The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-14 00:00:00

AFFAIRES AT DRESDEN.

" Sir,—You sent me, with a note dated the 6th
inst., a copy of a despatch from his Excellency
Count Rechberg dated the 4th, and in which Count
Rechberg, alludes to a :declaration published at
Gotha, as also to the words spoken by his Highness
the Duke, my master, in reply to a deputation
which read to him that declaration, and handed
him said address, and in which Count Rechberg
says that his words are equivalent to a revolution
of the federal pact.
" Acknowledging the receipt of that document,
I have at the same time the honour, after consult-
ing the wishes of his Highness the Duke, to make
the following reply to that despatch :—' As the
words of his Highness prove, which have been
printed in the public journals, they concern only
the address which was read and presented to his
Highness.' Count Rechberg says, that the decla-
ration mentioned in the address places the Aus-
trian Empire, as regards its relations with Ger-
many, on the same footing as Denmark and the
Netherlands. _ _

_
" I cannot suppose that Count Rechberg is serious
in attributing to his Highness the Duke, my mas-
ter, such a view of affairs, especially as his High-
ness has given a ccnvincing proof, on the occasion
of the late war, that his Highness, far from placing
the Austrian Empire on the same footing as Den-
mark, was ready to take up arms for the guarantee
of the provinces of Austria not included in the
German Confederation. He, therefore, could not
have conceived the idea that the German provinces
of the Empire do not belong, and ought not to
belong, to Germany.
" Count Rechberg declares that his Highness
cannot deny that the object of forming a pretended
new party implies the absolute disavowal of rela-
tions based upon treaties which exist between his
Majesty and the other Princes of the Confedera-
tion, and he adds that any approval of the tenden-
cies of such party are equivalent to a renunciation
of the federal pact.
"I protest formally against this interpretation of
the sentiments of my master.
" Whatever may be the object of the party alluded
to by Count Rechberg, not only the subjects of his
Highness the Duke, but his Highness the Duke
himself, have the right to exact, when they
express the wish or the hope of a reform of inter-
national law, that no one should suppose that such
reform should take place except with the assent of
all parties interested.
" It is not ten years since the Imperial Govern-
ment formally asked the German Governments to
participate in a reform of the Federal Constitution'
and proposed modifications which, as regards some
German States, would have led to a serious diminu-
tion of the privileges granted to them by the Vienna
Congress.
" Perhaps the Imperial Government will take
into consideration that, besides Austria and Prussia,
there are 18,000,000 of Germans who not only arc
not satisfied with the Federal. Constitution, but the
majority of whom look upon it with regret, because
it lessens the esteem felt for it abroad, and does not
offer sufficienfineans to provide efficacious support to
any member attacked, or to the nation itself."

-----
Baron Seebach concludes as follows :
g, His Highness the Duke, considering any change
which would not harmonise with the interests of
the Imperial state as out of place, being personally
attached to his Imperial Majesty, being intimately
connected with the destinies of the Austrian mo-
narchy by the possessions of his house, would have
many reasons to desire the grandeur and power of
Austria, if reasons of patriotic interest did not
speak louder.
" The present state of things cannot last much
longer. His Highness, the Duke, has nothing
dearer to his heart than to see the German Diet in
a position to point out the bases upon which, con-
sulting the interests of his Majesty and. those of
the rest of Germany, the Confederation may be
placed upon a footing to render it capable of self-
defence.
" The fusion of various parties which have
hitherto been at issue on constitutional doctrines,
this fusion which is theresAuultstorfia aroused in
movemenGer-
many—this sympathies which
the struggle sustained by bimanating from the desire
to give efficacious support to Austria, might even
now, show that it was more deserving of Austria's
approval than her displeasure s .
However this wily be, thi is the sense in which
his Highness the _ uk Prince,
i e understands the esent
he feels that
movement, and as a German
he cannot look upon t in any other light, as a
member of the German Confederation.'S
"DE EEBACH.
" Gotha, Sept. 14, 1859."

ITALY. •
The Eco della Borsa of Milan announces that
the banking house of Nosea and Barocco, at
Milan, b as subscribed 100,000 fr. dtowards Garibaldi's
fund for purchasing muskets. •
By order of the Modenese Government, the re-
maining works of Fort Rubiera, situated between
Reggio and Modena., are to be demolished.
A letter from Rome of the 6th says :
"The despatch of Cardinal Antonelli to the Mar-
quis de la Minerva, which is dated the Ist, states
that after so many acts of striking hostility against
the Holy See from the Government of Piedmont,
the Pope thinks it necessary to break off all diplo-
matic relations with that power, and has ordered
his passports to be sent to the Piedmontese repre-
sentative. The Marquis -received this despatch at
La Rufiinella, near Frascati, a: al replied that he
would lose no time in quitting Rome. The Marquise
has just deposited the archives of his legation at
the French Embassy, and will leave to-morrow
llian
morning. A wish had been expressed to k
General Coutedae
Ilemonstration in his honour, but
Goyon addressed the following note to his officers:
The Chargé d.'Affairs of Piedmontcal
has re-
ceived his passports from thePontiti Government.
He desires a manifestation in his favour, which
would be a political act. Our duties here do not
allow us to tolerate external manifestations. The

Cleneral of Division, knowing the nobleness of
character of his brave subordinates, has himself
warned M. de la Minerva that he should prevent or
repress any manifestation of the kind. If, there-
fore, this warning should be slighted, our action
must be the more rigorous that it would appear to
imply a doubt of us, which neither can nor must be
without its being known what such a course would
cost.'

Since yesterday the palace of the Sardinian Lega-
gation has been frequented by a host of persons, who
have gone to visit the Marquis de la Minerva.
The French gendarmes guard all the approaches to
the palace and patrol the streets in order to prevent
any public manifestation. M. de la Minerva, it is
said, has written to the Ambassador of France to
complain of the French general for having informed
his officers that he (M. de la Minerva) desired a
demonstration on his departure, and that it was
their duty to prevent it. The letter was drawn up

in such sharp "terms that the Duc de Grammont con-
tented himself by writing that he had no reply to
give. The Sardinian Minister intended to leave
the Papal States by a steamer touching at Leghorn ;
but in obedience to orders from his Government, he
is to return by land."

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, OCT. 11.

The State balance-sheet for the administration
year (Verwaltungsjahr*) 1858, which has to-day
been published, is in substance as follows :
" The ordinary receipts amount to 274,502,177f1. Tho
sums raised by means of direct taxation were—land tax,
62,689,071f1.; house tax, 12,186,493f1.; trade tax, 9,545,066f1.;
inheritance and legacy tax, 48,79911. ; income tax,
9,800,6615, ; and sundry other direct taxes, 219,3031 ;
making a total of 94,489,4831 The sums produced by the
indirect taxes were—tax levied on the necessaries of life on
their passing through the gates of the different cities (ear-
zehrungs Stetter), 40,647,03711.; excise, 19,530,470f1.; salt
duty, 28,647,12111.; tobacco duty, 26,401,5871 ; stamp
duty, 31,613,5321 ; State lottery, 6,896,558f1. ; post depart-
ment, 2,234,208f1. ; customs, 2,475,1771 ; stamping metals,
measures, weights, &c., 88,817f1. ; sundry duties raised in
the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, 246,00111. ; duty on
gunpowder and saltpetre, 9,037f1.
" The amount of revenue produced by indirect taxation
was 158,792,548f1. The revenue from State property of
various descriptions was 4,469,807 ft The surplus of the
sinking fund, 9,981,25111. ; and sundry receipts, 6,769,088f1.
" Tho extraordinary receipts—the principal item in
which is 5,661,0201, as indemnification for the loss suf-
fered by the State domains in villenage and soccage—wero
8,038,5461 Thus, the total revenue during the year 1858
was 282,540,723f1., being 15,755,124f1. less than it was in
the preceding year.
" The ordinary outlay of the State was 315,037,1011 ;
the expenses of the Court were 6,689,0471 t. ; the mainte-
nance of the Chancellerie of his Majesty, 42,146f1. ; the
Council of the Empire, 231,47611. ; the Conference of Minis-
ters, 33,548f1. ; the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 2,150,58111;
the Ministry of the Interior, 26,136,570; the Ministry
of Finance, 25,043,9011 ; the Ministry of Justice,
15,630,024f1. ; the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs and
Public Education, 5,684,484f1. ; the Ministry of Commerce
and Public Works, 18,439,74311. ; the War Department,
96,162,0611 ; the Naval Department, 5,655,0001 ;
the Supreme Police, including the gendarmerie, which
figures for 6,774,98811. 10,033,060f1. ; the book-keep-
ing, and sundry other inferior departments, 7,142,17911.
The interest on the National Debt was 95,963,2791 ; the
extraordinary outlay for the army was 3,985,4831 As the
total expenditure was 319,022,5811, and the total revenue
but 282,540,72311., it follows, as a matter of course, that the
deficit was 36,481,86111."
The foregoing figures tell their own tale, and
plainly show why the State balance sheet for 1858
was so long kept back. If the deficit during 1858—
a year of peace—was 36,481,8611, what is it likely
to be in 1859 ? Immediately after the famous
speech made by the Emperor of the French to
Baron Hubner Austria began to arm, and
the balance-sheet of the National Bank for the
month of September would seem to indicate
that the extraordinary expenditure of the State
during the first seven or eight months of the
year was between 130,000,00011. and 140,000,0001
For the moment I am unable to say what im-
pressio • n the State balance sheet has produced, but
the probability is that it will induce the nation
loudly to demand the privilege of exercising some
control over the expenditure. Extravagance is the
principal cause of the disorder of the finances, and
it is not unlikely that if the revenue was half as
large again as it is, certain parties in the State, who
appear to have no correct idea of the value of
money, would manage f 6 plunge it into debt and
difficulties.

* It begins on the Ist of November and ends on the 31st
of October.
t One of the items is 1,495,35511., which was paid by
young men of an age to bear arms as the price of exemp-
tion from military service.
In 1857 they were 2,414,9771 more.

BOMBAY AND AUSTRALIAN
MAILS.

The Indus steamer, Captain Weeks,
le4ftth FRIDAY MORNING.
. SOUTHAMPTON
October She4th; Gibraltar, 9th. has arrived.
Alexandria, September 30th ; Malta,
She brings 76
passengers, 22 packages, specie not
stated, 948 bales
Her Majesty's
ships Exmouth, Renown, Scourge,
Firebrand,
Banshee, and Caradoc were at Malta.
At Gibraltar were her Majesty's ships Marlbo-
rough, Edgar, Princess Royal, Conqueror, Victor
Emmanuel, Centurion, Orion, Neptune, Doris,
Scylla, Cadmus, Vulture, Lapwing, Coquette, and
Quail ; and a French fleet.
Exchange at Gibraltar on London, 51.18 ; Paris
and Marseilles, 532 ; Genoa, 535.
The crew of the schooner Rhoda, of Milford,
which sprung a leak and sunk on the 15th ult. GO
miles from the island of Sardinia, were landed at
Gibraltar on the Gth inst. by the Hanoverian brig
Cornelia. The Rhoda was laden with maize, from
Ibrail for Cork, &c.
Accounts from Tangier to the Gth inst. state that
no arrangement could yet be come to of the pending
difficulties between Spain and Morocco. There
were two Spanish men-of-war at Tangier. It was
reported that the Moorish Minister for Foreign
Affair!, had ultimately refused to accede to the fur-
ther demands of the Spanish Government, which
compromise a pecuniary indemnity for the expenses
incurred by Spain.
The population at Tangier were in a very excited
state, looking at the rupture as complete, and ex-
pecting hostilities to -zommence shortly.
The schooner Sparrowhawk, of Portsmouth, put
into Gibraltar on the Gth, leaky, and would have
to discharge for repairs.
The brig Lebanon, of Shields, sprang a leak on
the 22d ult., 35 miles south of Alicante, and foun-
dered. The captain and crew were taken to Gib-
raltar by the barque Stentor.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY EVENING.

The new steamship, Captain Von Stanten, has
arrived at Cowes from New York, and gone on to
Bremen. She brings mails of the Ist inst., 107,300
dols. in specie for England, and 198 passengers.
Oct. 1, near Sandy Hook, passed the steamers
Karnac and Circassian ; 2d, at noon, the screw
steamer Teutonic, hence for New York, lat. 40.37,
N., long. 69.21 W. ; 4th, 1at.43.25, long. 57.20, the
American ship Elizabeth Brown ; sth, lat. 45.14,
hag. 51.57, the British ship Collector; 12th, lat.
49.41 long. 8.30, the Hamburg brig No. 37 ; and
this day, off the Start, the Hamburg bark No. 257.
The news by this steamer is of the same date as
that received by the Nova Scotian.

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY NIGHT.
The steamer Borussia, bringing the same dates
as the New York, has just arrived in Cowes Roads.

A very brilliant display of aurora borealis was
observed at Southampton on Wednesday night, and it had
such an effect on the telegraphic wires, that communication
between that town and London was stopped for three hours.
This, we are informed, is always one of the results attendant
on this singular phenomenon, although we have not seen it
noticed before.
PETERSBURG TRADE.—The steamer Atlantic,
Marshall, from Cronstadt, arrived in Hull early yesterday
(Wednesday) morning, with a large cargo and 13 passen-
gers. She left Cronstadt last Thursday evening, and has
had easterly winds the whole passage. Trade was very
dull ; freights were bad and scarce ; many sailing vessels
and steamers leaving in ballast.—Eastern CountieHerald.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The following
members of the College having undergone the necessary
examinations, were admitted licentiates in midwifery, at a
meeting of the board on the 12th inst.—viz.: Messrs Alfred
Stoke Newington, diploma of membership
John Joseph Swindell, Whetstone,
datedHor Horsley Bossy,gr. 1 1859 ;
Middlesex, Aug. 1, 1159 ; Charles Henry, Elliott, Swan
River, Australia, March 12, 1858; Thomas Parkes, Wool-
March 11, 1859; Thomas John Hughes,
W
wich, July 19, 1859; John Bridger Cottenham, Cam-
briodoglewsilleihre, 'March 21, 1859; and Edward Vernon titter-
tersola, Baal:a-bill, May 16, 1859.

WEST AFRICA.

(From the West African Herald of Aug. 19.)
. _

The Sunbeam ant Rainbow, after coining clown
from the Niger, returned on the 25th ult. The
Rainbow bad brought down a quantity of oil, which
has been transhipped on board the Ethiope, while
she was staying at Bonny.
At Bonny the natives have recently killed and
eaten four men, prisoners they had captured from
the interior. The oil paid on account of the fine
imposed by the Consul had been sold by public
auction. Season very severe as regards wind and
rain. Oil not veity plentiful within the last month,
and pfice very The bar very rough. On
the 27th ult., four men, belonging to one of the
ships, were drowned while coming in for the pilot.
A fifth man was saved after being 21 hours in the
water.

The district of Abrah, in the interior, is very
quiet. Muranoo is administering the Government
of Doonquah, and Otoo has returned to Abrakrampa.
One of the great mischiefs occasioned by the dis-
turbance in this district is the breaking up of the
Wesleyan Mission school at Doonquah, which was
first established, we believe, in 1847, and was
flourishing. There were 47 scholars in August
last, when it was broken up. It is reported that
the Rev. Mr. West, the superintendent of the Wes-
leyan missions in Guinea, will visit Doonquah
shortly, with the view of re-establishing the school.
On the 10th inst., a canoe was capsized crossing
Lagos bar, and two white men (names not ascer-
tained) and a coloured lady from Sierra Leone
drowned.

Since the foregoing accident another more terri-
ble has happened in the same place. Lieutenant
Hope, R.N., commanding her Majesty's steamship
Brune, the second master of that ;hip, the gunner's
assistant, with 15 Kroomen, were all lost by the
canoe which carried them swamping as it crossed
the bar.

The Snanish war frigate Ferrolana, conveying
the new- Governor, Brigadier D. Jose de la Gan-
dare, had arrived in Fernando Po on the 28th of
July. His Excellency was accompanied by his wife,
two daughters, and an English governess ; 150 sol-
diers, with a civil staff for the administrative juris-
diction of the colony, were likewise in his suite.
On the Ist of September the new Governor was
proclaimed, and a Royal decree, issued by Donna
Isabella, was read in the Government House, in
presence of the Spanish and British authorities, and
which provided for the first attempts at colonisation
of the island. One of the advantages of this, as far
as outward commerce is concerned, would seem to
be the reduction of the harbour dues at the port of
Clarence, whose name has been changed to that of
Santa Isabella.

The ravages of the yellow fever at Sierra Leone
had very much subsided, after sweeping away nearly
one-half of the European population of the colony.

PAYMENT OF THE DIVIDENDS.

The payment of the dividends which commenced
this morning seems likely to aggravate in a more
than usual degree the difficulties of persons in search
of investments. Already the dealers were short of
most kinds of securities, political perils having long
rendered them timid, and now a class of purchasers
are coming into the market who almost always,
without -reference to any external considerations,
steadily invest their accumulations as they come
to hand. Will such operators continue to absorb
Consols at 96, or be driven to a choice in some
other direction ? Apparently, the former will be
the case, and we may therefore soon witness the
anomaly of prices being attained higher than those
of the Ist of January, before the French promise of
an Empire of Peace had been changed to the system
of making war for an idea. True, the railway
stocks present a total half as extensive as that of the
national debt, but these have advanced, and will,
of course, continue to advance proportionately with
Consols. It is the absence of new channels, either
actual or in prospect that is the peculiar feature.
There will be no lack of Indian securities, since it
has just been officially announced that fresh gua-
rantees for Indian railways will be granted to the
old companies as fast as they can be applied for,
but with that exception there is nothing likely to
be introduced. Continental loans, American and
Canadian railways, English steam companies, or
foreign or colonial public undertakings with Go-
vernment guarantees, are the only other things
that could present themselves, and none of these
would be accepted. The cupidity of all foreign
borrowers has been carried to the point of self-
defeat. By stimulating the London houses that
have a monopoly of the management of such
matters to bid against each other for the sake of
the commission until the price leaves no chance of
profit to any outside subscriber, the various nations
have thoroughly sickened the public with all such
p Russianu lar
tito Government
among
capitalists, was the. lasta nif
that proposals.retained
bpyo
Hence,s
st
be
ea,
lrecentalthough
oau gl
ho
positiona n t hwaosrsceonthtrainvetdhattonpfuttheitostehlfe,r.
Sardinia, and most of the other powers are eagerly
Russiai is still in want, and Austria,
hoping for some opportunity of appealing. to us,
none of them are likely to be listened to.
America, which might at this juncture have
afforded the most suitable field for the em-
ployment of British capital, to the advan-
tage not merely of the two countries, but of
the world, is at present not to be seriously named as
a competitor for our financial confidence. Her
speculative securities were thought a year or two
ago to have reached the point of greatest disfavour,
but the past twelve months have shown that such
was not the case. New York writers will probably
attribute this to any but the true cause, yet they
will scarcely attempt to demonstrate that British
capitalists, to whom national prejudice is little
known when the safe acquisition of an extra one
or two per cent, interest is in question, have ever
manifested any want of credulity so long as even
credulity could hold on. Canadian investments,
owing to the latest experiences of the Grand Trunk
and Great Western railway lines, are not much re-
moved from the ordinary American category.
English steam companies and corporate undertak-
ings of all kinds have likewise left experiences
which, at the best, cannot be said to offer tempta-
tions for further ventures. Lastly, there is the
question of foreign or colonial enterprises with
Government guarantees. As regards the colonies,
Ceylon, among the minor ones, has furnished an
unsatisfactory example in the case of her railway
company ; while, with respect to Australia, most
persons will concede that, however favourably her
resources may be viewed, she has, in the amount of
debt already created, or announced as intended to
tbhe
e extent created,
ofg honeer
populationtothemaximum that, looking at
be warranted. Against pub,lwic works
in countries under Government guarantees an insur-
mountable prejudice prevails which stands at
present as the strongest commercial reproach
against the English name. Thus, for instance,
Brazil, simply relying upon her own credit, can
borrow money in our market at a little over 41 per
cent., but if she gives a guarantee of 7 per cent. to
a railway company upon a sum which by London
directors and contractors may be declared amply
sufficient to cover all possible contingencies the
shares fall to a heavy discount. The public will
trust the Brazilian Government, but will not trust
their own leaders. This class of guar,antees must
therefore for the most part be considered at an end,
and although it appears that the Dutch Chambers
contemplate something of the kind for railway
purposes, it seems improbable that that or any other
respectable Government will, after the experience
of Brazil, choose to run the risk of allowing their
financial reputation to be damaged by encounter-
ing prejudices which in reality have no foundation
except against our own people. Thus we arrive
at the conclusion that no outlet of any magnitude
for our superabundant means is likely for some
time to offer itself, and that Consols and ordinary
railway stock must continue in increased demand
until the commercial prosperity of the country
takes a turn, or new signs of war create alarm, or
prices have attained the mania point, when the
public, now so discreet, will rush into any novel
imposture that may be concocted for them.—Times'
City Article.

REMARKABLE TIDAL OCCURRENCE.—This day
week a remarkable occurrence took place in the Truro river,
which excited the astonishment of those who happened to
observe it. A rush of
Water was seen rapidly ascending.
from Malpas, three feet in height, which advanced until it
reached the head of the river.- It was not low water at the
time, but there was no tido on. The " bore" having
reached the head of the river, dispersed almost as quickly
as it had come. About a quarter to ten—four hours later—
a.second rush occurred, but this time it was only two feet
high, and the water, as in the previous case, immediately
subsided. A third visitation occurred at a quarter before
five o'clock, the rush being three feet high this limo. In
its passage up it caught a heavy laden barge at Malpas,
which it floated up to Higher Newham. A fourth rush
took place in about three-quarters of an hour ; but the
"bore" this time was only about a foot in height, and
barely reached Bossawen-bridgo on the one side, and the
Bowling-green on the other. This was tha last of these
singular phenomena thatwasobserved, and the water
having quickly
subsided, the river has since then been un-
disturbed by anything out of the ordinary and natural
course. The occurrences have, as might have been ex-
pected, excited the special wonder of the shipping interest
on the river, and some ingenious theories have been sug-
gested to account for the phenomena. At Penzance, on
Tuesday morning, the barometer had fallen, there was
little wind at S.S.E., the sky wore a very leaden appear-
ance, and the atmosphere was very dense, accompanied by
much rain and some fierce lightning.. At the pier there
was a sudden motion in the sea, producing a considerable
s ttf, and causing the vessels and boats to be afloat one mi-
nute and aground the next,— West Briton,