The Sun.
London, England, 1857-10-17 00:00:00

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you frna4ine that fitelfreat militarY .
in India, we shoal not he' threatened with it in
Powers of Europe, al ways pre pa redfOr
England ? Do
ofrepded
by our pride, reFentful of our former victories and:
coveting our present wealth, would long permit us
to enjoy in peace the luxuries we cling to and the
dreams of irresistible strength in which we fatuously
indulge? Be assured that if, under the strongest
necessity ever imposed upon a people, we do not
rise as one man to vindicate our national honour
and to re-establish our Indian empire, the horrors
we read of with shuddering as perpetrated at.Mee-
rut and at Delhi, will not for ever be averted from
our island home.
"I counsel you, therefore, to give at once your
cordial assistance, as you best can give it, to the
country. In the prosecution of this contest which
we cannot avoid--the greatest and the most Coffi-
cult in which we have ever born engaged—it will
not do to confine otu selves to a cold compliance with
what may b., r, (vire(' fron tut by the law. To sue-
cee.l in this war, tli,) peopL) must make it its own.
I remain, g,Attl,qtten, with much regard, your -
very ftithful servant,

[PRIOR 4D. STAMPED 5D.]

• period, after deducting the loss from cholera in 1849
and 1854, per 1,000, 11.5 ; do. in the waterside de-
partment from all causes ;during same period, 11.9.
Dr. Isl‘William Cofitludes his paper by alluding to
some beneficial changes that had been effected in the
service. In 1851, in said, a most important modi-
ficition of the sj stens Uf paying,fficers was adopted
in the wste•guar I. Lefore that time it was the
custom to remunerate the subordinate officers by a
corn' illation c f ral try and day pay, the la' t tr, which
formed the largest portiop of their income, being
tipped when sickness or; other cause required ab-
sence from duty. Ou the recommendation of the
Board of Cu-tows the Lords of the Treasury F auc-
tioned the augmentation of the certain part of the
income—the salary—and a proportionate reduction
of the day pay. An officer when sick or on
leave now loses only a 'small part of his income,
and thus is enabled to meet the extra expenses in-
clined during sickness, and to enjoy his holiday
iu contentment. In 1855 the same indulgence
was extended to the day-pay officers-of the waterside
department, and indeed to all day-pay officers in
London and in the outports, and with the most
salutary effect. Ideammon with other departments
of the civil service, the Customs has of late received
two great concessions from the Government. The
first opens up to subordinate officers a new and ho-
nourable field of ambitijii, by adrnitting them to
competition for several superior offices, from which
they were formerly shut out. This, as was to be
expected, has excited a wholesome spirit of emula-
tion and of pride in the service, which cannot fail
to be attended with the most beneficial results ; and
the other, the abolition of the superannuation tax
(a measure which benefitiall classes who have en-
tered the service since 1829) whatever diversity of
opinion there may have been as to its propriety,
has to my knowledge, already borne good fruit in
having enabled many subordinate officers to insure
their lives who could not''otherwiso have done so ;
anti in other respects stimulating and encouraging
provident habits among' the classes whom it re-
lieved.

THE EARL OF ELLENBOROUW ON THE

INDIAN CRISLY.,:

" ELLENBORO UGH."

SSI A AND Cli INA.

I The intensity of the interest with which we are
naturally enough watching the events in India
ought not to lead us to overlook what Rusia is
doing, particularly in connexion with our own
Oriental complications. A recent article of the
Northern Bee gives one an insight into the inten-
tions of the Russian empire with relerenc3 to its
Celestial neighbour. The Northern Bee says :
" The suspension of offensive operations on the part of
the Eoglish against China and the concentration of all
their efforts on the pacific settlement of the conflict that
has broken out have very materially increased the arro-
gance of the Chinese. To j udge by appearances the latter are
quite ready just now to declare war against all Europe
without making any distinction between old friends and
new enemies. The procrastinating course of the English
has imparted quite a new turn to the line of thought of
the Pekin Government, which even before this enter-
tamped an extraordinarily high opinion of the strength of
the Chinese State and of its importance to the rest of the
world. The Governor of Canton has hitherto found it
very easy to cmivince his Government of the efficiency
of his measures against the English, the more so as the
latter have, for want of mean., not had it in their power
to inflict a decisive blow on China. The bombardment
of Canton was more injurious to the Europeans trading
there than it was to the prestige of the Pekin Go.
vernment in the eyes of the majority of its subjects ;
the trade that is still being carried on uninter-
ruptedly at Shanghai, Whampoa, and other places on
the coast convinces them of this. It shows how
indispensable we are to the Europeans,' say the Chinese
when they leave no stone unturned to maintain their
trade and their relations with us.' In the interest of
all Europe, for the vindication of the superiority of
our civilisation as compared with the Chinese, it is indis-
pensably necessary to make good this failure of the
English to the best of our power, and by energetic
measures convince the Chinese, once for all, of the supe-
riority of Europe over their country. To this end
the opening of direct negotiations with the Pekin Go-
vernment, as well as of a moire of action towards it
without the intermediation of the provincial governor,
is urgently necessary."

The Earl of Ellenborough has addressed the fol-
lowing letter to the members of the Winchcomb
Agricultural Association :
• Southam Delabere, Oct. 16, 1857.
" Gentlemen,—l much regret my not being able
to a'tend your annual• meeting to-day, the more
especially as I was desirous of speaking to you upon
the subj.3ct nearest my heart—the war in India—
and of urging you to assist, as you and all country
gentlemen and farmers can, most powerfully, in
bringing the country through the difficulties in
which it is involved.
"Not having the opportunity of addressing you
otherwise, I now write to you.
"As to the war itself I need say but little. As
to the conduct of the Ministers and of the India
Government in this emergency, 1 shall say nothing.
I must soon have ample and more proper opportu-
nities of saying whatever I may think upon that
subject.

The practical corollary to this reasoning is to be
found in the announcement of the Nord that Ad-
miral Putiatin has received orders to repair to
Shanghai with the ..kinoor fleet, which, after its
arrival there is to be reinforced by five light vessels
of war. The Admiral had at an earlier period been
intrusted with an extraordinary mission to Pekin,
but the Chinese Government had refused to receive
him. The road thither is therefore now to b.
opened up by other means.
The loss of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea is
being rapidly made up to Russia by the creation of
a fleet in the Pacific Ocean ; Sebastopol is being
compensated for by Okhotsk, Nicolaieff is finding
a parallel in the arsenals erecting up the mouth of
the Amoor, and very probably we shall soon hear of
a new harbour being constructed on the island of
Sughalien, if we may.) udge from the reports that are
being sent in from time to time to the Petersburg
Academy by Leopold Schreuk, who is now examin-
ing into the resources of that island by command of
the Russian Government. Instead of the one
"sick man," Turkey, Russia has now got two
patients to look after—China and Japan.
The tendency and colouring of the news which
the French journal S also publish in connexion with
China indicate an inclination on the part of France
to join with Russia and England in common mea-
sures against the Government of the Celestial Em-
pire, which seems to be indulging just now in most
overweening arrogance towards we terrestrials in
the West. The Portuguese lordna imanna, as ws
learn from the Pays, has lately brought over a
copy of the last proclamation of the Viceroy of
Canton. In full knowledge of what has drawn off
our attention from him towards lulls, our old
friend Yeh informs the population far and near that
the " barbarians," terrified at his military prepara-
tions and at the mere sight of his army, as numer-
ous as the leaves of the trees that flourish iu the
forests of the Empire, have been compelled tc
embark, and return to the place whence they came
He adds tbat a new Chinese fleet will soon put out
to sea and sweep it of the hostile barks. The pro-
clamation closes with very coarse invectives against
all foreigners without distinction, and with the
notification of a fresh extraordinary tax, which
must be paid up within ten days of the publication
of that proclamation, for the support of the Im-
perial troops.

‘; Gentlemen, you may not have looked into all
the dot tils of what has taken place in India, but
but you must know this—that we have there a
great war forced upon us by rebels who would de-
prive all our countrymen of their lives, and Eng-
land of an empire—that where we placed our con-
fidence, we have been met with treachery—where
where we aoted with kindness, we have encoun-
tered murder—murder, not directed only against
men by whom resistance might be made, and from
whom wrongs might have been feared, but extending
equally t 3 unoffending, helpless women—to the
children at their knees, and to the infants at their
breasts—sparing none, and often inflicting death
with torture upon the body where it bad already
more cruelly tortured the mind.
" We have seen there, in almost every instance
of mutiny, one general deliberate design, not only
to deprive us of the dominion we have so long held
with honour, hut to place us, as a people, under
circumstances of outc,ige and of indignity, which,
if we submit to them, must render us, in the eyes
all living men an! of a.ll future generations, a de-
spised and degraded race. Will you submit to this?
You will say you never will—you will have redress
and vengeance. We will say nothing about ven-
geance—that belongs only to a Higher Power ;
but to punish crime so signally as to deter all
hereafter from its commission, and to vindicateour
sovereign authority, this is no doubt our right, and
it is our duty—and you will say you will not be
Imucl wanting in the performance of it—but, then,
what will you do ? Depend upon it, it is not enough
to sit quietly at home and to pay t saes, nor to go
to public meetings and pass resolutions expressive
of sympathy with the sufferers and of indignation
against their destroyers. You must do more than
this, and I will tell you what you can do—what
none hut those who are in your position can do
equally well, and what you now all ought to do for
the honour of the country, and for your own.
" You have heard of the great reinforcements of
troops which have been recently sent or are now
going out to India. You have been assured that we
shall have there a larger army than we had in the
Crimea, and I dare say you expect from the exer-
tions of this force early and complete success in the
war. Everything that the noblest of soldiers can do
has been done, and will be done by ours in India; and
they have now a general who knows well what war
is—the lions are at last led by a lion—but be fis-
sured that this is not a sudden temporary danger to
be repelled by sudden temporary exertion. What
at first was a mutiny is become a revolution ; to re-
store civil authority is more difficult than to repress
military resistance, and it requires more force to
occupy than it does to subdue. Be assured that the
military institutions of this country, managed as
they now are, are insufficient permanently to sup-
ply the number of men required to reconquer what
we have lost, and to hold our empire hereafter in
security. It is only through a change in those in-
stitutions, which no minister would willingly pro-
pose, or through a great practical improvement in
the working of them, which your co-operation may
supply, that the necessary force can be maintained.
I am satisfied that the principle upon which our
militia is now founded, that of voluntary enlist-
ment, is the one most acceptable to the people, and
I feel assured that a militia maintained at its full
complement, as it may be, and can only be, by the
patriotic exertions of country gentlemen and far-
mers, is the best foundation of our military system.
If you and such as you will, by your efforts, keep
the militia up to its complement, the regular army
will take care of itself. It may cost more to draw
the recruit for the army through the militia, but
the recruit so obtained is in most cases one who
would not have been procured at all unless he had
first entered the militia, and there acquired a taste
for military service. Employ in the obtaining of
recruits for the militia but half the east' you would
display in getting votes at an election, and you will
certainly succeed. A hundred recruiting sergeants
could not do what each of you can do within the
sphere of his personal influence.
"When I tell you that you have this power, I
speak from my own experience. When the militia,
as now constituted; was first established in 1853. I
took much interest in the success of the measure,
and I earnestly requested several farmers I was
acquainted with to do their utmost to obtain re-
cruits. Some zealously exerted themselves, others
were more lukewarm ; but in every instance in
which an influential farmer cordially undertook the
duty, the result was uniformly the same ; and I am
convinced that, if all who could have done so, had
acted as some did, the country could in that year
have raised, not between 50,000 and 60,000, but
not less than 120,000 men.
" No doubt you would be greatly aided in your
exertions to obtain recruits if the militia of the
county should be embodied. Men will more wil-
lingly enlist in a regiment they can see marching
with all the pomp and circumstance of war, than .
a csrps which remains invisible, and of which h
existenceotbers isd oonly
theyt obemfoauyn, d
it
ni
officials for you records.
do yßouut
let
you duty.d Wo
n ihueerhe
gy
oo
ou d by lead oytohuerr si
owdiil
vl
id ufollow,ale ffaonr dts
youe
will do yet more by your example.
" I ask you only to do what I know you can do,
and what .1 feel you ought to do for the assistance
of the country in this critical j tincture of our affairs.
" It is impossible to over-estimate its importance.
There is nothing man holdsothsshould
ue ladr
forcedfo r
not
uwbphe
oi a which
ourselves
ehif
weaveves
nmoatnifioolwlytoi
nfitghliet .0
contest
sWt
should not succeed in it, we must be content not
only to lose the noblest empire in the world, but to
make the name of Englishman a byeword of shame
amongst nations.
" The wives and daughters of our countrymen
have been publicly violated, their children have
been put to death with circumstances of cruelty sur-
Passin 0
° all we read of in history as the punishments
inflicted by God upon the offending Jews. It has
not been deemed sufficient to destroy us. We were
first to be dishonoured, and this in a country through
which we have proudly—perhaps too proudly—
stalked as conquerors for a hundred years.
" Do you suppose that, if we could submit to this

ADMINISTRATION OF THE POOR LAW
IN ST. MARYLEBONE.

Yesterday the ordinary weekly meeting of the
guardians and directors of the poor of the parish of
St. Marylebone was held in the board room of the
workhouse, Northumberland-street, New-road
Mr. Charles Beevor in the chair.

TREATMENT OF THE CASUAL POOR.
Some few weeks since a woman named Ann
Moran complained that having been by the officials
refused admittance into the workhouse, she had
for several consecutive nights to sleep upon the
flag-way outside, exposed to all the inclemency of
the weather • and that finally when she did get
admitted, she was, although a woman of good cha-
racter, placed in the ward set apart for refractory
girls there to pick oakum. Upon this complaint
being made, a committee of the Board of Guardians
was appointed to investigate the matter, and a copy
of their report was forwarded to the Poor-law
Board, upon which the following letter from that
body was adressed to the secretary of the Board of
Guardians :

"Poor-law Board, Whitehall, S. W., Oct. 15, 1857.
" Sir,—l am directed by the Poor-law Board to
acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 3d
inst., enclosing an extract from the report of a
committee of guardians of the parish of St. Maryle-
bone, having reference to the case of Anne Moran,
on which the cominittte state that they are of
opinion that Anne Moran should not have been
sent to a ward in which refractory girls were ',laced,
and that the guardians were acting under mis-
apprehension when they ordered her to be re st
there. It appears to the board that the master
of the workhouse, who is responsible for its good
order and discipline, should be the person primarily
empowered to enforce that discipline by the inflic-
tion, subject to proper control by the gusrdianp,
of such punishment as may be requisite to maintain
order in the establishment. With this view the Poor-
law Board have always invested the master of a
workhouse with authority to make certain changes
in the diet of disorderly paupers, and, under circum-
stances of aggravation on the part of a refractory
pauper, to confine such pauper on his own authority
withoutauy order of the Board of Guardian; either
generator specific. A reference to an order issued by
the Poor-law Board to the directors and guardians
of the poor of the parish of St Marylebone, on the
16th October, 1856, will show the guardians the
regulation of the Poor-law Board respecting the
punishment of paupers for misbehaviour, both
adult and children, while inmates of the workhouse,
eavvepnrethfeonr3 thc,i
future misapprehension
which are similar to those generally issued to the
boards of guardians of unions throughout England.
I am directed to suggest to the guardians the im-
portance of strictly carrying out the provisions of
named order
asnc;
as
such to
mpirs
occurring as is stated to have been the
cause of the
treatment of Anne Moran.--I
theabt°hveep
am, sir, your
obedient servant, s COURCENIT."
Mr. KING thought the P I oor- aw Board were en-
croaching upon the rights which the guardians en-
joyed under the provisions of the local act, and
would therefore move that the letter •
he upon the
table, and that the meeting proceed to the next
business.

The Rev. Mr. EYRE, rector of the parish, thought
it better that a courteous reply should be sent to
the communication.
Mr. POTTER, entirely concurred in the suggestion
of the rector.
Mr. SALMON said that, while ho agreed in the
separated.
view taken by Mr. King, he had yet no objection .
to a reply being sent to the Poor-law Board, pro-
vided it did not in any way admit the right of tuck
interference on the part of that body.
Mr. KING then withdrew his motion, and the re-
ceipt of the letter was ordered to be acknowledged.
routine
eettimneing
business
was then transact-
ed,Aater varietyof
which the

We are requested to state that the speeches recently
delivered in Chester. by the Bishop of Oxford and Mr.
Gladstone, on thegodum mutinies, were made at a meetir,e
held there on behalf not of the Foreign Aid Society, 'but
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ;.a VG.
reign Parte.

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