The Sun.
London, England, 1861-03-28 00:00:00

TEE SUN, LONDON:, URSDA EVENING, MARC tit 28, 186

NOTICE.Z—MR. CHARLES DICKENS.—The
Stalls for the reading of the CHRIST NIAS CAROL
and the Trial from PICKWICK, TO-NIGHT, are all Let.
—Balcony and Area Tickets can still be had of Mr. Austin,
St. James's Hall, and Messrs. Chapman and Hall, 193, Pic-
cadilly.

TIRENCH EXHIBITION. —The EIGHTH
12 ANNUAL EXHIBITION of PICTURES, the contri-
butions of artists of the French and Flemish Schools, is NOW
OPEN, at the Gallery, No. 120, Pall-mall, opposite the Opera
Colonnade. Admission, is. ; Catalogues, 6d. Open from
1u a.m. to 0 p.m.

VI R. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN-
MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY.
TO-NIGHT,
HALL, King Wil lam-street, Charing-cross,
TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at
Eight. Private boxes, £1 10. ; Stalls and box stalls, Is. ;
area, 20. ; amphitheatre, Is. -A , plan of the stalls may be
seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box-
office, from 10 till 4. Morning Performance, Saturday,
March 2.

ARGYLL ROOMS.-- GRAND MUSTOL
ENTERTAINMENT,
with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established
eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal
Italian Operas, and the .Household Troops. Conducted by
Mons. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, M. Boulcourt.—Dancing
at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
High llolborn.—This popular and magnificently ap-
pointed Ball Boors, decidedly the most fashionable and best
conducted entertainment in the world. The very excellent
bawl, under the able direction of Mr. Packer, Is constantly
introducing the choicest and latest music of the day—a qua-
drille and polka from Balfe's new opera, Bianca; Colleen
Bawn Waltz, Garibaldi's Triumphal Galop, &e.. among others,
now nightly receive the plaudits of the company. The wines
supplied are of the very choicest quality. The refreshment
rooms are elegant in the extreme, and replete with every
comfort. Admission throughout, is.

CLARET ONE SHILLING PER BOTTLE.
ILL.) Twelve Shillings per dozHn. HENRY BRETT & CO.,
=porters, Holborn Bars.

AfILLINVRY FOR MOURNING.—Mesm.
JAY have the.honour to announce the return of their
Manager from Paris, and that the New Departnidtitt, recently
added to their 'how Rooms, are furnished with the latest
importations of French Millinery for Mourning wear.
THE LONDON GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE.

247, 249, 251, Regent-street.
JAY' S. •

VIE BRITISH IN JAPAN:

The following is Consul Vyse's reply to the

remonstrance of the British merchants in Japan

British Consulate, Kanagawa,
Dec. 13, 1860.
Gentlemen,—l have to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the 10th inst., protesting against the terms
of a notification issued from this Consulate on the sth of
this month.

I have given careful consideration to all you have seen
fit to urge; and although I do not feel called upon to
enter into a long discussion on points of law with those
under my jurisdiction, 'I am quite willing to show that

the action taken in all that concerns your interest or secu-

rity is just and reasonable, and that I am not lees bound
than you are yourselves to act in accordance with the law,
and the treaties under which all foreigners reside in Japan::
Your observations bear chiefly on two points, in which you
conceive erroneously—as I hope to satisfy you—firstly,

that I have misconstrued the obligations of the law as it

affects you, under the treaty of Yeddo and the Queen's
Order in Council ; and secondly, that your interests and
security are damaged by the requirements made upon you
in the notification.

Quoting the. Order in Council, you 'state that no act
done by a British subject can be taken to be a crime,
misdemeanour, or offence, which if dcne in England
would not be punishable by law ; and then apparently you
draw the inference that you may violate any laws of Japan

with impunity, provided the particular act or law violated
could not be shown to be contrary to the law of England.
To carry out this argument to its legitimate conclusion, it
would fellow that the Government of Japan has made a
treaty, by which foreigners are privileged to come within
their territory and outrage or trample under foot all laws
and customs of the country which may not happen to be
in accordance with those of another race or nation; and
to do so wholly regardless of the obvious inconvenience
and danger to society, by an immunity which not
only would expose the laws of the State to continual
infraction, but must unavoidably expose its Government
to degradation in the eyes of their own subjects, to the sub •
version of all order.

Can it for a moment be supposed that the high contract-
ing parties on either sido ever contemplated this as the
necessary or legitimate consequence of the treaties ? Is
there any nation on which such an obligation could be im-
posed, except as the result of utter defeat and conquest ? or
would any Government listen to proposals for a treaty de-
clared to have this object, pr by any possibility calculated
to have this effect ? _ _

Tho monstrous nature of the result to which such a
claim as you now put forward would necessarily lead
is enough to negative it. It is one which in effect
woull leave the Japanese Government not only p6Wer--

less against the infraction of their laws and customs,
but make the presence of foreigners one continued outrage
to those feelings of self-respect and independence which a
high-spirited people, long isolated from the rest of the
world, like the Japanese, are most prone to exaggerate.
It is quite clear such a position would be wholly unten-
able, and nothing could possibly be more disastrous to
foreigners than a pretension to maintain it.
Let us rather turn to the consideration of what is the
position of Christians in infidel countries. Such as it
is, we owe to a concession, on the part of their ruler,

of a sovereign and absolute right of jurisdiction within
their own territory, and this by a fiction of exterri-
torality. It is, in a word, what that of a duly accredited
public minister of a foreign State at the present day is
in all Europe. I presume you will scarcely desire that
your privileges should be greater, or your immunities from
local jurisdiction more ample. Still less can you suppose
it was the aim of the British treaty to place you in any
higher position, in furtherance of its declared objects of
amity and commerce.
What is the position of such a Minister in Europe? -
He is not justiceable to the tribunals of the country in
which he resides, whatever crime or offence he may be
charged with. Neither are you. By the tribunals and
laws of his own country alone can he be made amenable
to justice. This also is your case. But do you from
this infer that a Minister is at liberty to violate the laws
and outrage the customs of the country in which he is
permitted to reside, because these may have no counter-
part in his own ? If he escaped being stoned or slain in
the streets by the people he thus outraged, it would
simply be that the Government of the State would
require and enforce his immediate departure out of the
country, as incompatible with the public peace, and refuse
to allow him to return. And they would do this in the
exercise of a right which has never been disputed between
nations.

This is the remedy against the abuse of a privilege con,
ceded only for just and reasonable ends.
So, if even a Minister in Europe, with all his recognised
immunities, is found risking the lives of native subjects, or
endangering the peace, his arrest, however temporary, is a
liability he will assuredly incur by reason of his own acts ;
for'the law of self-preservation confers rights upon States
as well as individuals. The laws and customs of Japan,
then, even when not similar to our own, must be respected
when they involve no sacrifice of treaty rights or interests.
You can claim no right wilfully to violate them, to the
prejudice and Contrary to the remonstrances of the Govern-
ment; and if you do, it is impossible to deny their right in
return to demand redress, and, if persevered in, your de-
portation; because such conduct would be manifestly the
abuse, and not the proper use, of the privileges conceded
by treaty for quite other objects.
To apply this to shooting at this port, and riding of
Chinese servants—the one is contrary to the dictated law,
and the other to the custom of Japan. The first is no
less contrary to the law in England, where no one is
permitted b shoot without a Government license. To do
so is to commit a punishable offence. Here the Govern-
ment refuses, for reasons which it deems good and suffi-
cient, to give such license. So also, as you must be aware,
no one can trespass over the land of another in England
without committing an actionable offence. Yet both these
acts, I repeat, have been deliberately committed by 'divers
foreigners, British and others, in spite of distinct warnings
in official notifications. The riding of Chinese servants is
precisely one of those sumptuary laws to which you refer
(and which law, be it observed en passant), the Japanese
have net hitherto at least expressed any desire to enforce.
Two Japanese have been only lately, in successive days,
ridden over and either killed or grievously injured. Are
such things to be tolerated ?—and if not, where is the
remedy ? You will toy, arrest the offenders and punish
them. Who is to arrest thern? Foreign Powers keep no
police in Japan. And the servants' masters will not, it
seem , exercise proper control, or they never would have
suffered them to career about on horseback.
Both the offenders in the recent cases have escaped inden-
tification and punishment. And so it will be ira 9 cases out of
10, even if the Japanese were urged to be more vigilant and
resolute. So it was with shooting. How were the offenders to
be identified ? Reiterated complaints were made by the
Japanese Government that guns were levelled at the offi-
cers by foreigners, when the former sought the means of
identification. At last the attempt to secure them led to
an event which does more to endanger the security on*
and property than any of the acts of which you ishow
yourselves so sensitive, and so anxious lest they should cur-
tail your legitimate freedom of action. But, in point of
fact, what you are really contending for is the right to put
aside all effective effort on the part of the authorities of the
country to maintain respect for their laws, as the foreign

ministers recognise, of general -obligatior., and they them-
selves deem most essential to preserve intaet. For it is
obvious that if any Japanese laws are to be upheld es
against foreigners in Japan, the' local authorities must
have some power of arresting those who are engaged
in committing offences. This you yourselc'es admit
in some degree, and such authority cannot be denied
them, either in justice or reason. It .has, in fact,
always been conceded in all countries where similar
privileges are granted as those stipulated: for here. This
may be indiscreetly exercised, and lilze most other
things, is liable to. abuse;. but so jar as this port is eon:
cerned, it will be my duty to use every exertion to proVide
against, both the one and the other---not to protest against
the reasonable and proper ufe of such provisiOnal authority.
It only remains to reply to your remarks on
.the prohi-
bition to carry ostentatiously about the person revolvers
end other fire-arms during the day. lam constrained to
differ from you both as to the alleged necessity for this
practice and its utility. The assassinations' you refer to
were after sunset.

The only two murderous attacks which have taken place
in the daytime (both at Yeddo) were cases where it
was notorious the parties attacked invariably carried re!
volvers. Each of them had one or more in their belts
with loaded barrels at the very moment that one was thrust
through his body by his assassin, and some months later
when another was wounded by a sword cut. If the arms
thoy carried were not provocations, at least it is evident
they were no pr. teetion against attack. And any immu-
nity fromisueh attempts on life at Yokohama, during the
last six months, I believe to be attributable to quite other
causes than the display of revolvers. I would fain hope that
those among you who most desire the establishment of
amicable and permanent relations in this country, will see,
upon reflection, that nothing can so little tend to this
-object as an- open disregard of the lawa and customs of
the Japanese, or a belligerent and offensive attitude of
pee petual menaces. They who would live in peace and
security in foreign countries must ever have regard to the
prejuthe.ss of a people, est-well as their laws and established
customs. When you speak of suriaptuary la*s, wbrcla aright
be rendered obligatory upon you, in a manner at once vexa-
tious and injurious, I think you marfairly be called upon
to wait until you have experience of any such ,attempt,
No Japanese law can be enforced against you by legal pro-
cess, except with consent of the British authorities, and by
their action you may reasonably be required, therefore, to
show that one such law, contrary to your true interests
'and the reasonable exigencies of the Government of the
country, has been admitted as binding and obligatory.
You .come here for trade, you come as pioneers, and in
some sense as the representatives of British commerce and
nationality; but if you come with muskets and bayonets, or.
revolvers, as the proper implements of a mercantile pioneer,
you come, under conditions never contemplated in the
treaty, and under conditions, let me finally observe, much
more likely to provoke collision than to conduce to the only
object for which your right of residence in Japan was
sought. If conflicts should unfortunately result from any
want of due consideration for the national peeuliaritie; of
an Eastern race, and a wilful violation of laws or custoMs,
which do not interfere with the full enjoyment of all the
treaty rights necessary to the prosecution of peaceful
and commercial object.s, you will be disowned, alike by
the people and the Government of your own country,
neither of which will consent to be drag/zed into a
long and doubtful war for the sake of supporting a few in
dividnals in overriding the laws, customs, or even the pre-
judices of a whale nation, in matters indifferent and con-
trary to the best interests of both parties.
Against such a contingency, it is my duty, as I know
it to be the determination of her Majesty's Minister at
Yeddo, to guard by every means, and therefore I have
told you in my notification, and must again repeat,—you
may not shoot because the law of Japan forbids it, and
your owh laws bear out the prohibition which the Go-
vernment refuses to license. You may not carry revol-
vers at your belt between sunrise and sunset, while
engaged in the peaceful occupation of a merchant, buy-
ing or selling—because, while it fails to give the protec-
tion you seek to secure, there is reason to believe
it tends directly to provoke a breach of the peace in many
cases and the very danger you apprehend. And, lastly,
Chinese servants under the protection of the British flag
must not be allowed to ride down Japanese in the streets,
and therefore must not ride at all ; because it is in the first
place an unnecessary and motiveless violation of the laws
and customs of the country, and in the second place be-
cause by such absolute prohibition alone the danger is to be
effectually averted.

I trust you Will receive this full answer to your letter as
a proof of my desire to show you that any action en my
part has had your security and welfare in view, and is not
an arbitrary exercise of authority.—l have, &c.,
(Signed) F. HOWARD VYSE,

H.B.M.'s Acting Consul for Kanagawa.
•
To Messrs. A. J. Ma4herson, H. Bush, W. J.
Aspinall, and others, Yokohama.

TILE ISTEAMSHIP ADRIATIC:

SOUTHAMPTON, March 27. The steamship
Adriatic, Captain Jefferson Maury,•-which arrived
here on Sunday morning from New York, and is
now the property of the Atlantic Royal Mail Com-
pany, was taken to Stokes Bay to-day for an official
trial trip before entering on the mail service under
the British flag. She made four runs on the mea-
sured mile with the following results :—First run,
4. min. 31 ace, equal to 13.284 knots per hour; second,
3 min. 18 sec., or 13.181 knots; third, 4 min.
20 sec* or 13 846 knots ; fourtn, 3 min. 21 secs
or 1/ 910 knots; giving a mean speed of
15.908 knots per hour. Revolutions of engines
during trial, 17 to 18 ; pressure of steam, 251 b..;
vacuum, 251 b., with surface condensers. Draught
of water forward, 17 feet 2 inches ; aft, 18 feet 10
inches ; 110 tons of coals on board. The usual
authorities of the Admiralty and Board of Trade
were present to witness the trial, together with
some of the company's officials and a few other
scientific gentlemen. The Adriatic goes into dry
dock on Thursday to be surveyed, and will leave
for Galway in the course of a few days. It is ex-
pected that she will take the mails from that port
on the 9th of April. This fine steamship has
excited much attention among nautical men during
the time she has been lying in our docks, her
beautiful lines, as well as the extent and splendour
of her internal arrangements, being much admired
by all who have paid her a visit. An iron paddle-
wheel steamer, built for the new Southampton and
Isle of Wight Steamship Company, was launched
at noon to-day from the premfses of her builder,
Mr. Kerman, at Millbrook, about two miles distant
from this place. This lacint is being constructed on
a plan patented by Mr. W. H. Mentz, of Mill-
brook-lodge, and another vessel, somewhat similar
in principle, built for the same station, was launched
a fortnight since from the works of the Thames
Iron Shipbuilding Company at Blackwell. The
latter ship is named the Lord of the Isles, and the

one launched the day is christened the American.
The vessels of which the American will be a type
are built with flush decks, level with and suppor-
ted on the gunwales, the decks overhanging the
sides of the hull to the width of the outside of the
paddlewheels. On this overhanging part the pas-
sengers' cabins are placed, and between them and
the engine-room, which occupies the centre of the
vessel, is the necessary accommodation for
carriages, horses, and cattle. There is a promenade
deck over the cabin, which may, where desired,
also be carried over the carriage and cattle
deck. The vessel is steered by means of a helm
at either end, both worked by one wheel. Com-
munication with the shore is effected by a floating
dummy, with a deck about the same.level as the flush
deck of the steamer, and this duiAmy, which is
attached to the landing-place, rises and falls with
the tide. This is the first introduction into this
country of the principle of the American lake and
river steamers, and the chief merits claimed for the
intention are the superiority of accommodation for
pleasure traffic, enabling passengers to enjoy freer
ventilation and uninterrupted views of the adjacent
land and water scenery through the ranges of win-
and also endbling the vessels to
carriages, &c., without risk of
'with the cumbrous accompani-
ments carry
rnwr
gys e in
rh,
dr theisseps
ec
nae bins,asit ntcattle,
e
of heavy tow-boats. The Lord of the Isles
will be ready for the station in the course of two or
three weeks, and will shortly be followed by the
American, which two vessels will run during the
present season, two more being proposed to be added
to the fleet in the succeeding year. Commodore
Louis H. Versturine, R.N., has been appointed a
naval mail agent on the Southampton packet
station.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag-
gravate and perpetuate diseases; their annoyance, dis-
appointment, and expense may' be avoided by persons
in indifferent health sending only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
will receive gratis and free by post the "INVALIDS' OWN
JIIIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine Or ex
p nise, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and
refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removs
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nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitatiot ,
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sinking, fits, bronchitis.—" Unquestionably the safest ankle
to health.".

RAPREBBAI2IATION Ql' •SOUTH LeDIGWASIIIRZ.

-

i • •
A runnel-oils and infhiential meeting of the Liberal
eledtors of ' South Lancashire was held yesterday
afternoon at Newton in-the-Willows to promote the
nomination of the Right Hon.. W. E. Gladstone.

Mr. 0. Heywood, of Manchester, was called upon
•

to preside.

The CHAIPMAN said he should have. the utmost
pleasure in voting for Mr. Gladstone, although there
might be many points of difference of opinion be-

tween the right hon. gentleman and himself. Mr.
Gladstone was'a man who would not, hesitate to
vote in the House of Commons in accordtinee with

his convictions; and he (Mr. Heywood) felt when

such a man's views were mainly those which he
himself entertained, he could heartily support him
without seeking to tie him down to specific pledges

on this or that subject. (Applause.) ' •
Mr. W. EARLE (of Liverpool) moved the follow-
ing resolution : _
"That the position• occupied by Mr. W. Tif,
Gladstone as one!of the first statesmen and orators
in Europe, the extensive knowledge he possesses of
the commercial wants of the country, 'the impor-
tant part he has taken in its fiscal legislation, and
the p9pular opinions he 'has expressed en foreign
policy, recommend him as a fit and proper repre-
sentative.of the views and interests of South Lan-
cashire in the *House of Commons."

Mr. J. CHEETHAM,, who was loudly cheered, said
it was with the gieatest pleasure that he 'heard the
name of the gentleman who was proposed as a can-
didate after he (Mr. Chcetham) had himselfdeclined
to contest the seat. Perhaps he had, more than
many gentlemen present, had an opportunity of
knowing something of Mr. Ciladstone's

tiouat+l,l4viag..wAtolled tl.a.ge.ntleulaWs.career for
some years past, he would say that Mr. Gladstone
_ _

had made upon him the strongest impression of any
of the rising statesmen of the day. He was pro
posed on the present occasion, however, more on
account of his knowledge of the commercial wants

of the country than because he was the first orator

in Europe. Mr. Gladstone had invariably, since he

accepted the office in 1852, shown the greatest sym-
pathy with the commercial and manufacturing inte-
rests of the country, and had shown himself at all,
times ready. to listen to the advice-of men repre-
senting this great county. He hadrdisplayed the
deepest interest in the progress of that great portibn of
her Majesty's subjects concerning whose industry,
talent, enterprise, and capital it was not too much
to say that upon them depended, in a great, degree,
the solidity and welfare of the empire at large.

There were • doubtless some things in' which Mr.
Clladstone.did not go to the full extent. that was
desirable, but from, year to year he had been slowly
and steadily. adVanaing-in the psth which his best'
friends approved, and in process of time had taken.
more and more of a liberal tone in thought and'
feeling. Fie (Mr. Cheetham) belieVed the very best
thing that could be done.for Mr. Gladstone would

be to sever his connection with Oxford—(laughter)
—and the next best thing would be to unite him to
a constituency co closely identified with commerce,
liberal opinions, and progress as South Lancashire.
(Cheers.) He had great pleasure in seconding the
resolution.

Mr. S. PLATT (Oldham) said they had in Mr.
Gladstone not only a Lancashire man, but one whose
feelings and interests werebidentified with the pros:
perity of that county. In speaking of that county
they spoke . of the life-blood almost of England ;.
because, "however they might be;accused of self.
_
flattery, whatever was noble, generous, and far-
sighted' in the interests Of this country generally-,
emanated from South Lancashire. (Laughter and.
cheers.) The last session of Parliament was of itself
sufficient to establish Mr. Gladstone's claims. There
might be difference of opinion as to the motives cf
France in the negotiation of the commercial treaty,
but there could be none as to the motives of Mr.
Gladstone and those with whom he was associated
in the undertaking. Although at the present-time.
no great results had flown from that treaty, the day
could not be far distant when most important con-
sequences would issue from it. It was no matter in
whatever light Mr. Gladstone's character might be
viewed—they all saw now that he was for the on-
ward course, and there was nothing that would
more assist to push
,him on than Making- him a
representative of South Lancashire. (Cheers.)

tion.

Mr. H. MASON said tire polling—district of
Ashton•under-Lytne would rally round Mr. Glad.
stone as heartily and successfully as -it had
supported the Liberal candidates on former
occasions. As a man entirely bound up with com-
merce, he (Mr. Mason) was glad to see a gentle-
man brought forward having the high commercial
qualifications of Mr. Gladstorie, but he did not see
why there should be anything like a divcree be-
tween the gentlemen of the land and the gentlemen
of cotton factories, seeing that the interests of both
classes were thoroaghly identified. He believed it
was only because there was not a proper diffusion
of information among either class that the landed
and the commercial interests were to some extent
disunited i❑ the South Lancashire election battles,
and he thought they should expect in the approach-
ing contest a mare cordial co-operation between
the two. (Applause.)
Mr. G. WILSON, who was greeted ivith loud
cheers, said he might take *the olsportunity—n
been the chairman of the committee of the
Liberal candidates for South Lancashire at every
election since the first (in 1832), and as it had been
his privilege to support men whose opinions differed
very much from Mr. Gladstone's on many points—
of showing why he thought he was not inconsis-
tent in supporting the right hon. gentleman on this
occasion. From the first moment of hearing his
name mentioned as a candidate he (Mr. Wilson)
never asked a question as to how far Mr. Glad-
stone's views might correspond with his own. He
knew that on many questions they did not. It was
no disparagement to Mr. Gladstone to say,that
although, if he were himself in the House of Com-
mons, he (Mr. Wilson) might very frequently go
into the opposite lobby from the right hon. gentle-
man, yet he believed Mr. Gladstone would be one
of the most suitable representatives of South Lan-
cashire. It could not be ignored that from the first

mention of his name as a candidate' an electric

shock of approval had passed through the minds of
Liberals of all classes in that constituency. They
took the man, not perhaps as they could like him to
be on all questions, but they took him as he was—
not. perhaps merely as the greatest member of the
present Government, whose genius far eclipsed
all the rest of his colleagues, but, because they
believed there was a great future in Mr. Glad-
stone, which the act of the Liberal party in
this constituency to-day might promote the realisa-
tion of. He agreed with Mr. Cheetham that
Ox-
ford was not the proper place for Mr. Gladstone to
represent. The connection between Mr. Gladstone
and that Upiversity had been most honourable, and
if he (Mr. Wilson) were a scholar the representa-
tion of Oxford would be the object of his highest
preference;,. but he must concur in the opinion
that Oxford University, at this time, was not the
constituency from which we should take our rising
statesmen in a nation which existed entirely in the
prosperity of its trade, manufactures, and agricul-
ture. (Cheers.)
Mr. M'CORQUODALE said he would be very happy
to support Mr. Gladstone, though he could not con-
scientiously have voted for the Liberal candidates
proposed at the last election.
A letter was read from Mr. J. P. Heywood, one
of the unsuccessful Liberal Candidates at the last
election, expressing a ho.pe that the Liberals would
be united in the contest.
The resolution was unanimously adopted.
• Mr. BAZLEY, 111. P., gave some explanations as to
the result of the deputation of Liverpool gentlemen
to ascertain the disposition of Mr. Gladstone. He
said those gentlemen went to London on a voyage
of discovery, having in their eye the promontory
" Gladstone." How to approach that promontory

ee.lcaii AD:. 'l,l B,!', N2-411;:wi.

te'r of difl4dlty, btcaxise 11r. Gra&t4o,
as a gentleman of delicacy of mind and the highest
honour, on being informed of the object of the 467
potation, said, Lancashire_. had not the seat to offer,
and he war not in a position to receive gentlemen on
that subject. The deputation, therefore, placed
themselves in col imunication with the Liberal
members of thelloOse Of Commoti,:, .who said their
best course ,was to take care to present to the right
hon, gentleman a requisition that would be il:ok-
tible, . -The Liberal members would, in that. case,'
recommend r.. Glad-.tone to place himself in' the
hands of his political friends who Would enforce
upon him as a duty the acceptance of the inVil-a-
-(Cheers.)

A resolution pledging the fneeting to the suppnrt
of Mr. Gladstone wits carried,'and spoken to ;by
Mr. Hadfield, M,P., Mr. E; Potter, and other gen-
tlemen of influence.

. ,
THE I'PRTIICOMING (4.llAiiB.
t
'

memorandum
nd
of
18u m 67
has
smbee
eonf
the
eTohbe
jfeocltlsovvanidnguteoifal mthe
census
issued, and will be read with interest. It may be
stated that there will be no investigation as to the
".religious profession" of any one. That inquiry,
when proposed last year, having been met with
general disapproval, was abandoned by the Govern-
ment.

The census .concerns every individual in the
British 1512.5: Earlfin April a schedtriir be left
with the ocedpiek of every house and apartment;
and shortly after sunrise, (AA Monday, Bth April,
30,441 enumerators in England and Wales will
begin their- calls at every' house and collent the
sebedules.whipktkey haveAKeviouslyAft,,Vitvi up ,
those of persons IVheihaveien nna4lo wri*;
similar army will perform a precisely similar opera-
tion in Scotland; Ireland, and Australia. It is
sometimes asked, why is the seventh census to be
taken ? What is:the use of the information to be
collected? The injunction " know''thyself " is as
binding_ on nations as on individuals, and 'self

Inowledge is in both cases as useful as it is difficult
to acquire. The householder takes some note of
the members of his family; the merchant takes
stock ; and governments:connt the numbers of their
people. The population of a country is not only of
great interest in,science,-lit it is'a pieCe of infor-
mation with' 'Whieh (Fiery educated -person is
'fanailiar,; and is indeed the primary heading in
every, elementary book of geography., That the
population may be correctly known, the census
must be taken. The usefuln'esS of information of
this kind is shown. by the demand for the London
and other directories, court guides, law lists,.and
p'ecrages. Tne census supplies materials for a na-
tionhl... directory, .in iivhic h the. names •of. every
Englishman will be found inscribed. But the in-
formation in these national books will
,be more
-cOmpr'ehensive ahan''t hat in •the directories; for
after the names of the inmates in each inhabited
thek sex), age,, conjugal condition, occupa-
lion, and birthplace, will be written. Thus, by an
analyeis of the returns, the' population can be
classified. We .can learn the number of males and
females living at different ages, distinguishing
those married and unmarried, and those who fabri-
cate in every variety of industry the infinite
number of valuable products in these islands. A
lsnowledge of these facts about the English people
would in itself be useful and gratifying to a Jiberal
curiosity ; precisely as is an acquaiutaince with the
plants and minerals and an- als of the world, and
the stars of the 'heavens, VG se " multitudes" have
been catalogued by scienti c men. It is moreover.
well established, that the Mations of men to each
others and all their acts, are governeil by laws of
.unsiversal interest, which can be deduced from the
-/I:•l):ter'vations of which the Census supplies the most
essential part. Some of these laws' are too recon-
-dite for casual discussion, but the doctrine of
population may be referred to as of obvious
importance. The area: of. theie islands is
limited, and it is a matter of no small inter-
est to know bow many mouths these are to be fed,
at what rates they fre increasing, and how they
are, likely to -increase by subsisting marriages—
how many are dependent on the several kinds of
industry, deriving materials' from the produce of
the soil, or from the wider fields of foreign. com-
merce: The census supplies -answers to all these
questions, and shows how population is increased
or diminished by marriages at different ages, by
the different species of indhstry, and by emigra-
tion to our vast colonial possessions. The numbers
of fighting men, as well as intelligence and wealth,
determine the position England holds in the pre-
sence of the other great powers of Europe ; and'are
tlit3 measure of the influence which it can exert
iu,the.cause of freedom all over the world. The
census displays to her enemies the force invaders
have to dread,. and to friendly States the numbers
of their,friends in England. -

The first census vas taken under Mr. Pitt's
administiation in 1801. It was the year of the
Union with Ireland ; a year of famine, and a year

fa? (Yuinary war with France, having the northern
confederacy for its allies. '1 he population of Great
Britain was estimated at 7,392,000 in 1751. Ma

nufactures and the large towns increased, but
emigration was commencing, and some country
villages were deserted. Goldsmith sang :

TII fires the land, to hastening ills a prey,
-Where wealth accumulates and men decay;
Princes and lords may flourish or may fade,
A breath can make them, as a breath has made :
But a bold peasantry, thcijcountry's pride,".
When once destroyed, can never be supplied.

And Dr. Price contended that there was an abso-
lute decay of the population:. This gave rise to a
protracted controversy, which, in the critical state
of the country, it was important to settle. The
population of Great Britain 'was then enumerted
in 1801, and amounted to 10,917,000, and with
that of Ireland united with her, made above
16,000,000. This was a triumphant reply to
the. doubts of those who despaired of their
country. Notwithstanding the war .the popu-
lation increased, as the census showed, at the
rate of two to three millions every ten years
until 1841. Then immense emigration took
place ' • there was depopulating famine in Ireland,
which had an imperfect poor law, and cholera was
epidemic; vet the population of Great Britain was.
augmented by 2,308,000, and although the popula-
tion of Ireland fell off, the people of the United
Kingdom amounted to 27,724,000 in 1851, Since
that date there have been great emigrations, and an

epidemic of cholera; but the marriages have in-
creased, the births have exceeded the deaths, and
the mortality of the towns has been diminished by
sanitary measures. An increase of the population
may be expected ; but its extent and the particular
classes which have increased or declined—in towns
or in the country—can only be determined by the
census to be taken on the Bth of April. The " num-
ber of souls," in the expressive language of the
old writers, will then be known, and will remind
the nation of the extent of the institutions for the
advancement of education, religion, and justice, re-
quired to keep pace with its numbers. The infor-
mation which the census supplies admits of innu-
merable practical applications. It is absolutely
necessary for determining the state of the public
health ; and by pointing out the immense varia-
tions in the rate of mortality, and the intensity of
diseases Under different circumstances, will lead to
the removal of the real causes of national suffering
and decay. In the same way, by comparing the
crimes committed by different classes of the popu-
lation with their numbers, the prevalence of crime
may be discovered and diminished; which, when
criminals are no longer transported, is a matter of
immense importance. The frequency with which
reference is made in both' Houses of the Legisla-
ture, at public boards, and municipal bodies, to the
varying population of the towns, counties, and
several divisions of the country, demonstrates the
propriety of obtaining all the information accu-
rately which the census supplies for public pur-
poses. The census was taken by the legislators of
antiquity, and by the practical Romans; itis now
carried out in every civilized country. But the Eng-
lish census has in it some peculiarities. It has.no
connection whatever with rates and taxes. There
is nothing approaching to a poll-tax in England,and
no one has anything to dread from the census in-
quirks. There is no conscription in England,and even
the ballot for the militia is forgotten ; the services
by sea and by land being filled by volunteers. The
inquiry elicits no real secrets, as the information
asked of each man is known approximately to all
his friends ; and even in the delicate matter of years
numbered by gentlemen; or even by ladieseost,fhiae
t
certain age, it is found, that although.many may
look, they are never thought younger than they are
byrightother n d
thepe prudentcourseople;t h so that toe
to
wt l
o, theeof the fa
is t
pursue. truth
indeed The re-
turns of ager and _
is officially announced, ere to be treated as confi-
dential, and neither to be used to a person's disad.
Should
' vantage nor to gratify " idle curiosity,"

7 st: ...---
cooks, or of of' -i-0,. I .s, 4, ,
udinf still, ' lijr,
erTeTeiH.T.,l,' n'i( t't
air
1',,-,:-r-:‘, t' . ',.;•.: nii,t..' " -:
4f
~,,,iirt..k.
7-' - '; -, '.:-ZI4,,C,Ft ,they al V.7--:colaittz., ,
....
~i ~..O ; Lu, in E-i,gisO.tOey are. ikt,taiffi ki*:frn
the census books by name,ana treated -reel, _ fon.
th--efrsaiiie'lfdot•WiF,Acileirsorts of a.. lli-;1.,,,t rank.
Another peetliarifYdrtlie; h4,1161Ce OnSils consists
14itsJ:iz,g_takc.- -.11,-lay..paicien.walenitors. in one slay.
Mali i:. denelo mike tile ()et:stint' alinest photo-
graphic, so that each icidrvidual may be counted
only once ; but it adds to the difficulty of this
qpparontly iimp:e but really 'cornplex and vast
operation. England and Wales have been divided
into 30,441 districts, to each of which an enumerator
has been. appointed; as well as 501 to the large
institutions.- They work under 2,192 district
registrars and 631 superintendent registrars. To
each officer minute printed instructions, suggested
by the experience of the last census, have ,been
given by the..rogistrar-aeneral ; and ,all have been
supplied :with appropriate' books and schedules
-.nit-able 'to. their d'ilhriets throtigh the Post-office,
the railways, and the Parcels Delivery Company ;
and the papers thus distributed with strict regard
to eCoperny, weigh more than 45 tons. The
enumerators sere' a highly respectable body, and
include clergymen----and many other professional
men, who have undertaken the work from public
motives. But the success of the operation depends
not so much on the registrar-ieneral, on his officers,
or on the enumerators, as on the four or five mil-
lion' heads of 'families in every part of the rand.
Some of these, of course, are not in a position to
understand the measure; and the co-operation of
all the educated classes, particularly of the clergy,
of medical then, and of public writers in the press,
is' indisptnsahln to the complete success of the
seventh census. . If the influential classes of society
will expend a part of the interval between this date
and the Bth of April in explaining the measure, in
disseminating information among the poorer classes,
and in persuading them to furnish exact returns,
the operation Will . undoubtedly be as successful as
it was in. 1851, when the' census was taken without
the infliction of a single fine under the penal clauses
of the act of parliament. .
Census office, London, March 25.

The followiug are the headings into which the
form to be filled up is divided :
:2N.:111R-TrAncit SnrtAienus.m-INTo person absent on. thentight
EV7fliltiVrttNi7P9,47lVO4'l;r&r.* who
nutY PAPP_ ng od;4wor .14nt)i.Zt might, and who
return home on' Mondhy, ApriflA. Writs after die name
of the head of the' family the names of his wife, children,
and other relatives ; then visitors, &e., and servants.
2. Relation to Head of Family.—State whether wife, son,
daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, &c., or servant.
Condition.—Write either " married," " widower,"

" widow," or "unmarried," against the names of all persons
except young children. -

4. Sex.—Write "M" against males, and "P' against
females.

5. Age (Last Birthday).—For infants under one year,
state the age in months, writing "under 1 month," "1
month," "2 months," B.:e.

'6. Bank, profession, or occupation.
7. Where Botn.—OppoSite the names of those born in
England, write the county, and town or payish..,:lf born in.
Scotland, Ireland, the British Colonies, or the Bast Indies„
state the country. If born in foreign parts state the coun-
ry; and if also a British subject add "British subject," or
"naturalised British, subject," as the case may be.
' 3. If Deaf and Dumber Blind—Write "Deaf and DuMb,"
or "Blind," opposite the name of the person ; and. if so
from birth, add "from birth."

The following general instruction will accompany each
form to be filled up by the occupier or person in charge of
the dwelling. If tha house is let or sublet to different
families or lodgers, each occupier or lodger must make a
return fpr his portion of the house upon a separate paper.
CE'x'aroples of the mode of filling up the return.)
_ . _

Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank,.
Profession, Occupation" :
The superior titles of peers and other persons of rank to
be inserted, as well as any high t ffice which they may hold.
Magistrates, aldermen, and other important public officers,
to state their profession after their official title.

Army and Navy.—Add, after the rank, " Army,"
" "Royal Navy," "Royal Engineers," "Ma-
rines," " East India Service," as the case may be. Officers
on "half-pay" or "retired" to be described. Chelsea,
Greenwich, and other pensioners, to be so designated.
Persons in the civil service to state the department to
which they are attached after their rank; those on the
superannuation list to be so distinguished.
Clergymen of the Church of England to return themselves
as "Rector of ," " Vicar of ," " Curate
of ," &c., or "without cure of souls." They are re-
quested to employ the indefinite term " clerk." Roman
Catholic priests, and ministers of foreign churches, to return
themselves as such, and, to state the name of the church or
chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting ministers to re •
turn themselves as " Independent Minister, of
Chapel," "Wesleyan minister, of Chapel," &c.
Locq.l or occasional preachers, must return their ordinary
occupat ; but may add,' Local Methodist preacher," &c.

Legal Profession—Barristers to state whether or not in
actual practice; officers of any court, &c., to state the de-
scription of office and name of court. The designation
"attorney" or " solicitor" to be confined to those whose
names are actually upon the Roll. Clerks in solicitors'
offices should state whether,solieitor's managing, articled,
or general clerk.

Members of the medical profession to state the university,
college, or hall of which they are graduates, fellows, or
licentiates ; also whether they practice as physician, sur-
geon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, ece., or are "not
practising."

Professors, teachers, public writers, authors, and scientific
men, to state the particular branch of science or literature
which they teach or pursue ; artists, the art which they
eulrivate. Graduates should enter their degrees in this
column.

Persons engaged in commerce, as merchants, brokers,
agents, commercial travellers, to state in all cases the parti-
cular kind of bitsitiesS in which they are engaged, or the
staple in•which theY chiefly deal. Members of the Stock
Exchange, East India merchants, &c., may be so described.
Commercial Clerk—always add in what branch of busi-
ness. (Note.—Clerks in the civil service, and in solicitors'
offices, should be distinguished as above directed.)
The term farmer to be applied only to the occupier of
land. Example: "Farmer of 317 acres, employing 8
labourers and three toys ;" the actual number of acres, and
of men and boys employed on the farm, on April 8, being
iu all cases inserted. Sons or daughters employed at home
or on the farm, may be returned—" Farmer's son," "far-
mer's daughter." Farm servants•sleeping in the farmer's
house must be described in his schedule as "carter,"
" dairymaid," &c., as the case may be.
An out-door labourer working on a farm must be de-
scribed as "agricultural labourer," "shepherd," &c., as the
case may be.

In trades, manufactures, or other business, the employer
must, in all cases, be distinguished. Exam(_le: "Carpenter
—master, employing 6 men and 2 boys ;" inserting always
the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on
April 8. In the case of firms, the number of persons em-
ployed should be returned by one partner only.
In the 'case of workers in mines or manufactures, and
generally in the arts, the particular branch of work, and the
material, aro always to be distinctly expressed if they are
not implied in the names, as in " coal-miner," " brags-
founder," " silk-throwster." Where the trade is much sub-
divided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus,
" watchmaker—finisher ;" "printer—compositor."
Artisans and mechanics should invariably state their
particular branch of art or business.
Weaver should always write " silk," "wool," " worsted,"

"cotton," &c., before this general term, so as to express
distinctly the material which he weaves, thus, " silk-

weaver."

Messefigers, porters, labourers, and servants, to be de-
scribed according to the nature of their employment on the
day of the census.
A person following more than one distinct business
should insert his several occupations in the order of their
importance.
Persons following no profession, trade, or calling, and
holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly
from land, houses, mines, dividends, interest of money,
annuities, &c., may designate themselvcs—t` Landed Pro-
prietor," 6` Proprietor of Iron Mines," ' Proprietor of
Houses," " Fundholder," &c., as the ease maybe. Persons
who have'retired from business may be entered thus---" Re -
tired Farmer," " Retired Grocer."
Persons in almshouses, after being described as such,
should state their previous occupations.
Women and childreonr whtobeo
followenteredaancycobrusdin:etsos tahtehaobemveo,
instructions. The occupations of those who are regularly
employed from home,
to be distinctly recorded. Against the names of children,
daily attending school, or receiving regular tuition at home ,
write
occupier is The requested to insert the particulars speci-
fied,
in compliance with an act which passed the House of
and received e
1860. d e
Commons and the House of Lords in the last session of Par-
liament, assent
This of f
paperher
Ilsvilialj
he sot y
called the
for Queen
nn the 6thon
Monday, April B,ly the appointed enumerator, and it is
, August,
desirable that the answers should be written in the proper
columns by the morning of that day, in order that his pro-
gress may not be delayed. It will be his duty, under the
act, to complete the return if it be defective, and to correct
it if erroneous. Any person authorised by the occupier
may write in the particulars if he is himself unable to do so.
Persons who refuse to give correct information are liable
to a penalty 'of five pounds, besides the inconvenience and
' annoyance of appearing before two justices of the peace,
and being convicted of having made a wilful mis-statement
of age, or of any of the other particulars.
The facts will be published in general abstracts only, and
strict earditill be taken that the returns are not used for
the gratification of curiosity.

VOLUNTEER SHAM FIGHT AND FIELD
DAY ON EASTER MONDAY.
Gentlemen are respectfully informed that the Dining
Rooms will be kept Open until a hour on that day. -
This Establishment will be entirely Closed, as usual, on
-oon FRIDAY, and will be Open on Saturday, the 30th o'
t arch.

THOMAS PRICE, Superintendent.
Tim WELLINGTON, 160, Piccadilly,
March 23, 1861.

rrIi;EATR-g-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
LesAee, Mr. J. B. Baokstene.
On EA.STEIt MONDAY (April I)„ will be performed
JL DUKE IN DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F.
Haydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. i3uckstone,
Par. Compton: Mr. Howe, (to.

—•- -
Alter -which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery
and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry
Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN.

Commence at 7.

EW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.

Novel Attraction for the Passion Week. TO-NIGHT
(Thursday), and every evening during the Week (Friday ex-
cepted), the celebrated Italian Illusionist, Chevalier ANTO-
NIO POLETTI, in his extraordinary and wonderful enter-
tainment of NATURAL and CHYMICAL MAGIC ; and
Pell's (the Original Bones) Ethiopian Minstrels. Doors open
at half-past Six, commence at Seven. Box-office open on
Saturday, from 10 to 5. No charge for booking.

.Ito YAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
,;;On Easter Monday, THRICE MARRIED.
Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Pechter. Sup
ported by Messrs. Graham, Meadows, Am ; Misses Heath, R.
Leelereq, and Elsworthy.

ADELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster.
On EASTER MONDAY, a new drama, MAGLIORE,
PRESTIDIGITAIOR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole,
D. Fisher, &c.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss El. Simms, &c.
After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Miss Julia Daly.
Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7.

CANTERBURY-HALL CONCERTS!!!
Westminster-road.
Proprietor ........ C. Morton.
A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera,
IL CORSARO,

(This opera has never been produced in this or any other
country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de-
cided success which charactisei the most popular works of
this ,great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ;
together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI-
3fENTO, by Donizetti,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss
Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and
C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A.
B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and
the Brothers Conrad.
John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on
view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the
Establishment.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
This DAY.—Morning, 2h. 53m.—Afternoon, 3h. 16m.
To-moßatow.-Morning, 3h. 16m.—Afternoon, 3h. 54m.