The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-28 00:00:00

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IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF LORDS—(YEsTE
ROYAL COMMISSION.
The Royal assent was given to the following bills by
commission :—Grand Julies (Ireland) Act (1846)
Amendments, Turnpike Trusts Abolition (Ireland)
Amendments, Constabulary Force (Ireland), Briton
Ferry Docks, Glasgow City and Suburban Gas,
Seetti-h Central Railway, Stamford and E*encline
Railway, Victoria (London) Docks, Great Northern and
Wester:, (ef Ireland), Great Southern end Western Ex-
tension Railway, Leslie Beilway, Keith and Dufftown
Railway, Dex horp Turnpike Trusts, London (City)
Coal Duties, European and Indian Junction Telegraph
Company, West of Fife Mineral Railway, Clyde Navi-
gation, Pultenay Town and Harbour, Elie Harbour,
New Qiay Pier and Harbour, Reading Junction Rail-
way, Shirley River Improvement; Stockport, Dislev,
and Whaley Bridge Railwey ; Workeop and Altereliffe
Road, Westminster Terminus Railway Extension
(Clapham to Norwood), Blackwater Bridge and
Road, Cork and Youghal Railway, Hereford Ca-
thedral Rest iration Ltate, Atlantic Telegraph
Company, Dartmouth and Torbay Railway, Dun-
dalk and Enniskillen Railway, Newton and Mac-
hynleth Railway, Prestwick, Bury, and Retcliffe
Roads ; Shropshire Union Railway and Canal, (London
and North-Western Railway and Shropshire Canal
Companies), Deeside Railway, Banff, Macduff, and
Turiff Extension Railway ; Stockton New Gas and
. Stockton Gas Consumers, Banff, Portsoy, and Strathirla
Railway ; Burslum and Turnstall Gas, Bristol, South
Wales and Southampton Union Railway ; Newcastle-
under-Lyne and Leek Roads, Longport, Somerton,
and Castle Cary Roads; Lowestoft Water Gas
and Markets, Australian Agricultural Company,
Ely Tidal Harbour and Railway, Margate Water,
Tyne Improvements, Wimbledon and Dorking
Railway, Shrewsbury Gas, Lewes and Uckfield Rail-
way, Newry, Warrenpoint, and Rostrevor Railway ;
Mallow and Ferrnoy and Great Southern and Western
Railway, Bury Gas, St lby and Market Wiglehton Turn-
pike Road, West Somerset Railway, Stratford-upon-
Avon Gas,London Gas Light Company (Capital), Milford
Improvements, Orkney [toads, East Kent Railway,
Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland (Sligo Ex-
tension), Monklands Railway, Flemings Estate, Camp-
bell a Divoree, and Smith's Divorce.
BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE.
The Earl of DERBY called the attention of their
lordships to the state of the business of Parliament, with
a view of adopting some means of bringing it to a conclu-
sion. There were no less than 38 bills before the House
of Commons, of which their lordships knew nothing. Of
these no less than 19 were waiting for committal, and
five for a third reading. He had heard the 20th of Au-
gust mentioned as the time fixed fur the prorogation of
Parliament, but it was more likely to be the 20th of Sept.
if the business was not facilitated. He had hoped that the
Government would have interfered to prevent the great
scandal of sending up bide to their lordships' house for
which there was not sufficient time for discussion, and
he did not think it at all unreasonable that they should
fix the 4th of August as the day beyond which they
would not receive any bills from the other house of
Parliament.
Earl GRANVILLE said the evil was no doubt very
great, but he bad heard from his noble friend
near him that there had been a number of
complaints for the last 50 years of the same evil. It
was a sut-ject which required to be very delicately han-
dled, but if the noble 'earl would agree to the 7th of
August as the day beyond whieh no bills would be re-
ceived, he should offer no opposition on the part of the
Government to such an arrangement.
The Earl of DERBY said be had no objection to the
7th of August being named ; on the contrary, he would
willingly assent to it. All that he wanted was, that a
certain day should be fixed.
Lord REDESDALE then gave notice that to-morrow
would submit a resolution to the effect that no bills, ex-
cept those of pressing necessity, should be received from
the other house after the 7th of August.
FINSBURY PARK BILL.
Lord WENSLEYDALE moved that in the case of
the Finsbury Park Bill (No. 2) the sessional order
that no private bill be read a second time after the 21st
of July be dispensed with, in order that the bill be read
a second time.
Aftera few words from Lord REDESDALE, the mo-
tion was agreed to and the bill was read a second time.
THIRD READINGS.
On the motion of Lord REDESDALE, the following
bills were severally read a third time and passed :
Baroness Windsor's EAate, Metropolitan Railway (No.
2), \Vatchet Harbour, South Staffordshire Water (as
amended), and Salford Borough (as amended).
AFFAIRS OF INDIA.
The Marquis of CLANRICARDE moved for copies
of the correspondence of the Court of Directors with the
Board of Control and with the Governor-Generalof
relating to the amount of European forces,
either of the British or the Indian army; to
be maintained in that country since the let
of April, 1856, or relating to the employment of military
officers upon political or other civil services. In making
ttis motion he bad not the slightest wish to embarass
the Government. He had every reliance on their energy,
and en the r nergy of his noble friend and relative the
Governor-General of India, and he was sure that Parlia-
ment wo&d be ready to grant whatever was required in
the present emergency. But they had a duly beyond
that of putting down the mutiny in India. He had no
doubt, and no rational man could doubt, that the autho-
rity of this country would be re-established in India,
whether in a week or a month, or three months. But
when that was effected, the real difficulty of the Parlia-
ment and Government of this country would only have
commenced, because it would be necessary to revise,
recast, and reconstruct the whole machinery by which
India was governed. It was absurd to supp ,se that the
prevent machinery could go on. Cue!! anything be more
ridiculous than to hear a Minister of the Crown inform-
ing the Parliament of the country that it had pleased
certain gentlemen in Leadenhallsstreet to allow the
sending of 14.000 men to India! The present state of
things could only lead to embarrassment. If a difference
of opinion arose between the Board of Control and the
Court of Directors, the Minister of the Crown could
only compel the Court of Directors to sign his order by
a mandamus. He was not insensible to the career of
the East India Company, which was one without a paral-
lel, and performed things of which it might well be
proud ; but that company was really and virtually ex-
tinguished iu 1833. The disgraceful »tate of the Indian
tribunals and Indian finance was not denied, and now
the picture was completed by the state of the Indian
army. With a population of 100,006,000 in India, could
any one believe that if that country had been well go-
verned, it would not have afforded England considerable
aid in the last war with Russia ! The fact wm, how-
ever, that the actual Government of India was unable
to spare a single pound or single man, or a single pound
of gunpowder, in aid of the British army. It well go-
verned, the Indian army would be the terror of Europe
and of Asia. But now, India afforded the unparalleled
and anomalous example of 30,000 troops melting away
from our command, without an object, without a com-
mon purpose, without any ostensible cause whatever. It
should be borne in mind that some of these men had
spent 13 or 14 years in the army, which was so much
towards the obtaining a pension for the rest of their
lives. Ehlietmert, too, was voluntary, and looked
upon as a prize. He did not be ieve that this mutiny
was caused by greased cartridges. or by any religious
feeling, because the Mahemetan as well as the Hindoo
soldiers were iu revolt. But it appeared that whilst all
the officers who had been in India said that they were not
surprised at the outbreak, the Government and the Court
of Directors had been taken by surprise. Nor were these
statements of the Indian officers prophecies after the
event, because he had a letter written a y ear and a-half
ago, by an Indian officer to his friends at home, in which
he says—" For my part, I believe we are on the brink
of a gr. at outbreak." Was that all 1 Did not the noble
earl opposite (Edenborough) mention to his superiors the
state of insubordination in which the Bengal army was I
Yet no steps had been taken to prevent a mutiny, and
the Court of Directors expressed their surprise at that
event when it did not come with surprise or any other
man. Many well-known causes might be referred to for
the present state of the army—fur instance, officers being
detached from their regiments to perform duties which
ought not to bo imposed on the military but on the police. Aeain, changes iu discipline and other matters ha-
d
been m. de, without tieing properly explained to the men.ye
Political action, annexations, and the deposition of native
princes, had had a great effect on the minds ofertehewasoonit-
diers, as regarded our moral supremacy. T
to look upon us, not only as the most powerful people,
people,
but as the most just. A friend of his, not long returned
muchretuened
from India, who was in the habit of cornmuni)ena
with the natives, said that he had never found any ques-
tion so difficult to answer as when he was asked why the
King of Oude had been deposed and his territory annexed
to the dominions of this country. Many Oudeans were
soldiers in our army. But the great evil, that which lay
at the foundation of the revolt in India, was the manner
in which our army was officered. He did not believe that
the Court of Directors, in sending over young men from
this country, made a worse choice than any other body
of men would do. The young Englishmen sent out
might be a lair average of the generality of their country.
wee, but what be found fault with was the sy,teur of
promotion and of employment of officers when they got
out. Among the many valuab'e suggestions of Sir Chas.
Napier, both in his evidence before their lordships and in
bis writing, he recommended that young men appointed
to the army of India should first pass some time in
England with a regiment, in order to learn regimental
duties before they were sent out. While a young man in
the civil employment only became eligible after a certaiu
time passed in India, those appointed to the army were
immediately placed at the head of their regiments with-
out any know edge of their duties. Of course the native
non-commissioned officer who bad to drill such a youth
bad not the respect for him which he would have if he
came out perfect in his duties. Sir C. Napier mentioned
a battalion of 800 men which had only two European
officers, one of them a young nsign, who, if anything
had happened to the senior officer, would have had to
take the command of the battalion, and who did not even
underetaed Low to drill a company or a guard. Only
last week he met a friend wbo had a son in the Indian
army, and who had been with his regiment 12 years, The

DAY. f

2-- -

NEWS PAP E

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. • ' 3 i4.2;t i'o 4t,
fact was he had got civil em of.,_ I. ;-,4 '
versed in it, but if recalle 3o;,_seestee4, gildleer
hardly know a man in it. israttekfjl4 ' debeen
air„
eetirely ignered by the Court of` torsi n_dpril or
May, 1556, a statement of Lord DalM 74.011 e.'l before
the C curt, in which the Govrinor-G
L.• ~. *the
military branch of government hed re -e, ,tine
and improvement, and yet 40,000 tuen, without any AP.
signed cause, deserted their ranks. Could it be gel eyed
that there was not a sufficient reason for this I In the
paper-, laid before Parliament that day was a despatch
from Viscount Canning, who assumed the government in
March, 1856, calling attention to a complaint made by
Lord Dalhousie six months before of the paticity of offi-
cers for the public service; but in the interval nes remedy
had been supplied. On the other hand, au increased em•
ployment of officers on the civil service had been sect-
ioned by the Court of Directors, and the Governor-Ge- •
neral had been authorised to take away every fie'd officer
and a large proportion of the captains. The answer of the
Court of Directors was that, owing to the state of their
finances, they could appoint oneadditional captain to each
regiment. And yet this Government, at the time they
were complaining of their finances, authorised a diminu-
tion of the soldiers. Such neglect of an array was never
before witnessed. What were this appropriate remedies for
this state of things he could not say He had ei en very
wild notions propounded—a 3 tlaatail higlacapts Brahmins
should be expelled the army, and that 60,000 European
troops should be sent to India. The history of the In•
diau army showed that the high-caste Brebruiret had
been recruited, because they were mon of euperi r intel-
ligence, and would serve to counterbalance the Mahomc-
tans. On this point Sir John Malcolm bore conclusive
testimony to the advantage of baring flajepoote and
Brahmins in the army, observing at the same time that
this instrument must be careful y managed, otherwise it
would become one i f weakness instead of etrengi b. Sir
C. Napier had also pointed out the necessity of the
sepoys being properly trained and officered. This cool 1
not be the case when the bulk of the officers were drawn
away to make their fortune elsewhere. Mach bad been
said in favour of the irregular troops, but they wire sub
ject to precisely the same influences as the sepoys.
They were extremely brave tr iopi. On one eccasion
they fought from noon till eight the next morning, and
won the battle ; but because they were not allot ed to
plunder as they wished, they ail went home tee next
day. When they talked of bringing 60,000 E iropsan
troops into India he would ask who was to Joey the cost I
Such a step would have a great effect on the army at
home, as well as that employed fur garrison purposes.
With every respect for the prolific powers of this coun-
try, he did not not believe it could supply men enough
for our own army at home and abroad, and kee p down
100 millions in India. The fact was that British India
belonged to the British Crown : it ought to be alminie-
tered by a Minister of the Crown, who should be re.
sponsible to Parliament. It wets said that this would
open a door to party influence ; but the same argument
would apply against all Pareamentery Government.
Parliament had interfered in the affairs of India before
now, as in the cases of Clive and Warren Hastings
Hastings was a great statesman ; but thee Parliamentary
supervision exercised over his Government was a great
advantage. The same was the case in the time of Lord
Melville. He trusted that the Government would mee
Parliament next session with a plan for carrying out
this object. It they failed in this duty he was confident
that Parliament would take the matter into their own
hands and put a stop to the disgraceful practice of trans-
ferring the offieers of the army to civil employnaei ts.
Tae Duke of ARGYLL said the noble lord was pro-
bably aware that, since he had placed his motion on the
paper, Lord Palmerston had leid on the table of the
other house the papers for which he asked ; those papers
would of course be communicated to their lordships ;
and so far the noble marquis's object would be attained.
Whatever might be the duty or toe privilege of en indi-
vidual member of that house to enter into questions of
that kind, it would be highly imprudent in members of
the Government to enter upon premature discussions of
the very difficult question to which his noble friend had
referred. It would require very long and anxious in-
quiry and care.nl consideration. The necessity of this
would be more impressed on their minds when they
looked at the different suggestions made in the public
journals as to the causes which had led to this great out-
break in the Indian army. With some exceptions, it
might be said that those suggestions took their colour
from the political or personal feelings of those by whom
they were made. Within the last fortnight, even, one
suggestion had been made, coming from a person whose
prejudices-were evidently strong against the noble earl
opposite and that distiguished general whose opinions
had been recently FO much quoted, Sir C. Napier, and
it was to this effect—that all these evils had arisen from
the unjust manner in which at different times the Go-
vernment of India had endeavoured to tax the states of
India, and he alluded to the injustice of collecting
arrears—an opinion which would have been much modi-
fied by a perusal of the life of Sir C. Napier. Another,
whose political opinions were much opposed to those of
Lord Dalhousie., wrote that the recent annexation of
Oaths was tee great source of disaffection in India. An.
other man wrote, on the contrary, that the keeping up
of so many native states was a great cause of the weak-
ness of our Indian empire. He was happy to be able to
relate a circumstance, information of which had been
brought by the very last mail, which might show the
animus and disposition with which Lord Canning acted
towards the native states. Not many months ago, the
Rajah of Gwalior visited Calcutta ; Lord Canning re-
ceived him with very marked attention, gave him every
possible honour that could be shown to a native sove-
reign, and for the s xtent to which he carried those honour.
he was actually attacked by a considerable portion of the
press in Calcutta. Before the Rajah left Calcutta Lord
Canning addressed him and told him that be Rusted to
prove how much more satisfactory it would be to the
Government of England to see tho native states governed
well by their own rulers, than to take possession of them
in the name of England. (Hear, hear.) He believed
that that was the spirit in which Lord Canning
would always wish to deal with the native States. They
had now heard that one of the very first princes who
had put his forces at the disposal of the English Govern.
ment to suppress the revolt was this very Rajah of
Gwalior, who had been received with such honour by
Lord Canning. (ether writers said that one great mistake
had been in not sufficiently keeling up the supremacy
and dignity of the English Government. Others con-
tended that it was owing to our not coming to the suc-
cour of the ryots against the zemindars. At the begin-
ning of the present session a very important petition
was presented to their lordship; complaining of the op-
pressiou which the ryots suffered at the hands of the
zemindars, and calling for assistance—bet this Was met
by a counter-petition stating that the evils of which they
complained had arisen from their own conduct in at•
tempting to enforce Christianity. These were specimens
of the various contradictory opinions which had been
expressed in the last few weeks respecting the causes of
this great Indian calamity. Another suggestion, made
just now by the noble marquis, had not been borne out
by fair argument. Reny cause was more generally agreed
upon than another, it was the small proportion of Euro-
pean officers who were serving with their regiments ;
and the noble marquis referred this rather to tne direc.
torA of the East Indian Company than to the Indian
Government at home. His decided impression was That
that great evil of the Indian army could nut be traced
to that particular branch of the Indian Government. It
was perfectly plain that it was rather an object with the
Court of I:erect-ore to increase their radars'', patronage
than otherwise. They could have no objection to increase
the number of officers in the army, so leng as the pa-
tronage continued in their hands ; they had every in-
ducement from selfish motives to increase the number of
officers. But the small number of officers was clearly
connected with the extension of those other duties to
which they had been called away; and how had that
arisen! Certainly, in a great measure, from the large
extension of cur territories during the last 30 or 40
years. Was it true then—could it be said with justice
that those various accessions of territory had been
mainly urged on by the directors of the East India
Company 1 He believed the reverse to be the fact.
He believed that the traditionary tendency of 'that
body, an I the genera character of their direc-
tion, had been against the annexation of foreign terri-
tory, and that the great annex ktion of territory—the
result of necessity and circumstances—had taken place
under the direct action of those English statesmen whom
the English Government bad sent- out as Governors-
tog India.
hentsrealetoaftement ,
f his (lies nar,obhelo hear.) He
To
edeaid tiheisgreinaateraiear.
mitt' was
branchasnot of the Indiantraceableeit Government.her particularly
In some
lyorgenerallyei
to that
hheaedntairreislyencofrn.cmurrtehdise
He
ee
hnoopholedmtahroluitsh'se opbaseeirevawtihoincsh
nigyisilhdplaarwhaumidennto:toloeandastthielyEtooglaibhanpduobn.
ativteheayrnahayd. so long shown
It a
ells
dn
notthe
greatlic, or mutiny
n English
charactertconfidencehat
o f t h
e which
n
necessarily follow that this outbreak in the Indian army
was connected with any deep-laid scheme against Bri-
tish dominion in tbat country. Ile would hardly venture
to express an opinion. There could be no doubt that
there had been some mismanagement ; but even amongst
civilised nations great movement; at times took place as
if by some sudden impulse, and extended themselves
with remarkable rapidity in every direction. Such had
been the case in Europe in 1548, when the English
Government, stable as it was, to came the subject of
considerable anxiety and alarm. The present outbreak
in India might thus prove to be the effect of one of
those momentary panics, and not the result of any great
organised conspiracy against the British Government.
(Hear.) The news they were awaiting from India might,
however, show that the evil was more deep-seated ; but
he could not think that they were at present called upon
to abandon the idea that the native army, under a better
system and with greater precautions, might not be rein-
stated. (Hear.) A t any rate, it was their clear duty
e • to
rd
put down the insurrection ; and be was sure their
losseir l
of
ships would not be prepared to submit to t
that great empire which had conferred so much uch
would be so glory on
h
our arms, and the abandonment of which
gmraenatashapueetaor.o)nrselver, and so great a calamity to
kind-
- The motion was then agreed to.
THE SUCCESSION DUTIES ACT.

Lord REDESDA LE presented a petition complaining
of the mai.ner inwhich the sucoeseion duties were levied
the and expressed an opi-
act was so complex
bnyi
nn th
leboth
o a
trhda ot f
tlhot: awn do
rRd riv)
ge usrufe
and doubtful that it required amendment, and Also that
the uuttwritzes at Somerset-house placed too harsh
construction upon its provisions.

Earl GRANVILLE defended alike the act and those
by whom it was adminihtered. The points mentioned
by the petitioner had all been raised in that house during
the committee on the bill ; and their lordships had de.
I.berately adopted the enactments complained of. As for
the mea,,ure being too harsh, he might remind their lord.
ships that although Mr. Gladstone had calculated the
income that would be derived from it at 2,000,000/. a
year, and although some of their lordships had expreased