The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-20 00:00:00

the senator who had been employed to conduct uni•

vernal suffrage in Savoy and Nice
One or two things more should be cor sidered.
Though England cannot be invaded now, Sardinia
might ; and we all know that the naval prepara-
tions of France have been kept up on the same
scale as before. Could it surprise any one if Eng-
land should be first invaded in Sardinia ; and if
GARIBALDI should see some morning, from his
rock-island dwelling, a large French fleet steaming
into the harbour of Maddalena—the admiration of
NELSON—landing a force, erecting works, and—the
rest we need not follow. Again, there is Rome.
The EMPEROR has told us that he means to have
guarantees before he leaves it that the interests
which took France there are secure. Obviously he
can make that word mean anything he pleases.; and
if convenient, it might mean that in Sardinia the
French would be able to watch the capital of Italy
and its Universal Bishop, to their own satisfaction.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S answer must be regarded
as on the whole satisfactory. He declines to fur-
nish the further papers asked for, which denial we,
of course, may interpret as we please, and we do
not imagine that we, or our readers, can be far
wrong in our conjectures. At present what Lord
JOHN RUSSELL says to Europe, through the
British House of Commons, is—" With regard to

the question of the island of Sardinia, I entirely
admit the great importance of that island, and I
have stated in despatches and have repeatedly ex-
pressed in this house observations to the effect that
the annexation of the island of Sardinia to France
would be a great disturbaEce of territorial power in
Europe, and one which would affect the distribu-
tion of power in the Mediterranean. We must

put in the balance the very grave consequences
that must follow from any attempt on the part of
France to annex the islsnd of Sardinia. It would be
not merely a transaction between the Emperor of
the FRENCH and the King of SARDINIA, it must
put an end at once to any intimate alliance between
this country and France. Although I admit that
the importance of Sardinia to France would be

considerable, it is not my opinion that the Emperor

of the FRENCH will attempt to annex that island
in the face of the grave consequences which must
follow such an act. One intimation, however, made
by his lordship will probably have by far the
greatest weight as a counter-check ; he does not
distrust the EMPEROR'S present peaceful intentions,
he seems to think even that he might prefer to
remain at peace when his people were eager for war;
but he calls on this country to be prepared for such
changes of opinion in France. Mr. BRIGHT, we
doubt not, will think the following sadly wicked.
" The Emperor of FRANCE is very powerful, every
one can see his great power, but at the same time
we are not perfectly sure but that if it were his in-
tention, as I believe it is, to preserve the peace of
Europe, and remain on the most friendly terms
with this country— I am not sure, I cannot rest in
perfect confidence in the belief that the state of li
public opinion in France, in the French Chamber,
or the French army, might not in the most sudden
manner alter his whole policy. I think we should
be very unwise if we rested in security that such an
event might not happen."
We believe Lord JOHN has about hit the precise
truth. Louis NAPOLEON desires above all things
to transmit a quiet inheritance to his little boy ; he
has no personal quarrel with England, rather the
contrary ; but France must be purchased for " his
dynasty" at any cost ; and if the cost should be the
annexation of Sardinia and a quarrel with England,
to keep his place for his son would be worth ten
great wars. What is the blood of thousands if shed
. to keep the NAPOLEONS on the throne of France ?

Another discussion in the English Parliament
about the wrongs of Poland ! A noble panegyric
pronounced by the lips of the venerable ex-Chan-
cellor Lord BROUGHAM upon the memory of the
still more venerable Prince ADAM CZARTORYSKI!
An earnest appeal to the sympathies of the House
of Peers, and through them of the country generally,
in behalf of the outraged nationality of Poland,
an appeal addressed to the House and to the
country by the brother-in-law of the most chival-
rous and persevering champion the Polish people
ever possessed in these islands, in fact out of the
boundary of their own divided territories—the
late Lord DUDLEY COUTTS STUART !

It was consequent upon the motion made in the
House of Peers last evening, according to notice, by
the Earl of HARROWBY, to the effect—" That an hum-
ble address be presented to her MAJESTY, for copies
or extracts of all correspondence which passed in the
years 1831 and 1832 between the Government of
Great Britain and those of Russia and
,
other countries on the subject of Poland"—that
there arose the interesting debate which took place
yesterday upon this subject, " ever fresh and ever
new," in the Upper House of the English Parlia-
ment. Although nothing further had come of it
than the eliciting yet once more of those opinions
which have so often previously been heard within
the walls of the British Legislature, and which
were in several instances never more ably or more
strikingly expressed than they were yesterday in
the course of this discussion, we should have had
reason to rejoice that the motion had been made,
and the debate resulting from it had been provoked,
by poor Lord DUDLEY STUART'S congenial kinsman,
the Earl of HARROWBY. But—beyond all this—
the motion itself was eventually put and carried
without a division. It was modified entirely, but
the modification really amounted to an amendment;
the words " and of other nations " being left out.
And the motion—thus referring simply and exclu-
sively to the correspondence between the Russian
and the English Government in reference to the
events of 1831-1832 in regard what once was Poland
—upon being
put to the House, was carried, and
carriedcarried: almost, one onhe might shatt'd, without a division,
a veerfitnt le. nmgi net contra
hat
s o mdi e
i -
cente. It was especially
b
more than ordinarily
direct and, so to
, w i
tshhi onu
tl
hd e a thus
speak, point blank, reference
have been made at this moment
of the most independent Legislature of a free people
in the whole world—and this be it said for two
rea-
sons,
reasons of a very painful kind, immediately
to be named, but though almost unnecessary to be
specified. Because, that is to say, of the late lament-
able occurrences which have taken place in Warsaw,
to the grief more or less loudly expressed, of all
Christendom. And still more recently—because of
the death (within this present week) of the most
illustrious and venerable of all the exiled princes
and patriots of Poland, his Highness the late Prince
ADAM CZARTORTSKI. Referring to this eminent cha-
racter, Lord BROUGHAM observed most impressively
last evening—" Born to an immense fortune, he
resigned it all in the interests of his country, and
was contented to live upon a very moderate income
of which he became accidentally possessed. In
early life he occupied the highest place in the Go-
vernment
of Russia, and was even at one time prime
minister and prime favourite of the erown, but he
had never for one hour during all the period that
he held that position forgotten his duty and affec-
tion towards his native country. Afterwards,"
continued Lord BROUGHAM, " when the events of
1 1830 and 1831 took place he threw himself into the
contest, but it unhappily did not succeed, and no-

thing was done for the benefit of Poland." In pur-
suance of these remarks the noble and learned lord
further observed that " he ought to add that when
Prince CZARTORYSKI lived in Paris he was the firm
supporter of Poland, and took an interest in all that
related to the welfare of Poland. He was the friend
and adviser of all Polish emigrants then settled in
France, and in no one particular was his loss to be
more lamented than that he advised them soundly
and moderately to take such positions as would
benefit Poland without giving offence to the country
in which they were then domiciled. This eminently
accomplished and virtuous man died at a most ma-
ture age, and to the last his faculties remained un-
impaired." Within the very week rendered pain-
fully memorable to the Poles (whether oppressed at
home or in exile abroad) by the demise of the NESTOR
of that heroic Nationality—it was surely but right
and reasonable that the brother-in-law of the most
honoured and beloved among Prince ADAM'S Eng-
lish friends and sympathisers, should recall to the
recollection of his peers the wrongs of the Polish
people, and the hopes yet cherished by many
millions, those heart-born hopes of our yet
witnessing the revival of Polish independence.
It is true that the Under-Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs went so far last evening as to
remark, in his official capacity and, consequently; as
one speaking in the name of her Britannic MAJESTY'S
Government, that the Restoration of Polish Inde-
pendence is no longer, as Lord WoOHOUSE phrased
it, " a practical question." But—How long ago is it
that European Diplomacy would have pronounced
quite as emphatically the same identical opinion
in regard to that seemingly no less impracticable
question, the question of—ltalian Independence
Yet, what is the situation of affairs at this very
moment in Italy ? Why, that the Unification of
Italy has not only been formally decreed by
23,000,000 freemen, but that it has been already
for the most part accomplished ! And not only
this, but that there is even now visibly before Europe,
recognised by the Chief Powers of Europe in name,
style, and title—A " King of Italy !" A designa-
tion unknown in the history of nations since the
subjugation of the European continent by the
genius and the arms of the Great NAPOLEON. What
has been accomplished within our own time in regard
to Italy and the Italians—who shall say may not be
accomplished in like manner (in our time) in regard
to Poland and the Poles ? Not assuredly—(to the
effectual extinction of our hopes in regard to Poland
and the Poles)—Lord WODEHOUSE! The sixty-
six years of noble endurance to which Lord
ELLENBOROUGH so eloquently referred last
evening, have earned for the sons of the
land of SOBIESKY and Xosciusxo a nobler
fate than that sketched out for them by our Under-
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, that of aiding
in increasing the civilisation of Russia, Poland receiv-
ing, in return, as a sort of bounty from the Czait,
institutions more in conformity with those enjoyed
in this nineteenth century by the Western nations
of Christendom !

The military news which accompanied the PRE.
SIDENT'S Message is certainly more important than
any which has recently arrived. It appears to in-
dicate consciousness on the part of the wary General
SCOTT of sufficient strength for a real advance. The
forward movement commenced on the 2d. A divi-
sion under General PATTERSON had previously
crossed the Potomac, at Williamsport, a place up-
wards of sixty miles west of Washington, and west
also of Harper's Ferry about twenty miles. This
division advanced towards Martinsburg, a town
about twelve miles south of Williamsport, and
there met five regiments of the enemy, besides one of
cavalry, amounting, General PATTERSON says, to ten
thousand men, whom, after a sharp conflict, they
completely routed, driving them iu sueh disorder
that knapsacks, canteens, and blankets strewed the
line of their flight. The Rebel loss is said to have
been sixty; that of the Federalists is stated by the
General to be only three.
The next day the central body at Washington
began its advance. It appears to be about 40,000
strong, the disposable forces at least; 30,000 were
advanced as far as to Fairfax Court-house, about
the same distance, west by south of Washington,
across the Potomac, as Martinsburg is further west.
Whether the rebels will fight there we shall probably
know by the next arrival. Gen. APCLELLAND
with upwards of 20,000 men was reported to be
advancing from Ohio through Western Virginia,
which has declared for Congress, and even sent
Representatives. And Gen. BUTLER, it will be
remembered, is below Richmond, the grand object
of Federal attack, on the south-east of the Bay of
Chesapeake at Fort Monroe. All depends on the
strength of the Rebels—they have mustered from
all parts to defend Richmond, which they made
their capital and the seat of their legislature, ever
since Virginia declared for them. Its loss
would almost break them up. They have
nowhere else anything which can be
called an army, and the work before the
North would then be a steady advance in force, and
a conquest of the small parties which could be
brought against them in particular spots. The
difficulty would be parallel to ours in India after
the fall of Delhi and Lucknow. There would be
nowhere force sufficient to meet an army, but in
ir any places bands sufficient to give trouble. We
may hope, however, that they would not be able
or disposed to continue a guerilla or brigand war,
which must be maintained by the plunder of their

own people.
It is hoped, we observe by some, that the slavery I
question will settle itself by the advance of the
army. It is argued that " the faithful slaves" will
certainly not retain their fidelity in sight of an
army which is fighting against their oppressors,
and that the army cannot convert itself into a slave-
catching force : indeed, the army has already re-
ceived a large number of fugitives as " contraband
of war," for which view the rebels themselves
furnished a pretext by proclaiming their value in
war for throwing up entrenchments. Gen. BUTLER
has usedthem therefore for that purpose himself. The
PRESIDENT'S speech gives quite the other view of
his intentions. It may be he is speaking only offi-
cially. Besides, the Border States are now pretty
well in his hands ; and if Missouri, Kentucky, and
Tennessee have, by fighting against him, or by
neutrality when they were bound to fight with
him, forfeited their rights, Maryland and
Delaware can hardly be said to have done so. The
PRESIDENT cannot perhaps easily declare
an abolitionist army, yet such, it is held by some,
it must practically become. We
haverehpiesaatermdlyy
pointed out that were this the case, the only change
would be that the conflict would be cut short
by the rebels giving in before the aboli-
tionist army could reach them, since
they
would thus save what slaves they had. Happy
for North America if the Free States determined
to put an end to slavery and rebellion together. To
Nut an end to the first would guarantee the Republic
against future rebellion for a long time to come.
One of the most remarkable retributions in history
is in any case now falling upon Virginia—the State
which executed the noble JOHN BROWN, of Osso-
watamie, is now the theatre of a slavery war,
and its militia, pompously paraded around his
scaffold, have now to flee for their lives before the
avenging army.

L A EST NEW S.

PARIS, JULY 20.

The Montteut. of to-clay contains a report of the
Minister of Finance on the subscription to the
300,000 Obligations Trentenaires,

The report says :—" 4,693,814 bonds have been
subscribed for. 128,605 subscriptions are for
amounts which cannot be reduced.

"'this financial operation is a complete success.
The subscription, by the abundance of capital offered
and the eagerness of the public to subscribe, has
become an imposing manifestation of the financial
power of the country, and a proof of the confidence
which the Government of the Emperor inspires."
Last night a fire broke out in the property rooms
of the Grand Opera, and destroyed all the secenery.
The loss is considerable.

NAPLES, JULY 19.

General Cialdini has ordered 15,000 volunteers
from the National Guard to be enrolled for mobili-

zation.

Several Garibaldian officers have accepted ap-

pointments.
The brigands who were concentrated at Monte-
cilfone have been beaten.

TURIN, JULY 19, EVENING.

The Muneipality of Turin have ordered a sere-
nade and torchlight precession in honour of Count

Fleury.
The Italia says—" It is not true that Garibaldi
has left Caprera."

MADRID, JULY 19.

The Correspondencia Autografa of to-day says :
—lt is asserted that Senor Bermudez, formerly
Spanish Ambassador at Naples, will return to
Francis 11.

The chief of the Loja insurgents has been

strangled.

He is the only person who has been condemned

,o death.

LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.

The Royal Mail Steamship Africa, which :sailed
for New York to-day, took £16,552 in specie from
England, and 92,000 dollars from the Continent.

BERNE, JULY 19.

The negotiations for a treaty of commerce between
France and Switzerland will not be opened before
October next.

The Council of the States in its sitting to-day
voted 275,000 f. for the construction of military
roads.

MADRID, JULY 19.
The Queen has arrived at Valladolid, and has
been warmly received.
The daughter of the Duke de Montpensier is ill
at San Lucar.

Hopes are entertained that the plot of the late
insurrection at Loja will be discovered.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company have received the following telegram :

THE BOMBAY MAILS.

The Valetta, with the above mails, reached Malta
at 10 p.m. on the 18th, and was to leave for Mar-
seilles at 3 the next morning.

The Ellora was to leave Malta at 8 a.m. on the
19th, and may be expected at Southampton on the
28th inst.

The Orissa brought the mail to Suez, arriving
there on the 14th inst.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, July 19.—Quiet but firm—such is the
physiognomy of the market to-day ; and, from mu
trifling amount of business doing, prices can only
be considered as nearly nominal. Threes, for the
Account, are now at 67f 75c. Railways also dull.
The following were the last quotations:-
41 per per Cents ... 97 80 Credit Fonder 1165
Do. end month.... 97 80 Belgian 41 lOO 25
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 751 Roman
Bank Shares 2855 --l Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 670 —lSpanish Threes —
Do. Account 671 25 ; Home Debt