The Sun.
London, England, 1857-06-17 00:00:00

AMERICA.

NEW YORK, JUNE 2.
The heavens have orened for newly a week upon
our muddy streets ctiitheut perceptibly diminishii g
the accumulation of filth. The dogstar tempera-
ture has come long before its time, mosquitoes and
miasma alike fill the air, torrents of rain are suc-
ceeded by hot sunshine, wise sanitarians prophesy
all sorts of disease,,and yet New York retieiitis
dirty and grows fie tier. I wondar that this city lys
not been swept from the face of the earth by some
pestilence long before this. Nothing bet some
awful calamity for which it is reserve.] heidafier
can account for its salvation hie herto. Those
who are accustomed to London, with its ex-
cellent sewers and its well-cleaned streets, can-
not have any idea of the miseries to whiil
the merchants of the Western metropolis are sub-
jected. I believe that there is scarcely ever a
time when the streets are in order. Iu the winer
we are told that it is impossible to remove the
snow ; we wade patiently through the dirty sand,
looking like a crushed tertiary formation—much
worse, however, for our boots—in the hope that
spring will bring relief. Spring comes, with the
March winds and frosts lasting till the m'ddle of
May, and we assent to the impossibility of clearing
accumulations under such eircum-tances. Summer
follows, and we are yet without relief. Should the
yellow fever appear again at the doors, or even the
less dreaded cholera, some effort may be made to-
wards a momentary cleanliness. Unless we have
some such godsend as that there seems to be little
hope of relief. -The condition of things here is be-
yond belief unless actually seen,—even if se n it
seems scarcely credible in a city of the wealth, cul-
ture, and commerce of New York. No other town
in the country is so. English Boston is a model of
cleanliness ; no difficult matter, to be sure, in so
small a space. Philadelphia is reasonably clean,
Baltimore is not dangerous from its dirt, and the
metropolitan city of Washington covers too much
ground to make the matter of its streets and sewers
of mueh consequence, except in a case like that of
the National Hotel. But i>f New York the less said
the better. London, in Gay's time, .must have been
a Paradise to it.
The Arigo carried to you last Saturday the news
of Walker's surrender. The great Filibuster found
it necessary to run, and had toe wis tom to do it in
the right direction. A Government vessel lay conve-
niently in the offing, and after a proper amount of
parley and negotiation the surrender was made on
terms which I enclose. Walker and hes force marched
on board, and the Costa Ricans took possession of
the country which he left. He was tee ted with a
proper degree of consideration by the officer to
whom he surrendered, and is now in New Orleans
receiving the honours of a hero. His brother Fili-
buster, General Henningsen, who is the real mili-
tary man of the whole affair, is iii New York. They
talk about other expeditions, but up to this time
the needful money is wan ing. Fur the last 16
months Walker's downfal has been a question of time
and pluck. His first and great error was in quarrel-
ling with Commodore Vanderbilt. He seized, as you
will rememher, the property of the Transit Com-
pany, in which the Comeio lore was 1 argely,int
rested, and transferred the grant to a n"w company,
of which some of the Commodore's sworn fo s were
the mainstays. The Commodore subsidised Costa
Rica ; and, although Walker received a•d from
others, his downfal may be said to date from the
day when he elected to quarrel with a great New
York capita'ist,, with interests on the Isthmus. His
promulgation of slavery was another rr ason for his
fall. The semi black races of the Isthmus had no
fancy of being brought under the yoke of a race of
professed propagandists of slavery, and united to
expel him. Now that he is out, the disposition of the
victory is another, and by no means so easy a mat-
ter to settle. The quarrel is again transferred to
New York. Here are now three separate grants f,.r
the Nicaragua transit—the old transit grant from
the State of Nicaragua under which the route
was worked lze.fore the seizure of the country by
Walker ; the Walker grant ; and a grant ft ern the
new authorities. The capitalists are struggling
which shall prevail. Could they unite it must prove
profitable, for it is shorter in distance than the
route by Panama, and experience has demonstrated
that the passage can regularly be made in less time.
But, meanwhile, the whole Californian traffic
threatens to be comet Ss profitable. Eastet n capital,
it is said, is withdrawing from Sari Francisco. Two
large capitalists have already mired from that
market, and others are about to fellow. Real
estate has fallen there, the import of goods is dimin-
ishing, and there are various other signs to show
that the prosperity fever has worked itself to a
white heat and is now cooling down. Still the pro-
duction of gold does not sensibly diminish, nor, is
there any present reason to fear that it will do so.
On the contrary, there is reason to believe thset the
increase of quartz-crushing machines will he: eafter
in•.rease the regular production of the pr. cions
metal in a way that can be depended upon. There
seems also to be a disposition, in that remote re-
gion, to pay its debts, if legislative action can be
taken as an exponent of popular feeling. The Legis-
lature have passed .a law legalising the over-issue of
State Bonds, and have directed that the popular
vote be taken upon the question in such a way as
'o almost insure its legalisation. Upon the back of
the "tickets" at the next general election the
voters are to inscsibe wlieeher,teey are for repudia-
tion or for payment. As thd " tickets" for each
patty are printedand issued by a central committee, I
his gives the wire-pullers power to control the mat-
ter. It is said •te be the intention to issue none
except with the light iuscription. If this machinery
works well it may be recommended to the politi-
cians of Mississippi, Florida, and Michigan.
The Arago, on Saturday last, carried out Grelet,
the defau'ting clerk of the Nor- hern Railway of
France. On Thursday the judgment of the com-
missioner upon the long drawn out evidence was
quietly made up and transmitted to Washington.
The return mail brought a warrant from the State
Department for the extradition of the offender.

Resistance was, of course, to be expec,ed in those
days of writs of habeas corpus and injunct'ons. To
insure agains4 these the prif,.ner was put on b ,aril
a tug steamer. lie resisted stoutly, curs,fd and
swore, struck at the office's, screamed, and other-
wise manifested his indisposition to return to that
beautiful country which every Ken lint -n thinks
without a parallel. But the marshal was inexor-
able, put him in irons, and carried him down the
harhour in the s earntug. When the habeas corpus
c Line out from the Star) Courts the prisoner. was in
the offing awaiting the sailing cf the Arago, to
which he was duly transferred; and it is to he hoped
that before this teiches you he will be restored to
the &tams r,f Paris.

The conflict between State and Federal jurisdic-
tions, which was attempte in the case of Greet,
had actually happened in Ohio. The United Stites'
marshal, charged with a ware ant fur the arrest and
examination of certain fugit va slive4, took poses
stun of the walking chattels for th purpos.., of car-
rying them off. The people of the iienglibouih,:o I
interfered, an I the slaves escaped. Then pr ,cess was
sued out against t .oie who ha I aided in the escape,
and they were arrested. This was followed by a
habeas corpus for their recovery The marshal and
his followers forcibly resisted the service of this wilt,
and were taken into custody by the State authori-
ties, and are now confine 1 in gaol awaiting th it
trial for this offence. In the meantime they have
reported to Washington the resistance wish which
the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law was
met, and there tiromises to be a very pretty
little quarrel. I think, but of this lam not quite
sure, that the Sate of Ohio, like sever al of
the Northern Stites, has enacted a stringent 1-tw
for the protection of the persmal liberty of it;
citizens. If se), there may be cons,itotional ques-
tions growing out of this ease as important as those
decided in the famous Dred Scott case. The
Southern Counties of Ohio border upon Kentucky,
a Slave State. The Northern Central counties are
mostly peopled by the descendants of Eastern emi-
grants, and are strongly anii.slavery. In the
conflict of jurisdiction it is therefore likely that the
State authoriti' s will be strongly supported by the
people of the State, and that the world will again
see in Democratic America a law enforced by py-
sical power in a community to which it is extremely
odious.

The brother of the great founder of Mormonism
has coma out with a manifesto against Brigham
Young, charging him with all manner of crimes,
from treason down to petty larceny. The worst of
the charges is that there is every reason to beli-,ve
them true. 2,000 troops are to be sent with the
new governor ; but 2,000 troops are a bagatelle
comp trod with the difficulty to be met and over-
came. There is quartered in the territory of the
Unite) States a force of many thousands hostile to
it in spirit, in re4tion, and in institutions animated
by theocratic fervour, and united by common super-
stition. If we can b-lieve the stories which We receive
from those remote regions, no excesses are too g eat
for public sanction if committed upon those hostile
to the prevailing relig'on. This Government will
make a mistake if it fails to strike an exterminating
blow before the pest grows any worse.
The trip of the Niagara to London seems to be
confessed to be a failure by the press, although some
apologies are offered. A great deal was exp,_o eI of
this vessel. She was taken out of the bands of the
naval architects, and her design and structure in-
trusted to the late Mr. Steers, the builder of the
famous yacht America. It may be Vat she has not
had a fair trial yet, and that she ought to env
her bittery to make her trim for fast sailing ; but
.he must do better than she has yet done to make •
that battery of much use in the peculiar service fur
which she is intended.

ne woman killed, at Ncwburg some time since

turned cut yesterday to have been the wife ()fa
g 111 Atis•acho,!etts, who came to New York
for the &auk) purpose finirigue and plunder, aVj
who met her fate while in pursuit of one or Of
other object.

The telegraph conveys intelligence this morning-
of an election riot in Washington' yesterday utore
serious than anything that has happened for mill
years. A band of rowdies somewhat of the
A
dermin er stamp, came over from. Baltimore to
control the pegs, and when interfered with fire"
upon them ; the troops, in return, fired upon then'.
Bomta seven or eight were killed, and many more
st-trioll.4ly wounded. We also have this morning,, in
the Mraid, Governor Walker's address on enterfug
iipon the duties of his office in Kansas. Previous
letti-rs have anticipa ed Its contents.
There has been somewhat of a rally in
stocks,
since the last packet, but, as compared with some
weeks since, everything is depressed, exhibiling
w int of confidence. Teis reaction consequent ou
the great land speculations of the west is seriousb:
feared, and prudent merchants have been for some
rimy preparing for it.
The suprstitions of Pennsylvania bid fair tcci
rival the spiritual demonstrations of New Engle.%
and the witchcraft demonstrations of Kent. S°l6
six years ago a lady in the intt3rior of that State
died from consumption. Since then, three or fourfs
;
her family having died from the same causes t,JI
survivors became alarmed, and were persuaded uid
their credulous friends that the deceased be
sucked her winding-sheet into her mouth, and t 133
as long as it stayed there some one of her relatives
must follow her. Only on a Sunday could the
thing be righted, and on a Sunday in this mon'
the terrains were exhumed to destroy the 011001
It is needless to say that after so long a burial there
was little left to justify their credulous fears. •