The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-10 00:00:00

THE lONIAN ISLANDS.

According to the Nord, the following is the text
of the address sent by the lonian Parliament to the
Queen of England :
" Madam,—The lonian people, which has always
preserved the consciousness of its nationality, and
which desires its union to free Greece, presents
itself to-day respecfully before your Majesty's
throne, to place at your feet the official expression
of that ardent sentiment.

"In the midst of the sufferings which the Hel-
lenic race has had to endure, the lonian people has
lost nothing of its civilisation, and has conserved
intact its nationality and its independent.
" The treaty of the 15th of November, 1815, con-
cluded at Paris, without the lonian people taking
any part therein, and in virtue of which the lonians
have been placed under British protection, had only
in view the preservation of a small State, which the
same treaty acknowledges to form a State of its
own, free and independent.
" These terms define the object of the duties de-
volving by the treaty on the protecting Power, as
they also indicate the political relationship which
ought to result between Great Britain and the pro-
tected people. But, on the creation of a kingdom
of Greece, the reason which had dictated that rela-
tionship having vanished, the lonians spontaneously
conceived the ardent desire of their political reunion
to the free portion of the nation of which they form
an indissoluble part by identity of origin, religion,
language, traditions, and by their numerous sacri-
fices in the same struggle.
" The sentiments which the ninth lonian Parlia-
ment was forbidden authentically to proclaim, and
the wish expressed by the eleventh Parliament at
its sitting of the 20th of June, 1857, were only the
consequence of that irresistible aspiration ; the
Lord High Commissioner Extraordinary, whom
your Majesty has deigned to send lately to the
Seven Islands, has had a striking proof of the fer-
vour of those aspirations, and of the unanimous
desire of the lonian people.
" Strong with these motives, the representatives
of the lonian people, in the Parliamentary sitting
of the 27th of January, 1859, voted as one man
That the sole and unanimous wish of the lonian
people was and is union of the Seven Islands to the
kingdom of Greece.'
" In submitting these considerations the lonian
Assembly entreats your Majesty to communicate
the present declaration to the other great European
Powers, and to co-operate with them for this just
and sacred wish of the lonians.
" The representatives of the Seven Islands hope
that Divine Providence, which once armed England
in favour of the Hellenic nation, will again inspire
your Majesty, so that, by your powerful assistance,
the lonian people may obtain the restoration of its
nationality ; the bonds of invariable sympathy
which will then arise from deep gratitude will for
ever bind the hearts of the Hellenic nation to the
throne of your Majesty."

THE CASE OF THE REV. THOMAS PUGH.—Yester-
day, at the meeting of the representative vestry of St. Pan-
cras, for the purpose, amongst other matters, of considering
the appointment of a chaplain to the workhouse in the room
of the Rev. Thomas Pugh, who was dismissed from his
office on account of his refusal to give up the address of the
absconded medical officer, Maskett—Mr. Churchwarden
Attenborough in the chair, a communication was read
from the Poor-law Board, stating that by an order issued in
1846, still in force, the dismissal of an officer could not be
carried out without their sanction. The Rev. E. Eckett
disputed the right of the Poor-law Board to interfere, and
said as the question of their power had never been tried it
was the duty of the vestry to contest the point. He moved
that the communication bo referred to a committee, with
power to take legal advice in the matter. Mr. Collins se-
conded the motion. Mr. Churchwarden. Cameron said the
19th section of their local act was so clear that the vestry
had power to remove all officers at their will and pleasure,
that he could not conceive the Poor-law Board had the
slightest ground for their interference. Mr. Nodes moved
that the communication from the Poor-law Board be ac-
knowledged, and that it lie on the table. Mr. Ross
seconded the amendment, which was carried.
THE ROYAL ACADEMY AND TIIE FRENCH EXHIBI-
TION or ART.—The following letter has been addressed by
Mr. John P. Knight, secretary of the Royal Academy, to
M. Theophile Silvestre, appointed by his Excellency the
Minister of State and of the Household of the Emperor of
the French, to inspect the museums and other institutions
of the Fine Arts in Europe :—" Royal Academy of Arts,
Trafalgar-square, London, Jan. 31, 1859.—Sir,—I laid
your two letters, the last dated the 24th inst., before the
pies' • *dent and council of the Royal Academy of Arts, at
their meeting on Saturday last, and am directed to convoy
'to you the assurance of their high appreciation of the ex-
pression of his Excellency the French Minister of State, in
apps obation of the English school of art, and also of the
offer on his part to devote a room for the reception of Eng-
lish works of art for exhibition at the Palais de l'lndustrie
in April next. I have also received instructions to make
known this gratifying and generous offer to the president
of the different art societies in Great Britain. The president
and council feel that this expression of sympathy for British
art, on the part of the French government, deserves and de-
mands an earnest response from British artists, as founding
a noble emulation and mutual good-will between the artists
of the two countries.—l have the honour to be, sir, your
obedient servant, JOHN P. KNIGHT, R.A Sec. M. eo
Th -
phille Silvestro."
PUBLIC INCOME AND EXPENDITURE.—In the
year ending the 31st December, 1858, the public income of
the United Kingdom amounted to £66,286,995, and the
public expenditure to £65,159,388, leaving a balance of in-
come amounting to £1,127,657. The balances in the Ex-
chequer at the end of the year were £7,755,455. The fol-
lowing are the items of the income of 1858 :—Customs,
£24,091,999; Excise, £17,966,000; stamps, £7,996,342;
taxes (land and assessed), £3,158,034 ; income-tax (inaccu-
rately styled " property-tax"), £7,591,187 ; Post-office,
£3,075,000; and Crown lands, £277,440. The items of
expenditure are :—lnterest and management of the public
debt, £28,501,479 ; the charges on the Consolidated Fund,
£1,82,576 ; and the supply services, £34,575,282. The
Army (in this last item) figures for £12,588,736 (including
Commissariat, Ordnance, and Militia charges) ; the Navy
(including packet service, transports, &c.), for £9,637,103;
Miscellaneous Civil Services, for £7,253,059; the salaries
of Revenue Departments, for £4,474,440 ; the China Naval
and Military operations, for £391,943 ; and the war expenses
(Russia), for £230,000. The Civil List costs the country
£406,871; annuities and pensions, £339,405; salaries, &c.,
£158,060; diplomatic salaries, &C., £162,638; and courts of
justice, &c., £598,885.
A MAGISTRATE UNDER FIRE.—J, Foord, Esq.,
J.P., found himself in a most disagreeable and somewhat
perilous position the other day, in crossing the ground at
Tom All-Alone's, Chatham, used for musketry practice.
The officer in command stopped the firing at first, but it re-
commenced before Mr. Foord had got out of its range, and
the worthy magistrate was compelled to seek safety
by lying
flat on the ground until the practice was over. He was not
released from his danger until he had spent more than half
an• hour in listening to the bullets whizzing over his head.
--Nizidstenc Ivornal,

NB. COBDEN ON PARLIAMENTARY'

REFORM.

•
Mr. Cobden in sending to the Ballot SocietY
annual subscription to their funds, accompanied 1:
with the following letter to Mr. E. C. Whitehurs"
the vice-chairman of the society :
" Midhurst, Feb- l' he
"My dear sir,—l enclose my subscription to
.t_t
Ballot Society. Don't for a moment suppose tAn.as,
Mr. Bright would wish you to give up your ,ufir,
tinct organisation. I'll venture to say when 're
Berkeley brings forward his motion he ha /
no better advocate at his back than Mr. Bright. ,e,
cannot be present at your ballot dinner, simply be'
cause I have laid down a rule, which for a sea
will prevent me from attending any public don°o,
stration. Had it not been for that resoluti°ll,'
which I had formed before Mr. Bright took eharl3
e
of his Reform Bill, I should have been at his a'
long ago ; for the programme he has put forth
almost identically the same as that which I
..e'Le
dorsed in 1848, and which I supported in the ho-a
when it was brought forward by our revered flit.
Mr. Hume. Watching from my retirement 3,
Bright's progress, I am struck with the similar'
of the ordeal he has gone through to that Whic,',
underwent in the earliest stage of the League
tation ;—the samirmisrepresentation of motives and
misstatement of his arguments, the same affea,,:
horror of his designs on monarch, church, arilli;o
racy, and property which he now undergoes, I a
went through; and if he should persevere 0,,r
few years until his plan in its main features
comes law, as it assuredly will do, then he will ea'
perience, as I did, the pleasanter side of the order
Then when everybody discovers that instead of.oo,
the evils predicted, nothing but increased seeurlrie..
contentment, and prosperity springs from his w
forms, he will find nine-tenths of those who 11°0
profess the greatest dread of him the most eager
shake hands with him on the success of his raea.
sures. Nay, they will claim to have been sit/
with him on principle, only regretting that TA,st
did not better understand each other at the out
of
This is the chequered fate of all the pioneer
political progress, and our friend has had too Ilea
experience in such matters to be either disappoiill,
or discouraged at what is now happening. 1'
true that I am about to carry out the i
have some time entertained of
visit to the United States. I hoi
report to you that I have Mr,itnessed .` open:
,s4l°
of the ballot in that country.—Believe me "
truly yours, " R. CoBDO•
"E. C. itehurst, Esq."

THE SIKH ELEMENT IN THE INDIO

ARMY.

A letter from " Camp near Lahore," of Nov.
,ste
says :—lt is now a month or so since I last svr,ulio
to you. Since then the public anxiety about the
Punjab has apparently increased both at home Lt
in India. Out here it is commonly thought wro,
the Punjabee army is too strong for the Goer
ment, and that our next struggle will be with thele
and, in truth, although we are right as yet, t.11:130
is trouble looming in the distance—even if 1'
distant. You will remember about that consintaiti
in two Punjabee corps at Dera Ismail Khali
August last. It was necessary in consequeneeuere
send a European column to that quarter, vi:e
European troops had never been before. The ',co
when the column arrived at Dera Ismail Khan ,
critical. If the Punjabee troops had, most of 'the 1
to
a clear conscience, then they would not be soritij,
see the Europeans arrive ; the well-disposed
ea
jority would feel confidence, the evil-dis Peso, w
minority would be overawed. If, on the other ha
they were, most of them, conscious of having 01
tended mutiny or brewed mischief, then they Nvetio;
regard the arrival of the Europeans as omin°„a
they would believe that the Government had ibLio
them out, and was about to punish them. Su,cot
feeling might bring on an outbreak, and in
case the European column, though the larges'wel
could spare, was not large enough to overP°.r,
the Punjabees on the Dera Ismail Khan frontilt eea
The column, however, crossed the Indus and hiu,t
at Dora Ismail Khan, without any exciteracs'i
among the Punjabees being produced. We Teo,
therefore hope- that the conspiracy was not 0%,
sive, and that for the most part it was limiteud
the comparatively small number against whom Pro
is obtainable.
e 1
We received not unfrequent warnings from 1:.,00,
informed and well-disposed natives that the roe
jabee troops are very. numerous, and that ,10,
national pride of the Sikh race is rising fast.
felted with the plunder and spoils of Hindos,4
the Sikhs are contented as yet. But they tZil $
less of us and more of themselves than they cu to
short time ago. The men on service continue foi
write to their homes in the Punjab most satle,oo
tory letters, breathing a good spirit. But t°;o,
who return home from leave are said to be °,70/
glorious of their own deeds, and declare that
have reconquered India for the English.
Now I see that in some parts of India, and Ps if
titularly in Bombay, people write and talk as
this Punjabee army had been gratuitously crest
—as if Sir John Lawrence, while saving the Sste
, to
from one danger, unnecessarily exposed
another. It may therefore be as well that 4rst
plain one or two parts of this subject. In the
place, Sir John Lawrence was obliged to 17,4
these troops. The emergency
was extraordin
in 1857. It might be objectionable to ere a;
a fresh army when one had just mUtinLe
7,10
ot
but we must have either done that 0
perished. There was no other alternative
~„0
option whatever. At that time our few Europe'o
were wasting away ; native troops must be hsk,(,
auxiliaries, or else the British would be swept 0:let
Now that things are somewhat altered people ferlo.
how terrible the emergency then was, and hoW4O
evitable was the necessity of raising a FOP'
army.
Then look at the vastness of the work to be n°
There was Delhi to be retaken, the Punjab to a;
held, 800 miles of turbulent frontier to be guards
there were the Affgban tribes to be kept at nvie..
length ; then there were 15,000 Pandies to be
stroyed, coerced, or driven out, and 20,000 more
be watched, guarded, or disarmed. For all I;03
terrible work at home—i.e., the Punjab—tlaa
were a few thousand Euroyeans. What else 040
bo done except enlist Punjabees ? Then look at.'o,
work there has been abroad—i.e. out of the Pun.] 0,
Our Punjabees have been employed in the contra,
occupation, or pacification of Oude, Behar, BO'
cund, Bundelcund, Hindostan, and Gwalior.
How was all this immense work to be done' 1,0
cept with a large Punjabee army ? Where else Into
troops to come from ? Not from Bombay, forer,
army could not be trusted. (Scinde, hovelej
furnished two battalions.) Not from the disturPe
districts of Hindostan, Oude, Behar, &c., ford,
people have been too much demoralised by the g,
turbances' and have only furnished a few battali°llA
Not from Bengal, for the people are effeminate•iio
fact, whenever troops are wanted every one
the
looked to the Punjabees as the trustworthy'', ea
martial people ; and when they have been ralso
and have pulled us through the scrape, every
now decries and mistrusts them !
Notwithstanding the kind of cry that gets uP, of
are always getting requisitions from other parts it
the Presidency for more Punjabees, despite
/0
John's oft repeated remonstrance that we ha et
already got too many. At last, at Sir John's earn'o,
request, the Governor-General has notified in ge 0 ,1/
ral orders that no more men are to be enlisted
the Punjab. But, despite the risk and hazard,.
is evident that at present we must retain this Pt;
jabee army. On the one hand, we must never 'es"
native troops have a preponderance; on the oth,o
hand, we cannot hold the country without a certtf
proportion of them ; and so long as we are pre'P
strong, we can always keep a party in the country,,.'
who will fight faithfully on our side.
In the meantime, as we must have them, we ra!,lo
comfort ourselves with the reflection that they bas
done nobly for us as yet—almost as well as if t„11t,
'—
had been our own countrymen. Wherever Engl.'?
troops have been, they have been also. In our se':
vice they have marched all over the Presidency;
they have endured every kind of fatigue and hard
ship ; in devotion they have almost rivalled °„f
:'t
white men. They have been victorious over °`,,"*4
enemies of various kinds, and in various sorts
1%
warfare. They have bled and died by thousan''
in our cause. Many regiments covered with deear°'
tions have lost half their numbers during this ~ We have employed 85,000 or 90,000 of them; aild
out of all these only a few rascals in two corps, eft
a remote frontier, have given cause of trouble.
would not be well, therefore, that their indignati°-
should be moved by our ingratitude and deereciati°o
of their merits.
The great thing, no doubt, is to keep theil
numbers down to the very lowest figurecompatib`o
with the efficiency of the public service. None ea„,- 0
be more alive to this than Sir John Lawrence. 1`
is constantly looking over returns of their numbers
—clipping here, paring there, reducing everywhernei
Within the last two or three months the number -a
Punjabee troops in the Punjab has been lessellneo
by several thousands. We have now about 36,1f)t0
Punjabee troops in the Punjab, from Delhi
the Trans-Indus frontier. Before the mutinies, "0
used to have within this area 41,000 Hindostanwe'e
and 24,000 Punjabees—in all 65,000 men.
have now 36,000 Punjabees, or little more
half, in the place of 65,000. (It is true that
rut
have several thousands of Hindostanees
they have to be guarded, and are really nl,ll-%.-.11
were removed, no m-
quantities. If they
0°
Punjabees would be employed in their place.) „v.
you see how immensely we have economised -
respect of native troops in the Punjab.