that we shall not succeed in our enter-
prise against the enemy's provinces. We have the
Canadas as much under our command as Great
Britain has the ocean ; and the way to conquer
her on the ocean is to drive her from the land: I
am not for stopping at Quebec, or anywhere else ;
but I would take the whole continent from them
and ask them no favours. Her fleets cannot then
rendezvous at Halifax, as now; and having no
place of resort in the North, cannot infest our coast
as they have lately done. It is as easy to conquer
them on the land, as their whole navy would con-
quer ours on the ocean. We must take the Conti-
nent from them. I wish never to see peace till we
do." If from war we turn to negotiations
of peace, we detect the same grasping
spirit. When the Maine boundary line was in
course of formation, Daniel Webster wilfully de-

ceived Lord Ashburton by withholding an ancient
map known to be in the archives at Washington ;
but Webster pretended that the map was not in

existence, and thus Canada lost a deep water har-

bour invaluable during winter. The same cupidity
and injustice manifested themselves in the affair of
St. Juan, when General Harney imitated the con-
duct of his predecessors, and, should the year 1862
unhappily witness hostilities, it is highly probable
that another attempt may be made to seize British
lie a I North America.

Of later years this cupidity has been arrested by
the growing hostility between the North and
South, who perfectly understood that their rivalry
must be finally determined on the floor of Con-
gress. The South was not inclined to Canadian
annexation, as it would have given an ascendancy
to the abolitionist party both in the Senate and in
the House of Representatives, by the additional
votes which the newly annexed states must have
received ; on the contrary, their wishes turned in
the direction of Cuba, as the acquisition of that
island would have given a plurality of votes to the
friends of the " domestic institution." Thus while
the North coveted Canada, the South coveted
Mexico ; the latter succeeded in its policy, but the
former only awaits its opportunity, never having
abandoned its object; and the time may now have

'7O miles. Still asceiding the St. Lawrence,
" 500 miles brings us to the limit of tide-water,
and we now begin in reality to ascend the stream
of the St. Lawrence ; 590 miles brings us to Mon-
treal, near where the Ottawa, or Grand River of the
North, mingles its red waters with those of th 3 St.
Lawrence, after draining a valley of 80,000 sq•iave
miles in area, lying to the north-west, and thus
commanding the inexhaustible treasures of the
magnificent forests of a part of Canada more than
twice the size of Bavaria or the Sardinian Statcs,
and six times the superficial limits of Holland."
It is at Montreal that science commences to bend
nature to the uses of industrious man in the deve-
lopment of Canadian inland navigation. Here
commences the system of the St. Lawrence canals,
of which there are seven formed, to overcome the
impediments created by the rapids. " The canals,
of different lengths and great capacity, fitted for
sea-going vessels, enable us to ascend 116 miles of
river in actual horizontal distance, overcoming a
fall of 225 feet above the level of tide water.'
After sailing 52 miles we reach Lake Ontario, dis-
tant 168 miles above Montreal, the lake being 756
miles from the sea, and 234 feet above it. After
traversing Ontario, 180 miles in length, we reach
the outlet of the Welland Canal, " through which,
by means of 27 locks, we rise 330 feet to the waters
of Lake Erie, 1,041 miles from the sea, and 564
from its level." Oar journey is still onward•
From Lake Erie we arrive at the town of Detroit,
in the state of Michigan, through the River Detroit;
and are then led by Lake St. Clair and the River
St. Clair into Lake Huron, which is 1,355 miles
from the starting point, and 573 feet above the
ocean. We now saii on St. Mary's River, and,
passing through a canal constructed by the United
States, enter the gigantic Lake Superior, which may
be termed a fresh-water sea, for it is as large as Ire-
land. Here the distance from the mouth of the St.
Lawrence is 2,000 miles. But this water-system is not
yet exhausted; far from it. Advancing southward
into Lake Michigan we reach Chicago, the com-
mercial marvel of the West. This wonderful city
becomes a new terminus and a new starting point,
for having arrived at it " we find at our feet a net-
work of railways spreading over the states and ter-
ritories of the valleys of the Ohio, Mississippi, and
Missouri."

• It is evidently by this water-system that the
future commercial strength of Canada must be de-
veloped. Theseinland seas are the silent highways
of its distributive industry, In the transport of
commodities over long distances every one knows
the economy of not breaking bulk, and this advan-
tage was realised in 1856 by the voyage ofl
the American vessel Dean Richmond, from Chicago
to Liverpool, having passed through all the lakes
and canals we have enumerated into the River St.
Lawrence. It is proper to observe that in the pre-
ceding year the Canadian ship Reindeer had made
the same voyage with perfect success, and in 1869
12 vessels sailed from Chicago to Great Britain. The
practicability of the route is therefore demonstrated,
and what once was theory has become fact. We have
seen that this varied navigation of lake, river, and
canal gives direct water communication with the sea
for 2,000 miles of inland coast, striking into the very
heart of the country ; but to this must be added the
railway system, of which there are 1870 miles in
operation in Canada, independent of the Grand
Trunk Extension, 164 miles in length, to Portland,
in the American state of Maine—which is
really a Canadian road. Nor can we omit to
mention the completion of the Victoria Bridge,
one of the most stupendous engineering opera-
tions of modern times. If we pass on to
the Pacific terminus we have in Vancouver or
New Columbia, the means of ready access to India
and China, so that it is merely a work of time to
complete a network of communication from the
Pacific to the Atlantic, from New Westminster to
Halifax, entirely passing over British territory.
Independently of its north-western possessions,
not yet open for settlement, the province of Canada
contains about 350,000 square miles. This immense
area may be better grasped in the mind by stating
that it is " one-third larger than France, nearly
three times as largo as Great Britain and he-
land, and more than ,three times as large as
Prussia." However, the inhabited or settled
portion only covers 40,000 square miles, yet
this is one-third greater than Scotland. The
population of the province is now only
3,000,000. Montreal, its largest city, has
80,000 inhabitants; Quebec, 65,000; and Toronto,
50,000. These are, it is true, but scanty numbers,

and Lower Canada is comparatively stationary, but
not so Upper Canada. For instance, in 1842 the
population of Toronto, on Lake Ontario, was only
10,000; in 1852, 30,000; now, as stated, it is fully

50,000. London, also in Upper Canada, contained

in 1850 lout 5,121 inhabitants; but in 1856 more

than 15,000. As a striking proof of activity,
every hamlet has its post-office, and of these

offices there are 1,729, while the electric

telegraph travels over 1,720 miles.

The mu-

nicipal system is admirably organised. Upper
Canada is divided into forty-two counties,
and each county is divided into townships; and,

arrived when the North will attempt to secure a
compensation on the St. Lawrence for what it may

on an average, each township is about ten miles
square. "The inhabitaants of a township tlect
five councillors ; the councillors elect of this num-
ber a presiding officer, who is named the reeve.
The town reeves of the different townships form
the county council, and this council elect their
presiding cfficer, who is styled the warden." The
town councils and the county councils form the
municipal corporations, who look after all local
affairs. Both Upper and Lower Canada have
admirable educational establishments—free schools,

lose beyond the Potomac.
At this crisis, then, in political affairs, the real
value of British North America is a subject of deep

interest, and is so recognised by the fact of our
Gevernment having sent out large armaments for
its defence. It may, therefore, prove acceptable to
our readers if we sketch its geographical position
in its broader outlines and its more important
_ . .

grammar schools, and universities. Land is abun-
dant and cheap, and it is wisely provided by law
that every purchaser must be an actual settler
—a reputation which effectually drives mere specu-
lators for a future rise out of the market. A farm-

commercial resources. The great points to which
we would first call attention, are Halifax, in Nova
Scotia, one of the finest harbours in the world, and
one of the finest naval arsenals on the Atlantic, if
we look to its capabilities. Next we would mention
Quebec, 410 miles distant from the sea opening of
the St. Lawrence ; and thirdly, Vancouver, on the
Pacific, or New Columbia. These are three

ing man of small means may become a free-
holder, as he may buy land from twenty cents to
one dollar per acre, and in a few years become inde-
pendent, as has been the case with hundreds, who
haue become affluent from the humblest origin. It
is indeed a land of promise to industry, and every
one may rise with the rising fortunes of his coun
try. Ilere are Britlish institutions, British feel-
ings, and British customs ; and when the English-
man lands in Canada he scarcely feels he has left
his native home.

distinctive points which mentally break down the
immensity of distance, and enable us the better
to grasp the whole. In this grand chain many links
still require completion. One of the most impor-
tant is a railway to connect Halifax with Quebec,
by which a tedious and dangerous navigation would
be avoided. A reference to the files of this journal
will show that for many years we have recom-
mended this plan, and its utility is now mani-
fested, as it is impossible for the steamers now car-
rying troops to reach Quebec at this time of the
year by the frozen St. Lawrence ; nor is it cer-
tain that they will be able to advance up the stream
as high as the Island of Bic or the Riviere du
Loup, in which case they will have to effect the
disembarkation at Halifax or St. John's, New
Brunswick. All this danger, delay, and uncertainty
would be avoided by a railway, and though it might
never pay as a commercial investment, or not for a
long period, as a military outlay the expenditure
would be wise and economical, for the Americans
would pause in their schemes of invasion when
they knew there was an unbroken line of communi-
cation available at all seasons between Liverpool
and Quebec.

CAPTAIN WILKES "LIONISED" IN
NE IY YORK.

The movements of Captain Wilkes in New York
are thus recorded by the New York Herald :
" During the whole of yesterday (Dec. 9) Captain
Wilkes was attending to his private business matters
in the city. A large number of visitors called at
the Brevoort House yesterday, and were much dis-
appointed at not seeing Captain Wilkes at home.
The majority of those who called were ladies.
Colonel Alexander Hamilton, of this city, and Lieu-
tenant Lynd, of the navy, also called during the
day. In the evening, Captain Wilkes was present
at a dinner party, given by one of our most influen-
tial citizens. The announcement that the gallant
captain of the San Jacinto would honour the Winter
Garden with his presence last evening had the
effect of completely filling the theatre from pit to
dome. Long before the doors were opened a large
crowd had gathered on the sidewalk, and were
eagerly waiting to gain admittance. The seats
were filled in a few minutes after the doors were
opened. The attention of the audience was for about
an hour divided between the stage and two stage.
boxes which remained unoccupied. At length the
long expected arrival took place. He was acccum-
panied by a party of about seven ladies and the
members of the Common Council Reception Con,
mittee. They were accommodated in two stage-
boxes, which had been specially reserved for their
use. When it became known through the house
that Captain Wilkes was present, the audience rose
en masse, the performance was for a few minutes
suspended while the band played 'The Star-spangled
Banner,' the audience in the meanwhile remaining
standing. When the music ceased, the cheers of
the audience were deafening and continued about 15
minutes. Captain Wilkes then came forward to the
front of the box and repeatedly bowed before any-
thing like order could be restored."

The Canadian Government has published a short
descriptive pamphlet, which conveys, so far as it
goes, a very clear view of the internal resources of
the country, and we shall adopt it as a guide
through the lake districts. We have already
stated that Quebec is 410 miles distant from the
opening of the vast outlet of the St. Lawrence, but
before reaching the capital of Lower Canada we
pass the mouth of that noble river Saguenay,
which
is navigable for the largest Teasels to the extent of