The Sun.
London, England, 1861-10-18 00:00:00

sons composing it, and finally the situation of the
country, requiring at every moment the interference
of the authorities for the maintenance of order,
have retarded the final elaboration of the projects of
laws, as well as their transmission to the Depart-
ments of the Council.

" The reports, however, of the chiefs of all the
branches of the administration for the year 1860,
the budget for 1862, and some other projects of
laws, made up in committees, will be submitted for
your deliberation.

"I must especially call your attention, gentlemen,
to the important project for the conversion of the
corvee into tenant's rates, which will have great
influence upon the peace and prosperity of the
country.

"1 conclude, gentlemen, in expressing the hope
that you will exert yourselves firmly and con-
jointly in getting acquainted with the real wants
of the country, in order to enable me to lay them
at the foot of the throne, as the legal expression of
well-matured wishes."

It will be se en that the whole speech contains
nothing but generalities, and carefully avoids any
mention of the vital questions of public education,
reform in the judicature, and financial affairs. As
regards the regulation of the question of rural
duties, it is mere derision to put it as a matter of
deliberation to the Assembly as any project emanat-
ing from local sources, and is sure not to meet ideas
of the Government, whose principal object, at least
in the Polish provinces, is .to keep this important
question unsettled, and thus to keep up uneasiness
and mutual distrust between the peasants and the
upper classes.

Simultaneously with the opening of the session
of the Council, and whilst the elections were pro-
ceeding, a circular, signed by Mr. Wielopolski,
Director of the Home Department and of Public
Instruction, has been sent to the chiefs of the Ad-
ministration in the provinces, increasing the rigour
of the state of war, and giving greater latitude
to the power of the military commanders. As is
generally known, the state of war proclaimed in
1833 has not been since suppressed. On the con-
trary, General Suchozanet has republished the
ukase instituting it. There is, therefore, no ques-
tion of proclaiming a state of war, but of strength-

ening it.
After the lapse of five weeks, during which some
organic, practical, and satisfactory work was ex-
pected from General Lambert, we learn, without
any surprise, we confess, that those who surround
him, men belonging to the old system, have advised
him, as the only means of pacification, to put the
country under the heavy repression of the soldiery,
and to entrust such men as Zaycow, Wagner,
Roznow, Fenshave, Petrow, with unlimited
and irresponsible power. lam one of those who
never put any reliance or hope in fine words,
and pompously-announced reforms, and who see in
them but a veil covering the old brutal and demo-
ralising oppression and despotism, which, in the
present general state of Europe and Russia's own
weakness and embarrassments, it is rather dangerous
to prosecute openly.

According to the ukase of 1833, proclaiming the
state of war, the Viceroy had only the right to
qualify whether the persons inculpated were to be
delivered up to the courts-martial or to the
regular tribunals. But in accordance with the
above-named circular, this right is not only ex-
tended to the military commanders of the provinces
and districts, to the commanding officers of the
garrisons, and of smaller detachments, but in minor
localities even to the majors of towns and officers of
gendarmerie, who can thus rule with exceptional
laws, institute courts-martial, and decide whether
an action is to be qualified and dealt with as a poli-
tical offence.

Such a measure can but open a wider field to the
arbitrariness of the military and its chiefs, often
men utterly ignorant and unprincipled, and in-
crease, on the other hand, the agitation and un-
easiness of the country, and thus paralyze the work
of legal organisation for which the country is
striving with all the strength at its command.

TRIAL OF THE WARRIOR.

This ship, the first afloat of England's iron-clad
navy, made her official trial of speed at the measured
mile in Stokes-bay, near Portsmouth, yesterday, in
charge of Captain Broadhead, commanding the
steam reserve at the port, and under the supervision
of Mr. Lloyd, engineer-in-chief to the Admiralty ;
Messrs. Murray and Miller, heads of the engineer-
ing department of the dockyard • and Mr. Eames,
acting inspector afloat. Messrs. Matthew and Holli-
day represented the builders of the machinery,
Messrs. Penn and Sons. Sir John Pakington arrived
at Portsmouth the previous night in order to be
present at the trial of the ship, for the construction
of which he had given the order when in office, since
which time ho has always displayed the deepest
interest in her progress up to her triumphant suc-
cess of yesterday—a success unparalleled in the
history of steamships of war as regards their rate
of speed at the measured mile. Among the visitors
on board during the trial were Mr. Isaac Watts.
the designer of the ship, and Chief-Constructor of
the Navy; Admiral H. Collier; Mr. Peter Rolt and
Captain Ford, of the Thames Iron Shipbuilding
Company ; Mr. Craddock, master builder of Ports-
mouth Dockyard ; Commander lierbert, her Ma-
jesty's ship Excellent ; and other officers. Since
the ship's cruise on Monday her funnels have each
been lengthened six feet to improve the draught of
her furnaces, which during the trial of yesterday
was found to answer most effectually. By tem-
porary up and downcast air-shafts, on plans sug-
gested by Captain Cochrane, the ventilation of the
engine-room and stokeholes had also been improved
to a great extent, on an average in the latter to as
much as 30 degrees less heat, and by the results of
the temporary experiments of yesterday it is antici-
pated that they may eventually be rendered as
cool as those of any other steamship of the navy. A
great deal remains to be done to remedy this defect
at present, but from the energy which Captain
Cochrane has already displayed in the matter, and
the success which has already attended his efforts,the
subject may be safely left in his hands. The ship
got her anchor and turned ahead from her moorings
at Spithead at 9 20 a.m., and first steamed out to-
wards the Nab Light vessel. Between the two
light-ships, the ship's head was turned round and
laid for the trial ground in Stokes-bay, through
which two runs were made before fairly entering
on the mile, owing to the boilers partially priming.
The first run was entered upon at 68 min. 22 sec.
past 10, the engines at the time making 55 revolu-
tions. The distance was run, with the tide, in 3
min. 38 sec., which gave the ship a speed of 16.514
knots. On the second mile the revolutions of the
engines were 54; the time 4 min. 57 sec., against
the tide, and the speed in knots 12.121. The revo-
lutions of the engines on the third run were 541,
time of the run 3 min. 38 sec., the same as the first
run, and speed also the same, 16.514 knots. The
fourth run the engines made 531 revolutions, the
tine in which the run was made being 4 min. 50
sec.' and the speed of the ship 12.413 knots. On
the fifth run the revolutions of the engines again
reached their maximum point, 55, the time being
3 min. 43 sec., and the speed of the ship 16.142
knots. In the sixth and concluding run, the engines
made 531 revolutions, the time being 4 min. 47 sec.,
and the ship's speed 12.543 knots. These runs give
the following results :—First mean speeds in knots
—14.338, 14.338, 14.463, 14.278, 14.343. Second
mean speeds-14.338,14.400, 14.370, 14.310. True
mean speed—that is, the actual speed attained by
the ship as shown by the results of her six miles'
trial-14.354 knots. The ship had 760 tons of
Nixon's navigation coal on board, of the same quality
as that used on board her Majesty's yacht Victoria
and Albert, and four months' provisions under
hatches, together with all her sea stores, drawing
26ft. sin. of water aft and 25ft. 6in. forward. The
average pressure of steam was 221 b., the vacuum in
the condensers being 2511 b. The propeller was an
improved Griffiths% of 24ft. 6in, diameter and 30ft.
pitch. The temperature in the engine-room
ranged from 82 deg. on the platform to 92 deg,
at the back of the cylinders. In the forward stoke-
hole it ranged from 94 deg. to 109 deg., and
in the after stokehole from 82 deg. to 129 deg.
The indicated horse-power of the engines Was
5,560.8. It is almost unnecessary to add here what
has been said several times before, that the engines
worked in a most satisfactory manner, as the speed
gained by the ship yesterday and the accounts which
have already been published of their previous per-
formances will sufficiently satisfy thepuebst3T,iinloci.
on that point. It is almost equally i
the same reasons, to say that there was a total ab-
sence of vibration in the ship, the only feeling ap-
proaching to that great destroyer of our steamships
of war being the mere beat of the screw in its revo-
lutions through the water. As an illustration of this,
the Warrior could fire her 100-pounder guns, for-
ward and aft, when at full speed, with a certainty
of hitting the object fired at if within reasonable
distance, whereas a wooden ship would fire the same
gun; with a certainty duct hitting the object; 14