The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-28 00:00:00

happy indeed to see liberty established in their
country ; but liberty under the law—rational and
wise liberty ; liberty. compatible with order and
tranquillity ; liberty, in a word, for good purposes;
not that savage, licentious, and tyrannical liberty
the object of which is anarchy, so well answering ,
the private ends of its partisans, and, above all, the
iniquitous views of an ambitious neighbour.
Had it been given to that party which is taxed
with being absolutist, to see such a government in
Mexico as the government of Brazil (not to take
examples out of the American continent) their
earnest desires would have been accomplished. It
is, therefore, wrongfully that that party is the ob-
ject of the curses lavished upon it.
For the present, no doubt, their object is limited
to obtain the triumph over their enemies—who are
the enemies of Mexico—and to put down anarchy
as the first and most pressing want of the country,
no matter under what form of government or by
what means. In pursuance of such an object, the
clergy naturally sides with them, and hence for
those who are ignorant of the bottom of things in
Mexican affairs, the denomination given to this
party of " Clerical party," supported by military
despotism ; whereas the " anarchical party" is
favoured with the name of " Liberal Constitutional
party." It is, however, easy to see from the fore-
going observations that those two parties would be
more exactly designated, the one as the " Mexican
party," the other as the " American party."
But the former is wise enough to see that mea-
sures like the confiscation of the " Church pro-
perty," involving always a no small degree of injus-
tice (for, after all, this property proceeds from free
donations, interiinos, .or bequests), should not be
taken, if taken they must be, in compliance with
the spirit of the times, but under a well-established
government sufficiently strong to prevent abuse and
to turn them to the advantage of the nation. At
present the only probable effect of the measure
would be a change of masters to the property with-
out any profit to the state, as the acquirers would
most likely never pay, a farthing of the purchase
money, there being no authority in the country
powerful enough to make them pay.
Now, is the " American party" aware that it can
be so denominated, and that it is merely an instru-
ment in the hands of the United States to serve
their purpose ? Perhaps not. There are un-
doubtedly some individuals among them who not
not only are not aware of it, but who still, and in
spite of a long experience, do believe with the
greatest good faith, that Mexico would be, in a
short time, one of the greatest countries in the
verld by means of the American constitution ; and
such men in their sincerity are worthy of the
highest esteem, though much to be pitied in their
afflictive illusions; but the bulk of the party, if
they do net know that they are serving the cause
of the United States, this they know full well—that
they are serving the cause of anarchy, under the
shade of which they thrive, and derive all sorts of
advantages. It has already been remarked that
these advantages draw a great number of proselytes
under the banners of the anarchical party, and un-
fortunately among the latter are to be seen some of
the foreigners that resort to Mexico. Smuggling
to an incredible extent, contracts with the Mexican
government perfectly ruinous to the country, claims
for outrages upon the same government for ever in-
creasing (outrages sometimes ardently desired and
eagerly sought after, as entailing little danger and
much profit in the shape of an indemnity, and there-
fore a good article for speculation)—fortunrs, in a
word, realised in a very few years—such are the
profits of anarchy to that sort of foreigners.
The strife betwe,en these two parties has now been
carried on for many years with more or less ani-
mosity, and with alternate success ; but lately it has
assumed a furious character, and disorder has ar-
rived at such a pitch that at this moment there are
no less than two governments in the country; the
one, the Mexican government, sitting at Mexico,
the other, the so-called Liberal and Constitutional
government, but which may properly be styled " a
branch of the American government,' sitting at
Vera Cruz. The European and South American
powers reeognise the Mexican government; but the
United States of America have lately recognised
their " natural son," the government at Vera Cruz.
This acknowledgment, however, was accompanied
by circumstances which abundantly confirm what
has already been shown. The United States, as
well as other powers having relations with Mexico,
began by recognising the Mexican government as
soon as established in the capital, in Jan., 1858,
and without losing one instant they proposed the
negociation of a treaty, the object of which was the
acquisition of a large extent of territory to the
north, and the right of perpetual transit across the 1
isthmus of Tehuantepec to the south ; the words
"perpetual transit" having been adopted instead of
" perpetual cession" of the isthmus, to save appear-
ances ; but this will deceive nobody. Such propo-
sitions were immediately rejected by the Mexican
Government, and from that moment the United
States tacked about and recognised the Government
at Vera Cruz, which, no doubt, would not offer the
same difficulties to the longed-for treaty. It ap-
pears, in fact, that the treaty is under negociation
at present.
It is for such purposes, and not, indeed, with a
view of seeing a well-established Government in
Mexico under principles of civil and religious
liberty or under any principles whatever, that the
United States have acknowledged the Government
at Vera Cruz. Far from it. If it were possible
(which a long experience has proved it is not) that
such a Government could begin to draw Mexico
from the abyss into which it has fallen, and make
it revive from its ashes, the United States are there
ever ready to crush such progress, than which no-
thing can be more contrary to their views.
Now, the war in Mexico being not a war of the
" Mexican party" against liberty as far as consistent
with order, nor excusively in the interest of any
~
particular class, but cain§t anarchy begotten and
fomented by the United States to serve their pur-
pose, can the Mexican party come out victorious
from such a strife ?

Heaven only knows when and how this strife
will end; but one thing is certain, that whereas the
United. States have no other interest in Mexico but
to keep this country in anarchy, England and all
other countries are highly interested in seeing there
a well-established regular government. The latter
powers, however, will be completely disappointed
if they suppose such to be the result of their recog-
nition of the so-called Juarez Government, because
that recognition will neither give more power
to Juarez and his party than they have
hitherto had to establish their constitution, as
some appear to expect, nor armies to the
United States to at once take possession of the coun-
try, as many appear to wish. As for an annexation
of Mexico to the United States, which would merely
rest on a declaration, however solemn, of both par-
ties, and would not be supported by force of arms,
it would never be but an empty word. Such an an-
nexation, considering the difference of race, of man-
ners,, of language, of religion, between both coun-
tries, would be but an unnatural marriage, which
nothing but violence could maintain. Besides, the
United States do not want to annex Mexico with its
inhabitants; they want the annexation of the ter-
ritory without them. As much may be said of n
protectorate unsustained by a large army, it would
amount to nothing. No ; the United States cannot,
will not, do more or less than they have hitherto
done, alas, with too much success. They will en-
deavour to keep Mexico in anarchy, in order by that
means to absorb it piecemeal, obtaining one day a
portion of the territory in a treaty with one go-
vernment, and another day another portion in ano-
ther treaty with another government, no matter
what, provided they can give it the name of a go-
vernment. For the present moment the interest of
the United States is to obtain the victory for Juarez,
in order to consecrate the treaties they have in con-
templation with him ; and as they consider that the
victory will the easier be obtained by the moralas-
sistance Juarez would receive from the recognition
by England, hence the great efforts of the American

press to induce the British press to bring about that
recognition; but it is evident that in such a step
England would be doing nothing more than serving
tho purpose of the United States, without any rad-
vantage to herself, and with much mischief to

The foregoing observations may be thus resumed:.
1. Juarez (a long experience has proved it) will
not be able to establish in Mexico, under his con-
stitution, anything in the shape of a stable, regular
government, capable of restraining anarchy, nor
will the United States help him to it. On the con-
trary, they will stir up anarchy against him, as
against anybody else, if by any possibility he could
begin to do any good. This they will not fail to do
in pursuance of their favourite object of absorbing
Mexico, but • more or anything else they cannot do.
2. There can be no conquest, nor annexation, nor
protectorate on the part of the United States, for
want of regular military forces, which they neither
have, nor eau have, nor will have.'
In a u-ord, the notion that the remedy to the evils
of Mexico is to come from the United States'is a radi-
cally wrong notion.

-jure concluding, I shall bc,g leave briefly to
allude to the data on which the articles published
in the London papers are based. It is therein stated,
Ist, that out of 28 provinces the " Clerical party"
possess only five. 2d. That the " Liberals" are in a

....., ... ...
great numerical
,majority. 3d. That a large propor-
tion of the alleged party of Miramon are of the
lower class, swelled by the black population, who
form one-third of the 8,500,000 of Mexicans, and

lie thick in the " Clergy district." 4th. That out of
100,000 logues, forming the total area of Mexico,

15,000 only are under Clerical rule; while the rest,