The Sun.
London, England, 1857-08-07 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 7, 15 7

strip her of some of her fairest provinces, and to
erect on the ruins a government that, as the tool
of Russia, would be a perpetual thorn rankling in
her side. We do not want either a King Log or
a King Stork—one that will be a mere puppet in
the hands of the AUTOCRAT, or a satrap receiving
his instructions from St. Petersburg. The best
protection to the Principalities, as well as to
Turkey, will be in their very weakness, and in the
guarantee of the Powers for their security and
comparative independence. We have witnessed
the consequences of erecting a quasi monarchy
in Greece, and should be warned by the example
against being too easily led into a similar course
—and elevating a second OTHO, another AMELIA—
to carry out the designs of the CZAR, and practi-
cally extend his empire from the banks of the
Pruth to the Danube.
_ _

We repeat that there is not a particle of foun-
dation for the assertion of the unanimity of the
people of the Principalities for an union and the
elevation of a foreign Prince to the throne. All
the evidence is, in fact, the other way. The elec-
tions, such as they were, resulted altogether in
favour of the opinions entertained by Eng-
land, Austria, and Turkey. It is said that
undue influence was used. But where is the
proof? Inquiry was suggested. It was proposed
that the Caimacans should be summoned to Con.
stantinople to explain their conduct, and submit
to a rigid investigation, but this was summarily
and contumeliously rejected by the representatives
of Russia, Prussia, France, and Sardinia. They
wanted " to beg the question," to assume that
because the result was not in accordance with
their wishes, it must be forthwith set aside ; and
acted with as much arrogance and hauteur as
MENSCHIKOFF himself when despatched for the
purpose of picking a quarrel with the SULTAN.
Wo do not doubt that our correspondent is in-
fluenced by a sincere desire to improve the con-
dition of the Moldo-Wallachians. We aro
actuated by a similar wish. But it will not do
to commit ourselves hastily, on inadequate
grounds. As at present advised, we believe the
views advocated by Lords PALMERSTON and
CLARENDON to be perfectly correct. Should we
see reason to alter our opinion, or to think that
the welfare, prosperity, and the happiness of the
people—that "justice to the oppressed" could be
best promoted by a different course—we shall not
hesitate to confess our mistake, and to use every
effort consistent with the faithful observance of
the engagements into which we have entered to
advance that object, and to render the greatest
good to the greatest number.

It is impossible to commend too strongly to
such of our readers as may not possess it, Mr. J.
Wimp's large map of India (34 inches by 27); it
gives not only all the information which may be
expected from an excellent map, but by a combi-
nation of ingenuity and artistic skill, it presents
to the "faithful eyes" such a❑ amount of politi-
cal, military, civil, and statistical information, as
must be sought for otherwise in many volumes ;
and, all available at a moment's notice. We, of
" the Fourth &tate," who have frequently so
little time either to investigate or to refresh our
memories, while our readers expect from us im-
impromptu information and opinions, must ac-
knowledge gratefully our very frequent indebted-
ness to the "QUEEN'S Geographer." Our readers,
however, of every class, if they would comprehend
what is now going on in India, cannot possibly do
it without a good map of the country ; and Mr.
WYLD'S is unquestionably facile princeps amongst
all competitors. It is not too expensive for any
Reading-room, News-room, or Counting-house ;
or for the private house of every newspaper
reader; and, as almost every one is now interested
in India, and as every Euglisbman ought to be
very differently acquainted with it to what we all
have been, we sincerely hope that the educated
public generally will show Mr. WYLD that they
are not insensible to his spirited efforts to serve
them. The gain will be their own.

To be specific—for general commendation may
he undervalued—the map is both a perfect study,
and a chart reference for the wants of the moment.
Yal want to know in what political relation a
particular district stands to the British Govern-
ment ; you see by excellent colouring whether it
is independent, subsidiary, protected, or directly,
governed by us. Do you ask what is the ex-
tent and population of any part ? A table gives
you easy and instant information of the 'limber
ef :square miles and inhabitants belonging to each .
You read of three Presidencies, of their respective
armies, and of this or that military station ; the
Iname of the last being frequently one you never
before heard of—for war, be it observed, is like
a railroad, a wonderful teacher of geography.
Well, you look down a list of the military sta-
tions in each Presidency, and find not only the
name and its distance from Calcutta, Madras, or
Bombay, as the case may be, but cc number by
which you are directed to one of the lightly traced
squares on the map, in which, of course, you find
Nor is that all ; if you find a military sta-
tion on the map before you consult the table, you
know, by a coloured line beneath, whether it bc-
longs to the Bengal, the Madras, or the Bombay
army. The same facilities are furnished in regard
to all the civil stations and collectorates. Per-
haps you are at a loss to form a fair conjecture
of the diagonal di=stance between different parts of
the country. To meet this frequent difficulty,
hesides the conception which latitude and longi-
tude and the usaal scales may give, when you
have time to use them, an otherwise vacant cor-
ner of the map relieves your difficulty in almost
every case. A simply arranged table shows at
once the distance between any two of the principal
places in India.
The railroads, completed and sanctioned, are
of course indicated ; indeed, nothing is omitted
which is required by the reader of the newspaper,
or of works on India such as the Duke of WEL-
LINGTON'S despatches. Only to sit down and
study the map itself for a spire hour will
give most persons a clearer view of India
than they ever had before. And, as if nothing
should be wanting to furnish a purchaser with the
greatest amount of information permitted by the
space, a small map of the world, on MERCATOR'S
projeeion, fills up the south-east corner, vacant
otherwise by the peculiar confi4uration of India,
and shows at a glance the whole of the British
empire, from its vast domains in North America
to its huge continental island of Australia. Mr.
WYLD deserves once more the highest credit for
having furnished, at the moment needed, what
every one wants. We are pleased, therefore, t
perceive that a second and a third edition have
already been
called for, and cannot doubt that
his energy
and enterprise will be amply rewarded
by the public.
We think it right, on our part at
least, to encourage every well-conceived attempt,
not only to interest in Indian matters, but to (W-
I fuse more accurate knowledge of them.

Last Friday we published the report of the
Eoyal Commissioners appointed to detorrainreptobr:
site of the new National G4llery, and to e
on the desirableness of combining with it the
Fine Art and krcbx )10gical Collection of the
British Museum. it is au able and well-cowi-

dered document, and should effectually prevent
the contemplated job of removing the people's
property to a place where it would be practical y
inaccessible to the great body of the people. The
anxiety that was felt for that removal in certain
quarters was but too painfully notorious, and
reasonable apprehensions were entertained that

the Commissioners would not have the moral
firmness to resist the influences that might be
bought t) bear on them. We rejoice, however,
to say that they have faithfully and honourably
discharged the important duty confided to their
hands, and returned an honest and impartial ver-
dict between the Prince and the People.
Originally composed of six Members, one was
ab initio prevented from acting by ill-health. Of
the remaining five, one declined to vote, and the
decision ultimately arrived at was carried by a ma-
jority of three votes to one, and that decision was
" in favour of the site of the present National
Gallery." It is in accordance with the views and
feelings of the overwhelming majority of the na-
tion, who are fully convinced that in every aspect
of the case, the present situation offers advan-
tages far greater than any other that could be
suggested. The collection has been created for
the use of the many, to improve the taste for art,
to elevate and refine the minds of those who have
not valuable private collections within their reach.
The aristocratical section are by no means ex-
cluded. They are also admissible, whenever they
think proper to attend. But unfortunately that
is not sufficient. They want it to themselves and
for themselves, and as they cannot now exclude
the million, the only way of attaining the ob-
ject is by removing it to some less accessible loca-
lity, where artizans and operatives might be de-
terred from coming between the wind and their
nobility.
Now Trafalgar-square could be approached at a
cheap rate from every metropolitan and suburban
district—conveyance by omnibus could be ob-
tained at a single fare to Charing Cross from any
quarter. It is the grand centre to which all
the radii tend, and from which an easy return
can be obtained. We need not say how greatly
an additional fare back and forward for each per-
son may affect the prospects of a working man's
visit with his family to the Art Collection. To a
comparatively wealthy person, a few shillings
more or less are of trivial importance. But it is
very different with the man who earns his daily
bread by his daily labour, and who has to look
narrowly to the ways and means before he de-
votes a single shilling to purposes either of amuse-
ment or instruction. To such a person, the re-
moval of the art collection to Kensington Gore
would more than quadruple the difficulties and
impediments to a visit. It would therefore di-
minish the attendance in a still greater ratio, and
that was the chief olject of the parties clamouring
for the change, while it rendered it peculiarly
distasteful to every advocate for the improvement
and enlightenment of the less wealthy classes.
The choice was practically limited to two sites,
that of the 'present National Gallery sufficiently
enlarged, and the Kensington Gore Estate, which
had been purchased with the surplus profits of the
Great Exhibition of 1851, without the consent
of the Parliament or People of Great Britain
being either obtained or even asked for. It was
an unexpected movement towards that which had
already become a foregone conclusion in the minds
of its concoctors, and which it was thought the
unwarranted and unwarrantable application of
some 150,0001. of what might justly be desig-
nated as public money, would sooner or later en-
sure. In this, however, they " reckoned without
their host," for the popular mind was firmly and
irrevocably opposed to the Germau job.
The spurious pretext, so earnestly urged for
the change, was that the smoke and atmosphere
of London, and the extra dirtiness, and neces-
sary cleaning of the pictures, occasioned an
amount of wear and tear that would occur only in
a smaller degree in clearer and more airy situa-
tions. On this point—the only one, indeed, in
any way worthy of notice—the commissioners can-
didly declare that—
" So far as space for a building of great magni-
tue.e with capacity for future enlargement is con-
cerned, this site is, in our opinion, undoubtedly,
to be preferred, and we cannot but conclude that
Vie a r must be on the whole less impure there than
at Charing-crosA. Whether it will continue to be
SO when the neighbouring land to the south-welt
and west shall be covered wi h buildings and be-
come part of the metropolis may by some be
douto ed. We ought not al-oee'her to overlook the
fact, although it reed not govern our decision, that
the choice of this site would occasion a saving to
the amount of whatever outlay might be requisite
for the purchase of laud elsewhere."
This outlay would, however, not be altogether
lost. The estate would be very valuable for
building purposes. It has already become one of
the most fashionable localities in the metropolis,
and ground rents already are charged at an
enormous rate. We believe that 841. per annum
is charged for the site of each of tho Palatial
residences now in course of construction in Prince
Albeit's-road. Surely then the lani already pur-
chased maybe d sposed of, and the proceeds would
go far t ) supply, if it did not exceed, the cost of
the additional space required in the vicinity of the
present National Gallery.
"On the other hand," they emphatically
state :

" The site of the present National Gallery is
incontestably more accessible—mote in the way of
all classes, and, from long usage, more familiAr to
them, than any position in the outskirts of the
metropolis. The surpassing merits of this site in
this respect are fully set forth in the unanimous
report of the select committee of 1848, to which
we have previously referred. And in regard to
capacity for enlargement, which seems to be the
chief mater of doubt, there can be no impediments
now which were not known to the eminent prac-
tical sia•enoen who composed the committee and
prepared the report of 1848."
They also,' without alluding to the numerous
dwelling-houses noff erecting in the vicinity of
and completely surrounding the Kensington-Gore
estate, say—

"In regard to atmospheric impurities, it is, as
has lie. n previously admitted, inferior to the site of
Kensington-gore ; but additional care, the more
general protection of the pictures by glass, which
is strongly recommon led by some of our more com-
petent witnesses, architectural improvements in a
new building, and recent legislation, which Las
done much to purify the metropolitan,atmosphere
aid may do more, would prob slily much improve
its prevent condition. Considered architecturally
the site of Trafalgar-square stands by common con-
sent without a rival ; an I the substituiion of a
building worthy of the British people for the pre-
sent edifice would command universal admiration,
ai.d do honour to the age."

The architectural improvements of the metre-
polis cannot altogether be lost sight of. When
the intentions respecting the contemplated pub-
ic offices are carried into practical execution, a
suitable national gallery, ou " the finest site in
Europe," will be an appropriate addition, a
proper termination to the brilliant line from the
Imperial Palace at Westminster to Trafalgar-
square. Sir CHARLES BARRY, an unexception-
able witness, declared his opinion—

" That if the sire of St. Martin's Workhouse were
purchased, an alteration were made in the form of
the barrack-yard, and a portion of C istle-str• et
stopped ; if the Royal Academy were located else-
where, the poi tic:o and other projections b yond
the hue of the present front taken dowu, and con-
siderable additions were male to the present budd-
ing, a National Gallery could be obtained on the
present site that would Le au ornament to the
mettopolis,
and afft4 accommodation equal to the
requirement.' of the country for the national piej

Cures foi ages to come. I should add, the pro-
posed additions to the present building would have
the effect of entirely concealing the front of it. I
have gone very minutely into the sulject, ant have
prepare" certain plans and diagrams to illustrate
my propoiii ion, and I shall have great pleasure in
submitting and explaiiiing them if it be the wish of
the committee." (Answer 182.)
Now all these matters can be easily and cheaply
effected for far less than the value of the Kensing-
ton Gore Estate. The matter siaoul l, therefore,
be regarded as decided, and we should consider it
to be so, but for a sinister rumour that has pre-
vailed that the removal of the national collection to
Kensi n gton Gore during the recesswas contemplated,
and which at first received additional strength from
the fencing and quibbling of Sir G. C. LEWIS, with
the plain and straightforward interrogatory ex-
hibited by Mr. WisE. We cannot, however, be-

lieve that the statesman who once enunciated that
"England had no cousins," would join in a con-
spiracy to degrade the British Parliament, or to
transfer its functions to other hands. When
pressed on the point, Lord PALMERSTON said,
" surely no pledge is necessary. No step can be
taken to build a new National Gallery without
the vote of the House !" This is clear and dis-

tinct. He could not, and we firmly believe, would
not listen to any persuasion leading to the viola-
tion of the implied. promise. Should he do so,
Parliament can vindicate it 3 own honour, and its
own independence, but we are convinced there
are no grounds for the apprehensions that, looking
to the unauthorised purchase of the Kensington
Gore Estate, might otherwise reasonably be enter-
tained respecting the alleged project.
This opinion has been confirmed by the answer
yesterday given by Sir G. C. LEWIS to the perti-
nacious and indefatigable Mr. CONINGHAM. The
Right Hon. Baronet declared that the Govern-
ment "had come to no decision upon tha subject
—that it was not their inteution, at present, to
sanction any removal of pictures in the National
Gallery, or in Marlborough House to Kensington
Gore." Adding what, after all, affords the best
security, " that there was no building at present,
to which they could be removed, even if such
was the intention of the Government." This,
although not conveyed in a very graceful manner,
is what we require. Weonly demand that no change
should be made without Parliament having been
fully consulted, and its calm
Sand deliberate opinion
being first duly had and obtained.
On Wednesday Mr. CONINGLIAIL also pointed
out the strong objections to the establishment of
the new portrait gallery in an independent build-
ing in Great George-street, Westminster, in phc3
of making it a part of the National Gallery in
Trafalgar-square. This is a job that should be
closely watched ; these separate collections being
all matters tending towards a removal to Kensing-
ton Gore. The present vote was, however, only
for 2,0001., and that cannot greatly influence the
ultimate decision one way or the other, but even
that vote was postponed ! All these things must,
however, be closely watched, and the nation is for-
tunate in having so vigilant a guardian as Mr.
Comwroirem.

AMERICA.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRA.PII,)

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING.

The European and American Company's steam-
ship Queen of the South, Captain Beal, has arrived
from New York, with 182 passengers and - a full

IJATEST N E &J.

RUPTURE BETWEEN FRANCE AND

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 6.

The Porte having refused to accede to M.
Thouvenel's demand for the annulment—imme-
diate, absolute, and without examination—of the
Moldavian elections, he has broken off diplomatic
relations with the Turkish Government, and yes-
terday, at halCp Ist 12, the flag of the French
Embassy was hauled down.
It is not yet known whether the Ministers of
Russia, Prussia, and Sardinia, who have threat-
ened to follow the example of their colleague,
will do so.

PARIS, FRIDAY.

The Moniteur announces that on the 14th inst.,
at two, p.m., the Emperor in person will inaugu-
rate the new buildings of tin Palace of the Louvre,
begun in 1852 and finished in 1857.
The Empress will be present at this ceremony.

MARSEILLES, Ara-. 6.

The notes of the four Powers directed against
Prince Vogorides, were identical, though presented

separately.
Two hundred houses hare been destroyed by fire
at Galata. The establishment of the &ears Fran-

caises was saved.

The tribes of the MutuAlis had pillaged the
Christians in the town of Sour. M. de Lesseps,
the French Consul at Beyrout, ha I gone to the
spot to demand a public repression of the outrage.
Prince Vogorides bad proceeded to replace the
Metropolitan of Moldavia, because he had refused
to preside over the Divan,.

The Kcenigsberg Gazette publishesa dispatch from
St. Petersburg stating that a serious affiir had
taken place at Isala,'avia in the Caucasus between
the Russian troops an l the main body of the forces
of Schamyl, in which the latter were defeated, with
the loss of 400 killed. The Russians had eight
men killed and 47 wounded.
•

tions from. the arbitrary tone which prevails in
them. She would thus elin the sympathies and
esteem of other nations, and might serve the cause
of universal progress and of liberty—% cause which
she now betrays through the national policy, to
which she sacrifices liar generous tendencies and
her eral ideas."

The value of the above amiable sentiments is
somewhat reduced by the concluding passage of
the article in question :
" Should the s.kuqgle between England and the
Hindoo population not be destine 1 to an early
issue, and should the Government have a correct
idea the state of matters, all that is lost by Eng-
land ought to he gained by France as the repre-
sentative of civilisation, the triumph of which it is
her mission to achieve."

Tee 1)1lowina ti sue of absurdities appears in an
article of the Fresse on India :

-" For Vie present we do not think that England
will request our assistance in India. But if in-
exorable necessity, which weighs dokn the loftiest,
should compel her to do so, ought France to re-
spond to that appeal ? We do not hesitate to reply
in the affirm-dive, because a solemn oppor-
tunity would be offered of restoring justice to all.
France, in saving the British empire in India,
would have the right of stipulating for terms
equ (1 to the services render( d. Her intervention
should prove profitable to the Hind( • population
no less than to England. Humanity and civilisa-
tion should be always and everywhere the first
allies of France. With respect to her personal re-
muneration, it is traced out in the treaties of 1815
and in the history of her colonial empire, which
was ruined and destroyed by the former. These
rapacious treaties should be modified in their turn,
and France replaced in possession of the establish-
ments she had founded in India previously to the
arrival of the English. India is an inheritance
of France as well as of England, and it is vast
enough for both." •

The Pays says :—" A telegraphic despatch has
been published by the Times, announcing that the
Frenchainbassadorat Constantinoplehad threatened
to leave the capital, if the Ministry was not modi-
fied. Authentic information allows us to contra-
dict this news of the English paper. France has
never raised in Turkey questions of persons she has
never influenced the choice of the Sovereign ; but
has always confined herself to demanding that

the treaty- of Paris should. be executed in good.
faith. When proofs were given that it was de-
parted from in the question of Moldavia, she merely
demanded, in conformity with European right, that
its provisions should be strictly observed.
BOURSE, Aug. s.—The following were the last
quotations :

Cash. ft. c. End of Month.
4i per Cents
3 per Cents 66 95 67 45
Bank Shares 2,800 Credit Fonder 550
Credit Mobilier 960 Roman
Do. Account 960 Austrian
Belgian 4i
Fiedmontese (5) 9O Home Debt