The Sun.
London, England, 1857-03-26 00:00:00

COUNT RAYNEVAUS DESPATCH 2'o
COUNT WALE TYSKT.

,jr-

(From the Daily News.)

The cloub!e-dealing Cabinet of the Tails.rieß, and
:-...
it 3 obsequious organs ill the pr ss, are in a sad
pucker since we published Count Ilayneval's de-
spatch to Count Walew6ki. The authenticity of
the document they cannot deny; b at ir, was rather
disarrreeable.to have such a proof of their duplicity
dragged to light. They are trying to put tie bes
face they can on the matter. Though tie numb-r
of the Dairy IN ews in which it appeared was seized,
the Governrnerd journals in Paris have since re-
printed she translation of our translation, which
appeared in the Inclependance Beige. The .Pays
simply remarks, with a grimace and an affectation
of indifference, that it contains a st,iking picture
of the government of Pius IX. The Constilu-
tionnel has evinced less s:-?lf-possession. In the
early edition of that journal, which is thrown off
for circulation in the provinces, we read, "We
cannot warrant its precise accuracy as to the text,"
and " we publish it on account of the immense in-

terest of its contents in substance, the importance
orthe facts cited, and the opinions which it offers."
But in the later edition of the Constitutionnel,
thrown- off for circulation in Paris, the following
communique is substituted f,,r the remarks we have
just quoted :—" A foreign journal has pliblished a
despatch ascribed to the Ambassador of France at
Rome. Without seeking the means by which. it
obtained this document, we think we can affirm
that the language and the sense -of it have been
greatly altered." The imputation conveyed in the
last sentence is gratuitously false. The Govern-
ment of the coup d'etat mav'tamper with documen►s
—may lend a helping hand to Russia by producing
an inaccurate map of ,a district through which a
frontier line has to he traced—but we, have too
much self-respect to have recourse to such practices.
Our translation of Count Rayneva,l's despatch is as

close as the different genius of the French and
English languages allows. It was impossible that
the Independance Belge, in re-translating from our
version, could hit upon the exact phrases employed
in the original. The slight discrepancy thus occa-
sioned has suggested to the embarrassed diplomatists
of the Tuileries the bright idea of insinuating that
the language and sense of the despatch have been
altered. To put an end to their cavils, we this day
publish the original French text. They have ac-
knowledged that our translation contains the sub-
stance of the despatch—we now give them every
word and letter as it originally stood.
They will owe us little thanks for this service,
and still less for the comments and exposures of the
sophistry and falsehood of the despatch, from the
pens of distinguished Italian publicists, which we
append to it in the form of foot-notes. Tee despatch
brands the French Government with drip!icity in
its conduct as regards the whole of Italy, and with
shameless treachery in its conduct as regards Sar-
dinia in particular.. At the Conferences in Paris,
in the month of April, 1856, the French Minister
for Foreign Affairs pledged his Government to use
its gcod offices with the Italian Governments, in
order to obtain administrative reforms, as a pre-
lude to the withdrawal of all foreign troops from
Italy. It is now apparent that in the month of
May the French Government was moving heaven
and earth to find an excuse for wriggling oua of
this pledge. The despatch of Count Rayneval is
composed of two ingredients—abstract reasoning
and statements of alleged facts. The abstract rea-
soning had palpably been dictated to hint before ho
left Paris. No one can for a monaent doubt the
source whence proceeds these ideas Nanof,eoniennes.
The attacks upoit constitutional government, the
advocacy of an "intelligent and paternal despo-
tism," the sophistical distinctions between races
capable and races incapable of self-government,
father themselves. They are the same cant which
we have heard repeated by the propagandists of
governments on the Dery Paris model in France,
in Spain, and in Belgium. The alleged facts
are taken implicitly from the reports of Cardinal
, Antonelli, fragmentary notices of which we were
enabled to publish about the time that thisprecious
despatch was being concocted. The despatch, in
short, bears every mark of being written to order.
Count Rayneval was supplied with a stock of ab-
stract arguments before 1:e left Paris ; upon these
he was instructed to engraft any statements that
Cardinal Antonelli should make to him. A docu-
ment was thus to bo prepared which might servo
Count Walewski and his Imperial Master as on
apology for breaking the promise to Italy solemnly
given at the Conferences in Paris. The fruits of
this double-dealing are now apparent. A year has
elapsed since the French and English Gocerninents
pledged Themselves under the eyes of Europe to
use their good oares with the Papal and other
Italian sovereigm to obtain for the Italians more
just and lenient Governinent, and the removal cf
foreign mercenaries from- the Italian sail. From
that day to this nothing has been done to fulfil the
promise ; and it is now evident that the French.
Cabinet has had recourse to a most disreputable
subterfuge to escape from iis
Does net this at once suggest to every true Eng-
lishman the neeessity of exacting from the Prouder
. who boasts so loudly of his zeal for the honour and
glory of England, and from .ail his colleaaues who
have to address constituenci?s at the present elec-
tion, some explanation of their connection with
these disreputable proceedings ? They cannot deny
that at the solicitation of France they have con-
aented to abstain from all action on the radian ques-
tion for a whole year, at a time when prompt action
was most requisite. The elsaior, of England ought
to insist upon knowing whether this their on:rig-thy
compliance with the Government of th:T- coup
has been simply the consequence of apathy and infir-
mity of purpose, r r of guilty complici, y. Were Lord
241rneriton and his colleagues aware of the disr,-
pntab'e intrigue between the French ancl Roman
Cal inets to concoct a oa the Sardinian, and a
gL,riticat'on of the Papal Government, asap excuse .
for breaking faith with IttlY and Sardinia ?
avowed inclitirvion of the English Cal.inet to enter
into a closer and more cordial alliance with A. 113-
tr 21, at the very time that Austria is addressing
threa'ening notes to the Government at Turin, and
withdrawing her Minister from that Court, is an
ugly symptom' The weakness or the disicyalty—
it matiers not which—of the English Celetiet.has
alloWed the danger of revolutionary ee
hich hung over It at this time lee, to '
rauitiply tenfold. And now the language of the
English Cabinet and of it; organs in the press be-
trays a desire to find fault with Sardinia, and to
invent excuses for Austria, at the moment when
its ownnete,lect has added immeasurably to ?hp dif-
ficulties of the position of Sardinia. Be it weak-
ness or be it perfidy in the English Ministers, their
conduct, towards It reflects disgrace on the Eug-
lish nation. It endangers the tranquillity of
Europe. And yet 'these are the men who appeal I
to the country for support on their foreign policy, I
and on their foreign policy exclusively.'

THE CITIES OF CHINA-PEKIN:

About 26 miles soutl® the great wall, in the
north ei n part of the province of Pe tch-li, lies Pekin,
the Tartar capital of China. A high wall divides
the2city into two part,, the City of the Court and
the Chinese Cty ; the latter in the form of a para'-
lelogram, the former in that of a square. Doti' are
inclosed with walls, and cover an area of 17 miles
in circuit. The walls of the Court City are 40 feet
in height and 20 in thickness, farming a rampart
for horsemen to tide upon, for which purpose time
is at intervals a gentle slope by which cavalry cm
ascend. Above the walls of the Mantchoo town
rise towers, nine storeys high. At every interval of
forty yards are small square towers, and larger
ones at the angles, flankingr the walls. Pekin, by
the Chinese, is called Chun-thian-fou, which, being
mtorproted, means " City of the fiat order, obe-
difrnt to Heaven."
Though the two towns cover so largo an area, it
must beberemembered that this is not taken up by
buildings and streets as we find them in Europe.
If it were, the population would be something
enormous. Brit a great portion of this space is
taken up by fields, cemeteries, and gardens. The
streets, again, are very broad, and the house ge-
nerally only one
storey hio,h The population has
been estimated by different authorities at three
millions, two
i millions, and one million. Some have
even placed tas low as six or seven hundred thou-
sand. The streets are ,r
spaci,,,
and hid out
for the most part
straight lines, unpaved, but
clean. The houses ara low, built of brick, and iiled.
the shops handsome, and the goods costly and '
vari-
ous. In the Court City, one-half the area is o„u_
pied, by palaces, public edifices, powder 111agazine,,
temples, and lakes, and by
tue Imperial
Palace' '
which is composed of a multitude of h •
courts, and gardens. It is rather a town than
palace, and contains residences for every inonethe
Emperor's service, from the highest officers of
St ate
down to the poorest mechanic. It is a league in
circumference ; and its gardens form a vast park,
which exceeds in beauty and richness the most gor.
gebus descriptions of Eastern romance.
In addition to the Tartar and Chinese towns,
the latter of which is said to be but half inhabited,
Pekin has twelve large suburbs, which of themselves
form a considerable city ; and the whose stands in
the midst of a sandy, arid plain, destitute of all
vegetation. The heat is oppressive in summer, and
the water is frozen from the middle of December
till March. An army of 80,000 men is maintained
within the walls ; and there IS alto a body of police
whose principal duty is t-) prevent famine.

The works of the East Kent Railway Company are
in an advanced state, and the line about to be opened to
Faversham in September next.