The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-24 00:00:00

NEWSPAPER
STATE OF AFFAIRS Y
s.
—A letter from Warsaw, dated stri 144
funeral of the late Archbishop Fijal
place on the 10th inst. with a pomp befitting so
solemn a ceremony. All the houses in the streets
throng
hwhich the cortege proceeded were covered
With deep black, as well as the whole population of
Warsaw,
which was joined by numbers of gentry
and peasants from the environs, Skierniewice,Lowiez,
and other places, headed by the clergy of their re-
spective parishes. Exactly at 12 o'clock the guard,
composed of the citizens of Warsaw, occupied the
posts assigned to it ; the committee appointed to
manage the funeral having obtained a uromise from
the authorities that neither army nor police should
interfere in
Doubtlessyoukeeping
hwe orderknow
hythe on that day.
telegrams
how
the
various guilds and institutions followed one another,
and the tranquillity was not for one moment dis-
turbed, though the funeral procession could not
have numbered less than 130,000 persons. All the
church flags bsre on them the Polish national arms
—viz., the white eagle and the horseman. The
nobles and the peasants walked hand-in-hand. The
funeral cortege started at 3.30 p.m. from the arch-
bishop's palace, and only reached the St. John's
Cathedral at 6.30. The foreign consuls, English and
French, took part in the sad ceremony, and joined
it on the Saxon-place ; au also the Protestant and
Jewish congregations, with every symptom of pro-
found and fervent sorrow. The body of the arch-
bishop was carried in turns by the clergy, the pea-
sants, artisans, Government officials, students, and
Jews. It is necessary to mention that neither
Count Lambert nor the Marquis Wielopolski was
to be seen, although several Russian generals
were present. After having deposited the coffin
with the body of the archbishop on a superb
catafalque, every one returned home in the most
orderly manner, the peasants having been taken
care of by the citizens and nobles, who lodged
them and entertained them hospitably until the
next day, when they were conducted to a place
assigned for them 'by the funeral committee. It
was difficult to accommodate all the peasants in
the church, they therefore desired to go to the
cemetery of Powazki, in order to visit the tombs of "
their brethren is ho were slaughtered on the 27th
rueanrgyedlaisat.theFoerhutrhehis
epfutrpoowseazakina, aasnsdh,
toad
bofeeFneabrr
avoid being seen by the.-attho' rifies, they were
taken in groups of 20 each„, 'After the service was
over they sang religions s hymns, in which the
clergy joined. To our agreeable surprise the pea-
santry expressed a wish to see also the tomb of
those murdered on the Bth of April last, whom the
authorities had secretly buried in a large hole dug
up at the end of the cemetery, and which contain-
ing about 1,200 persons, was only recently dis-
covered. This brotherly love has deeply moved
the hearts of those present, the whole of the pea,
sentry having been horrified and shed bitter tears,
full of despair, invoking the help of the Almighty,
that he may put a stop to the barbarities of the
Russian Government. The priest then giving a
blessing, encouraged the people to place theirhopcs
in God, to practise brotherly love, and to persevere,
as the only means of remedying the future evils.
The inhabitants then dispersed, and the peasants
with the clergy remained in the cemetery, when a
short sermon was preached on the love of the
country, after which part of the peasants proceeded
to the European Hotel, and the other portion to the
Vienna Hotel, near the railway station, where a
dinner had been prepared for them, and they were
waited upon by the nobles, citizens, students, and
Jews.' The dinner was good without display, and
the beverages consisted of beer and mead. During
dinner speeches were made suitable to the present
circumstances of the country by the nobles and
peasants; after which the citizens of the European
Hotel conveyed the peasants to the railway, no
excess whatever having occurred. The peasants
having unfurled the flag with the Polish arms upon
it which they carried at the funeral, they struck up
the Polish national religious hymn, and thus de-
parted, leaving behind them the regrets of all.
On the same day was celebrated, in the town of
Horodlo, the national anniversary of the union of
Poland with Lithuania. The Government having
been apprised of the intended ceremony sent Gen.
Chruszczew, who surrounded the town with an
army, and declared that no assembly whatever
would be permitted. However, this threat was of
no avail, as all the delegates (though the high road
to Lublin was stopped) had arrived by various by-
ways near Horodlo, with the exception of Ruthe-
nian deputies, who were not allowed to cross the
river Bug, though they were eyewitnesses from
the opposite bank. The meeting, which was com-
posed of about 6,000 persons, determined, even at
the sacrifice of blood, to reach Horodlo, and was
proceeding slowly, headed by the clergy. General
Chruszczew, seeing them approaching,. advanced
towards them with his aide-de-camp, and informed
the procession that on no account would he suffer
them to enter the town ; to which he received a very
polite but energetic answer, that whatever might
happen the anniversary of such a day must be cele-
brated. On reaching the top of the hill in view of
Horodlo, General Chruszczew repeated his order
that they should not enter the church, intimating
to them whether they could not on this very spot
perform the ceremony as well as in the church. He
was then told that they had not the necessary
church requisites. The General ordered them to
be supplied from the church of Horodlo, and the
ceremony of the union was effected. A protest
against the partition of Poland was then drawn up
and signed.
Those two manifestations have, it appears, called
forth the order of placing the Kingdom of Poland
in a state of siege, which was done on the 14th inst.
We who from the year 1831 feel to be always in
the same condition do not experience the slightest
impression. From Monday, then, the streets of
Warsaw are full of encampments of drunken sol-
diers and a domineering military authority. It
had been announced that on the 15th inst. the anni-
versary of the death of Kosciuszko should be cele-
brated; and on the 14th an order was issued pro-
hibiting the shops being closed under a penalty of
100 roubles. The merchants, well knowing the
, feeling of a despairing nation, were aware that
they could not conform to this order, and all
the shops and manufactories were closed. About
10 a.m. the people assembled in the churches
of St. John, the Bernardins, the Holy Cross, and
ycotinhe-
tmh
een Itc
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hmeesres ,
cahnudr e
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es s
weresoon
greatest confusion
soldiery. The
surroundedprayers
habd
children,pre-
vailed
and wives for their husbands, and all who
everywhere; mothers were looking for their
came out of the churches were immediately arrested
by the soldiers. In the midst of the confusion a
troop of Cossacks and Circassians were let out upon
the people, whom they trod under foot and struck
with their whips and pikes. It was with the utmost
difficulty that I made my way through the streets ;
the larger ones were completely blocked, and the
smaller filled with drunken Cossacks galloping
madly along. Two of them fell from their horses
before my eyes and narrowly escaped being trodden
to death. When I reached Senator-street I was
again stopped by a battalion of infantry, which was
charging at the double and striking with the butts
of the muskets at the people whom the Cossacks
were driving before them from the opposite direc-
tion. True, there was no firing; but everything in
the way of injury and outrage short of that wins
perpetrated by the drunken soldiery on the people.
The Rev. Mr. Otto was beaten with sticks before
the Post-office, and a lame man, who washurrr
hnigs
home, was struck by an officer of Cossacks wtm
i
The ost
stick in the open street before my e
came
of the Reformers,
hwuerr
arrested as they
the Holy Cross. Those
is othershof the
brutal language was everywhefee used h
their y
ruffians to every lady that c
twheasye.
Several took refuge in the c
came out of the church
churches of the Bernal dins arid
who were
Three priests and
in the chum
shut up
re
St. John came off theworst, as they we
from 10 o'clockyesterday
Themorning tillhalf-pastthe s galloping of horses
and drunken the the oaths of the troops fill city.
Numbers are missing, and it is impossible for their
relations to ascertain their fate.
The insincerity of the Government in promising
us reforms is evident from the fact, that it has sent
numerous agents about the country to excite the
peasants against their landlords.