The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-11 00:00:00

INDIA AND CHINA.

By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we (Times)
have received our private correspondence and papers
from Calcutta to the 9th Jan., and from Hongkong
to the 30th Dec.

The following is the letter of our Calcutta corre-
spondent

"CALCUTTA, JAN. 9.

" Two important orders have been issued during
the week. By the first the Punjab is raised into a
Lieutenant-Governorship :

" " FOREIGN DEPARTMENT.

ALLAHABAD, JAN. 1, 1859.

" " tinder authority received from her Majesty's Secretary
of State for India, the Right Hon. the Viceroy and
Governor-General is pleased to resolve that a separate
Lieutenant-Governorship for the territories on the extreme
northern frontier of her Majesty's Indian Empire shall be
established ; and that the Punjab, the tracts commonly
called the Trans-Sutlej States,' the ' Cis-Sutlej States,'
and the 'Delhi Territory,' shall form the jurisdiction of the
Lieutenant-Governor.

" 'G. F. EDMONSTONE, Secretary to the
Government of India, with the Governor-
G eneral.'

" The new Presidency contains a population, in-
cluding both subjects and dependents, of nearly
22,000,000 and will shortly be garrisoned by an
army of 17,000 Europeans and 45,000 Sikhs. The
change makes no theoretical difference in the
authority of the Chief Commissioner. He is still
bound to obey all orders of the Supreme Govern-
ment, to submit all proceedings, to carry out heartily
any policy the Governor-General may please to
initiate ; but in practice he obtains considerable
power—a right of deciding on details without refer-
ence, and increased authority over his own local
army. No measure, of course, can increase the
influence of Sir John Lawrence, who, to Lord
Canning's credit be it spoken, though sometimes
crossed on little matters, is, on great questions, an
independent ruler. But the new status will add
greatly to the dignity, and therefore to the inde-
pendence, of his successor. That successor has been
at length definitively selected in the person of Mr.
Montgomery, the Chief Commissioner of Oude.
The choice lay between him and Mr. Edmonstone,
and the latter has been preferred for the North-
west Provinces. Both are admirable selections;
both are thoroughly familiar with their provinces,
and both have a reputation for that stern energy
which for years will be the sine qua non of Indian
politicians.

"The second order decrees the disarming of the
whole of Upper India :-

"‘ ALLAHABAD, DEC. 21, 1858
" NOTIFICATION.

" ' The Right Hon. the Governor-General has been
pleased to extend the provisions of sections 1,2, and 5, Act
XXVIII., 1857, to the North-Western Provinces of the
Bengal Presidency.

" ' His Lordship having resolved on disarming such parts
of those provinces as are to the north of the rivers Jumna
and Ganges, has farther been pleased under section 24, Act
XXVIII., 1857, to authorise a general search and seizure
of arms by the magistrates and collectors within the tract
above specified. The magistrate and collector may delegate
the same authority to any officer of his establishment of a
rank not lower than a Jemadar.

" ' By order of his Excellency the Right Hon. the Go
vernor- General,
" ' W. M UIR, Secretary to Government, N.IV.P.'

"The Punjab was disarmed by Lord Dalhousie
the moment he had annexed it, but in the North-
west and Oude the population have been armed for
generations. In Oude every man up to 1858 had a
musket. In the North-west all the fighting classes
possess firearms, and the entire population own,
though they do not always carry, swords. They are
all to be taken away, and the magistrates have so
long petitioned for the measure that they will carry
it out to the full. Even the club, the iron-bound
bamboo, carried by every grown man, and a most
formidable weapon, is to be surrendered. At pre-
sent even Lord Clyde, who is thorougly aware of
the political difficulties involved in a huge Euro-
pean army, is still said to have recommended that
the permanent force should not be reduced below
85,000 men. It is understood, moreover, that one
small fortification will be raised in every station
in the North-west, so as to render the seizure
of treasure or the simultaneous massacre of all
Europeans a difficult and hazardous operation.
These three points, on all of which the Government
seems at length drifting in the right direction, are
essential to gentle administration. With 50,000
Europeans, no natives carrying firearms, and one
fortified place in each station, we shall be strong
enough to lay aside suspicion and the severity it
induces.

"The campaign in Oude is very nearly over.
The fort of Nanparah was taken on Dec. 27, and
the Begum is reported to have surrendered. The
enemy, who occupied the place in great force, evacu-
'ated it in a panic, and retreated further into the
jungle, and the only fear expressed was lest they
should contrive once more to march round the
attacking column."

CHINA.-
HONG KONG, DEC. 30.
We have no political intelligence of any interest.
Of the Yang-tzse expedition nothing has been heard
which can be relied on, but the Chinese in Canton
state that the fleet had reached Hankow, and
created great alarm among the inhabitants, who
were doubtful as to the object of the visit. His
Excellency Baron Gros is here at present.

From Cochin China there is no news.
Canton remains quiet, and our European troops
are very healthy.

A fair business has been done during the past
fortnight in Canton, and moderate transactions
have taken place here also.

Exchange has declined. Bank bills on London,
4s. 7d. ; credits, 4s. 71d.
Imports have been in good demand, and stocks
of English manufactures are small. The following
transactions are reported for both places :
Cotton-2,749
.bales Bombay sold. Quotations
are—for common, tls. Bto tls. 9.9 ; middling to
good, tls. 10.3 to tls. 11; fine, tls. 11.5 to tls. 12.4.
Cotton Yarn.-376 bales sold. Nos. 28-32 are
much inqUired for.

Tea..--Higher prices paid for each purchase and
the teamen remain very firm. It was hoped that
the news of the 9th of November would induce
somewhat easier prices, but such has not been the
case, the Chinese being quite alive to the effect of
a short supply, which receives daily confirmation.
Only ten chops have come to market during th•
fortnight; and stocks are reduced to three chops of
old Congou, six chops new and eight chops old
Souchong; while the total export from China to
Great Britain shows a decrease of 4,215,0001 b., as
compared with 1857-58, and 12,180,0001 b., with
1856-57.

The export to America is also 1,000,0001 b. short,
and stocks at all the ports are very trivial.

ARRIVALS FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

At Hong Kong.—Dec. 18, Wm. Hammond and Van-
guard, from London; Dec. 22, Uncle Toby; Dec. 23,
Abeona ; Dec. 25, Ticonderago—all from Liverpool.
At Shanghai.—Dec. 9, Woodville, from London, and
Livingstone, from Shields ; Dec. 22, Star of the North,
from London.

DEPARTURES FOR GREAT BRITAIN.
From Maeas.—Dec. 10, Wynaud, for London.
From Whampea.—Dec. 7, Celestial ; Dec. 19, Dora—
both for London.
From Foochoow.—Dec. 8, Spirit of the Age, for London.
From Shanghai.--Dec. 9, Amiens ; Dec. 12, Akbar ;
Dec. 13, John Masterman—all for London.

A painful case of lynching has occurred at
Nebraska. The mob broke into the gaol at Omah, took
from it a couple of horse thieves, and hung them from a
tree, back to back. Through design or mistake, the rope,
instead of being placed around the neck of one of them, was
drawn through the mouth, the knot being upon the nape of
the neck.. In his horrible struggle to release himself, he had
worn all the flesh off his right arm below the elbow, bursting
several veins upon his neck and left arm. His sufferings
must have been horrible, and the appearance of both plainly
showed how terrible had been their dying struggles.
PUBLICATION OF IMPORTANT OFFICIAL INDIAN
DOCUMENTS.—We have been informed—and the informa-
tion has afforded us much satisfaction—that among other
beneficial practices introduced by Lord Stanley into the
system of conducting business at the India-office, is one
intended to secure a larger amount of publicity for the acts
of the Indian Government, both at home and abroad, than
has hitherto been accorded to them. , Orders have, we are
told, been issued to the different secretaries, directing them
to select for publication every year all the most important
papers in their department, not of a nature to demand se-
crecy. We may expect therefore, every year a collection of
far more valuable Indian blue-books than Parliament has
ever extracted from an unwilling Government.--Overland

QUESTIONABLE LEGALITY OF THE CONDUCT
OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND.