The Sun.
London, England, 1861-04-19 00:00:00

AUStRIA AND HUNGARY.

A letter from Vienna dated April 15, says,-"
During the last three days the Moderates in the
Hungarian Diet have been trying to persuade the
Ultras to agree to an Address to the Sovereign in
reply to the Message which was communicated to
the two Houses by the Royal Commissary. Desk,

Eotvos, Gorove, and Szalay, have more than once
spoken in favour of an Address ; but Count L.
Teleky, Nyary, Lonyay, and all the other ad-
vanced Liberals, maintain that there is no necessity
for one. " Let the Diet," say they, " take resolu-
tions, and in the regular way of business tommuni-

cate them to the Crown." The members of the
Lower Chamber have held none but private con-

rerences since Friday last ; but it is knOwn that the

discussions relative to the Address have been ex-

ceedingly animated. All the members of the Lower
House will insist on the restoration of the laws of

848, but the Moderates wish, if possible, to avoid

a rupture with the Government. The Ultras, on
the contrary, who aim at the separation of Hun-

gary from Austria, endeavour to render a com-
promise impossible. During the lost 24 hours I
have discussed Hungarian matters with several

experienced politicians—Magyars as well so
Austrians—and all of them agree with me in
thinking that a civil war is almost inevitable.
The Austrians believe the Hungarians may be
" brought to their senses" by violent measures ;
but I am not of the same opinion. Extreme

severity would lead to rebellion, and, if there
should be a rising in Hungary, Austria would
soon be attacked in Venetia, and possibly on
her eastern and south-eastern frontiers. The Con-

servative party in Hungary exists but in name, and
the Austrian Government is now well aware of the

fact. For the moment Deak and Eotvos are able to

make head against the Ultra-Liberals (Separatists);
it is foreseen that the party of which County L.
Teleky is the acknowledged leader will soon carry
all before it. The Austrians say that the Emperor

ought not to make any further concessions to the
Hungarians, but it would be well for all parties if
the Government could manage to come to an under-
standing with the moderate Liberals, who still
maintain that the union of Hungary and Austria
is a political necessity. The more Conservative
Magnates are extremely depressed, and one of them
a few days ago told me that the state of things in
Hungary is almost as bad as it was in 1848. He
also spoke of the irresolution of the Emperor, who
gives a promise to his Hungarian subjects on one
day and allows himself to be persuaded to retract
it on the next. Of the 300 persons returned
to the Hungarian Diet 118 are men who were
in serious difficulties at the close of the war in

1849; 40 of them were either condemned to
death or to prolonged imprisonment, but escaped
the punishment awarded to them by crossing
the frontier into Turkey. There are also twelve
Honved officers and 32 Magnates in the Lower
House. In the Upper House there are four persons
who, for a time, were shut up in a fortress, and
15 or 16 Honved officers. It is said that M.
Pulssky, as an Hungarian deputy, applied to
Baron Vay for a " safe conduct," but that the
Austrian Government refused to grant it. It iS
rumoured that Count L. Teleky will be called to
account for breaking the promise which he gave to
the Emperor. General Benedek has just issued a
"Presidia] Rescript," which cannot fail to produce
a great sensation in Hungary and to make the
Magnates his personal enemies. The document ito
long, but the sense of it may be given in a conden-
sed form.
" His Majesty," says the Commander-in-Chief of
the Austrian army in Italy, " has been pleased to
give a Liberal Constitution to his subjects. As ex-
military men have right of suffrage it may be well
that I should make known my opinions to them.
In fact it is necessary that we soldiers should see
our way clearly.
" All the nationalities will have an opportunity
of developing themselves, but the Reichsrath is
to
have the management of all those matters which
concern the empire at large. Notwithstanding
that so much has been given, many persons are die-
contented, and would fain sow the seeds of doubt ,
and distrust. Who is it that is opposed to the:
realization of the intentions of the Emperor?
Abroad, certain Governments which have an in-
veterate hatred to Austria, and patronize revolutions.
At home, advocates and physicians who have ner
practice, ambitious and avaricious journalists, dis-
contented professors and schoolmasters. To these
may be added all the petty nobles who like to hear
the sound of their own voices, and a few dastardly
Magnates, who do not see that they will be lost if
they do not cling firmly to the throne. Thus the per-
sons who agitate against the new Constitution are
either traitors or a part of the intelligent mob.
" Our duty, as soldiers, is to act according to the
laws of honour and to obey.our Sovereign. The
struggle here, in Venetia, will be violent but deci-
sive, and it is our duty to hold firmly together, ill
order that the victory may be ours. The Monarch,
has to be kept together by the exertions of the
army, and I confidently expect that each individual
will do his duty when the day of trial comes.
" Such are my opinions and views, and I WiE4,
them to be communicated to the soldiers in their
mother tongue ; but it must be well understood
that the contents of this rescript are only to be
known in military circles.
"Feldzeugmeister BEN EDO:.
" Head-quarters at Verona, March 27."
The publication in the Militar Zeitung of Belle'
dek's ill advised address to the army was a gross
breach of confidence, and its evil consequences will
speedily be seen. The Feldzeugmeister speaks 01
" dastardly" Magnates, and one or other of ale,
high-spirited Hungarian nobles will not fail to cal'
him to account for the defamatory expression.
In some of the foreign papers it has been said
that the disturbances in Poland are likely to lead
to a close alliance between Russia, Prussia, an
Austria, but the question of an improved militia
organization of the German Confederation has
led to a new misunderstanding between the last;
mentioned Powers. The Austrian general, Celle"
Huyn has been recalled from Berlin, and the neg.(/'
tiations between the Austrian and. Prussian Govern;
ments are, for the present, broken off. Prussia 1
said to have endeavoured, but in vain, to obtain fro
le
Austria the privilege of alternating with her in th:
presidency over the Federal Diet. Another Net;
flan which Prussia wished to make was, that sheili
cese of war, should have the supreme command °I
all the North German contingents to the Feder!
army. There is now a great ferment in Gallicr.,'
and several measures of precaution have re
been
f
taken by the Imperial Government. The 1
habitants of the province have received notice th;
they will be severely punished if they c irry stieot
with metallic ferules or knobs, and they are 4.1311,
allowed to have masses read for the repose 0f at
souls of their fellow-countrymen who were sle ti_gas
Warsaw. In the evening of the 11th inst. there "..ra
a great tumult at
,Cracow, but I have not be'
that any one was wounded. Between 4‘,,o:cilhei;
5,000 persons knelt down in front of the ,-,aa 0 a
church, and began to sing " God of the rele!:_ird
national anthem. Towards the end of the ILLr,
stanza a detachment of soldiers made its apPe:,,
ante, and on seeing it the people quietly retir
richten says that the loaded
The Cracow correspondent of
gtahnee/eu in teisite citadel
e nbraC
citadelwere turned against the peop el
les
for the press mentions the circumstance. The E"
peror received the
Satilv
of BohemianState
but no other writer
day. The Minister deapnudtationen
the
ministar
of Finance will leave
Vienna for Prague
evening.