The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-20 00:00:00

► SUN, LONDON; SATURDAY EVENING-, JULY 20, 1861.

thing was done for the benefit of Poland." In pur-
suance of these remarks the noble and learned lord
further observed that " he ought to add that when
Prince CZARTORYSKI lived in Paris he was the firm

- -
supporter of Poland, and took an interest in all that
related to the welfare of Poland. He was the friend
and adviser of all Polish emigrants then settled in
France, and in no one particular was his loss to be
more lamented than that he advised them soundly
and moderately to take such positions as would
benefit Poland without giving offence to the country
in which they were then domiciled. This eminently

accomplished and virtuous man died at a most ma-
ture age, and to the last hii faculties remained un-

impaired." Within the very week rendered pain-
fully memorable to the Poles (whether oppressed at

home or in exile abroad) by the demise of the NESTOR
of that heroic Nationality—it was surely but right
and reasonable that the brother-in-law of the most

honoured and beloved among Prince ADAM'S Eng.
lish friends and sympathisers, should recall to the
recollection of his peers the wrongs of the Polish
people, and the hopes yet cherished by many
millions, those heart-born hopes of our yet
witnessing the revival of Polish independence.
It is true that the Under-Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs went so far last evening as to
remark, in his official capacity and, consequently, as
one speaking in the name of her Britanpic MAJESTY'S
Government, that the Restoration of Polish Inde-
pendence is no longer, as Lord WoOHOUSE phrased
it, " a practical question." But—How long ago is it
that European Diplomacy would have pronounced
quite as emphatically the same identical opinion
in regard to that seemingly no less impracticable
question, the question of—ltalian Independence ?
Yet, what is the situation of affairs at this very
moment in Italy ? Why, that the Unification of
Italy has not only been formally decreed by
23,000,000 freemen, but that it has been already
for the most part accomplished ! And not only
this, but that there is even now visibly before Europe,
recognised by the Chief Powers of Europe in name,
style, and title—A " King of Italy !" A designa-
tion unknown in the history of nations since the
subjugation of the European continent by the
genius and the arms of the Great NAPOLEON. What
hasbeen accomplished within our own time in regard
to Italy and the Italians—who shall say may not be
accomplished in like manner (in our time) in regard
to Poland and the Poles ? Not assuredly—(to the
effectual extinction of our hopes in regard to Poland
and the Poles)—Lord WODEHOUSE! The sixty-
six years of noble endurance to which Lord
ELLENBOROUGH so eloquently referred last
evening, have earned for the sons of the
land of SOBIESKY and KOSCIUSKO a nobler
fate than that sketched out for them by our Under-
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, that of aiding
in increasing the civilisation of Russia, Poland receiv-
ing, in return, as a sort of bounty from the CzAR,
institutions more in conformity with those enjoyed
in this nineteenth century by the Western nations
of Christendom !

The military news which accompanied the PRE•
SIDENT'S Message is certainly more important than
any which has recently arrived. It appears to in-
dicate consciousness on the part of the wary General
SCOTT of sufficient strength for a real advance. The
forward movement commenced on the 2d. A divi-

sion under General _PATTERSON had previously
crossed the Potomac, at Williamsport, a place up-
wards of sixty miles west of Washington, and west
also of Harper's Ferry about twenty miles. This
division advanced towards Martinsburg, a town
about twelve miles south of Williamsport, and
there met five regiments of the enemy, besides one of
cavalry, amounting, General PATTERSON says, to ten
thousand men, whom, after a sharp conflict, they
completely routed, driving them in such disorder
that knapsacks, canteens, and blankets strewed the
line of their flight. The Rebel loss is said to have
been sixty; that of the Federalists is stated by the
General to be only three.
The next day the central body at Washington
began its advance. It appears to be about 40,000
strong, the disposable forces at least; 30,000 were
advanced as far as to Fairfax Court-house, about
the same distance, west by south of Washington,
across the Potomac, as Martinsburg is further west._
Whether the rebels will fight there we shall probably
know by the next arrival. Gen. IT CLELLAND
with upwards of 20,000 men was reported to be
advancing from Ohio through Western Virginia,
which has declared for Congress, and even sent
Representatives. And Gen. BUTLER, it will be
remembered, is below Richmond, the grand object
of Federal attack, on the south-east of the Bay of
Chesapeake at Fort Monroe. All depends on the
strength of the Rebels—they have mustered from
all parts to defend Ric/tnond, which they made
their capital and the seat of their legislature, ever
since Virginia declared for them. Its loss
would almost break them up. They have
nowhere else anything which can be
called an army, and the work before the
North would then be a steady advance in force, and
a conquest of the small parties which could be
brought against them in particular spots. The
difficulty would be parallel to ours in India after
the fall of Delhi and Lucknow. There would be
nowhere force sufficient to meet an army, but in
Tr any places bands sufficient to give trouble. We
may hope, however, that they would not be able
or disposed to continue a guerilla or brigand war,
which must be maintained by the plunder of their

zation.

own people.
It is hoped, we observe by some, that the slavery
question will settle itself by the advance of the
army. It is argued that " the faithful slaves" will
certainly not retain their fidelity in sight of an
army which is fighting against their oppressors,
and that the army cannot convert itself into a slave-
catching force : indeed, the army has already re-
ceived a large number of fugitives as " contraband
of war," for which view the rebels themselves
furnished a pretext by proclaiming their value in
war for throwing up entrenchments. Gen. BUTLER
has used them therefore for that purpose himself. The
PRESIDENT'S spe:3ch gives quite the other view of
his intentions. It may be he is speaking only offi-
cially. Besides, the Border States are now pretty
well in his hands ; and if Missouri, Kentucky, and
Tennessee have, by fighting against him, or by
'
neutrality when they were bound to fight with
him, forfeited
of
a n
cei teeadhn
cannot
rodtlperhaps
theirebr
he
aspr aisigdehats to rights,
have a
declare
cadlraoyrnleae Maryland
his.
The
PRESIDENT army
and
Delaware
im
an abolitionist army, yet such, it is held by some,
it must practically become. We
have repeatedly
pointed out that were this the case, the only change
would be that the conflict would be cut short
by the rebels giving in before the aboli-
tionist army could reach them, since they
would thus save what slaves they had. Happy
for North America if the Free States deterruinc:d
to put an end to slavery and rebellion together. To
neat an end to the first would guarantee the Republic
against future rebellion for a long time to come.
One of the most remarkable retributions in history
is in any case now falling upon Virginia—the State
which executed the noble JOHN BROWN, of Osso-
watamie, is now the theatre of a slavery war,
and its militia, pompously paraded around his
scaffold, have now to flee for their lives before the
avenging army.

A E T N E

PARIS, JULY 20.

Tho Monaeur of today contains a report of the
Minister of Finance on the subscription to the
300,000 Obligations Trentenaires,
The report says:—" 4,693,814 bonds have been
subscribed for. 128,605 subscriptions aro for
amounts which cannot be reduced.

" This financial operation is a complete success.
The subscription, by the abundance of capital offered
and the eagerness of the public to subscribe, has
become an imposing manifestation of the financial
power of the country, and a proof of the confidence
which the Government of the Emperor inspires."
Last night a fire broke out in the property rooms
of the Grand Opera, and destroyed all the secenery.
The loss is consith rabic.

NAPLES, JULY 19.

General Cialdini has ordered 15,000 volunteers
'rom the National Guard to be enrolled for mobil:-

Several Garibaldi= officers have accepted ap-

pointments.
The brigands who were concentrated at Monte•
cilfone have been beaten.

TURIN, JULY 19, EVENING.

The Muncipality of Turin have ordered a sere•
nade and torchlight procession in honour of Count

Fleury.
The Italia says—" It is not true that Garibaldi
has left Caprera."

MADRID, JULY 19.

The Correspondencia Autografa of to-day says:
—lt is asserted that Senor Bermudez, formerly
Spanish Ambassador at Naples, will return to
Francis 11.

The chief of the Loja insurgents has been

strangled.
He is the only person who has been condemned

o death.

LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.

The Royal Mail Steamship Africa, which :sailed
for New York to-day, took £16,552 in specie from
England, and 92,000 dollars from the Continent.

BERNE, JULY 19.

The negotiation for a treaty of commerce between
France and Switzerland will not be opened before
October next.

The Council of the States in its sitting to-day
voted 275,000 f. for the construction of military
roads.

MADRID, JULY 19.
The Queen has arrived at Valladolid, and has
been warmly received.
The daughter of the Duke do Montpensier is ill
at San Lucar.

Hopes are entertained that the plot of the late
insurrection at Loja will be discovered.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company have received the following telegram :

THE BOMBAY MAILS.

The Valetta, with the above mails, reached Malta
at 10 p.m. on the 18th, and was to leave for Mar-
seilles at 3 the next morning.
The Ellora was to leave Malta at 8 a.m. on the
19th, and may be expected at Southampton on the
28th inst.

The Orissa brought the mail to Suez, arriving
there on the 14th inst.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Suly 19.—Quiet but firm--such is the
physiognomy of the market to-day ; and, from the
trifling amount of business doing, prices can only
be considered as nearly nominal. Threes, for the
Account, are now at 67f 75c. Railways also dull.
The following were the last quotations:-
41 per per Cents ... 97 80 , Credit Fancier 1165
Do end month.... 97 80 Belgian 4/ lOO 25
3 per Cents ...... 67 80 ! Piedmontese Fives 73 50
Do. end month.... 67 751 Roman
Bank Shares 2855 -- Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 670 Spanish Threes —
Do. Account 671 25 ; Home Debt ..

the young inert of Warsaw, who, however, received
well-meiited tchastisement, and they are now ex-
citing even th e populations of the empire, and will
render necessi iry measures of extreme vigour. I
repeat to you, gentlemen, the formal interdiction to
read the Koloi zol (the Bell). It is a journal hostile
to the Goverrn nent, and supports principles of dis-
order and anarchy. The Government is determined
that officers shall not read that journal. What
lately occurred at Kiew proves that to you; in that
town the police and gendarmes arrested all the
officers who read that journal in the cafes, and they
have been sent to a fortress to await the decision of
justice.

A letter from Paris states that the Kolokol, a
Russian paper published in London, is the Czar's
favourite reading, and that when some paragraph is

likely to draw his attention to some outrageous
abuse, the officials are in the habit of setting before
his Majesty a forged reprint of the paper, cancel-
ling the dreaded revelation.