The Sun.
London, England, 1861-08-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1861.

state of completion? With Lord WESTBURY still on
the woolsack. still the presiding authority among the
law reformers of our age, there cannot remain one
instant's donbtbut that the measure marred during
this last session by the Secret Committee of the
Lords may be readily mended next session and
finished more to its author's satisfaction. The
Head we still cannot but regard as all essential to
its symmetry. That, we are yet sanguine, may
be restored to it before next session shall have very
far advanced. There are minor improvements,
however, that have but to be pointed out, we
feel satisfied, to be at once adventured
upon. Amongst these must be mentioned one
suggested by the recognition of a grievance pointed
out only this very day by a correspondent of our
chief morning contemporary. "A few days since,"
writes this correspondent, "I received a dividend
warrant from the Liverpool District Court of
Bankruptcy on the Accountant in Bankruptcy
here for a considerable sum ; but on its presentation
I have been informed that the office where it is made
payable on demand is closed, and that its coffers will
not he re-opened till after the sth of October next."
And the writer adds, very judiciously, " The ab-
surdity of such a custom as connected with pecu-
niary comufercial transactions requires no comment,
as it is obvious that many persons similarly cir-
cumstanced may not only be greatly inconve-
nienced, but possibly be ruined—at all events, in-
evitably inflicted with the loss of two months' in-
terest on a document which entitles the holder to
payment as promptly as that usually expected
,by
the holder of a banker's check." Here there is just
one important mem. to be jotted down by Lord
WESTBURY upon his note-book under the head of
—lmprovements imperatively required by the Act
of 1861 for the reform of the Bankruptcy Law.

WCLELLAN seems to be the man. If the disas-
ter of Bull's Run be retrieved it will be his doing.
Already he is infusing into his mob army a sense
of the value of soldierly discipline, and necessity of
thorough drill ; he is setting the vain civilian
officers also the example of simple unostentatious
habits, of thorough sympathy with the men, of
caring for their eomfort, and of sharing their pri-
vations when privations must be endured. From
the time when the Poet Warrior of Israel refused
to drink the water which might have cost the lives
of his men, and poured it before the " God of
Battles," to the last campaign of GARIBALDI—such
has been the spirit in leaders which has commanded
victory. " Want of confidence in their officers,"
we are now told, is the reason why great numbers
of the volunteers refuse to re-enlist ; it has even
been affirmed, but we have neither seen it con-
firmed nor denied, that the first fugitives at Bull's
Run took to flight, because they thought them-
selves surrounded, but soon found that the fire on
one flank and in the rear was from Federal
regiments l They accordingly lost all confidence
and ran, to save their lives from the fire of their
own comrades. Even if this were not true,
its belief, and the possibility of its belief, by the
men, shows a state of things amongst the officers
which would demoralise any army.
The notorious fact is, that politics have officered
the American Northern army. The PRESIDENT
and the Commander-in-Chief have been aware of
the folly, but have been unable to resist it. Even
since the late rout the politicians have had the
audacity to press their pets on the military autho-
rities. The PRESIDENT, adroitly and wisely
intended to anticipate them by handing over every-
thing to M'CLELLAN; but, even after that, the
selfishness and vanity of his political supporters
endeavoured to overreach him. Looking on the
war and its administration from a distance, it
appears to us that all depends on placing everything
on the line of the Potomac under the absolute con-
trol of such a man as M'CLELLAN. Between him
and his only superior, General SCOTT, the most
perfect understanding exists. The latter must com-
bine the operations of the far West, and of the East at
Fort Monroe, with the long centre, but in that
centre APCLELLAN must shape and train his army

for himself. From Western Virginia to Acquia
Creek, on the Potomac, where the railroad to Rich-
mond begins, is, in fact, the scene for the operations
of one grand army and its co-operating corps. And
its commander must be able to confide in every
officer and in every man of it.
In his own former corps M'CLELLAN can trust.
His officers
.and his men, whom he left behind,
to proceed himself to Washington, are carrying
on his work. Our readers may remember that
after his brilliant victories in 'Western Virginia he
and his generals were manoeuvring to drive out
General WISE from the Valley of the Kanawha.
This General WISE, the same braggart who paraded
his tens of thousands of Virginian militia round
the scaffold of the noble old JOHN BROWN,
has been obliged to flee, much in the style
of the Bull's Run gentry. General ROSEN-
CRANTZ, whom APCLELLAN left to deal with him
writes that he had fled precipitately, destroy-
ing a bridge to prevent pursuit, leaving a thousand
muskets, and kegs of cannon powder. And the
Yew York Times adds that he has been pursued
from place to place, till at last the Federal troops
are almost certain to catch him. This looks as if
M'CLELLAN were the kind of general to inspire
his subordinate commanders with his own spirit.
We have little doubt that he is ; and that if he have
time and be not interfered with, we may yet see an
advance from the Potomac as successful and decisive
as that from Ohio into Western Virginia. But, all
depends on the reversal of the vain boast of the
Roman Orator, and as a sensible American cor-
respondent remarks, it must now be Cedunt togae
larmie.

Warm work is still going on in Missouri. Gen
FREATONT is there, and has of course a reputation
to sustain, and a hearty zeal on the right side.
But the Secessionists are evidently almost, if not
quite, as numerous as the Unionists. The State
which furnished the Kansas Border ruffians may
be expected to give some trouble. Gen. PILLOW
is at New Madrid, On the Mississippi, about 50
miles from Cairo, which the Federalists held, and
at which they prevent all down traffic to the
Confederates. He is said to have mustered 50,000
men, but if they be of the class described by Mr.
RUSSELL, they ought not to give Gen. FREMONT,
who is at Cairo, much trouble. Gen. PILLOW has
at leapt fired off a proclamation that he intends
"to drive all invaders out of Missouri," but his
artillery firing must be very different from what
Mr. RUSSELL saw if it is to effect that object.
The city now seems to be safe. Pickets are
stationed from Washington to Harper's Ferry, and
steamers command the Potomac below the city, and
Arlington Heights and Alexandria are still the
Federal positions on the right bank of the river.
Congress has been deliberating therefore in safety.
Whether it be an affectation—like that of the early
days of the French Republic—of imitating Roman
classical antiquity, or whatever be the reason—a re-
solution was "introduced in the house and passed,
of thanks to the officers and soldiers of the army,
and of sympathy for those who suffered bereavement
in the late battle !" There is certainly truth enough
in the old exclamation, "No accounting for tastes."
It was a poor parody of the Roman thanks for
not despairing of the Republic after an enormous
slaughter of brave men ; in this case there had been

nothing enormous but the night of prudent and
frightened men. In the old country, however,
brave soldiers do not care to have thanks for a
defeat. The mad courage of the Light
Cavalry at Balaklava, and the unsurpassed steady
bravery of the men repulsed at the Taku forts,
never, we believe, received the formal thanks of the
House of Commons. Americans, however, knew
Americans best. Thanking is cheap enough—only
what will they award to courage and success ?
In regard to its more regular work, Congress
seemed nearly to have brought it to a close. They
have been busy enough levying taxes in all the
States, which only half of them will pay. Direct
taxes, which will be evaded; Custom and
Excise duties, which will cost an enormous
percentage to collect ; indeed, fifteen per cent.
is already offered for that purpose, to such of the
States as will undertake the collection of their own
taxes. The loans are yet all a mystery ; whether
Americans will subscribe to them or not, it must be
pretty certain that no Englishman, Dutchman, or
Frenchman will hazard his money with a repudiat-
ing country; where the taxpayers are uncontrolled
masters, and care more for their pockets than for
their honour. Their customs will certainly, for
another reason, be no security. The Northern
States, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts
especially, are such ignorantly selfish protectionists
that they not only passed the MORRILL Tariff—but
instead of mending it, in this extraordinary Con-
gress, have actually made it worse! Already their
imports have diminished by half since its passage,
and if they go on as they seem well inclined to do,
their Customs Revenuewill be almost annihilated ;
and all to force on themselves dear inferior articles
of their own manufacture. They are making it,
daily, of less and less interest to this country to
retain their friendship ; while destroying their own
revenue and subjecting themselves to the heaviest
taxes on all their protected manufactures.

Spain is not the only country where persecution
is the avowed means of maintaining the Apostolic
faith. Even in enlightened France, it seems, a com-
mune cannot turn from the Roman Catholic to the
Protestant faith without being made in some way
to smart for it. Prefets and sous-profets are too
frequently but the tools of the Romish bishops and
clergy, and can generally manage to afflict those
who turn from the more favoured faith.

A letter in a contemporary, evidently authen-
tic, gives the details of a persecution continued
through fifteen years, under all the changes,
by the local authorities, against several
Communes in the Haute Vienne, because they
successively broke away from the Catholic Church,
built themselves places of worship, and obtained
a pasteur in legal form from the Protestant Con-
.sistory at Paris. These chapels the Romish
clergy got closed in the early days of the President-
ship, when all their support was needed by Louis
NAPOLEON. When ho became stronger they were all
re-opened to gratify some foreign diplomatists. But
an ingenious revenge taken by the clergy, through
their tools, the former still enjoy. The converts had
taught all their children to read and write, a thing
unknown in the district before—the Romanists
got all the schools closed, as " contrary to public
morals"—that is. to the supremacy of the priest-
hood and ignorance! Nor haEvßestiGy
heNpa,reinntsgyeetttsinugc-
ceeded, not even under p
these valuable schools reopened.

The result was half ludicrous. They obtained a
teacher who was to go from house to house and
teach each family. No other child might be pre-
sent, or it would be a school " contrary to public
morals." The priests then prosecuted this laborious
teacher, and actually got him convicted before the
local tribunals, which are in their hands much as
the courts ofjustice are in the hands of the slaw ry
party in America. Nothing remained but to take
the sentence up to the highest court of all, the
Court of Cassation. There, of course, it was re-
versed, and through its agency the worthy teacher
was released from the fine imposed on him by the
local council.

Such is religious liberty, locally, in France ; such
the ignorance and superstition, or it may be only
the subserviency, of French officials. In " en-
lightened France," at this time of day, priests,
mayors, and local tribunals abound, enlightened
enough to think it legitimate to defend and spread
the Roman Catholic faith, by persecuting those
who forsake it, shutting up their chapels and
schools, and even by punishing a teacher giving
private instruction to families.

Her Majesty Queen Christina of Spain, accom•
panied by the Duke de Rianzares, honoured the establish-
ment of Mr. C. F. Hancock, jeweller, of Bruton-street,
with a visit yesterday, and was graciously pleased to make
several selections.

The Earl and Countess of Dalkeith have left
Belgrave-square, for Bowhill, Selkirkshire.
The Earl and Countess of Stradbroke have arrived
at their residence in Belgrave-square, from a tour of visits.
The Moniteur de la Flotte says :—" By advices
from Zanzibar we learn that the English corvette Wasp,
while lately at anchor on the coast of Africa, a few leagues
only to the north of the equator, was attacked in the night
by a band of pirates which came off from the shore. The
commander of the vessel punished these ruffians the follow-
ing day by sending a body of men with a field piece, and
bombarding them in their village at some miles from the
coast. Several sailors ate eaid to have been wounded in
this affair.

THE HOP PLANTATIONS.-ROCHESTER, Aug. 16.

—The brilliant weather which has at length set in has been
exceedingly favourable for the hops, and, should it continue
for some weeks longer, much of the past mischief will be
remedied. On the best grounds the plants are looking
healthy and strong, and comparatively clear of vermin.
The plantations which promise the most abundant crops are
those which have been most highly farmed, and in many of
these the Goldings are expected to realise as much as 25
cwt. to the acre. With regard to the average yield, how-
ever, no proper estimate can yet be formed, the poor lands
only promising about 3 cwt. per acre, while other planta-
tions are confidently expected to grow 1 ton. Taking the
entire acreage under cultivation, it is anticipated that the
yield will be about 6 cwt. per acre, or about 60 per cent.
below that of good years. The following is an approximate
estimate of the duty in each district :—Rochester, £55,000;
Canterbury, £20,000 ; Worcester, £15,000 ; Sussex,
£12,000; Farnham, £7,000; the kingdom, £1,000; total,
£llO,OOO.

APOTHECARIES'-HALL.—The following are the
names of gentlemen who passed their examination in the
Science and Practice of Medicine, and received certificates
to practise, en Thursday, the 15th of Aug., 1861 :—Luke
Fisher, Chorley, Lancashire; Linton Bennett Brunton,
Waterloo. place, Limehouse ; Edward Barton Gardner. On
the Bth inst.—Robert Seymour Adams, Lymington, Hants.
The following gentlemen also on the same day passed their
first examination :—Ralph Eddowes, Swinton-street ; Wm.
James Le Tall, Woodhouse, Sheffield ; Thomas Joyce,
Newbury, Berks ; Charles D. Shepherd, Frederick-street,
Gray's-inn-road ; John L. Newton, London Hospital.
DARING ROBBERY AT AN HOTEL DURING
READING RACES.-At the Reading Borough Police-court
on Thursday, a rather swellishly-attired man, who gave the
before
rand
Mr. s ta
Bourneted that (
(mayor)
he
ye
obr belonged e d t
name
Belgium,of Gzst
charged Gustave nnaofe t.t t
seve-
ral justices with stealing £2B 10s., belonging to Mr. Denne,
of Fenchurch-street, London. The prosecutor gave evi-
dence, and it appeared that he retired to rest on Wednesday
night at the George Hotel, and, as he believed, bolted the
door. He placed his trousers, which contained the above
sum in notes and gold, in the room. Nothing disturbed
him until about 6 o'clock in the morning, when the prisoner
by some means entered his roam, and having deliberately
taken the purse from the trousers rushed down stairs. Mr.
Denne immediately followed, having at the time his shirt
on only, and at the top of the yard he informed a man of
the robbery, who at once pursued the prisoner, and soon
captured him with the money in his possession. The pri..
soner pleaded guilty, stating that he cam 4 to this country
with an Englishman, who stole his portmanteau and its
contents, and ho went into the George Hotel thinking he
might meet with him. He was sentenced to six months'
imprisonment. The prisoner had not slept at the hotel, but
was observed to enter the yard soon after the gates were
open.

lL A TP It, 3
N E ‘4,t,

PESTH, AUG. 16.

The dissolution of the Hungarian Diet is con-
sidered certain within a few days. A similar
measure is expected for the County Committees.
An Imperial rescript is expected shortly.

TURIN, AUG. 10, EVENING.
Signori Cantelli and Blasio have tendered their
resignation.
The Nationa/ites of to-day states that it is
rumoured that General Cialdini has also resigned,
and that a modification of the Ministry is immi
nent.

Nothing has yet transpired to confirm the state-
ment of the Nationalities.

ROME, AUG. 16.
Yesterday, on the occasion of the national French
fete, the Pope gave his benediction.
A brilliant fete took place at the French Em-
bassy. The Military Club and the national es tab
lishments were illuminated.
General Goyon gave a grand dinner.
Tranquillity and perfect order prevailed at Rome.

VIENNA, AUG. 17.

A semi-official statement published to-day con-
tradicts the reports of an eventual change in the
system of policy pursued by the Government, and
of any personal change in the Cabinet.

It says :—" On the contrary, a perfect harmony
of views upon the Hungarian question exists be-
tween the Chief of the Ministry and the Hungarian
Chancellery."

Telegraphic despatches received here from Agram
state that the Croatian Diet had decided upon
making representations to the Emperor, requesting
the re-admittance into the Diet of the deputies
from the military frontiers and the enlargement of
the litoral territory to the Croatian free ports.
The collection of taxes by military execution has
been stopped until the middle of September next.

NAPLES, AUG. 16.

A magnificent and spontaneous illumination
took place at Naples yesterday evening in honour
of the Napoleon fete.

The Italian soldiers have taken the village of
Ponte Landolfo, in the province of Sannio, and
that of Castilduni, in the province of Molise, from

the insurgents.

It is reported that the railway contract with
Talabot has been broken, and that the works will
be commenced on account of the State.
Part of the English squadron has arrived from
Malta.

RAGUSA, AUG. 16.

About 2,000 Bosnian and Montenegrin insur-
gents are preparing to attack Trebigne, and have
already advanced beyond Niksich.

the belief that everybody who opposes him is either
misled or of bad character."

It is stated that Omer Pacha, having received
orders to attack the Montenegrins, the Prince of
Montenegro and his people are making active pre-
parations for war, and declare that any promises
which the Sublime Porte may make will not induce
them to lay down their arms, experience having
proved that Turkish promises are never kept. It
is added that the chiefs of the Montenegrins declare
openly that henceforth the same land cannot bear
Christians and Turks.

AMERICA.

QUEENSTOWN, Auo. 17.

The Royal Mail screw steamer Arabia, from
Boston on the 7th and Halifax on the 9th inst.,
arrived here at 2 a.m. today. She brings 104 pas-
sengers.

The Arabia landed 76 mail bags and eight pas-
sengers, and proceeded at 2.30 a.m. Alf well.
His Royal. Highness Prince Alfred is on board.
NEW YORK, AUG. 6, EVENING.
The result of the legislative election in Kentucky
shows a Union majority.
The new Governor of Missouri has issued a pro-
clamation, promising protection to all who will lay
down arms against the Federal Government.
Congress has passed an Act giving freedom to
negroes found in the Confederate naval or military
service.

It is reported that the Confederates have organised
a plan to attack St. Louis.

Vessels arriving at Nevi York continue to report
having been chased by privateers.
Prince Napoleon has left Washington in a Federal
steamer, accompanied by Mr. Seward, in order to
visit Mount Vernon,

The Federal Congress has adjourned.
(LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO HALIFAX.)

NEW YORK, Auo. 8.

A body of Confederates, under the command of
Gen. McCullagh, has been defeated at Dugusprings
(Missouri), by General Lyon.
During the fight a force of 270 United States
cavalry cut their way through 4,000 Confederated
infantry.
The privateer Petrel has been sunk by the United
States frigate St. Lawrence, and her crew taken
prisoners.

A Confederate force is reported to have been seen
within two miles of the Potomac.

The latter river is effectually guarded from Alex-
andria to Harper's Ferry, and there is no danger of
its being crossed.
The coast of North Carolina is swarming with
privateers. Several vessels have been captured.

1,000 Secessionists have attacked the Union
camp at Athens (Missouri), and were defeated with
loss.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Cotton firm. Sales in two days, 4,500 bales mid-
dling upland 171 c. Breadstuffs advancing. Wheat
ic. to 2c. higher. Provisions dull. Exchange on
London, 1071. Stocks dull. New York Central,
76k.

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING.
The North German Lloyd's screw steamship New
York, Captain G. Wenke, which left New York on
the 3d inst,, arrived off Cowes at midnight, and
went on to Bremen, after transhipping mails, &c.,
for this port. She brings 136 passengers, of whom
33 are for Southampton and Havre, and the re-
mainder, with 1,000 dole. in specie and 1,000 tons
of cargo, for Bremen. The weather on the passage
was very changeable, with southerly winds and
high seas, and, during the last two days, foggy.
Official advices were received on the 2d at the
War Department, Washington, from General
Rosencranz, stating that Gem Wise and his com-

mand had precipitately fled from Gauley Bridge
eastward, after destroying the bridge to prevent
pursuit. One thousand muskets and several kegs
of cannon powder were left behind. Gen. Rosen-
cranz also reports that many of the inhabitants of
that region who had heretofore been strong Seces-
sionists had been converted to Unionism through
the excesses of the rebel troops, who are now en-
tirely cleared out of the Kanawha valley ; " and if
the latest despatches which reach us," says the New
York Times, are true—and we see no good reason
to doubt them—Wise and his whole command are
likely to fall into the hands of our forces. This
would indeed be a triumph which would go far to
efface the memory of Bull's Run. He is stated to
have retreated from one point to another, pursued
continually by our troops, until he is at last in a
position where it will be impossible for him to
escape."

No military movements were reported as having
taken place in the vicinity of Washington. General
APClellan had established his head-quarters in the

city, and was said to be rapidly bringing order on

of the chaos which followed the disaster at Bull's
Run. The chain of pickets had been extended up
the Potomac, and now reached to those of General
Banks, and other important measures had been
adopted, calculated to give assurance of the safety
of the capital.
The New Fork Times says that, according to re-
ports received through despatches, and the Western
papers, some 12,000 troops had already erossed the
Mississippi river to New Madrid, Mobile, with a
view to making an attack on Bird Point, and subse-
quently upon Cairo. The railroads of Tennessee
are said to have been taken possession of by the

Tennessee authorities, in order that the transport
of troops may be facilitated. At New Madrid
these troops are to be joined by others from-Ar-
kansas and Missouri, swelling the number, it is
expected, to an aggregate of 50,000 men. The
National scouts report at Cairo that the rebels
already assembled at New Madrid are well armed
and drilled, and have good artillery, besides two
regiments of cavalry. General Pillow is in com-
mand, and has issued a bombastic address to the
people of Missouri, declaring his intention to
" drive the invaders from the State." The rebels
evidently mean mischief in that direction, though
General Fremont is taking active measures to
counteract it. He had reached Cairo in person,
with considerable reinforcements.

There appeared to be little doubt that a large
rebel force was again in the vicinity of Harper's
Ferry—probably with a view to holding in check
the column of General Banks, but possibly with the
purpose of making an attempt, should circumstances
favour, to cross the Potomac at Ed ward's Ferry, be-
tween Harper's Ferry and Washington. Consider-
able bodies of rebel foragers had already approached
within six miles of the head-quarters of General
Banks, which was considered a certain indication
that General Johnston's army was nearer to the
Potomac than Leesburgh. Meantime, Gen. Banks
was busily engaged in the organisation of his column
—three brigades having been formed and placed
under the command respectively of Col. Thomas,
Col. Abercrombie, and Col. Stone. Gen. Banks had
also instituted stringent measures to prevent Com-
munication letween the Secessionists of Maryland
and the rebels in Virginia.

Two important General Orders had been issued
by Gen, Scott. The first, which has probably been
called forth by some indiscretion in the matter of
searches for arms in suspected houses, directs that
all searches for arms, traitors, or spies, and arrests
of offenders, in any military department, shall only
be made by the authority of the commander of the
department, except in cases of urgent necessity.
The second order aunounc s the desecration of
Mount Vernon by the bands of armed rebels, and
expresses the hope of the Commander in-Chief, that
should the operations of the war take the Federal
troops in that direction, every possible respect will
be paid to the sacred precincts.
" From our correspondent on board the United
States steam sloopßrooklyn, blockading the mouths
of the Mississippi," says the New fork Times,—
" We receive the first reliable account of the manner in
which the privateer Sumter was allowed to run out into
the Gulf of Mexico. The Brooklyn at the time was engaged
in chasing a British barque, but her commander received
warning that the Sumter was coming out, and might have
prevented her, or perhaps have effected her capture. In-
stead of this, however, he continued in chase of the barque,
and allowed the privateer to run out. The Brooklyn sub-
sequently followed her, and would certainly have overtakeP.