The Sun.
London, England, 1857-04-16 00:00:00

NATURAL RESOURCES OF PBESIA.

The soil and' climate of Persia are only partially
favourable to production, and the country is sub-
ject to (trough's so severe, that when they occur
they are followed by a general famine. The soil
is generally a hard clay, luxuriantly productive
where water can be procured ; but owing to the
scarcity of water, to the unsettled state of the
Governinent, to the oppressive imposts, and fre-
quency of civil wars, there have been times when
hardly a twentieth part of . the land has been
under cultivation. Wheat is the] chief produce;
barley, millet, and oats are also grown, and rice is
produced in large quantities in the province of
blazandera❑. Persia is celebrated for her gardens,
which produce the most esteemed fruits of Europe,
such as the fig, pomegranate, mulberry, almond,
peach, and apricot, which are believed to have been
originally brought from that country. The orange,
the melon (of which there are twenty different
species), baud the quince, are indigenous, and in
perfection. Hemp, tobacco, opium, sesamum,
rhubarb, manna, saffron, cotton, turpentine, mastic,
gums, gall-nuts, are amongst the products of
Persia. Its vines also are excellent, and the silk-
worm is extensively cultivated.
Persia produces, also, the white and black naph-
tha, which was used by the people for lamps before
it became for a time fashionable in England. The
black naphtha is found in Irak Arabi ; but the
more productive fountains are near Kerkook. The
white naphtha': is found floating like a crust on the
surface, of the water, and is of a thicker consistence,
resembling tallow rather than pitch, for which the
black naphtha is the Persian substitute. Its light
is better than that of the black, and its smell less
disagreeable. With this exception the mineral
products of Persia are not of particular value.
Salt is so abundant as to be almost 'valueless.
There are some copper mines in the mountains of
Mazanderan and• Kerman ; and in Adjerbijan there
are mines of iron and silver. Sulphur and nitre are
found.in the mountain of Dentawend, and the tur-
quoise, which is .peculiar ts' Persia, is found in the
mountains of Khorassan ; the best in a mine near
Nuhapore. The marbles of Persia are valuable,
especially the transparent stone called Tabriz mar-
ble, which is produced by the petrifying waters of
a spring near Maragha, the most extraordinary of
I its kind in the world.

The horses are the handsomest, though not the
fleetest, of the East. •The camels of Khorassan are
equal to those of Arabia. Mules are in general
use, and their breed an object of particular atten-
tion. The wild' ass, an animal in every way supe-
rior to ours, larger and amazingly swift of foot, is
an object of chase, and its flesh a delicacy. Cows
and oxen are kept for. agricultural purposes, and
for the dairy, their flesh being eaten only by the
lower classes. The Persian sheep, with its enor-
mous flat tail, 'weighing alone often as much as
301 b., forms, together with their flocks of goats,
the wealth of the wandering tribes. The boar, the
bear,- the lion, tiger, • hyena, jackal, eagle, vulcan,
and falcon, are found iu the southern provinces.
The Caspian cat 'ranges the forests that border on
The antelope,
the Caspain. hare, zebra, fox, and
deer,..ate foundin sufficient abundance for the pur-
poses of the sportsman.—Morning Advertiser.

About 450,000/, out of the late gold arrivals from
Australia was soid to the Bank yesterday, making the
total taken there daring the present week 670,0001.
This, however, still falli short of the amount necessary
to repair the Extraordinary drain of the past fortnight.

MEMBERS RETURNED FOR THE
NEW PARLIAMENT.

The following is a complete list, with the single ex-
ception of the county of Leitrim, of the members re-
turned by the various constituencies, arranged according
to their general political opinions. Radicals are in-
cluded among the Liberals, and the members of the Irish
ndepecdent party are ranked as they usually vote—
w►th the Conservatives :

ENGLISH' AND WELSH BOROUGHS.
Liberals. Conservatives.

ABINGDON.
Mr. J. T. Norris
ANDOVER.
Alderman Cubitt
Mr. Fortescue
ARUNDEL.
Lord E. Howard
ASHBURTON.
Mr. George Moffatt ...
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE.
Mr. C. Hindley...
AYLESBURY.
Mr. Bernard •
Sir R. Bethel
BANBURY.
Mr. Tancred
BARNSTAPLE.
Sir W. Frazer ~,
Mr. Laurie ... ~.
BATH.

Sir A. Elton
Mr. W. Tite
BEAUMARIS.
Mr. W. 0. Stanley ~,
BEDFORD.
Mr. Whitbread ~.
Mr. T. Barnard ~.
BEVERLEY.
Hon. W. J. Denison ...
Mr. Glover ...
BEWI)LE Y.
Sir T. Winnington
BIRMINGHAM.
Mr. Muntz
Mr. Scholefield...
BLACKBURN.
Mr. J. Pilkington
Mr. W. H. Hornby
BODMIN.

0 ~.
1 ~.

1
110

Captain Vivian...
Mr. Wyld
BOLTON.
Capt. Gray
Mr. J. Crook
BOSTON.

0 ••
1

Mr. H. Ingram
Mr. Adams ... ...

BRADFORD.
Mr. Wickham ...
Gen. P. Thompson

BRECON.
Col. Watkins
BRIDGENORTH.
Mr. Whitmore... ...
Mr. Pritchard
BRID GEWATER.
Colonel Tynte
Mr. Kinglake
BRIDPORT.
Mr. Hodgson
Mr. Mitchell
BRIGHTON.
Admiral Pechell
Mr. Coningham
BRISTOL.
Hon. F. Berkeley
Mr. W. Gore Langton_
BUCKINGHAM.
Sir H. Verney
General Hall
BURY.

0
0 ..

Mr. R. N. Phillips
BURY ST. EDMUNDS.
Earl Jermyn ...
Mr. Hardeastle...
CALNE.

Sir W. F. Williams
CAMBRIDGE.
Mr. Macaulay
Mr. A. Steuart...
CAM/MIDGE UNIVERSITY.
Mr. L. Wigram
Hon S. Walpole ...
CANTERBURY.
Mr. Johsiltone
Sir W. Somerville ...
CARDIFF.
Col. Steuart ...
CARDIGAN.
Mr. E. P. Pryso

CARLISLE.
Mr. W. Hodgson
Sir J. Graham
CARMARTHEN.
Mr. D. Morris
CARNARVON.
Mr. Hughes
CHATHAM.
Sir F. Smith
CHELTENHAM.
Capt. B.:,rkeley
CHESTER.
Earl Grosvenor...
Mr. Salisbury ...
CHICHESTER.
Lord H. G. Lennox
Mr. J. A. Smith ...
CHIPPENHAM.
Captsi❑ Bolder°
Mr. It. P. Nisbet
CHRISTCH URCII.
Admiral J. E. Walcott
CIRENCESTER.
Mr. Mullings
Hon. Mr. Bathurst ...
CLITHEROK
Mr. T. Hopwood
COCKERMOUTH,
Mr. John Steel...
Lord Naas ~. ~,
COLCHESTER.
Mr. J. G. Rebow
Mr. Miller ...
COVENTRY.
Right lion. E. Ellice ...
Sir J. Paxton
CRICKLADE.
Mr. Neeld ••• ~.
Mr. A. L. Goddard
DARTMOUTH.
Mr. Caird
DENBIGH DISTRICT.
Mr. Mainwaring

DERBY.
Mr. Bass
Mr, Beale
DEVIZES.
Mr. Taylor
Mr. Griffith
DEVONPORT,
Sir E Perry
' Mr. J. Wilson ...
DORCHESTER.
Mr. R. B. Sheridan
Captain C. Sturt
DOVER.

Mr. R. Osborne
Sir W. Russell
DROITWICH.
Sir J. Pakington
DUDLEY.
Mr H. Sheridan
DURHAM,
Mr. Atherton
Mr. Mowbray
EAST RETFORD,
Viscount Galway
Mr. Foljambo
EVESITAM.
Sir H. Willoughby
Mr. Holland ...
EXETER.
Mr. Divott
Mr. Gard ...
EYE.

Sir E. Kerrison
FALMOUTH.
Mr. S. Gurney
Mr. F. Baring
FINSBURY.
Mr. T. Duncorube
Mr. W. Cox
FLINT.

Sir J. Trauma

FROM E.

Mr. D. Nicoll
GATESHEAD.
Mr. Hutt
GLOUCESTER.

Alderman Sir R. Carden
Mr. Price ... ...
GRANTIIAM.
Mr. W. E. Welby
Hos. F. Tollemacho
GREAT Y..kRSIOUTEI.
Mr. MiCullagis,..
Mr. Watkins
GREEN WICK. ,
Sir W. Codrington
Mr Townsend
GRIMSBY.
Lord Worsley ."
Gin LD FORD.
Mr. D. Mangles ...
Mr. Bovill
HALIFAX.

Mr. F. Crossley
Sir C. Wood
HARWICH.
Mr, I3agshawo
Colonel Warburton
HASTINGS.

1
~.
1

Mr. P. Robertson
Mr. North

0 II••
1

HAVERFORDWEST.
Mr. PhiHipps

HELSTONE.

Mr. Trneman
HEREFORD.
Mr. H. Clifford... •••
Mr. Clive •• • •••
HERTFORD.
Sir M. Farquhar .••
Right Hon. W. Cowper
HIGH WYCOMBE.

1
~,

Sir G. Dashwood
Mr, M. T. Smith
HONITON.

Mr. J. Locke
Major 'Wortley •••
HORSHAM, • • •

Mr. W. R. S. Fitzgerald
HUDDgRSFIELD.
Mr. Ackroyd
HULL.

1 ...

_
Mr. Clay
Lord Ashley
•••
HUNTINGDON.
Major General Peel
Mr. T. Baring ...
IIYTHE.

0 1160
0 ...

Sir J, Ramsden
IPSWICH.

Mr. J. C. Cobbold
Colonel Adair
LEND AL.
Mr, G. C. Glyn
111

1 is.

1 ••• 0
••• •••

Liberals. Conservatives

KIDDERMINSTER.
Mr. Lowe
KNARES BOROUGH.
Mr. Woodd
Mr. Collins ...
LAMBETH.
Mr. Roupell
Mr. Williams ...
Mr. Wilkinson (H.)
LANCASTER.
Mr. Gregson
Mr. Garnett
LAUNCESTON.
Hon. J. Percy
LEEDS.
Right Hon. M. T. Baines
Mr. R. Hall ...
LEICESTER.
Mr. Biggs
Mr. Harris
LEOMINSTER.
Mr. G. Hardy
Mr. Willoughby
LEWES.

0 ... 1
•.•
0 ... 1

1 ... 0
1 ... 4

.• 1 ... 0
•
1 •• 0
...

0 •.. 1
••• ..•

1 ••• 0
0 004 1
••• •••

1 ... 0
••• •••
1 ••. 0
••• ••• •••

0•• • 1
•••
0 011
•••
•• •
1 ... 0

Hon. H. Fitzroy
Hon. W. Brand
LITCHFIELD.,
Lord A. Paget
Viscount Sandon

1 ... 0
1 ••• 0

1 ... e
•••
••• 0 ... 1
•.•

LINCOLN.
Mr. Heneage
Major Sibthorp
LISKEARD.
Mr. Grey
LIVERPOOL,
Mr. Ewart
Mr. Hornig.ll
LONDON, CITY.
Lord J. Russell
Baron Rothschild
SU. J. Duke
Mr. Crawford ...
LUDLOW.
Col. Herbert „.
Mr. Botfield
LYME REGIS.
Colonel Pinney...
LYMINGTON.
Sir J. R. Carnac
Mr. A. Mackinnon
LYNN REGIS.
Lord Stanley
Mr. J. H. Gurney
MACCLESFIELD.
Mr. Brocklehurst
Mr. Egerton ...
MAIDSTONE.
Mr. A. B. Hop.
Mr. Scott ...
MALDON.
Mr. Western
Mr. B. Moore
MALMESBURY.
Mr. T. Luce
MALTON.
Hon. C. Fitzwilliam
Mr. J. Brown ...
MANCHESTER.
Sir J. Potter
Mr. Tnrner
MARLBOROUGH.
Lord E. Bruce
Mr. H. B. Bering ...
MARLOW.
Col. Knox
Col. Williams
MARYLEBONE.
Sir B. Hall
Viscount Ebrington
MERTHYR.
Mr. H. Bruce
MIDHURST-1
Mr S. Warren
MONMOUTH.
Mr. C. Bailey
MONTGOMERY.
Mr. D. Pugh
MORPETH.
Sir G. Grey
NEWARK.

o ... 1
o ... 1

I 0
••• ••• ••• "II

1 0
•• • ... •••
1 ••• •I
••• •••

•.• ... 0 ... 1
1 0
1 ••• 0
... ... 1 ... 0

0 ~
0 ~

Earl of Lincoln
Mr. Handley...
N EWCASTLE-ON-T YNE.
Mr. G. Ridley •••
Mr. T. Headlam
NEWCASTLE-UNDER.LINE.
Mr. W. Jackson
Mr. S. Christy
NEWPORT (ISLE OF WIGHT.)
Captain Mangles
Mr. Buxton
NORTHALLERTON.
Mr. Wrightsoa
NORTHAMPTON.
Mr. V. Smith
Mr. Gilpin
NORWICH.
Viscount Bury._ ...
Mr. Schneider
NOTTINGHAM.
Mr. J. Walter
Mr. C. Paget ...
OLDHAM.
Mr. Cobbettt
Mr. Platt ...
OXFORD, CITY.
Mr. Langston
Mr. Neate . .
OXFORD UNIVERSITY.
Mr. Gladstone ••• •••
Sir W. Heatheota
PEMBROKE.
Sir J. Owen ... ..„
PENRYN.
Mr. Baring
Mr. S. Gurney
PETERBOROUGH.
Hon. G. W. Fitawilliam
Mr. T. Hawkey 994
PETERSFIELD.
Sir W. Joni&
PLYMOUTH.
Mr. Collier
Mr. White •••
PONTEFRACT.
Mr, H. Milnes •••
Mr. Wood
POOLE.

1 •.,

0 001
1 ..4

.., 1
••• 1

Mr. D. Seymour ...
Mr. G. Franklyn
PORTSMOUTH.
Sir J. Elphinstone
Sir F. Baring ...
PRESTON.
Mr. C. Gronfell ... ...
Mr. Cross 0,,
RADNOR
Right Hon. Sir G. C. ',owls ...
READING.
Mr. F. Pigott
Mr. S. Keating ... ...
REIGATE.
Mr. Hackblock...
RETFO RD.
Viscount Galway
Mr. Foljambe
RICHMOND.
Mr. Rich ...
Mr. M. Wry vill •
!UPON.

Mr. Warre
Mr. Greenwood
ROCHDALE.
Sir A. Ramsay...
ROCHESTER.
Mr. P. W. Martin
Sergeant Kinglake
RYE.

Mr. Alex. Mackinnon
SALFORD.

Mr. Massey

SALISBURY.

Major Buckley ...
Mr. Marsh
$A NDWICH.
Lord C. Paget
Mr. Huguessen

SCARBOROUGH.
Sir J. Johnstone
Lord Mulgrave...

SHAFTESBUR.f.
Mr. Glyn
SHEFFIELD.

Mr. Roebuck
Mr. Hadfield

SHOREHAM.
Sir C. Burrell
Lord A. G. Lennox
SHREWSBURY.
Mr. Tomline
Mr. Slancy

SOUTHAMPTON,
Mr. Wilcox ...
Mr. Weguelin
SOUTH SHIELDS.
Mr. Ingham
SOUTHWARK.
Sir C. Napier
Mr. Locko

STAFFORD. •••
Mr. Wise
...
Lord Ingestro
STAMFORD.
Sir F. Thesiger
Lord R. Cecil

ST. IVES.
Mr. 11. Paull

STOCK PORT.
Mr. Kershaw
Mr. J. B. Smith
STOKE-UPON-TRENT.

Mr. J. Ricardo. .. ...
Alderman Copeland ...

STROUD.

Mr. Horsman
Mr. G. P. Scrope

SUNDERLAND.
Mr. G. Hudson
Mr. Fenwick ,
SWANSEA.

Mr. L. Dillwyn
TAMWORTH.
Sir R. Peel ...
Viscount Itaynham
TAUNTON.
Mr. Labouchere
Mr. A. Mills ...

TAVISTOCK.
Hon. G. Byng ...
Mr. Trelawny ...
TEWKESBURY.
Hon. Mr Lygon
Mr. J. Martin ...
THETFORD.

Earl . ofF Baring
..
THIRS K.

Sir W. Oallwey
TIVERTON.
Viscount Palmerston
Mr. J. Heathcoat
TOTNES.

Earl of Gifford
Mr. T. Mills

TOWER HAMLETS.
Mr. Ayrton
Mr. C. Butler

TRURO.

Mr. A. Smith ...
Mr. Williams ...

TYNEMOUTH.
Mr, W. Lindsay H.