The Sun.
London, England, 1857-02-16 00:00:00

TIEATRE ROYAL, DRUM LANE.— to the war duty of 161 in the pound. But
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. "the pressure from without" convinces him that
Acting Manager, Mr. C. Matbew4. Stage Manager, Mr, It
Rxby. Szenie Artist, Arr. W. Beverley. • such a course is practically impossible, and thatit
Tho eminent Comedian, Mr. Charl.: 3 Mathews, every evenius% would render his own tenure of office very hi iefin-

man unnecessarily put forward respecting the
paper and wino duties. Our space will not, how-
‘Cver• permit it this day. We, however, entreat
the chosen representatives of the people and the
community at large not to be misled by the ap-
parent remission of what is facetiously termed the
War 03., but to examine the whole scheme
I closely and attentively. They will then perceive
that it merits condemnation in place of the plau-
d.t3 it has received on a mere superficial inspec-
tion, and that Sir G. C. LEwis is as unfair to
the industrious classes on the fiscal as ho is on the
monetary question. He has proved himself utterly
imcompetent for the duties of his arduous and
important office, and if the PALMERSTON Admi-
nistration desire to retain the confidence of the
people they must find some person far better qua-
lified to preside over the national exchequer, end
more disposed to relieve the industrious classes
'rom the burdens by which they are afflicted.

Great Success of the G:and Christmas Pantomime the
most magniacent ever produced on the English stage. ' ! deed. r,,,L in yieldin ghe keeps the slight COTlVenient
TUIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform an ! intrenclimeet still available as a place of refuge,
(tail-eV new three-act Drama, entitled
TIIE BLACK BOOK. and requites, as compensation for going back to
Characters by Mr. C. 11,1athews, A. Yonne, G. 'Honey, Mr. the original 7d., an additional 21 in the pound
Vincent, Mr. Tilbury, Mr. Bingham ; Misses Cleveland and
M. Oliver, and Mrs. Selby. for the next three years, or 6d. in the pound alto-
After which will be prodneel gether. He aleo distinctly repudiates the "GLAD-
SEE, SAW, MARGER,Y DAW ;
Or, Harlequin Holiday, and the Island of Ups and Downs. STONE compact." He declares that the settlement
The reduced prices as follows, varying throughout the effected in 1853 has been entirely deranged by
house to snit every one :—Galleries, cd. and is. ; Second the stern reality of subsequent events. It is there-
Circle o: Boxes, I.s. M. ; Pit, 2s. ; First Circle of Boxes,
2s. C, I. ; Dress Boxes, 3s. ; Stalls, Ss. ; Private Boxes, fore perfectly clear that he does not intend to
109.-
.6(L, I'. ls., it. us. 6d., and 21. 2s. relinquish, or even materially reduce, the tax in
A Morning Performance of the Great Pantomime every
at Two o'clock.
1860—that it must, so far as he is concerned, be
Wednesday,
regarded as a permanent burden, and that, there-
fore, it is essential that it should be forth-
with revised, so as to render it more equitable in
its apportionceent, and less oppressive in its inci-
dence. We trust, then, that professing fiscal
reformers seeing that the hope of complete relief
in 1860, which could alone extenuate a submis-
sion to the present system, being completely re.
moved, may insist on its immediate modification,
so as to remove the chief grounds of objection to
its continuance. The difficulty must be encoun•
tered sooner or latter, and there is no use in
endeavouring to postpone the inevitable contest !
The reasons assigned by the Right Hon. Gen-
tleman for not adhering to the settlement of 1853
were clearly fallacious. While speaking of the
losses arising from the alteration of the st Imp
duty on Bills of Exchange, he gave no credit for
the stamps on foreign Bills of Exchange. The
alleged loss in the assessed taxes of 285,0001. had,
as Mr. GLADSTONE explained, been provided for
in the financial scheme of 1853—and the esti-
mated loss on the malt tax does not depend on
any proposition of his, but is the effect of the
existing law, which fortunately leaves no loophole
for a " pettifogging quibble." Besides, he will
still receive the same amount of duty that was
levied on that imported article in 1853, and
which was contemplated at the time of the alleged
settlement. As to tea, coffee, and sugar, in place
of giving any remission, he is actually proposing
a very considerable increase on that which he
woul I be entitled to receive from and after the
sth April next, and, as Mr. GLADSTONE declared,
it would be well if, in place of contenting himself
with stating the amount of reduction from the
scale of duties, " he would supply the figures
from the gain which he expects to realise from
the new duties, as compared with those which
would take effect under the existing law." In
tea alone he will gain 972,500/. during the year
1857-8, 1,291,5001. in 1858-9, 972,500/. in
1859-60, and 553,5001. in 1860-1 ; or, in other
words, :in that one article alone he attempts to realise
3,790,0001. mere than ho would receive under the
existing law. This makes a formidable inroad on
5,000,0001. be professes to surrender on the In-
come Tax. We have calculated these returns on
his own (iota, for if 2,1. per lb. produces369,oool.,
the sd. increase wilt produce 972,5001., the 7d.
1,291,5001., and the 31. 553,5001. ; and the
additions on coffee and sugar will more than make
up the balance which he professes to give up on
account of the Tecorne Tax. Even if ho availed
himself of the " pettifogging quibble" so justly
comphined of by the indignant people, all that he
can justly claim credit for is the remission of the
stamp duty on newspapers, which he asserts
amounts to 260,0001., and the addition to the
interest on the public debt, amounting, as he de-
clares, in round t3rms, to a million and a half,
but actually to 1,459,0001. only, according to his

THEATRE ROYAL, IIAYMARKET.
THIS EVENING, to commence at Seven,
w;th the successful new Comedy, iu three acts, entitled,
DOUBLE-FACED PEOPLE. Characters by Mr. Enekstone,
Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Compton, Mr. W. Farren, Mr. Rogers,
Mr. Clark; Miss Reynolds, Mrs. Poynter, and Mrs. E. Fitz-
wil lam.
Followed by (first time) a new drama, called A WICKED
WIFE.
After which (60th time) the new comiepantoniime, entitled
THE BABES IN THE WOOD, or Harlequin and the Cruel
Uncle. The scenery of the opening story painted by Mr. W.
Callcott. The pantomime produced under the direction of
M.. Milano. Harlequin,. M. Milano; Columbine, Fanny
Wright; Pantaloon, Mr. Mackay; aud Clown, Mr. Driver

A frightful evidence has just been afforded at
Milan of the atrocity of Austrian domination over
the Lombard territories. We allude, of course,

to the infamous murder perpetrated in a public
café of:that city by an officer of the German army
of occupation. The assassination of a young
Italian civilian in a manner unexampled in civi-
lised nations, and under circumstances of peculiar
horror. It appears to have been a crime
committed so entirely without even the sem-
blance of what might be ordinarily desig-
nated provocation, that it can only in reason
be regarded as a deed of blood originating
in the very wantonness of Pride and Power,
on the part of one wielding—in a subordinate
capacity no doubt, but still wielding in, that capa-
city the sword of a conqueror. A Lombard
citizen at the Opera-house presumes to hiss the
prima donna. He is insulted thereupon by au
officer wearing the Austrian uniform—is followed
out of the theatre into the streets—is provoked,
challenged to single combat, and threatened with
summary vengeance. The authorities, having

-E)OPAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
1..4:"...) THIS EVENING will be performed
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
After which, a new grand Christmas Pantomime, called
ALADDIN' AND THE WONDERFUL LAMP;
or, Harlequin and the Genii of the Min. Virlequin, Mr.
Cormack ; Clown, Mr. Han° ; Pantaloon, Mr. Panto; Co.
lumbine, Miss C. Adams.

OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
/11 Lessee, Mr. C. Dillon.
THIS EVENING, will be performed a new play, in
five acts, by Westland Marston, Esq., entitled A LIFE'S
RANSOM. Lord Reverdale,, Mr. C. Dillon ; Bancroft, Mr.
Stl.r.rt ; Felicia Reverdale, Mrs. C. Dillon.
To be followed by
CON RAD AND MEDORA; _ .

or, Harlequin Corsair and the Little Fairy at the Bottom of
He Sea. The burlesque opening by W. Brongh, Esq.,
ounde4 upon the ballet of Le Corsair, as produced at Her
Majesty s Theatre. The harlequinado upon things in gene-
ral. The new and magnificent scenery painted by Mr. F.
Fenton.
Conrad (He Corsair) Miss 17oolgar
Birbarto (his lieutenant) Mr. J. L. Toole
Modern Mrs. Charles Dillon
Clowns
Mr. H. Mali-rill
.The box-offee open daily, from 11. to 5, under the super-
ttendence of Mr. Chatterton, jun.
,Carriages conveying parties to the Private Boxes to set
down at the State entrance in Burleigh-street.

their attention called to these incidents betimes, are
driven to the necessity of interfering, in very
shame, with a view t) the prevention of an out-
rage not uncommon in the Italian provinces ap-
pertaining to the dominions of the Red Emperor—
the semi-legalised butchery of Lombards or Vene-
tians by the weapons of the professed duellists in
the German army of occupation. Forewarned in
the recent instance at Milan the Austrian Com-
mandant compels the officer in question, as in
duty bound, to retire for a while to some distance
from the capital of Lombardy. Shortly after-
wards a friend of this Knight-Errant of the Prima
Donna of the Opera House--this friend also, be
it observed, wearing the uniform of the soldiers
of FRANCIS JosErn—encounters by accident, in a
public cafe, the young Italian who had had the
presumption to hiss a favourite actress. There-
fore, with a sweep of his sword—like a Turk of
the middle ages rather than a civilised Christian
gentleman of the nineteenth century—this Ger-
man cut-throat severs the head of the young Ita-
lian, without any more ado, clean off his shoulders !
Intelligence of which unparalleled outrage spread-
ing rapidly, as it were, on the wings of the wind,
throughout Milan, creates—naturally enough—an
extraordinary ferment among all classes of the
population. Whereupon, dreading the conse-
quences, the whole Austrian army now quartered
Ia the capital of Lombardy is turned out and
marched to and fro about the streets—the shops
being closed—the citizens being compelled to keep
in doors—martial law being all but proclaimed.
Revolutions before now have sprung out of
crimes less in infamy than this atrocious and hor-
rible assassination. Quousque tandem, abutere—
How long, //ow long is Italy to display this craven
toleration of the heel of the German 02ESAR upon
her neck ? Has she one spark of heroic pride among
a'.l the millions of her prostrate people ? Is the
tocsin ever to sound for her liberation ? What
was it MIRABEAU exclaimed so grandly at the be-
ginning of the First French Revolution ?
" MARIUS flung dust to heaven, and out of that
dust sprung the Gracehii 1" So may it not be at
length with the ashes strewn upon her own head
in her profound abjection and despair by modern
Italy—ltaly, not less than Rome (as the central
point of Italy) as sung by BYRON, " The Niobe
of Nations !—The Mother of Dead Empires 1"
Speaking of her still living but degraded chil-
dren, particularly of the Lombard Serfs of
Austria, may wo not rather ask than declare,
with GRAY—" Even in their ashes live their
wonted fires ?" Have they the vaguest glimmer-
ing sense of their despicable condition ? Hardly
can we imagine this. Otherwise catching but the
merest glimpse of it—they would barely, for very
shame, but start up at once erect from the dust
in one grand and irresistible rising fur their
Fatherland, from the Abruzzi to the Carpathians.

THEATRE ROYAL, AD EL PHI.
Lessee—Mr. Ben. Webster.

THIS EVENING, will be performed OUR GAL. Caro-
Pm Morton, Mrs. Barney Williams.
Followed by DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
After which, a new and original comic drama, called
BARNEY THE BARON. Barney O'Toole, Mr. Barney

To conclude with
MOTHER SHIPTON ;

or, 'Harlequin Knight of Love, and the ,Enehanted Whistle.
Harlequin and Columbine ca la Watteau), Madame Celeste
anti Miss Wyndham ; Clown, Mr. Garden ; Pantaloon, Mr.
Moreland ; Seararnoueh, Mr. Lo Barr. Characters in the bur-
lesque Mr. Paul aulford, Mr. J. -Bland, Mr. R. Romer,
Madame Celeste, Miss Wyndham, Miss Mary Keeley, Miss
Kate Kelly, Miss Arden, &c.

'VD OYAL SURREY THEATRE,
Lessees, Messrs, Shepherd awl °Keswick.
THIS EVENING, VIRGINIUS. Virginias, Mr. Creswick.
, •
whicll, HARLEQUIN AND THE SUMMER
QUEEN. Harlequin, Mr F. Mover I Crown, Mr. Duck ;
Pantaloon, Mr. Erallmry; till Four Sprites, the Fillis Fa-
tally CAtnnbines. Mel:lames Mari.) and Agnes.

rfiIIEA.TRE ROYAL, SADLER'S-WELLS.
es Tinder the Management of Mr. Phelps.
THIS EVENING, will be performed THE SCHOOL
FOR SCANDAL. Characters by Messrs. Phelps, H. Mars-
ton, F. Robinson, Ray, Belford, Williams, Ball, C, Fenton,
and Harris; Mesdames Eburno, Marston, and Mrs. H. Mars-
ton.
To conclude with THE SENTINEL.

CTRL ND T FIE A.T R,E.—M•xnager, 111 c. T.
Pevtie.—ThN Evening will be Tier %or med
a powerful new drama, THE PRIDE OF rovErtry ; or,
The Real Poor of London.

Affe; LEND YOUR UMBRELLA.

To cmcluie with the immensely successful novel Burlesque
Pantomime of THE M C MTSTLETOE ; or, Harlequin
ilumbur; erd the Shams 0! London. The Fairy C
miss E. Wil tan ; Good Humour, Miss Norbury; Mercury,
Miss C'arrei on ; Humbug, Mr. Herbert ; Cant, Mr. Bolton ;
ilaron, M. J. B. Johnstone ; Sir Roland, Mr. Clarke ; Lord
Love/ , Miss Craven ; Addel-,.,:te, Miss Cuthbert ; Crambo,
Master W. E'.ouin ; Lady /Ines, Miss E. Jacobs ; Baroness,
IrTr. G. Lee; Fr.thiloTt. Mr. J. Howard. Novel Harle -
quisaao • Olowr, Miss CathbCrt ; Little Clown, Master W
Eamin Pantalorr. Mr. J. Clarke ; Harlequin, Miss Craven ;
Columbines. Miss E. "nobs and Mdle. Collison ; Premier
Dann:lse, Male. Marie Charles.
Commence at Seven. Stalls,' 3s. ; Boxes, N. ; Pit, ls. ;
Gallery, (Ll.
A morning performance of the Pantomime every Monday
at two o'clock

own fig urea.
But lie displays a similar want of candour in
these matters. Ho ignores the Post-office increase,
produced mainly by the abolition of the newspaper
stamp, and which accounts for the greater portion
of the loss ; and a'.so Cie war-luty on spirits,
which he proposes to maintain, and which, accord-
ing to his own estimate, "may be reckoned on
39 producing a permanent addition to the revenue
of about 1,500,0001. per annum ;" thus more
than counterbalancing the increased interest on
the debt, inasmuch as (to say nothing of the
41,0001. which lie erroneously takes on interest.)
that will gradually b 3 reduced by the proposed
extinction of the Exchequer Bonds ; the
1,000,0001. loan to Sardinia, which will bring
in another 40,0001. per annum ; and the interest
on the Sinking Fund of 250,0001. for the next
year, and 1,500,0001. for every subsequent year
until the recent war-loan be altogether extin-
guished. The 81,0001. per annum arising from
the error in simple addition, for which a
candidate for a petty clerkship, producing 801.
per annum, would be plucked by the Civil Service
Examiners, and the interest of the Sardinian loan
is an ample equivalent for the loss on Newspaper
Stamps, credit being allowed for the augmeadd
receipts of the Putt-office, which he estimates to
produce 3,000,0001. next year, but wh.ch only
returned 2,767,201/. fur the year ending on the
31st March last. It is therefore manifest that
the entire proceeds of the additional taxation can
only be required to pay off the debt, and against
that considering that the people have suffered so se-
verely during the war, and that the whole of the
war debt will be liquidated by the Sinking Fund in
sixteen years. We earues ly and emphatically
protest, and call upon the independent. or quasi
independent Members to resht this disreputable
dodge on the part of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer.

'VT) OYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE
pv L"sseo, Mr. Alfred Wigan.

THIS EVENING, a new farce. by Eayle Bernard,
eAlle,l A SPLENDID INVESTMENT.
After which, CRINOLINE.

Anew Fairy ExtravazanzA, by J. R. Manche, Llg., called
yOuN, AND HANDSOME. Messrs. F. Robson, Rogers,
Leslie, G, Cooke, Danvers. Misses Swaaboronqii,
St. Cilf,S• Castleton, F.,romley, Masi:ell, 2,a Mrs. Melfort.

Sir W. CLAY has returned again to the Church-
rate conflict. He got his bill read a first time
on Thursday without opposition ; the debate is,
of course, to be taken on the Second reading—a
debate which ought to be the last ever Ifeld on
that subject. If Dissenters only used half their
power, or put forth half their strength, it is quite
certain that they might compel the Government
to move, and the House of Commons to do its
part. We believe they could even vanquish the
House of Lords. At their door we lay it, that
with no one of nob to conquer in the
House of Commons but Lord JonN RUSSELL,
the Church-rats contest is prolonged Session after
Session. We are sick of it, and if those whom it
chiefly concerns will not beAir themselves as they
ought what are they to expect of us ? We pro-
bably should have more to pay after the abolition
of Church Rates than we now have, but we have
taken the straightforward course, with all truly
liberal Churchmen, of joining in the condemna-
tion of the gross injustice of Church Rates.
There are thousands and tens of thousands of
Churchmen all the kingdom over who feel as we
do. They would scorn to advocate a palpable
wrong to half the worshippsrs of the country, for
the benefit of their own pockets, or oven for that
of their own religious denomination. But they do
ask Dissenters t) come forward, now, in a way
which shall make this effort a final one.

His views as to direct taxation are equally sin-
gular. In comparing the amount raised by di-
rect and iedirect imposts he classes amongst the
former, not only the Income-tax, Land-tax, and
Legacy and Succession Duties, but also the whole
revenue on Stamps, the assessed texes, and the
gross returns of the Post-Office. Can anything
he more unfair or more uncandid than this ?
Call he, with truth, allege that Admiralty stamps,
bills of Exchange, cards and dice, Chancery fund,
civil bankers' rotes, and composition therefor,
plate, marine and fire insurance licences, and cer-
tificates, law forms, medicines or receipts and
drafts, fall on accumulated property ? Most of
them pre charges on trade and commerce, and
defrayed by the consumers of the commodities
dealt in. The Irish insurance is chiefly paid by
the occupiers, not the landlords, of houses—and
of the assessed taxes, the same may be
said of the House-duty, and all the
others on • servants, horses, horse-dealers,
hair-powder, game-duty, dogs, carriages, and
composition duty, and armorial bearings, although
nominally direct taxes do not necessarily fall on
the owners of accumehted property. They are
entirely optional, and even a miilionnaire need not
pay a Single shilling on account thereof if he does
net choose t) do so. Bat the Post-office is the
meat absurd of all. Sir G. C. LEWIS is fully
aware that the Post-office swallows up in its ae%
ministration very nearly the whole of its revenues,
and properly so. Pull and valuable consideration
ig given for the payments made, whieli fall on the
general population of the country, and not em the
owners of property. There is scarcely a faTril y,
however, bumble, that does not contributor it;
quota to the charge.
We have something yet to say respecting the
-volunteer views which the Right Hon. Gentl,l-

As to their quondam friend, Lord JOHN RUS-
SELL, be has looked back on this question, and
become a pillar of ELDON bigotry. It is hopeless
for them to wait for a man whose decrepitude in
Religious Liberty trembles for the House of
Lords, the throne, and the altar, whenevez
Church-rate abolition is talked of. Dis-
senters must be content to write off Lord
JOHN'S help as a bad debt. They will never re-
ceive it. Ever since he lampooned their clergy
as stageplayer, and gave up the appropriation
clause, he has cut his old supporters. It is of no
use for them to vote for him as a practical friend
of religious liberty. He will talk big out of
office, and deliver grand preambles in office, but
the practical issue of any official speech will
always Le the minimum of reform that will pass
muster for one who eats the political bread of
Liberalism. That is ourineasure of Lord JOHN
for the remainder of his career. Dissenters must
carry all they want for the future in spite of him;

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY E ‘i 1N G, FEBRUARY 16, 1857

wo fear the same will be found t.) be the case

with every serious measure of political re-
foim. We write thus, relactantly. We have

fought by the side of Lord JOHN' in many a battle,
but, if he will see fit to consult the " dignity" or
amour propre of the aristocracy and their Church,

much as he did that of Russia ; if he will halt in
his march when he might lead on to a conclusive

of all the houses. One of the union medical officers

states that his weekly reports, which used to occupy
four sheets, now occupy only one sheet and. a

half. Of these very satisfactory reports we quote,
as a particular example, ti)e following from the
local Board of Macclesfield :
" In four years 43 streets and 245 courts have been
sewered, paved, and flagged, every privy and ash-Fit be-
longing ato them numbering 290, have b: in drained, re-
paired, or rebuilt, and new ones have been erected where
none existed before. 1,469 houses have been drained. In
the execution of these works the board have expended.
15,416/ , and when it is stated that, in the same period,
nearly 36,090/. has been the entire expenditure, and that
the efforts of the board, and the means at their command
have uniformly been first directed whore they could be
best applied for the removal of the most pernicious evils,
and principally amongst that class of persons whose con-
dition, habits of life, and tone of morals, were the most
miserably wretched, the council cannot fa:l to contemplate
the great sanitary change that has b_ tun accomplished, and
the vast amount of sickness, suffering, and human degrada-
tion, that has thus been prevented.
" To make these observations the more obvious, and in
accordance with former practice, the board must refer to
their Table of Mortality, and cans( a and ages of death,
brought down to the present period. These tables show
the rate of mortality before the operations of the board to
have been 33 deaths in a thousand, whilst the average of
the last thrco years has been reduced to 26 in a thousand.
So with the average age of death of all persons, which
was formerly 24 years, is now 29 years. And a freedom
from the former excess of preventable deaths is shown in
the registered "causes of death," and singularly confirmed
by the nearly uniform numbers dying in the last thrce

victory, it is his fault, not ours, that we are not
still fighting with him. ,

Let Dissenters bethink themselves of their
even without much stir of
forces. They have,

late, had majorities, and respectable ones, and
against the Government too, in the House of
Commons. The heir to the house of Derby is on
their side. They have many representat'ves
in the house, and some of them men of

mark ; and they have in their favour, as

Lord STANLEY observed, both in the House an(

out of it, a growing sense of the necessity of reli-
gious equality. The House of Commons wants
but a few vigorous turns of the popular screw, to
be induced to bury Church Rates in the grave
where lie Test and Corporation Acts, the old

Marriage Laws, and a host of other laws of far

more terrific ecclesiastical character.

Then, the

people. Why, more than half the worshippers
were proved by the Census to be Dissenters ; '.o
these must be added the vast numbers of liberal

years,
Namely in 1851 ....,.... .............. . 775
1855
1856
In all these previous years there appears to have been no
such uniformity, because, no doubt, those influences were
in existence which rendered life more precarious, conta-
gion more certain, and epidemics more frequent and
malignant.
" Throughout England the mortality of children under
five years of age is 39 per cent. of all the deaths; in
Macclesfield it is 40 per cent., and the reductions have
succe,sively been from 11 to 14 per cent.
" To sum up the benefits therefore it will appear that
812 lives have been saved, the proportionate number of
cases of sickness to each death have been prevented, and
the consequent expense avoided, the moan duration of life
has been lengthened five years, and infantile mortality,
one of the certain tests of the absence or otherwise of sani-
tary improvement, has been reduced 13 per cent.
" These results are the daily observation of the medical
man, the clergy and minister of religion, and other dis-
pensers of charity and relief, but it is only through the
medium of this report that their extent and value can be
made palpably evident to the public, so as to commas'.
that attention and general co-operation which would not
only treble these physical benefits, but would also
strengthen the defences against vice, intemperance, and
crime. And that eanitary measures aro a defence against
the latter, is clearly shown in a former report which exhi-
bits a decrease in magisterial convictions of 50 per cent. in
streets, popular in the police records, after the usual con-
structive improvements have been perfected and cleanli-
ness secured. In the old haunts of fever, Wood-street,
George-street, and Nixon's Yard, not a single fatal case
has occurred."
Here surely is an example for the Metropolis. We
have been at the pains to look into the matter, and
we .find that, out of upward of three hundred thou-
sand houses, it does not appear that the cesspools
have been abolished in more than thirty thousand,
and self-cleansing tubular house drains—the only
drains that are not themselves extended cesspools
and a nuisance—substituted. More may have been
done privately than appears in the returns, but
from accounts of house to house inquiries, of houses
infected with cesspools and smells, even in districts
of a batter condition, that, at the least, two-thirds
have cesspools to be filled up, and cesspool drains
to be removed. The expense of doing the requisite
worn appe rs to be, if done by common contract,
and. under improvement rates, to be under five
pounds per house, that is to say, for filling up a
cesspool, substituting a self-cleansing water-c105,,.t
apparatus, and self-cleansing house drain, a sink
and proper dustbin. There is earthwork for all,
there will be work for the carpenter, and for the
bricklayer. In unpaved districts, moreover, there
will be work for the unemployed mason. By the
79th section of the Metropolitan Board of Works
act, the local boards and vestries have power
to do these works for the owners ; that is to say, to
borrow the money and pay for the work as an im-
provement rate. The contract price of cleansing
cesspools is stated in the blue-books to be 1/. per
annum. The new works have been executed, with
the supply of water for the water-closet, greatly in
reduction of that existing charge. The expense of
merely rude labour is stated to be at the
rate of at least ono pound each house.
Here then, for the drainage of 200,000 houses,
there is a beneficial labour fund of upwards of
200,0001., to meet the immediate need of the un-
employed. The winter is a good time for
performance of such labour. But now, by the use
of proved and cheap disinfectants, foul emanations
are arrested, and the labour is rendered perfectly
innoxious and inoffensive to the inhabitants, as well
as to the workmen, in any weather, so that all ob-
jections on that score are now rendered illusory.
Here, then, strictly within the line of duty of
the local Boards, is a sufficient source of productive
employment for the time. Mr. Simon, Dr. Chal-
lice, and other officers of health, may point out
more. We will undertake ti point out more. The
surveyors of the local Boards of Health will pre-
pare the work pointed out by the health officers.
There are great numbers of unemployed operatives,
and advisedly and confidently we declare that it
will be found that there is abundant public work of
the highest public utility for them to do, if the local
boards, in any proper degree, do their duty.
Those who are convers ant with the subject are
aware that the measure of the extent of mortality,
which is early proveutible—and in the examples
cited, proved to be so—is the greater proportion of
the diseases called "zymotic," or fermenting, and
these are in the metropolis between two And three
hundred weekly. We are all interested in the purity
of the air we breathe, and with those who cannot
escape from cesspool-tainted houses and streets,
the necessity of aci ion is far more urgent than they
are even yet aware of. This or teat occupier may,
in his ignorance of the means of relief, be content
to suffer the infliction, and the owner may visit it
upon the poor inmates of his polluted premises,
but ho has no right to taint the public air, and
the Boards of Health are bound by law to act for
the public protection, and should be made directly,
and even personally, responsible for continued in-
action.

Churchmen who detest pui.ting their hands
into their dissenting neighbours' pockets, to
pay for their own worship. Why, if these
mighty elements were stirred as they might bo
there would be ouch a commotion, such a flight of
petitions, such a succession of public meetings',
that Lord PALIIERSTON is not the man to brave
it all ; nor is his five-year-old Parliament the as-
sembly to forget that the votes of Church-rate
payers would soon have their Table.
The Disse:fters have just had before them
the very illustration which ought to arouse them.
They have seen how a Cabinet, who most cer-
tainly did mean (we call the Times to witness) to
have their pound of flesh out of the War Income
Tax, and to spend sixteen millions of the nation's
money, have struck their flag to the people.
Struck on a money questior, a question involving
nine millions of Government patronage ! Go-
vernment, ltt Dissenters be assured, is squeezable
enough, especially when it is in the vice of a fifth
Session, with a sixth at best, but more pre-
bably not another, to follow. Then there is the
similarity in one respect of the taxes. Church
Rates belon g to the hateful class of direct taxes ;
of hard cash payments ; of payments which by no
economy can you escape ; and which, despite all
theories, people do and will detest. We verily
believe the Churchman himself, "in the good
time coming," will give his larger voluntary con-
tribution with much more pleasure than he now
pays the compulsory Chui:ch Rate. Now, therefore,
is the very time for dissenters to ask their Church
neighbours to help them to get rid of this unjust
tax—this direct tax—this irreligious tax—this
PARISH WAR-TAX. We believe Dissenters, if they
girded themselves to the conflict like men, and
determined to relieve us of this House of Commons
nuisance, and this parish vestry nuisance,
would be astonished with the support they
would gain by showing themselves determined to
win. What tires the patience of the country is
the annual skirmish without result. All would
join if the- announcement of Dissenters was—we
will submit no longer.
We leave details till the second read-
ing is announced. What we desire is to
rouse Liberals, dissenting Liberals, especially,
to their duty. On this question the Jupiter of
the Press nods to them his approbation ; we do
not lay too much stress on that, knowing that the
times may change—the wind at least does so—
but because on the question of tho war ninepence,
we who ventured from the beginning to de-
nounce it, have succeeded proprio marte,
or, rather, we should say, temporibus
repugnantibus. We give, the refore, to Dissenters
the advice which we gave on the War Income
Tax-advice with which public opinion turned
out t) be coincident—t he old, but, while we have
a House of Commons, the not antiquated advice
—AGITATE ! AGITATE ! ! AGITATE !! I If Dis-
senters will but do their part, we promise them
the best services we can offer. We are confident
every Liberal journal would do the same ; and
the parish pest of Church Rates would be got rid,
of for ever.

The demand of the unemployed operatives con-
nected with the building trades, that public work,
real work, not charitable relief, should be provided
for them ii met with a deaf ear, on the assumption
that the work must needs b 3 such as is not &ready
in demand, and consequently not needed, and the
idea raised is of some public work which is merely
ornamental. Even if it were CO, it would be better
than enforced relief, without any return of work
whatsoever.

But we earnestly call the attention of those most
directly concerned in the question of the relief of
the unemployed to the fact, that there is in the
metropolis the need of a large amount of quasi
public work, within the recognised control of the
10011 authorities, and wit'lin their direct duties to
enforce, which may be undertaken, with vast pri-
vate, as well as public benefit, namely, works of
sanitary improvement.
Of between two or three hundred deaths of the
zymotic or fermenting class, such as typhus; diar-
rheea, which are weekly recorded in the metropolis,
it is often instanced—and of the greater proportion
well known, that they occur in the vicinity of those
poison pits the common cesspools, or those extended
o f cesspools
deposit,
whicho ld
givehouse
ff
theirdra M
noxious
or the old
emanations
iota houses and streets. The justice of the term
" poison pits," and the effects of their presence, is
prove I by the state of things which has in a little
time followed their removal. Ti e model dwellings,
constructed by various voluntary associations, are
chiefly distinguished from other dwellings, by being
freed from these cesspool's or house drains of
foul deposit, and in having well constructed
water-closets, and, above all, self-cleansing
tubular drains, properly constructed, so as
' to remove all excrete from beneath the site
of the dwellings before decomposition can com-
mence. The houses where these works, with
suitable sinks, have been constructed, are distin-
guished by an almost entire immunity from dis-
eases of the class specified. But these beneficial
results are not confined to the new model dwel-
lings ;
they have been obtained in all houses oc-
cupied by the labouring classes where there has
been no change in the class of occupiers, and no
change in their habits other than those changes
wbich may have been induced by the particular
improvements. Even common beggars' lodging-
houses, the chosen seats of typhus and small-pox,
have, by the new works, gained immunity from
them. Our contemporary, the Times, congratu-
lated the metropolis on a reduction of the general
rate of mortality from twenty-five to twenty-two
in a thousand per annum. But in some old
dwellings, as well as the model dwellings, the re-
duction is proved by several years' experience in
separate blocks of buildings to be thirteen in a
thousand. The reports which sometimes appear in
the provincial journals from local Boards of
Health, in relation to the operation, are beginning
to be very satisfactory. Thus, it is reported at
Southampton, where little more than one-half the
houses are drained, and those by no means the
worst half, that the ner works have been attended
with a marked reductioa of sickness, and freedom
from diseases which continue to ravage adjacent
undrained rural villages and suburban dis riots.
Mr. Cooper, the officer of health of that pore, re-
ports the saving of life there is at the rate of one
hundred and fifty-six a year in a population of
40,000. The cases of sickness prevented are at
least twenty times more numerous than deaths. At
Ottery St. Mary,,lNvon, a fever of regular ocour-
rence, known as the Ottery fever," ha disappeaved
upon the removal of the cesspools and the drainage

LATE s r
I_N ,f

It is believed at Berne that Feanca will r,ot
convene the conferences on the Neuchatel ques-
tion until:Rtussia has agreed to renounce a►i pre-
tensions hitherto insisted upon by the King.

The Hydaspes, which arrived at Marseilles on
Saturday, brought news from Const tntinople to
the sth February.
The Sultan and the Ottoman Ministers have
subscribed for shares in the Smyrna railway, the
concession of which has been recently granted.

The rebuilding of Canea, the capital of Candia,
destroyed by the late earthquake, and the repairs
of Sinope of the damage created by the bombard-
ment, are receiving the attention of the Govein-
ment.

An immense number of pilgrims are en route

For Jerusalem.

A proposal has been made for the construction
of a railway from the Illyrian provinces to Adrian-

The Presse d' Orient says that the Messageries
Imperiales are in arrangement with Russian packets
to effect alternat3 departures from Marseilles.
The boats are to effect the transit from Constan-
tinople to Marseilles in six days.
News from Naples announces that Count Aquila
is organising a steam company for freights to the
East.

It is asserted in Berlin that Pi assir, in the
coming Conferences on the Neuchatel question,
will take the initiative, by submitting her propo-
sitions for an arrangement.
M. Lindenberg, the editor of the Gazette Pa-
triotilue of Minden (whose severe sentence we lac-
ticed in our impression of Feb. 9th), has been
pardoned on the intercession of the Prinw of
Prussia.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SUNDAY.

The Moniteur contains the following :—" The
decree of Feb. 17, 1852, whicli, ordains that two
judicial condemnations against a periodical news-
paper shall entail its suppression, adds that the
offences or contraventions of law must hare been
committed within the space of two years. Some
journals have just rained the question of whether
the latter regulation might not be made applicable
by analogy to the two official warnings, in virtue of
which suspension for two months at most may be
pronounced by a ministerial decree. This analogous
interpretation is not warranted by the law, and
cannot be admitted in principle. Differing from
suppression, an extreme measure, which a second
condemnation within the period of time indicated
legitimat dy entails, the temporary suspension is
only facultative. Even after two warnings, if the
facts do not require a more severe decision, a fresh
warning may still be given, and the Government
which uses with great moderation the powers con-
ferred on it with respect to the press, in the interest
of order and public tranquillity, always takes into
its most serious consideration the date as well as the
gravity of the facts which occasioned the previous
warnings."
BOURSE, Feb. 14.—The following were the las
quotations :

End or Month.
—c.

Cash. fr. c
4i per Cents
3 per Cents 6B 50
New Loan
Bank Shares 4,175 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,355 Austrian
Belgian Fives .. Spanish Threes
Pied woutese (5) 93 50 Home Debt

68 55

RAILWAYS-FOR CASH.

fr. c. tr c
Orleans 1,375 -- Western
Northern 920 Strasburg
Lyons 1,375 New Ditto
Mediterranean 1,770 Grand Central
Lyons Geneva

Cette

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, Feb. 13.—The following reason is here
given for the prolonged stay of the Emperor and
his Official advisers at Milan. Some time since it
was arranged that the Archduke Ferdinand Max
should take the oaths as Governor-General of the
Lonaba,rdo-Venetian Kingdom on or about the
12th inst. ; but his Imperi it Ilighne,s has recently
expressed. Lis disinclination to accept s) impor-
tant an office -without previously ascertaining
the exact extent of the powers with which
his Majesty the Emperor proposes to invest him.
The Archduke Ferdinand. Maximilian is aware
that the rigid system of centralisaton which has
been introduced by the Minister of the Inter'or
is one of the principal cans cs of the discontent
of the Italian subjects of his Imperial broth, r.
At present the inhabitants of the Lombardo-
Venetian kingdom are in an excellent lumour,
because they can apply directly to their Sove-
reign f.r the radress of their grievances ; but
they will probably speedily relapse into their former
sullen d'saffection it' they are again made so en-
tirely dependent on the Central Government. It
is whispered that the youthful Archduke has ex-
pressed his conviction that he will. not Le able to
discharge the important duties of Governor-General
of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom to the satis-
faction either of his Majesty or of his subject, un-
less some important changes are made in the sys-
tem of government.