The Sun.
London, England, 1861-12-25 00:00:00

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD CIRCUIT.—STAFFORD, DEC. 24.
(Before Mr. Baron Martin.)
After attending Divine service yesterday at St.
Mary's,
Mr. Baron Martin took his seat in court, and by
sitting till a late hour succeeded in disposing of all
the remaining business.
William Summerfield, 28, joiner, Wm. Brindley,
24, stonemason, and Henry Mace, 22, labourer,
were charged that they,to the number of three, by
night, armed ,with bludgeons, entered certain en-
closed land at Chickley, for the purpose of taking
game there, on the 18th of October, 1861.
Mr. Motteram and Mr. A. S. Hill conducted the
prosecution ; Mr. P. M'Mahon defended Summer-
field, and Mr. Kenealy the other two prisoners.
It appeared that on the night in question a game-
' keeper named John Smith, was out watching game
on the land belonging to the Hon. Mr. Cavendish,
in the parish of Chickley, and being attracted by
the cry of a dog he went to a field, where he saw
two or three dogs running about the rabbit nets set.
The prisoner Summerfield struck the gamekeeper
with a rail, which he tore from the fence. The
gamekeeper was assailed and knocked down by five
men, and the prisoner Mace struck him with a
stake. The prisoner Brindley was identified as one
of the party, but it did not appear that he inflicted
any blow. The injuries inflicted upon the game-
keeper were so serious that for a day or two his
life was in danger.
Mr. Mahon submitted to a verdict of guilty as
against Sammerfield, on the first count.
Mr. Kenealy called witnesses :to show that
the prosecutor had admitted that he did not know
any more than two of the prisoners—viz., Summer-
field and Mace.
The jury, however, found them all guilty, and
Mr. Baron Martin sentenced Summerfield and
Mace to 15, and Brindley to six months' imprison-
ment, with hard labour.

John Baxter, 38, brickmaker ; Thomas Sanders,
23, puddler ; Joseph Sanders, 53, miner; John
Windsor, 35, puddler; and Henry Baxter, were
charged, that they, on the night of the 25th of
July, 1861, to the number of three or more, armed
with bludgeons, entered certain enclosed land at
Biddulph, for the purpose of taking game there.
Mr. Motteram and Mr. Brindley conducted the
prosecution ; the prisoners were undefended by
counsel.

In this case the prisoners were caught in the act
of poaching on the land in question. They wore
all armed with bludgeons, but they offered no
violence. The gamekeeper happened to know all
the parties, and he went and got the assistance of a
policeman and took them all into custody.
The jury found all the prisoners guilty, and Mr.
Baron Martin sentenced each of them to three
calendar months' imprisonment with hard labour.
It was then stated that John Baxter had eaten
21 Christmas dinners in gaol, being confined there
for poaching.
Mr. Baron Martin said he had heard of a man
who had been confined for the same offence 22 times
in Winchester gaol, and on ono occasion he was
released two days beforo Christmas-day, and then
sent a brace of pheasants and a hare to the gaoler
for his Christmas dinner, as an acknowledgment of
his attention to him in gaol.
Aaron Harrison' 38, lute-maker; John Yardley,
48, miner ; Philip Wyatt, 35, miner ; and Henry
Johnson, 28, were charged, that they, to the num-
ber of three or more together, armed with a gun
and bludgeons, entered certain enclosed land at
Stone, for the purpose of taking game there.
Mr. Motteram and Mr. G. Ryder conducted the
prosecution ; Mr. Kenealy defended the prisoners.
It appeared thtit, On the night in question, three
keepers belonging to the Duke of Sutherland were
watching game and saw a man cross a field. One
of the gamekeepers had a muzzled dog, which he
let loose, and the dog kept the man at bay till the
keeper got up to him. A struggle then ensued, and
the man, who turned out to be the prisoner John-
son, called on his mates to come to his assistance.
About from 7 to 12 men then came up, and the
keeper was knocked down and beaten with sticks
and stones, so that it became necessary to have him
taken home in a van. The other keepers were also
injured, and the poachers made their escape; but
Johnston and Wyatt were identified by the keepers,
and various witnesses identified Yardley, Wyatt,
and Johnson, but the evidence against Harrison was
less conclusive.

Mr. Kenealy called witnesses to prove an alibi in
the case of Harrison.

The jury acquitted Harrison, and found the other
three prisoners guilty.
Mr. Baron Martin then sentenced the three pri-
soners, Yardley, Wyatt, and Johnson, to fifteen
calendar months' imprisonment, with hard labour.
His lordship, in summing up the case to the jury,
said ho very much doubted the legality of keepers
letting dogs loose upon men, and intimated his
opinion that, if a case should occur in which the
dog so used was unmuzzled, an indictment should
be preferred against the gamekeeper in order to
obtain the decision of the judges upon the question.
The business of the assizes was brought to a closo
before 8 o'clock.

We believe we are correct in stating that Count
Rechberg has written a despatch to the Austrian Minister
at Washington, in which he states that he considers the
Government of her Britannic Majesty to be fully justified
in requiring reparation for the proceedings of the San
Jacinto, and Count Rechberg urges the American Go-
vernment not to complicate their own affairs by any hesi-
tation in satisfying the just demands of her Majesty's Go-
vernment.
TEETll.—Don't get young children's teeth drawn.
At least, let this be the rule. Bad teeth come of bad health
and bad food, and much sugar. I can't say I am a great
advocate for the common people going in for tooth-brushes.
No, they are not necessary in full health. The healthy
man's teeth clean themselves, and so does his skin. A good
dose of Gregory often puts away the toothache. It is a
great thing, however, to get them early stuffed, if they
need it; that really keeps them and your temper whole.
For appearance sake, merely, I hate false teeth, as I hate
a wig. But this is not a matter to dogmatise about. I
never was, I think, deceived by either false hair, or false
teeth, or false eyes, or false cheeks, for there are in the
the cheeks round, as well as a certain dust
high—l don't call it the great—world, plumpers for making
making
such advantages.
Broin.

Funds up to 91k. (Ap-puy cause below).
.-.) Cu. a-boo Tidal-'deer Fooz-day' 6-6 h. meter.

TRIBAL.AMERICA'S ULSTER' PLANTA-
TIONS,A T tiANSFER'D WITH WILL .s. TRUSTEES.
STOP RENTS (TO AFRIC NEGRO CO'S BER-MUDA-NEST),
BY RETRO-LONGITUDE 284 YR' S ACT, 2-3 w. IV.. C. 92, § 4,
5 vic. c-39 § 4, 1842, PAP'S-?oth Q. AN-LINTY. 132 yr., so
B. *INN-Jetsam ei sap Lagance rota ovr:flot-sami f*c., N.
WalLl,murem 24 March- -29 Sept. Erran financ/ 6 Ap-
e ril' Julian-trery on Twe-x-ed Fishery-park law-sets, in
conic-sections 3 x 365.5 Isospiral-1200 by Enckv° comet.
CARIBA.sQuE x -Sachims, merchants—For Board of trade
quiet it becomes my duty, in opposition to the opinion of the
placet' Churchmen lawyers of British kirk, to state that the
officers of the anti-slavery coast-guard ship San Jacinto,
acted on " non-resident rule under the Municipal Acts of
21st year of Penn's Regulus parliament, Art. xx., by force
of which no planter, or any of the preprietory, can leave the
landboard without a notice of three week's market -place
guarantee of debts under a justice certificate, the ship and
captain aiding such persons' 3: !ache's, open to IMP. Indian*
*right of search' law (Webster'd -'42). Signed, .•• : :
• . • R. ANGELO, J. SOUTHWORTII, Cl. of Synode
.1. GROWDON, Speaker, Oct. 28, 1701)-ne-model'd, 1832-38.
Negro trade 'search' in CASS, by Palmerst on, '57. So—
JAR-CONE s PERIGEE LONGITUDE-AUGURY
-COMPASS BFFLQTOM GAP (-)PONTI SPIRIT-*-LEVEL.

ON CINQUE PORTAL-ARC CURVE, LINE OF LATITUDE' IN
Span-long ginq'nt 50 N. by Polar* above & below declica.
soar .in /3 Astra-geograph . • • : : to @over's 4, Arrow off-
and-ou'Diepp' s-Rouen Lizard-Et. o'r per isle's Quadra-
culmination Tropic-wend t' tords minorget's Dengue G'ock
49. N. Its state rope-lay Anchor fiag-tow'r pros-by Tyre
round the fiat earth, as of Titus Vespasian's March-night
zone-meter, year 79 on 1824-35's Life-nurg-ExcheOrjar
conevolute-Leet-crts.—on America's meridian' d 60. west
N. and S. for its Turloch base line September like-evapora-
tive XeraYes Nile-°-metre'd lake, as the *ken pivot Dappes
(3d Jay). I.), of 'Villa-Belle's Sack're-mentopez colony-1825
of Brazil, wrongfully province'd from ME in 1828.
Sachims—The • Illustrated London News, No. 1,119,
page 538, gives us, Clarendon's carlineA, in Philadeph's
Pensylvan-arna'rialfwerd,-1--. scale, as H. 6, Keeper of the
touch, 'resolution of its two councils' on Middletone's fens-
Ore (' Fodince -regales, of James L's 72 New River' share
1-plug in London's 1327-Goldsmith Co. of Philadelphia, on
England's royalty 36 ones £500) as tested by De'can° Henry
Wot ton and Montague, so CAR. 11. 'Hyde's grant 1662's jar -
Conenect-i-cut-18 to Penn's 81-1701, in Quaker's affirm act,
1749, on 1777 Indian responsibility-trust ; the whole land
estate guarantee of the allies were transferred by commit-
tE,e of House of Commons (12th Feb., 1836, Gladstone and
Buxton, chairmen, for a NEW England dodge of lequlia?
institution), with undersigned Lay-coe'cones as their pa-
t: on & advocates of Q-Ann-Bc'unty-aere, plantation Z9s.
See, N. 4421 Aborigines' Report, 1837, to 2d March, 1841,
London Convention (Philactelphia), by Bulo, Palmerston
and Labouchere, through Daniel Webster and Perley, 3d
Sept., '4l, election of Indian Peter, B. 11, as successor to
the 99 years' leases (12 to run, under 14th George 111. 1774,
for Sac°mo Jos. Brant, on old John Adams' suggestion,
Whose Qu'acre grandson is now, here)—and approved at
hiladelph's Lancaster Duchy crt. Longbro, Gloster, '75 by
Atkins S Edgcumbe Chamberlayne for (Hugh Chamberlen
& Goldfmith Co's-1, N. River proprietary) Stegglesplug-1.
Thus, Sachins, you learn the political cause for removing
the Ohio, Florida-semioles & Georgii Cherokee Indians of
the coast, 1000 miles west of the Mississippia, lodge-poised-
North and South of Mount Pleasant, in the rear of the
white faced slave-planters or builders, to prevent their
black cattle mixing with the virgin races, thro' the Lan-
caster FRAME and Concessions 1746, Art. I—XIV., for
mixt Comiffn Crt. of 6 Planters and 6 Native Indians, as
reset on Admiralty Ecole of St. Paul's, Bermuda (10 M,
by Philadel's partizan friends Coloniza• Off, Boston—Judge
Jay-31 May, 1853. GREY. So Deerfoot's Pye-Fellow
scholarship' Trinity e-Col., Cambridge, 1861. 8 Dec.)—the
term negro for Indian not in 1726 grant of Geo. I p 66.
Hence NOW shire-crt foundation' on Ermch and British
3tys, Jan. & Nov., 1840, as prefac'd to Washington Extra-
dition Act for Indian (Sept. 3, 1841) election of P. 'Basket,'
the living repres-ntative of the Ashburton boundary capi-
tulaion, to personify Wotton & Penn-Ackerley's sworn in
successor as sponsor of Indian lady 1820—for Act of 1843's
Empery (extra Ditio-nis) court, of Texas-hundred' 6& 6
partners, for basis to the legislative law of England and all
America, for outing the Filibuster-trench-placet [1562 of
Borromeo's Churchmen to pay taxes, lOths, and forage
subsidies' of Trent-council, for swamping by votes thro' the
Jesuit-Lopez Louisiana'd negro-shift 3-5 for Indian voice
is cceno] Exhibition-rs, on Elliott's may '5l Col. letter,
TEvroY-1847, as Jr. re Trent--The arrest of Slidell & Ma-
son, as contra-band illegal persons, you perceive, is just, for
trade quiet. Thus instant paid recognition of the Indian
and state trustees below, tho' made the 're-aye Ot' scapegoat
of the Luther Calvin Swiss fraters de Sac'cis of the
bronze'd-i-PENN-statue I'm-peace Society of friends.
Saq'mo's.—By pyre-Odic longitude Act's on 1818 ('24-32
still pending), §4 .9, subjects or subject, have equal rewards
in all May-polar expeditions. Ye will now think deep of
the danger of joining either party of the white faces or half-
caste Indian persuadrs, and are hereby forbid from notic •
in hr Fetish 'pTheerd-proclamation's as headed in limes and
.Post of 16th Nov., "A Convention between ENGLAND,
France, and Spain," and signed 31st Oct., 1861, whereby
you will perceive [that on such setting forth], the com-
mon law is not embraced in the said deed for the Indian's
rights, or alien's of the contracting parties to keep peace
on their soil. By " this" and reasons as follows so:—'
" Command o.d words, that long have slept—to wake,
Words that wise Bacon, and brave Raleigh spake."

1. My Admiralty RED flag, is the War Gap-line one of
Water limits (the Flag Union of the crosses on 3 James
I. is a Christian Jac9bo Zollverein trading flag x T ), and
not a belligerent by Ordnance issue T 343 of Jan. 31 1842,
from the Tower), the Civile Service Merchant Flag, on
board the Car. 2 Portable-post-Office Trent, had not the
white border to it—the Church having no flag.
2. That the mythic words British and Britain, whether
St. George's or St. Patrick's Channel, for outing the word
England from the log-wood 1782 Court chi istian hea charts,
adopted without the sanction of Europe, contrary to the
Justinian code base of the Roman X-span' Fueros union
courts of E-gal lace of 1521, and under 1764 trust, which
was decided in the Angl'lot-u'fpan'sh Texas Crts. as
miss by the assumed Britishers and Frenchmen of in-
corporated St. Denis, under the words "except France" in
March 3, 1815, U. S. 3ty, prior to Blucher and Wellington's
signature [for restoration of the Jesuits of the 2d order of
Melchisidek on a moving earth error' :th it] the 17th
of June, 1815, the eve, of their battle of Waterloo's Brazil'd
Belgic Leopold-Pedro 2-ty's in 1828-30 of illegality.
3, The Papal impudence of Sir W. Gore Ouseley in
collecting the signatures of the 800 Sachims for rebellion
in my name, (seen by his Wabash'd Walker succession in
Central America, for Bamberg-Sigismund life-tenure 1047,
Dappes-Nap.assumption of auFERT-clad Savoy), for seizing
of Mexico, from England—caused his papist envoy Captain
Aldham, to be shot by the Indians, as sacrificing their
nationalities to priests wolves men as manifest by
late Morocco bullion theft' convention, for dynastic retro-
spects in violation of Ackerley's God's-acre : : 3iNave pivot-
trust appointment of 29th 1825, for the benefit of all
rartles, without distinction of creed or colour, including the
MoNuoE doctrine, Las of Bohun'd Phil. 11. Manilla channel
official letter], which elected the Indian Peter as the
sw's font, and recognised by Peel & Derby's Queen, and
the King of Prussia at Windsor Castle, 1842, as the ' sole'
elect of Poland's NW . red-Russia A-Hurman of the cent-
years Dutch loan act, 1832, disjoined with sect religion.

Fourthly. The ' Lie-ratification of London' Gazette,
and not, within the fifteen days, is illegal by act of Parlia-
ment on Extradition Texas-hundred trust, it being in a
sup-plement, 'Whity-oolonred persons being voice-divorced
in this Azfinithson'an institution' district-site of April,
1836, on Gladstone's comtee. of H. C. by u.s. Congress, '46.
The foregoing Chain proves to ye', Sachims I Indians,
aligns, &c., that the Cabinets named in this convention
ate tngaged in carrying out the dictum of Mr, CANNING
in a converse Domus Romish dense, (in total opposition to
the legislative unity of the Nontnaljnnie standard measure
a? 1824 and 1835, for raising the revenue —under annual
election of paid laymen—for guiding the world's trade by
Joint comyn) without ask of People's-arbiter below—so
(6 & 61) "Scorn arbitration as a stain— (1 & 14)
9th.] To ninth and tenth of William's reign." [nO 10th.
Thus the civic Signor Neutro' gist of this letter, for my
patron9l right, is [for monetary recognition of all dues from
America upon primary colonization, well-intentioned, of
the whites, and evident decay of human nature, by their
theft of our 1730 Indian nationality on, my life], by a brother
and sisterly love for the future, under England's trust law,
as (now disjoined with t• Pope, .g-Churches or t-water sects
late on minister's money) the coal-A p read-bag isostate.
PETER BRANT BASQUET, America's Meded-sack°m6,
Nephew II (of Sac'mo J. Brant, 1775—Sac°mo Peter Toma
Brant, 1825-LlO, of New Brunswick), Canada's Gaspe.
I.S. 1-I.7's Montague ¢ C ' ACKERLET, P.c., sworn in,
Chief Jas., of I'rsland's-i comin of Review, 1825-37,
I.s. H. B's Executors § WOTTON' LYON BOWES, P.C.
Dec. 2.s—London. See The Min, Nov. 16, 1861.

ARREST OF NASHVILLE SHIP-PIRATES
ON ISO-UA$ L s CORPUS RED-FLAG DISPLAY.
Notice,—ln re Anderson-like Extra- dition—Act
On Yancey, Peyton, "& Clyde's ? eller on course.
On aid-force ' de lege nhod' lib. iv., ¢ 1, for criminal law
or —this side of sea level, as on the other—Washington ex-
tradition Act—touching Fire-raising, as one of the four
pleas of the Crown-pivot-voice-reserve, under oath for all.
The Mayor of Southampton, *rear-admiral of England's
pinnace charge, Isle of Wight, also Gallic-cock coast-
guard will arrest PEAGRIM and crew of the ship Nashville,
for La course-pillage and robbery, on the high seas of Bos-
ton, property of the American plantation ship Harvey Birch,
of N. York—of false french reps about 19th Nov., 1861.
rota (a) 0
placet regium in univarsa ditioni supremos est' of the
imperium, maria populo romano restituendo
1342, on A. D. 1346 v. 291, P. riekius Constit9 confedeticy
Taxantur seven St. Denis's-piratsa—Laws of Rhodes, in
Bermuda's e-Cel. mercatorum ship'ng Act, 1853-4.
As (b) Newfound-land merchant (on Lisbon wine license
Co.'s on Rex vini-jus newspaper Precedent on Juno.-inva-
;Mon, 1307), for Englands rompey n-marine protection °n
• • • Bristol's (Liverpool. • •sc. • . London), Admiralty 'etsucpe
altum mare, qua) afeendsi' et defeente°bliqoe old
So (a) by this warrant as of (Righ./4/,_c
c o m p°lll. et; mars
t h o)u,
ro-
view co/onisation on Portegal-way's 53.
for lle'Loule y arO 37. N epose, on the Roll; Alliagnce
abolition, act thro' *Hamond, SANDY s, in •.
(Signed)
PETER Brant BASQUET, trade flag.unie, Jak,
a.m M p as. 3- J • 1., corn-hill- TOW er'd Income-tax-
freeTan, Antipod n crown-colon jr chief
:0 p-B UlO. Cr(
of 1842, —The criminal law's Ei tratiFl Temple.
0
Labuuchere. lion Gap, 3 .mile off-shore Sea-constable
rt [2 March, '4l] bearing K.america's paddle of Admiral':
H. M. Perley, court over Canterbury's e- Guizote set
3 Sept, '4l's tlement for New Z,eaolansd's
llidedadlpvraorodenffit
Grip I vtz'r. Crt., its e iai Pl-34 p .v tior
Cape O'Halloran.
II set a medal'd vacuo-AgerQ
v C4appottliatlh'd&bcy'lleY
Ashburton Baring-3ty. .* N.
CHARLES g ACKERLET, CJ of Carib-isle f
Jethou'd Enoland 'Special elect, Aug. 29 1825
(by Admiral G. Hamond, Stuart de
.s
Seetry. Marcus HiII—SANDYS, Lay-iTetshbstaeY; s e
on Can'ng's Holy Alliance abolition, of Ring-
dubs), the Standard weight-bearer of 1837, Lt. I
rem,
rt.N. i•ay'd double- oathii'd victim—supporter Si
!‘ruhawl: PETER 10 yrs, by Red Indian Mary Qu' Rien
Mai oh's murder-tie, 1420 in habeas virginal° S.P.
tenerum corpus christ é* transit, thro' Quebec's Jose '7O
ll:unilton-Dalhousie, in E. Elder' duty for his P.Tonia'2s
and own's State. birth provision, as the Mon- BRANT.'
moire Subsidy Ist-fruit loan 1814'20's on loljor Trevor-
Car: wrigb t's chief srsccessorial surrogat'cy. [on trove.
13'22'99s red-turban't/ Hen. 4th, on Hen. V.'s
Sigismond life Savoy'd Gape-colons, Martin .5, 11.• V
to GONSALVI 1816 rezolamento-159, by Pius 7th on
Scotch-Bailie Urban Bth's capacity-oath of 1749-Ad-
vocate STUART Wort ley-Newcomen's-en Gonfalonicre'
I,Bp pawed is C. A.'s naming Act 1-2 W. 4, No. 54, on
1521-72,Luther. Calvin, for coin' d Rv-lay-sio•nor-
"er Stanlpy & W. Russell's (1683 Dead-hand yet
ion-attaints)
3)0,1861
,wlm.Leo. X Tavisteek augere], life trust.
Claristcorpus martyr 19 yrs), London,

T SUN.
LONDON, WEDNEESDAY, DEC. 25, 1861.

What a Christmas day for Washington ! There,
they will naturally recall that of 1860, and will them-
selves be astonished to note the difference. Then,
as now, Congress was in full session, for it meets on
the first Monday in November, but BUCHANAN was
still on the throne of American Universal Suffrage.
LINCOLN had been elected on the 6th of November :
South Carolina had called its convention only four
days after, and five days before Christmas its con-
vention had voted secession—voted it unanimously,
and sent its invitations to all the other Slave States.
It had doubtless found encouragement from the Pre-
sidential Message itself, which was an elaborate im-
peachment of the North, and justification of
Southern complaints, and merely denied with the
feeblest reasoning that the Constitution was made
to be pulled to pieces. It must, however,
he confessed that in this Message Mr. BUCHANAN
did picture the inadequacy of war against any
seceding State for attaining its professed object of
reintroducing that State into a republican confede-
ration with the rest, in a manner which time and
experience seem not unlikely to prove correct. He
denied that the constitution gave power to make
war on a seceding State, but he also showed that,
while its object would be to preserve the Union, it
would prove the most effectual means of destroying
it—it would banish all hope of reconciliation,
while even conquest could not compel the subju-
gated State to elect representatives and act as a
member of the federation of conquering States.
Thus stood things at Christmas last year in the
capital of the then Disuniting, now, perhaps for
ever, Disunited States. Secession begun, other
States invited to join the beginner, and though
declared by the President to be unconstitutional,
yet coercion of rebels was shown to be both uncon-
stitutional and useless. That message, and
corresponding action, or rather inaction, on the
part of the Executive, doubtless greatly encouraged
the Seceders. They had three months before them
under a PRESIDENT who would not fight. His own
secretaries lent their hand to the work. The navy
was got as much as possible out of the
way;
midi-
tarp tarp stores and arms were sent as quietly and
abundantly as possible to the South, but the
Federal soldiers who should have used them
were withdrawn, and Federal Southern forts
and arsenals were left in a condition for
the seceders to appropriate at pleasure. Con-
gress debated for evil rather than for good; it
passed an infamous tariff, see
minglT intended to give
greater cause of complaint to the South, while it
vainly discussed compromise resolutions, n
whichcose.
could satisfy neither party. As the natural
quenee, before Mr. LINCuLN CO'lld assume the reins

on the 4th of Marcb, the seven original seceding
States were already out of the Union; and a :month
before, Missouri, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisi-
ana, and Texas had joined South Carolina in setting
up the Confederate Congress at Montgomery, and
publishing in five days (on the 9th of February) a
cut and dried constitution—a second edition of the
old one, with some confessed improvements.
Mr. LINCOLN, with all this before him, entered
timidly, technically, and Delphically upon his
office. Not quite sure that he might not encounter
the assassin on his way to the capital, he stole a
march on that class of Southern patriots, and
slipped into Washington a little before his time.
His right-hand man, Mr. SEWARD, had been making
elaborate compromise orations; Congress was all
for compromise; the Border States proferred media-
tion ; Virginia summoned a peace conference ; and
under all these influences, poor ABRAHAM LINCOLN
delivered an inaugural which those might interpret
who could. He seemed to fight a secession armed
by the tactics of the late PRESIDENT'S Cabinet,
with a lawyers technicalities, and took the oath
"without mental reservation," to stand by slavery in
Slave States, coupled with rigid extradition of
fugitives in the Free States. He tried to leave
hope for all, to assert Federal authority over its
own property in the South, and showed, as Mr. Bu-
CHANAN had done, that the constitution did not
provide for secession. The Montgomery PRESIDENT
and his associates soon took the measure of their
man, and found him no formidable foe.
' But, as the Confederates had opened, so they
' determined to lead the dance. Their hope lay in
provoking the South through the North. They
desired, no doubt, an armed attack by Mr.
LINCOLN. The Lawyer, however, was not a
JACKSON, or they would probably soon have heard
of him to their hearts' content—if there was to be
a war they themselves must strike the blow. The
seizure of Washington by a coup de 9nain had to be
given up—they turned, therefore, to Major
ANDERSON, who had withdrawn into Fort Sumter,
and finding he was likely to be relieved, the South
Carolinians fairly drove him out—and " trampled
on the Federal flag—dragging that glorious
emblem through the dirt." And now, indeed,
the work grew "fast and furious." The fall of
Fort Sumter, the demand for 75,000 men, the pro-
clamation of war, the counter-proclamation of J.
DAVIS ; the Baltimore attack on the Massachusetts
troops, the letters of marque on one side, the
blockade on the other, the destruction of the
Arsenal at Harper's Ferry and of the Gosport
Navy Yard, the second call for 42,000 volunteers,
and 18,000 seamen, all these were the work of the
latter half of April!
Then came the meeting of Congress, summoned
somewhat theatrically for the 4th of July, the
Anniversary of Independence. The PRESIDENT
asks a monster army, the Congress votes him half
a million of men, five hundred millions of dollars—
all seems, for the moment, like invincible enthu-
siasm, and three days' victories by M`CLELLAN in
West Virginia did not lessen Northern confidence.
But somehow, silently, in a way of which no infor-
mation could reach the North, an army apparently
as large as their own had been mustered on the
south of the Potomac, and on the 21st of July the
grand army of the North, urged on by politicians
against the opinion of military men, fled in irre-
trievable panic from the southern traitors at Bull's
Run. A dash then on Washington might have
been as successful as one on Sebastopol after the
battle of Alma. From that time to this the North
has spent its time in enlisting, drilling, organising,
and equipping a navy ; and a series of disasters in
the field have been pretty evenly balanced by naval
successes, obtained, however, with little hazard.
Portentous, indeed, is the difference between
Christmas this year in America and the same time
last year. A rebellion, indeed, was then in the
germ, which perhaps might have been trodden down
by a firm step ; a fire was kindled which a little prompt
energy might soon have extinguished. But no one
then seemed to think separation on a large scale
likely. The two PRESIDENTS, one after the other,
supposed secession was to be put down with words
and paper. It had been done before, why not
again ? So now we see 600,000 men on one aide,
and for aught we know as many on the other,
ranged against each other along a thousand miles
from Fort Monroe on the Chesapeake to the far
west in Missouri. At present the only visible pre-
ponderance of the North is in its navy. It must
be far better provided with military stores and
equipments, but it exhibits ffb difference. Since
last Christmas a continent nearly has fallen politi-
cally asunder. The quarrel of four score years has
culminated. The evil seed sown by the:founders of
the Republic when they bound in unholy political
wedlock Freedom and Slavery, has borne its natural
and bitter fruit ; and it would bear it again. Were
the North to recover its seceding late associates, it
would once more find the demands of slavery in-
satiable, the corruption of its merchants and
moneyed men inevitable, and the Union again ren
dered the tool of this vile institution. Looking
back on Christmas, 1860, from Christmas, 1861, we
see more plainly than ever that emancipation or
separation is the real interest of the North.

Are we to believe the accounts now coming to us
from Venice ? If so, things could hardly look more
darkly there. Here is the statement put forth very
recently by a correspondent there, writing as an
eyewitness of things, and from the fullness of his
own knowledge. For example—" It is impossible,"
writes this correspondent at the outset of his re-
marks, " to draw a darker picture than the state of
affairs here. IN inter has set in, all commerce has
ceased ; those nominally rich only spend the money
actually necessary for their immediate wants; no
superfluous luxuries are lavishly bestowed ; no
strangers fill the hotels; but every where are poverty
and bankruptcy. And," he asks, " why is this ?
First, the port of Venice a few years since was
thronged with merchant ships ; now the long and
secure harbour of the Guidecca cannot show the flag
of England, nor of France, nor of any other coun-
try but Austria. There are," continues the writer,
" small vessels of coast trade, there are colliers, and
even now and then cargoes arrive for the railway
company; but for the general traffic, the great
commercial interests, there is scarcely a foreign
flag to flutter in the breeze. The merchant has
withdrawn from speculation, his clerks are dis-
charged, his porters become mendicants, and
throughout the whole city, with the exception of
some Jewish antiquarians, the buying and selling
is merely nominal. Walk through the Merceriaat
the hour when the monotonous foot-fall indicates
the movement of people, look into every shop, and
out of hundreds who pass, not six will buy. Ask
these shopmen how they thrive, and the bitter
sneer will only herald the words, We are all
iupionneddte.'n'it's
rather Thanthis surely nothing could well look
more gloomily. However, after commenting awhile
upon h
dismaltt
le further
eorf things,
ct.ahi
octo rbruet-
sconjtcture with a seriocomic irony in his words—
" But [such a grand catch, this ! so supreme in con-
solation !] the EMPEROR is again to visit Venice on
the 24th of this month ; the EMPRESS is there, and
Courts are always surrounded by the rich. Balls,
dinners, and operas must (you will say) enliven the

city, and lead ~to the circulation of money. Not so.
The Venetians (It fortune—and they are not legion
—will keep aloof, at:d those who can remain in the
country will not hazard the suspicion of disloyalty
by coming to the city, and ,refusing the invitation
to Court." However there is the assuaging pro-
spect before the Venetians th, at the EMPEROR and
KING is coming. Rather a damper to their expec-
tations of good from his coming being derivable,
however, from the infinitessimal. amount of good that
came but so very recently fro m precisely the same
kind of imperial benefaction. Even the eye-witness
of events now transpiring at. Venice has to note
this himself instanter : as thus, where Le writes—
" The EMPEROR came privately into the city on the
morning of the Ist December, and remained a week,
when he went out again in the dark—not a Vene-
tian encumbered his path. He came and he went
unnoticed, unobserved, un welcomed. The Piazza
was illuminated, and the band played. The
music ceased, and the lamps glared and flickered
to solitude ; and not a Venetian crossed the finest
Place in Europe. The next morning the thousand
jets of gas were removed, and never again were
they lighted during the Imperial visit. The band
played every day, and soldiers were driven like
sheep in a fold to make a display ; but, with the
exception of Austrian officers and their families, no
one came to listen to the finest military music that
could be heard. There was a grand review, and the
Emperor, in all the pomp and majesty of military
parade, was there; but only a few of the lowest
Venetians attended. There was a sham fight on the
Lidc—a sight which generally attracts thousands
—but not a Venetian stirred from his house. But
still the coming events cast their shadows be-
fore ;' new fortifications are ordered, and the dis-
play of liberality in the abolition of that public
nuisance, the passport system, is now an acknow-
ledged farce." And so things go there from bad to
worse. The end being readily comprehensible. The
signal has but to be given—at the right moment—
and the whole cumbrous system will fall, must
necessarily and inevitably fall, like a house built
of cards—what though buttressed up by the strong
fortresses of the Quadrilateral. The whole political
fabric there is too rotten intrinsically—is built on too
shallow and sandy a foundation—to stand with im-
punity the shock of any really serious concussion.
GARIBALDI has but to wind his horn of
battle there in the North of Italy, as
ROBIN HOOD blew a blast for his merry
men in the glades of Sherwood, when the hour
for rallying had come—and a Nation in Arms
will at that potent summons at once confront the
Austrian army in its cul de sac of Venetia. GA-
RIBALDI is only waiting for what is now rapidly
advancing to greet him—the opportunity. Ever
since the truce brought about by the Treaty of
Villafranca the Liberator of Naples and of Sicily
has been watching vigilantly from his island home
at Caprera for that still delayed but inevitable op-
portunity. Come it will in all good time, and GARI-
BALDI is not by any means the man to miss it.