The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-23 00:00:00

WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23, 1861.1

Meeti

THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23, 18e1.

Nothing done by Congress, a good deal done by
'Southern States, diversity of opinion in the North,
is the sum of Transatlantic news. There has
been plenty of discussion both in the committees
and in the houses, but with no practical result.
Perhaps as remarkable a vote as any was ene in
commendation of the "bold and patriotic conduct
of Major ANDERSON in withdrawing from Fort
Mcmltrie to Fort Sumter," commending also the
Pr ?sident for supporting him, and promising " to
support the President in all Constitutional mea-
sul:e3 to enforce the laws and preserve ;the Union,"
This resolution was carried by 124 yeas to 56 nays.
A ?majority of the Northern democratic representa-
tives support it, and it would seem to indicate that
the Union party is at least very strong in the
ho nse.

A "caucus committee" of slave and free States
have devised a kind of compromise, but nothing
seems likely to come of it ; and it would be to be
regretted. if it should, since it certainly contains
the germs of future quarrels. The chief feature of
it i.s a second line of separation—lat. 36 deg. 30
mi N. _between free soil northwards and slave
lai id to the south of it. To this is added some amend-
ment of the Fugitive Slave Law, but also some
stringent restrictions on the action of Congress in
regard to slavery. The renewal of the proposal of
a geographical line between slavery and freedom
in the territories, which has failed before, could
c'3rtainly be looked forward to with no confidence
now, and it would be directly in the teeth of the
ma in principle of the Republicans, who insist,
abf ve all things, on the right of Congress to pro-
ser ve the territories for freedom.

r,he South is going vigorously ahead. If Con-
gress does nothing the Secessionists are active
enough. Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi,
Loi 'isi4na, have all either voted for immediate
see( ssion or are sure.to do so ; Florida, it seems, is
a 1 ittle backward, because she owes an old debt to
thi 3 country for which, if she were to retire from the
Un in, she could be made quickly responsible ; and
mi ssissippi appears to be in the same position,
Slesuld these States complete their secession, it
would he easy work indeed to deal with
th(an. A correspondent from America sug-
ge!sts that "a regiment from Jamaica with
black faces and red coats would settle the
bus:lness and collect the bills in a week. They
must go with the Southern stream no .doubt, and
it leN i 1 I be a curious circumstance, should they
thlte plr..e.-3 themselves in a position to have an
exocutien levied upon them. Everything, how-
eVe2; seems to proceed -without a check in the
Seetth in favour of secession. The President has
BO Xi :anaged, doubtless intentionally,that no mili-
tary arrnngrrnents shall interfere with the move-
ni ; rather by having the arsenals in their han&.,
at military resources should be at their command,

, speeches, messages of governors, all tend
fe direction. There is hardly a visible breach
yet of the unanimity for secession.
The North is not quite so united. Some at
least seem ready to compromise, to abolish the
personal liberty acts, and to accept a few amend-
ments of the Fugitive Slave Law. The Democrats
are even hoping that the Republican party will
divide on the whole question, and afford them yet
another chance. At present, then, on the whole,
the North seems to maintain its main position on
the non-extension of slavery ; and if it continue
firm to that, the most important result of Mr.
LINCOLN'S election will be secured. With, hardly
an exception, too, the feeling there for preventing
secession by coercion if necessary is very decided—
one Governor alone is indifferent to the little rest-
less South Carolina seceding, but even he would
probably think very differently of the whole South
separating from the North.
What the issue of all will be, it were vain indeed
to attempt to conjecture, yet it cannot be concealed
now, that secession on the large scale, which, at
first, the Northern States thought to be as unlikely
as we naturally did on this side the water, is now
more than a possibility, it has become a probability.
It is, therefore, now quite time to take the steps
which our Government and Manchester merchants
have adopted. We have long blamed Man-
chester for not acting with more vigour
to open up new fields of supply. The
East and West Indies, certain parts of
Africa, and Australia, all needed just what
Manchester could provide—capital, machinery, and
European agents to stimulate the cultivation by
ensuring a market. Railroads and cotton gins
were especially needed in the East Indies, and the
men whose factories depended on the certainty of
the supply were just the men who ought to
risk a million or two to obtain it. They
seem now to be aroused to the necessity of
doing something ; Lord JOHN RUSSELL very
properly offers them the services of our Con-
suls to make all possible inquiries ; and 4,000,000
of people dependent upon one article, may fairly
enough ask such simple aid from the Government.
The manufacturers themselves are also proposing to
make the Cotton Supply Association, a thoroughly
effective, a working company, with large capital,
thus arousing attention in all the principal cotton
districts of the world.

We have seen Coventry more than once pointed
to as an illustration of the effect of stopping our
supplies of cotton ; but the parallel does not hold.
Coventry is distressed, not for want of raw silk,
but for want of a sale for her articles; and in some
respects the result would surely ke different. All
manufacturers in every part of Europe and America
would feel the effect of losing the American supply
of .cotton as much we do—there would be, there-
fore, a general demand for,what could be got—the
price of raw material would rise, and the price of the
manufactured goods rise too. Of course consumers
could not purchase so much at high prices, and
therefore the price would not be so high as to draw
from all quarters an amount of raw material equal
to what is now used. Still there would be no want
of employment merely because the manufacture
itself was not wanted. There would be, of course,
less to spin and weave, and shorter time would be
worked ; but the short supply of the manufactured
article might raise it to a price which, for shorter
hours, might pay master and operative nearly as
well as at present.
We confess we have every hope from a large
demand stimulating ingenuity and industry. Cot-
ton grows so abundantly in so many places—it is
also an annual plant to a large extent—that we
can hardly doubt that this very spring may witness
a vast extension of its cultivation. The Consuls'
everywhere will set people's wits to work ; agents
of the Manchester Association will do the same ;
and we may sea before the close of 1861 cotton
pouring in from all quarters, with the prospect of
a doubled supply in 1862.

Mr. EDWIN JAMES'S admirable speech to the
electors of Marylebone cannot possibly do otherwise
than raise him still higher in the estimation of his
constituency. Without doubt the majority of our
readers have already perused the report of the hon.
and learned gentleman's comprehensive address, as
given at length in The Sun of last evening. Any
who have not would do certainly do well to turn
back and examine it, as it deserves, carefully. It
is absolutely refreshing find one of the repre-
sentatives of the great metropolitan constituencies,
speaking out upon a variety of important subjects
intimately affecting the well-being not only of Lon-
don,but of the entire community,with such thorough
earnestness, such absolute frankness, and such
complete independence. Mr. JAMES'S views are
literally thus expressed upon almost every topic
of importance that will have, sooner or later,
to be brought under the scrutiny of the House of
Commons during the ensuing session of Parliament.
Beginning with a reference to the Commercial
Treaty negotiated last year between France an d En g-
land by one whose name, he justly observed, could
never be mentioned in an assembly of English patriots
without reverence, namely, the hon. member for
Rochdale, Mr. JAMES justified his own vote in favour
of that Treaty by the avowal of his deliberate con-
viction that it is calculated in its effects more than
anything else that could be well imagined " To
ally more strongly than ever the great French
nation with England, by welding together the
commercial interests of both, and so securing a
guarantee for peace and good will far more effec-
tual and durable than all the armaments resulting
from a prodigal expenditure of public money."
Whatever may be thought of the retrogressive
influence of a reciprocity treaty in the midst of the
general development, otherwise, of Free Trade Prin-
ciples amongst us in our vast commercial organisa-
tion, there cannot possibly remain in the minds of
any one a moment's question as to the course lying
open to those who have fully realised the force of
this one dominant aspiration. Impressed with the
efficacy of this mercantile Treaty in allaying irri-
tation between the English and French communi-
ties, and bringing them more and more
intimately together in amicable relationship—no
wonder the hon. and learned member for Maryle-
bone accorded his support to it, however problema-
tical its advantages might be—as they still unques-
tionably are—to so many toiling millions of English-
men. But that it has helped to saddle us with the
ten-pennv income-tax, while it has failed altcgether
to diminish the necessity to maintain at the enormous
cost of more than £30,000,000 annually in a time of
Peace (so-called) our vast military and maritime
armaments—but that France is still armed to the
teeth by sea and by land while yet the signatures
of the negotiators of this Commercial Treaty have
scarcely dried upon the parchment—we should our-
selves be more readily disposed to accede to the
reasonableness of these Arcadian anticipations.
The hon. and learned member for Marylebone
stands not alone, however, in entertaining them—
he is in excellent company—and thinking and be-
neving as he does upon the matter, he has acted and
spoken upon it (as it alone became him to act and
to speak) accordingly.
Adverting next to the particularly vexed,
and, of late, the particularly vexatious,
question of Parliamentary Reform, Mr. EDWIN
JAMS alluded to last session, in its regard, in terms

THE SUN, LONDON;

especially worthy of the lips of a representative of
the borough of Marylebone. Nothing, in truth,
could be more felicitous than the remarks applied
by the hon. and learned gentleman to the wretched
little abortive outline of a measure introduced to
the House of Commons last year by Lord JOHN
RUSSELL, and to the whole course pursued in the
matter of Parliamentary Reform by that noble
lord and the fifteen other members of the present
Government. He argued admirably well that the
delay in the introduction of the measure proved
that they were in no way whatever in earnest
about it. He insisted that, taken altogether,
a more miserable Reform Bill was never
propounded in Parliament. He maintained that
Mr. DISRAELI'S Reform Bill of the year pre-
ceding, if only inasmuch as it conferred a lodger
franchise (one of the frivolously derided, but really
admirable "fancy franchises") was undeniably
preferable. Pronouncing its condemnation utterly
as a very small bill, and recalling to mind with
a doubly scornful reminiscence that he had
been present both at its birth and its obse-
quies, he humourously suggested, as about
the aptest epitaph that could be inscribed
°Ter it, the following—" Sacred to the memory
of a very little Bill, that lived a very
a little time, and died but very little regretted!"
As to this pitiable rough draft of our enactment,
having cost, in the preparation of it, as it is actually
said to have cost somewhere about £2,000, Mr.
JAMES elicited a scornful laugh from his constitu-
ents by the assurance that his clerk would have
drawn up a bill quite as much to the purpose in
twenty minutes for a couple of guineas ! The
Honourable and Learned Gentleman's derision,
however, was not by any means restricted to the
Government Reform Bill of last year,
and alluding to the ludicrous manner in which, as
a matter of course, it was eventually given the
go-by—he could hardly find terms sufficiently en-
cisive with which to cut up root and branch the
wonderful ramifications of that latterly most enig-
matical entity the Liberal Party. "In point of
fact," said Mr. JAMES to his Laughing Audience,
"he hardly knew what the Liberal Party was !'
Instancing as a justification of this bewilderment the
circumstance of his having been twitted with not
having stood by his party, the mysterious Protean
Liberal Party, last year during the midst of the
well-remembered Paper Duty Excitement—when
he was taxed with not having attended a
meeting of that party, apropos of that evanescent
agitation, or rather exacerbation. " I yen-
ured to ask how many had been present—and
I was 'told there were Eleven !" Adding to this
somewhat preposterous reminiscense that he re-
spectfully submitted that the great Liberal party
ought not to muster in a wretched tea-room to the
number of Eleven. Not by any means must it be
supposed, however, that the member for the Liberal
constituency of Marylebone had only smart and
tingling blows of sarcasm to administer to his own
political associates, when he found them rendering
themselves more than usually ridiculous. Instance
his perfect readiness to administer also a startling
" back-bander" forthwith to the opposite party as
represented in the serried ranks of the
Conservatives—when he taunted them with
an apathy bearing resemblance even to
positive paralysis. Adding "It was true Mr.
DISRAELI had spoken out ; but upon what ? Why
about carrots and church rates." Could anything
be better, again, than the hon. and learned gentle-
man commenting upon the public-private memorial
addressed by some sixty members, not eleven mem-
bers certainly this time, but fully sixty members, to
the First Lord of the Treasury, urging upon that
noble Viscount as the responsible chief of the
Administration, to inaugurate, at last this year,
a delightfully novel and perfectly unhackneyed
system of retrenchment. Somewhat after the
serio-comic fashion of the, municipal authority who
began the enumeration 'to one of the Kings of
France, of sixteen good mild loyal reasons why his
Majesty had not upon his arrival at the town been
greeted with a salute of lartillery—" In the first
place, Sire, we have no guns : " Mr. JAMES
explained to his constituer its that he had not signed
the document referred to, because in the first place
he had never been askt)d ! His recommendation,
however, immediately afterwards that each
of the sixty gentlemen whose names have
been affixed to this found Robin addressed
to Lord PALMERSTON, should take the matter
of that memorial into, their own hands when
the time arrived for the so doing, namely when
the Estimates were beiag brought seriatim before
the House of Commons, -was admirably to the point
—both in scorn for the 3 n emorial and in furtherance
of the cause of retrencb xnent.

As to the allusions n ia.de by Mr. JAMES towards
the close of his very comprehensive and deeply
interesting address to his constitutents, his allusions
to Italy and the Italia As, to GARIBALDI and the
Garibaldians—they are, precisely of the character
that we might have !anticipated from one who
so admirably represe) Sts the public feeling of
the Liberal const ittiency of Marylebone.
More than this they a:t.e. exactly what could alone
have been predicated f corn one who has been out
there, in Southern Italy, in the midst of this won-
derful movement, who. !nas grasped the hand of the
Great Adventurer, and. has smelt the gunpowder
burnt by his follow 3rs. They are the senti-
ments if not of all—

"Whom RUPERT lea, and who are British born,"
at any rate of all who have watched sympathisingly
the advance of GARI. EtALDI at the head of his red-
shirted braves—and who have done so, out there
in Southern Italy, in their by no means alien cha-
racter as free born En glishmen.

THE BRITISH Mu S:EUM.—The Department of
Antiquities at the British Museum is to be divided
into throe sections, which will be placed under the
care of Mr. Birch, Mr. Newton, and Mr. Vaux re-
spectively. Mr. Ne crton's great and successful
labours at Halicarnas was and Cnidus are fresh in
the recollection of the, public, and afford the best
guarantee of the advantages that the Museum may
expect from his appointment. The Archbishop of
Canterbury, the Lord 'Chancellor, and the Speaker
of the House of Con tenons have exercised their
powers as Governors of the Museum with an
anxious desire to secure the best men for the public
service, and this infusion of new blood into an
old establishment can not fail to be of signal
advantage.
His Excellency the Minister for the Hanse
Towns will return to the., residence of the Legation on
Friday from the Continent,
The Earl Brownlow comes to town to-morrow
from Belton House, Linea ishire. His lordship will shortly
leave England for the Con tinent.
The Earl of Wilton is about to receive a succes-
sion of visitors at Egerton Lodge, Melton Mowbray.
Viscountess Feildinc was safely delivered of a
daughter at Downing, Flin tshire, on Sunday last.

Lord and Lady Feversham left town yesterday
for Oak Hill Park, Herts.

Lord and Lady Crznworth come to town on
Saturday next from Holwood Park, Kent,

The marriage of the Hon. George Waldegiave
with the Countess of nothes was solemnised yesterday at
All Souls' Church, Lang ham-place, in the presence of
a large party of the reLifives and friends of both

ANOTHER COLLISION ON THE NORTII-WESTERN
RAILWAY.—Two passenger trains came in collision yes-
terday, near the Wigan ~.tation. A number of pas-
sengers were injured, btA no fatal consequences oc-
curred.

LATEST NEWS.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
PARIS, TAN. 23.

The Moniteur announces that a Senatus-Con-
sultuni has been presented to the Senate, order-
ing that accounts of the sittings of the Senate,
and the Corps Legislatiff, shall be placed at the
disposal of each journal every evening.
A commission has been appointed by the
Senate to examine this project.
No speech was held.

ROME, JAN. 19 (via Marseilles).

The reactionary movenl?nt in the district sur-
rounding Ascoli has been suppressed by the Pied-
montese. Several prisoners were shot. A column
of 2,000 Sardinians has been disembarked at Civita
Novo, and are marching on the province of Terano.
It is asserted that the reactionary bands, after hav-
ing taken Tagliacozzo, were defeated.
Numbers of Royal officers and Roman peasants
continue to enter the Abruzzi.

GAETA, JAN. 19 (via Marseilles).
It is asserted that Spanish frigates are about to
be stationed off Civita Vecchia.

NAPLES, JAN. 19 (via Marseilles).
Numerous arrests have taken place.
Many Royalist officers have been dismissed.

ROME, SAN. 20.

Admiral Barbier de Tinan has prevented the
departure from Gaeta of a steamer laden with can-
non and soldiers, destined to aid the reactionary
movement in Calabria.

The reactionary movement in the Abruzzi is
directed by the Dowager Queen and Count Tra-

pani.

Several members of the an Fedista party
have left for the Abruzzi, whither arms and
ammunition have been sent from Rome, in charge
of Ricci, the chief of the San Fedists.

TURIN, L. 22.

The Opinion* contains an article showing that
all combinations for the formation of a united
Italy will be in favour of France, to whom
Italy is naturally allied. The same article ex-
presses a hope that the French Chambers will
coincide with the policy of the Emperor.

The deliverance of Rome will then become
more easy, and the tranquillity of Europe be
better assured.

MILAN, L. 22.

The Perstveranza states that Garibaldi recom-
mends the conciliation of parties, and that he
declares himself ready' to act in political unison
with Count Cavour.

VIENNA, JAN. 22.

The Grand' Cross of the Order of St. Leopold has
been conferred on Count Apponyi, the Austrian
Ambassador at the Court of St. James.

PRAGUE, JAN. 22.

The municipality of Prague assembled to-day in
order to discuss and sign a petition requesting the
responsibility of Ministers and the early convoca-
tion of the Imperial Diet.

PESTH, JAN. 22.

The Imperial manifesto of the 16th instant was
read at yesterday's sitting of the Commi7ttee of the
Comitat.

As regards the elections of the members of the
Diet, the sth Article of the Electoral Law of 1848
remains in force, with some unimportant modifica-

tions.

The .Prussian Gazette announces that the prelimi-
nary negotiations relative to the Treaty of Com-
merce to be concluded between France and the
Zollverein have already commenced. Th e Prussian
Commissioners are—M. Pommer Esche, Director-
General of Contributions, the Councillor of Lega-
tion Philippsborn, and M. Delbruck.
The Cologne Gazette publishes the ti •xt of the
Address of the House of Nobles in reply to the
Speech from the Throne. The Addresk; does not
make any allusion to the Holstein quo 3tion. As
regards the apprehension of a generaJt war, the
Address expresses the hope that peace w ill not be
disturbed ; but, should it be otherwise decreed,
PrusFda would rise like one man " for the homes,
right:;, and honour of Prussia."

GARIBALDI AND THE STRING
CAMPAIGN.

A writer in Bullier's Correspondence says he has
read n letter from Garibaldi, declaring that he
cannot adjourn the work of the deliverance of Italy
unless the Italian Parliament relieves him of the
solemn engagement he has contracted in. the face of
the world. This news, if true, is highly important,
for the general opinion is that Count Cavour's
Mil:Clary is sure of a majority.
General Turr has returned to Turin. from his
visi t to Caprera, and has communicated to the
journals an account of some of the proceedings on
the occasion of his visit. In presenting the "star"
to Garibaldi, on the 13th, General Turr made the
foil, owing remarks :

G tneral,—The thousand who disembarked with you at
Ma: 7sala, with whom you conquered at Calatafimi, and
plan ited at Palermo the flag of liberty, victoriously sur-
moi rating every obstacle, present you to-day, through us,
this star, which we hope you will accept as a souvenir of
dancers past and a pledge of those that are to cc me. No
tho 6,3 who survive that thousand, whom you once called
the :remains of ten battles, will not be wanting at the next
api ,e al which you make.
G aribaldi, moved to tears, replied :

:st assured that no gift has ever been more 'dear to my
hel kr t than this which is offered to me by my brave corn-
paklions in arms. Tell them that I accept it willingly, and
than k them. I count again upon them when I shall carry
to :Fc cur beautiful country, 0 General, the aid of our arms,
sin ce + I have sworn upon the grave of those gallant Hun-
gal is :ns :who :died for Italy that we, Italians, would re-
pla cc them, as it is our duty.

0 n the same occasion General Turr prei;ented to
flu, daughter of Garibaldi the new year's gift sent
to her by King Victor Emmanuel. Garibaldi, who
wa a present, smiled and said, " Thank his Majesty
Ki o g Victor Emmanuel as much for me as my
dal i ghter for this new demonstration of true friend-
shi p." _

'his is all that General Turr has, up to the pre-
sel it time, communicated to the public respecting
hi: ; visit to Caprera. But it is known that he re-
presented to Garibaldi that disembarkation on any
pa rt of the Adriatic coast would be followed by the
pa ssage of the Po by the Austrian army, to which
th 9 Sardinian army could oppose but a feeble resis-
tai

General Turr was received on the 19th by Count
Ca vour, and was on the next day to have an audience
of the King.

THE SARDINIAN TROOPS BEFORE
GAETA.

' the following order of the day was addressed by
Ge neral Cialdini to the Piedmontese troops before
Ga eta at the conclusion of the armistice, which
ex Aired on the 19th
;oldiers I—Grave considerations have induced the Co-
ve] moat of our King to accede to the wishes of his Majesty
the Emperor of the French to suspend hostilities until
the evening of the 19th. The French fleet is leaving, and
the; will be but one vessel in the waters of Gaeta,
whi ch in turn will sail on the expiration of the armis-
tice. , The Emperor wishes perhaps by this to afford
to the place an honourable means of abandoning a
hop Mess contest, and so put an end to useless effusion of

blood. I know not what reception will be given at Gaeta
to these humane intentions and this diplomatic attempt;
but I know that in any case the King and Italy have con-
fidence in the power of our valour and in that of our fleet
to give to the siege a different solution and one more con-
formablb to our wishes—to combat and not to treat, and
that they rely more upon our arms than upon diplomatic
councils.

Soldiers I for many years the road to victory has been
familiar to you. Traverse it again, and respond to the
hope of the country, by penetrating through the breach
into Gaeta, and unfurling the Italian banner and the Cross

of Savoy upon the old tower of Roland.
(Signed)

C lALDI NI,

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Jan. 22.—The market continues firm,
and prices have again slightly improved, English
Consols having arrived with an advance of 71 per
cent. For the Account, Threes, which opened at
67f 40e, are now at 671 50c ; Mobilier, 652 f 50c ;
Orleans, 1,378 f 75c; Northern, 958 f 75c; Mediter-
ranean, 912 f 50c; Austrian and Lombard, 467 f 50c.
The following were the last quotations :

41 per per Cents ... 96 85 Credit Fonder 925
Do. end month.... 96 90 i Belgian 4t —
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 50 Roman
Bank Shares' 2880 —1 Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 668 751 Spanish Threes —
Do. Account 663 75 ; Home Debt .. 47i