The Sun.
London, England, 1857-08-05 00:00:00

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- S PAF E R
TELEGRAPHIC COMMITNICATIO
INDIA. :7•
- 4-1
, -**-' •
The first eympteins of Indian mutiny iii-'B, seAted
were telegraphed to all the headquarters
dos'an, and Lord Canning was at once enabletao a S
take decisive steps and make his policy in such an
emergency known to those through whom his orders
, were to be ca.rriel out. One Resident issues a pro-
• clamation, offering pat don on certain conditions ;
he is instructed by telegraph to withdraw it. Ano-
ther Resident takes ene-getic measures to quell tho
spirit of insubordination ; the Governor-Gt:neral
approves of his conduct.
It is said that " the Telegraph has saved India."
Wrthoet underrating its importanceat the first
outbreak, we may fairly ask how it assists in tl
" maintenance of India ?" In that respect it bas
signally failed, and failed-for the very reason which
those who disbelieve in the permanence of an over-
land telegraph to India have urged over and over
again—the insecurity of such a communication when
it becomes politically_ import ant.
The last mail steamer left Bombay on the let of
July. The last news from Delhi is dated the 17th
June ; and even that is doubted, the reason given •
being that telegraphic communication is inter-
rupted, the mutiner re having cut the wires.
If a telegraph is important in the peaceful admi-
nistration of a country to keep routine in its eves
tenor, its non-existence during a calamity which
risks the loss of an empire must be doubly serious,
and reflective minds unbiassed by technical hobbies,
seeing the evil, will try and apply a remedy.
Telegraphic communication within India is not
more important, nor so important, as between Eng-
land and India ; and the chinces of interruptien
are certainly greater on `territory net immediately
within our own control.
It is to betresumed that every effort will now be
made to secure a telegraph between India and
Europe as rapidly as possible, and with the Lest
guarantees of efficiency, particularly during any
ecisie when its services are more than usually called •
for. Two projects are before the public ; one down
the Valley of the Euphrates—overland.; the other
down-the-Red-Sea—submarine. The Government,
or more properly the Treasury, support the former
—and upon what grounds ? Can it be sooner
made ? Will it be more efficient and permanent
Will it cost lees ? We fearlessly answer all three
conditions with a decided negative. The Red Sea
line can be completed within twelve months ; and
we add with regret it would have been in operation
six months ago had not the Treasury, fur some un-
accountable reason, and when no other project was
before them, refused to entertain the question in
the same spirit which the East India Company did.
The Euphrates line has as yet no concession from
the Porte ; nor is it likely to obtain one, be?ause
the Ports cannot engage to protect the wiles •
against nomadic Arab tribes who own no all giance
to it, and will not allOw aliens Ist es-ablish.a pre-
sting force which may prove disaetious to the
rule they claim over this country, but which they
cannot enforce.
The Euphrates line is for 1,000 miles exposed to
wanton or accidental injury, and is certain to be in-
terrupted upon the least feud between one tribe and
another. The Red Sea line is submarine, and
touches only at places where a military garrison is
already established, and English or Ottoman rule
acknowledged and in full force.
The cost of the two routes as to establishment is
about the same ; the cost of maintenance greatly in
favour of the submarine line.
The Red Sea Te'egraph Company were die-
coin aged by the Treasury two years since ; they are
now ag tin urging the question on Government,
and they offer to complete a telegraphic communi-
cation with Suez from Constantinople this autumn,
and with Bombay from Suez by next autumn, go-
vernment support being contingent upon success.
This is no bubble project got up under the pres-
sure of the late news from India. All the neces-
sary Firmans are in the hands of the compaey,
these Firmans have been obtained through the sup-
port of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe ; the Direcion
is formed of influential monied men, who are pre-
pared to carry out the engagements they enter in-
to ; and a Contractor is ready to make the cables
and take the risk of laying them. if the cold
breath of Treasury prejudice—or worse—had not
blighted this undertaking two years since, a Tele-
graph t ) India would have been a reality, and its
absence would not now have lean in every one's
mouth as a matter of regret. Are the same infitt-
enes to delay so vital a link by which to retain
India • or have we at the head of our government a
man who has courage to upset intrigues meant to
g •in selfish ends at the sacrifice of public interests?
What we wan* is a Telegraph to India which shall
be efficient, and we want that quickly. The Eu-
plirates line cannot satisfy these conditions, and to
prove it we refer to the best authority upon that
country, and one whose hobby it has been for 20
years to see /vleiopotamia utilised as a transit
route to India.
General Chesney, in a lecture in the. Euphrates
route to India, delivered at the United Service In-
stitution on the 31st ult., stated that he had refused
to connect biirself with the Euphrates Telegraph,
because he did not b Hove that isolated wires would
be secure ; that his hopes for the sectinty of the
railway rested upon its being gradually brought
into operation, and its advantage being experimen-
tally demonstrated to the Arabs--considerations
which did not apply to the Telegraph. He added
that if the Telegraph were matte, it must be by
establishing a permanent functionary of high rank
in Mesopotimia, by careful arrangements .with the
Arab tribes, who would, nevertheless, be likely
constantly to increase their demands ; and that it
would, in any case, be a work of time, whilst the
Red Sea line could be immediately established ;
and that ho did not attach any weight to the ob-
jections made to it. He concluded by stating that
he himself wished to see both lines made.—Daily
News. .

_./7

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED 5D .]

the correctness of his remarks. The effects of the
constant supply of the best watei_that can be pro-
cured have yet to be registered.
In the South6,rn and the Eastern divisions the
deaths were fewer than in the spring of 1855, and
generally fewer thin they were in the spring of
1856. some partial epidemics of scarlatina, mea-
sles, whooping-cough, typhus, and smallpx, how-
ever, are mentioned by the registrars of these
divisions. Two persons were killed by lightning

while takin7 shelter under a tree in
Hungerford * At Chalfont, sA.mersham, one death
or:curreJ in digging for ehllk, this making the
fifth death from that calm within two years,
"owing to the careless mode of performing the
work."

In the West Midcand division, Yorkshire and
the northern cowries, the number of deaths in
the spring of 1857 exceed the number of deaths in
elle.spring of 1855. In the north midland division,
in Cheshire and in Lancashire, the diminution in
the number of deaths was not considerable. Among
the districts in which the deaths were in excess of
the deaths in the previous quarters may be enu-
merated Cheltenham, Ludlow, Brideenorth, Leek,
Burton-upon-Trent, Lichfield, Wolverhampton
(1,000 deaths occurred here), Walsall, Westbrom-
wich, Dudley. All the South Staffordshire districts
are in an unsatisfactory sanitary state. The pottery
districts of North Staffordshire have been recently
supp‘ied with good water; and their mortality, has
fallen considerably. King's Norton, Coventry,
Hayfield, Chester (Great Brought m), Hull, New-
, astle-upon-Tyne, have also lost more lives than in
the pr vious spring quertmrs.
Many districts of the country still suffer from
marsh mal ilia. In Maldon, the Registrar says,
" Agne is very prevalent in Tollesbury, Galdhan-
eer, Tollestnint-d'Arey and its neighbourhood."
The lower levels of t'se basin of the Tham-s as high
up the stream as Oxford, and as low as Hoo and
Sheppey, suffer from malarious diseases in spring
and autnnsn. The mortality on the high grounds
at the sources of the Thames is at the average rate
of 17 and 18 annual deaths inl,oooliving ; in the le,w
floe le i districts on its banks the m vitality rises to
20, 21, 22, 23 in 1000 ; in Orsett, Essex, the mor-
tality is at the rate of 24 in 1,000 ; in Hoe, the
Isle of Grain, 24 ; and in Sheppey, containing
S'-eerness, 24 in 1,000.
Thus in the marshy districts the mortality is
raised from 17, the natural state, to 24 in 1,000,
in consequence of the noxious emanations
from a rich, ill-drained soil.
Sheppey may be taken as a type of these dis-
tricts. The inhabitants have that pallid, blue
aspect which characterises aguish districts ; they
frequi,ntly suffer from ague, and sometimes from
typhoid fever. A considerable number of men in
the Sheerness Dockyard, and in the strips on the
station, have been struck down and disabled by
fevers during the present year. Sheppey has its
high lands, but a large quantly of it is marsh,
drained imperfectly by ditches containing stag-
nant water and putrid vegetable and animal
matter: The owners of this praperty are
absentees, and the tenants mostly commit
their farms to the care of a bailiff. No effort
is made at improvement by the small °coup**,
although experience has shlwn that the investment
of money in the deep effectual drainage of the
marsh is remunerative in a high degree. His Ex-
cellency Lord Harris has published a highly inte-
resting statistical document showing the outlay and
.receipts in detail on the Rayharn farm, of 439
acres, in Sheppey, driving the seven years ending
Michaelmas, 1856. 2,2001. has been obtained from
the Government Drainage Fund and expended on
the land during the last four years. After allowing
a liberal interest for all the money invested, the
profit, which was set down at 141/. in the first
year, rose progressively to 6931. ; and upon taking
the value from the inventory at the beginninr, and
end of last year, in connexion with the surplus of
the receipts over outgoings, 972/. remains as a
balance towards the rent of a farm in 1856, for
which a tenant could not be obtained at Michael-
mas, 1849, who would pay a higher rent than 1001.
The whole of this remarkable document± deserves
to bo closely serutin;zed and studied by all the
owners of the marsh land which now prejudices the
health of the inhabitants and deters people from
building in its neighbourhood. Sheerness should
be immediately drained and supplied with pure
water. _

As a Government fund aff anis very proper facili-
ties for the loan of money, drainage should be made
compulsory on the owners of the land is districts
which are so fatal to the inhab:tants as Orsett,
Hoo, and Sheppey ; more particularly when the
naval force of the country seriously impaired by
this standing insalubrity. It is evident that a large
portion of our naval reserve may be paralyzed by
ague and fever at the very time that it may be called
upon to fight. A. force which lives in au aguish
atmosphere is necessarily enervated, and loses some
of its courage. It cannot be always ready to meet
the enemies of England at the gates of the Thames
and the Medway.

* The sub-district and district are designated by the
two names in this and similar cases.
1 Published at Sittingb mrne, Kent.

The Bank of ~rnsterdarn yesterday raised their rate
of discount to 4i per cent. It had stood at 4 per cent
since the end of March.

CALCUTTA ITEMS, June 22.—The name of the officer
who died from apoplexy—i e, sunstroke—on the march
to Barrackpore to disarm the Sepoys was Capt Clutter-
buck. It is reported in Calcutta that if the Queen of
Oude has left England she is to be stopped and arrested
at Galie. Another report was current that the King of
Delhi bad taken poison, because be could not agree with
the mutineers ; but in all probability he had been assas-
sinated. Another report declares that he has been banged
by the mutineers.
THE BRITISH STEAM MARINE.—The attention of
shipowners and merchants in the northern Atlantio
cities is now earnestly if not anxiously directed towards
England, where stupendous efforts are making for an
immense increase in its steam marine. The following
article frem the New York Journal of Commerce eon'
tains many important and sugge-tive facts : —" One of
our contemporaries says that at this moment there is no
less than 300 steam propellers, ranging from 1,000 to
1,500 tone, building on the Clyde and in the ports of
Great Britain. The steam-engine builders were never
more busy than at the present time, and we learn that
Napier, Use celebrated steam•engine builder, has more
work engaged than can be executed by him for three
to come. This statement corresponds with a remark
which we heard a few years ago from an engineer on
the Clyde who recently arrived in this country. The iron
works of England and Scotland were fully occupied in
constructing steam propellers for foreign and domestic
service, and Napier was taking contracts three years in
advance. Side-wheel steamers were spoken of as likely
to be wholly superseded, no vessels of that description
being constructed. Meanwhile our ship-yards are de-
serted, and scarcely a single steamship of any size is
building in the United States. England, without doubt,
is playing a high game and is determined to win. It hes
already been shown that two-fifths of the gross value of
importations from England and France into the. port.
of
New York is by ocean steamers,. most foreign , and
more recently Mr. Kennedy, superintendent of the emi-
grant depot at Castle-garden, shoretd
etihxatof 86,080 p
that of 5
months 7 steamers
only
two
w, e
were
months 18 pas•
sengers arriving here during thteh
States' flag against 35 under the bring-
ingßri-
wer were
absrEoeungghetrsodn
usrtienagmtehres,laaentdlB
under the Unitedanothertsf.osriganfuolfl
cargo
—the
ti,tfiirsssttiantsetdantcheaituth3eo
packet ship Columbia has been detained
thet i s b .
LiverpoolA
gs e
nie
since the Ist inst. on acconntof her inability to complete
yheearresntiat any ship of the line to which she belongs has
had to lay over Tor so long a time after her regular day
of sailing. —Washington Union.

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ov.
tos6eniat
WALTER KEATING, 2, Meriting-place, Five Oaks, Jersey."
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N
hMimr. Daanmoptiheerrwicllantihsatenrk Mofesstrsh.einr
ila
Du Bar
Arabica, C
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