The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-08 00:00:00

IRELAND.

Dli B LIN, MONDAY.
A pastoral from Archbishop Cullen was read in
all the churches and chapels of his diocess yester-
day. It commenced by stating that, " amidst the
manifold calamities which are daily befalling the
world, it is a source of great consolation to witness
the splendid manifestations of devotion to the Holy
See, and unshaken fidelity to the great centre of
Catholic unity, the chair of St. Peter." The Pope,
however, has been persecuted and plundered by
lawless and violent men; and Dr. Cullen says that
an anti-Catholic and infidel press at home and
abroad not only defends what has been done in Italy,
-but has without ceasing " fulminated and poured
forth ealUmnies the vilest as well as the most base-
less against the Holy Father, his Government, and
all his most tried and most devoted servants ; while
for the scenes of sacrilege, of incendiarism, and
bloodshed which are daily enacted in the invaded
provinces of the Church, and the neighbouring
kingdom of Naples—scenes unparalleled save in our
own sad records of Cromwellian barbarity—these
same apostles , as they would fain have us believe
them, of humanity, liberty, and good government,
have not a solitary word of reprobation. Against
the captivity or exile of 58 Neapolitan bishops,

forcibly removed from their sees—against the now
almost daily perpetrated and cold-blooded murders
of unoffending priests—against the burning of
whole towns, with their defenceless populations of
aged and infirm, women and children, not a word
of execration is heard on the part of these self-
constituted and self-styled sympathisers of oppressed
nationalities all over the world."

This is the sort of contemporary history the
Roman Catholics of this city are taught from the
pulpit by the highest authority in their Church.
One may assume that events are represented and
interpreted in the same manner in the Catholic
University, and in the Colleges devoted to the edu-
cation of the priests and the higher classes through-
out the country. It would be the same in the na-
tional schools if the denominational system were
established. After a preamble in this spirit, the
Archbishop establishes the Confraternity of Peter's
Pence in the following terms :
"On and after this, the first Sunday in October, the
solemnity of the Holy Rosary—the auspicious day upon
which the Church celebrates the victory gained, through
the intercession of the Blessed Virgin, by the arms of Chris-
tendom over the enemies of the Christian name at Lepanto
—the pious Sodality or Confraternity of Peter's Pence is
.hereby established in our Pro-Cathedral Church of the Im-
maculate Conception, Marlboro'-street; and we invite the
faithful, and those in particular of the parishes annexed to
the above church to associate themselves to it."

He charges all heads of religious houses, priests,
&c., to establish branch associations, the members
of which are to recite daily three times the' Our
Father," the " Hail Mary," and the " Glory be to
the Father,"—to implore the Almighty to put an
end to the calamities of the Church, and to restore
the Sovereign Pontiff to the full enjoyments of his
sacred rights. Boxes are to be placed to receive
Peter's Pence ; a monthly return is to be made of
the sums collected, and there is to be a central
board of adminitttration in Dublin. The members
are assured the same privileges as the Arch-confra-
ternity of Peter's Pence at Rome, which has been
enriched by many indulgences.

The C'ork. Examiner of Saturday evening contains
a letter from Mr. Smith O'Brien, written to a friend
in Paris, in which he gives the impressions pro-
duced on his mind by his visit to Hungary, ex-
pressing the strongest sympathy with the Hunga-
rian cause, and admiration of the Hungarian people.
He says :
" I expected to find in the Hungarians a manly and chi-
valrous spirit, but I was not disposed to expect a very high
degree of intellectual cultivation. To my surprise, I dis-
covered an extent of intellectual culture which is not sur-
passed in any part of Europe. Not only at Pesth, but in
the remote parts of Northern Hungary, I met with many
persons who could speak Latin with as much fluency as
they speak their mother tongue. A knowledge of French
is almost universal among the educated classes, and in tra-
velling on the continent I have nowhere found so many that
could speak English as in Hungary."

He found that the Hungarians possessed in an
eminent degree the characteristics which are EX-
pressed by the word " gentleman."
The total number of sheep in the fair of Ballin-
asloe was 73,248, of which 69,811 were sold, leav-
ing 3,437 unsold. The total is less than the number
in 1860 by 6,840, and less than in 1859 by 18,671,
showing a falling off in the supply of nearly 20 per
cent in two years. This seems strange when
we consider that the lands of Connaught are more
extensively devoted to sheep-breeding than for-
merly. Disease among the flocks, occasioned by
the prevalence of wet weather, accounts, in some
measure, for the diminution. The other causes
assigned are lamb-feeding for the Dublin market
and for export, which brings a quick return of
money to the farmer, and the facilities afforded by
the railways to send up the sheep to Smithfield
whenever the market is favourable, which was done
to a considerable extent during the past year. If
we had the statistics which the railways could give
relating to this traffic, we should find a large in-
crease probably, instead of a diminution, in the
business of sheep-breeding beyond the Shannon.
There is, certainly, no falling off in the demand for
mutton, or in the prices which the butchers charge.
The prices rose on Saturday from 2s to 4s for
wethers, and Is to 2s for ewes. Some of those who
purchased the day before re-sold at a considerable
profit. Ewes ranged from 36s to 58s, the top prict
being 60s, and wethers from 36s to 58s, the top
price being 635. Some idea of the transactions may
be obtained from the following quotations :—Mr.
Hardy, of Mount Prospect, sold nearly 2,000 ewes
and wethers at prices ranging from 40s to 54s ; the
average may be set down as 490. Mr. Shiel sold a
prime lot of wethers at the top price, 635. The
same gentleman sold 440 sheep at prices varying
from 56s to 60s. Mr. O'Brien, of the firm of Whelan
and O'Brien, of Smithfield, purchased between 700
and 800 sheep at prices varying from 40s to 555.
Mr. John Eyre, of Galway, sold 240 hoggets at 445.
Mr. Potts sold a lot of sheep at 38s. Mr. Kerr, of
Longville, sold seven rams of the long-woolled kind
at from £8 to £l4. Mr. Abernethy, of Carrig,
bought a Leicester ram at £lO. Mr. Mitchel, of
Munret Weedon, Yorkshire, sold a Leicester ram at
£lO to Mr. Reynolds, of Ballinasloe. The same
gentleman sold a ram to Lord Clare for £lO lOs ;
to Mr. Smyth, for £l5 15s; to Lord Herbert, for
£l2 12s ; and to Lord Ashton, for £l2 12s. Mr.
George Thunder sold a lot of rams at from £lO to
£l5. Mr. Allan Pollok sold a lot of rams at from
£5 to £9. Lord Dunlo sold 100 wethers, at
Ms 6d, to Mr. Thomas Hopkins, of Grandmount.
Mr. Wright, of Rathmoyle, sold 16 rams at from
15 to 22 guineas. Mr. Hopkins, of Gravelmount,
bought 130 withers at 363, and 100 at 400. Mr.
E. Kelly sold 100 ewe hoggets to Mr. Mahon,
of Weston, at 445. Mr. Thomas Roberts, of
Strokestown,oold 12 rams at prices varying from
£lO to £2O. Mr. John Johnson, of Fohena Lodge,
sold 130 ewes at 41s, and 120 at 39s ; also, 70 wether
hoggets at 395. Mr. Andrew Comyn, of Ballin-
derry, bought a ram for £l5 from Mr. Roberts;2(
Mr. Christopher St. George bought one at
Mr, Valentine O'Connor Blake purchased one and
hired two rams from Mr.
having bought three sheer)
Itathvillos PT° £
H. Blake, of 16 for a ram
Mr. J, H
Rfroomberhtsi,mSltarsotkseesatosownn;

NEIVSPAPER
014
.4ti "147
to Mr. Roberts ; Mr. Smyth, of PrOktilyi._
wethers to Mr. Jordan at 555; Mr. Ali] 4--E.-0t,,x2,
of Crossmenlagh, sold 250 wethers K-;-co:W.rerak,
in; 355, and 250 ewes at an average o_ 'ss r.
Hardy, of Mount Prospect, bought three rams at
£8 apiece from a gentleman residing in Roscom-
mon. Mr. Tolan, of Dublin, bought 100 ewes at
37s 6d from Mr Lynch, of Athlone. Air. Dempsey,
of Adamstown,. Trim, bought 105 ewes from Mr.
Kennedy, at 32s Gd. Arr. APConisky, of Knights-
brook, Trim,
bought 220 ewes, at 35s Gd, from Mr.
Seymour. Mr. Arthur Nugent, of Cranna, near
Portumna, bought 40 ewes, at 52s Gd, and a ram at
g a4nBssco
al
alnodos mo' eel
,I,l,eerss,
tOlAoirf.roSinmy-Atihr; CaatleAelor. r
ote,i:t
at 40s. Mr. Russell, of Moate, bought 48 wothers,
at 393, from Mr. George Crowe. Mr. Malion, of
Hampstead, county of Galway, sold 50 ewes to Mr.
Richardson, at 41s, and bought 100 wethers at 38s,
from Mr. Bouger, of Itaglass. Mr. Dudley Perssc.,
Roxburgh, sold 100 maiden ewes, at 60s eaeb, to
Mr. Barry, of Casticcor, Cork. Mr. Persse also sold
500 wethers at various prices, averaging 465, and
500 ewes, averaging 31s. Mr. Flood, of near Ardee,
bought 109 ewes, at 38s, and 100 at 355, and 50
hogget wethers at 38s. Mr. Flynn, of Tusk, county
of Roscommon, sold 20 prime ewes at £4 les each,
and some hogget rams at 12 guineas. Mr. Canvr-
ford, of Maynooth, bought 100 wethers from Mr.
Reilly, of Glenamadda, at 355. Mr. Brien, of Mill-
town, sold 50 ewes, at 50s, to Mr. Knox, of Ballina,
and SO at 425, to a buyer from the county of Louth.
Mr. Dignam, of Ballygar, sold a lot of wether
hoggets, at 375, to Mr. Flood. Mr. Parker, of the
firm of Ganly and Parker, sold 70 'ams at prices
varying from £9 to £l5.

GREAT CHESS' MATCH.

Yesterday a match of a somewhat extraordinary
nature, which, for a considerable time past, has been
a subject of much discussion in the chess-playing
world, took place in the large room of the w(11-
known cigar divan in the Strand. Mr. L. Paulson,
a native of Germany, who has passed the last eight
years of his life in America, and brought with him
to this country a great reputation as a chess-player,
had publicly offered to play, blindfolded, 10 games
against 10 gentlemen simultaneously. He had also
announced that, being anxious to contend against
the strongest players, he would challenge any one
in England to try his skill against him, either for
honour or wager. This challenge was responded to
by many more than the prescribed number of anta-
gonists ; but, eventually, it was arranged that the
following should be pitted against the intrepid
Saxon:--

1. Mr. Mackenzie, amateur
2. Mr. Sabouroff, secretary of the Russian Embassy
3. Mr. Maude, member of the London Chess Club
4. Mr. Howard, member of the St. James's Club
5. Mr. Barnes, member of the St. George's Club
6. Mr. Burden, amateur
7. Mr. Campbell, amateur
8. Mr. Robey, amateur
9. Mr. Lamb, amateur
10. Mr. Wormald, hon. see. of the St. James's Club.
At two o'clock in the afternoon, the hour fixed
for opening the campaign, a large assemblage of
visitors had collected in the room, including many
eminent chess-players and lovers of the art, and
several ladies. The tables for the chess-boards
extended along the whole length of the room, the
number of each being indicated by conspicuous
figures, for the information and guidance of the
company. As soon as the ten players had taken
their places, Mr. Paulson ascended a table at the
side of the room amidst encouraging. cheers, and
seated himself upon a chair with his back towards
the chess-boards, which he could by no possibility
see. He is a young man of fair complexion, 22 years
of age, though looking older, tall and slimly built,
with an unusually high, broad, and handsome fore-
head. He first distinguished himself as an adept at
chess in 1857, when he entered the lists at New
York against the celebrated Morphy. On a subse-
quent occasion, while blindfolded, he played simul-
taneously as many as 15 games, and won the great
majority of them. Yesterday he had fewer oppo-
nents arrayed against -laim, but among them were
some amateurs of great reputation, whom the most
practised in the amusement might be proud of van-
quishing, even if in the operation he hod the full
aid of his vision. Soon after two o'clock Mr. Paul-
son began the contest by requesting each of his
antagonists to make the same move, "Kings Pawn
2." No. 1 first replied, and the rest having in their
regular order also done so according to their own
theories or notions of the game, the battle proceeded
very smartly for a considerable time, Mr. Paulson
seldom taking long to deliberate upon the line of
tactics he should adopt. Mr. Kling, the composer
of chess problems, undertook to announce to him the
moves as they were made upon the different boards,
a duty in which he was assisted by Mr. M Ivan,
son of the eminent photographer. Mr. Paul-
eon's marvellous powers of memory soon beta me
apparent, for although the play in some instances
was extremely complicated, and each game varied
from the other, his recollection never seemed to fail
him. Between five and six o'clock he made a mis-
taken move in game No. 7, in which he was opposed
to Mr. Campbell, a very expert and successful
amateur, and he resigned that game. At ten, M.
Sabouroff, his Russian adversary, whose skill he
had rather underrated, achieved a victory. About
this period he went very cautiously to work, once
taking as long as half an hour to deliberate upon a
move ; but then each of his enemies had ample
time for consideration during the interval which
elapsed before his turn to play came round. The
blindfolded champion was also placed at another
and a rather unfair disadvantage, every one of those
against whom he was contending being surrounded
by a knot of persons discussing the appearance of
the board and the various ways in which Mr. Paul-
son could be defeated. At half-past ten Mr. Mac-
kenzie saw he had no chance, and resigned, a result
which was the signal for a loud burst of applause.
Up to this stage the play continued without inter-
mission, but although the room became more
crowded and the atmosphere extremely oppressive,
Mr. Paulson refused any refreshment beyond a
glass of lemonade. Again the game was renewed,
the chances on both sides remaining nearly even,
and the play being throughout splendid. At 20
minutes to one Mr. Robey (No. 8) offered "to draw,"
a proposition which was accepted by Mr. Paulson,
who, however, had the bsst position on the board.
Almost immediately afterwards Mr. Barnes (No.
5) made a similar offer, which was also acceded to.
At one Mr. Lamb (Nov 9) followed Mr. Barnes's
example, and Mr. Paulson also accepted this pro-
posal. This left four games yet to be played, Mr.
Paulson baying lost two and gained one. Another
half hour elapsed, during which intense interest
in the playing was evinced by the now diminished
body of spectators who remained ; asd another an-
tagonist offered a " draw," which was once again
accepted. The game now became " fast and furious,"
and at ten minutes to two Mr. Wormald (No. 10)
tshueggteosutred naa ' draw,"
mocitboldly
dlybudteotlhe
ineudndtoaulnetd
tehlymmgeshotopoof
in that way with all the honours of war, and was
pluck.warmly
Ag rte e
twote m
d forr. this
Wormald a k
soafwh
hisi boldnessoa se was and
pluck. At two Mr. Wormald saw his case was en-
hopeless,aoison,s andsoo
pgoarvtee
rts. mr.
in, greatly
Howardtot he
(No.
delight 4)
of Mr. Paulson's
resolved to " draw," if he were allowed to do so,
and after a little consideration Mr. Paulson accepted
his terms. Consequently there only remained one
game to be played, and tts both sides were now even
the excitement of the evening, it may be readily
imagided, reached its climax. Mr. Paulson and
Mr. Burden (No. 6) only kept possession of the
field, and their skill and chances for a long time
appeared to be very equally balanced. At length,
at 20 minutes past two this morning, Mr. Burden
made a happy move, and was declared victor, the
game having lasted continuously and without break
for more than 12 hours.
Notwithstanding the extraordinary mental effort
on the part of Mr. Paulson during this long spell,
he did not appear much exhausted; and although he
had lost by this one game he was applauded as
energetically as if he had been entirely successful.
During the contest Mr. Buckle, the author of
" The History of Civilisation," who, among his
other qualifications, is a good chess-player ; Mr.
Lowenthal, a popular chess lecturer ; and many
other celebrities, were in the room, and took great
interest in the game.
rorra nogf etnhi eon tdsi
vfacan.
p r oliphrei eat ,thgeamveatscalitibsyfal‘crtiro.nitics'
to theth
numerous company present.e

The Neapolitans favourable to the fallen dynasty
have got up a petition for the restoration of Francis 11.,
which is to be presented to the rowers of Europe.
it , a They
y
have succeeded in canvassinn. twenty-six names for n
the document was taken by one of the number to Rome to
orate every
to submitted to the ex-King.
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LAST NIGHT BUT FOUR OF

1t LFRED-AIE LI,ON'S PROMENADE
CONCERTS

THEATRE ROYAL' COVENT-GARDEN.
114thoven's Battle Piece, and the Comic Orchestral Fantasia
" Three Blind Mice," every Evening."

The Programme this evening will consist of popular Vocal
and Instrumental Music, including Songs, (tc., by Mdlle.
Parepa, Mme. Laura Baxter, and M. Fontanier—Part tiongs
by 400 Members of the National Choral ,Society—Grand Seim-
Hon from La Travlata —Overtures, Dance Music, &c., kc.
Commence at 8. Promenade, is.
Connector, Mr. ALFRED MELLON.

TO-MORROW (Wednesday), for the Benefit of Miss Julia
Woolf, when Beethoven's Concerto in E flat will be per-
formed.

Thursday, nos .ini's STABAT MATER.

Friday, a MONSTER CONCERT, commencing at 7, and
On Saturday (the last night of the Concerts) for the Bene-
fit of Mr. Alfred Mellon.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENT GARDEN.
Under the management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. Wm.
Harrison.
Will OPEN for the Sixth Operatic Season on MONDAY,
October 21st, when will be presented (first time) an entirely
new Opera, by Howard Glover, to be entitled BUY BLAS.
Full particulars in future advertisements.

THEATRE.ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee. Mr. J. 13. Backstop.,
THIS EVEN fNG the performances will commence with
THE BALANCE OF COMFORT.
Atter which, a new Comedy, entitled TILE SOFT SEX
Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buck:Atone, Mr. Compton, Mr. IL Villiers,
Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &c.
With PAUL PR.Y MARRIED AND SETTLED. Paul
Pry (in a new position), Mr. C. Mathews.
To conclude with THE CHRISTENING,
Commence a 7.

UI~YAI, PRINCESS'S THEATRE...-
lA(4sft and Manager, Mr. A. Harris,
THIS EVENING, THE RENDEZVOUS.
After which, a new and original comedy, in five acts, writ-
ten by John Brougham, entitled PLAYING WITH FIRE ;
characters by Mr. John Brougham (his 9th appearance), Mr.
Kyder, Mr. H. Widdicombe, Mr. G. Jordan (of the principal
theatres of the United States, his 9th appearance in Eng-
land), Miss C. Lelciercq, and Mrs. Weston.
With THE GARIBALDI EXCURSIONISTS.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager--Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, A MIDSUMMER'S EVE.
Alter which, at Eight o'clock, the new and success-
ful comedy of WOMAN; or, Love against the World.
tharacters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin,
J. Robins, Mrs. Charles Young, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray,
and Miss Lydia Thomson.
To conclude with AN UNPROTECTED FEMALE, in
which Miss Lydia Thompson will danee a New Volunteer
Quick Step.
Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at
7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 5.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Open for the Winter Season.
THIS EVENING, MUSIC BATH CHARMS. Messrs.
D. Fisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw.
Alter which (245th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr.
D Bandeault, D. Fisher, Billington, S. Emery, Stephenson,
C. .1. Smith. Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boueicault, Miss
Wnolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. H. Lewis.
Toconclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Messrs. Fisher,
Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7.

( IANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS,
AND FINE ARTS GALLERY.
Mr. SAM COWELL every evening at Nine and a quarter
tc Eleven.

Also, Grand Selections from

TROVATORE, TRAVIATA, NORMA, MARTHA, Are.,
By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, Signor Tivoli,
Mr. Morley, and a powerful Chorus.

The Comic department comprises Messrs. Harvey and
French. " The Nerves "—Mr. Marshall—Mr. Wood and his
talented Son—and Miss Harriet Coveney.
Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans.
Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is.