The Sun.
London, England, 1861-07-03 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

The examination of candidates for admission to
the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, before
Major-Generel Knollys, the Vice-President, and the
members of the Council of Military Education, com-

menced on Monday last with the medical examina-
tion, at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. Owing to the
large number of candidates (about 250) a portion
are to be examined at King's College. There are
vacancies in the Royal Military Academy for be-
tween 60 and 70 successful competitors. The exami-

nation will extend over three weeks, terminating

on the 18th inst.

Col. Charles Bingham, the Deputy-Adjutant-
General at head-quarters, in a general regimental
order, dated the 29th ult., announces the following
changes, &c., in the Royal Artillery :
It having been decided to form an Artillery Depot
at Warley, his Royal Highness the General Com-
manding-in-Chief, with the concurrence of the
Secretary of State for War, has been pleased to

appoint the following cfficers to do duty at that
station, viz.:—Brevet.-Col. J. T. Leslie, C.B. ;
Lieut.-Col, Edward F. Hay, retired Indian service;

Adjutant, Major Francis Tower, retired Indian ser-
vice ; Paymaster, Lieut.-Col. S. J. Stevens, C. 8.,

retired Indian service; Assistant-Surgeon George

Naylor, Indian Medical Department (while on

Leave in England).

A Surgeon and a Quartermaster will be nomi•
nated hereafter. These officers of the Indian ser-

vice have bcen granted local rank "while employed
at Warley depot," and are to be attached to, and to
do duty with, the Royal Artillery, until their em-
ployment at that station ceases.
The following transfers of officers have been
ordered—viz., Lieut. Persse, from No. 8 Battery,
4th Brigade, to No. 3 Battery, 10th Brigade; Lieut.
Wickham, from No. 3 Battery, 10th Brigade, to No.
8 Battery, 4th Brigade ; Lieut. Grant, from No. 9
Battery, 4th Brigade, to No. 6 Battery, 11th
Bri-
gade; Lieut. Edmeades, from No. 1 Battery, 11th
Brigade, to No. 11 Battery, Depot Brigade ; Lieut.
Tracey, from No. 2 Battery, 14th Brigade, to No. 1
Battery, Depot Brigade ; Lieut. Gardiner, from
No. '7 Battery, 3d Brigade, to No. 4 Battery, 14th
Brigade ; Lieut. Brown, from No. 4 Battery, 14th
Brigade, to No. 7 Battery, 3d Brigade. Major
Penn's Battery, of the 4th Brigade, with Assist.-
Surg. Richmond and Veterinary Surg. Evans, has
embarked at Liverpool on board the Great Eastern,
for Canada. Capt. Smyth's Battery, 4th Brigade,
has proceeded from Woolwich to Aldershott. Surg.
Guy, M.D., has been ordered from Shorncliffe to
Shoeburyness, and Surg. Rudge, from Ireland, to
Shorncliffe.
The undermentioned batteries have been reported
as having embarked in India for England, and on
arrival will proceed to Woolwich, viz. :—" D" Bat-
tery, Horse Brigade ; No. 1 Battery, 13th Brigade ;
No. 3 Battery, 14th Brigade. The head-quarters
Staff of the 15th Brigade has also embarked for
England, and the following batteries are under
under orders, viz.:—Lieut..-Col. Besborough's, from
Madras ; Major Grant's, from Bombay ; Major
Craufurd's, from Bombay.
Referring to War-office circular, No. 676, of the
Bth of April, 1861, it is directed that the annual re-
turn of the state of cast-iron guns therein ordered
to be furnished to this department on the Ist of
June in each year shall be rendered in duplicate.
The annual return called for by the Horse Guards'
memorandum of the 17th of August, 1860, and the
sexennial return of the state of all ordnance,
usually transmitted to the Secretary of State for
War, need therefore no longer be furnished. In
the event of the return directed to be forwarded on
the Ist of June having been transmitted to this
department prior to the receipt of this order, a dup-
licate is to be forwarded without delay. It having
been decided that cupolas for melting iron for Mar-
tin's shells shall be protected from the influence of
the weather by painting, officers commanding
Royal Artillery are informed that gun anti-corro-
sion is to be used for this purpose, and 511 b. will be
required to paint each cupola and all its parts.
Whenever the cupola is used anti-corrosion on those
parts exposed to the heat will, of course, be de-
stroyed, to replace which 31b. only will be required,
provided the cupola does not require to be entirely
repainted. The requisite demand for materials are,
therefore, to be put forward with the least possible
delay, accompanied by explanatory statements,
showing the numbers to be painted.
Yesterday the chartered troopship Clarence, 1,250
tons, Capt. J. Watson, embarked the following
officers and troops at Government-quay, Gravesend,
for Madras :-2 men, 3 women, and 3 children, of
the Ist (the King's) Dragoon Guards ; Lieut. W.
Freeborn, 55 men, 7 women, and 7 children of the
Ist battalion Ist Royals ; Ensign E. Burr, 100 men,
4 women, and 6 children of the 3d battalion 60th
Royal Rifles; 2 men, 3 women, and 1 child of the
68th Light Infantry; Ensign F. Knight, Ensign
A. Irvine, Ensign J. C. H. Mansfield, 20 men, 1
woman, and 2 children of the 69th Regiment;
Lieut. C. H. Thompson, Ensign T. 0. Wingate, En-
sign J. F. Darvell, 80 men, 5 women, and 4 child-
ren of the 74th Highlanders; Capt. J. Sweet, of the
Madras Army', and Staff Assist: Surgeon Simon.

On Friday afternoon one of a series of fights
which took place in Cork during the day amongst
men of the Royal Cork Artillery Militia, who were
to be seen throughout the day in all parts of the
town drunk and riotous, occurred in Marlborough-
street. A fellow of the name of Patrick Donovan,
in the Artillery uniform, with a comrade similarly
dressed, was savagely beating a man in a civilian's
clothing, who was almost helplessly drunk. Not
alone did he beat him with his clenched fists,
but he kicked him in all parts of his body as
he lay on the ground. In this Donovan was
assisted by two women, one of them named Eliza-
beth Geany, who with the militiaman beat the
unfortunate man about the head, and dragged
handfuls of hair from it. This outrage was wit-
nessed by a large number of people, all of whom
were deterred from interfering. The shutters of the
houses in the neighbourhood were quickly put up,
but not before Donovan drove his fist through a
large pane of plate glass in the shop window
of Mr. Walker, tailor, Marlborough-street. After
some time Constable Vickers, with a number
of policemen, arrived at the spot, and suc-
ceeded in arresting Donovan and Geany, the other
militiaman having escaped. Donovan, on being
taken in charge, resisted in a manner that tested
the strength of half a dozen of the constabulary.
Several ineffectual attempts to handcuff him were
made by them ; and ultimately they had to drag
him along the streets to the Bridewell, where
he was lodged with Geany. During the removal
of the prisoners the mob became very great ;
and, as usual, being excited against the police,
fears were entertained that before their arrival
at the Bridewell they would be maltreated.
However, no attempt to rescue the prisoners was
made. In about an hour after this transaction had
taken place intelligence of the arrest of Donovan and
his committal to Bridewell was conveyed to Eliza-
beth Fort Barracks, where the Royal Cork City
Artillery are stationed, when some 300 men of the
regiment rushed out of the barrack and came down
to the city. In their way through Tuckey-street
they made an attack on the police-station there, but
were resisted by the constabulary, who were under
arms. After being foiled at the station they went
on to the bridewell, accompanied by a vast mob, the
militia yelling frantically. and declaring that they
would rescue Donovan. y When they came in front
of the Bridewell they demanded his liberation and
that of the other prisoner. Here the yelling and
shouting again commenced—the mob every moment
increasing in numbers ; so much so that the whole
space opposite the Bridewell, out in Kryl's-quay,
and the entire of Corn Market-street, was thronged
with a dense moving mass of people, who seemed
driven to the highest pitch of excitement. During
this uproar the marshal of the Bridewell, Mr. Howard
Rice, came out into the street and endeavoured bo
pacify the militia, who thronged round the gate, but
no sooner had he shown himself than he was knocked
down and trampled on by them. A cry was immedi-
ately raised among the women who hold street-stalls
in the neighbourhood that Mr. Rice was being
murdered, and with a courageousness worthy of the
occasion they rushed into the crowd, seized Mr.
Rice, and after much difficulty conveyed him into
a shop close at hand, they standing at the door,
defending him against the attack of the militia.
A short time after Mr. Rice was taken to the house
a number of policemen arrived, and escorted him back
to the Bridewell; but immediately after his getting
inside a rush was made at the gate, which, however,
was not fortunately closed in time to prevent any
of the militia gaining admittance. Stones were
then hurled against it and the building itself, glass
breken, and the riot was assuming a very serious
nature, when Colonel Wood, with a party of armed
men of the same regiment, arrived on the spot, and
succeeded to some extent in quelling it. Previously
to this a message was sent to the barracks for the
military, and after some time a large party of them
arrived at Bridewell, and formed a guard before the
entrance. A large number of the militiamen still
loitered about the place, and owing to their threat-
ening demeanour it was deemed advisable to leave
a guard of the military there during the remainder
of the evening. A number of the men were accord-
ingly told off for that duty, under the command of
Lieut. D. G. Protheroe, of the 6th Regiment, and
continued there until a late hour on Saturday night.

The following letter from an experienced Cale fa
merchant gives the latest impressions current as to.
the probability that Mr. Laing may soon find it
necessary to return to England, and offers some
practical suggestions regarding the steps that may
become necessary from that circumstance. It like-
wise describes the effect produced by the break-UP
of the recent opium speculation :
" Calcutta, May 19.
" By the mail of the 4th of May you will have re-
ceived the particulars of Mr.Laing'sbudget, and have
learnt how inuch pleas_ d all here were with it, and at
finding our financial difficulties disappearing directly
they were grapped with determination. The follow-
ing mail took the Government Gazette, containing
the particulars of the native regiments ordered to
be disbanded or reduced in number—a tangible
proof that Government was really doing what it had
promised. The same Gazette contained a notice of
the immediate reduction of the import duty en
cotton yarn to 5 per cent., the forerunner, as we
hope, of further reductions in a like direction, and
of a relief to our Manchester trade, now unfairly
weighted with duties of 10 per cent. in the race
with the native manufacturer, who pays nothing.
" I grieve to say that we seem likely to lose the
man who has done so much for us, and from whom
we hoped for so much more. Mr. Laing has been
sufferingseverel37from that terrible disease—dysen-
tery, and has just left this to cruise about that sea
in the Government steamer Auatraiian. The last
accounts are that he is somewhat better, and I.
hope he may recover his health entirely, and
come back to Calcutta, but it is very generally
said that unless he does so soon he will continue
his voyage and go back to England. He has done
much in a short time, but much more remains
to be done, and I fear we have no one in India to do
it unless it be Sir Bartle Frere, our President cf
the Council. He has high character, ability, and
energy—the last an attribute so often wanting in
old Indians,'—and may perform great service,
aided by Mr. Temple, one of our ablest civilians.
Mr. Temple is a member of the Military Finance
Commission, to which we owe so much, and was
desionated by Mr. Wilson as First Commissioner
of
.Currency under his currency scheme. Both of
these gentlemen have, however, abundance of work
to do already, and if Mr. Laing Cannot return we
l'shall again have to look lie England, though it may
be doubtful if a third, man will readily be found
to come out. You should, however, if possible;
send us a younger ' Chancellor of the Exchequer.'
Both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Laing were somewhat,
too old to confront an Indian climate after
long years of hard work in England. But very
many younger men and men of middle age come
out here, and have their health well. I am an in -
stance myself, for I came out here Oren years ego,
and, with the exception of a short illness at first,
acelimatizer; I have been very nearly as well
as in England. Whoever comes should be sure to
come out in the cold weather, and, though he
must lay his account to work hard, let him be de-
termined not to work too hard, and to avoid as
far as he possibly can working at night. You
may work at night in England, but it won't
do here. Anybody coming out here should, as
far as possible, do what we merchants do—have
some one to help him, some one to whom he qan
confide all his plans, and who can supply his place
if illness forces him to leave suddenly. His mind
is then more at ease, and if illness attacks him he
can be off sharp' to the Neilgherries, to Ceylon,
China, or anywhere else where he can recruit, and
then return to his work. Chancellors .of the Ex-
chequer may not be able to do this so easily as
partners in a firm, but something of the sort may
be possible. I have given you my ideas on this
matter, because I fear we shall want to import a new
financier, though I trust it may not be so. Happily
Mr. Laing has put matters in goad train, and has
given such an impulse to the machine, that it will
I hope, continue to work though our engineer leave
ns. But we shall want him back, or another engi-
neer to supply his place.
"We have nothing new in the financial way
lately, except a report to Government by the 'Civil
Finance Commission' as to the 'working of the Go-
vernment Stationery-office. They suggest such
alterations as will, they say, cause a saving of
some £30,000 a year, and the Government has
ordered all their recommendations to be carried
out. ' If these things are done in the green tree,
what shall be done in the dry ?' If £30,000 a year
can be saved is stationery, what can be saved by
proper economy in the whole administration of
India? The report is a perfect curiosity, and I feel
tempted to send it to Punch. The whole matter
would be laughable were it not too serious to see
Low money has been wasted.
" I have said, when writing before, that the prices
of opium must greatly affect our financial position,
and that if they kept up, they would afford a large
additional supply to Mr. Laing, and be likely to
give him a good surplus by the Ist May, 1862.
We are having a thorough illustration of the
difficulty there must always be in calculating
on this source of revenue, and of Mr. Laing's judi-
cious conduct in taking only the prices of last year
in his calculations for the present. One daring
speculator, a native, who had not a rupee a short
time ago, and who had been very successful in
operating for a rise,' made a great deal of money,
and in the April sale bought up the whole of the
Patna opium. Prices advanced, but, not satisfied, he
bought all the Patna in the May sale likewise. The
value of the two may be taken roughly at some
£600,000. This loss proved too heavy for him. He
has borrowed right and left, at all sorts of rates of in-
terest, has forced sales at a great loss, and has ended
by stopping payments. In the May sale Patna
opium averaged 2,576r5. a chest—an advance of
nearly 100 re. on the April sale, and he has sold as
low as 2,lsOrs.—probably lower still, in his despe-
rate efforts to keep himself afloat. What prices
will settle down to remains to be seen, but it is pro-
bable that next sale on the Bth of June will go con-
siderably lower than that of May. As Mr. Laing's
estimate was at the price of 1,748r5., he is still con-
siderably under the reduced value ; but when a
crash' of this kind happens one hardly knows
what the effect will be. I have alluded to this
matter, as it will show you the sort of specula-
tions going on here (though this specula-
tion has been on a scale never before known),
because it must affect the Government revenue,
and also because I fear it may to some ex-
tent influence unfavourably our import market.
Too many of our buyers of shirtings, metals,
will speculate in opium ; or, if they don't do
this, they will lend to speculators at usurious in-
terest money which they ought to 'pay to us for
goods sold. At this moment our bazaar is all wild
and a good deal of mischief may follow. I have no
pity for the opium speculators, who are a perfect
curse to the merchants, and eventually this tempest
will do good and clear the atmosphere. For some
time past our import market has been sadly in-
terfered with by these opium gamblers, and now it
is likely that Manchester will have to be patient
for a time, and not be surprised if sales are few and
remittances not sent on as freely as usual. We
shall hardly know at first 'whom to make new sales
to, and find it difficult for a time to get money in
for what is already sold."

[ADVERTISEMENT.]—Holloway's Ointment and Pills.--
Physical Exhaustion.—At no time in the year are preven-
tives to disease more imperatively demanded than at this
season. The heat causes the decomposition of animal and
vegetable matter:, whence exhalations arise, and mixing
with the atmosphere enter the blood through the medium
of the lungs. Holloway's Ointment, well rubbed upon the
chest twice a day, penetrates to those vital organs, and
all
thoroughly cleanses them and the circulation fromthrough
morbid taints, which would thence be disseminat d
e
the system, and give rise to serious maladies. The great
advantage of this external treatment will be appreciated by
invalids suffering from irritability of the bowels or exces-
sive weakness, where the slightest aperient medicine can-
not be safely administered.
••••an,

BIRTHS.
CAMPION.—On the 30th nit., at Ramsgate, the wife of
Commander Hubert Campion, R.N.C.L.H.K of
a

son.
~,,„,al—On the Ist inst., at 36, Lowndes -square,
LEtre3`vrrile-of Lcarmonth, of Dean, N. 8., of a
daughter.
,SPENCER .—On the 30th ult., at Sutton Vicarage, Isle of
Ely, the Hon. Mrs. Charles Spencer, of a eon.
MARRIAGES.

KING—LETHBRIDGE.—On the Ist inst., at Bishop's Ly-
deard Church, Somerset, Edward R. King, Esq., late
Captain 13th Light Dragoons, eldest son of Belton King,
Esq., of Chadshunt, Warwickshire, late M.P. for that
county, to Susanna Octavia, youngest daughter of Sir
John Hesketh Lethbridge: Bart., of Sandnill-park,
Somerset.
WEBB—HUNTING. On the Ist inst., at St. John's,
HackneY, William George Webb, Esq., of Stamford.
hill, to Margaret Susannah, younger daughter of Thos.
Hunting, Esq. of Richmond-road, Dalston.

DEATHS.

EIYWA.RDS.—On the 28th ult., at c•evenoaks, Kent, Ann

Edwards, aged 72.
FRERE.—On the Ist hat., at 9, Queen-street, Mayfair,
Mary Margaret Temple Frere, aged 4 years.
FERRY.—On the 30th ult., Ann Elizabeth, daughter of
Mr. W. Ferry, of Dalston, aged 20.
HOWELL.--On the 29th ult., at C olney-hatch, Geo. Howell,
Esq., aged 79.
LOCKYER.—On the 30th ult., at Reading, Ellen Ann Eliza-
beth, relict of the late Major-General Lockyer, aged

63.
M‘NicoLL.—On the 22d ult., at The Craig, Alyth, For-
farshire, suddenly, John M'Nicoll, Esq.
SABllcz.—On the 30th ult., at Elleray, Wiuderinere, the
residence of,• her sister, Mrs. Fiffard, Maria Sabine, age
76.

THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1861.

The age in which Diplomacy has formally em-
blazoned upon its banner the mystic word—

" NON-INTERVENTION"

is hardly the age in which to look confidently, or
even hopefully, for help being accorded to Poland
by the British Government. Yet—if not Help
(such is the argument, or rather the supplicative
expostulation last evening of Mr. POPE HEN-
NESSY, and after him of Mr. MONO/ETON MILNES)
—if not Help, at least Sympathy ! To this appeal
the noble lord the Foreign Secretary, and after
him the noble viscount the First Lord of the Trea-
sury, at once responded. Sympathy ? cries Lord
JOHN RUSSELL : Sympathy ? cries Lord PALMER-
STON—Yes, without doubt, by all means, cordially,
earnestly, we accord to Poland and the
Poles our Sympathy, the Sympathy, the heart-
felt Sympathy of Her Britannic MAJESTY'S
Government ! But—to look for anything beyond
that—to dream of anything more than verbal
sympathy being vouchsafed—were nothing less
than idle, absurd, preposterous. For, in one word,
What, we should like to ask—we, the chief ad-
visers of the Crown—we, the Prime Minister and
the Foreign Secretary—What, we should uncom-
monly like to ask in just one word, is the diplo-
matic characteristic of the age in which we live,
if it be not the significant and, in fact, distinguish-
ing characteristic of—Non-Intervention? Behind
that symbol of our policy we hide ourselves.
Beyond mere fine-sounding expressions of
sympathy we cannot go. We will consent
to the production of certain papers, if you
particularly wish to turn them over, but we tell
you frankly that they are in themselves little better
than mere waste-paper, and that the perusal of
them will lead infallibly to little else than so much
wilful waste of time. Still as you apparently do
wish to have these papers, to turn over the leaves of
this corespondence, they are at your service, we con-
aent to their production.

So that Mr. HENNESSY'S motion, after being dis-
cussed pro and con very entertainingly by himself
and by his accomplished seconder the hon. member
for Pontefract and by the two noble lords repre-
senting the whole weight of her MA-
JESTY'S Government—is agreed to. The young
Irish malcontent can hug himself with a satisfac-
tory consciousness of having just for once succeeded.
And Mr POPE HENNESSY can exult all the more,
because, while gaining his object in extorting the
palms he asked for, from the reluctant grasp of the
Administration—he has, at a momentous epoch in
the history of Polish suffering, ventilated afresh
the whole subject of Polish wrongs in the British
House of Commons ; eliciting anew the opinions
cherished at heart in regard to Poland and in
regard to the Poles by Lord JOHN RUSSELL, and
by that noble lord's distinguished Chief, Viscount
PALMERSTON.

It is an old regret that
expressed
last evening by her MAJESTY'S Foreign Se-
eretary, when he remarked —" One might have
thought that the first NAPOLEON, who disturbed so
many countries, who gave away so many provinces
and crowns, might have thought it an object of
ambition worthy of his great powers and extended
fame to restore the national existence of Poland."
And we may rest perfectly well satisfied that it is
not our regret alone that the Great NAPOLEON did
not crown all his other wonderful achievements by
the re-establishment of Polish independence ! It
must have been his own regret too, especially,
and most bitterly, in his island-prison of St.
lielena. That achievement—it is notorious as
an historical fact he designed and medi-
tated. When setting forth on his as-
tounding expedition into Russia the most
gigantic exploit ever adventured upon by an im-
perial conqueror, a leader of more men than
XERXES, a Lord Paramount over more kings than
SESOSTRIS—when setting forth upon his Russian
Expedition, NAPOLEON the Great is known to
have formally resolved upon re-establishing the
Kingdom and the Nationality of Poland.
instead of making that (as it
ought to have
been) a preliminary to his campaign in Russia,
he set. it aside (unhappily) as a sequel, as a
supple men tarp exploit for after accomplish-

menta Theo Russian campaign, as we all
know, was completely and absolutely successful
as a military achievement. Lord BROUGHAM has
emphatically designated it in this point of view
the most triumphant of all the marvellous cam-
paigns of NAPOLEON. But successful, pre-eminently
successful as a conquest, it failed absolutely in the
very climax of victory by the visible interposition
of the decrees of Providence. Then—when the
legions of NAPOLEON were perishing by battalions
under the blight of that wonderfully premature
winter—then far more truly than afterwards (when
NAPOLEON startled the Vienna Congress by
his Return from Elba) fell to the dust
the hopes of Poland, the hopes cherished so long
and ardently by the Poles, the expectation of the
re-establishment among the Powers of Europe of
that buried but still living Nationality. Those
hopes have since that time, it is true, reawakened, but
feebly and fitfully at intervals. " Still," as the noble
lord her MAJESTY'S Foreign Secretary remarked
last evening in the House of Commons, "looking
to a distant period, one cannot but think that for a
people endowed with so much courage, and which
has so long kept alive the holy flame of national
existence, a time is reserved when she may recover
her ancient glory, and take her place among the
nations of Europe." GOD grant it ! And in the
meanwhile Poland has at least the mingled solace
and (even in an age of non-intervention) encourage-
ment of the truthful and Heart-Born Sympathy
accorded to her alike by the English People and the
English Government.

The new Italian Minister has spoken again, and
with a frankness and boldness which seem more
like the daring of GARIBALDI than the general
caution of Count CAVOUR. His language is such
as would in very recent times have led Austria to
demand explanations, and then cross the frontier,
or, perhaps, to cross it without warning at all.
Throughout his language is—We mean to have
Rome, we mean to have Venetia ; the first by the
most friendly negotiation with France, the second
by force of arms, if nothing else will do. And—
we do not mean to cede a foot of Italian soil.
His text was as follows :—" We arm not only
for the defence of the national territory such as
it actually is, but also to complete it—to restore
it to its natural and legitimate boundaries." The
Minister had, it is true, to rouse the national feel-
ing to undertake the burden of heavy taxation and
loans. It was his to call upon it to take shares in
a national joint-stock company for the com-
pletion of the fabric of Italian unity, freedom,
and self-government—a company of patriots, whose
only dividends would consist of national honour
and relief from the incubus of the foreigner.
Eventually, indeed, the reward will be of a more
material character, for Venice and Genoa testify
what a self-governed Italy could do in the way of
commerce ; and the agricultural desolations, due to
the curse of foreign and priestly despotism, show
what the soil of Italy might pour into the lap of
Europe, after having filled that of her own sons,
when once the grand causes of depression
are removed. The land of wheat, of the
olive, and the vine—the land of whose pro-
duce both VIRGIL and HORACE sung, will
assuredly drive a splendid trade with England
when she awakes to the consciousness that she can
do what she will with her own. Sardinian trade,
since its liberation by CAVOUR, is, indeed, a proof
of this; and the charms of profitable industry will
soon stir up the husbandmen even of the more self-
indulgent South. Let the Bourbon brigands cease
to pour forth from the territory yet held by the
Vatican, and the hirelings of the banished tyrants
be swept from soil, and we shall see such an im-
provement in the agricultural districts of the Two
Sicilies as can be called forth only by the two great
blessings of perfect freedom and perfect security to
enjoy the fruits of one's labour.
But Baron RICASOLI'S text has led us to thoughts
which have often filled his own mind, but which,
for the present, must give way to thoughts of more
immediate urgency. " Defence" stands, of course,
first, and he intimates immediately, that only in
one quarter has he need to think of that. " The Go-
vernment has (he said) the happiness to announce
to Parliament that, with the exception of Austria,
its friendly relations with the principal Powers of
Europe are of the most satisfactory kind. The
Italian cause enlists general sympathy, and can
still count upon having allies." The other Powers
were as friendly as needful, some of them cordial ;
one only, and she because conscious of guilt towards
Italy, must be watched as an enemy. But that
Power is warned that, however much she -may
resent plain speaking. and however galling it may
be to see the liberated land arming and equipping
herself to unclench the hand which garottes
Venetia, she must still remain quiet in her dens.
She may enjoy for a time in her strongholds the
grim satisfaction of trampling down one corner of
Italy, but she is doomed also to look, without daring
to prevent it, on the chastisement preparing
for her.

RICASOLI admits of no ambiguity. " Thanks,"
he says, "to the principle of non-intervention,
our nationality will very soon be universally and
soleainly acknowledged, as well as our incontes-
table right to complete our independence." Then,
lest this should suggest the fear of cession, he
denies the possibility of it in the strongest terms.
"We disdain such an idea. I say, once for ever,
that I do not know of a foot of Italian soil which
has to be ceded, that I should not wish to cede
it, and absolutely will not cede it." Such is his
reassuring language on that point ; while he firmly
asserts that the Government is sensible of the great
task imposed upon it, and, by the help of GOD,
will fulfil it. " The RING'S Government sees a
nsweaeotariodnitsaolemexpressing territorysin to defend and to recover. It
and Venice, and addresses them in
the grief, wishes, hopes, and
intentions of the nation."
specific, but to avoidte possibilityThi s eoefm
ms
itsot
al tolerably
ye
einadchic.ateAssthteo
Aveuaystirnia7
" opportunity,"
expects ttshteo
rdeal wf
ti
ht he
hehi cpho he
o
he says,
approaching future; the
ig which time is preparing will open the way to
Venice." But France is to be dealt with as a friend.
The guarantees which France requires for the
POPE'S spiritual independence and dignity are, we
may hope, in the way of becoming satisfactory,
for, in one respect, the case is urgent. Rome is a
centre now of disturbance. "Rome, politically sepa-
rated from the rest of Italy, will continue to be the
centre of intrigues and conspiracies, and a permanent
menace to public order. For Italians, therefore, it
is not only a right but an inexorable necessity. But
we do not wish to go to Rome aided by rash and
inopportune insurrectionary movements, which
might compromise the natio:al work. We wish
to go to Rome in accord with France, not destroy-
ing but building up, and at the same time open-
ing to the Church a way of reform by giving her
that liberty and independence e: hich will invite
her to re,generation—a task to be accomplished by
that purity of religious sentiment and simplicity of
manners—by that severity of discipline which in
the primitive ages rendered her glorious and vene-
rated, and, by the frank and loyal abandonment of
that power which is opposed to the great idea
of her ins#tution."

We can hardly suppose such language as we have

quoted can have been employed without an under-
standing with the Power which has now the keys
of Rome. That Power, in one of its last utterances,
severed boldly, in language, as RICASOLI has done,
the temporal from the spiritual power of the
POPE. RICASOLI adds that the severance, in fact,
will be the instrument of a much-seeded regenera-
tion. Italians, many of them, sincerely believe
this. They believe in the Bishop of ROME, in the
successor of ST. PETER, but, with too good reason,
they detest the Papacy. They are, in truth, honestly
of the same religion as that which their mothers
taught. But education, while it leaves them Roman
Catholics, will not allow them to be Papists. Their
real desire is for a religious Bishop, not for an oppres-
sive, petty, yet pompous potentate, in whom to see
any resemblance to:the first Bishop, taxes too much
their fancy and their faith.

But what will be the bearing of the bold speech
on the Hungarian crisis ? But yesterday we heard
of the Emperor of AUSTRIA commencing his fierce
contest with the country of whose Crown he is, as
yet, only the usurper ; and whose Diet's address
he dares to send back for amendment. Hungary
and Italy are pairs in this contest with the com-
mon oppressor. By both he is cordially and justly
hated; in both his dominion is co-extensive with
the range of his cannon. In Venetia these cannon
have a treaty right, though none whatever morally
—but in Hungary every German foot-soldier, dra-
goon, and artilleryman, is a violation of the funda-
mental laws to which the Hapsburg dynasty is
solemnly sworn. In Venetia, by technical right,
Austria perpetrates a permanent outrage which
"time and opportunity" will avenge. But, in Hun-
gary, it is all shameless, brazen-faced villany ;
FRANCIS JOSEPH is there politically and morally
on a level with the worst political criminals. He
has stolen a Crown, and asks the brave and noble-
minded Hungarians to do homage to the avowed
thief ! Their homage ought to be the present of a
halter.

Upon the very morrow of the sudden demise of
the late Lord High Chancellor of England, we
stated confidently in the columns of The Sun what
would be the legal changes consequent upon that
lamentable event. Subsequently a variety of
rumours were afloat in other quarters to the effect
that the vacant posts were to be filled up quite dif-
ferently. In several instances, indeed, merely con-
jectural statements rose into all the confidence of for-
mal, and even as one might call them, semi-official
announcements. Mr. Justice HILL was to retire
from the Bench on the plea of severe
indisposition: Sir WILLIAM ATHERTON was
to have his slighted feelings, as an ambitious lawyer,
assuaged by his being advanced, or, in other words,
honourably shelved through the convenient medium
of his promotion (?) to a Puisne Judgeship. Mr.
ROUNDELL PALMER was to have comfortably found
for him a seat in the House of Commons as an in-
stant stepping-stone to the Attorney-Generalship.
Mr. COLLIER was to be inducted into the second
best place among the law officers of the Crown, the
Solicitor-Generalship, left vacant by the advance-
ment to the Bench of Sir WILLIAM ATHERTON.
Well, fully a week passed by and the semi-official
organ of the Whigs announced tardily -what we
had already announced eight days earlier in these
columns of The Sun. The result proving, in spite
of all the intervening rumours to the contrary,
that the legal changes consequent upon Lord
CAMPBELL'S Death were exactly what we alone
among all the journals had at the first moment
intimated confidently they would be. Sir
RICHARD BETHELL, now Lord WESTBURY, has
in due course won his peerage, and with
his peerage the Chancellorship. Sir WILLIAM
ATHERTON has in due course been advanced from
the Solicitor-Generalship--not to the Bench, where
we are glad to know that Mr. Justice HILL yet has
health sufficient to hold his own, but—to the Attor-
ney-Generalship. There still remains only the vacant
post lately occupied by Sir WILLIAM ATHERTON,
as Solicitor-General, to be filled up. That we,
ourselves, as far back as on last Monday se'nnight,
intimated would be the only dubious or proble-
matical part of all these legal changes and
arrrangements. A better choice under present
circumstances could hardly be made than
that of Mr. COLLIER, as the new Solicitor-
General. " First catch your bare," was the judi-
cious axiom of Mrs. GLASSE, or rather of Dr. HILL,
who wrote the famous Cookery Book under that
nom-de-plume. The familiar recommendation
happens, by the way, to be not altogether unworthy
at this moment of application to Mr. RouN-
DELL PALMER : whose abilities as a Lawyer
and an Advocate undoubtedly qualify him for any
promotion that might be decided upon in his re-
gard by Lord PALMERSTON —if only Mr. RouN-
DELL PALMER were to this end previously enrolled
again among the ranks of the national representa-
tives! First obtain your seat in the House of Com-
mons—and then look for the dropping into your
silk gown of the " lips pear" of the Solicitor-
Generalship—nay, even, if the hour be but propiti-
ous for those ripe grapes that only look sour, the
dignities, and emoluments, and privileges apper-
taining to the Attorney-Generalship!