The Sun.
London, England, 1861-02-25 00:00:00

when applied to the ordinary typo metal.
Mr. Johnson accordingly took out a patent, and
in his specifications said that he claimed every com-
bination of the three metals which contained 25
per cent. of antimony and 75 per cent. of tin and
lead, of which the minimum of tin must be 25. The
defendants, in their circular issued in Jan., 1856,
stated that they had during the last ten months
been augmenting the strength of their metal, and
this enabled them with confidence to offer a quality
of type surpassing every other : and they sold type
to the times and other establishments. This type
the plaintiffs contended had been made in violation
of their patent rights, the type having in it more
than 25 per cent. of tin.
The defence was that it had been long known that
tin possessed the quality of hardening the metal,
and it had been used in combination for making
ship nails, which were Ea hard that they would
I penetrate oak without being blunted. In Savage's
" Dictionary of the Art of Printing," published
before the patent., there was a description of tin,
lead, and antimony being used for type metal, very
much in the proportions given in Mr. Johnson's
patent, and in a treatise on English founding
tla foundries, published in 1778, a mixture of
tin and lead was desciibed as being less flexible
and more solid and durable than lead. The
French Encyclonedia alEo said that a great quan-
tity of tin was used in combination with lead
and antimony. Beyond this the defendants had
for many years used tin, and therefore the prin-
ciple of the use of tin as provided for by Mr.
Johnson's specification was not new, and his
patent was not a valid one.
A great deal of evidence on both sides was laid
before the jury, and in the course of the evi-
dence for the defendants the jury stopped the case,
and a non-suit was entered.

Ass.rzE INTELLIGENCE.
NORTHERN CIRCUIT, APPLEBY, FEB. 21.
Mr. Justice Keating and Mr. Justice Hill arrived
at this town yesterday. The commission was opened
by Mr. Justice Keating.
The assizes for Westmoreland were unusually
heavy. There were seven prisoners for trial, one
charged with murder, one with an attempt to com-
mit a rape, one with arson, one with bigamy, and
the rest with larceny and false pretences. There
was no civil cause.
Mr. Justice Keating took his seat on the bench
soon after 11 o'clock, and charged the grand jury.
The charge for murder by a woman of her ille-
gitimate child was thrown out by the grand jury,
and several of the other prisoners pleaded Guilty.
Thos. Stewart, a railway navvy, was charged
with assaulting Isabella Leesby, the wife of another
railway navvy, with intent to commit a rape.
The woman's evidence was contradicted by evi-
dence for the prisoner, showing acts of undue
familiarity with him immediately after the time
when the assault was alleged to have been com-
mitted; and the jury, on his lordship's suggestion,
stopped the case and Acquitted the prisoner.
Mr. Bell appeared for the prosecution, and Mr.
Fawcett for the prisoner.
Isabella Joel, a servant girl, 14, was indicted for
maliciously and feloniously setting fire to some hay
in farm premises, the property of Mr. Longrigge,
at Great Strickland, with intent to set fire to some
farm buildings.
Mr. C. Foster appeared for the prosecution, and
Mr. Scott for the defence.
It appeared that the prosecutor is a yeoman liv-
ing on his own farm at Great Strickland, and that
he had hired the prisoner as his farm servant at last
Martinmas Penrith " statutes." She didnot perform
her work in a satisfactory manner, and was fre-
quently scolded by both her master and mistress,
and she disliked having to fodder the cattle, as she
said they kicked at her. On Nov. 29th the prose-
cutor had some hay in his barn set fire to. The fire
was fortunately soon extinguished, and the prisoner
at that time suspected of having been the cause of
it. A witness named Parker, after that fire, said in
the hearing of the prisoner, while talking about it,
that it was a fortunate thing the fire had not taken
place near the " fodder gang," at the other end of
the premises, as there were two "mows.' of hay
there, and it would have been more difficult to put
it out. On Dec. Bth, only nine days after this, a fire
was discovered between 7 and 8 o'clock at night at
the top of the fodder gang, and between the two
mows of hay, which were on fire. Within half an
hour before this discovery the prisoner was seen to
leave the kitchen and go into the washhouse with
a lighted candle, closing the door after her, which
was not usually done. She returned to the kitchen
and began cleaning shoes ; ten minutes afterwards
her master discovered the barn on fire. She could
get easily from the barn to the washhouse. The fire
was got out about midnight, after doing £2O worth
of damage. The prisoner was again suspected, and
taken into custody, and then made a statement to
the policeman that " if he would go for her master
she would tell him all about it." She then made a
statement to her master under a kind of promise of
forgiveness if she would speak the truth, which ex-
cluded her statement from being given in evidence.
She was then taken to the Shap police•st Ition, and
on being searched there by the woman searcher, a
quantity of lucifer matches were found in her
pockets, and she made a statement that she had
taken the candle into the byre, and gone up the
fodder gang, and applied the candle to the hay till
she saw it was in a " lowe," and then she left it.
She did not know why she had done it, and was
very sorry for it.
For the defence it was suggested that the prisoner
went to search for an apron she had lost, and that the
fire was accidentally and not wilfully caused.
His Lordship having carefully summed up the
evidence,
The jury found the prisoner guilty, with a recom-
mendation to mercy on account of her youth.
His Lordship said, taking that recommendation
into his consideration, he would pass on her a lenient
sentence, in the hope that a short but sharp and
severe punishment might teach her never to attempt
such an offence again. She might have dove the
most serious damage—have burnt down the pre-
mises and the family in their beds, He was sorry
to learn she had given vent to ebullitions of temper,
which must be checked, or she would come to some
dreadful punishment; but, believing that she had
not contemplated the result of her wicked and
foolish act, because of her youth ho would pass on
her the lenient sentence that she be imprisoned,
with hard labour, for three calendar mouths.
This terminated the assizes.

LONDON WELLS.—I observe in a recent num-
ber of 'the Builder a notice in respect of the " Clerks'
Well" at Clerkenwell, London, which is very interesting.
I see it stated in the Loudon journals that it is in contem-
plation to remove Holywell-street, Strand, with a view to
the improvement of that district of London. I have to
express a hope that care will be taken, in that event, to
search for and preserve the ancient " Holy Well" of that
locality, which still supplies the "old Roman bath" in
Strand-lane with the purest water, although the source is
still hidden and neglected. It would be found, I have been
informed, in some one of the back yards of the present
houses in Holywell-surest. In these days of public drink-
Mg fountains it would afford an inexhaustible supply of
pure water; and an appropriate architectural structure
erected over- it would bo an ornament to that frequented
locality, and tho associations connected with it would
gratify liberal and classical taste. It is as old as the days
of Julius Caesar, who, it is said, built the old Roman bath
above stated.—The Builder.

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