The Sun.
London, England, 1861-09-17 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

Tina DA'.—Morning, 12h. 46m.—Afternoon, lb. Bm.
To-Ntonnow.-Morning, lh. 28m.—Afternoon. lh. 47m.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 17, 1861

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
o—highest since noon yesterday.'
45 —lowest this morning and during the night.
57—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.20 ; rising rapidly.

WlND—Northerly to N.-E. moderate ; with dull,
cloudy weather. The Western and Irish coast were visited
last week by Equinoctial gales, as we anticipated.

45
4497
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THE SUN.

LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 17, 1861.

Mr. NEWDEGATE has thrown new light on the
position and prospects of America. We did not
know before, if the hon. member be right, the real
cause of the little expected strength of the South
in its resistance of the North. Mr. NEWDEGATE
can enlighten us. The South is strong because it
has respected the law of Primogeniture, the North
weak because it regards brothers and sisters as
having equal claims on paternal Providence. The
Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club meets at Market Bos-
worth, the place reminds the speaker of the decisive
battle once fought there. And the able man
who was vanquished and slain there—" one
endowed with all the qualities that should
make eminent the statesman, the soldier, and the
monarch"—deserved his fall because he was the
invader of all the sacred ties which the French
have comprehended under the name of family, and
we under that of home. Hence he proceeded to
glorify England at the expense of France and of
the Free States of America—" It was this love of
domestic life that had rendered England pre. emi-
nent among the nations of the world. For the
invasion of the sacred rights of the family in the
first revolution, France has paid the penalty of 70
years of proved incapacity for freedom. Why
have not the Northern States of America pre-
vailed over the South, possessing as the Northern
S fates do a majority of population, a vast prepon-
derance of means, and the command of the ocean
and the shores of America? It is (and he spoke
from personal observation) because, however, pol-
luted by slavery, however degraded by the means
necessary to supply the slave-markets, still the
patriarchal principle of the family is stronger in
the South than in the North of the United States;
for, in the North, by the abolition of the law of
primogeniture, by casting their children too early
on the world, Americans have weakened family
ties, the connection of the family, and have thus
introduced elements of disorganisation, which have
hitherto rendered a necessary discipline of their
forces and success both impossible. Of such vital
national importance are the sacred principles. which
England vindicated for herself at the Battle of
Bosworth, and which you recognise by the patri-
archal character of the meetings of this well-deserv-

ing society."
The Southern chivalry will, we are sure,
transmit their politest bow, by telegraph if they
can, to the member for Warwickshire, and assure
him that no Englishman has adverted to American
affairs, especially to the South, with half the in.
telligence which he has shown before the Sparken-
hoe Farmers. It is true that there are shades even
on the honours awarded by Mr. NEWDEGATE to the
Southern arisocracy and primogeniture ; and the
darkest shade of all, is its affinity with slavery. If
the honourable member had inquired why the
Southern States retained slavery while the Northern
had, got rid of it, so far as this question is con-
cerned, no one will deny the testimony of American We suppose we must credit the story of Presi-
histery. And that history teaches that it was dent LINCOLN'S application to GARIBALDI to take
not merely that plantations were more numerous the lead of the American troops in some capacity,
in the South than in the North ; but that the though
.we confess the extreme absurdity of the
South was predominantly aristocratic—Royalist, idea leaves us still half sceptical. It could not be,
indeed, as long and as much as it could be—while however, for any unimportant mission that an
the North was Republican. These patriarchal official servant of the Washington Government
primogeniti found it quite natural to insist on the hurried from Brussels and from thence to Caprera,
unequal birth of men. If they, for purposes of and we are therefore bound to suppose that there
Federal defence, united under a constitution pro.. must be something in it.
claiming that all men were born froe and equal, it How President LINCOLN, however, could so
was with an implied reserve as to the colour of humble his country before all the world we can
their skin. From the i-iosition that the good luck hardly think. The command in chief he could
of being the first-born m tide a man the lord of his baldly dare to offer him; perhaps M'CLELLAN
brethren and sisters, it Was natural to believe also would have felt it no dishonour to serve under the
that all men born white were lords of all born older, and world renowned hero, but we are by no
black.
We have never had the least doubt that to meanssurethatwithhisregulartrainingM'CLELLAN
the genuine
aristocratical—
e Sotithd
portion of planter of the dominant may not be even better qualified to superintend a
orainant not only over the campaign than GARlBALDl.rossibly the President
slaves but over the
y7ettano 'whites also—was due the might offer him his choice of work.„., well knowing
retention of slaver
cultninates in the infer •
the heartless logic which that the great Guerilla Captain would instinctively
in the highest court of 11A.t dictum of the judge who, and intelligently select the right post for himself.
metioa, decided that a black laid ''We must acknowledge that, with not many

exceptions, the American officers who have had
separate commands have not shown themselves
very competent for their work. But, with
all the admiration which soldiers all over the
world feel for GARIBALDI, we cannot believe that
Americans would have given up their pride and
jealousy in favour of GARIBALDI himself, when
they found themselves required to obey and follow
him without question. Nor is it easy to sup-
pose that he .could inspire them with the enthu-
siasm which Italians felt when fighting with the
most trusted of their fellow-countrymen for the
freedom of their native land.

Then the question of slavery. LINCOLN himself
hangs back as yet on that subject. Can it be ima-
gined for a moment that the first condition of GARI-
BALDI would not be, if he could accept the service,
that a proclamation of emancipation should precede
him. On that condition, did more sacred claims
not interfere, we have little doubt that GARIBALDI
would serve in the war in almost any capacity.
But his soul could tolerate no half measures on that
point. If he went to America, it would assuredly
be under the most stringent engagements that he
should not sheath the sword till every coloured
man was as free as every white man.
_ _

But, even with that noble enterprise conceded
him, GARIBALDI could not leave Italy. He is its
soul. All the noble spirits in Italy are one
with him, and the fire of his patriotism
is felt throughout the entire movement, yet incom-
plete. While Rome and Venetia, we might add,
while Hungary too, are not free, Europe cannot
spare GARIBALDI. He is wanted as the inspiration
of the whole, and no mortal can say how soon he
may be needed again as the Leader of all. Ame-
rica may shift without him, Italy cannot. For
him to depart would be to leave her to scheming
politicians. She would become the subject of bar-
gains and of contracts, which they dare not ven-
ture on while her beloved and invincible hero
is at hand. We have no doubt that RICA-
SOLI is fully aware of the value of GARI-
BALDI. That Minister heartily desires the
noblest things for Italy, but well he knows that
the noble impulses which GARIBALDI alone can
sustain in their full energy in Italy, are esslntial to
his object. He may direct the flame of Italian
patriotism, but GARIBALDI alone can feed and fan
it. GARIBALDI cannot leave Europe. His loss
would be felt from Rome, through Venetia to
Vienna and Pesth, and even to Warsaw.

We see with satisfaction that the authorities of
the Admiralty and the Board of Trade have at
length profited ,by the example of that excellent
association, the National Life Boat Institution, in
protecting the lives of those employed in their ser-
vice. The great risks run by the crews of the
coast guard stations on the exposed parts of our
shores have long attracted attention, and the immi-
nent peril to which these brave men often expose
themselves in attempting to succour shipwrecked
persons, render their claims still more deserving of
notice. It is proposed to provide the men with cork
life belts on the same plan as those supplied by
the Life Boat Institution to its crews. At
certain stations, most exposed to danger, these
belts will be provided for use in the Coastguard
boats, while at others, where the need is less,
two belts will be allowed, with small buoyant
lines attached, for the purpose of rushing into
the surf to the rescue of drowning persons.
Doubtless, if these had been provided earlier,
many lives might have been saved, for it often
happens that men swimming for their lives from
wrecks perish close to shore, their exhausted
energies being unable to struggle through
the breakers. We may therefore share
the hope, confidently expressed, that the
men employed at these stations will be able to
render still more effectual help to the dist;essed
mariners when provided with this means of safety
to themselves; for, althongh we cannot question
the mirage of British sailors or their readiness to
lend a hand in succouring those in distress, it is
not every one that will expose his own life
to imminent peril for the uncertain chance
of assisting a total stranger. To reckon
upon this is to expect a crew of heroes in-
stead of ordinary seamen, and, indeed, many
a man who would willingly risk his own life might
justly hesitate before he ventured the sole support
of a whole family. These belts, which have been
found of such signal service by their original em-
ployers, will therefore be of the greatest utility in such
positions, and we trust the authorities will not be
too sparing in supplying them. The economy so much
recommended to governmental officials generally
shows itself in matters of absolute neceasity where
a liberal expenditure would be not only justifiable
but'highly advisable. No one, we should imagine,
could cast their eye over the reports of the annual
shipwrecks on the coasts of Great Britain and
Ireland, without being startled by the list of brave
men and good ships paid as our annual sacrifice to
the sea we profess to rule. If another report could
be prepared stating how many men might have
been saved by the use of life belts, and how many
vessels might have escaped destruction by the
existence of more frequent harbours of refuge and
life-boat stations, we apprehend that our
authorities would be somewhat startled and the
public somewhat indignant. The means to bring
about some degree of improvement is, however, in
their own hands. Let them assist the efforts of
the admirable Institution we have alluded to, and

assist its exchequer now, we regret to say, greatly
in want of funds. Voluntary efforts, and societies
whose origin or organisation owes nothing to
Government, often work while Boards and Com-
mittees are dreaming. Ragged schools have given
the rudiments of mental and moral training to a
good many thousands of neglected children, before
the contending parties of theorists had settled
upon what foundations to raise their grand structure
of national education. Doubtless, on such weighty
matters grave deliberation is necessary; but chil-
dren were growing up ignorant heathens mean-
while, and so when men's lives are at stake every
stormy day we grow somewhat impatient of official
routine and delay. Let us all, then, do what we
can, and use the means in our power, instead, of
waiting for impossible improvements in matters out
of our reach. The National Lifeboat Institution is
one of the most deserving of our charitable asso-
ciations, and we hope that its influence with the
Government may increase as rapidly as its favour
with the public.

Viscount Canterbury left town yesterday for
Doncaster for the race week.

Lady Hall has arrived at the Queen's Hotel,
Upper Norwood.
The Hon. Mrs. Carleton and Miss Carleton have
arrived at Farrance's Hotel from Bognor.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Steuart, of New York,
have arrived at Maurigy's Hotel from Italy.

The Princess Piombino and suite have left Cla-
ridge's Hotel for Paris. _ _

Mr. and Mrs. J. Howard Wainwright have
arrived at Howchin's Hotel from New York.

Mr. and Mrs. James J. Bibby and the Misses
Bibby have arrived at Howchin's Hotel from Liverpool.
Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Elritige have arrived at
Howch;n's Hotel from New York.

Mr. and Mrs. John Colley have arrived at
Howchin's Hotel from Suffolk.

His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the
Countess Bernstortl left the Prussian Legation last evening
for Paris, in which capital they propose to make a very
short stay. His excellency will meet the King of Prussia
at Coblentz on the 20th instant, after which he will go to
Berlin.

DEATH OF SIR GEORGE BARKER.—The news by
the last Indian arrival of the death of Colonel Sir George
Robert Barker, K.C.8., commanding the Royal Artillery
in Bengal, has been received in England with expressions
of profound regret. The deceased officer, so suddenly cut
off in the prime of life, early distinguished himself in the
Eastern campaign of 1854, and attracted the especial notice
of Sir Colin Campbell, by whom he was taken by the hand,
and advanced to positions where his talent and skill found
an ample field for extension. He successively commanded
the Royal Artillery in the expedition to Kertch, and also
in the left attack on the fall of Sebastopol. In India,
during the late mutiny, he again met his old General, Lord
Clyde; and under him, as a brigadier-general, he com-
manded the siege artillery at the siege and captureof Luck-
now. He likewise defeated the rebels in force at Jamo,
and captured the fortress of Biwa, for which distinguished
services he was made a Knight Commander of the Bath.
We may venture to say that the prospects of few officers in
the service were more brilliant, or more appreciated by
the country. at the moment of his lamented death, than
those of the subject of out brief memoir, whose loss has
cast a gloom over the headquarters of the regiment, with
which all who personally knew the peculiar courtesy and
urbanity which characterised him will sincerely sympathise.
Army and Navy Gazette.
PRESERVATION OF LIVES FROM SHIPWRECK.—
We are glad to learn that theßoard of Trade, in conjunction,
we believe, with the Admiralty, have decided to supply the
crews of the coastguard stations on exposed parts of the
shores of the United Kingdom with cork lifeboats, on the
same plan as those provided by the National Lifeboat Insti-
tution to its crews. The men of this important branch of
the public service, who have so often risked their lives in
attempts to succour shipwrecked persons, will, it may be
hoped, be thus enabled to perform still more efficacious ser-
vice when provided with this means of safety to themselves.
We are informed that at certain stations, where deemed ne-
cessary, they will be provided for use in the coastguard
boats, and that at other stations two belts, with small buoyant
lines attached, will be allowed, for the purpose of rushing
into the surf to the rescue of drowning persons.

voyage home,

away their guns.

His Excellency Lothrop Motley and family have
returned to Maurigy's Hotel from Studley Royal, Ripon.
The Duke of Beaufort has left Gopsall Hall,
Leicestershire, for Doncaster. The duchess remains with
the Earl and Countess Howe at Gopsall.
The Duke and Duchess Magliani and a numerous
suite have arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Rome.
The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield have had
a large party staying at Bretby Park, Derbyshire, during
the past week.

REDUCTION OF WAGES IN LANCASHIRE. The
cotton spinners of Blackburn having decided to reduce the
wages of their workpeople, as well as to work short time,
the matter was discussed at a large meeting of delegates of
the Associated Operative Spinners of Lancashire and the
adjoining counties, held in Manchester on Sunday. A re-
solution was adopted, to the effect that the employers be
earnestly and respectfully requested to reconsider their de-
cision, "because, while all admit that the present scarcity
of cotton affords a well-grounded reason for the diminution
of its consumption, and of ihe production of yarns and goods,
by running short time, this meeting of delegates cannot un-
derstand how a reduction of wages can be the means of pre-
venting an adequate supply of the raw material, or of find-
ing a profitable market for yarns, &c."

One curious feature in the state of New Zealand
(says a letter from Melbourne) is, that in spite of the war
the colony seems to be flourishing. For some years gold in
moderate quantities has been obtained in the province of
Nelson, and last year it was found in the interior of the
province of Otago, but it was in the high land, and the
winter there is so severe, and the snow so deep, that, like
the Snowy River, it could not be worked during the winter
months. Lately, however, gold has been found much more
abundantly at a place called Takaka, cn the coast of the
province of Otago, and some experienced miners from Vic-
toria had obtained a large remuneration for their labours.
In spite of the war the balance of migrators is al ways
against Victoria and in favour of New Zealand.
THE LATE MR. JOHN FRANCIS, THE SCULPTOR.
—This gentleman, whose death took place recently, was
very eminent in his day as a sculptor, and also as having
trained in their art some of our most rising sculptors. Mr.
Francis was another instance of self-teaching, although his
choice of a profession might almost be said to have been
accidental. Mr. Francis, who was a native of Lincoln, be-
came, at an early age, a farmer in that county, but with a
natural talent in the direction which ultimately determined
his career. His wife was a near relative of the great Lord
Nelson, and when he died Mr. Francis conceived the notion,
which he carried out, of carving in jet a funeral car of the
hero. This, and more especially a figure .head of Victory,
attracted the notice of the celebrated Mr. Coke, afterwards
Earl of Leicester, who at once advised his going to London,
and who became and continued his steady patron. Mr.
Francis became a pupil of Chantrey, and was subsequently
introduced by Mr. Coke to the leading men of the Whig
party, of whorl he was during the whole of his career the
special sculptor. He was a great favourite with William
IV., and was patronized by the Duke of Sussex, the Dukes
of Bedford, Norfolk, Sunderland, the Vernon family, and,
generally speaking, the leading men of the Whig party.
The patronage of the late King was continued by her Ma-
jesty Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort. When the
late Duke of Saxe Coburg died Mr. Francis.was commis-
sioned to execute a bust from the most inadequate mate-
rials. lie had, in fact, to imagine the likeness, and he
executed his task with such marvellous skill as to have com-
manded the warmest approval and acknowledgments from
both the Queen and the Prince. Mr. Francis closed an
honourable and successful career at the age of 81. He has
left behind him a valuable collection of life portraits in
marble, among which are those of her Majesty, Prince
Albert, Earl Russell, Lord Brougham, and many other dis-
tinguished personages. Mr. Francis lived to see his favourite
pupils attain eminence. His daughter, Mrs. Thornycroft,
is especially known by her admirable figures of the Royal
children and grandchildren, which are remarkable not only
for the fidelity of the portraits, but also for their artistic
conception and execution. Mr. Thornycroft, her husband,
is also known as a sculptor, whose aims are directed in the
highest walks of his art. Matthew Noble and Joseph Dur-
ham, whose works are known far and wide, were also
favourite pupils of Mr. Francis.

A YOUNG LADY DROWNED AT ILKLEY .—The
inhabit Ants of Ilkley have been thrown into a state of pain-
ful excitement by the melancholy death, by drowning, in
the river Wharfe, of a young unmarried lady, 26 years of
age, named Eliza Scott, whose parents reside at Gomersal,
near Leeds, and occupy a respectable position in society. It
appeared that Miss Scott had been for some time labouring
under religicus delusions, and was recommended by her
medical attendant to spend a few weeks at Ilkley, at which
place, accompanied by her moths r, she arrived two or three
days ag ). Mrs. Scott having occasion temporarily to ab-
sent herself, left her daughter in charge of the person with
whom they lodged, whose vigilance, however, she unfortu.
nately contrived to elude, and was afterwards seen by two
ladies proceeding at a rapid pace, without her bonnet, along
the banks of the river. A splash was presently heard, and
she was seen in the water, but on being taken out life was
extinct. An inquest has been held, and there being the
possibility of the deceased having accidentally slipped into
the water, a verdict of " Found drowned, without any marks
of violence," was returned.—Leeds Mercury.

DREADFUL SEAQUAKE.—The Singapore Free
Press gives an act•ount of the seaquake that devastated
Simo, one of the Batu group on the west coast of Sumatra,
on the 9th March last :—Simo before the occurrence had 13
campongs or villages, four of which, however, qlthough they
bore the names of former campongs, only consisted of a
single hut, the rest of the houses having from time to time
removed to the other campongs. Besides these campongs,
there were huts here and there, inhabited by persons who
watched the cocoa nut trees, and by swineherds. Previous
to the disaster of the 9th March there were on the island
120 houses and a population of 1,045; on this unlucky day
96 houses were destroyed, arid 675 of the inhabitants, besides
103 temporary residents, lost their lives. Of the campongs
nothing niore is to be distinguished than the stones here
and there, on which the Batu islander places the posts of his
house, or serve as seats in the gatherings of the campongs,
and the wells which are found near each campong. On
some places were great piles of trunks of trees, beams, and
planks of houses, clothes, and furniture, and amongst them
the bodies of the dead, which had not yet been removed,
some in a state of decomposition, others completely stripped
of the flesh by the vultures, dogs, and swine, of which last
many were also drowned, but a number still wandered in
the jungle. These skeletons and bodies presented a dismal
sight, and rendered the atmosphere intolerable. It is for-
tunate that most of the bodies were carried into the sea,
otherwise the tainted state of the atmosphere would pro-
bably have produced a contagious pestilence amongst the
remaining population. The sea appears to have been most
violent between the campongs Simo, Babanirege, and Lakao,
on the west side of the island, where the greatest member
of pox sons perished. According to the account of a survivor
of the campong Babanirege, an earthquake was felt at the
fall of the evening, shortly before the inundation. All the
inhabitants then assembled, by order of the pungulu, on j
the open space in the middle of the campong, but a moment '
afterwards they tried to make their escape from thence, as
they dreaded the fall of the houses, which were already tot-
tering. They were driven back, however, by a rush of
water which approached from the back of the campong.
Running back from this, they were overwhelmed by another
terrific wave, which, out of 282 persons, swept off 206. The
informant lost his wife and three children, and was him-
self, with other persons, swept into the jungle inland,
where they were caught by the trees, or managed to hold
on. According to the account of this man, as well as others,
two waves met each other at this point, and wrought a
fearful destruction. Large masses of rock were carried
from the sea for 100 or 200 paces inland.

The Count Dimitri de Nesselrode has arrived at
Aburigy's Hotel from St. reteraburg,

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SE'PTEMBER 17, 1861.

L rt. E I,M T N E

AMERICA.
LONDONDERRY, SEPT. 16.

The Canadian screw steamer Hibernian, which
arrived here this evening, passed the Jura on the

NEW YORK, SEPT. 7.
(PER HIBERNIAN, via QUEBEC AND LONDONDERRY,

The Monticello and Harriet Lane have arrived
at Fortress Monroe, from Hatteras.

They report that the Confederates had abandoned
a strongly fortified fort at Olerake Inlet, carrying

Numbers of North Carolinians were coming in to
Fort Hatteras to take the oath of allegiance. Be-
tween 200 and 300 had done so in a day, some
offering to take service in the army. The white
flag was everywhere visible.
Since the engagement at Hatteras, the North
Carolina troops have been withdrawn from Vir-
ginia.

Officers have arrived at Washington from George
Heights, and report having heard heavy continuous
firing on the morning of the 6th inst. It appeared
to be partly in the vicinity of Munson's-hill, and
above the Chain-bridge] The cause has not been
ascertained.

The energy and activity of the army inspires the
Government with confidence as to the successful
maintenance of the Union.

Vigorous efforts are being made in Washington
to obtain the release of Mayor Berrett.
Messages have passed between General Grant
and the Kentucky Legislature with respect to the
Confederates from Tennessee having entered Ken-
tucky and fortified strong positions at Hickman
and Chalk Bluffs.

Governor Harris, of Tennessee, telegraphed that
the troops had landed without his knowledge, and
that he had telegraphed to President Davis respect-
ing their immediate withdrawal.

The Confederates have torn up the railway tracks
between Hamilton and Selbina.

Three schooners with a quantity of tobacco and
other property, the latter belonging to Senator
Daly, of Richmond, have been seized at Philadel-
phia under the Confiscation Act.
(LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.)
NEW YORK, SEPT. 7, EVENING.
Reports of the death of President Davis are still
current, and are probably well-founded.
Paduca (Kentucky) has been occupied by the
Federal troops.

A battle on the Potomac is considered imminent.
The Confederates have advanced their outposts
within three miles of Arlington.