The Sun.
London, England, 1857-06-15 00:00:00

LON DON, MO D A EVEN ING, JUNE 11, 18 :7

DANK OF DEPO••IT.
NATIONAL ASSIIRANCE AND INVESTMENT
ASSOCIATION,
No. 3, PALL MALL I AST, LONDON, S.W.,
(Head Office)
No 2, ST A NDREVT• SQUARE, EDI BUR6/1 ;
No. 202, UNION-STREET, ABERDEEN ;
No, 8, (11Elialf-STREET, BIRMINOLI AM ;
NJ. t, PAYILION-BUILDINGS, BRIGHTON;
No. 61, 1•IGII-STREET, I.EWES ;
- No. 9, WESTMORELAND STREET, DUBLIN.
Es abllsh.d May, 1844.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament.

THIS Company was Estab!ished. in 1844, for
the nrpose of opening to the pn He an eaev and align. stion-
ahly safe mode of Investment, with a high and uniform rate of inte-
res-.

The plan of the Bank of Deposit differs entirely from that of ordi-
nary Batiks in the mole of employing capital —money deposit= d
with this Company being principally lent up3n wcll secured Life
interests, Reversions in the Government 'unds, or other property
of ample ye:tie. Tide class of securities, although not immediately
convert! le, it is well k •own yields the greatest amount of vrotit,
combined with the most pe•feet safety. Further, Loans made by
the Company are collaterally secured by a Policy of Assurance on
the life of the Borrower, or his nominee, effected at a rate of pre-
mium which secures the validity of the Policy against every pos-
sible cnn ingenc::
Thus depositors are effectually protected against the penibility of
Ids., whilst the large and constantly Increasing revenue arising
ft*om the pr:miutns on Assurances thus effected yields ample profit
to the Company, and provides for all the expenses of management.

DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS may be opened with sums of any amount, and
increased fr m time to lime, at the convenience of dep.sit rs
A receipt, signed by two Directors, is given for each sum de-
posited

lig oN T. -B L A N.O
• y j_ TO-NIGILT.

IS OPEN

A K. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES,
X wit' Kew r‘Atumes and v riots Yoveltics, rocal and Ch,-
,cteristic, EVERY EVENING (~aturday exceptrd) at Eight A
!orning Pill:)rmarice every Sa:urday, at Three. Private Boxes nil
,talcs may be secured, without extra charge, at the aux-office,
cl raohic-hsll, Ring William-street, Charing-cross. Tickets to '.e
cad at the principal Musicsellers.

OYAL ARGYLL ROOMS.-LAIIRENT'S
NAL, C r'S'INTO, Great Windmill-street, Ilaymarket.—Great sac-
ess of the Lance 0, every- evening, with Lvirent's Grand Orchestra
of Forty of the first artistes of Lon ion. . Principal Cornet-a-niston,
iloulcourt. •Ors Opel; at halt ..set eight., commence at nine.
The Lane rs will be danced at half.pa-t ten. Adjuls4ion Ono • billing.

ROYAL SURREY GARDEN S.-.
ti M. JITI.LIEN'S CONCERTS.—Every Evening tilts Week.
commencing at 8 o'clock. Principal Vocal stB—Mad :me Gassier,
Madame Ittplersdorff, iIiSS Louisa Pinning, %.adame Flerentini,
adiane Ca ador', Miss stabbach, Mad .me Weiss, Maddle. Wester-
strAnd, Miss Arabella Goddard, and in Nions. Gassier,
Herr ReicNardt, Mr. G. Perren, +lr. Weiss, aqd Mr. Sims Reeves.
Conductors—Mr A. Mellon, Signor Bottesini, and Mons. dullien.
Admission is.

OVAL GARDENS CREMORNE.
dini4sion is —Nightly crowded wit' the elite of Fashion.
Th's Day —i he Koyal I.arionettes in the New Temple of Aladdin.
The pieces to he per ormel are he Manager's Room." an "Le
Cha'e'.' Is the theatre, the comic lialiet entitled " The Gipsey
Girl." Also, the Entertainments of the Real "able Harmonists.
Each Evening. the c bleated Continent 1 Troupe o'• Equestrians in
the Great Cirque Oriental. Dancing on the Crystal i latfolm. By
general de ire th original Lsncers will he performed every vening.
Double Eve Ascent by Madge Elibler and Signora Violante, in the
di,t of a Gorgeous Display of Fireworks. Throughout the day, Al
fresco Amusements, Concert, Trapeze, Performing Dogs, Tight
Rope, Acrobatic Feats, &e.

PRINCE ALBERT RO AA-NE W NATION AL
OALLERV.—In this delightful and desirable neighbourhood
AttE TO BE LET or SOLO several select and elegantly finished
Resliencea; their architect uratinialay-le of the-high, at order. and
the internal arrangements are everiytmng that can possibly be de-
sired; in size th.y are ,uitel for the occup,ncy of both the Noble-
man and Oentlemata and the stud? of comfort has been the chief
object of the builrler. This now most Tashi nable p trt of London
renders the locality of these buildings undeniable, being contiguous to
Kensington-gardens, with its beautiful walks, end Hyde-park, with
Its rides and d Ives added to which the talubritv of the air of Ken-
si”gton-gore is prover ial, ant considered by the faculty the most
healthful in the vicinity of the metropolis. Apply at the Office, 1,
Prince Albert-P.oad, South Kensington.

ONDON LIFE ASSOCIATION,
81, King William-street.
The Directors of this As ,ociation hereby inform the Members that
he PREntu vl.B feting due on the let July n••xt of those Members
who have been assured for seven or more entire year, will be RE-
DUCED at the rate of 80 per cent., leaving 10 per cent. or.ly to be
paid.

EDWARD DOCK =R, See.

-rm. LIVERPOOL and LONDON
FIRE and LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Established.lB36.

LIFE INSURANCE may be effected with this Company on
Oilier of two principles—a low premium and no Bonus, or a some-
what hieher premium with a uaranteed Bonus ;an -I on a great
variety of plans !idapte I to the move 'lance of individuals: The
large Annuit Blsiness of the Companychow; that the public ap-
precia e its ample security and its t'•rms.
FIRE INSCRAsICE at tte usual ra'es. The premiums in 1356
were upw .r s o £2•?0 001.

ilespeet,th'e and influential agents are required nbere appoint-
ment, have n t yet been nit 'e.

Prospec,uso', and further neormatton may be had on application
at the fliceg of the Companr, or to any agent,

A W LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
Fleet-street, 2cl J ui,e, 1857.

Notice is Hereby Given, that In conformity with the provisions
of the Dee,' of ettlem .nt a .IEN KRAL EE PI •G of Proprie-
tors will be 114 d at the Society's Ofilm, Pisa street, London,
on WenxEsnar, tha 21th day iJune instant. at 12 o'clock at noon
preclQe y, to elect six Directors and two Au 1i ors, N hen those who
go out of office ty rotation will ho proposed for ro-election ; and
also for general purmes.
By order of the Directors.
WILLIAM SAMUEL DOWNES, Actuary.

ESTABLISTIED 1837.
DRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Vict., cap. 9.

AND
BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Empowered by her Nfajesty's Royal Letters Fa+ent.
I, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Major-General ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park, CsAmur!.

Number of Policies issued, upwards of 11,000.
Annual Income from Prem ums (exc.usive of Interest "on Invest-
ment). upwards of £84,000.
Rat-es 01 Premium reduce.' to the lowest possib'e scale compatible
with security, a d computed In such variety of ways, as to seat the
circumstances and convenience of every class of Policy-holders.

(PAOTRIZTABS., 1

(MUTUAL.)

Half Whole Half Quer-
n :premium premium
c First for Re- Age. Annual Yearly telly
Seven mainder premium Pre- Pre-
mium. mium.
Years. •of Life.
-,---,-- ;—. —.I
' £ s. d. ..e 8. d.! Years. 1 Months' X s. (11 ili AC d. £ s. d.:
:0 11923 61 30 0 273,14 2 0 12 3
30 1 9 22 18 4 3 2 7 6' 1 4 40 12 4
10 2 2 6 4 5 Of 6 ' 2 7 10 1. 4 6 012 5
:0 3 6 8 613 41 9 j 2 8 2; 1 4 8, 012 6

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

TIIE HANDEL F!STJVAL, CRYSTAL

PALAWT.

The full rehearsal for this grand and unexampled

celebration, which, although entirely the workof a
society of amateurs (the Sacred Harmonic Society),
may le fairly regarded—that- society repteientitig
the musical ta.ta of England in its noblest and
purest expression—as the h..mage of a great nation
to a great man, took place in Saturday morning in
the Crystal Palace, before an assemblage of many
tnow•ands of p rsons. For th • first rime was res. el
the combined effect of the much-vaunt-A 2,500
singer. and player,, in the immense and el tborately
con.tru ted olcliestra prep rred for their reception,
and with a space for sound
ingenuity c-iu!d devise hes means of enclosing, and
which had con- eqnen ly rendered ►
questionable the
wisdom of the experiment when jodged from the
point of view of acoustic.. Hesitation, never-
theless,checked from the very out-
aT,Tid as the music
the result 1-wc tine less and less uncertain,
went on, and the area gradii-

lint.' finally all doubt was expelled, and t ie appre-
hensious pr,posterou.ly enter'ained in e-rt4in
timorous guar era with regird to the pos-oble effects
of reverberation on t;.e roof and sides of the build-

ing, paving a t geth r vanished, a ti iu mph int suc-
cess for the flai,del Festival was unanimously and
confidently predicted.
To convey any id a of the sight that unf'lded
its,-df to the spect +tor, in no mat er what part of the
edifice conti4u.u4 to the a-ea he might he situated
—whether from the orchestra and t e adjacent gal-
leries, looking down upon the multitude below, or
from the base of the centrAl transept, gaz;ng up at
the orelie.tra, wi, h its army of musicians of both
sexes, backed by the gigantic organ towering to the
roof—whether from the organ loft it,elf, or from
the remotest of the gallerii-s facing it, whence in
either ins ante the eyemight comprehend the whole
prodigious and vaiiegated picture at a &noe—
-1 would demand the graphic pen of one who has de-

milted the paraphernalia of Imperial consecration
with the same vivid eloquence as he has portrayed
the evolutions of martial h ,sus, the array, th-, inci-
dent', and sanguinary results of battle. We can
only say t',at even ;hose most f,miliar with the in-
terior of the " Palace made of windows," and under
eircutmeances of t he greatest fest,vity, can form no
noti ,n of it, but must await the experience of to-
day to acknowledge that they have never beheld the
like before. To argue from the incessant circula-
tion which took place during the rehearsal, there
was as much anxiety to obtain a series of views as
even to judge of the effect of the music. The
winding staircases that connect the galleries with
each other appeared to distant beholders as though
endowed with locomotive power—as if, indeed, they
themselves were making, with strange evolutions
th- passage from platform to platform, of whicli
theywereraerely the unconsciew. instrumfmts under
the pressure of living feet. The opportunity of per-
petua ing so imposinga spectacle was not lost, since
t
while Mr. Costa was directing the rehearsal of one
of the ehoruses[Messr3. Negretti and Zambra,
phottgraphets to the, Crystal Palace Company, pro-
cured, in almost an in,tint of time, for the stereo-
scope a very striking daguerreotype view of the
!whole orchestra and a great part of the audience,
which was subsequently forwarded to her Majesty
the Queen.
The orchestra, its aspect, and the method of its
construction have already been deslribed in general
teems : but a few bad technic el mernoranea will
not be out of pine-. This really ingenious and
novel work of a,chitec ural carpentry was nit
e•ected by c ,ntract (I;ke. its costly predece.s ,r, at
the inauguration of the Sydenham Palace in 1A54),
but planned and completed by Mr. W. Ear-e, the
company's tesid,nt eie,k of the works, assisted by
the permanent st,ff of workmen. It occupied a
space of 14,784 superficial f et, 168 feet wide, and
absorbs 10,102 cubical feet 4,f timber. The weight
of the euti'e struc.ure is about 160 tons. The banks
of seats for the chorus are 23 in number, which,
with nine for the instromental perf rmers, makes a
total of 32. The highest range is 52 feet from tl,e
floor c,f t..e orchestra, where Mr. Costa, the con-
41twor, and the ptince.al voti..lisis ate stationed.
The avera. e curved extent of each range of setts is
190 feet. The huge Mass t‘f tlar;er is supported by
"uprights,'' wi h a seantling of sin, by 51u., and
diagonal braces 4,11. by lign. The whole frame-
work is dis ributed in squares of 8 feet, "centre
and centre."
The organ,. erected for the occasion by Messrs.

Gray and Davison
.(who abb built the instrument
for the last Handel c,mmemorstion, nhieh Cork
place in 1834, at Westminster Abr.,--y) covets an
area of 42 by 26 feet, and is suppozoted by a plA-
form of enermous lenkth and solidity. Soto© d
scription of this magnificent instratnent—of which
Saturday's experience, under the haavis and feet of
Mr. Brownsuaith;organist.to the Sacred Harmonic
Society, more than apnfirmed the favourable an i-
cipations—has already been given in '1 he &en,, ac-
companied by a cat,l...gutl of its steps, &c. .Any
attempt at a technical anal v sis of its mechinical
construction, or even at an abstract appreciat one 'f
its merits, would be nut of piece in the columns of
a newspaper nut exclusively deva:d to such mat-
ters; but we may afford space fir a short extract
from a pamphlet evidently writt-n by an
,accom-
plished aninoisseur, and which enters at. gteet
length into the peculiar cl Lima ti the new instru-
ment to be regarded as one of the most admirable
works of English manufacture
"The aim of the builders has teen to produce an in-
strument the varied qualities of which should combine
all desirable musical beauty with force and grandeur of
tone-aufficient.to qualify it for the part it is specially de-.
stined te beer in this great commemoration ; and, should
the result be pronennced successful, it is presumed that
the v'-ry unusual difficulties to which the instrunaenv:is
etrhject *rill be felt to proportionately enhance the credit
due to its constructer... On an occasion when all the pre-
parations are on so vast a scale it will be naturally con,
eluded that the festival organ mu-t be, even in the ob-
vious and external sense, a very large instrument. It
this par:ioutsr it ie .highly probable that the apeetwor
wll at a first glance be disappointed. The prodigious
dimensions of the transept of the Crystal Palace, des&
ing 'to all but insignificance every tingle object it en-
closes, operates of course in greatly dimini-king the ap-
parent magnitude of the organ. Tile reads has been else-
where informed that the orchestra prepared for this occa-
sion 'alone covers considerably more space than is found
io any music ball in the kingdom f and similarly he may
be assisted to estimate the space occupied by the organ
if told that it stands on more ground that al!ott,ql to or-
nary houses. its width is 40 feet by a depth of 30. He
will perhaps be at a loss to conceive how by any possibi-
lity a musical instrument can require &l these 1,200 su-
perficial feet of stsnding room, and be tempted to set it
down as a piece of display—an attempt to impose on
him by the mere appearance of magnitude. A few simple
facts will convince him that these arrangements are con
trolled by a necessity passing all show - When he is told
that tai' °Nett contains 4,510 sounding pipes, varying in
size from 32 teat in length with a diameter sufficient tm
earsily re-trait the pa-sage of a s opt man's body, t lees than
1 inch in- length, wth the tore of an ordin-ry quill ;
that, in order te place these 4 510 pipes efßc.ently at the
performer's disposal, at least 6,800 other reparate work-
ing parts are required (many of thee() being complete
machines in themselves, the separate members of, which,
it reckoned are in the process of manufacture, would at
least- quintuple the number) ; that all these 11 310
ounding and working parts require tech a diepo-ieten
and arrangement that each one may be more or lees
easily acceetinle for those occasions of adjustment which
meet frequently. .arise in so complicated an in.trurnent ;
and, finally, that the entire mass before him eirighs
nearly 50 tons, he will scarcely feel to perceive that the
epace is economically rather than ostentateusly
_occu-
pied, and will moreover, be enabled perhaps to under-
stand eoine oithose points often deemed rnyeterioue with
regard to large organs in general—such, for example, as
their cest and the time occupied in their manufacture.
" Internally the Cry-tal Palace organ is beyond deubt
a very large inwtrurnent. Althnu:gh the number of its
pipes is for many reasons a very fallacious test, when
applied to the power and capability of such an in,tru
rnent, it may be well to state that in this regpec,, it con-
.iderahly exceeds the world.famous organ at Haarlem
the total number of pipes in the latter being 4 OH.
while, were the two placed side by side in the Ciyital
Palace orchestra, the difference iny point of power
would he still more remarkable. The performer, has at
his disposal four notnplete rows of keys, cacti having a
compass of 58 notes, and each commanding a distinct
department of the instrument. He has also a set of
pedals'—a key-board played by his feet, in fact—by
means of which he calls forth the ponderous bases ne-
cessary to support the general harmony."
Further opportunities are to be afforded of test-
ing the powers of the organ in the in-eevale of the
festival cliys, when Messrs. T. Best (of St. George's
Hall, Liverpool), G. Caper (of Sr. SePuleh!e and
St. Paul's), and H. Smart, three of the most, com-
petent organists in this country, will respeciive!y
perform upon it, fuethe edification and instruction

of visitors.
But to return to the rehearsal. The mere pre-
liminary of getting 2,500 vocal and instrumental
performn.s in their places without confusion would,
.it was very natural'y imagined, involve a labour of
no ordinary difficulty ; but so efficient were the pre-
cautions adopted, and so easy the means of ingress
and egres,that the feat was accomplished without a
single misunderstanding. At 11 o'clodr, the hour
appointed for beginning, every singer and every
player was stationed in the spot assigned, while
every instrument and every music book was at the
immediate disposal of the owners. This shows how
much, with how little pains and in how short a
lime, can be effected by. simple regu!ati ns and
strict discipline. The regulations were due to the
committee of the Sacred Harmonic Society, under
the luperintendence of their untiring agent, Mr.
13,,w1ey ; the discipline proceeded from the mo-
ral control of Mr. Costa, to the exercise of which he
owes no of the iafluence both social and pro-
fessional that his invariably attached to his posi-
ti,in. The generalissimo, whose duty was to mar-
shal and review the harmonious host assembled at
the mighty name of Handel, was, as usual, to the
minute at his post. The cheers and acclaina ions
hat greeted him, not only from the crowds that
peopled the area and galleries, but from his own
forces, anxiously awaiting the first gyralions of his
familiar wand, testified to the popular deference he
has won through his verseverance, and the convic
tion that he was born to sway, not to serve For a
moment Handel himself, the Crystal Palace, and
all that it contained were forgot en in Mr. Costa ;
but when—after the overture to the " Me-siali" ha 1
been performed (in which the amazing force of
stringed instruments almost bewild-tred the hearer
favourably enough situated to catch the entire vo-
lume of sound)—the first strais of that majestic
chorus, And the glory of the Lord," were led off
by the altos, answered by thetrebles, and the whole
measure of h trmony filled simul:aueotisly up by
tenors and bases, Handel resumed his sceptre, and
from that instant remained undisputed monarch of

the day.
Several choruses from the first and second parts
of the "Messiah" were gone though, and, among
others, "For unto us a child is born," "He is the
King of the Glory," and " The Lord gave the word,
great was the company of the preachers"—all of which
(and they are very different in clisracter) produced
a marked sensation. But from the suhli
"Hallelujah" most was expected, and the greatest
results were obtained. The weight and sonority of
the numberless bass voices, in unison, on the p •s-
-sage " He shall reign fur ever and ever," which
forms one of the counter-thews of this traiiscend.
ant hymn, were marvellous ; and when—at the end
of the progression (so wondrous from its combined
simplicity and grandeur), in which the trebly s hold
out a sucee,sion of long-sus wiled notes, troll Dup
to entire force of voices and in-truments
united in giving emphasis to the chord which le ids
to the resumpt;on of the original key, the effect
was nothing short of s upendous. .It is worthy Of
remark that " great as was the company of,"
singers and players,
_their efficiency was not only
preserved in passages where they are employed on
plain harmony, but just as much where the work-
ing of two themes in conjunction renders the acqui•
it io a of clearness anti precision a task of much
more difficulty. There was. not the sl;ghtest evi-
dence of hesitation from beginning to end. We
have one observation to make, . however, in a more
critical spirit. It may be absolutely necessary,
under the conditions of such a performance in
such a place,' and with such a host, to -take the
" Hallelujah" and other choruses slower than the
composer meant, but it is assuredly not necessary
to depart from his intentions without some bene-
ficial result to sanction the liberty: Now, no
such result, but the contrary,, is derived from the
" pictnissinto," upon which Mr. Costa insists, at the
commencement of the chorus "For unto us a child
is born," and as far on as to the passage on the
words " wonderfol—counsellor—he mighty God
—the everlasting Faihi r—the Prince of Peace."
There is no warrant for such a reading. The pro-
clamation of the birth of a Saviour is not made in
a whisper, as if it ware a secret perilous to disclose,
but'm accents of exultation, conveying the jcy and
gratitude of the n itions at their delivery. An ab-
stract musical effect may, perha; s, be attained by
the sudden buret upon tLe word' "wonderful,"
after a long continuance of underhreath singinc?,
but it is an effect wholly independent of the words.
Hand,l has given appropriate significance to the
exclamation by putting the voices in full har-
mony and reinforcing them with the whole
s rength of the of chestra. But we proteNt here
against this reading chiefly because it fails, under
phi ac nal circemstanct s, to achieve the pout con-
templated. Wh rs we were placed during the per-
forance of "For us a child is borii,"
m almost
, the whole of that part which precedes the exelama-
" Woinit-rfut !" was lost. We c old not ',Far
the trebles give out the theme, nor this tenors answer
them, nor the altos respond to the tenors, nor the
basses join the altos with their florid divisions. Nor