The Sun.
London, England, 1861-11-15 00:00:00

TILE A.RIIII,

The following general order annexed to the Royal
warrant of the 30th of Octo.aer, 1861, was yesterday
issued from the Horse Guards :

" With a view to give full effect to the provisions of the
Limited Enlistment Act, and at the same time to hold out
every encouragement to time •expired soldiers of good cha-
racter to continue in the service, it is hereby notified that,
in addition to the privilege of being permitted, on re•en-
gagement, to count the full period of their first term of
service towards increase of good conduct pay, and to pen-
sion on discharge, and of receiving a fresh bounty, as well
as the regulated allowance in lieu of a free kit, and 20 days'
pay of their rank, men who re-engage at the head-quarters
of their regiment for a second term of service will begranted,
a furlough, if serving at home, for a period of two months,
commencing from the date of re-engagement ; and if serv-
ing at either of tbo stations of Gibraltar, Malta, or tho
lonian Islands will be provided v ith a free passage to this
country at a convenient opportunity, at the discretionof the
commanding officer, and a furlough for two months, com-
mencing from the date of their arrival in the United King-
dom. They wili also be provided with a free passage back
to their regiment, unless directed to join the depots thereof,
at the termination of their furloughs. Soldiers who at the
time of their ro-engagement may be serving in India,
China, Ceylon, the Mauritius, Australia, or New Zealand,
will be allowed £5, and those serving in Canada, attheCapo
of Good Hope, at St. Helena, and to the 'West Indies, £3,
in addition to the usual bounty, as anequivalent to the fur-
lough granted to re-engaged men serving at other foreign
stations and at home."

Instructions were on Wednesday forwarded by
Col. Campbell, commanding the Royal Marine divi-
sion at Woolwich, by order of the Deputy-Adjutant-
General, for the return to head-quarters, with the
recruiting parties under their command, on the 20th
inst., of Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Parke, recruiting at
Bath, and Brevet-Major Pym, at Melton Mow-
bray. The officers of the Royal Marine Light
at d
sLpiavtecrhp o
tool
haena dd
üßaerdt feorrsd,
Whlnaovfaoenl
wbtreiyeehn,redacirreucipttioenra
to
recruitinggtion of the recruiting staff,
and the detachment at Orpington and the
Craigs is ordered to be augmented by an eligible
sergeant and corporal, to recruit for head-quarters.
Detachments of the Ist and second battalions of
the sth Fusiliers, 34th, 38th, 44th, and 18th (Con-
naught Rangers) Regiments arrived at Fort Pitt
General Hospital, Chatham, on Wednesday evening,
from Colchester. After the troops had been medi-
cally inspected by the staff of the establishment, 20
non-commissioned officers and men were admitted
into hospital for treatment, the men not detained at
hospital being forwarded to St. Mary's Barracks.
Yesterday morning another large party, number-
ing 130 men of all ranks, of different cavalry and
the
infantry corps, received their discharge
ssiedrevriCaeblaetpSotr.tiAoliairoyf
that
.nuDniebpeort,Chatham,o
bbeen
nrjai
havingsceointt-
lon es , to re.
to the garrison from India and thec
of their
ceive their discharge. on the
npiemr periods of oi
nf scenrnvsieccie
~i rector - Gen e.
un-
fit for service in the army.
whileot thett
se
their
completioneehmr
na al
onn
fdg
te
hr
e weremen
become dis-
%enc
of the Army, paid a
dis-
chargedlYesterday
o fth eyA
Medical
et
Dde
rcd
.aa
J.
B. wereG
Departmentverybs
on young.
_u.B.
visitra of inspection to the hospitals, and other mcdi.
cal establishments at Chatham,

Perfection of
Gold watches, 5 to 'CO guineas;
silver watches, 2 to 50 guineas. Benson's new Illustrated
g Post N D CLOCKS..--. 4
pamphlEt, free for two stamps, descriptive of every construc-
tion of watch, enables persons in any part of the world to
ll:all sON
nL' S
" WATCHESMorni n AND
select with the greatest certainty the watch best adapted to
their use. Watches sent free and safe by post on receipt of
wrimittance. —J. W. Benson, 33 and 31, Ludgate-hill, 46 and
47, vunhill, Loudon, E.G. EptulAibbedl7l9.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager -Mr. Edmund Falconer.

-------
IS EVENING, will be performed (rth time) the new
and original Drama, entitled PEEP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen
Deebsh. .biessrs. Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles
Edmun i Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara
Weston.
Um
To conclude with GONE TO TEXAS. mr. Walter Lacy,
t. nen,.
Acting. Manager—Mr. F. B. Chitterton.

lt_______________
)YAL PRINCESS'S Lftssee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
THEATRE,—
Tlll is lIPRNINa, i,AavErTE'S WEDDING. Miss M.
Barris and Mr. H. Wicldlcomb.
After which,
OTHEL LO, with at Ei
newts o'clock. Shakespeare's tragedy of
cen
Othello, Afs, Pechter ery, dresses, and aPP93AtAlelltO•

It is trite to say, but true, that time only can
prove the value of the news received yesterday from
France. We do not intend to insinuate anything
like duplicity on the part of the EMPEROR or of his
ministers, but it does remain to be seen whether
open finance, with control by what we may for
courtesy's sake term the representatives of the
people, is compatible with Imperialism. It need
not be doubted that Louis NAPOLEON has the
sense so commonly wanting in crowned heads to
bow to events ; and he is, therefore, quite sincere
in his present professions; but it may well be
doubted whether it may not be shortly found that in
surrendering the absolute control of the nation's
treasury, which he really enjoys under the system
to be superseded by M. FOULD, he has surrendered
his chief instrument of acquiring popularity.
Hitherto when that formidable class, the artisans
of Paris and of France, were in danger of becoming
uneasy, between the employment he could compel
the municipalities to furnish, and the vast expen-
diture on the army and navy, the Emperor was
always able to keep the workmen quiet, and to
figure as a Deity amongst them at the expense of
the class who could pay taxes. There was,
besides, the vast advantage of being able to
point Frenchmen to an army and a navy
which tickled their pride with the fancy
that France was the real mistress of Europe. That
her folly has compelled all Europe to keep au eye
upon her, and to incur expenses perfectly useless
otherwise, is true—but this was palmed off on the
people, as an honour and glory, for which it was
worth while to increase the national debt at a rate
of £10,000,000 per annum. What will be the
result to Imperialism if the burden of the debt
remaining, the factitious glory for which it was
incurred vanishes, and an inglorious burden of
taxation is all that remains.

It is impossible, however, to notice the Emperor's
conduct or to read his language, without marking
his superiority to the monarchs of the old school.
He repudiates all nonsense about Divine right, and
with it the infallibility of a political POPE, to
acknowledge, like his uncle, the popular origin of
his Royalty. The language seems indeed almost
like a direct allusion to the stuff recently published
from Konigsburg, and the NAPOLEON has certainly
greatly the advantage of the HOHENZOLLERN.
Readers do not laugh, or resent when they hear
the elect of the pretorians and of the peasantry
saying—" Faithful to my origin, I neither re-
gard my prerogatives as a sacred deposit which
Ro
es e t which
by
cannot be touched, nor as a heritage from my ances-
ed
tmustthe p
beeeptrlaetnsmand
transmitted intact to my son.
interests, I shall always aban representing
regret
don
every prerogative useless for the good of the public,
as I shall likewise preserve unshaken in my hands
all power which is indispensable for the tranquillity
and prosperity of the country."
And as to the object
of such a declaration, they do not think it
more selfish
than the public declarations of most men. The good
will of the people is wanted, and the price is frankly
offered. And if the verbal difference of language
between NAPOLEON 111. and the father-in-law of
our Princess Royal is so marked, equally marked
is the difference between the actions of the Em-
CH and those of another Emperor,
peror of the FREN
with our English aristocracy.
a great favourite wi
The Frenchman does not refuse to open his eyes
and see facts as they really are. We can but be-
lieve, whatever be his faults or merits, that the
r of
man who can surrender so openly the powe

the purse to France would have surrendered
that, and all which is legally asked by the Hun-
garians, could he have been their undis-
puted monarch on such easy terms. He might
have much wished for a different kind of settlement,
but he would not have jeopardised the Crown of a
noble and generous people, by flying in the face of
their unanimous will. He is, indeed, by his present
eonduct, doing what he can to strengthen the old
pretension of the NAPOLEONS—that of being the
peoples' sovereigns.

On our own account we must, of course, hope
that the fit of economy will last. We have smarted
tremendously for French extravagance, and we shall
not be slow to show our neighbours that we do not
increase our taxation some twenty millions a year
merely for the pleasure of it. If France
can leave off defiance, we can willingly desist
from preparation to meet it, till she resumes her
old folly, which, may she never do ! " The fears,"
says M. FOULD, " which the faculty of directly dis-
posing of all the resources of France inspires in all
our neighbours obliges them to maintain immense
armaments. To renounce this power—more ap-
parent than real, more menacing than efficacious—
would not only give confidence to France, but
would calm the uneasiness of Europe, and would
remove all pretext for hostile measures. Even
admitting, against all probability, that Europe
might, from a state of complete peace, immedi-
ately pass into one of war, the abandonment of
these prerogatives of the Emperor would be without
danger, as the country and the great bodies of the
State would afford him their devoted concurrence."
In the sentiment of the last paragraph we entirely
concur. It is as applicable to England as to France
—the signs of approaching war must be discoverable
at any time; and we surely need not, if reasonably
secure, waste in superfluous preparations the money
which will be all needed should real danger
threaten.

The leader Palatine of the Tories has again ap-
peared in command of his new political battery at
Aylesbury. Time must prove whether Mr. DIS-
RAELI has been well advised in summoning ecclesi-
astical artillery to the aid of the Opposition; the
sympathies of that order of gunners were, of course,
well known to be in favour of Toryism. English
liberties, with the rarest exceptions, have all been
won without the aid of the Church of England,
rather, indeed,:in teeth of its opposition. Hence,
England does not like political ecclesiastics. Even
Mr.DisRAELI himself is fain to apologise for bringing
them into the field, the laity generally having a dis-
taste for their presence, somewhat like that which
horses are reported to feel towards camels. He owns
that in " this country and in this age the civil
power will not submit to any supreme authority, nor
even brook a rival," but Mr. DISRAELI, as leader
of a party in the House of Commons, needs the aid
of the clergy, and he is, therefore, at considerable
pains to mark out the line which they
may, without offence, take in politics. "I have
ever counselled," he says, " to my clerical friends
the utmost reserve in political affairs, not that I
question their right to entertain on all political
subjects their opinions, and if they choose to act
upon them, an English clergyman is an English
gentleman and an English citizen; but I have
always felt that in proportion to their political
activity will the integrity of their spiritual influence
be diminished, and I prefer the maintenance of their
spiritual and social influence to their political
activity. But there is a limit I would recommend,
and that is, when individuals are no longer in ques-
tion, but institutions. When politics admit of ques-
tions concerning institutions, and do not bear upon
individuals, then it is the duty of clergymen—not
merely their rights, but their duty, to interfere.
And when the institution in question is that which
their daily thoughts and nightly meditations ought
always to be fixed upon, the Church in which they
are the sacred ministers—they, in my opinion,
would be guilty of an apathy that cannot be de-
fended if they were silent or idle."
This is worthy of Mr. DISRAELI'S ingenuity ;
but in practice we fancy it will puzzle most clergy-
men to apply the rule. Whenever was it yet
know that any political movement, even those which
excited what should be the most unclerical passions,
was not represented as an attack on institutions.
All liberal movements imply the removal of some
time-honoured abuse or injustice—or the rectifica-
tion of some arrangement, whose very crookedness
is the institution itself in the eyes of :Toryism.
Every Wednesday Bill of Independent Members is
an attack on some institution, the repeal of the
Paper Duty itself was represented in that light;
indeed, if the clergy devote themselves to the
defence of institutions, they will never want plenty
of political work. This very speech of Mr. DIS-
RAELI'S is, indeed, proof of this. Let the Honour-
able Gentleman reconsider the following remarks :
—" Last Session alone a series of bills were intro-
duced, all with specific objects, yet all converging
to one point—an attack upon the Church, and the
most precious privileges of the Churchman. Your
charities were assailed, even your churchyards were
invaded, your law of marriage was to be altered,
your public worship, to use the language of your
opponents, is to be facilitated. Finally, the sacred
fabrics of the churches are no longer to be con-
sidered national. True it is that all these assaults
were defeated, but how defeated ? By a strain upon
the physical energies of those who repelled the
attacks, which it is not in human nature that you
should count, unless the country and Churchmen
generally come forward to support them."
Nor does he seriously believe that the canon, in
virtue of which Churchmen compel all who inter-
pret Scripture differently to themselves—including
the whole body of Dissenters and half the Church
—in regard to a deceased wife's sister, is an insti-
tution t If so, we beg to inform him that it is one
which is a gross violation of religious liberty, and
therefore must fall, notwithstanding the support of
all the clergy. A gain—is the power to exclude
fellow-Christians, whose worship is not prescribed
by Act of Parliament, from interring their dead,
with a Christian service, in the common parish
burial-ground an institution 1' If so, again we deny
the power of all the clergy long to uphold such an
odious power, worthier of Spain than of
England. Once more, is it t►n institution
that, when charitable trusts specify no par
ticular form of " religion" as a qualification
for holding the trust, Church of Englandism shall
alone be held to be religion, and that, when half the
worshippers of England do not use the service of
the Church ? We regret that Mr. DISRAELI should
so pervert the facts of the case and the meaning of
words. Ho of all men in the country must, per-
sonally, hold far more liberal, not to say Christian
views.

We doubt if Mr. DISRAELI was able to keep his
own gravity when he told the meeting at Ayles-
bury that " the question of Church-rates was the
great domestic question of the day," Small, indeed,
then, are the questions of the day ! We wonder
how many of our readers are not impatient beyond
measure with the Government, the two houses, and
the clergy themselves for making so much ado about
such a trumpery business. "Great question ! We
are quite sure that if Mr. DISRAELI and the Tories
had not nursed it into greatness, for purely party
purposes, Church rates would, by this time, have

ha red the fate of commercial protective imposts
and nobody have missed them. Churchmen Wonta
have voluntarily given more than they have hitherto
been coerced to paying, DissePters would have been
left unmolested, and the fabrics" Mr. DISRAILI
tries to lament for., would have been kept in repair
by their rent-free tenants.

We notice, however, one rather unfair trick on
the part of Mr. DISRAILI. His party, under his
leadership, got the Bill rejected last Session by a
majority of one. Obviously, it is now for them to
propose a Bill. Mr. DISRAILI, however, calls aloud
on Government to do it. He procured the rejection
of the Bill to which the Government gave its sup-
port. He says the law must be amended, yet he
does not offer the amendment needed ! The country
will not think this manly. It is, in truth, showing
the white feather. For the leader of a party to
get rid of another's plan and refuse to produce his
own, can have but one result—the conviction will
be that the rejected plan was factiously rejected,
and that no other is practicable. This we believe
to be the truth. But then it furnishes no justifica-
tion for Conservatives. They differ among them-
selves as widely as the poles in the plans offered
from their own side, including that of the last Tory
Government itself. We do not believe they can
propose any scheme that is not substantially
abolition, which has a chance of being carried. Lord
EBURY'S plan to retain the rate—that is, all
the existing apparatus—but to abolish the power
to compel payment is the only one which can com-
pete with Sir JOHN TRELAWNY'S, and that is be-
cause it is substantially the same. Sir JOHN has,
however, more pluck than Mr. DISRAELI. He at
least is not discouraged. If the Government does
not introduce a bill, he will do so—and thus the
"great domestic question" will not sleep next ses-
sion. We hope, however, after that, it will fall into
the eternal sleep on which it must like all mortal
thiugs so soon enter.

The civil war in America is not only suicidal but
has a most injurious effect on the labouring classes
in this country. The selfish policy of the Man-
chester School, not only unpatriotic but suicidal,
has reaped its own reward. When £ s. d. takes
precedence of humanity it is not to be wondered
that our colonial resources are neglected. Central
India possesses all the requisites for the production
of cotton. Australia could supply the world with
the plant, which is indigenous to her lower lati-
tudes ; and the West Indies can compete single-
handed with the Southern States of America if
capital were only invested in developing the re-
sources of those prolific regions.
But why should not the richest of England's de-
pendencies, containing a population which out-
numbers the entire Anglo-Saxon race, contribute to
the maintenance of the commercial prosperity of
the country to which she owes her very existenec.
The old India Charter is dissolved. There is a wide
field open to the Governor-General of India to
establish an authority which shall be respected. It
is absurd to permit Glass prejudice to exist in India,
when in our own country we sanction some five
hundred conflicting creeds. It is useless to expect
that a people can be convinced of the folly of their
ways in a short time ; they must learn it gradually.
But it is the duty of those in authority to let the
landholders and petty chiefs know that
the remotest districts of India are as
much under command of the executive as any
county of England. We do not wish to take a de-
sponding view of our Indian possessions. In spite
of neglect and private cupidity in the end India
will prove herself to be one of the richest
and most valuable colonies of Great Britain
The numerous lines of railroads which are being
gradually extended through the country, and the
energetic advance which the Irrigation Company
has made, must, in the end, override the national
prejudice, but a kindly feeling and judicial conside-
ration may keep everything quiet.

CABINET COUNClL.—Summonses were issued yes-
terday to the several members of the Cabinet for a council
this afternoon at three o'clock at Lord Palmerston's official
residence in Downing-street.
Lord Brougham has accepted the Presidency of
the Edinburgh High School Club, to which he was re-
eently unanimously elected.
GOLD SHIPS AT SEA.—The gold ships that have
left Australia for England since the last mail are the Rox-
burgh Castle, on the 28th of August, with 50,399 ounces,
or £201,000 ; and the Wellesley, on the 21st of September,
with 76,961 ounces, worth about £308,000. The James
Wilson, with £76,000, is now 124 days out, and insurances
were effected on her to-day at the increased rate of eight
guineas per cent.

LARGE FAILIIRE.—The suspession is announced
of Messrs. Amott Brothers and Co., silk mercers, of St.
Paul's-churchyard, with liabilities of about £30,000, and
assets presumed to be considerable. The failure is attri-
butable to large losses on stock during the depressed state
of trado. The books have been placed in the hands of Mr.
W. J. White, accountant.

COPPER COINAGE.—In respect of a local scarcity
of copper coin, referred to by a c mespondent, we are de-
sired to intimate that the new bronze coin is supplied at
the Mint to any amount from £5 upwards for its value in
gold, notes, or old copper coin, free of charge. In the case
of the exchange of old coin for new a premium of 2 per
cent, is also allowed to the public upon the nominal valu3
of the old coin brought in. Already £230,000 of the new
coin has been issued, of which about £60,000 only was
exchanged for old copper coin withdrawn.

TIIE DRAWBACK ON PAPER,—AS illustrating the
extent of business transacted by some of the principal firms
engaged in the paper trade, it may be stated that the total
drawback received by Messrs. Spalding and Hodge, of
Drury-lane, on their stock of paper, represented £16,689
12s. Bd. The number of reams held by this house was
101,520, or 2,936,3651b5. weight.

GALLANT LIFEBOAT SERVICES.—RESCUE OF
EIGHTEEN SHIPWRECKED PERSONS. LOWESTOFT,
Thursday Night.—This morning (says Captain Joachim,
R.N.,) at nine o'clock the Lowestoft libeboat, in connection
with the National Lifeboat Institution, was launched to
the rescue of two vessels riding to windward of the Holm
Sand. They were lying close to the breakers of that sand.
The gale was at the time very heavy, and the two vessels
were expected to be blown every moment on the sand,
where the destruction of every one on board would be
inevitable. The first vessel was the Whim, a pilot cutter,
with seven men on board. The harbour steam-tug had
gone to assist her, but was quite unable to venture near
her; but the lifeboat having anchored to windward
of the cutter, and having dropped down, was enabied to
take her crew out. The lifeboat having been
hauled up to her anchor, the steam-tug removed
her to windward, when the boat was again fortunately
enabled to repeat a similar merciful operation in rescuing
the crew of eleven man of the Saucy Lass, a fishing lugger.
By the assistance of the steam-tug the lifeboat was again,
for the third time, removed from her perilous position, and
I am happy to inform you we landed the eighteen hands all
safe. I have great pleasure in reporting the gallant and
skilful conduct of the boat's crew, with two of the North
Sea pilots, who favoured us with their assistance, and must
add that without the valuable aid of the steam-tug we
could not have accomplished these important services to
suffering humanity. It may be mentioned that Captain
Joachim has been instrumental himself in rescuing a large
number of shipwrecked persons, and had previously re-
ceived the silver medal and second service clasp of the
National Lifeboat Institution, in acknowledgment of his
gallant services. It is also worthy of notice, at this season
of the year, that the lifeboats of the National Lifeboat
Institution has been instrumental, during the last twenty-
two months, in rescuing four hundred and seventy-six ship-
wrecked persons from a watery grave.
THE FRENCH MINISTRY.—The financial letters
from Paris state that at the Council of Ministers, there was
considerable discussion as to the conditions demanded by
M. Fould before accepting the functions of Minister of Fi-
nance. He required that each Minister, and particularly
the Ministers of War and Marine, should not be allowed to
spend without limit, and merely come to him to find the
means when the expenditure is made. He also asked for a
certain control of the Moniteur, a reduction of the army,
&c. M. Billault opposed all this, and wished to maintain
things as they are. It was understood that the revenue of
the year will baraly reach the sum it was estimated at,
and that the tremendous deficit to be announced is attribut-
able almost entirely to the excess of expenditure in the
army
voted ands
3n9a37 0
0a n dm
epau. b c
The works.act
u a
IT
nh
ue
mnbue mr
ub eurd
eo
rf men
arms
has been nearer 600,000.

LATEtsT NE‘‘.

' our country in what concerned the execution of
the great lines of communication. In fact, the
bills presented by the Government were rejected,
at ono time in consequence of questions of the
direction they were to take, and at another on ac-
count of the conditions of their concession. Some
persons wished that the execution of the railways
should be confided to the companies ; while others
advocated the State undertaking them ; and be-
tween these two systems the general interest
remained almost always disregarded.
" The draft of the Senatus-Consultum of the 25th
Dec., 1852, had therefore, for object to decide that
all works of public utility, particularly those de-
signated by the laws of the 3d May, 1841, and the
21st April, 1842, should be ordered and authorised
by decrees of the Emperor, as well as all undertak-
ings of general interest. The credits applicable to
those works and to those undertakings were to be
opened according to the terms prescribed for extra-
ordinary cr.3dits, and submitted to the Legislative
Body at its next session.
" The Senate introduced a modification in that
plan. The faculty of opening credits by decree was
limited to the works executed for the account of the
State, and if these works or undertakings had for
conditions subsidies or engagements from the Trea-
sury, the credit could not be granted except by a
law issued before the execution.
" As to the Budget, Art. 12 of the same Senatus-
Consultum decided that it should be presented to
the Legislative Body with its administrative divi-
sions by chapter and by article, but that it should
be voted by the Ministry. The division by chapter
of the credit accorded for each Ministry was to be
regulated by decree of the Emperor, given in the
Council of State. Lastly, by the same Art. 12, the
power was given to the Government of effecting, by
means of decrees of the Emperor, issued in the same
form, transfers of funds from one chapter to another.
It was in order to avoid recourse to supplementary
credits that the Senate gave the Government that
now resource for providing for eventualities.

" Such is the economy of of our financial system,
and the attacks to which it has been subjectedseem
to me in nowise founded. Consequences are as-
cribed to it for which it cannot be held responsible ;
and the remedy proposed, the division of the vote
according to the service in each ministry, would
not produce the result which is hoped for.
" The pure and simple return to the vote by
special chapters would only displace responsibility
by making the Legislative power intervene in the
administration ; but it would not re-establish the
equilibrium in our finances. However, since your
Majesty has promised the division by great chap-
ters, I do not see any serious inconveniences in that
modification, provided the chapters only centain
great divisions. M. Dupin has justly said All
the budgets are presented and voted with an excess
of receipts, and all are closed with a deficit (I).'
" That state of things was not new, and when
the most rigorous division by special chapters was
exacted, for example from 1840 to 1847, the equi-
librium of the budget was not better maintained
I have now before me an account of the supplemen-
tary and extraordinary credits opened in those
eight years, they amount to nearly 1,200,000,000
francs, deduction being made of the credits an-
nulled, or about 150,000,000 f. a year. It is true
that the years 1840 and 1841 required extraordi-
nary expenses on account of the crisis occasioned by
the Eastern question, and that the budgets of War
and Marine were exceptionally high in those twe
years. If we compare with that period the eight
years from 1851 to 1858, it must be admitted that
the expenses during the latter interval were more
considerable, but account must be taken of the
Eastern war, which has weighed so heavily on our
finances. From 1851 to 1858, the supplementary
and extraordinary credits amounted to not less than
2,400 millions, averaging 300 millions a year. De-
ducting the expenditure occasioned by the war in
the East, which amounted to 1,348 millions, there
will remain, for the second period, 1,060 millions,
of supplementary and extraordinary credits, or
about 130 millions a year. The justice of this
comparison could not be fairly assailed by object-
ing that the extraordinary expenditure of 1840
1841 modified its terms, for, as a compensation,
the occupation of Rome has, from 1851 to 1858,
been an uninterrupted charge on our budgets. The
difference between the two periods is moreover in
favour of the latter. It is partly explained by the
faculty of transfers from one account to another,
which existed from 1853 to 1856.
" Since 1857 the influence of transfers has become li
almost null, because the law of the sth May, 1855,
and the Imperial decree of 10th November, 1856,
again modified the legislation, and decided that from
the Ist January, 1857, the transfer of credits from
one chapter to another should be reserved to cover,
after the first financial year, the insufficient allow-
ances for which it might be necessary to provide.
But this modification is in direct opposition to the
Senatus-Consultum of 25th December, 1852, which
was never favourably viewed by the Council of
State and the Administration of Finance. Their
efforts have always tended to restrict, as far as
possible, the exercise of the right of transfer, and
they have rendered its application well nigh illusory
by limiting it to the last two months of the financial
year. Your Majesty knows that the Budget is not
expended only in the year for which it is voted, and
'that the expenditure may also take place in the
months of January and February of the year fol-
lowing. But, at that epoch, the funds appropriated
to the different services are nearly all completely
exhausted, and scarcely any are disposable when,
according to the new provision of the law, the right
of transfer comes into operation. That was not the
end which the Emperor and the Senate had in
view ; for the President, M. Troplong, had said,
with great justice and authority, that the faculty
of transfers, guarded, however, by rigorous guaran-
tees, was an almost certain means of keeping the
Budget strictly within impassable limits.'
" For my part, I attach the greatest import-
ance to the system of transfers. I see in it the
only practicable and effectual means of securing
the public services in the absence of the Legis-
lative Body, and I think that the use of it must
be re-established, as was decided by the Senatus-
Consultum of the 25th December, 1852. In
fact, let an unforeseen want reveal, in one part of
the service, an insufficiency of any kind, it will be
possible, by means of a transfer, to carry from one
chapter to another the necessary supplement,
leaving it to the Government to regularise that
operation before the Legislative Body, and to have
the funds replaced in the chapter from which they
shall have been taken.

" It was not only the opening of supplementary
credits in the absence of the Chambers which the
transfers would prevent ; it was also the opening
of extraordinary credits. In fact, the most grave
and the most unlooked for circumstances might find
resources in our vast budget, and give the means of
waiting for the meeting of the Legislative Body;
and, moreover, the more unexpected was the cause,
the more readily admitted would be the transfer
which would be made (2). _ _

" The complaints made against the administration

-7.11 A . . At: t. • ,
-

THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, NOV. 15, 1861.