The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-23 00:00:00

THE SUN„ LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 23, 1861

THE SUN.
LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY 23, 1861.

Yesterday the Hungarian Diet assembled to hear
the reply of their CHARLES STUART to their decla-
ration of rights. In the Upper House but few
were present ; the Lower House was crowded. We
wait, of course, the arrival of the entire Rescript,
with Hungarian criticisms, before we can venture
to pronounce a very decided opinion. The tele-
graph gives, us, however, quite sufficient to show
that fraud, doubtless to be backed, if circumstances
permit, by -violence, are the characteristics of this
document. The Hungarians cannot accept it. If
they do they will forfeit the respect of free Europe;
and, what is worse, will surrender their venerable
and real constitution for a German paper one.
It opens with a lie ; or if it be not a lie, with an
assertion that the HAPSBURGS have been guilty of
demonstrable perjury and violence towards Hun-
gary ; and that they now seek to build on the
foundation of their own infamy. M. BEAK shewed
to the satisfaction of the civilised world, what
every smatterer in the history of Hungary knew
before, that the union between Hungary and the
rest of the Austrian Empire was always a purely
personal one. That every part of the administration
—foreign as well as domestic, military as
well as financial, was distinct and national. The i
EMPEROR is made to say, " for three centuries, so
far as war, finance, and foreign affairs are con-
cerned, the de facto union has been a real one."
Now, every treaty with the Emperor of AUSTRIA
has acknowledged him as King of Hungary only
on conditions the very reverse of this statement.
So far, therefore, as it is true, it can be only at the
expense of convicting the HAPSBURGS of treachery
—of violating, indeed, the most solemn oaths.
It is true, doubtless, that from the days of MARIA
THERESA to the present time this ungenerous, des-
potic, and cruel dynasty have tried to make the
union a real one. The history of their aggressions
On Hungarian rights would fill a large space in
Hungarian history; but the termination of all
these outrages has been a fresh treaty, in which
the vanquished dynasty has been too generously
forgiven by the noble and generous people ; and
when they would have done more wisely to have
erected a scaffold for a traitor monarch, they have
condoned the crimes of an incurable family.
Neither de facto, therefore, any more than de jure,
can the dynasty which owes its Hungarian throne
to the pragmatic sanction, pretend that Hungary
has ever submitted to an amalgamation of its
war, finance, and foreign administration with that
of Austria. Any de facto amalgamation, therefore,
which the Government of Vienna can appeal to
gives precisely the same title as de facto possession
of stolen goods gives to the thief each act of
forcible amalgamation having been terminated by
the trial, and conviction on his own plea of guilty,
of the HAPSBURG offender.

The EMPEROR iS willing enough to reject amal-
gamation in the municipal sense. Hungary may
be, if it pleases, a self-administered county of the
Austrian empire. This he would dignify with the
name of National Government, and be willingly,
on these terms, King of HUNGARY., But the idea
is childish. The Hungarians are not such poli-
tical babes as to need such Austrian milk as
this. It is the Germans who are in the baby-
hood of political knowledge and of consti-
tutional government. The Hungarians have
been as familiar as Englishmen from time im-
memorial, with all the usages and sentiments
essential to Constitutional Government. Their
resent firmness, self-command, and respect for a
strictly legal course, show how thoroughly they
are imbued with the principle that liberty depends
on rigorous adherence to existing law ; and the
improvement of liberty, on making the improve-
ment by strictly legal means. Not the ancient
Romans nor the modern English have shown a
more law-loving spirit
than the Hungarians. This
is their strength. The 'HAPSBURG of the day, and
his politically, childish fa,r _
mans, may triumph by
force or cunning for the hour, but, politically, the
Germans are pigmies, the Hungarians
giants, and
the politically stronger will have the final victory.
The E MPE rb°ll has the matchless audacity to
point to the laws of 1848, laws solemnly assented
to by his predecessor before the revolution, and to
add, that six months after, civil war broke out, and
led to the total abolition of the constitution !!

What will 'Hungarians say to the unrivalled ef-
frontery
of terming the deep treachery of Austria
in the affair of JELLACHICH and his Croatians, and
the subsequent attack by the Austrians on the Hun-
garians irritated by his unparalleled villany,—a
" civil war breaking out ?" One would have thought
that a crime, which the wickedness of NICHOLAS of
Russia alone rendered successful, could never have
been adverted to, for shame's sake, by the HAPS-
BURGS. This allusion alone renders the whole paper
well deserving of being suspended from a gallows at
Arad, and then burnt by the hangman, to expiate,
were it possible, the holy blood shed there by the
wretches who are hardened enough to advert now
to those days of their darkest crimes. We shall,
however, say no more at present. We shall proba-
bly soon see how M. DEAR will tear to pieces the
statements of this shameless document. We only
hope that Hungary will be firm under all provo-
cations.

Contrary to the wise rules and regulations of
Parliament, the Marquis of NORMANBY, last even-
ing, replied, in the House of Lords, to a speech
delivered several months back in the House of
Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
quite obviously, upon the face
This proceeding is
of it, not only in violation of the etiquette of the
legislature, but in opposition to all the ordinary
dictates of justice, and even, we would venture to
say, of delicacy. A long while has elapsed since
Mr. GLADSTONE, in the Commons, commented in
severe terms upon certain acts of the ex-Duke of
MODENA—upon the strength of accusations brought
against that dethroned Prince originally, not by
Mr. GLADSTONE himself, or by any other English
Statesman viewing those events in Italy from a
distance, but there, on the very spot itself, in
the little capital of Modena, by the Provisional
Government ! The charges preferred against the
ex-Duke were in themselves sufficiently explicit
and categorical. The Provisional Government gave
names and dates—while making these accusations
—with the utmost precision and exactitude. There
was nothing vague, nothing generalised, nothing
in the way of merely "hinting a fault," or simply
" hesitating dislike" in all that was said about the
ex-Sovereign-Prince of MODENA by his victorious
successors the members of the Provisional Govern-
ment. Our English Chancellor of the Exchequer,
therefore, in speaking as he did—months ago—was
speaking of events and persons, that were subjects
notorious, at the time of his speaking, among all the
politicians of Christendom. Furthermore, it should
be remembered that in talking of those events and
of those persons as he did, Mr. GLADSTONE spoke
from no obscure rostrum in no very:secluded arena.
He spoke from his place upon the floor of the
House of Commons, upon the right hand of Mr.
SPEAKER, between the table and the front Treasury
bench, standing there, amongst his friends and col-
leagues, the members of her Britannic MAJESTY'S
Government. The Chancellor of the Exchequer thus
simply echoed the accusations preferred against the
ex-Duke by the newly installed Provisional Govern-
ment of Modena—not from any personal feelings of
antipathy or irritation, but in his public and official
capacity as one of the first of our English, as one of
the foremost of all European, Statesmen.
Several months, as already observed, have now
been allowed to glide by before the charges alleged
by Mr. GLADSTONE are formally contradicted by any
one in either House of Parliament. All this while,
however, we are now led to presume, the Marquis of
NORMANBY—sometime her MAJESTY'S diplomatic
representative at the late court of Tuscany, once
upon a time the popular Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
land, repeatedly installed in high positions as a
distinguished liberal statesman, diplomatist,
and administrator! [Nothing of all this now,
however, but simply as one may say the
self-elected advocate of certain exiled dynasties, the
volunteer champion of this or that moribund or
dead-and-buried Government]—the Marquis of
NORMANBY (of all people in the world !), we are
now led to suppose, has been " nursing his wrath
to keep it warm," in order that when a sufficient
length of time had elapsed he might uncork the
last vial of it and dribble out its contents upon the
devoted head of Mr. GLADSTONE ! It is a
melancholy incident in every point of view—and
as completed last night in the House of Lords it
must certainly be allowed to have been a most
melancholy exhibition. True, the noble Marquis
enjoyed the gratification of finding himself counte-
nanced by the noble Earl, the leader of the Oppo-
sition. But otherwise than in that one remarkable
particular, nothing very advantageous either for
Lord NORMANDY himself, or for his royal client
the ex-Duke of MODENA can be said to have
resulted from last night's discussion about these
imputed perversions of truth by the right bon.
gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The
late Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
—Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs no longer,
simply because of the approaching elevation
from the Lower to the Upper House of the
Secretary of State for the Foreign Department—
Lord WODEHOUSE, ex-Under-Secretary, refuted
the lengthy, not to say, tedious arguments
of Lord NORMANBY as completely as could well be.
Not only was it thus yesterday in the House of
Peers before the close of Lord NORMANBY'S elabo-
rately prepared statement. But so soon as the
Earl of DERBY in his turn completed his arguments
in support of Lord NORMANBY'S allegations, the
Noble Earl, the President of the Council, the Earl
GRANVILLE enforced one by one the various remark-
ablecounter-statements previously adventured upon
by Lo
I'l awWs suit"--though t—E' I'
ou SE, the venerable Lord BROUGHAM
though in a more sprightly strain,
be it said, in furtherance of the self-same argument
—that formidable argument first of all ennun-
ciated months ago in the other house by the
Chancellor of the ExchequEr. Well might
Lord BROUGHAM offer to the ex• Duke
of MODENA the ironical suggestion that
his highness should repeat (with
~
Savewithbit te
me
e reasonfrom mi ny-
fdreieend)dstemoyld Spanish proverb,
enemies, I can take care of myself !"
For the whole purport of the defence set up for the
ex-Duke by his vindicator in the English House of
Lords—the Marquis of NORMANBY—may be
summed up in the boast that the outgoing
Govern-
ment left, in the local archives, no papers calculated
in any way to criminate themselves ! A declara-
tion that, as Lord BROUGHAM admits, with a
certain scorn, is, in all probability, perfectly
true. Yet, says the noble and learned lord,
if such a line of argument were really
and truly the one adopted by the advocates of the
ex-Duke, that unhappy personage might well in
coming to their lordships' house pray for a gocd
deliverance not merely from his arch-accuser, Mr.
GLADSTONE, but from his arch-friend, the Marquis
of NORMANBY. Nothing could be fairer, however,
than the resume given last evening in the House
of Peers by Lord BROUGHAM in reference to the
course recently pursued by Mr. GLADSTONE in re-
gard to those very accusations of his against the
ex-Duke of MODENA, accusations in respect to
which the Chancellor of the Exchequer has been
so loudly vilified and vituperated. The
explanation or resume of facts, as given
yesterday by Lord BROUGHAM, is in itself
SO interesting both as regards Lord BROUGHAM

himself and Mr. GLADSTONE, that we give the
whole of the passage here referred to, as it fell
last night from the lips of the venerable ex-Chan-
cellor :—" Then it was laid to Mr. GLADSTONE'S
charge," said Lord BROUGHAM, " that he did not
sufficiently retract, when he found he had been
mistaken. But Mr. GLADSTONE, in the House of
Commons—in the very place where the charge was
made—did expressly state that he had been mis-
informed, partly by the inference which he had
drawn, and partly by the information he had re-
ceived. He (Lord BROUGHAM) did not happen to be
present in the House of Commons when Mr. GLAD-
STONE'S speech was made. He should always be
glad to be there when so great a speaker, so bril-
liant and so excellent an orator, as Mr. GLADSTONE
was to be heard. But it so happened that for the
last 31 years he had not crossed the threshold
of the House of Commons except twice; upon one
occasion to hear Mr. GLADSTONE speak, about a
year ago ; and again the other night, to hear his
noble friend the noble viscount explain the in-
tentions of the Government with respect to
their lordships amendments of the Bank-
ruptcy Bill. It was said to Mr. GLADSTONE,
" Why do you not retract ?" He (Lord
BROUGHAM) said, Mr. GLADSTONE did retract, ac-
cording to the information he had received from
those who heard him. Then with respect to the
book, Mr. GLADSTONE'S statement proceeded upon
documents published by the provisional de facto
Government of Modena; and the book had now
been for upwards of twelve months exposed to sale.
But it appeared that there were two t ersons to
whom it was inaccessible. The Duke of Modena
could not by any means obtain a sight of
this book, and it also appeared that the noble
maquis could not obtain a sight of it. Pro-
bably they were the only persons who laboured
under this difficulty ; and had not been able to see
the book in question, Mr. GLADSTONE had the au-
thority of the Government for the statement : and
then, said his noble friend, ' How can you tell that
these documents are not forgeries ?' But, said Mr.
GLADSTONE, How can you tell that they are ?'
Nobody affected to believe they were forgeries ; for
anything that appealed they were authentic ; and
therefore Mr. GLADSTONE'S defence was complete."
So much first of all for Lord NORMANBY'S
defence of the ex-Doke of MODENA, and secondly,
for Lord BROUGHAM'S vindication of the Chancellor
of the Exchequer. But we have not yet heard the
last of it. Lord NORMANBY still insists upon
having the papers he asked for ineffectually
yesterday. So that the noble Marquis will posi-
tively, he tells us, on Friday next again move
for their production !

Mr. JOHN CHARLESWORTH DODGSON CHARLES-
WORTH has been convicted at last. Unlucky man !
Why did the fates make him a victim, for as such
all his countrymen regard him. The laws regula-
ting elections have, by the help of both Whigs and
Tories, been purposely constructed to facilitate the
commission of bribery, while they are to present
the appearance of obstructing it. They are con-
trived much as a park fence would be, if built by
a set of hands, several of whom were first-rate old
poachers, who would, of course, be sure to leave
certain places, not easy to be seen by the unprac-
tised eye, among the bushes and herbage, where
they could advantageously set their nets and
snares. So, by the confession of Sir W.
HATTER himself, the Corrupt Practices at
Elections Act was meant only to be
laughed at by the knowing ones employed in
its concoction. Bribery, where there was plenty
of money on the candidate's part, and easy electoral
virtue on that of the constituency, was understood
to be quite a matter of course. Like some other
vices it was not in the presence of " Society," to be
charged directly on any gentleman. It was only
to be taken for granted, winked at ; and as a
weakness common to humanity not to be noticed
unless some special bad luck made the case too
flagrant.

Mr. LEATHAM and Mr. CHARLESWOBTH have
both been caught. We appeal to our readers
whether the common feeling amongst them is not
—" rather hard upon them that." Some perhaps
will think that they half deserved it, not because
of the vice or crime, but because one party
was so foolish as to petition against the other, and
the other so foolish as to defend his eliction
Knowing as both did that the water was so muddy,
why did the CHARLESWORTHIANS stir the puddle;
and if they were so mad, why did the LEATHAMITES
let a House of Commons Committee have the chance
of setting a commission to throw out all the mud to
the gaze of passers by. We confess it does seezr
to have been the height of folly for such delinquents
to have attacked and defended; but no doubt thEy
calculated on the usual course. They thought the
committee would wink hard at the facts ; would at
worst unseat a member and get another election,
and not add the fatal clause in their report 'which
would set the commission scavengers to work As
it happened, they were mistaken in this case. A
case not one whit worse than others, than Norwich
for _instance, in which, nevertheless, every body,
members included, were innocent, thotgh the
grossness of the bribery could not be sirpassed.
But Norwich was lucky. Wakefield unlucky. Else,
who will assert that Lord BURY and Mr. SCHNEIDER
might not have been in the same position as the
Wakefield candidates P

A contemporary is pleased and hopeful because
the ruling of the judge to consider the deposit of
a sum of money much larger than the legal expenses
of the election would require, as strong presump-
tive evidence against the accused, will make the
present law a little more effectual. We wish we
could think so. It will merely suggest greater
ingenuity and caution in furnishing the money.
We believe we could ourselves suggest half•a-dozen
ways quickly, in which, if the money was provided,
it could be at the service of the bribing subordi-
nates without the possibility of tracing it. The
truth is, bribers and bribed will always be con-
sidered unlucky if caught; but, not more guilty than
hundreds of their neighbours, or scores of honour-
able members, till the House of Commons seriously
legislatesembe r
s for againstboro
ug bothhs
have, bribery and undue influence.
While it is pretty safely believed that numbers of
m
more
seats—whileunitunitsy
majority of the Tory
of
c e r t ao ir
nl
membersetshs
tbs
itethe
inen pur-
chasersvtahsetHouse by the heartless, base bribery of unfair hold
on the fears of tenant farmers, no one can help in-
dulging something like commiseration for the
convicted.

The county influence and the bribery are
both of them detestable, unmanly, depraving
to the elector and to the candidates who traffic in
the cupidity or the fears of electors. But the
House of Commons is, as a kind of Corporation, too
thoroughly corrupted on these points to " call a
spade a spade." It is steeped iu electoral hypocrisy.
It assumes the garb of a purely-elected body;
yet it knows that, perhaps, not one-
sixth of its number are returned by the free, un-
bought, or not unfairly influenced votes of its con-
stituents. The House of Commons knows well
that the simple honest expedient of the Ballot
would do more than all their contemptible Acts on
Elections, to secure electoral purity, and in countie

as well as for boroughs. It rejects it because it loves
corrupt means to secure votes. The House of
Commons, by refusing the Ballot is the Corruptor-
General. And while it so manifestly only simulates
zeal against corruption, the few victims it sacrifices
with mock indignation will be considered by the
public less criminal than the house, which by refus-
ing protected votes, has led them into temptation.

VOTE B
The commit

dress stroni

electors.

1Y BALLOT AND THE CITY ELECTION.-
ttee cf the Ballot Society have put out an ad-
gly ri,commending Mr. Western Wood to the
Ar. Wood has promised to support the ballot in

Parliament.

The treaties of commerce lately concluded be-
tween France and England, and between France and Bel-
gium, have given some animation to the silk-markets in
the southern departments. Large quantities of raw silk
were sold at tte last markets of Valence and Romans at
from 60f. to 65f. the kilogramme for superior, and at from
40f. to 50f. for ordinary samples. Superfine quality was
sold at from 70f. to 72f. the kilogramme; second, 65f. to
63f. ; third, 50f. to 60f. In the Ardeche the best quality is
worth frorc 72f. to 75f.; ordinary, 60f., 65f., and 70f. Those
treaties have produced a remarkable effect on the fair of
Beaucairt, which had considerably fallen off, but is now
recovering its ancient prosperity. It is expected that the
silk trace in France will be considerably improved by a new
silkworm introduced some time since by M. Guerin Mene
ville. This silkworm lives in the open air on a very hardy
plant called the "ailante," or Japan varnish tree. It pro-
ducet two crops a year of a strong silky fibre employed in
Chills to make clothes for a great portion of the population.
Tht new silkworms have been reared in various parts of
the south of France with perfect success. More than three-
fotrths of the worms produced excellent cocoons, although
tin atmosphere was unfavourable. It is now ascertained
tlat the new worm gives a profit of cent. for cent. on the
capital employed. The silk of the ailante worm differs
3sscntially from that of the mulberry worm. It is of an
inferior quality, well adapted for coarse fabrics, but it never
can compete with the silk used by the manufacturers of
Lyons. It is expected that the new silk will form an ex-
cellent substitute for cotton, of which France annually im-
ports 69,504,000 kilogrammes.
SILVER COIN IN PARIS.—The Bulletin de Paris
explains in the following terms the sudden re-appearance
of large amounts of silver coin in Paris and other great
towns of France :—" During the monetary crisis which
prevailed some three years ago, the Bank of France pur-
chased all the siver it could obtain, both in France and
abroad. It was, indeed, at one moment so overstocked
with silver as to have season to fear the necessity of touch-
ing its reserve. It then made an arrangement with the
Bank of England to deposit with it 50,000,000 of silver, to
receive in return a similar sum in gold. That contract
was scarcely concluded when the news arrived that the
war with China was ended, and the crisis in the United
States took place. Gold was wanted for America and also
for Italy, and the Bank employed that which it had pro-
cured. Meanwhile, China instead of drawing silver from
Europe as previously, sent us considerable quantities in
payment of the war indemnity. On the other hand, the
expedition to Syria was drawing to a close, so that at the
same time the demand for silver ceased and the demand
for gold became more active ; and this occurred at the very
moment When the Bank of France was taking back the
silver it had deposited with the Bank of England. Thus
the metal is crisis caused by the scarcity of silver money
now threatens to recur through the scarcity of gold coin.
But on this side the danger is less great, owing to the im-
mense quantity of gold coined of late in all the mints of
Europe. Gold will continue in circulation on account of
its small volume and relatively high value. It is a certain
fact that the very persons who but yesterday complained
of the scarcity of silver coin are now greatly annoyed at
having to receive a heavy bag of 1,000 francs in silver in-
stead of a convenient roll of Napoleons. If Lycurgus re-
turned to this lower world, he would find people just as
reluctant to use his cumbersome money as to live on his
disagreeable black broth."

FATAL ACCIDENT,—On Saturday a frightful acci-
dent occurred in Eaton-square, resulting in the death, under
deplorable circumstances, of a young lady named Jane Arm
Cooper, 19 years of age, who had resided at 114, Warwick-
street, Pimlico. About midday she was seen riding
through the square at an alarming speed, the horse she
rode being apparently beyond her control. A man in charge
of the bar at one of the outlets from the square, seeing her
coming towards that point, and believing the horse had run
away with her, closed the barrier. On approaching it, the
horse turned abruptly round, and the unfortunate lady was
thrown from her seat. She fell with terrific violence upon
the iron palisades of the square and received such frightful
injuries that she died almost instantly. Some people who
had seen the accident had her immediately conveyed in
a cab to St. George's Hospital,!close by, but she died before
arriving there. The body was seen, in a few moments after
being taken to the hospital, by Mr. Lee, the house surgeon,
and Mr. Hewett,one of the principal medical officers. It was
found to have sustained a dreadful spike wound in the left
groin, and others en the forehead, just over the left eye, and
on the left side of the faco. The remains, which were those
of a young woman of great personal attractions, were recog-
nised by a relative in the course of the day, and a telegra-
phic message was sent to Bristol to her father, apprising him
of the lamentable circumstance. Others of her friends
visited the hospital in the course of yesterday and saw the
body, which lies there, awaiting a coroner's inquest, which
will)robably be held to-day or to •morrow.
NOT PARTICULAR. AS TO A SIIADE.--In a Bristol
(United States) paper a young widow lady advertises that
sho is desirous to meet with an affectionate and good tem-
pered partner who can offer her a comfortable home. A
gentleman of colour not objected to, from 45 to 50 years of
age.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SHILLING DAY, Mon-
day, July 22.—Admission on payment, 8,646 ; ditto, by
nova tickets, 1,291; total visitors, 9,937.

Lr f
.114 11 WS.

ItOME, JULY 21.
•
A Consistory will be held to-morrow, at which
the Pope wiii pronounce an Allocution, proclaiming
15 new bishops, namely, six French, two Spanish,
and seven South American.

His Holiness is enjoying perfect health.
The French Government has lodged a complaint
with the Papal Government against the Bishop of
Poitiers, for having, in the Allocation which he
pronounced in his church, on St. Peter's Day,
made offensive allusions to the Emperor Napoleon,
designating him Herod 111.
The Pope has received fresh assurances that the
French army will remain at Rome.
General Goyon has broken off all official relations
with Mgr. de Merode.

WARSAW, JULY 21.

Great crowds of people assembled to-day before
the residence of the English Consul and deposited
bouquets of flowers, amid shouts of " Long live
Queen Victoria."

These bouquets are offered to the British nation
as a grateful acknowledgment of its sympathy for
Poland.

The police made their appearance after the crowds
had dispersed.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, JULY 23.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Tagus, Captain Hall, with the above mails in
charge of Commander Field, R.N., has arrived. She
brings 32 passengers, 4 packages of specie, value
£1,165 ; also 146 boxes eggs, 386 half chests lemons,
63 boxes tomatoes, 52 boxes green fruit, 41 boxes
onions, and 22 packages sundries.
From Lisbon to Caps Finisterre the Tagus ex-
perienced strong N. winds and fine weather; across
the bay W.S.W. winds and thick hazy weather;
up channel the latter part a strong S.E. gale, with
thick weather. On the 21st, at 7 p.m., in lat.
48.15, long. 5.31, passed and exchanged signals with
the Mooltan, standing S.W.
The Royal Mail Company's steamer Magdalena,
with the outward mails of the 9th, sailed from
Lisbon at 6 p.m. on the 13th for the Brazils.