The Sun.
London, England, 1861-01-28 00:00:00

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

TURIN, JAN. 28.
The elections to the Italian Parliament have been
conducted with order and tranquillity.
The members for Turin are—Cavour, Miglietti,
and Cassinis.

Among the deputies elected in the provinces are
—General Cialdini, Admiral Persano, General Sir-
tori, Signori Malenchini, Fabrizii, Ribetti, General
La Marmora, Signor Ratazzi, and other satisfac-

tory names.
The result of the elections in Southern Italy are
still expected.

FLORENCE, JAN. 28.

The deputies elected to the Italian Parliament at
Florence are—Baron Ricasoli and Signori Peruzzi

and Ginori.

At Bologna—Signori Minghetti, Pepoli,, Berti,
and Pichat.

The result of the elections is generally favourable
,o the Ministry.

PESTH, JAN. 28.

The assembly of the Comitat of Stuhlweissen-
burg has voted an address energetically demanding
the restitution of the property of Count Batthyani,
which the Comitat says has been illegally confis-
cated.

The same Comitat has also demanded the recall
of the heirs of Count Bathyani, who are abroad as

refugees.

VIENNA, JAN. 28.

The ost Deutsche Post says :—" There is no doubt
that the convocation of the Imperial Assembly of
Representatives, elected by direct popular vote in
the German and Sclavonian provinces, will take
place at an early period, most probably in April."

GENOA, JAN. 25 (via Marseilles).

The Corriere ,f let-cc:utile of to-day says :—The
bombardment of Gaeta is continued with prodigious
effect from the batteries on the land side, conjointly
with the powerful co-operation of the fleet. It is
hoped that success will attend the efforts of the
besiegers in a few days. The fleet withdrew on the
morning of the 23d instant, after having silenced
nearly all the enemy's batteries, in order to repair
damages. It was to recommence the bombard-
ment on the same evening.

MARSEILLES, JAN. 26.

A Russian frigate has left Toulon, but has not
proceeded to Gaeta. Her destination is Villafranca,
where the commander will await fresh orders.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Sam 2G.—The market has been dull, as
far as the amount of business is concerned ; but the
English funds having arrived without any further
decline, prices have obtained a slight improvement.
The following are the last quotations :-
41 per per Cents ... 97 10 Credit Foicier 915
Do end month.... 97 —1 Belgian 4t 9B 75
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 60 Roman
Bank Shares 2900 Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 667 501 Spanish Threes 47 50
Do. Account 666 25 ; Home Debt

AMERICA.

REUTER'S EXPRESS.

LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.

The Royal mail steamship Australasian, Captain
Hockley, which left New York on the 16th instant,
arrived in the Mersey at two o'clock this afternoon.

A telegraphic summary of the news (received via
Queenstown) has already been published.
There is but little news of importance from
Charleston. The South Carolina Legislature has
declared that any at tempt by the Federal Govern-
ment to reinforce Fort Sumter will be regarded as
an act of open hostility and a declaration of war.
The Legislature has approved of the attack upon
the Star of the West, and decided to support the
Governor in all measures of defence. Military
companies were arriving at Charleston from all
parts of the State. Governor Pickens has tele-
graphed to the President of the Bank of the
Republic, of this city, that no vessel will be dis-
turbed or prevented from entering the harbour of
Charleston, unless bearing hostile troops or muni-
tions of war for Fort Sumter.

The South Carolina Secretaries of War and
State went on the 11th to Fort Sumter, under a
flag of truce. There is great excitement, and all
sorts of rumours are afloat as to their object, but
nothing certain is publicly known.
The secretaries remained two hours at Fort
Sumter. It is believed the visit was not hostile.
Mr. Gourdin, a member of the South Carolina
Convention, went to Fort Sumter this morning,
and held a private parley with Major Anderson.
All kinds of rumours prevail as to the cause of
the sending of a flag of truce by South Carolina
last night. Some say that disaffection exists among
Major Anderson's men, and others that a surrender
of the fort is contemplated, and that it will be
evacuated.

It is believed the negotiations with Washington
are going on for a peaceful surrender of the fort,
and for the cessation of a warlike attitude.

Colonel Hayne, on the part of South Carolina,
and Lieut. Hall, on the part of Major Anderson,
left for Washington with proposals, and to obtain
further instructions.

A Charleston despatch of the 13th says :—" Eight
working men came away last night in a boat from
Fort Sumter; they report the soldiers on short
allowance."

Last night was quiet. The excitement of the
people has subsided, and there are great hopes
that the ultimatum of South Carolina sent to Wash-
ington by Messrs. Hayne and Hall will give peace.
Nothing of importance transpired at Charleston
on the 15th.

The largest crowd that ever assembled inside the
United States Senate House assembled on the 12th
to hear the speech of Hon. W. H. Seward on the
National Crisis. The full Diplomatic Corps were
in attendance, the galleries were crammed almost
to suffocation, and numbers went away unable to
obtain admission. Mr. Seward's remarks were
listened to with the most profound attention. No
business of special importance was done by the
Senate.

On the 14th Mr. Bigler, of Pennsylvania, pre-
sented in the Senate a bill proposing amendments
to the constitution, to be voted on by the people on
the 12th of February. This bill carries out
substantially the ideas of Mr. Crittenden, though
with some vhriation of detail. In the absence of
Mr. Crittenden, and other senators, Mr. Bigler
preferred to postpone its consideration and refer-
ence. During a brief discussion relating to it, Mr.
Brown, of Mississippi, announced the secession of
his state from the Union, and said that although
he and his colleague had not yet received official
notice of the States action, they should decline here-
after to take part in the Senate's proceedings. Mr.
Grimes, of lowa, offered a resolution, which was
laid over, calling upon the President for informa-
tion relative to alleged intention of certain men, or
bodies of men, to obstruct the free navigation of
the Mississippi. Consideration of the Crit-
tenden resolutions was postponed. Mr.
Polk, of Missouri, then addressed the Senate,
the subject under consideration being the resolution
offered by Mr. Hunter, of Virginia, calling for
information regarding the Pttorept to ieinfbrce the
garrison at Fort Sumter. He found the republican
party answerable for all the ills which now afilict
the country, and insisted that the only means by
which the Union could be saved was through such
guarantees from the North to the South as would
assure the latter equal rights and facilities in it.

In the Senate on the 15th a number of memorials
were presented, urging the passage of the Crittenden
resolutions, and they were taken up as the special
order. After a short discussion, however, they
were laid over again to make way for the Pacific
Railroad Bill, which had also been appointed as a
special order. A motion to postpone its considera-
tion was defeated—ayes, 12 ; noes, .39. Subse-
quently two other motions, one of them made by
Mr. Crittenden, were defeated; and after consider-
able debate the Senate adjourned, pending a motion
by Mr. Benjamin, of Louisiana, to amend the
section relating to guarantees. In the House of
Representatives on the 12th, Mr. Clark, of Missouri,
asked leave to offer a resolution in reference to the
reported occupation of the Government buildings at
St. Louis, by United States' troops, and moved a
suspension of the rules ; but objections were
made, and the resolution was not entertained.
The Speaker laid before the House a letter
from the Mississippi delegates announcing
their withdrawal from Congress. An attempt
was made by Southern members to have
their names and those of the Carolina delegation
stricken from the roll of the house, but it did not
succeed. The Navy Appropriation Bill was then
taken up, and a long debate followed a motion to
strike out all appropriations, on the ground that
the navy was to be used to make war upon the
seceding States. The Southern members announced
their intention to defeat appropriation for the army
and navy by the usual parliamentary expedients,
and a full debate could be had. A compromise,
however, was finally effected, on an agreement that
a three days' debate should take place on the army
and navy appropriations, and the navy bill was
allowed to pass.
On the 14th, in the house, Mr. English, of
Indiana, asked leave to offer a resolution, instruct-
ing the committee of 33 to report the proposition
of Mr. Crittenden for the pacification of the coun-
try, but objections were made, when Mr. English
gave notice that at the proper time he should mov e
a suspension of the rules, and subsequently did so
but without success. Several measures were in-
troduced bearing on the present condition of affairs,
which were referred to the select committee of five
on the President's message. A resolution was
adopted instructing that committee to consider and
report, as soon as possible, uron that portion of
the message which recommends that a vote of the
people be taken upon the great questions at issue
between the North and South.
Mr. Stanton, of Ohio, made an effort to appoint
to-day for the consideration of the bill providing
for the organisation and discipline of the militia
of the district of Columbia, but he failed by one
vote. The house then went into committee of the
whole on the Army Appropriation Bill, and the
general debate, which was on Saturday agreed to,
was commenced by Mr. M'Clernard, of Illinois,
who took strong ground against the right of seces-
sion, and closed with an appeal to all conservative
men to rally to the support of the Constitution and
the Union. Mr. Corwin, of Ohio, presented the
majority report of the committee of 33. Mr. Taylor,
of Louisiana, obtained leave to have the minority
report printed.
On the 15th, in the house, Mr. Harris, Maryland,
presented a petition, signed by 12,000 citizens
the
nsof
Baltimore, irrespective of party, praying for
adoption of Mr. Crittenden's Compromise Resolu-
tions. The house then went into committee of the
whole on the Army Bill, and the general debate on
the condition of the country was continued.

Messrs. Hayne and Guardin, messengers from the
Governor of South Carolina, and Lieut. Hall, bearer
of despatches from Mjr. Anderson, arrived atWash-
ington, on the 14th. The latter immediately sought
an interview with the President, but the object of
his mission had not been made public. Nothing had
officially transpired respecting the mission of th•
gentlemen from South Carolina, but it was believed

to have reference to measures for the prevention of
hostilities.

The New York Herald says :—" Our Washing-
ton despatches reveal the object of the mission of
Col. Hayne, the envoy of South Carolina to Wash-
ington. It is to demand of the Federal Govern-
ment the surrender of Fort Sumter. The South
Carolina authorities notified Major Anderson of
their determination to capture the fort if it was not
given up, and the Majorin reply stated that he had
no alternative but to defend it. He however agreed
to refer the subject for decision to his superiors. It
is stated that the President will not yield to the
proposition of Col. Hayne. There appears to be
no doubt that if the Fort is not surrendered the
South Carolinians will attack it."

The New ork Times Washington correspondent
telegraphs on the 13th :—To-day has been the
quietest that we have had here for a month.
Mr. Seward's speech, despite the articles in the
Constitution, which denounces it in unmeasured
phrase, has had a decidedly soothing effect
and is doing much good. Mr. Crittenden declares
that it is in the right direction, patriotic and states-
manlike.

The Southern extremists insist that it offers
nothing, but the more moderate confess that it
reassures the South as to the purposes of the incom-
ing Administration, and indicates that there is no
insuperable obstacle to the South getting constitu-
tional guarantee:against Northern interference with
slavery in the States, and some amicable mode of
settling the territorial question.

The best effect of the speech is to allay irritation,
and to enable all parties to reflect on a future
course.

The most troublesome issue now relates to Fort
Sumter. It was announced to-day that no rein-
forcements will be sent to that point at present, as
they are not seceded ; but I have good reason to
believe it to be the cottled purpose of the Adminis-
tration to vindicate the flag of the Union by send-
ing, as soon as the department can be properly
arranged, the means. The chief difficulty is the
scarcity of war vessels suited to this emergency.
It is not considered imperative to retake at pre-
sent the many forts at other southern points, which
it will burden the State to maintain, but the feel-
ing is strong that Government cannot with honour
remain driven out of Charleston harbour since the
unsuccessful effort to enter already made. Some
apprehension is felt that the Charlestonians may
refuse to let Lieut. Talbot return to Fort Sumter
unless they are assured first that his instructions
are peaceful, but, if he fails to return in reasonable
time, Major Anderson will understand why, and be
heard from again when the American flag is fired
on again. It is reported here that a collector at
some minor post in South Carolina maintains his
loyalty to the Union, and refusing fealty to the
Secession Government, has been arrested for
treason. The important question arises, shall the
Federal Government interfere for his rescue. Go-
vernor Pickens, of South Carolina, having a balance
of 3,400 dols. due to him as late Minister to
Russia, sent here for it. The Department adjusted
his accounts by sending him a draft on the Charles-
ton Sub-Treasury, the monies in which have been
seized by the State.

A Washington telegram of the 15th says :—" Ths
resolution of the New York bankers, at their meet-
ing on the 12th to sustain the Government with
money, is hailed here as a most encouraging token
of confidence in its stability, and chills the movers
for the Southern Confederacy, for they foresee that
the two Republics cannot borrow in the same
market.

Private advices from Texas, just received indi-
cate the probability that the Disunionists will be
badly beaten there.

Letters from Louisiana express the opinion that
the co-operationists will give the immediate seces-
sionists a close race, if the former do not indeed
control the convention.

The secession leaders are much annoyed by the
conservatism of the several Southern States which
hesitate to plunge into revolution, and are endea-
vouring to provoke some new issue that shall drive
the Conservatives into extremes. This is urged
here by the friends of the: zulmini.tration as
a good reason for the forbearance relative to
the recent affair at Charleston.

Lieutenant-General Scott is engaged making pre-
parations to guard against a possible breach of the
peace in Washington, ',consequent on the present
political agitation. Effective military forces are to
be posted in parts of the city. It is not pro-
bable that any but regular troops and the militia
will be employed for the purpose.

It is rumoured that Government had positive
information of an intended attack on the Treasury
here by a mob, whose purpose was robbery under
the pretext of revolution. A troop, numbering 260
Light Artillery, have arrived here with horses and
equipments by special trains. They are quartered
at the Arsenal, pointing on the Potomac, about
half a mile from the capital.
The New York Times says :—" The programme
for the establishment of the Southern Confederacy
is understood to be already perfected. Georgia, it
is expected, will have declared herself out of the
Union by the 19th. When this event shall have
happened delegates from South Carolina, Alabama,
Florida, Mississippi, and Georgia will assemble at
Milledgeville, in the latter state, to take steps to
establish a Provisional Government and elect a
President and Vice-President pro tempore, provide
for an army, and initiate other defensive measures.
It is the intention, also, to despatch ministers
immediately to foreign powers to negotiate treaties.
It is possible that the states mentioned may be left
alone in this movement, as indications are not
wanting that their precipitate action will not be
followed by either Louisiana or Texas, upon both
of which states the Secessionists have counted."
A telegram from Pensacola announces that Fort
Barrancos and the Navy Yard at that place had
been taken possession of by the Alabama and
Florida troops. It will be recollected that only a
few days since, probably in anticipation of this
movement, the Government forces at Pensacola were
all concentrated at Fort Pickens, the strongest of
the three fortifications at that place, so that in
reality the seizure is very much like that of Fort
Moultrie and Castle Pinckney, in Charleston Har-
bour, after Major Anderson had evacuated them for
the stronger position of Fort Sumter.
A telegram from Colonel Todd, in command of
Fort Monroe in Mobile Bay, says he has plenty of
men, guns, and ammunition to prevent any hostile
force approaching Mobile. •

The United States sloop of war Brooklyn has
returned to Hampton Roads.

Governor Hicks had again refused to call a Con-

vention.

United States' Circuit Court
dS
jmuarlyle,yindtehlievered an important charge to
theat JudgeNgn
erwa
York, on the 14th, on the law of high
treason. He told them that the seizure of United
States property, and firing on the United States
flag by persons owing allegiance to the United
States, constituted high treason by levying war;
that no State could absolve citizens from their
allegiance to the general Government ; and that
neither South Carolina nor any other state could
legally protect citizens of other states in waging
war against their Government. He laid down the
legal definition of treason, and declared it to be the
duty of all good and true citizens to do everything
in their power to suppress rebellion, expose treason,
and bring traitors to justice.

The services of the whole of the Ist Division of
the New York State Militia had been tendered to
the Commander-in-Chief.

The steamship Star of the West, with two
hundred United States' troops and four
officers, which had been despatched hence
for the reinforcement of the garrison of Fort Sumter,
returned to New York on the 12th, after as
ineffectual effort to land troops at their place of
destination. It was with great difficulty that an
entrance was effected into the harbour of Charles-
ton, 013 account of the removal of the coast lights
and ranges, and the displacement of buoys ; but
when the steamer had penetrated to within two
miles of the fort, she was fired upon from a masked
battery on Morris Island. Seventeen shots Were
discharged, apparently from an eighteen and
forty-four pounder, two of which shots struck the