The Sun.
London, England, 1857-05-16 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 16, 1857

not merely as to matters of fact, but to questions
of law, to declare that no foreign prince, person,
prelate, state, or potentate, hath or ought to have
any jurisdiction, power, superiority, pre-eminence,
authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this
realm. Now that is simply a matter of opinion.
We know that such pre-eminence and autho-
rity, is not only actually claimed, but ex-
ercised, and although we ourselves may not
recognise it, it is effectual with a numerous body
of our fellow-citizens. It is, therefore, something
more than a mere oath of supererogation, and we
regret that Lord PALMERSTON should have in-
grafted it on that which he proposes to retain.

There can be no possible difference of opinion
as to that portion of the oath that refers to the
descendants of the " Pretender," as he wal
formerly termed, or in other words, the son of
JAMES 11. It is notorious that there are no
such persons in existence ; and, as Lord PALMER-.
STON remarked, we might as well " for all prac-
tical purposes abjure our belief in the Heptarchy."
This is, indeed, " frivolous swearing," and every
honourable gentleman who has been called upon
to pledge his faith to such absurdities, must be
desirous to abate the social nuisance.

We should have been better pleased if Lord
PALMERSTON had proposed altogether to do away
with oaths. They are, in fact, merely snares for
tender consciences. Those who may be excluded
are precisely the very men whose services would
be most valuable to the community at large. Tie
title of our Most Gracious SOVEREIGN to the
sceptre which she wields with so much credit to
herself and advantage to the community at large
rests on too firm a basis to require such props, and
we believe that no person who dared to contem-
plate any disturbance, either to the present occu-
pant of the Throne or her lawful successors, would
be deterred by such "airy nothings" as the pre-
sent forms. There are, unquestionably, matters
in which oaths are indispensible ; and since the
leading case of OMICEIIIND V. BIRKER, it has been
wisely held that they should be taken in the
form which the party declares to be most
binding on his conscience. He who invokes
the DEITY to witness the truth and accuracy
of his statement would, if an honest man,
detail the matters within his knowledge on a simple
declaration, and if a dishoneSt one would merely
regard the temporal penalties attached to wilful
and corrupt perjury.
But whatever value may be attached to the
adjuration, it is obvious that it must be
diminished by constant repetition. There is
much truth in the copybook aphorism, that
"familiarity breeds contempt ;" and what is
almost of daily oceurrenco ceases to exercise any
fnfluence over the imagination. We all know the
utter failure of what were designated as Custom-
house oaths. The swearing did not in the
slightest degree interfere with the illegal traffic,
which flourished the more because the impious
forms were substituted for more salutary means
of repression. The Coast Guard has done more
to check smuggling than all the oaths that ever
were framed. And landlords may repose far
greater faith in the various powers granted by
law for enforcing their rants, than if authorised
to administer an oath to each tenant that he would
duly liquidate the demand on each successive
quarter day.
The Jew question has been long since ex-
hausted. It is manifest that those who possess
such large stakes in the welfare and prosperity of
the country-, would be the last to encourage, or
sanction any disturbance that might depreciate
the value of their property. They have been
tried in almost every capacity, and not found
wanting. They have been exemplary jurors and
magistrates, good husbands and fathers, and per-
formed their parts in the social drama with credit
to themselves, and benefit to the nation. When the
exigencies of the Exchequer required pecuniary
aid, it was a Jew that came forward and placed
his vast wealth and almost boundless resources at
the service of the State, and contracted for the
loan on more favourable arms than could other-
wise have been obtained. Away, then, with
the cant of bigotry and intolerance,
which, under the mask of caution, pre-
tends that such men can't be trusted. Setting
aside "the Oaths" question—and that alone
should ensure the success of the measure—it
ought, as a matter of jthtice to our Jewish
fellow-subjects, to be carried- by acclamation, sa
that, as far as civil and religious liborry is con-
cerned, the last blot (save one—that of marriage
with a deceased wife's sister) might be removed
from the national statute-book.

An important meeting was held yesterday in
the Mansion-house of the City of London, in re-
ference to Sir GEORGE GREY'S new Bill in regard
to Penal Servitude. It was a meeting which was
considered by all present to be one of such
icr-
portance that (unusual though it might be under
the circumstances) it was brought to a temporary
conclusion by an adjournment. The Lord Mayor,
as a matter of course, was the Chairman. And
almost equally as a matter of course there appeared
conspicuously among the number of those who
addressed themselves to the consideration of the
vitally important subject under discussion, two
men who have long been labouring more strenu-
! ously, perhaps, than any other to work out the
problem to its solution—Mr. CHARLES PEARSON,
the City Solicitor, and Mr. DAVENPORT HILL, the
Recorder of Birmingham. Elsewhere in our im-
pression of this evening will be found a detailed
report of yesterday's proceedings in reference to
this new Measure, which is now in rapid
course of being transformed into an Enact-
ment. A mere evasion of the difficulty,
we have already in these columns shown that new
measure to be—so obviously a mere evasion, that
it may be described with literal accuracy as an
almost unconditional transference of the enormous
existing responsibility from the Legislature to the
Home Secretary. Therefore, clearly and undeni-
atly a legitimate subject for extra-Parliamentary
scrutiny, before so very vague and hastily con-
cocted a project shall have been passed through
its remaining stages in the Legislature. The
avowed objects of the meeting as expressed in the
very terms in which it was convened, were to
consider the propriety of petitioning Parliament to
introduce into Sir GEORGE GREY'S new bill on
Penal Servitude, clauses materially altering the
effect of its operation. Clauses, firstly, " To
confiscate and apply to productive uses, the
labour, skill, and industrial powers of all
criminals, during the full period of their sen-
tences :" To empower the Home
Secretary-, in cert4in ease!, to substitute for fixed
periods of imprisonment and transportation, a
proportionate number of hours of labour, to be
performed by convicted criminals in this country ,

Lord PALMERSTON has gracefully apologised t)
Lord JOHN RUSSELL for taking out of his hands
an important question with which his name has
been peculiarly associated, and to which he has
devoted much time and attention. The great fa-
cilities possessed by the G-overnmeut for carryinr,
any bill to a satisfactory termination, are, how•
ever, so notorious that it scarcely required the
recognition of the Noble Member for the City of
London, to be assured that he would willingly
transfer what might almost be termed his "
right," to the Premier! Mr. nENRY BERKELEY
would feel grateful for a similar act in reference
to " the ballot," and even thankfully relinquish
his paramount claims on that important
point. In like manner we may venture
to speak of the Marriages Ailluities Bill and others
which have obtained a locus standi in Parliament,
and been repeatedly sanctioned by large majo-
rities in the representative branch of the Legisla-
ture ! The Honourable Gentlemen whose re-
spective names are cratably connected with
those various propositions wiil unhesitatingly
surrender their leadership to the tried and expt -
rieneed general, whose very name will give an
assurance of, complete and signal triumph.

It le not, however, merely a " Jewish Relief

Bill " which Lord PALMERSTON has introduced. or in the colonies, as considerations of economy
Ho intends to remove a serious stain from and expediency may dictate :" thirdly—" To
the National Statute B)ok—to abolish un- provide in all cases fur the moral and religious
necessary and almoit impious forms ! We are instruction of each criminal, with an allowance of
told on the highest authority that "The LORD will j food, bodily comfort, rest, and recreation, corre-
not hold him guiltless, who taketh his name in sponding in character and amount with his con-
vain 1" And yet that awful name is wantonly duct and industry in confinement, so as to excite
invoked. Persons are required before they can motives, powers, and habits of industry, self-re-
discharge the important duties confided to their liance, and self-control, .and thus render criminals
charge, by th© deliberate choice of influential and the voluntary instruments of their maintenance,
privileged bodies of their fellow subjects, to swear punishment, reformation, and release." These

boldly indicated and clearly expressed suggestions
really and truly contain within theta the gist of
the popular aspirations in relation to the whole
scheme of our criminal legislation. Rapidly
hinted under theses three headings, they were
aft rwards elaborated in four well-considered re-
solutions, proposed by Mr. DAYMPORT HILL,
and seconded by Mr. GEORGE CRIIIKSHANK.
The adoption of these resolutions, we are
satisfied, was only postponed by the ad-
journment. That adjournment, we believe,
will prove to have been only preparatory to their
more earnest and cordial acceptance ; for the
resolutions themselves are, in truth, most dis-
tinctly expressive of thoughts and hopes long
cherished upon this vital question in the Popular
Heart. They mean—only they express their
meaning in mere conventional language—precisely
what a very blunt and a very snubbed amend-
ment (proposed yesterday, but not seconded) de-
clared to be its meaning, point blank !—namely,
that with a view to constrain men into habits
conducive to self-denying industry, and to deter
them from robbery and violence, Criminal Disci-
pline should be based on these two •Principles—
Firstly, "in respect of food, clothing, and all
bodily comforts, they should be made less desirable
than those which honest men enjoyed—who sup-
ported themselves and families by labour ; and,
secondly, that the practical result of all that had
been done for the criminal was to.place him in a
better condition than the self-supporting labourer;
and, therefore, the encouragement given to crime
was attended with the most disastrous results, and
disgraceful to a Christian and civilised nation."
Just a trifle too plain spbken, Mr. ELLIOTT—onIy
too plain spoken We all of us believe precisely
what you say—but it won't do to say so in plain
terms and without a little amiable and courtly
circumlocutiOn. Wherefore—of course—as we
have said, the amendment was not even seconded;
but was coolly allowed to pass sub silentio. For-
tunately, the original resolutions enunciated,
however, the very same truths in other Words=
words not so rudely exact perhaps, but quite as
significant. It could hardly have been otherwise,
in ftcl-, for the feeling upon this subject through-
out the country is earnest and all but unanimous.

The Earl of MAL3IESBURY actually grudges
12,0001. or 16,0001. expended in the improve-
ment of St. James's Park, but with admirable
consistency cannot find it in his heart to regret
76,000,0001., or call it in round terms,
100,000,0001. sterling squandered—to no avail
whatever—upon the late sanguinary war with
Russia ! The Noble Earl, when he talks as he
talked last evening in the House of Lords, is nei-
ther extending his popularity nor elevating his
reputation. He was a vast deal better as Foreign
Secretary, than he is now under the weight of his
self-imposed responsibility, as Censor of the
Minister of Public Works. It is very waggish,
but at the same time very churlish, to sneer at
Sir B. Uii.i, as BENJAMIN the Magnificent I It
is sclrely fair to create a pother about 1,0001. hav-
ing been wasted upon the cleaning of CHARLES L's
statue at Charing-cross, when, as the President of
the Council explained in one brief sentence imme-
diately afterwards, 501. covered the whole expense
of that very requisite operation ! But "to return
to our mutton"—about St. James's-park, and the
projected (some of them the partially-completed)
improvements ! Lord MALMESBURY wants to
know the precise object of them, and, beyond
this, their probable cost when finished. Well,
he has his answer. The probable cost will be
" under" 11,500/. The precise object of the
works in progress, as their designation has inti-
mated from the first, is that of " Improvement."
A. most legitimate object, we say—and a most
moderate expenditure. Really, -if we went. upon
the old cheese-paring system to which Lord
MALMESBURY appears desirous to see the nation
revert—we should then, if you like, talk as the Noble
E trl Wks now, about waste of the public money
, and extravagance of expenditure. For in that
case we should have a very fair prospect of wit-
nessing the erection of another National Gallery,
surmounted with vinegar cruets and pepper
castors ! And we should probably see some new
statuesque abomination take its stand upon the
vacant pedest sl in the north-west corner of
Trafalgar-square—a monstrosity from some stone-
cutter's yard, worthy of vieing with three of the
• Lou ion Royal St dues, which (thank Heaven) are
nowadays nowhere to be found " frightening the
id) from its propriety" in our public thorough-
fares ! I. The statue of CHARLES 11. that for-
merly stood in the centre of a " charmed ring"
of dead cats in the middle of Leicester-square--
and which the Member for Bodmin has
been so extremely good-natured as to re-
move out of public sight ! 11. The statue
of GEORGE IV., formerly straddling, with his
feet very wide apart, at King's-cross, to
the hOrror of all the more discerning omnibus
horses traversing the purlieus of Battle-bridge
111. The statue of Her Most Gracious MAJESTY,
once disloyally erected in Victoria-square, Pim-
lico, in close contiguity to the town palace of the
very Sovereign that treasonous bit of masonry
caricatured ! Sixpence spent upon statues like
those, or upon public edifices like the present
National Gallery, or upon the " things" in front
of it, the squirts of water having the extreme
impudence to call themselves fountains
sixpence expended upon Works such as
these, we do call waste of the public
money, and extravagance of expenditure. But
we do not, by any means, apply the
same phrase to an odd million or so spent upon
the New Palace of the Legislature 'at West-
minster ; or to a fifty pound note paid for the
cleaning of CHARLE3 ra equestrian statue near
Northumberland House ; or to a few thousands
sunk in such improvements 'as those which are
now going on in St. James's Park, one of the
principal pleasure-gardens of the people of Lon-
don. We call this a rational and judicious em-
ployment of the public money, not a squandering
of it.

Her Majesty held a Privy Conuoil this (Saturday)
afternoon, at Osborne, Isle of Wight.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended
by Sir Richard Airey, left town yesterday morning for
Hiderehot, where the troops encamped had a grand field-
dav ; after witnessing which his Royal Highness returned
0 London. No notice having been given of the field-day,
few civilians were present.
His Excellency the Ambvsador of France and the
Countess .Persiguy return to town this evening from

Paris.
Tilz LATE DUCHESS OF GLOCEBTER. —A supplement
to Tuesday's Gazette was published yesterday containing
an official account of the ceremonial observed at the in-
terment of the remains of the late Duchess of Glooester
at Windsor on the Bth inst.

Toe Marcpis To rinihend and Viscount Raynham
have arr►ved in town for the purpose of attending to
their Parliamentary duties. The Marchioness will not
return to town this season.

Frances Countess Waldegrave has issued cards for a

concert on the 29th inst.
-Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile have arrived at
Claridge's Hotel, Brook-street, for the season.

Lady Sykes' ball takes place on Friday, the 221 inst.,
to which day all invitations for Monday, the 18.1 inst.,
are transferred.

Sir Glynne and Lady Welby and family have arrived
at ther residence in Upper Be!grave-street, from Denton
Hall, Lincolnshire, for the wagon.
The Earl and Countess of Portariington arrived in
town a few days since from Emo Park, Ireland, for the

season. His lordship has taken a house in GrOsveuor-

street.

THE DtrKE DEvoNsaua.—We are gratified to
have it in our power to contradict the statement freely
circulated by many of the jsurnals, that the Duke of
Devonshire is suffering from impaired health. His
grace is in the possession of excellent health, and we
rejoice to say is almost daily receiving select dinner
parties at his palatial villa at Chiswick. Indeed the
noble duke has never, since his attack of paralysis a few

years back, been in more perfect health.
INDIA-ROUSE.—On Wedesday last, the 13th inst., a
Court of Directors was held at the East India-house,
when Captain George Greville Wellesley, R N., C 8.,
was sworn in Commander•in-Chief of the Indian Navy.
LIVERPOOL, May 15.—The auxiliary screw steamship
Royal Charter, Captain Taylor, WAR cleared by the emi-
gration officers to-day, aed she will take her departure
at an early hour in the morning for Melbourne, with 460
passengers, a large cargo of valuable goods, and a ship
letter mail on board.

THE TRIAL OF MISS MADELINE SMITH.—We learn
that the trial of Miss Madeline Smith on the charge of
poisoning M. L'Angellier will not take place during the
sittings of the High Court text month, and that, owing
to the difficulties attending the investigation, it is pro-
bable that the case will not come on till July.—Scotsman.
SALE OF A HIGHLAND ESTATE.—The finely-situated
Highland'estate of Muirton, in Rose-shire, the property
of the late W. Mackei:zie, E.q., bas been purchased by
R. Ainslie, Esq., of Elvingston, a sportsman well-known
in the Highlands.—The purchase price, we believe, was
20, 5001.—Inverness Advertiser.

A CURIOUS MISTAKR.—A crowded audience assembled
in Dundee, a few evenings ago, to hear Mr. Henry
Mayhew lecture upon the " Oddities of the London

streets." Mr. Mayhew did not appear ; but, late at
night, a telegraphic message was received from him, in
which he said, "By mistake I have come to Aherdeen."
MELANCHOLY SUICIDE AT CAMBERWELL.---0 a Ttlu rsday
Mr. W. Carter, the coroner for Eist Surrey, held an
inquest at the Marlborough Arms, Camberwell, on; the
bodybf Thomas Dale, a boot and shoemaker, carrying
on business at No. 4, South-street, in the same parish,
who committed suicide by hanging himself in the back
kitchen. Verdict—lasanity.
TIE FAILURE II SOUTIZNYABIL—With regard to the
failure mentioned on Thursday of Messrs. Barker and Co.,
of Southwark, it is stated that, although they were de-
scribed as timber and stave merchants, they have not
been in that trade for more than two years past, their
business having been then purchased by Messrs. H. and
It. Fowler. Messrs. Barker's liabilities, it appears,
amount to 70,0001.
REDUCTION OF POSTAGE ON LETTERS TO THE CAPE

OF GOOD HOPE.—On the let of June next the postage
open letters conveyed either by packet or by private
ship, between the United Kingdom and the Cape of Good
Hope, will be reduced to the following combined British
and Colonial rates :—For a letter not exceeding 4 oz. in
weight 6 1., ditto, exceeding 4 oz. and not exceeding 1 oz.
ls., ditto exceeding 1 oz. and not exceeding 2 oz. 25., and
so on, increasing ls. for every additional ounce or frac-
tion of an ounce.

STATE OF TRADE.—MANCHESTER, May 15.—The mar.
ket has shown little, if any, improvement this morning,
the sales of cloth having been on a very limited scale
and prices being maintained with difficulty, though
there is more steadiness than last week. The difficulty
of making sales applies to nearly all classes of cloth.
In yarns there is rather more business. There are no
important sales in any one class, but the demand applies
to most kinds of mule and water, both for home con-
sumption and export.
THE LATE OXFORD CITY ELECTION.—A large and
influential meeting of the friends and supporters of the
Right Hon. Edward Cardwell was held yesterday (Fri-
day), at the Star Hotel, Oxford, to decide upon the pro-
priety of presenting a petition to the House of Commons,
complaining of the return of Mr. Langston and Mr.
Neate, at the late election. A committee, consisting of
seven of Mr. Cardwell's principal supporters, was ap-
pointed to superintend the drawing up of the petition,
which must be presented to the Mouse of Commons on
or before Wednesday next.
"UNITED STATES AND BRAZILIAN MAILS.—LIVERPOOL,
Friday.—The Royal Mail steamship, Arabia, Captain
James Stone, will sail to-morrow afternoon for New
York, with the usual mails and passengers. Lettters
must be posted here before noon, with late fees until
1 p.m. and the receiving house on the landing stage will
finally close at 2 p.m. The screw steamship Celt, Cap-
tain Cook, will sail to-morrow afternoon forPernambuco,
Bahia, and Rio Janeiro. She will carrry_ a sealed mail,
letters for which must be posted here before noon, and
with late fees before 12.30 p.m. to-morrow.
A review of the D Division of police took place yes-
terday in Regent's park. The different companies were
drilled by their inspectors •, Messrs. Jackson, Macleod,
Branscombe, O'Brien, and Grant, and each company
went through the drill process of "Stand at ease,"
"Attention," and "As you were ;" and after this they
formed into close column, open column, and then in line,
&c. The whole of the movements, as stated by some of
the Chelsea Pensioners, who bad been under drill in an
other part of the park, were done in a very creditable
manner.
SECONDARY PIINISHUENT.—Yesterday, a public meet-
ing was, on the invitation of the Lord Mayor, held in the
Egyptian Hall, Mansion-house, for the purpose of con-
sidering the provisions of Sir George Gray's Transporta-
tion Bill. The Lord Mayor presided. Resolutions to
the effect that it was desirable to introduce clauses into
Sir G. Grey's Transportation Amendment Bill, now
before the House of Commons, empowering the Secretary
of State for the Home Department in certain cases to
substitute for fixed periods of imprisonment and trans-
portat on a proportionate number of hours of labour to
be performed by convicted criminals in this country or
in the colonies, as considerations of economy and expe-
diency may dictate, were, unanimously agreed to. •
HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—The powerful company
of the establishment has been marshalled in the follow-
ing manner for next week :—Oa Monday, May 18th,
alt the artistes appear at Mrs. Anderson's Grand Morn-
ing Concert. The artistes include Piccolomini, Spezia,
Ortolani, and Alboni; the famour tenor, Giuglini;
Vieletti, the great basso ; and the two favourites, Bel-
letti and Beneventano. On Tuesday, 19th, the " Figlia
del Reggimeuto," with Piccolomini as the fascinating
Maria, and Belletti as the Serjeant. Thursday, 21st,
" La Traviata," with Piccolomini as the heroine, and
Giuglini and Beneventano. Saturday, 23d, "I 1 Trova
tore," in which Spezia, Alboni, Giuglini, Beneventano,
and Vialetti will appear. And on each night the new
balletwillb
phalanx.egiven, with all the resources of the
Terpsichorean
NARROW ESCAPE OF HER MAJESTY'S SHIP Ex-
MialeTll.—About 10 a.m. on Tuesday last, there being a
very dense fog, her Majesty's ship Exmouth, 92 guns,
with 800 men from Lisbon, was slowly sailing up Chan-
nel with a south-west wind. Off Gewgrease, or Soap-
rock Cove, between Prarlanack Head and liCyzence (not
far from the Lizard) she came so close to the land that
the crew fired several guns for assistance. Although
the ship could not be seen, the guns were heard by
S imuel Hitching, a crabber, who went on board and gave
teem valuable aid iu a position of great danger, as the
ship was not far west of the "Stag" and " Man-of War"
Rocks. After an hour's getting up of steam the ship
proceeded on her course, leaving her anchors behind,
and having, it is said, struck the ground several times,
' but without injury. It is reported that the captain left
a letter with Hitchens for the Admiralty, who, see deubt,
will reward him for his services.
METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS.—Yesterday this
boarct was informed at its meeting, by a letter from the
office of the First Commissioner of Works, that the three
gentlemen appointed by him to consider on the main
drainage scheme of the Board of Works will not be able
to present their report before the end of next month.
The reasons assigned for this delay are'the large number
of plans to be examined, the variety and extent of data
to be collected, and the necessity of prosecuting original
experiments, as well chemical as bydronamic. After the
reading of the communisation conveying this intelligence,
it was moved that the letter be entered on the minutes,
and that Sir B. Hall should be thanked for sending it.
To this an amendment was moved that the communica-
tion be simply acknowledged. A warm discussion took
place, Mr. H. L. Taylor denouncing the course taken by
Sir B. Hall as " the unprincipled conduct of the most
unprincipled man in Eogland." On a division the mo-
tion was carried by 17 to 14 votes.
THE CASE OF STARVATION AT RATCLIFF.—The in-
quest on Patrick Driscoll, who, it was alleged, had died
from neglect and starvation, was resumed yesterday
morning. It was given in evidence at the former in-
' quiry that Mr. Stephenson, the medical officer, refused,
or neglected to give, the starving man an order for meat. After a very prolonged inquiry yesterday, the jury re-
' turned the following verdict :—" The jury are of opinion
that death was caused by bronchitis, and that, accele-
rated by the exertion he (the deceased) used in proceed-
ing to the workhouse while in a state of great t xhaus-
time, gauged by the order of Mr. Stephenson, one of the
medical officers of the Stepney nnion ; and the jury are
of °pink n that Mr. Stephenson was guilty of great
l neglect in not visiting the deceased at his own home
instead of sending him to the workhouse while be was in
a state o f prostration, which was highly reprehensible
and dose rving of censure; and the jury are also of opi-
nion the t the circumstances of the case should be laid
before t he board of guardians of the Stepney union, and
that the summoning officer is deserving of great credit."
A Foy KILLED BY LEECHES.—At the village of
Ment!.gny la Mare, near Paris, M. Languid, a drug-
gist, 'lately established a nursery of leeches, for medical
purposes, in a marsh or pond, where he was accustomed
to fried them by diiiing an old worn-out horse, pure
charred at a knacker's yard, every morning into the
mu ddy water, and allowing the leeches to fix and gorge
theemselves with blood at, the expense of the horses's
lel V. His son, a boy of 13, used to ride the horse into
the pond ; but a few days ago, the boy having gone
al me upon that errand, the family were terrified by the
h• nee coming back without its rider ; its legs were bleed-
ireg profusely and covered with leeches that stuck to
their prey. People went to the pond to look for the
c hild, aud found him immersed there, struggling feebly
4. o extricate himself Irons the mire, and to defend hims'elf
f nom the hundreds of voracious creatures which had
trawled under his clothes (for he wore no shoes or stock-
ings), and bad fixed upon every part of his body. He
had probably been thrown off the horse's back by the
restlessness of the tormented animal. The poor boy
'was quite exhausted and speechless when he was got
rout, and died in a few hours.