The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-05 00:00:00

THE SErN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, 1861.

While raising its discount last time the Bank of
France has likewise reduced the rate of loans on securities.
Instead of giving 80 per cent, on Government securities, it
will give henceforth only 60, and on other securities 40 in-
stead of 60. Applying this scale on the loans which figured
in the last balance sheet, that is 30,000,000 of Government
securities and 57,000,000 of others, it will reduce the pay-
ments by 26,000,000 to 27,000,000.
THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.—The Emigration
Commissioners will despatch the Jesse Munn for Queens-
land with emigrants on the 21st of the present mouth, being
the last ship they are likely to send out to any of the
Australian colonies for some time to come, having no further
funds in hand ; consequently a further reduction of the
extra clerks is anticipated at the end of the year.—Civil
Service Gazette.
GOLD IN THE RED RIVER SETTLEMENT.—The
report concerning the finding of gold on the Seskatchewan
River is confirmed by the arrival at St. Cloud, Minnesota,
of the express from the Selkirk settlement, Hudson's Bay
territory. A small party had arrived at Fort Garry with
1,00 dols. in gold dust, which they dug on the Saskatche-
wan about one thousand miles from the confluence with
Lake Winnepeg.—Canadian News, Oct. 3.
GOLD IN NORTH WALES.—We learn that the
Clogan Mines, near Dolgelly, in Merionethshire, gave for
the fortnight ending last Friday nearly 13i1b. weight of
gold, or exactly as much as weighed down 630 sovereigns
at the Bank scale. This makes 1501 b. weight received since
Christmas last, and is far in excess of the probable yield
anticipated in the paper read on the subject at the meeting
of the British Association.
A correspondent of the Builder calls attention to
a piece of clerical Vandalism recently perpetrated at Kings-
ton-on-Thames. The vicar of the church of St. Andrew
has had the ancient rood-screen removed, "under the
wanton pretext that it obstructed the view of the chancel
and the lantern, which said lantern he has disfigured by
painting the mortar-lines black, which gives it a most
ridiculous appearance."
THE ARMY.—The right wing of the first battalion
of Grenadier Guards, commanded by Colonel Percy, arrived
at King's-cross station about 6 p.m. yesterday from Liver-
pool, en route from Ireland, and marched, headed by the
band, from the station to the Tower. The left wing was
left at Stafford by the right en route.
The liquidators of the Western Bank of London
announce, through Mr. F. Maynard, the accountant, that
they have succeeded in selling, on advantageous terms, two
of the three houses at Kensington belonging to the com-
pany, and which constitute nearly the whole of the remain-
ing assets. They will thus be enabled to make a further
distribution on the 14th inst. of £3, making a total pay-
ment of £4l on each £5O share.
DEATH OF MRS. CLARKE.—We regret to have
to announce the death of this venerable lady, the mother of
Mr. E. R. Clarke, so well-known in racing circles, and
which took place on the 21st ult., at Headingley, near
Leeds. Mrs. Clarke was in her eighty- third year, and was
much respected in the neighbourhood for her kindness of
heart. Mr. E. R. Clarke was telegraphed from Doncaster
on Friday night week, and arrived before his parent's
decease.--Era.
FATAL ACCIDENT AT HASTINGS.—On Tuesday
last an inquest was held at Hastings on the body of a lady
named Mallet, the widow of the late Mr. John Mallet, of
Stoke Newington. She was walking with some friends on
the Carlisle-parade, where she was staying, when, stepping
back without precaution, she fell from the parade on to the
beach below, and suffered so severely from the shock,
though no bones were broken, that she died in four hours.
A suggestion to the jury to recommend that a fencing be
placed was not acceded to, on the ground that it would de-
stroy the beauty of the walk by the beach, and a verdict of
accidental death simply was returned.
THE HOLBORN MURDER.—Steps are being taken
with a view to procure the remission of the penalty of death
in the case of Wm. Cogan, now under sentence in New-
gate, for the murder of his wife in Newton-street, Holborn.
A petition to the Home Secretary has been signed by the
prisoner's aged father, and a considerable number of respect-
able householders. It represents that the evidence for the
prosecution was not reclusive, as Dr. Paine stated that
the wound of which the deceased died might have been
self-inflicted. The petitioners further urge that it was
clearly shown from the evidence that deceased had struck
him only a very short time previous, that they had both
been drinking, and that Cogan was in a state of almost un-
consciousness from the effects of what he had taken, that he
had been always an affectionate husband to the deceased,
and that his general character was that of a quiet, inoffen-
sive man. The petition will be presented by Mr. Lewis
this afternoon, and it will be accompanied by one from the
convict himself, in which he states that he is wholly igno-
rant of everything that took place on the night in question
except that he received the wound in his throat ; that the
deceased repeatedly threatened, and on two occasions actu-
ally attempted his life. The wound in the prisoner's throat
is not yet completely healed.
GROSS OUTRAGE ON A GlRL.—Seven young men
were on Thursday lodged in Glocester county prison on a
charge of a diabolical outrage upon a young girl in the turn-
pike-road between Cheltenham and Glocester on Tuesday
night. The names of the accused, all of whom belong to
Cheltenham, and some are known to the police, are—Wm,
Bowen, Henry Chandler, Joseph Parker, Thos. Wheeler,
Chas. Adcock, H. E. Cox, and W. Haines. They are all
youths between 15 and 20 years of age. It appeared that
they had been together to attend the annual " mop" or sta-
tute fair at Glocester, where all the loose characters of the
district annually muster, and were returning to Chelten-
ham by the road with two others, when they met a young
woman named Dorcas Davis, who lives at the village of
Churchdown, midway between Chelteham and Gloucester.
The party on meeting the young woman set upon her,
threw her down, and in spite of her screams and resistance
she was abused by two or three of the brutal party. In her
struggles to escape from her assailants the poor girl, who
was only 16, had her clothes torn to shreds, and her person
shockingly bruised. They were followed to Cheltenham,
and the police succeeded in capturing seven of the party,
the others being at present unknown.
DEATH ON THE HILL.—A young man, about 20
years of age, has lost his life on the Cairnwall Mount, be-
tween Spittal of Glenshee and Castleton-of-Braemar. On
Friday last he went from the Spittal to the Castleton with
the mail car, as the usual driver had been unwell that night,
and was unfit for the duties of the way. The deceased, it
appears, was not well acquainted with the wild dangers of
this perilous route, yet he went safely, and was returning
late on Friday night, or early on Saturday morning.
When on the north of that ominously named triangle on
the road known as the "Devil's Elbow," one of those wild
and sudden onsets of storms peculiar to these regions came
on with fearful violence, and, it is supposed, dimmed the
vision of the traveller, who, being but a stranger, got con-
fused, and lost his way in the thickening storm of drifting
snow. At all events he was found on Saturday lying at
the foot of a precipitous bank at the side of the road, quite
dead, and apparently the car had gone too close on the
edge of this dangerous spot, and down had gone the
whole. The youth belongs to Blairgowrie.—Dundee
Courier.

PEARL FINDING.—In the towns where the
Armadors and speculators have fixed their headquarters
during the season, there is only one subject of conversation ;
no one taking the slightest interest in anything but pearls.
At every dinner-table they are handed round, admired,
criticised, and compared with well-remembered beauties of
former years. The " water" is tested in a mysterious way,
by gently rolling a few together in the palm of the hand.
Every shade of difference it is possible to find between one

pearl and another has its distinguishing appellation—the
Spanish language being well fitted to describe in a graphic
manner those minute peculiarities which it requires the eye
of an " expert" observer to discover. Occasionally a pearl
appears which cannot be classed under any recognized
title, and excitement amongst connoisseurs is immense. A

very large and beautiful one was found in the Bay of
Mulage, in August, 1859, believed to be unique. The
Indian who opened the oyster containing it made an at-
tempt to conceal the brilliant prize, but was betrayed by
his own evident confusion and excitement. It consisted of

six pearls clustered together in a very curious and beauti-
ful manner. Two large "jargonels" of purest water
were joined to each other at right angles, the neck being
encircled by a collar of four smallerpearls. It was purchased
by the agent of a European dealer, who declared that the

Empress of the French should have the first offer of it.

Pearls of remarkable form are not, Irowever, in general so
valuable as those which can be more easily matched, as the

great object of every collector is to form a complete" set."

—St. James's Magazine.
TTIE MONTENEGRINS.--But the chief outlet for
heir ferocity, or rather, perhaps, the secret cause of their

lawlessness at 'home, is to be found in their continual

struggle with the Turks. Liable to an inroad at any mo-
ment, it is necessary that all the men should be skilled in

arms. Out of a population of about 120,000, it is estimated
that between 20,000 and 30,000 armed men might be

collected in the course of a few hours, and that this

number could be increased by the addition of old men and
boys. In cases of emergency, even the cripples are borne

on the backs of women and lodged behind bits of rock,
whence t hey can load and discharge their guns. None of
these, however, can be considered regular troops. At the

moment of extreme peril they waive their jealousies and obey
their officer, but at other times they have no law but their

own will. Boing inured to privations, they perform with ease

and alacrity very long and forced marches. They do not
scruple to use their long rifles as leaping-poles, and so are able
to cross wide ditches and scramble up steep rocks, which
would greatly impede more disciplined soldiers. On foot they

can pursue the enemy with almost as much rapidity as a
body of cavalry. When he is marching towards them, they
conceal themselves in ravines, and send out small parties,
who advance a little and then feign a retreat, until he is
enticed into the ambush. Here they surround him and fight,
chiefly with their broadswords, much more like the heroes
of Homer's time than modern Christians, each man relying
solely on his own strength, and following pretty much his
own way. Their favourite time of attack is the night, that
suiting best for surprises. When they meet a foe in pitched
battle, they rush furiously into the squares, and, if they do
not succeed in destroying the ranks, they at any rate greatly
discompose them 1:4, their rapid manoeuvres,—Ono 0 Pa.

EMANCIPATION:

A SONNET TO AMERICA.
Half-hearted, double-minded, nerveless, aimless !
Thou can'st not conquer in this strife, until
Thou bast achieved High Judgment's awful will;
Then, shalt thou quell Rebellion fierce and shameless :
There is one only way ; one generalship :
Three million bloodhounds baying in its rear
Must check the front of insurrection here
Let Justice triumph; give that leash the slip; _ _

- -
And thus, by their own crimes, thyself being blameless,
Thou shalt smite down the guilty, thigh and hip :
Let loose the slaves I bid but that word go forth,
And, by their freedom writ in blood and fire,
This mad Rebellion must perforce expire,
And the crusht South come truckling to the North.
MARTIN F. TUPPER.

The Princess Mary of Solms (nee Bonaparte) has
just died at Baden Baden, at the age of 27, of inflampation
of the brain, from which she had suffered for a month. The
princess had not long returned from France.
FIFTY YEARS SINCE.—HaIf a century ago all the
great capitals of Europe, although then not half their pre-
sent size, were dangerous residences to their honest inhabi-
tants, and unmanageable in regard to police supervision;
owing to the difficulty of obtaining sufficient artificial light
during the long dark nights of winter. The growth of
population that has since taken place, and the development
of the resources of our own and other countries, would pro-
bably have been impossible without the discovery and rapid
introduction of some means of economically and effectually
lighting the streets and alleys, which had long served as
the haunts of thieves and dangerous characters of all kinds.
It is not too much to say that, in this matter alone, the
introduction of artificial light has been the main agent
employed in effecting a social improvement, compared with
which all others are secondary. The millions of cubic feet
of gas now burnt nightly in our streets are, beyond compari-
son, the best, the most permanent, and the least expensive
source of security that could have been introduced, and
have served, more than anything else, to check those deeds
of wrong and violence that darkness cannot fail to shelter,
and invariably fosters.—Poptilar Science Review.
The rioting at theatres when Italian singers first
attempted operas in London, in its violence, and its success
in banishing them for a time, might excite our doubt of its
truth, could we not remember similar scenes enacted a few
years ago when a company of French actors intended to
occupy Drury-lane. In the end, musical art triumphed;
but victory was not won without the battle. It was chiefly
due to individual energy, and that of the humblest class,
that concerts became fashionable and regularly estab-
lished in London. The first meeting deserving the
name was held in a remote part of the town, unfit for genteel
resort, and,when reached,deficientin proper accommodation.
"It was in the dwelling of Thomas Briton—one who gained
his livelihood by selling about the streets small-coal,
which he carried on his back—that a periodical perform-
ance of music took place, to which were invited people of
the first consequence. The house was in Aylesbury-street
Clerkenwell ; the room of performance was over the coal-
shop ; and, strange to tell l Tom Briton's concert was the
weekly resort of the old, the young, the gay, and the fair of
all ranks, including the highest order of nobility."—St.
James's Magazine.
THE FLITTING OF THE Sow.—The Laird of
Bargainy resolved to humiliate his neighbour and enemy
the Laird of Kerse, by a forcible occupation of a part of
his territory. For the purpose of making this aggression
flagrantly insulting, it was done by tethering or staking
a sow or female pig on the lands of Kerse. The animal was
of course attended by a sufficient body of armed men for
her protection. It was necessary for•his honour that Kerse
should drive the animal and her attendants away, and
hence came a bloody battle about the flitting of the sow.
In the contest Kerse's eldest son and hope, Jock, is killed,
and the point or moral of the narrative is the contempt
with which the old laird looks on that event, as compared
with the grave affair of flitting the sow. A retainer who
comes to tell him the result of the battle stammers in his
narrative on account of his grief for Jock, and is thus
pulled up by the laird—
" ' Is the sow flitted ?' cries the eerie,
Gie me my answer, short and plain—
Ts the sow flitted, yammering wean ?'
To which the answer is—
' The sow, deil tak her, 's ower the water,
And at their back the Crawfords clatter ;
The Carrick couts are cowed and bitted.'
Hereupon the laird's exultation breaks forth—
' My thumb for Jock—the sow's flitted.' "
—Blackwood's Maggezzne.
FOX-HUNTING EXTRAORDINARY.—A few days
since the Hon. G. W. Fitzwilliam's hounds were out.
They found at Mucklands, and reynard took across Castor-
field to Mr. White's grounds, at Castor. Here he got over
a high wall into that gentleman's shrubberies, which, by
his kind permission, were at once drawn, but without effect,
and George Carter, the huntsman, seeing Mr. White's
kitchen door open went in, and, having borrowed a candle,
found a fine cub " earthed" behind a quantity of bottles in
the cellar. George at once called his hounds, and down
rushed a number of young dogs and rather unceremoniously
knocked George (who had hold of the fox with one hand
and the candlestick in the other) completely over, putting
out the candle and leaving them all in the dark. To com-
plete the confusion, the girl, hearing a great noise and be-
coming frightened, locked the door, and shut the huntsman
with his hounds in full cry after the fox down in the dark
cellar without any means of exit. After some persuasion
the girl was induced to open the door, and up came George,
the hounds, and the fox, the two former none the worse for
their singular run, but poor raynard quite out of breath—
in fact defunct.—Stamford Mercury.
THE SUBLIME AND THE RIDICULOUS,--Indepen-
dent of motives of humanity, we are glad that the end of
the Union seems more likely to be ridiculous than terrible.
To the American people we wish nothing but good. But
for our own benefit and the instruction of the world we wish
to see the faults, so specious and so fatal, of their political
system, exposed in the most effective way. The faults of a
system that expires nobly and pathetically are apt to be
forgotten in the romance of its end. Had the Union died
silent, resolute, devoted, grand, in future ages republican
poets and painters might have loved to depict Freedom
shrieking at the scene, as she did when Kosciusko fell. But
it is impossible to conceive that anything great or noble was

involved in the catastrophe of the grand army of the Po-
tomac, that the muse of history will seriously concern her-
self even with the Fire Zcuaves, or that any poet or
painter, whether American or European, will ever depict
Liberty as quitting the earth arm-in-arm with the last of
the Presidents. And the venerable Lincoln, the respect-
able Seward, the raving editors, the gibbering mob, and the
swift.footed warriors of Bull's Run, are no malicious tricks
of-fortune played off on an unwary nation, but are all of
them the legitimate offspring of the great Republic.—Black-
wood's Magazine.

CATCHING SEA BIRDS.—The bird catchers of St.
Kilda frequently risk their lives in following the fulmar.
Two of them, provided with long ropes, proceed to the edge
of a crag. One of them fastens the strongest cord under
his arms, and holding the end of the other in his hand, is
lowered from the rock. His companion stands a little dis-
tance from the edge, holding the rope, which is fastened
round his waist tightly with both hands, while he allows
the signal end to slip away under his foot. So soon as the
fowler reaches a slope covered with fulmars, he collects his
harvest—he picks up eggs and young, and kills the old
birds with a short stick, or catches them with a noose fas-
tened to the end of a switch. He then fastens the birds
together, and seeks a new colony ; till at length, richly
laden, he gives the signal to be pulled up. The skill of
these island cragsmen is astounding. The smallest surface
is sufficient for them to stand on ; and they crawl on hands
and knees, when loaded with birds, along the narrowest
ledges of rock. Their strength is so great that if the fowler
who has been let down makes a false step, and falls the
whole length of the rope into the abyss, his comrade saves
him and himself by his obstinate resistance. Such strength
reminds us of the heroic age. But even more wonderful
stories are told. One morning a fowler went out alone.
After fastening his cord round a rock, he let himself down
till he reached the stop where he hoped to have a good day's
work. By cleverly using his feet to swing himself from the
Crag, he managed to reach the spot, but neglected to fasten

the rope round his body. While collecting the birds it

slipped from his hands, oscillated a few times, but at last
hung motionless from six to eight feet from his hand. For
a moment the cragsman stood in mute horror, almost
robbed of his senses by the sudden awfulness of his posi-
tion. And it was, in truth, frightful ; the rock above him
was steep as a wall—the sea below was filled with jagged

rocks—there was no chance that, at the depth he was, his

voice could reach the ears of his fellow •men. There was

only one thing left him—a frightful leap might enable him
to seize tho rope and save himself. If he missed death was

certain, but bettor so than to die of starvation on the crag.

He therefore formed a brave resolution, muttered a short
fervent prayer, collected all his strength, and sprang into
the vacuum. He lived to tell the deed, for he succeeded
in clutching the rope, and returning to his family.—Six-
penny Magazine.

Towards travellers who are not Turks the Monte-
negrins are always friendly. They rejoice to show kind-

ness to strangers. When Sir Gardner Wilkinson was jour-

neying in the interior, the poor ran out to meet him as he

passed, bearing little presents of fruit, or whatever else they
possessed and always refusing remuneration. On one

occasion, when he offered money, he was met by the re-
buko, " Thisis to welcome you; wo are at home ; you are a

stranger. If we had known you would offer to pay us, we

would not have brought it." They have, however, two
modes of welcoming which did not quite please the traveller.
They show their pleasuro by firing volleys of powder and
shot towards the visitor as ho approaches ; and when ex-
postulated with, as being likely to cause his death,
they answer that life and death are in God's hands,
and that no act of theirs can bring about a man's
end a moment sooner or later than is decreed. The

second objectionable feature is, thalsZentijieguest enters
the house, he has to kiss every man on the mouth, while the
welcomer lips of the fair sex are only applied to his hands.
Who will not sympathise with Sir Gardner when he laments
this barbarous iuyersiou of the proprieties r•--0710 a WWI

ILAT.E;T NEWS.

TURIN, OCT. 5.

The report of the resignation of the Governor e
Milan, published, by some Turin journals, are um
founLied.

It is asserted that Francis 11. has appointed
Prince /Statella to represent him at Konigsberg.

PESTH, OCT. 5.
It is affirmed that a pamphlet is being prepared
at Vienna by order of the Government, stating its
beneficent in tentions, and setting forth its reason
for dissolving the Hungarian Diet.

This pampl tlet is to be distributed among the
Roumains and Sclavonians of Hungary.
The rumours of preparations for a descent of
Italian Volunteers in Albania and the Herzegovina
acquires consistence,

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 4.

Montenegro has rejected the conditions under
which the Porte bad consented to raise the blockade.
The blockade will therefore be rigorously main-

tained.

The Porte hes submitted a proposal to the Euro-
pean Commissic►n to the effect that the Porte should
issue a Erman acceding to the union of the Prin-
cipalities during the life of Prince Couza.

TOULON, OcT. 4.

Troops have embarked here for Rome, in order
to replace two regiments of the French garrison in
that city.

TURIN, OCT. 4.

The Opinione of to-day says:—

" It is not true that the pamphlet published in
Paris on the guarantees to be offered to the Pope
by the Italian Government, in the event of the
suppression of the temporal power, emanated
from the Italian Government."

NAPLES, OCT. 4.

An aide-de-camp of Borges has been arrested.
He was discovered to be the bearer of important
documents, among which were lettdrs signed by
General Bosco and General Lamoriciere.

VIENNA, OCT. 4.

The Oesterreichsche Zeitung of to-day announces
that the Austro-Italian regiments will to-day be
reduced from 100 to 60 men per company, and that
further changes are contemplated.

BERNE, OCT. 4.

The Government of the canton of Geneva has
requested the Federal Council to demand satisfac-
tion from the French government on account of
the calumnious assertions of the Constitutionnel
that disturbances were frequent in Geneva, and
that there was no security for human life.

INDIA.

BOMBAY, SEPT. 12.

Large speculative inquiry for shirtings, and
prices are advancing. Twist active, and prices ad-
vancing. Cotton dull ; Broach, 170. Copper
active, and advancing, sheathing, 57r. to 58r.
Money plentiful; discount unaltered. Exchange
on London, 2s. Odd. ; advancing. Freights declin-
ing. Cotton, 455. to 50s.

Government Securities : Fours, 82E ; do. Fives,
95E ; do. Five-and-a-half, 102 t.

CALCUTTA, SEPT. 10.
(By Telegraph to Bombay.)

Shirtings and 40's mule twist advancing.` Raw
silk quiet. Copper, sheathing and tile, 4 annas
higher.
The indigo crop has been severely damaged by
floods.

Exchange on London, 2s. Old. Government
Securities : Fours, 812 to 811; Five and a half,
102 to 102 k. Freights, 455. to 475. 6d.