The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1859,

It is a very disheartening and discourtzging view
altogether, that which Mr. BRIGHT has recently
given of the working of our English representative
system under our vaunted Constitutional Govern-
ment. Addressing himself to the whol cmas of his
fellow-countrymen through those peilled hiero-
glyphics of the reporter, which were to be imme-
diately afterwards repeated through the quivering
needle of the electric telegraph, the hon. member
for Birmingham spoke thus, on Thursday evening
last, to 26,000,000, through the 3,000 assembled
celebrants of his brother-in-law's recent (rather
dubious) triumph down at Huddersfield: " There
has been for many years past," said he, " only
what we call wasted sessions of Parliament ; and,"
he continued—his heart apparently sinking within
him at the prospect—" I am so distressed, so weary,
so disgusted, and at times so hopeless, that I often
at the end of a useless session think myself a fool
above all other fools for spending my time, my
labour, my life in the House of Commons, and am
half resolved, as a duty to myself and my family, to
seek the only office that possibly I may ever hold—
the office of steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. I
am frequently tempted to take myself from Parlia-
ment, and to cease labouring in a field where there
is no soil to grow anything, and upon which neither
the shower falls nor the sun shines. All that we
have done of late years has been to vote with a
listless apathy millions of money for which you
have toiled. We have squandered scores of mil-
lions that under a just and economical Government
would have remained in your pockets ; we have
added tax to tax ; we have, it is true, taken some
off ; we have shifted an uncomfortable burden from
one shoulder to the other, but the burden remains.
-• It grows larger, and, if you do not stagger and fall
beneath it, it is because your productiveness, your
resolution, and your patience surpass those of any
other people in the world." All which is, no doubt,
perfectly true. But for all which we are mainly
indebted to Mr. BRIGHT and all that class of poli-
ticians. We maintain it. As sincere lovers of a
truly pacific policy—as advanced Liberals—as
staunch reformers—as rational and patriotic eco-
nomists—we do distinctly charge Mr. BRIGHT and
his sympathisers with those perpetually recurring
wasted sessions of Parliament—with those con-
tinual postponements of urgently-required legisla-
tive improvements—with this squandering of the
public money and this periodically increasing and
increasing taxation !
As to "wasted sessions," just to:begin with—let
us take this last wasted session by way of illus-
tration. The session of 1859 need not have been
wasted at all but for such paltering reformers as
the hon. member for Birmingham. Had Mr.
BRIGHT and his little handful of sympathisers—
those brothers-in-law of his who are such sticklers
for purity of election—had Mr. BRIGHT and his
small following but acted manfully, like the hon.
and learned member for Sheffield—the now wasted
session of 1859 might have been borne in grateful
remembrance as the year in which the problem of
Parliamentary Reform was at length solved, and
solved satisfactorily. In arguing thus we are not
in any way arguing hypothetically. We are
writing about mere notorious matters-of-fact. In-
stead of chopping and changing about like the
winds that blow, during the earlier part of this
current year the Brightites could have aided in
forcing the Reform Bill, introduced by the late
Ministry, into committee. And having got it
there into committee, they might readily have
taken an active part in transferring it from an
indifferent and wholly inadequate scheme into a
comprehensive and sweeping enactment. An ex-
tended suffrage, a revision of electoral districts, a
possible diminution of the duration of Parliaments,
anything—even the very Ballot denied to us obsti-
nately by the Whigs—was then actually lying, as
it were, in the palm of our hand. We had only to
close our hand upon it, and grasp it. The
iron lay there temptingly hot upon the anvil
of the House of Commons—it had only to
be beaten into shape according to plea-
sure. The Ministerial measure, in the form
in which it was submitted to the consi-
deration of the Legislature by Mr. DISRAELI, was
an unseemly and as misshapen, let us say, as a lump
•
of clay placed in the hands of a potter—but the
c lay was soft and plastic—it might have been
raoulded into any shape in committee, and have
been baked in the furnace of discussion into a very
ntedel Act of Parliament. .Nlr. BRIGHT, however
would, and he would not—he wanted reforni, or at
arty rate said that he wanted it—but he haggled
about who should be the reformer. And so the
session of 1859 was wasted—by the vacillation, and
the insincerity, and the trumpery temporising of
such show.reformers as the hon. member for Bir-
ming ia.m f And then Mr. BRIGHT has the con_
• • •SU'.r,n Qte coolness and effrouteryie go• down to an
hums C'ulate borough like that of Huddersfield, and
to pro test—" I am so distressed, so weary, so dis-
gusto( i, ani at times so hopeless, that I often, at the
end a useless session, think myself a fool abov
all of her fools for spending my time, my
to he
my life, in"—literally causing this very labour,
was
eomp laining of, this waste of successive sessions of
the i: mperial Parliament !
As to the frightful increase of taxation, and the
lavis,l 1 expenditure of the public moneys, particu-
larly upon the military and maritime departments
of 1,11 e public service, that is a very'old story indeed
—nr A here again we cannot in reason but recognise

No one can guess the precise game which Louis
NAPOLEON is playing. His general object, on the
other hand, no one pretends to doubt. Sometimes
his sudden moves appear like the results of long
premeditation and cunning ;—we think we see
what he must be driving at ; but, immediately
another move, or another revelation in the .11.1oniteur,
confounds all your guesses. Sometimes you almost
come to the conclusion that the EMPEROR of the
coup d'etat is half conjuror, half statesman ; and
that he delights quite as much in something like a
political gun-trick on the theatre of Europe, as in
some really able political combination ; or, at
least, that he thinks snubbing an Austrian ambas-
sador, proclaiming the emancipation of Italy from
the Alps to the Adriatic, a Villafranca Peace after
a Solferino victory, an amnesty and the like, a
proper series of surprises to fix in the minds of all
Europe the idea that he is an unaccountable man.
It is well for all the nations which surround France
to understand, that no one knows what his Majesty
the Emperor NAPOLEON 111. will do next. That
one thing only can be sure ;to wit—that the next
thing will be something no one had thought of.
His last has been partly a revelation, partly a
miserable attempt at self-defence, which reads
poorly enough now, and will read worse in history.
We take the statement in the Moniteur as we find
it ; and what does it disclose as to the terms really
made at Villfranca ? that with the exception of re-
signing the conquered territory of Lombardy, Aus-
tria was to keep substantial power over Italy. The
Emperor of AUSTRIA was to be, if the parallel with
Luxembourg be correct, Grand Duke of Venetia,
with two Viceroys in Modena and Tuscany, and
perhaps something like deputies in Parma and the
Romagna. The Moniteur pretends that in this way
Austria would have been no longer " the dreaded
power hostile to all national aspirations, no longer
a German power on that side the Alps, but a friendly
power to develope her Italian nationality to the
shores of the Adriatic !"
Austria develope HER Italian nationality ! Yes,
much as she has developed her Hungarian, her
Polish, her Croatian nationality. The inhabitants
of Central Italy were, happily, too wide awake to
believe in the developement of their nationality
under rulers who ran away and fought against the
Victor of Solferino himself, to the last moment that
ho was believed to be engaged in the liberation of
Italy. They knew one power and its lieutenants
who had been engaged, ever since 1815 in endea-
vouring to crush Italian independence, under
whose brutal sway the blood of her noblest patriots
had stained her soil, and the lives of her SILVIO
PELLICOS been wasted away in felons' dungeons,
and the bared bodies of even her females
held beneath the brutal stick ; they knew
this power, and they could put no faith
in her. Their only safety lay in being ab-
solutely free, as far as they could under the condi
tions. If the whole body could not be liberated it
was so much gain to knock the fetters off every
limb possible, waiting for the time when the freed
members might be able to liberate the rest. Austria
develope her Italian nationality ! Yes, indeed—an
Austro-Italian nationality would of course have been
a despot nationality ; a federation of petty monarchs
against their subjects with one great tyrant as the
strength of the federation—another Holy Alliance
of the selfish dynastic tyranny against Italian
liberty and progress.
One of three suppositions. Either Louis NA-
POLEON never intended to give real independence to
Italy, and his proclamation was hypocrisy ; or he
did not understand the essentials of Italian inde-
pendence ; or he understood them and failed in the
attempt. The first supposition would brand him
with the most odious of reputations ; and we may
well suppose that he did not wish for it in the shape
so often rumoured, and which after all his shuffling
will be readily believed, of creating a kingdom of
Central Italy for a NAPOLEON. An Italy indepen-
dent of Austria, but dependent on a BONAPARTE
enthroned in the Tuileries was, after all, a notion
thoroughly Napoleonic. As to the second supposi-
tion, the truth doubtless is that he understood
too well what Independence means in Italy and
everywhere else ; and to this must be attributed
the perplexity he finds himself in, now that Central
Italy only asks what he himself promised, and
adroitly, at the same time, thanks him for his pro-
mises and his battles. But the third supposition
is, no doubt, also partly true. He failed. He was
beaten by what he ought to have taken into ac-
count before. He knew the temper of Germany ;
though Germany would have never interfered for
the Italian quadrangle. He knew the strength of
the fortresses which cost his uncle no little effort,
but which he mastered. He knew the resources of
Austria in men and money—either, therefore, he
failed in his calculations, or he has failed to tell us
all the reasons for his hasty peace. The latter is
surely very probable. He had not reckoned on
the difficulty about the old Pupe, for whose well
government he is morally responsible, nor on that
of the priests all over France, who would have set
against him that peasantry to whOse illiterance and
superstition he owed so greatly his election, and
who would turn round at a word from the men who
hold their everlasting welfare in pledge. This, as
Mr. MATTHEW ARNOLD shows, was far more ter-
rific to him than all the nonsense about Germany
in arms on the Rhine. It was the Popish clergy,
the arms of whose superstitions had been once
-
wielded in his favour, and who he now
feared would turn them against him, which
of Popery
he really feared. The artillery

at Rome, and of Verona in front, and the
want of any generous conception of Italian inde-
pendence or any other—these were the reasons
which disposed him at Villafranca to sell Italy
to Austria under the name of a confederation.
Worst of all is the threat held out to the Duchies
respecting poor Venetia. If the Duchies will but
submit to dishonour again Venetia shall live—live
after a fashion, say Austria and FRANCIS JOSEPH.
So the story goes that Judge JEFFERIES once said
to a beautiful daughter pleading for her innocent
father's life,—" Surrender your honour to me and
your father shall live." The surrender was made
by weeping filial love, and next morning the brute
pointed to the father hanging before the window.
A like fate awaited the Duchies had they lis-
tened to the voice of the seducers at Villafranca.
They would have gained nothing but their own
humiliation. ,Venetia would have been as en-
slaved as ever, and they with her. This is the
answer of the Duehies to the Moniteur when it
cants about " men bent on small partial successes
rather than on the welfare of their common country."
It is most for the welfare of their common country
that any part of which can do so, should, when it
can, unite itself to a free constitutional State. To
us the whole article in the Moniteur reads like the
defence of a disappointed boaster and trickster.
Monarchs would do well not to turn advocates in
their own cause.

The Duchess of Montrose and Lady Agnes
Graham have arrived in Belgrave-square from a conti-
nental tour. The Duke of Montrose reached town last night
from Buchanan Castle, N.B.
Viscount and Viscountess Villiers have arrived at
Brighton from Upton Hall, Warwickshire.
Lord and Lady Edward Thynne have arrived at
Maiden Bradley, Somersetshire, on a visit to Lord Henry
and Lady Ulrica Thynne.
His Royal Highness the Count de Flandre
arrived yesterday at Grillion's Clarendon Hotel, en route
for Balmoral.
Her Highness the Princess Helene Kotschoubey,
with her son and daughters, has left Grillion's Clarendon
Hotel for. Paris.
The Duke of Hamilton has been staying at
Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran, since his grace's return from
the Continent. The duchess, with the youthful Marquis
of Douglas and family, is at Baden-Baden, and is not ex-
pected to leave for this country till the spring of next year.
The Marquis of Abrrcorn arrived at Brochett
Hall, Herts, on Thursday, from Baron's Court, the family
seat, in the county Tyrone.
Viscount Gage,Lord Delamere, and a select party
are staying with Mr. William and the Hon. Mrs. Tomline,
at their residence in the north of Scotland.
Amongst the distinguished visitors who arrived
at the Royal Hotel, Aberdeen, on Friday night, were Lord
and Lady Lovat, Lord and Lady Saltoun, Lord and Lady
Taunton, Lady Clifton, Sir Benjamin Brodie, Lord Hast-
ings, and Lady Edith Hastings. The Lord Chief Justice
Cockburn and party have left the Royal Hotel for the
South.
Messrs. Gonin and Co., shipbuildrrs, at Nantes,
have received orders from the Government to build nine
iron despatch boats of small tonnage, intended for local
service in the colonies. The steam-engines for these boats
are to be constructed at the ironworks of Indret.
The Zaria, a Russian pleasure yacht belonging
to Count Strogonoff, with the owner and Prince Torbitshay
on board, arrived at Havre two days back.
The Prince Regent of Prussia has left Ostend
for Baden-Baden. •
Letters from Trebisond state that the town of
Chirvan, in the government of Tiflis, had been buried
beneath a mountain thrown on it by a recent shock of
earthquake.
The Salsett.o has arrived at Melbourne with the
outward May mail.
DEATH OFMAJOR-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM
EYRE, K.C.B.—We have to record the death of Major-
General Sir William Eyre, K.C.8., late in command of the
forces in Canada who died on Thursday last, at Bilton
hall, Warwickshire, at the age of 53. The gallant General
had been in bad health for months past, and was in conse-
quence of illness compelled to resign his command in North
America, in which he was succeeded last June by Major
General Sir William Fenwick Williams, of Kars. The
deceased entered the army in 1823, and after serving in the
73d Regiment in Canaria, of which regiment he was Major,
he proceeded with that gallant corps to the Cape of Good
Hope, and while there greatly distinguished himself in both
the .ffre wars as Lieutenant-Colonel. In acknowledg-
ment of his eminent services in the last and previous war,
he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath, pro-
moted to be Colonel in the army, and appointed an Aide-de-
Camp to the Queen. On the military force being sent out
to the East the deceased was appointed to a brigade of the
Third Division of the army, which he ultimately com-
manded, with the local and temporary rank of Lieutenant-
General. He was present at the battle of the Alma, the
battle of Inkermann ; commanded the troops in the trenches
during the battle of Inkermann, and remained in the Cri-
mea until after the fall of Sebastopol, for which he received
a medal and clasps. In 1855 he was created a Knight
Commander of the Order of the Bath, was made a Coni-
mander of the Legion of Honour, a Knight of the Imperial
Order of the Medjidie of the 2d class, and was among the
general officers of the army who received the Sardinian
War medal. After his return home in June, 1856, he was
selected by the Commander-in-Chief to command the troops
in Canada. His commissions bore date as follows :—En-
sign, 17th April, 1823 ; Lieutenant, sth Nov., 1825 ; Cap-
tail:, 20th May, 1827 ; Major, 19th July, 1839 ; Lieu,enant-
Colonel, 12th November, 1844 ; Colonel, 28th May, 1853 ;
and Major-General, Dec. 12, 1854. The late General was
one of the field officers in the receipt of rewards for distin-
guished or meritorious services. Sir William was second
son of the late Vice-Admiral George Eyre, K.C.8., by the
third daughter of Sir George Cooke, Bart., of Wheatley. He
married in 1841 Miss Bridgeman Simpson, third daughter
of the late Hon. John Bridgeman Simpson.
RESCUE OF A SHIP'S CREW .—WICK, Sept. S.—
The crew of the Huntress schooner, which had shipped a
cargo of herrings in this harbour, were rescued by the new
life-boat on Tuesday last. The vessel was out in the bay
on Monday, when it began to blow strongly from the north-
east. She was warned to proceed to sea ; her crew did not
consider it necessary to do so, but chose to ride out all
night. On Tuesday morning, the gale continuing, they
hoisted a signal of distress, when the life-boat stationed at
the Salmon Rock was immediately prepared and put to sea,
fully manned, there being 15 of the crew, with Captain
Tudor, R.N. at the helm. The crew of the schooner, to
the number Of seven, with the master, were taken off, and
the boat safely returned to shore. In doing so some heavy
seas struck the life-boat in rapid succession; placing her for
a short time in great peril. She, however, behaved ad-
mirably, the self-acting valves relieving her of the heavy
seas that broke into her ; and she ultimately succeeded in
entering the harbour amidst the cheering of hundreds of
spectators who had congregated on the quays. The weather
having moderated, and the crew having been again put on
board, the vessel proceeded on her voyage. This valuable
life-boat is on the plan of those adopted by the Royal Na-
tional Life-boat Institution, and was provided, thoroughly
equipped, for Wick, by the British Fishery Society.
THE CORPORATION AND ITS GIFTS OF GRACE.—
During the space of 118 years—that is, from 1740 to 1858
—the corporation has awarded honorary grants of the free-
dom of the City of London to 110 personages of eminence
in the military and naval services, in statesmanship, law,
and commerce, and others distinguished as patriots and
benefactors of their species. The list lately published com-
menced with Vice-Admiral Vernon, who distinguished him-
self by the taking of Porto Bello, and ended with Sir John
Lawrence, the renowned Commissioner of the Punjaub,
leaving Lord Clyde, Sir J. Outram, and the Earl of Elgin out
of the category. Of the total number of 110, there were 14
persons of royal blood ; 23 generals (inclusive of brigadier-
mayors, and lieutenant-generals) ; 6 captains ; 27 admirals
(inclusive of rear and vice-admirals) ; 16 statesmen and
politicians ; 6 lawyers ; and 14 benßactors of their race by
scientific discovery, or the advancement of great reforms ;
2 reverends, and 3 foreigners. The list illustrates every
important era in our civilisation, durino•
includingthe period it em-
braces, the American and 'French wars, the
Queen's trial, slave emancipation, Parliamentary reform,
the Indian rebellion, and various extensions of the fields of
commerce and civilisation. Howevar truly historical the
grants to naval and military heroes may be, those to
the class we have designated as benefactors, possess,
perhaps, the greatest individual interest. Thus,
in the category of fourteen names, we have David
Hartley, for inventions to secure buildings from fire ;
Mr. Adams, 1800, for vending at his own risk, potatoes at
reduced prices ; Dr. Jenner ; Captain Ross ; Thomas Clark-
son, for public services in connexion with the abolition of
African slavery; Rajah Brooke, Mr. A. H. Layard, Dr.
Livingstone, and Sir 11. John Lawrence. The number of
grants represents more names than have been really added
to the lists of freemen, for in many cases, awards have
been made by Common Council at the moment when a
distinguished veteran has already received his death-
wound, and there are no fewer than seven cases in
which the personage intended to be honoured died pre-
vious to the day on which the • freedom was to be
bestowed. A few have declined the gift, as. for instance,
Sir Fletcher Noah, Knt., Speaker in 1777, H.RII.
the Prince Regent, 1811, and Andrew Stevenson, Esq.,
American Minister, 1838. Among the deaths previous to
presentation occur the names of Lord Collingwood, Sir
R. H. Sale, Major- General Sir W. Nott, and Sir Jamsetjee
Jeejeebhoy, to whom the freedom was voted in 1855, as a
testimony of respect for his renowned character as a bene-
factor of his country and mankind. The freedom is usually
presented in a gold box of the value or 100, 150, or 200
guineas ; but there are in the list of 100 presentations
eleven exceptions, in which " heart of oak" has been sub-
stituted. Admiral Keppel, H.R.H. the Prince Regent, he
Duke of Kent, Marquis Camden, Henry Brougham, M.l'.,
Stephen Lushington, :ALP., Thomas Atwood, Captain Rous.
and Sir Charles Napier are aong the number thus sigled
out for a presentation emblmematic of national ,as wnell as
civic honour.—City Press.
FATAL BOILLH EXPLOSION .—A few days ago
one of the boilers belonging to the pumping engine at Le-
vavant mine exploded. Mr. Edwards, the engineer, wes
about to leave the looilerhouse when the explosion took
place. lie was so frightfully burnt that he died on the
following day, leaving a wife and six children to mourn his
loss.— Cornish paper.
PARTRIDGE STIOOTING.—A "LONG SiloT."--At
Balerno, on the Ist of September, Mr. Scott, of Malleny's,
gamekeeper, accompanied by his nephew, went out to shoot,
and with the first shot, using only one barrel, killed 13 out
of a covey of 14 partridges. This surprising result was
sufficient to render a second shot unnecessary for that day
at least. —Edinburgh Courant

du Lac.

L TEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Renter's office :

PARMA, SEPT. 12.

The National Assembly, in its sitting of to-day,
voted unanimously and by ballot the annexation
of the province of Parmt to the Kingdom of Sar•
dinia, under the sceptre Df the glorious dynasty of

Savoy.
A solemn silence reigned in the Hall of the As-
sembly during the voting, but at the proclamation
of the result of the ballot enthusiastic cheers and
vieats to Victor Emmanuel burst forth from

all parts.
The Assembly has chosen five deputies to convey
the wishes of the population to the King of

Sardinia. '
All proposals made in yesterday's sitting have
been adopted unanimously, and the following mo-
tions have been taken into consideration :-
1. The confirmation of Signor Farini as Dictator.
2. The promulgation of the statutes of Sardinia.
3. The formation of a fund for the assistance of
the Venetian volunteers.

VIENNA, TUESDAY.

The Wiener Zietung of to-day, in its non -official
portion, publishes an article expressing satisfaction
with the article of the Moniteur, which contains
advice for the inhabitants of Central Italy.
It further states, in considering the state of
affairs in Italy from this point of view, the Moni-
teur increases the hopes for peace, and banishes the
fears which had been entertained till now.

PARIS, SEPT. 12.
The Pays of this evening states that Cout Reisel
has arrived in Paris.

The same journal asserts that Count Walewski
will leave on the 17th inst. for Biarritz, and also
that an interview between the Emperor Napoleon
and. King Leopold will take place on the 14th inst.

BERNE, SEPT. 12

The Grand Duke of Baden is expected to arrive
here at 4 o'clock to-day from Meinau. Apartments
have been engaged for his reception at the Hotel

No additional news hasbeen received from Zurich
concerning the Conferences.

MARSEILLES, SEPT. 12.
Advices received from Algeria state that a troop
of Morocco cavalry had attacked two French out-
posts on the frontiers, and had met with a repulse.

TOULOUSE, SEPT. 12

The King of the Belgians arrived here to-day at
2.45 p.m. To-morrow his Majesty proceeds to
Bordeaux, and is expectedlto reach Biarritz on the
following day (Wednesday).

PARIS, SEPT. 13.
The /lion/tem* of this morning publishes the fo.

lowing message :

" TARBES, Monday, Sept. 12

" Their Majesties have left for Biarritz. They
were received with enthusiastic acclamations by the
populace everywhere along their passage."

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY.

A letter from St. Sauveur says :"—" Colonel the
Marquis de Toulongeon, aide-de-camp to the Em-
peror, has written to the mayor of Pau to state
that as his Majesty will be obliged to remain to the
12th at St. Sauveur to complete the season he will
not have a day to, spare, End their Majesties, con-

sequently, are obliged to give up all idea of passing
through that place: It has been stated that t e
Emperor and Empress made an excursion to Cau-
terets. The first person their Majesties received
there was an old woman of 71, who had been bath-

ing-woman to Queen Hortense on her Majesty's
visit to Caute:.ets: The Emperor gave her a most
kind reception, and after presenting her to the Em-
press, interrogated her about her age and position,
and also as to what she semembered of his august
mother. She was dismissed with a handsome present.
As their Majesties were about to enter their car-
riage to leave, the mayor offered the Emperor a small
medal, and gave this history of it. It was given by
Queen Hortense to the man who had acted as her
guide
and he preserved it as a precious relic to the
,
time of his decease at an advanced age, 12 years
ago. On his death-bed he called his son and said,
Take this medal, and present it to the son of Queen
Hortense when he comes to Cauterets !' The m-
peror and Empress appeared much moved at this
statement, and the former accepted the medal. In
the course of their stay their Majesties visited the
Lake de Gaube. His Majesty having there per-
ceived a boat, examined it to ascertain that it and
the oars were sound. He then requested the Em-
press to enter, and her Majesty after some hesitation
did so. The Emperor afterwards for some time
; roNwd the Empress about, and displayed a skill in
rowing which surprised the persons who witnessed
the scene."
- The Independence of Brussels has the following :
—" A letter which we have received from Paris
speaks of a project for establishing a kingdom of
Etruria, with Prince Napoleon at the head of it.
The writer pretends that Austria and France have
come to an understanding to regulate the affairs
of Central Italy by a direct and personal under-
standing between the two Emperors. The combi-
nation proposed, which in the eyes of its pro-
moters takes equally into account both monarchi-
cal and popular rights, is to this effect :—The
Archdukes are to cede to the head of the house of
Hapsburg, as chief of their family, the rights
which they respectively possess to Tuscany and
Modena, and the Emperor Francis-Joseph, in his
t urn, is to cede the same to Prince Napoleon. The
Prince is then to add to these possessions Paripa
and the Legations, and the whole are to form a
kingdom of. Etruria of which he is to be King.
Nevertheless, as regards the Legations, the Priece
is only to govern them as vassal of the Church, and
is to pay homage and tribute to the Pope. On his
part, the Emperor of the French is to use his
influence with Victor Emmanuel to induce him to
persuade the populations of Central Italy to give
their suffrages to Louis Napoleon. It is said that
it was in order to submit this plan to the Emperor
Napoleon that Prince Richard de Metternich went
to St. Savueur. The persons who put these
rumours in circulation add that the Archdukes
have given their consent to the plan. The
Duke of Modena, they say, will not even
ask for a compensation, as he has no children,
and as on his death his States revert to the Crown
of Austria. Of the Duke of Parma nothing is said ;
but as to the son of Leopold 11. of Tuscany, Ferdi-
nand IV, ii; is said that an equivalent has been
promised him in the remodelling of the East, which
would,be the object of the new Austro-French al-
liance. It is even said that the compensation made
to this Prince may be the throne of the Danubian
Principalities. These Principalities desire to be go-
verned by a foreign Prince, and would try to in-
duce Colonel Couza to retire, provided Europe con-
sents to place them under the sceptre of a foreig:i
and Christian Prince."
The Ladependance remarks as follows on the
preceding rather startling statements :
" As in these agitated times no indication which
may lead to the discovery of truth must be ne-
glected. we have not thought right to withhold the
above details. They may have no serious founda-
tion—may be the inventions of newsmongers who
know not what else to say ; but they may also be of
diplomatic origin, and in that case it would not be
judicious to reject them as pure inventions. In Italy
the plan proposed would not encounter any great
difficulties ; but the same would not be ; the case
amongst the great powers of Europe. England, in

particular, would protest very energetically against
a state of things which would tend to give France
direct influence in Italy; and we doubt that Russia,
on her part, would be favourable to the installation
of a Napoleonian dynasty at Florence—the procla-
mation of the Murats at Naples would in that case
become too easy."
There is a manifest inconsistency between the
sort of anti-papal pressure which. is being applied in
Rome, and a desertion of the cause of the Italian
people. The accounts of what has passed between
the Pope and M. Grammont are, we know, con-
firmed by the Roman correspondent of the Univers ;
yet we have this, afternoon the following in the
Gazette de France :—" We regard as a pure calumny
this version of the story circulated by several
Roman correspondents, which admits that, false to
its promise, the French Government is exerting
pressure upon the Pope, in order to make him give
up Romagna to the revolution and Piedmont."
One inevitable consequence of the discussion
forced upon the public attention by the present
course of events will be much enlightenment as to that
strange confusion of the monarch with the bishop,
the policeman with the priest, which form the base
of that cumbrous edifice called the Papal system.
All wise men who, either from the force of habit or
from conviction, subscribe to Roman Catholic dog-
mas and practise Roman Catholic forms, will re-
joice, as the foolish and bigotted will grieve, at the
dispersion of the darkness under cover of which so
much error has been perpetuated.
The French are accused of irreligion and scepti-
cism. The fact is they are too inquiring to be cre-
dulous, too logical to be bigotted, and too morally
independent for priestly domination. The Catholic
system, for many reasons, suits the national tempera-
ment ; so the mass of the nation is outwardly Catho-
lic ; bat it will never be possible to keep such a peo-
ple within the trammels or leading strings which
it is the policy of Rome to impose upon her chil-
dren ; and each attempt to do so, whether by cle-
rical intervention or by the ordinary organ of
ultramontanipm, does but provoke such further
examinations and inquiry as cannot fail to throw
more and more discredit on the cause of the Papal
system as at present comprehended.
M. Adolphe Gueroult thus shows, in the Opinion
.2Vationale, how of late years the claims of Rome to
infallibility have been pushed to an unprecedented
extent by that ultra-retrogade party of which Louis
Veuillot is the Corypheus :
In France infallibility has never been attributed
by reasonable Catholics but to the head of the
Church pronouncing supremely in matters of faith
in conformity with tradition and in harmony with
the council. The Church, according to this notion,
which is that of Bossuet, formed a monarchy, but
r sort of representative monarchy, tempered by the
intervention of councils. In proportion as faith has
become weakened, the Ultramonta,nes have thought
it good policy to try and regain in theory what
they had lost in practice. They have, therefore,
represented the Church as an absolute monarchy,
the Pope as pronouncing alone and uncontrolled,
and in seeking to fortify him they have isolated
him. But as the spirit of sect and party never
abandons an idea without having pushed it to ab-
surdity, it is now not sufficient to represent the Pope
as a spiritual sovereign personally infallible in all
matters of faith. By degrees the infallibility of the
Pontiff has been communicated to the sovereign,
from the sovereign to the ministers, from the mi-
nisters to their subaltern agents ; and to such an
extent has this been carried, that in the eyes of a
host of good souls in the Papal States, the humblest
sacristan is supposed marvellously to reflect some of
their infallibility. The same prestige naturally
extending from persons to their actions, all blame
becomes an act of impiety, all criticism a sacrilege ;
abuses becomes sacred, the most monstrous customs
become articles of faith. While in the rest of the
world everything changes, is modified, and re-
newed, the greater part of the institutions of
Rome represent nothing but a sort of crystallisa-
tion of the middle ages—something more foreign
to our habits than China itself.
The latest Imperial article in the Moniteur was
sent direct from the private cabinet of the Empe-
ror, and was in the handwriting of M. Mocquard,
private secretary to the Emperor, who had been
summoned to St. Sauveur qd hoc.
An article appears in the kcieele under the head-
ing of " The English Alliance," which, but for its
appearance in a journal habitually just and friendly
in its tone towards us, and for its being signed
by a writer of some pretension to candour
and intelligence, would be altogether unworthy
of notice on this side of the water. Indeed, we
only note it as a melancholy evidence of the
miserable jealousy of England still rankling in the
breasts of a certain class of Frenchmen. The writer
of this article, M. Louis Jourdan (one of those St.
Simonian socialists who make the best converts to
the Empire) professes his leaning to the English
alliance, but insists that France can remain on good
terms with England only on condition of England
abating and abandoning the predominance which
she has displayed ever since 1815, and to which she
has no longer any claim. In short, M. Louis
Jourdan paraphrases with a little more pomposity
the letter of " H.," in the Independance Beige,
which was lately disavowed by the Constitutionnel.
He concludes by threatening England with oce
of those affronts which every nation in
Europe (except England) has suffered in its turn,
in case she will not humble herself before the moral
predominance which the abolition of free institu-
tions has bestowed upon France. We know not
whether M. Jourdan addresses his warnings to our
Commission of national defences, but we can assure
him that he is perfectly welcome to the sort of pre-
dominance which the Empire confers upon its
subjects in the opinion of Europe. We can only
regret that a journal calling itself liberal can at this
day descend to the wretched task of raking up the
animosities of the past, and pandering to prejudices
which ought to be extinct. After all M. Louis
Jourdan is only echoing, not very successfully, the
Union, the Universe, and the • Gazette de France ;
and does he imagine that England is to be terrified
by big words?
BOURSE, Sept. 12.—The market has been de-
pressed owing to a fall of ',3-4 on the Consols, caused
by unfavourable accounts from China. Threes,
after having been done at 68f. 55c., declined to
68f. 30e., but are now at 66f. 50c. Mobilier varied
from 805 f. to 787 f. 50c.; Austrian, 540 f. to 532 f.
50c. ; Lombard, 552 f. 50c. to 550 f. ; Orleans,
1,365 f. to 1,360 f. The following were the last

quotations :-
4i per Cents. 94 25 Credit Fonder.... 670
Do. end month I Belgian 41 .
3 per Cents 6B 35 Piedmonteso (5) .
Do. end month 6B 35 Roman
Bank Shares...... 2780 Austrian
Cr6dit Mobilier 780 Spanish Threes
150. Account - 780 Some Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans . 1365 -- .. 1365
Northern . ....
New ditto BO5 .. 805
Lyons 'and MGditerranean 865 .. 867
t ;eneva —
Southern ' 5OO
Western 575 .
Eastern
Sardinian
Num 'inn

501 25

The Peace of Villafranca exercises an influence
throughout even these small islands, and will, it
may be presumed, somewhat check the zealous
votaries for union with Greece, and, perhaps, cool

the ardour of the most loquacious member of the
lonian Parliament, whenever that august assembly
next meets. Sir Henry Storks has just issued the
following proclamation proroguing the lonian Par-
liament :

" In virtue of the 19th Article of the Ist Chapter of the
Constitutional Charter, the Lord High Commissioner is
pleased further to prorogue the present session of the 11th
Parliament from the 10th day of September to the 10th day
of December, 1859, N.S."
As long as this wholesome prerogative of the
Crown is resorted to the Seven Islands will con-
tinue to enjoy general tranquillity, and her Ma-
jesty's Government be rid of the nuisance of seeing
itself exposed. to the noisy and clamorous vitupera-
tions of the stipended deputies of the lonian House
of Assembly