The Sun.
London, England, 1857-04-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY .FIVENING, APRIL 23, l'-ks7

or of performing the various heroic acbievementg

than the Southern planters can supply their
"human machines," as they are pleased to term
them. But all these advantages are neutralised,
not because there is no market for the produce—
that we cau supply ourselves—but because there
are not the ordinary facilities for bringing that
produce to market.
Why, then, are not these capabilities developed ?
It is not the state of the money market, for money
can still be obtained on permanent securities.
There is no dearth of capital. It is only seeking
for employment, and, like the demons of the old
fables, if that employment be not directed into
beneficial channels, it will be turned into mis-
chievousdirection. The Russian Railway "swindle"
has happily not found favour in the sight of the
moneyocracy—but unless some other auspicious
opening be discovered, the means may eventually
be found to enable the AIITOORAT to carry out
the traditional policy of his House, by " Cossack-
ising" Europe. The Anglo-Indiau Government
must be stimulated, and the Home Government
cannot remain apathetic or, indifferent. Indian
railways and Indian irrigation are indispensable
necessities. They only require due attention,
and the new Parliament will be sadly wanting in
its duties if that attention be not bestowed with-
out a moment's unnecessary delay after the elec-
on of the new Speaker.

of the redoubtable Baron MuNcalusEN. It was

bad enough to close the late miserable war with
Russia, without even one solitary attempt to
elicit an indemnity from the Muscovite aggressors.
But to follow that most lamentable and ignomini-

ous compromise up with another still worse—to
make a despicable peace with Persia, not simply
without requiring an indemnity from the lawless
assailants of Herat, but actually upon the under-
standing that we are thenceforth to subsidise

DosT MAHOMMED to the tune of considerably more

than 100,000/. a-year ! Really thebare suggestion
of the possibility of any such scheme being even
hinted at, as entitled to one moment's considera-
tion, altogether dissipate our equanimity, and
justifies to the full, we conceive, the utmost stretch
of patriotic indignation. Why, already it has
been stated distinctly enough, upon the autho-
rity of Sir HARTFORD BRIDGES, that our
Embassy at Teheran alone, subsidies in-
cluded, involved the expenditure of some-
thing little short of 130,0001. between 1809 and
1827, while it extended to some 30,0001. per
annum during the two years immediately follow-
ing—constituting an aggregate, from 1809 to
1837 inclusively, at the very least of 2,500,0001 !
A really as well as nominally " Common-Sense"

view of the whole transaction, advanced to-day in
the chief of our morning contemporaries, yields us
the supplementary calculation that during the last
twenty years—namely, from 1837 to 1857, at the
very lowest estimate, about 500,000 L additional
have been expended with consistent extravagance
upon that same abominable Embassy. Altogether;
in less than fifty years—to be explicit, in exactly
forty-six years—England has squandered in the
maintenance of her Legation at Teheran, and in
coincident subsidies, the agreeable little trifle of
just 3,000,0001. sterling ! And now, this same
preposterous system is to be continued with the
further expenditure henceforth of some 10,000/.
a month in the shape of a subsidy to DosT MA-
110MMED

What is " the Agricultural interest ?" What
is there in it which must still be defended ? What
is there which calls our county representatives to
nail their colours to the flag staff, with the motto,
" No surrender ?" These questions could but
arise in our minds as we read of the large blue
banner which graced the banquet at Bury St.
Edmunds, with the motto, " BENNET, AND NO
SURRENDER OF THE AGRICULTURAL INTEREST."
We are no Cynics. We don't like logic and ma-
thematics and statistics over our wine ; still this
splendid flag, the flag beneath which the bucolic
jollity began, and which, of course, led the march
of the evening, could but set us inquiring. Cap-
* kin BENNET we knew ; knew him to have been
for thirty or forty years a good Captain of the
good and true West Suffolk Yeomanry. All
honour to him and his corps, and
" When they next do ride abroad,
May we be there to see."
We knew him also to have been for some dozen
years a good Conservative, Protectionist, Church
and Queen member of our House of Commons,
and, if we remember right, stated by the Lexico-
grapher of that House to be "particularly attached

No wonder we are continually embroiled firs
with one Asiatic race, and then with another—
if we delude them thus into the ridiculous notion
that we are so afraid of war, or at any. rate that
we.have such exceeding reluctance to be dragged
into it, that to ward off that obnoxious
evil, we are ready to scatter our gold right and
and left broadcast. There must be an end of
this. A blunder, a systematic and extravagant
blunder such as this—now that it is distinctly
laid bare—has not any longer, we believe, the
faintest chance of being persisted in, of being
perpetuated. It is seen now for the first time in
its full enormity—and, being at last so seen, it is
not, we conceive, any longer to be tolerated.
Talk, forsooth, of Administrative Reforms at
Home ! Why, here, in our diplomatic scheme of
administration abroad, are evils that ought to be
swept clean out of existence as the first necessary
improvement. We have had enough of these sub•
sidies. Let us look now t.) indemnities instead.
They are the just penalties of aggression. And
aggression on the part of the Persians in
seizing Herat, and aggression on the part
of the Chinese in their outrage on board
the lorcha, are as notoriously the sources of the
Chinese War and of the Persian War, as the
origin of the late war with Russia is undeniably
traceable to the movement of the Muscovite army
across the Pruth into the twin provinces of Moldo-
Wallachia. No—again we say—what England
has to look to now as furnishing the security for
Peace—are—

to the Church." We knew him also not to have
been guilty of wasting the time of the Legislature
by speeches ; his vote was his weapon, and he
doubtless understood the vote exercise about as
well as the sword exercise. He could vote point
blank, and cut right or left as the Conservative
opposition chief bid him. As XZNOPHON says
somewhere of a good captain of his time, he knew
how to obey as well as how t) command. So
much for Captain BENNET, and for " Captain

I DEITNITI ES-NOt -SUBSIDIES

Early in the present month, on the 7th instant
—we instituted a comparison between the pro-
spects offered to inverters in Indian and Russia❑
railways, founded on the admirable report of
Lieutenant. Colonel KENNEDY, the Consulting
Engineer of the Bombay, Baroda, and Central
India Railway Company. We pointed out that
in the mere s. d. point of view, the former
offered a better rate of interest for mousy, com-
bined with superior security, to any that could
be obtained from the latter. In the one a gua-
rantee of 5 per cent.—provided the undertaking
only paid its own working expenses, is given by the
East India Company, with the sanction of the
Board of Control ; in the other 4i per cent. for a
limited period, with certain stringent cenditions,
that may, under cm t tin not very remote circum-
' stances, cause a forfeiture of all previous pay-
ments. There could be but little question as to
which was entitled to the preference of the mere
capitalist, who was insensible t) every considera-
tion in which he had not a personal interest.
There is another and a much higher ground,
however, that may be assumed. The due deve-
lopment of the almost miraculous natural resources
of the Anglo-Indian Empire would render the
United Kingdom independent of almost every
other nation, and that without the violation of
any law of political economy, or of the
indisputable maxims of Free Trade and un-
restricted competition. We may obtain an abun-
dant supply of teas from our own terri-
tories, the payment therefor being made
to our fellow-subjects. In such case, there would
be no danger of " death lurking in the pot,"
or the patriotic Celestials poisonine, after the ap-
proved precedent of the baker ALUM, a necessary
article of almost universal consumption. Man-
chester may be provided with cheap cotton to its
heart's content without being dependent on the
Slave States of America. Nay, more, " the corn
of the tropics " will be brought in abundance
from that land of promise, sufficient, with that
from our own West Indian colonies, to enable us
to take high ground on the interesting and
important question of "the domestic in-
stitution," or the right of mean to keep
his fellow-man in a condition of hopeless servi-
tude ! All these are matters of paramount con-
sequence to the national prosperity. The simple
fact, that we can obtain from our own dominions,
without submitting to higher prices, all that is
required to keep British industry in full operation,
is alone sufficient to render it an imperative duty
on our own Government, and on our own Capi-
talist,, not to permit these extraordinary advan-
tages to be left in abeyance through any negligence
or apathy on their part. But when a handsome
and remunerative return for any outlay, indepen-
dent of these collateral benefits, is certain, it
would be a positive crime to disregard the golden
opportunity which offers itself for our acceptance.

All that is required to insure those extraordi-
nary results is a moderate outlay on public
works. Irrigation and railways are the talis-
manic words that will open mines of wealth ex-
ceeding the highest anticipations of the most
sanguine. "Irrigation," to bring about the requi-
site fertility. Railways—the best and cheapezt
Node of transit—to bring the produce to market..
Indeed the latter is chiefly required, for witt
existing capabilities, and they might easily be
quadrupled, all that could be required would be
obtained.

Several years since we pointed out the close
connection between the construction. of railways
and the supply of cotton from India. Labour
can there be obtained at the lowest rate. The Hind u
Ryots will work efficiently at a much lower rate

and surely the "yeomanry" understood it too. ,
" Captain BENNET and no extension of the suf-
frage," "Captain BENNET and no independent
voting"—that was the meaning of the flag under
which one hundred and fifty of the yeomen of
West Suffolk dined. Did such of them as were
tenant farmers acknowledge the flag ? Did they
believe in the identity of landlord power and the
agricultural interest ? Did they not think them-
selves agriculturists much more truly than their
landlords? Did they not know that they and their
landlords have had no community of political inte-
rest since the repeal of the Corn Laws, and had in
reality none whatever before ? Did they not
know, as game laws and high rents, and the
prior right of distraint attest, that they and their
landlords have no commercial identity of interest,
but are rather in the same commercial antago-
nism as all other buyers and sellers ? Did they
not know that their vast share in the agricultural
interest—that of tenant-farmers--is wholly un-
represented in Parliament, and that they are
compelled, like American slaves, to be instruments
to give their masters scats in the Legislature ? We
strongly advise the tenants t declare themselves
the agricultural interest, t 3 proclaim that no
one fights for it who will not give tenant-farmers
the Ballot, and to hoist a new f 13.7, not " Captain
BENNET," but " CAPTAIN BALLOT, AND No Sun-

, . „
LkTE?-11 rtiS.

THE NEUCHATEL QUESTION.
The Times' Paris correspondent (Second Edi-

tion), under date Wednesd-ty, 6 p.m., says :
" As I mentioned yesterday, Dr. Kern left last
night for Berne with the draught of the arrange-
ment adopted by the Representatives of the four
Powers, and accepted by him subject to the ap-
probation of the Federal Council.. Dr. Kern's
political baggage is light, but I fear his heart
is heavy. The arrangement is far from being
like what, in the buoyancy of his first hopes
and the certitude of his own powers of persuasion
and general diplomatic skill, be had promised to
the Swiss. Prussia has, as I have already ob-
served, reduced her terms so far as the money
is concerned ; she now accepts, and Dr. Kern en.,
gages fur Switzerland to pay 1,000,0001. by way of
indemnity ; the King of Prussia retains the title
of Prince of Neuchatel, and Switzerland will give
him a guarantee respecting the proper administra-

tion of charitable institutions in Neuchatel. There
are other conditions, but those—l mention are, I
believe, the most important ; the Representatives
of the four Powers adopted them as the basis
of an arrangement on the lit of April (absit
omen !), and the time has since been taken up
with the difficulties incidental on putting the
' Protocol or Convention in form. We may be
certain that a solution which gives an indirect
right to the King of Prussia to intervene in
the internal affairs of the canton under the pre-
text of seeing the guarantee properly executed,
and the continuance of the title of Prince
of Neuchatel, will be very badly received in Swit-
zerland. The Swiss will not believe that the
King and the Royalist party do not still meditate
the separation from the Federation of that canton,
and that they will carry it into execution on the
first favourable opportunity. If the Federal
Council, which is divided into two nearly equal
patties, accepts the arrangement, it will be with
the greatest repugnance. Many people here
doubt that acceptance ; but what can Switw,rland
do alone against Europe ? As to great and gene-
ral dissatisfaction among the masses there is no
doubt. Dr. Kern, supposing nothing extraordi-
nary occurs, will be back about the end of the
month to sign the convention."

THE GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE
The Paris C nTespondent of the Morning Post

THE PRINCIPALITIES.
A private letter from Bucharest of the 11th inst.
says :--

" The labours of our Commissioners have not yet
0 k mmenced. The French C onmissioner leaves soon for
Jassy. His departure was to have taken place earlier,
but has been put off by unavoidable circumstances.
People say, as I have already informed you, that
the object of his journey is to watch the con-
duct of the Kaimakan of Mol,lavia. The Russian Com-
missioner has at last arrived, and has received an ovation
from the clergy. M. Basily is quite astonished at
the sumptuousness displayed at his installation. ' The
Vistaria has then heaps of money,' he said on witness-
ing all that luxury. He has sent away the carriages
placed at his disposal, and has given orders for a very
modest style of living until the arrival of his cook.
Tnis unpretending conduct., which contrasts so much
with that of the others, has produced a strong and
a favourable impression, but it has had no imi-
tators among his colleagues, who continue to enjey
all the advantage of their situation, and whose rule
seems to be to ' take the goods the gods provide
them.' The Commissioners appear astonished at the
'luxury which they find among us, and indeed it is ex•
traordicary, eastern and western at the same time.
They are particularly struck with that displayed by the
Boyard Otetelechan, who gives magnificent dinners and
suppers, and dramatic representations in his mansion.
The Commissioners, however, are not ignorant of
the origin of the Wallachian Turcaret's wealth.
These fortunate gentlemen are literally overwhelmed
with dinnere, and the only drawback is the confusion that
occurs as to preced =nee in taking places, but each person
tries to manage as best he may. One of the sons-in-law
of the Hospodar Stirbey gave a dinner to the French
Commissioner before inviting the Turkish funcionary.
This appeared strange, but people say it was out of con-
sideration for the Consul-General of France, M. Bulard,
to whom the said son-in-la ps was under some private ob-
ligations. A clever intriguer, Dr. Arsaki, a great
enemy of Bibesco, a friend of Stirbey, and formerly the
Secretary of the Gleikas, is giving himself much trouble
to ingratiate himself with the French Commis4ioner.
" An M. Lyucke, who gives himself the title of count,
though every one knows he is of a half Gipsy origin, has
commenced a series of receptions, and the French
Commissioner dances at them most j )yously. The
party of the brothers, intimate enemies, Stirbey
and Btbesco, are in constant movement, and cover
the Principalities with emissaries. These emissaries
hold everywhere the same language to the rural
population—namely, that the European Commissioners
have come for the purpose of depriving them of the
documents proving that they are proprietors, and to
force them to abandon their religion and become Papists."
Another letter, of the 13th, says :
" Tile agitation spreads in Wallachia. Many of the
young men of the towns have assumed the dress of the
peasants, in order to be elected in the communes. The
movement appears to haven revolutionary character, and
some persons apprehend disturbances. Turkey is insulted
openly ; the heroes of the day are the French and Rus-
sian Commissioners, but especially the Russian. The
latter is a man deeply versed in eastern politics. The
Prussian Commissioner is inclined towards Austria."

(Second Edition), says : 1 -
" The visit of the Grand Duke Constantine to
France will no doubt be made use of by those who
are ever on the look out to damage the Anglo-
French alliance. Russia is building ships in Frenoh
ports ; the Czar has exchanged compliments with
the Emperor, and M. Kisseleff is on the best o f
terms with M. Walewski. Then we shall have no
end of gossip of what Napoleon 111. said to the
Grand Duke, and how his Imperial Highness assured
his Majesty that Russia respected France and de-
spised England. In these dull times a variety of
such assertions will be sure to appear in the public
journals of Europe. I believe I may assure you
that the Emperor of the French wishes to deprive
the Grand Duke's visit of all political colour.
No political speeches are to be made, or any de-
monstration indulged in beyond those which are
dictated by the ordinary etiquette of Courts.
The Grand Duke, as a prominent member of the
Imperial family of Russia, will be received with
the most scrupulous regard to forms ; first, be-
cause it is his due, and secondly, because he is
reported to be very exacting on all points of
ceremony and customs attached to his rank. The
usual public fetes will be offered to him in Paris,
amongst which will be a gigantic military con-
cert at the Pre Catelan. The new garden opened
last year for the first time in the Bois de Bologne.
The Palace of Fontainbleau has been prepared for
the Imperial visitor, which arrangement will en-
able the Prince, if he thinks proper, to visit Paris
whenever he chooses as a private individual.
Count Creptowich, the Russian Ambassador at
London, has arrived in Paris, and I hear, brings
an invitation for his Imperial Highness to visit
Queen Victoria, or rather to make arrangements
. iu ease such an event should occur. lam told it
is very doubtful whether he will go to England at
• all. There is a possibility of the Grand Duke
- visiting Naples. The reception at Marseilles
takes place on the 25th, and the arrival in
Paris on the 30th inst."

details of this battl,,, which we will hasten to pub- se.TA.t.ry- of h.- Engli-h legation, as a lady of the
lash i.i our next number." I court in the'lG 11. century. Ai/A:mg:it the most re-
markNe co,--,tuttte were those of floury VIII.,
,
A letter from Teheran of the Gil of March,
Ann Boleyn, tte Duke de Sully, Villiers Duke of
published in the Nord of Brussels, says:-•--
Buckingham, Peter the Great, and other historical
"Another messenger has arrived from Fars. The
p. rsonag s. The other dresses were of all coun-
news brought by him confirms that published in the tries, from the middle ages down to the la-t cen-
Teheran Gazette.. The loss of the enemy is est:- tury. The Duchess de Brabant being prevented
mated at from 1,700 to 1,800 men. Our loss is not by her mantle did not dance, but the Duke de Bra-
considerable compared with that of the enemy. It b int, the Princess Charlotte, and the Count de
does not exceed 300 to 400 mon. The cAunnn Flambe danced more t'ian once, and with the
which were left in the mud have been recovered by Duchss passed sevtril times through the rooms.
our troops." • The fete terminated about two o'clock.

ITALY.

A letter from Genoa of the 18th, in the Condit u-
tionne/, says :
" For a long time past we have not had mirth a storm
as that which prevailed during Eater week. The waves
broke over the two moles, and flooded the deck+ of the
ve,sels lying within them. Fortunately the Empress
Dowager of Russia did not leave on Sunday morning,
as she had intended. She went to Vidafranca on the
Saturday evening, and slept on board the Aloff frigate,
but as there Appeared every indication Of blowing
weather, her Majesty returned to Nice the following
morning. This event has completely changed the pro-
gramme of her proceedings. The Empress will not
now start for Civita, Vecchia until some day between
the 21st and the 25th, and her frigate will not be
accompanied, as was at first intended, by the whole of
the Ressian squadron, as part of them will have pro-
ceeded to Toulon with the Grand Duke Constantine.
The King has, it is said, fitted up a villa a hich he pos-
',eases in the n:igbbourhood of Rome as heir of Maria
Christina of Savoy, and has placed it at the disposal of
the Empress D ,wager during her stay in the Papal
capital. Some days before Easter, her Majesty, in anti-
cipation of her departure, gave numerous alms to the
poor of Nice, and made presents to different persons to
whom she had become a'.tached. As to the authorities,
a case containing several d'ecoratioes has not yet arrived,
but, as it is Expected every day, the delay in hi r Ma-
jesty's depar,ere may, perhaps, enable her to distribute
tlaetn before she leaves."

The result of th,, conversion of the Belgian 5 por
cent. loan is now known. Out of a sum of 26 mil-
lions, which is the capita of the loan, the reim-
bursements demanded amount to seven millions ;
the remainder, with the exception of opera-Lolls
made by the government direct, will be therefore
converted into 41 per cent 4. According to the last
account of the situa'icn of the National Bank of
Belgium the circulation of that establishment now
exceeds the sum of 105,000,000 fr., tlt3 maximum of
the circulation allowed being 110 millions.

The Malriel journals of the 18th do not contain
any political news of interest. A royal decree
charges the Ministry of the Interior with the con-
struction and control of telegraphic lines.

A letter from Hamburg of the 15th, in the Augs-
burg Gazette, s ys :—" This town yesterday pre-
sented a most animated aspect, upwards of 4,000
em;gran.ts being colect, cl at the port io embark for
the United Settes. They generally came from
Holstein and Mecklenburg, and the mountainous
districts of Cewral Germany."

THE FICTITIOUS VALUE OF RAILWAY

SHARES.