The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-26 00:00:00

THEI SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 26, 1861.

THE TRENCH ARMY.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

CAMP OF CHALONS, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 21.
When the French army appeared again on a
European battlefield it excited the astonishment of
the world by proving itself superior to friends and
adversaries. The hasty conclusion of course was
that there is a peculiar aptitude in Frenchmen to
make soldiers. This may or may not be, but it
need come into no account, for there is a simple
reason which is quite sufficient to explain this phe-
nomenon. There is a constant improvement going
on, and every experience is turned into account.
No doubt there is red tape enough in the French
as in any other army, but still somehow or other
the progress takes place. It was the case under the
Orleanists, and has been the case much more under
the present Emperor, who takes great personal in-
terest in the subject and has besides the power of
the "Fiat." Thus, after appearing with the first
iron-clad ships at Kinburn, attention was turned
to the guns, and when most people had scarcely
gone beyond an experiment in the matter, the
French appeared in the Italian war with their
whole field artillery metamorphosed into rifled
guns, which, both in mobility, range, and accuracy,
proved superior to anything until then known, and
have since served as a model to almost all the
armies of the Continent.

The war in Italy seems not to have been los
either. There could be no mistake by any
one who
saw the manoeuvring en corps d' armee this morning.
The first thing which must have struck him is the
change in the uniform, of course decidedly for the
better. The Zouave breeches, the leathern leggings
reaching a little above the white linen gaiter, have
been universally adopted for the infantry soldier.
About the convenience of this there can be no more
question than about the smartness of it. It does
away with braces, which are no small inconvenience
to the heavily laden soldier; it enables the soldier
to lie down and, sleep without being obliged to go
through all kinds of processes, or get up next morn-
ing more tired than ever. The tight legging is a
support to the leg and to the gaiter. I suppose the
white gaiter will be now entirely substituted for the
leathern one. This is an experience which has been
learnt from the Zouaves, who never wear, even in
the muddiest weather, their leathern gaiters, and
scarcely ever are known to be footsore, which is
frequently the case with leathern gaiters. The old
tunic has likewise changed, bat in an opposite di-
rection ; it has taken the shape of the short tunic
of the Chasseurs-a-pied de la Garde. The change
was necessary on account of the first ; it is decidedly
smarter, rather less convenient; but as tunics are
put aside in campaigning, and the greatcoat is
adopted, this does not matter.
Another more important change is the universal
adoption of the rifle. This is since the Italian war,
in which only the Imperial Guard and a certain num-
ber of regiments had it. I cannot say whether it is
of the same pattern as then used, but the arm seems
to me shorter and more handy. Sights are abo-
lished, with the exception of the rifles of the Ct as-
seurs, who keep their old weapon as it was. The
explanation is, that only troops d' elite will use sights
with discrimination, and that one can scarcely rely
on 350,000 men proving so; besides which it is
maintained that the great mass of soldiers will
learn better to use their weapons by practice, like
sportsmen, at different distances, without going
through the double process of first judging the dis-
tances, and then adjusting the sights, which, above
all, under the fire of the enemy requires considerable
sangfroid. Certainly hitherto sights have not proved
themselves practically of much worth, but this is no
reason foi giving up an improvement before it is
proved to be unattainable.
French people are proverbial for their desire to
be consequent—what is called logique. They have
adopted the rifle, and, of course changed their for-
mation, and, more or less, their whole field exercise,
It is the recognition of the maxim that nothing is
perfect in this world, not even the system to which
the French owed so many successes, and that the
the introduction of the rifle must produce a corre-
sponding change in all movements. I suppose this
truth was brought home to the Emperor himself by
personal observation. Anyone knowing the French
regulations on field exercise and seeing the French
army on the battlefields of Italy would have been
almost inclined to doubt that he had a French army
before him. He could find no trace of the wonderfully
pedantic regulations of 1831. It seemed as if every
regiment had adopted more or less its own regula-
tions, the only exception being, perhaps, the Chas-
seurs-a-pied, which had among themselves a certain
family likeness. All the others—lmperial Guard,
Zouaves, the regiments of the line—went on in
their own way, which, in some instances, among the
latter, was no Ns ay at all. A little observation soon
showed me that, by the wars in Africa—the prac-
tical school of the French soldier—a kind of practi-
cal system, based on simple principles suggested by
experience, had developed itself. This development
was most visible in those who had gone longest
through that school, like the Imperial Guard and
the regiments forming the 2d Corps d'Armee, en-
tirely composed of troops coming from the colony,
while the others tried with more or less success to
imitate this example.

Elsewhere the conclusion drawn from this circum-

stance would probably have been that the regula-
tions were not strict enough, and that in future
there ought to be more drilling in order to attain
perfection. Here, on the contrary, it was inferred
that the fault was in the regulations, which were
no longer adapted to the deadly rifle, and that a
system of evolutions based on the musket inoffensive
at 100 yards was scarcely fit in face of a rifle deadly
at ten times that distance. A commission was ap-
pointed to draw up new regulations, and after a
labour of more than a year its project was sanctioned
in February last. It changes the very formation,
which was hitherto the basis of all evolutions. It
was three deep, and has became two deep now.

Which of the two is the better was long contro-

verted, the adversaries of the former arguing the
necessity of the third rank as an element of solidity,
while the supporters of the second insisted on the
uselessness of the third rank for firing, its exposure to
the fire of the enemy, and the benefit which might
be derived from it being used for the prolongation
of the line. The English and Swiss armies were the
only ones who adopted the latter view, and lately
the Sardinian.
Had the French army remained unchanged in its
composition it would have been probably long
before the formation two deep would have been
adopted. But a great modification has been taking
place gradually in this respect ; up to 1848 it was
very rare to find soldiers re enlisting after having
served their time ; now great numbers do it, so that
the proportion of old soldiers is growing at a great
rate. The reason is the advantages offered now
which did not exist before. First, the price of a
remplacant has been raised to 2,000 f. The term of
service entitling a soldier to a pension has been
lowered to 25 years. The pension itself has been
almost doubled ; considering, besides, that every
year's campaigning counts for two years'
after a
service,
and that almost every steady soldier arrives
long service to the rank of non-commissioned officer,
or, at least, gets the inedaille, which gives a pension
of 100 f. ; the soldier has a chance after less than
20 years of service to retire with a competence of
600 to 700 francs a year. Besides this, there 4s the
Imperial Guard, which likewise offers a chance of
bettering the soldier's position.
No wonder that the proportion of old soldier:, is
daily increasing, and, if it continues, it will change
altogether the French army. It is scarcely neces-
sary to say what help this is in the lighter forma-
tion which has now been introduced.
The formation now introduced in the line of battle
is almost identical with that in the English and
Swiss armies; the leading idea,being to supply the
third rank by the serrefiles formed of officers and
sergeants. This, together with the distribution of
the rest of the non-commissioned officers on the
'tanks of the section, keeps the whole together.
It would be of little interest to your readers to go
into details as far as the manoeuvring goes ; the
general character of it may be described as simpli-
fying and accelerating every movement, weeding
out considerably all complicated movements, which
are never possible on the battle-field, and trusting
.. u)ore to the developed intelligence of the men and j

the steadiness of the guides than to the dead accu-
racy of each individual man.
Slow step is altogether done away with, the pas
ordinaire being fixed at 77 to the minute, doable
quick at 110 in a minute, besides which the pas
gymnastique of the Chasseurs has been introduced
in the line, wisely meeting a want which showed
itself every moment. Formerly to get quicker into
pltce the soldier took to irregular running ; now
this running has been regulated.
Indeed, the chief improvement in the new evolu-
tions is the adaptation of many things which were
already in use with the Chasseurs-a-pied. Accord-
ing to the old regulations, light infantry exercise
and skirmishing was properly the duty of the light
infantry regiments, and later, when these were done
away with, of the flank companies. The others,
although now and then put through the move-
ments, were scarcely regularly instructed ; hence
in most cases the soldier had to do it as best he
could. Now almost the identieal movements in
square by the Chasseurs-a-pied have been intro-
duced as part of the education of each individual
soldier ; nay, it forms a prominent part of it.
The formation by fours is the basis of it for all
movements. The group has the name of compagnons
d'urrnes, destined, as they are, to act together.
Minute regulations are laid down, for instance, for
resisting cavalry attacks in groups, but everywhere
these are expressly laid down as rules for general
guidance.

The old complicated formation of squares like-
wise, an offshot of the idea of increased solidity,
has been entirely changed, and the simple square
adopted, with a reserve in the centre to strengthen
where an occasion presents itself.
These are some of the leading features in the
changes effected, and great they certainly are.
Most of the old worn-out hobbies have been de-
stroyed, and a new principle introduced, which had
slipped in, but had not been hitherto recognised
and adopted.
The whole infantry has been engaged in this
labour. The Duke of Magenta had to apply the
new system on a larger scale with the troops in
camp, and he is reputed a hard taskmaster. Since
tha Emperor has arrived there is quite the feeling
of a holyday among the soldiers. Before his arrival
there were six to seven hours of divisional exercise,
four days a week, besides two great field-days on
Mondays and Fridays. Now the divisional exer-
cise are put off more or less, and the field-days
never last more than four or five hours.
Prince Joachim Murat and his children left this
afternoon for Paris, but General Fanti and General
Craufurd are still here.

The Emperor seems to take a delight in being as
much as possible about the camp, driving about,
riding, going to ,he theatre, frequently accom-
panied by the Prince Imperial, who is always seen
at the manoeuvres, riding his pony.
To-morrow there are to be races under the grand
directeur des courses, General Fleury ; on Friday
another great field-day, and on Saturday the depar-
ture of the Emperor. But of course no one can
make conjectures about this, and it is quite possible
that the Emperor will remain till Monday, and
take his leave on Thursday. He looks very well,
and shows no trace of past illness.

AUGUST 22.

As a model for a standing camp, that of Chalons
leaves nothing to desire ; every contrivance has
been adopted to facilitate acmes in that out-of
the•way place, and to provide for the health, com-
fort, and amusement of the soldier. Up to the
time the camp was first established in 1857, the
hamlet of Mourmelon was only connected by a
country road with Chalons, while the old Roman
road, probably unrepaired since the conquerors of
the world left it, served as a means of communica-
tion with Rheims. Now two excellent chausses
have been constructed, mostly by the labour of the
soldiers in camp, besides which a branch railway
from Chalons penetrates into all parts of the camp,
so that all the materiel and stores find an easy way
to the very place of their destination. Now that
a railway net is spread all over Europe, and after
we have seen the important part which this new
agent in warfare played in the Italian campaign, a
practical knowledge of the working of this mode of
transport is by no means to be overlooked, especially
by cavalry, artillery, and engineers. Every one
who saw the awkward manner in which this was
done in the Italian war will readily admit this. I
don't think the subject has been regularly experi-
mented upon, but there are, at any rate, the means
for such experiments. But, in spite of the facilities
offered by the railway, the equipages militaires are
not idle either, and are sent backwards and for-
wards between the camp and the two places in
the neighbourhood. As far as I could see hitherto
horses have been superseded in a great measure, and
mules substituted—strong, sleek animals, evidently
coming from the Alps and Apennines, but whether
they are the remains of the Italian war or acquisi-
tions made in the newly-annexed territory, I cannot
say.

As the camp is distributed at present it can
scarcely be said to occupy a military position. Dis-
posed along the chord of the arc formed by the river
the line faces south, with the artillery arsenal train,
&c., in the right rear on the opposite bank of the
stream, but Head-quarters, which are erected close
to a farm bought by the Emperor, are south of it—
that is, in front of the line. But still further south,
in a depression of the ground, a number of wells in-
dicate the means of forming another line of encamp-
ment, if there were sufficient troops to occupy it.
The village of Mourmelon le Petit and the railway
station border the camp to the west, on its right
flank. The extreme right of the line, leaning on a
windmill, is formed by the Ist brigade of the Ist
division of infantry, commanded by General Comte
de Lorencey. This brigade consists of the 9th Chas-
seurs-à-pied, and the Bth and 30th of the Line. The
second brigade, 41st and 61st Regiments of the line,
is behind, on the opposite side of the river, as a
guard to artillery train, &c. It is commanded by
Gen. Mongin. Leaning on the 30th'come the four
regiments of Lancers, commanded by Gen. Roche-
fort, and behind them the division of Cuirassiers,
the last of whom arrived yesterday from Lune-
ville. All these troops are under canvass—
not the tent d'abri, but the usual square tents,
and a new description of circular tents with an inge-
nious apparatus for ventilation. A ring about seven
inches in diameter forms the top, and is linked to a
circular piece of wood about a third more in dia-
meter, which reposes on the top of the pole support-
ing the tent, but leaving a smaller or larger opening,
by which the foul air can escape. Whoever has
been in warm weather in a tent will appreciate this
contrivance. Another improvement in these tents
is their greater Width in comparison with their
height, which enables them far better to resist gusts
of wind. The Roman road coming from the point
where head-quarters are intersects this part of the
line, besides which the road from Mourmelon le
Petit to Mourmelon le Grand runs behind it along
the left bank of the stream.

The centre, with the exception of the 98th, which
is housed in four " quartiers" of huts, is composed
of the 10th Chasseurs, 82d, 83d (Ist Brigade), and
the 89th 98th of the Line (2d Brigade). The divi-
sion is commanded by General Mollard, a Savoyard,
who commanded the 3d Sardinian division
during the war, and as such directed in a great
measure the attack on San Martino. The generals
of brigade are De Bonnet-Maurchlau-Pelhes and
Do Laveaucoupt. The road from Chalons goes
right through this part of the camp to the village
of Mourruelon le Grand, which lies behind. The 3d
Division, commanded by Gen. Verge (in the war of
Italy commanding the Ist brigade of the Ist divi-
sion 3d corps donne(?), is composed of the 18th
Battalion (Masseurs-a-pied, 72d and 75th of the
Line (Ist Brigade-General Neigre), and the 99th
and 103 d (Savoyard), forming the 2d Brigade, under
Gen. Guerin, The 31 Division is, like the first, under
canvass.
The huts are constructed of wooden frames filled
out with brickwork, designated first with letters to
indicate the quarters and then with numbers so as
to point out the hut. Each quartier, consisting of
double rows of huts and intended more or less for a
regiment, is separated by a broad road bordered by
embryo poplar trees. Behind each quartier lie offi-
cers' quarters. Each but is partitioned off into two,
about one-fourth for the non-commissioned officers
and the rest for the men, In one word, it is a bat-

rack all over again, only healthier because not so
crowded, and with good ventilation from large win-
dows about 12 feet from the ground.

On the high and dry plateau it is not very diffi-
cult to make arrangements for cleanliness, and they
are well cared for, for in spite of the heat there is
no smell in the camp, which in this respect con-
trasts favourably with the villages behind,—another
Kamiesch, with its sutlers, hotels, &c., only built
of stone and sun-dried chalk bricks, instead of wood.
Just now, from the presence of the Empeior, which
attracts numerous visitors, they are in the height
of the season. Omnibuses are traversing them in all
directions to pick up sightseers, and carry them to
the railway station. Last year a train left Chalons
at 6 a.m., which enabled people to come over and see
the manoeuvres without having to pass a night. This
year—l don't know why—this plan has been aban-
doned. Possibly it is to protect the industry of hotel-
keepers, who, it need scarcely be said, make the most
of the occasion. For the afternoon and even-
ings all kinds of cafes Chantant and not chantant,
a theatre, jeux de quille, alias bawling-greens, &c.,
are provided. An enterprising individual of tyran-
nical disposition has established a livery-stable,
composed of a number of vehicles on two and four
wheels, together with a number of broken-down
chargers, iformerly belonging to a regiment of
Chasseurs in garrison at Chalons, and now doing
duty indiscriminately in their old character or as
carriage horses at the rate of 3f. and more per hour.
The camp, which is now regulated like a garrison,
was not Always so, if tradition is to be trusted ; espe-
cially the first Sear, 1857, called " l'annee de la
garde," must have been rather boisterous. It was
found difficult to keep the men in camp. Its ne
decouchaient pas mal is the expression. To the
great distress of the neighbourhood, not a fowl,
potato, cabbage, or fruit was safe from them. Now
all this is changed, and rigid discipline observed.
With no small amount of labour kitchen gardens
have been planted in neighbourhood of the huts,
and there is not one regiment, with the exception
of the Cuirassiers, lately arrived, which has not
plots of grass and flowers painfully raised to orna-
ment the entourage of the tents.
In another respect, likewise, great improvements
have been made—namely, in the water. In 1857,
when the camp was improvised, shallow wells were
the only source of supply, the streams being useless
except for washing. The shallow wells dried out,
and great illness among the troops was the conse-
quence. The water had to be brought from Chalons
for some time. Now there is plenty of fresh water
from deep wells, rather impregnated with chalk,
but not unhealthy.
That all this should cost money, and much money,
is natural. First there was the purchase of the
ground, 12,000 hectares, which belonged to pri-
vate persons, mostly small proprietors. Then there
was the building of the huts, which were contractors'
' work; then 25 kilometres of railway, with some
heavy cuttings and several bridges ; then the roads,
wells, &c. All this was on public grounds, and
out of public funds. But the Emperor himself has
invested a good deal of money out of the Civil List.

He has bought large plots of ground, has
erected not less than nine farms on what
was a steppe before. Buildings had to be con-
structed, stock provided, and labour and manure,
without which nothing grows in these parts. Of
course for the first year the return was nil, and
even now the remaining oats and clover have a
very poor appearance.
All this taken together has made the camp a
source of life to this deserted district, and this
source is contributing daily to extend cultivation.
This afternoon the races and a carrousel are to
take place.
To-morrow, it seems, there is to be no manoeuvre,

but great review, marching past, and distribution of
crosses and medals, all of which seem to indicate
that the Emperor will adhere to his original plan
of leaving on the 24th.

RAILWAY S AND PUBLIC COMPANIES.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

The report of the directors states that the receipts
for the half-year ending the 30th June last amount
to £668,752, for the corresponding half of 1860, to
£681,562, and for the same half of 1859 to £651,402,
while the total expenses had been £330,536,
£323,352, and £297,725 respectively. The revenue
account for the half year exhibits a decrease of
£11,177; the receipts being £638,730 as against
£649,907 for the corresponding period of 1860. The
falling off in receipts is mainly in the cattle traffic.
To the last very unfavourable harvest and its conse-
quences, is ascribed the decrease in the traffic of the
railway, which is mainly supported from agricul-
tural products. The expenditure on capital account
during the half-year in respect of new works and
increased accommodation to stations amounts to
£8,536. The sum of £61,058 has been charged
to capital in respect of engines, carriages, waggons
and breakvans added to the rolling stock,
exclusive of the further addition of £50,962,
which will be charged to the capital account of
the ensuing half-year, having been ordered in anti-
cipation of the exhibition of 1862, and also a sum of
£2,900 for new cart and waggon stock, nothing
having been charged to that account since the year
1853. The sum available for dividend as regards
the Eastern Counties Cornpanyamounts to £198,133,
out of which £146,370 has been deducted for inte-
rest on guarantees and loans, leaving £51,763. To
this is added £5,620, brought from the preceding
account, making £57,383- From this is deducted
£3,000 on account of deferred permanent way ac-
count, leaving £54,383, out of which the directors
have declared a dividend of 16s. 3d. per cent. for
the half-year, being after the rate of £1 12s. 6d. per
cent. per annum on the ordinary share capital of the
company, which will absorb £47,398, leaving a
balance of £6,984 for the next half-year. The work-
ing expenses for the half-year are £49 18s. per
cent. as against £47 10s. per cent. for the corres-
ponding period of 1860. The permanent way and
works continue to be maiotaiued in the most effici-
ent manner. The expenditure on this account out of
revenue has been during the past half-year £47,185,
being an increase over the corresponding period of
1860 of 3,011. The portion of the line between Strat-
ford and Colchester, haying been laid upwards of 20
years, is now being completely renewed, on account
of which £34,000 has been expended during the
half-year, of which sum the directors think that
£18,005 is a proper charge to be borne by the
revenue of the half-year, the remaining sum of
£15,995, together with the sum expected to be spent
on that account during the continuance of the sum-
mer, will leave a like sure of about £lB,OOO to be
charged in the next half-year's account. The
strictest attention is paid to the maintenance of the
plant in the locomotive department in a state of effi-
ciency. The company was successful in obtaining
the sanction of Parliament to the bill introduced by
them for extending the existing railway at Sudbury
to Bury St. Edmund's and to Cambridge. Parlia-
ment has given itstanction to the proposed new line
from Bishop's Stortford to Braintree, and to the
bill for the completion of the Ware, Hadham,
and Bunting ford Railway. The directors, there-
fore, are sanguine in their expectation that no fur-
ther attempts will be made to interfere with the
district traversed by the lines of the associated com-
panies, as they will now be sufficiently accommo-
dated. It is proposed to construct a line of railway
for the carriage of coals from the northern coalfields
to London by a junction with the Eastern Counties
in the neighbourhood of March. The directors think
it right to remind the shareholders that a line via
Cambridge offers the best route to the north-eastern
districts, the whole with a slight exception forming
a dead level from Darlington to London. The pro-
moters of the proposed scheme consider that as it
will not be necessary that the trains should travel
at a greater speed than from 12 to 15 miles per hour,
coals and minerals can be conveyed with profit at a
very small rate, so as to compete with the sea-
borne coal. The total quantity of coal brought to
London from the northern districts amounts
annually to about 4,000,000 of tons, and if one-
fourth of this quantity was conveyed by the pro-
posed route, a return of upwards of 5 per cent.
would be secured to theeharcholders upon the capi-
tal required to be outlaid. As it is proposed not to
approach any town so near as to enhance the value
of the land required for the railway, it is estimated
that the entire cost will net exceed £lO,OOO per
imleilter,airnecl:lug
eddin
upon the new line would be about 95
miles, a capital of
rolling stock, and as the distance to
£1,000,000 would he sufficient
for the purpose. The proposed route to London
will embrace the use of 88 miles of the railways of
the associated companies, and the tolls, it is esti-
mated,ooo to i
will produce an annual receipt of from
any withoutyo ut
loutlay
to
imposing
on
accommodate thethis
asso-
ciated companies
traffic. Under these circumstances the directors have
felt it to be their duty to give this measure their
cordial support. The directors are co-operating
with the Norfolk and Eastern Union companies in
the necessary arrangements, and with every pros-
pect of au amicable settlement of the terms upon
which Oat amalgaraaticm is to be offered. The period

is drawing nigh when there will be a fusion of
interests by the amalgamation, and the directors
expect that the entire concern may then be con-
ducted with greater benefit to the proprietors and
more advantage to the public.

LONDON, CHATHAM, AND DOVER.
The directors in their report congratulate the
proprietors on the very rapid increase which has
taken place in the traffic of the line, more especially
since the opening to Dover. For the concluding
three weeks of the past half-year ending on the
30th of June the traffic was at the rate of £24 per
mile per week ; for the following three weeks, being
the first three weeks of the current half-year, the
receipts averaged £3l per mile per week ; and for
the next three weeks, being the first after the open-
ing to Dover, £35 per mile per week, and the re-
ceipts for the last week show a further increase.
This increase is derived almost exclusively from
passenger traffic, the company's goods station at
Battersea not being as yet completed. The company
have continued to suffer from the want of locomo-

tive power, owing to the non-delivery of their or-
ders by the manufacturers, The directors, how-
ever, consider that this difficulty is now nearly at
an end. The company have also suffered much from
the want of carriages, but this difficulty is becom-
ing daily less formidable. Messrs. Peto and Betts
are constructing a goods station for the company at
Battersea, adjoining the Wandsworth-road, the
present accommodation for the goods traffic being
extremely limited. This will be completed in two
or three weeks, when a large amount of additional
traffic will at once be brought upon the line. The
permanent station at Victoria-street is progressing,
and will be completed by April next. Two of
the company's steamers have been launched and are
being fitted with their engines. By the time they
are finished the line to Dover harbour will also be
completed, when a large portion of the Continental
traffic may be expected to fall to the share of the
company. The works on the Metropolitan Exten
sion lines are being carried on with unexampled
vigour. It is expected that the lines will be
opened between the Victoria station and the Ele-
phant and Castle and the Victoria station and
Dulwich early in the spring of next year, so as to
be in time for the traffic of the Great Exhibition.
The populous districts about Newington, Kenning-
ton, Camberwell,Clapham, Brixton, Stockwell, and
Dulwich will thus be brought into direct communi-
cation with the company's system of railways. By
the Deviations Bill the company have obtained the
last link which was wanting to complete the inde-
pendent through line between London and
Dover. Parliament has also inserted clauses in that
bill with the view of securing the proper regula-
tion of the traffic over the line of the Crays Com-
pany so long as it remains in the hands of the
South-Eastern Company. The Margate Company
have succeeded in obtaining powers to extend their
line to Ramsgate, with a station contiguous to the
harbour at that port.
The capital account of the East Kent line and
Dover extension shows that £1 916,146 had been
received and £1,819,494 expended, leaving a balance
of £96,652. The capital account of the Western
Extension shows that £520,000 had been received
and £601,317 expended, leaving a balance against
the account of £81,317. The capital account of the
Metropolitan Extension shows that £1,108,725 had
been received and £620,038 expended, leaving a
balance of £488,687. The revenue account of the
line from London to Canterbury for the half-year
ending the 30th of June shows that £32,997 had
been received and £31,199 expended, including
£4,555 tolls to other companies, leaving a balance
of £1,202 against the company.