The Sun.
London, England, 1859-08-27 00:00:00

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 27.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
81—highest since noon yesterday.
85—lowest this morning and during the night.
73—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.90, rising.

WIND, Westerly ; light, with very fine weather,

at two in the morning of the second De-
cember which he was playing at while
the Republic was writhing in ccnyulsions
under the fury of its brave defenders ?
M. de MoRNY was cool and indifferent, then to the
shrieks of French liberty: he would be equally cool
but infinitely glad to witness the downfall of
English independence. Let him wait a bit : he prc-
t ests overmuch, but we are wide awake now !

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 12h. 44m.Afternoon, lh. 12m,
To-MORROW-Morning, lh. 37m.—Afternoon, 2h. Om.

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THE SUN.

So—the first step has been taken towards the
revision of our National Defences. The Royal Corn-
mission has been duly announced in the London
Gazette of last evening. The Royal Commissioners

are. now formally appointed by the Sovereign.
Their powers are specified as clearly and catego-
rically as their names are enumerated. General

Sir HARRY JONES, General DLINCAN CAMERON.
Admiral GEORGE ELLIOT, General Sir FREDERICK
ABBOTT, Captain ASTLEY KEY, R.N., Colonel JOHN

SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1859.

LEFROY, RA., and Mr. JAMES FERGIISSON—seven

n all, four military, two naval, and one civilian,

are the " trusty and well-beloved" her MAJESTY'S
Royal Commissioners. The Secretary of the Com-

mission being another " trurty and well-beloved,"
DRUMMOND JERITOIS, Major in the Army and Cap-
tain in the Royal Engineers. The selection, alto-

gether, appears to be in every respect very judicious.

As a matter of course there is an ELLIOT even
in this brief list of seven—muffs cela va sans dire.

Perhaps the Commissioners will be none the worse
for it. Not because we having any, the smallest,

faith whatever in the right divine of the great old
Whig Families to conduct inquiries, or to govern
dependencies of the Crown, or to preside over de-
partments of the Government better than anybody
else in the three kingdoms. But just simply be-
cause, at the present moment, the favoured scions
of those great houses are in a manner put upon
their metal really to work as well as they possibly
can—the attention of the whole community being
jealously directed to their every official move-

ment. Wherefore, we are not disposed to
grumble for one instant at the choice
made in this or in any other instance—
though at the same time we are ready to acknow-

ledge our regret that circumstances have tended to
preclude a man like Sir JOHN BURGOYNE from
taking a conspicuous, if not the principal part, in
the labours of the Royal Commission:,
The motives which have led to the appoint-
ment of this commi,sion are succinctly at d
yet comprehensively stated in that one single
paragraph in the Gazette of yesterday :
" Whereas, we have thought it expedient,
for divers good causes and considerations
that a Commission should forthwith issue that
inquiries may be made by our Commissioners
into the present state, condition, and sufficiency, of
the fortifications existing for the defence of our

United Kingdom, and of examining into all works
at present in progress, for the improvement there-
of, and for considering the most effectual means of
rendering the same complete, especially all such
works of defence as are intended for the protection
of our Royal arsenals and dockyards, in case of
any hostile attack being made by foreign enemies
both by sea and land." Exception cannot be
taken by any foreign Power whatsoever to works
so purely, so necessarily, and exclusively defensive
in their character. Whatever feelings may be
provoked against Belgium beyond the frontier of
that little third-rate kingdom by the
late vote of the Assembly at Brussels
for the extension and general improvement of the
Antwerp fortifications—England is too powerful
and gigantic to have her defensive operations
caviled at by any state or states in the length and
breadth of Christendom. The very particularity of
the wording of the important document nominating
the Seven Commissioners, and their Secretary—em-
powering them to act, to inquire, and to advise—
shows as plainly as anything can shew it
that the project, as its very title implies,
is simply the institution of an earnest scru-
tiny into the state of our Coast Defences.
None, not the most thin-skinned foreign ruler, can
in reason take umbrage at such proceedings
Scarcely would it be decorous even in France to
view the project as otherwise than perfectly com-
patible with the integrity of the alliance between
the two countries—France, whose magnificent cele-
bration of the completion of her stupendous works
at Cherbourg was graced by the presence of the
Royal Lady who nominates the members of
this Commission. Let our gallant neighbours,
then, bear in mind that upon the opening
of those grand defensive works at Cherbourg,
two or three years ago, by her own imperial chief'
there by his side, as he passed among the com-
pleted Cherbourg fortifications, was " VICTORIA,
by the grace of GOD, of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the
Faith"—the same august lady who now tells her
royal commissioners—" For the better enabling you
to carry these our royal intentions into effect, we do
hereby authorise and empower you, or any five or
more of you, to call for, have access to, and exa-
mine all plans, designs, estimates, and contracts for
all works of defence now in progress or under our
consideration, or any other plans or designs that
may be laid before you for the same object."
Adding—" And we do give and grant to you, or
any five or more of you, full power and authority to
call before you such persons in our civil, military,
or naval services as you shall judge likely to afford
you the best and fullest information upon the subject
of this our commission, and to inquire of and
concerning the premises by all other law-
ful ways and means whatsoever." To the
regal injunctions afterwards contained in the
document published in another part of our columns
we would add yet another, a popular, a national, an
universal injunction—one breathed at this moment
by many millions of our population. A recommen-
dation to the Royal Commissioners that in the
conduct of their inquiries they should act with
speed though without precipitation. Their motto
might not inaptly be those familiar words of
SHAKSPERE—" If 'twere done, 'twere well 'twere
done quickly." Let them act with skilled promp-
titude, though at the same time with watchful
precision.

The fate of Italy still hangs in the balance. If
the people were left to themselves all would be
well, and time alone would consolidate their free-
dom. But from the first we had sad doubts of
the integrity with which their cause was espoused.
There was the mark of the cloven foot but half veiled
from public observation. There was a secresy in
reserve for after development, and that secresy is
now being stealthily unfolded. About two months
ago—just before the battle of Solferino—we hinted
that there seemed to be a screw loose about the
movements, or rather the long delays, of Prince
NAPOLEON in and about Florence. That portion
of the army which he commlnded was much
wanted on the right of the Grand Army in
the neighbourhood of Mantua, but there were
few signs of its coming. The fact was, as we sus-
pected, Prince NAPOLEON was paying his fervent
addresses to the Tuscans by every manceuvro pos-
sible with a keen eye to hereafter. And now the
murder seems to ooze out, for not only had one spy
been sent to sound th? feelings of the Tuscans, but
another and a higher has followed in the same vein.
It is said that the Emperor NAPOLEON has set his
face against all sort of machinations for influencing
the Tuscans to vote for, and to invite the husband
of the King of SARDINIA'S daughter to become the
Grand Duke or King of Florence; and yet they
are expected, nay, gently urged and affectionately
pehuaded to exchange the exiled Duke for the
Imperial Prince!

Now, this seems to be but the beginning of the end.
Austria will not be permitted to interfere for the
Dukes, nor will France either. And yet—the
people, almost frantic with joy, and shedding tears
in etch other's embrace on the recovery of their
freedom—will not be allowed to exercise their in-
dependence. No—not they. They may play at
liberty for a while, but by-and-bye the stern behest
of a stronger power will cast a gloom over their
ecstatic delirium. What the end will be time must
proVe. Perhaps a war more determined and far
more general, and, certainly, more concluive than
the last.

M. DE MORNY, the grand millionaire of the
Bourse, has beeri lecturing on the utter
absurdity of the English Government being at
length in real earnest in their wishes to
complete the defences of the nation. He
considers such a folly as an insult to France
—or rather as an evidence of suspicion that
any plans are secretly being carried on against the
peace of Europe by the Emperor NAPOLEON. M.
DE MORNY may harangue to his heart's content,
and affect to believe what he says ; but for our
part we will just trust him and his sayings after
we are perfectly prepared against his doings, or
those of his master.

The following is M. DE MORICY'S speech :

"You have participated, gentlemen, in the enthusiasm
excited by our victories, you have shared in the unanimous
gratitude of France for the great moderation of the Em-
peror. But you find it difficult to understand how his
Majesty's evident desire to prevent a European conflagra-
tion can have caused in England the newspaper articles,
the Parliamentary speeches, and the warlike preparations
of which so much has been said. You know, without
doubt, by means of what logic the English explain their
apprehensions. They say, Our press is f
ree--the French
press is not so ; therefore insults have not the same import-
ance in one as in the other.' That is quite an error. There
are in France no means of preventing a journal from pub-
lishing what seems to it right—the Government is only
armed against the press with the power of warning and of
suspension, which are repressive measures. The English
add, ' The Emperor retains at the bottom of his heart the
desire to avenge Waterloo and St. Helena ; he only con-
cluded peace with the Emperor of Russia in order to make
him an ally ; he has been generous to the Emperor of Austria
only to make afriend of him also; and with that double alli-
ance he intends to attack England.' Ido not think it inop-
portune to tell you what I think on that subject. We live
at a period when the hatreds of castes and families
have succumbed from the increased mildness of manners,
and at which national hatred and prejndice have been
effaced by civilisation. The new generations have some-
thing else to do than to avenge the past ; they are too en-
lightened to act on any other motive than' the interest of
the present and the future. The Emperor and the present
generation of Frenchmen are not those of whom it can Le
said, They have learned nothing and forgotten nothing.'
All this is very fine for what it is worth. Let

That latest, as it is also about the greatest,
among the Wonders of the World—the 'Great
Eastern, the Mammoth Ship. the Leviathan—to-
day closes her career as a mere exhibition. Already,
how,,ver, simply as a spectacle opened to public
admiration, the glorious monster has realised in
this way, by an accumulation of small fees,
upwards of £4,000 sterling. For the purposes
of sight-seeing, however, her day ends with
this present Saturday. Her momentous trial trip
is before her almost immediatc.ly. She is to
quit her moorings (for the first time since her
launch) upon the 3d of September. Upon the
morning of which day she will be towed down the
river means of four tugs—two ahead and two
astern. Off the Nore her coaling wilt take place,
stern. by
bringing her down more than ten feet deeper than
she is at present—the coaling being conductei with
such speed by means of the steam cranes
that it is calculated that within forty-eight hours
10,000 tons can be stowed away in appropriate
L compartments. Those who, like ourselves, have

those believe it_ who may. But we entertain
grave doubts —no, not doubts, but stern con-
victions. Let M. DE MoRNY speak : we ;will
aet. Does he remember the game at cards

LATEST NEWS.

visited this marvel of the deep can alone realise the
beauty, the completeness, and the grandeur of the
whole desigm. The magnitude of the dimensions
of the Great Eastern may be pictured to the mind's
eye, however, by the array of figures marking her
stupendous proportions. As one of the most
striking illustrations of the great bulk of the vessel,
take the fact, most recently specified, namely, that
with all sails spread the leviathan will open
to the winds of heaven nearly five thousand square
feet of canvas--sails of such capacity that it is
estimated that, with a moderately strong breeze
upon the quarter, the Great Eastern could be
driven onwards by the winds alone at the rate of
fifteen knots an hour at the lowest computation.
Perhaps more wonderful, however, than the
enormous dimensions of this superb vessel, are the
exquisitely delicate and finished completeness
of its arrangements. Of which, assuredly, no
more remarkable evidence could possibly be ad-
duced than that afforded by the adaptation here of
the admirable invention contrived by Mr. LANG-
LEY, the shipbuilder of Deptford. A contrivance
so applied to the steering of the Great Eastern
that we are told—" By means of this, Captain
HARRISON, or the officer of the watch on the
bridge, will be enabled to steer the ship by a signal
indicator with as much certainty as if he guided
the wheel himself. A small illuminated dial, with
a moveable index, is fixed on the bridge, in front
of the officer of the watch, and connected with an-
other of the same description in front of the men at
the helm. Moving the index finger of the machine
on the bridge to port or starboard moves the index
of the machine before the helm at the same time,
so that not a second is lost in putting the helm hard
up or down. In the same manner the rudder itself
is connected with another small dial before the
helmsmen, which tells by its index that they have
exactly obeyed orders, while this again communi-
cating with a similar machine on the bridge shows
the officer of the watch the instant -his commands
are executed. The movements of the latter dial
being, of course, regulated by those of the rudder,
the officer on duty has always the helm, as it were,
under his eye, and can detect if the men suffer the
vessel to deviate a quarter of a point from her course
even for a second. The apparatus, moreover, pos-
sesses another advantage, and that is, that simply
moving over the index finger to hard aport opens
up two red lights on the port side, and by turning
it to starboard a double green one is similarly dis-
played. Thus small vessels are afforded every faci-
lity for getting out of the monster's way in her im-
petuous rush over the deep." An arrangement, this
last, of no small consideration to all the lesser craft
(large and small) afloat—bearing in mind what
would be the farce of this moving mountain, whose
motto might well be the 011 battle-cry of the Innis-
killeners—Faugh na Ballayh ! Whenever the day
dawns when the Great Eastern shall take her de-
parture for the first time from these shores, who is
there that will not wish her a heartfelt God-speed
across the waters of the Atlantic

STATUE OF THE LATE GENERAL

SIR JOHN NEILL.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

TRIESTE, AUG. 25.

The Austrian frigate Novara has arrived here, in
company of the Austrian squadron, with the yacht
of the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian at their
head. She was received with salutes fired from
the fort.

BERNE, AUG. 25.

A great activity is to be seen among the Plenipo-
tentiaries, and there is a constant arrival and de-
parturelof couriers. M. de Caumont Laforce has
been recalled by telegraph. The health of Count
Colloredo is completely restored.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY.

The Afessager de Bayonne mentions the follow-
ing incident which took place during the recent
visit of their Majesties at Tarbes :
The Empress on going to the salle d'aisle would
have no escort, and the EmperGf in proceeding to
the breeding stud also dispensed with all ceremony.
His Majesty drove two beautiful little ponies of
M. Fould, having with him the Minister and the
Marquis de Toulongeon, his aide-de-camp. When
their Majesties, who had met at the cathedral,
were about to leave that building, the crowd which
had collected round it was so dense that the Em-
peror and Empress could not pass, and the Em-
peror with a laugh said that t at present he was
certainly made prisoner.' This gracious observation
drew forth a loud cry oft Vive l'Empereurr I' Vive

l'lmperatrice !' "
" The Prince Imperial, who continues to enjoy
excellent health," says a letter from Biarritz, "rides
out ou the beach on a little pony given him by the
Queen of England. He is always watched with
great interest by the numerous persons who always
assemble near the spot."

The following are the terms in which the Minister
of the Interior has announced to the prefects and
sub .prefects the approaching return of soldiers to
their homes :

" PARIS, 24th.

" The Emperor having ordered that the army
shall be reduced from a war-footing to a peace one,
the marshal, Minister of War, by a circular of the
22d, has prescribed the sending immediately to
their homes, by anticipation, the soldiers now in
active service whose term of service would expire
at the end of the present year."
At six o'clock yesterday morning the thermo-
meter of M. Chevallier stood at 17 5-10ths centi-
grade (631 Fahr.) ; noon, 30 4-10ths centigrade
(83 2-3ds Fahr.) ; and at two o'clock, 32 6-10ths
centigrade (90 2.3ds Fahr.)
Marshal Neil, to whom the public is indebted for
an account of the siege of Sebastopol, is said to be
preparing a work on the late campaign in Italy.
An unsuccessful attempt has been made to place
the town of Rimini under the Papal authority, but
the people drove out the Swiss soldiery and re-
mained masters of the place.
_

The Sultan's state is-said to be alarming, and re-
ports of his death are in circulation.
The elections for Bologna are fixed for the 28th.
They will be almost unanimous in favour of Italian
liberty.
The Debats contains a long article on the at-
tempt made by some persons in Savoy to effect the
separation of that province from Piedmont and to
annex it to France. The following is an extract :
" Since the revolutionary parties on both sides excite the
populations of Savoy to separate, we must believe that there
is between the two countries some real cause of repulsion.
That is not a reason why their union should not be main-
tained, for, all things considered,.it is useful to both, and it
is probably what best suits Savoy. But the union should
not be all to the advantage of Piedmont, and all to the
charge of Savoy, for it is just that the good and the bad
should be equally divided between the two countries, and
in case of doubt the balance ought to incline towards
Savoy, which is the weakest. But the Sardinian Govern-
ment seems to feel sore at the attempt made by only a
limited number of individuals. What makes us believe it
is that the Sardinian Government persists in maintaining
the exceptional regime created by the law of the 28th of
April for the time the war should last, and which ought to
have ceased at the moment the preliminaries of the peace of
Villafranca were signed. This regime takes from Savoy the
guarantees which liberty, properly understood, would give
her, for it is for the weak that liberty is desirable—the strong
and the powerful willingly do without it. The question of
separation, in ouropinion, so inopportunely raised, and with-
out any chance of success, amongst the people of Savoy, has
caused the Sardinian Government to adopt some measures
which its friends have seen with pain. The Ministry has
just suspended three newspapers without waiting for them
to be tried by the courts, and two of them are of Savoy.
The Sardinian Government during the last ten years
adopted a system which succeeded, and of which it is now
reaping the recompense. We should see it with regret
persist in a very different path, which cannot fail to be
fatal to it, and in which it will very soon compromise the
just influence it has gained over the population of Italy."
The following are the loans at present required
by the Governments of the Duchies in Italy :
Tuscany, 12,000,000 fr. ; Modena, 5,000,000 fr.; and
Parma, 3,000,000 fr. The city of Bologna has also
been authorised to raise a som of 6,000,000 fr.
Count de Morny, as President of the General
Council of the Department of the Drome, has deli-
vered an address, which will be read with much
interest in England :

Yesterday a duplicate copy of the statue of this
gallant and lamented officer was successfully cast at
the statue foundry of Messrs. Robinson and Cottam,
Pimlico. The one which has been already executed
is for erection in the town of Ayr, Sir John Neill's
native place ; that cast yesterday is destined for
Madras. Both are of
.heroic size, and represent
General Neill in the dress which he wore when he
received his mortal wound at the gate of Lucknow,
when he, with Havelock, made his second and suc-
cessful effort to relieve the heroic little garrison of
that city. The statue is said to possess all that
strong individuality of resemblance, with the bold-
ness of attitude and outline which are so charac-
teristic of Mr. Noble's works. The pose is at
once dignified and commanding, and without any of
that straining after effect which so cf ten mars the
beauty of these public memorials. The whole figure
impresses the spectator as being a natural and dig-
nified likeness of one of our most gallant soldiers.
One arm rests easily upon the handle of the sword,
while the other extended in the act of directing the
execution of so:: e order, harmonizes well with the
reserved though firm and most energetic expression
of the features. At the foot of the figure in the
background is a broken cannon, which the military
cloak of the General just touches in easy folds.
More towards the front, on the ground, is one of the
light pith helmits in general wear among the officers
in India. These slight accessories aid the general
effect, without at all distracting the attention from the
figure itself. Both the statue at Madras and that at
Ayr will be placed on pedestals of granite, with a small
bas-relief in front, representing in detail the rapid
advance of the succouring army upon the principal
gate of Lucknow a few minutes before General
Neill was shot dead. Beneath this plaque the fol-
lowing inscription is intended to be placed :
" James George Smith Neill, C. 8., Aide-de-Camp
to the Queen, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Madras
Army, Brigadier-General in India, a brave, reso-
lute, and self-reliant soldier, universally acknow-
ledged as the first who stemmed the torrent of re-
bellion in Bengal. He fell gloriously at the relief
of Lucknow, 25th September, 1857, aged 47." At
the back of the pedestal will be cut, " Erected by
public subscription, 1859." The cast of the Madras
figure was made yesterday with the same rapidity,
and, as far as could then be judged, with the same
success which has always distinguished the works
at this foundry. Both figures are well calculated
to maintain the reputation which Mr. Noble has
already achieved.

" You have participated, gentlemen, in the enthusiasm
excited by our victories, you have shared in the unanimous
gratitude of France for the great moderation of the Emperor.
But you find it difficult to understand how his Majesty's
evident desire to prevent a European conflagration can
have caused in England the newspaper articles, the Parlia-
mentary speeches, and the warlike preparations, of which
so much has been said. You know, without doubt, by
means of what logic the English explain their apprehen-
sions. They say, Our press is free—the French press is
not so ; therefore insults have not the same importance in
one as in the other.' That is quite an error. There are in
France no means of preventing a journal from publishing

The Countess de Montijo, mother of the Empress
has arrived in Paris.

The Ocean Queen, from New York, has brought
£300,00e, of which about a third is for England, and is
chiefly composed of Mexican dollars. The gold, about
£20,000, goes abroad.
MANILLA.—The American ship, Juan Fernandez,
which sailed from Manilla for Boston on the 9th of June,
struck on the Apo shoal, S.W. of Mindors, on the 15th.
She backed off shortly afterwards, and foundered on the
13th inst., when on her way back to Manila.
MADAME GOLDSCHMIDT'S CONCERTS IN DUBLIN.
—Mr. Nimmo (Mr. Mitchell's acting manager), so well
known there in connection with the visit of the Christy's
Minstrels, has arrived in town, and is making rapid prepa-
rations for the appearance of the above gifted lady on the
27th and 28th Sept. The tickets for the oratorio are nearly
all taken, although at the high premium of a guiiea.
ELECTION EXPENSES.—The election auditor's re-
turn of the -expenses, incurred by the Hon. Fitzpatrick
Vernon, the unsuccessful Liberal candidate at the late con-
test for North Northamptonshire, shows that the convey-
ance of voters cost £ll3 13s. ld. , printing, stationery, &c.,
£B6 19s. 10d. ; committee rooms and hotel bills, £53 7s. ;
agency, £335 9s. 2d. ; official charges, £136 2s. Bd. ; election
auditor's fee, commission, &c., £24 65., making a total of
£749 17s. 9d. The expenditure of Lorßurghley and Mr.
George Ward Hunt, the successful Conservative candidates,
was greatly in excess of this amount.
THE LATE SUICIDE. AT SOM ERS-TOWN.—CORO-
NEIL' INQUEST.—Yesterday Mr. Wakley, coroner, held an
inquest at the University Hotel, Gower-street, on the body
of Ann Susan Baggs, aged 31, wife of a wood carver living
at 70, Charlton-street, Somers-town, who committed suicide
by throwing herself out of an attic window. The jury after
some consultation returned the following verdict :—" That
deceased destroyed herself in a state of temporary insanity,
which act of desperation was attributable to her husband's
grossly wicked and immoral conduct."
THE CONVICT ELLEN RUTTER.—GLOUCESTER,
Friday Evening.—The exertions which have been untir-
ingly made by philanthropic persons on behalf of the con-
vict Ellen Rutter, have been successful. This morning,
Capt. Mason, the Governor of the Gloucester county pri-
son, received an order from the Secretary of State's office
for the Home Department, to respite the prisoner during
her Majesty's pleasure. It was understood that, had not
the respite arrived, the last sentence of the law would have
been carried into effect to-morrow. There is no commise-
ration felt for the woman here ; she has admitted her guilt,
and the circumstances under which the foul crime for which
she had forfeited her life was committed are such as to pre-
clude all idea of sympathy for her. No doubt she had had
considerable provocation from her husband some hours be-
fore the murder; but that she did cut his throat in coolf
blood none who read the evidence can doubt: The woman
has been a bad character all her life. She was upon the
streets of Gloucester when Rutter married her - and she has
been in the Magdalen Asylum ; but although while under
control she has always behaved creditably, no sooner has
she been released from that control than she has broken out
again. It is expected that her sentence will be commuted
to transportation for life.
FOREIGN IRON IMPORTED INTO RUSSIA.—A ukase
of the Emperor of Russia, published in the " Gazette,"
enacts :-Ist. That cast and wrought iron not made up,
arriving direct into the empire, either by land or sea, in
every place except the ports of the Sea of Azoff, to be sub-
ject to the following duties :—Cast iron in a. raw state, 5
copecks per pood- Wrought iron : Bay, rail, and scrap
iron, 3.5 copecks per pood ; assorted iron, 45 copecks per
pood ; boiler, plate, sheet, and cube iron, 70 copecks per
pood. 2d. The impost of foreign, 'cast, and wrought iron
direct from abroad into the ports of the Sea of Azoff to re-
main for the present prohibited ; 'and 3d. The existing
duties on these utetals,_as per tariff of 1857„f0r the king-
dom of Poland, to remain in force in that kingdom for the
present, without modification.

what seems to it right—the Government is only armed
against the press with the power of warning and of suspen-
sion, which are repressive measures. The English add,
The Emperor retains at the bottom of his heart the desire
to avenge Waterloo and St. Helena; he only concluded
peace with the Emperor of Russia in order to make him an
ally ; he has been generous to the Emperor of Austria only
to make a friend of him also, and with that double alliance
he intends to attack England.' I do not think it inop-
portune to tell you what I think on that subject. We
live at a period when the hatreds of castes and families
have succumbed from the increased mildness of man-
ners ; and at which national hatred and prejudice have
been effaced by civilisation. The new generations
have something else to do than to avenge the past;
they are too enlightened to act on any other motive
than the interest of the present and the future. The Em-
peror and the present generation of Frenchmen are not of
those of whom it can be said, They have learned nothing
and forgotten nothing.' As for the generous proceedings
between the three Emperors, to ascribe them to the specu-
lative object indicated above, is it not to reduce to the pro-
portions of a paltry theatrical intrigue the regulation of the
great interests of Europe, and to degrade the elevated sen-
timents which God has placed in the heart of a Sovereign
for the welfaee of humanity ? Assuredly, lam better able
than any other to appreciate the loyal fidelity of the Em-
peror and his pacific intentions ; for when he did me the
honour to send me to Russia to draw closer the relations
between the two empires, the part of my instructions which
dominated every other was Do not allow any en-
croachment to be made en the English alliance; and, far
from endeavouring to divide' the great Powers, on the con-
trary, point out that if they had the good sense to.unite and
to come to an understanding all the I altry difficulties which
arise in Europe may be solved peaceably.' Need I recall to
your memory the incidents which preceded the war with
Austria in order to prove that the Emperor Napoleon, whilst
desiring to free Italy, and to disengage the frontier of
France from Austrian pressure, would have preferred at-
taining that object by a congress rather than by a war ? The
number and the state of our army at the moment when the
ultimatum of Austria was issued, prove this. And if the
statesmen of England who now consider that enough has
not been done for the Italians had consented before the war
'to express the sympathies which they now manifest, it is to
be, presumed that the affairs of Italy would have been regu-
lated by diplomacy. I repeat that after all the Emperor
has done and said, to suspect him of preparing in the dark,
without any other motive than ancient enmity, an enter-
prise which would throw into confusion the gravest interests
in the world, and would be the most fatal blow to civilisa-
tion, is to doubt his word and his heart as a Sovereign and

a man."

After expressing the opinion that perhaps the
attempts which have been made by certain newt-
papel.s and speakers in England to excite distrust
of France were only inspired by the desire of the
one to increase their circulation, and of the other

WE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1859.

to gain popularity, Count de Morny went on to
say :
" Time and the determination of the Emperor to lead
France into the occupations and labours of peace, will, I
doubt not, triumph over chimerical fears. That, gentlemen,
is the sort of war which we must wage with England. Let
us resolutely terminate our means of conveyance with our
coal-pits ; let us reduce the cost price of all raw materials
and of all our manufactured articles ; let us imitate the
English in what we are deficient in ; let us gain strength
from the spirit of association without continually requiring
the support of the Government; let us endeavour to con-
quer, and by prudent use preserve, the liberties which make
a man absolute master of his own welfare, and which have
no other limits than the wrong done to others. Yet, let us
make on England a manufacturing and commercial war—a
conflict of progress and civilisation, loyal, avowable, and
which will be advantageous to all. That is what the Em-
peror desires ; let us second his efforts. Already is the
amnesty a work of pacification which is the prelude of the
system into which we are about to enter. Let us hope that
it will be so understood by everybody, especially by those
who are the object of it."
An interesting report addressed by Marshal
Vaillant, from Milan, to the French Academy of
Sciences (of which he is a distinguished member),
testifies to the successful results of the discovery of
MM. Come, Demeaux, and Velpeau for the treat-
ment of putrid sores. Among the wounded of Sol-
ferino 20 Austrian soldiers presented wounds which
had become putrid, and emitted a fetid stench. It
was on these 20, separated into four groups, that
four French surgeons experimented with the dis-
infecting process of M. Come. They succeeded
beyond their sanguine hopes, and were enabled to
follow the progress of the new method with great
accuracy. The surgeon has, according to the re•
port, found an auxiliary long sought for in vain
against putrid sores. The letter which gives these
particulars states that the number of French
wounded who are at Milan, Brescia, and Cremona
is still very considerable, though there is a sensible
diminution each day. In a short time the civil hos-
pitals will be completely emptied, the sick being
gradually removed to the military hospitals, which
are placed under the direction of the surgeons of
the French army. As the patients become conva-
lescent they are transferred to Piacenza, and thence
to Genoa, for embarcation to Toulon or Marseilles.
Hardly a day passes that there do not arrive at
Milan, Brescia, and Cremona mothers or other
female relatives of the young wounded soldiers ;
they are all received by the inhabitants in the
kindest manner. I must not omit stating that
many of these mothers or sisters owe to the inex-
haustible generosity of the Empress of the French
the means of reaching the bedside of their children
or their brothers. One instance has fallen under
my own observation. A lady whose circumstances
did not at the moment permit of her visiting her
son, a young soldier who was wounded most
severely at the battle of Solferino, and who is now
in hospital at Cremona with a bullet in his knee ;
she addressed a letter to the Duchess of Magenta,
the wife of the gallant M‘Mahon, who lost not a
moment in replying, and enclosed the letter to the
Empress. It was the day of their Majesties' de-
parture for the Pyrenees, and, in spite of all the
diligence used, the letter only reached its destina-
tion at six o'clock. At eight o'clock the Empress
left, but at half-past seven a sum amply sufficient
for the expenses of the mother's journey to Cre-
mona was brought to her, and delivered with an
exquisite delicacy which enhanced the gift. The
Empress apparently did not wish to quit Paris and
leave a benefit unaccomplished. This is but one
out of many instances that could be cited.
BOURSE, Aug. 26.—The market continues dull,
and business completely at a stand-still. Threes
have been done at 69f. 15c., and are now at 69f. sc.
Mobilier varied from 830f.t0 832 f. ; Austrian, 560 f.
to 557 f. 50c. ; Lombard, 561 f. 25c. to 560 f. ; ()eons,
1,367 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 870 f. ; Southern, 512 f. 50e.
The following were the last quotations :-
4t per Cents. .... 97 75 Credit Fonder 605
Do. end month Belgian 42 99
3 per Cents. 6B 95 Piedmonteso (5) -
Do, end month .... 69 05 Roman B6
Bank Shares 2BOO Austrian
Credit Mobilier .. 822 50 Spanish Threes
Do. Account...... 822 50 Home Debt 421