The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-22 00:00:00

~.-----/-1.--Z-6
r -, V-‘, ',
,•
. .
1:iftt5;.‘174,..,,\;:;) '_,..,'' .7 ..1,A.:4:•• t 0 .4,,.
- -
Pis \ 7tt4t. IN ,
i
. ~
•
:./.'.1.:, ,ft . *.„=. , A •
,\
~,. ,
~,A, ::„...‘"
41)1461::,
dt
„...... 4(
/,/,7,747a6.1
~.:
. .... .
,I, ' ..------0. 4 • ,44... ......-.4,
....
1 -, ~..... .,...
(.., -,....r_.....,,,,, 4 • -V .. ~ ~, ‘,....-" k,. A,..,.,1A ‘
I ':. :.
..------------'
I,
....
r';...-.: , I
,52:1„..
1 -,'''
i01i-
.., . , „,..„ i'§, i,,- , ..."-ry
6,6 .-'. ' -, ---% „.; ... Y`' , --. - ':\T-,------- .7k . iiiii::,,i4j'citi ',,v-4,
.„.,...___.",,,,
.010.:, ,;-•......"' ',..,.-3.-' 4. c1r,,.•
.t. .p.. 4
~.,..:
~
)
1.7.4.4 li ).4.,„ • . lk _t r
4111.0- ''
-ir...
(4:14.,..' '
\ i ;it t,', ' —....•,/-, c‘ist .—,- .. .4,1! ...... ~,-., -
' \ ggi.- .. , .
.S. '4l'. I '''`;'.- -,9*--v , pi, 1,10-0 t:...., ",11 i.t ~..e...- •
~..
N,.....::____..c...-ft.4'' .
..... .. „I if- r ~,"

.P.TEVJ S PAPER

"'-
!
(
_
combined at Paris in 1880, may decoolkoi . '
-
ko it. ..._ .'...
" And, let it be observed, the last decisioVthetait bP
contrary to that of 1815, would not bear the same.character
aa,the first. In 1815 the Powers disposed of the people of
Romagna ; in 1860, if they are not placed under the autho-
rity of the Pope, the Powers of Europe only formally record
the fait accompli.
" The competence of the Congress, then, cannot be dis-
puted ; for, if it were now denied to be competent, it would
be necessary to declare that the Congress of Vienna, the
majority of which were representatives of great schismatic
Powers, had no right to dispose of the territory of Romagna
and its population in favour of the Pope.
" It may be said, perhaps, that the territory of the Pope
is indivisible; this is 'an error, contradicted by history.
There exists no territory that has undergone more changes
and viciasgudes than the patrimony of St. Peter. Given
'by Pepin to Pope Stephen 11., it reverted again to the
Empire, was contended for by rival claimants, and was
not restored to the Holy See till the reign of Louis XII.
It was the same with the Legations, which, after many
struggles, were only annexed to the Roman States by Louis
do Goezaga. Finally, in 1796, a Pope, Pius VI., signed at
'Tolentino, a treaty that ceded to France, in perpetuity, for
him and his successor, Bologna, Ferrara, and the Romagna.
The Pope equally renounced any rights he might have
posSessed over the cities and territories of Avignon, and the
" Venaissin corn te that now forms the department of Vaucl use.
" Infact, in 1791, Avignon, which had rebelled against
the Pope's Legate, demanded to be united to. France, and au .
Act of the Constituent Assembly effected this 'annexation,
'which was only recognised by the Pdpe in the Treaty of
Tolentino.

" Now, either the territory of the Church, as some main-
tain, is an inalienable and indivisible patrimony.that may
not be touched—in which case the sovereignty over the
Department of Vaucluse ought to be restored to the Popo
—or else this territory is, like all others, liable to changes,
and then it is permitted to pious, but independent minds, to
discuss it more or less of extent. It is well known that
nothing compels a Pope to cede it; and it is before the
most redoubtable force that his weakness is most invin-
cible, when it has right for its protection.

"The territory of the Papal States, therefore, is no more
indivisible than its extent is invariable. Like all possessions.
this one is subjected to the influence of events; it is extended
or diminished according as its interests and the general
necessities of policy. impose changes upon it. In this re-
spect nothing is exempted. Only the spiritual authority of
the Pope is immutable, like the truths it represents and the
doctrines it teaches. As to the temporal authority allied to
the other, it, by a superior principle, ,necessarily remains
subjected to all the conditions of human thiggs. To endow
with a divinity that which is only human:would be to lower
the power that is Divine, and give the character of eternity
to institutions as mutable and fledgeling as the accidents,
the changes, and tho progress of society.
" All the reasons that are brought forward to impeach
the competence of the Congress, and fetter its freedom of
action, aro thererore valueless. Europe, which; in 1815,
could sacrifice Italy, can, in 1860, emancipate and save her.
The right of acting is the same ; the only question is its
better application.
"As to the special objection that the majority of the great
Powers being schismatic, they are by that fact alone ren-
dered incompetent to deprive the Pope of one of his pro-
vinces, we reply—since these same Powers in 1815 gave
them to the Pope, they have certainly the right to consider
whether they can or cannot leave them in his possession in
1860.
• "What is to be done in the actual position of affairs to
conciliate interests that appear irreconcilable ?
"Two extreme parties aro opposed to each other—one
wishei to deprive fhe Pope of everything, the other to give
him all. They are two hypotheses equally inadmissablo,
and both, though radically contrary to each other, would
have the same result for the Papacy.
" We believe there is another coarse that may be taken.
First, wo wish that the Congress, should recognize as an
essential principle of European order, the necessity of the
temporal power of tho Pope. That is for us the chief point.
The principle here appears to us to have more value than
the territorial possession, more or less extensive, that will
be its natural consequence. As for this territory itself, the
city of Rome includes all that is most important in it ; the
rest is only secondary. The city of Rome and the Patri-
mony of St. Peter must be guaranteed to the . Sovereign
Pontiff by the great Powers, withu considerable revenue,
that the Catholic States will pay,'as a tribute of respect And
protection to the Head. of the Church. An Italian Militia,
chosen from the elite of the Federal army, should assure the
trstnquillity and inviolability of the Holy See. Municipal
liberties, as extensive as possible, should release, the Papal
Government from all the details of administration, and thus
give a share of public local life to those who 'are disinherited
of political activity. Finally, every complication, every
idea of war and of revolt, must be for ever banished from
the territory governed by the Pope, that it may be said,
where reigns the Vicar of Christ there also reign well-
being, concord, and peace.
"It is the task of the Congress to effect this transforma-
tion, become necessary to consolidate the temporal autho-
rity of Rome. As we have before said, this consolidation
is absolutoly connected with the interests of Europe. As a
temporal and divine institution, the Papacy has nothing to
fear from men; it is eternal. As a political institution it is
exposed to all the trials and calamities that imponiover all
human things. Well I it is important to tho secaity and
honour of all that it should not be attacked in the constitu-
tion it has received from time and history. Catholic or
schismatic, the great Powers have the same interest, for the
independence of the head of the Church is not only a ques-
tion of conscience and religion ; it is also a guarantee of the
moral equilibrium of the world. This great cause, there-
fore, cannot be indifferent to any ono ; and we know no cause
more worthy of the arbitration of those who are called on to
judge it.
"Of what avail are any illusions ? By a combination of
many circumstances, by a succession of causes that go far
back into history, the temporal power of the Pope is seri-
ously menaced in the conditions uuder which it is now
exercised. It is a great calamity, which we deplore from
the bottom of our hearts ; but it is also a great danger,
which it is the duty of all—men of the world and religious
men alike—to lessen, for the good of the Church as for the
interests of Europe. The Holy See is placed en a volcano,
and the Pontiff, who is charged by God to maintain peace
in the world, is himself constantly threatened with a revo-
lutioxso Ho, the august representative of the highest moral
authority on earth, can only maintain himself by the pro-
tection of foreign armies. These military occupations only
protect hhir by compromising him. They excite against
him all the susceptibilities of the national feeling. They
prove that he cannot rely on the love and respect of his
people.
" It is a deplorable position that only blindness and im-
prudence can wish to prolong, but which enlightened and
respectful attachment requires should be changed as soon as
possible. The change is both necessary and urgent, and
only the declared enemies or blind friends of the Papacy
can resist it. The question is not that of diminishing the
patrimony of St. Peter, but of saving it.
" When France declared itself in favour of Italy this
great interest, the safety of the Papacy, was certainly one
of the most serious pro. occupations of the policy of its So-
vereign. The Emperor Napoleon saw that the temporal
power of the Popo, restored in 1849, and since protected by
his arms, was gravely menaced in the conditions of its poli-
tical existence. He saw that it was necessary to save the
Papacy in emancipating Italy. God has blessed his enter-
prise, and has given him the victory ; but his glory would
be sterile if, in giving its nationality to a people, he did not
assure to the Church its security and independence.

"The Emperor Napoleoa 1., by the Concordat with
Rome, reconciled a new society and the faith. With the
genius of a statesman, and the conscience of an honest man,
he raised an altar and restored a worship in this noble
France, humiliated by the scepticism, and degraded by the
anarchy, :which, at a period of madness, called itself the
goddess Reason. •
" May his heir have the honour in his turn to reconcile
the Pope as temporal S4vereign, with his subjects and his
age 1 This is what all hearts sincerely Catholic ought to
ask of Heaven."

THE NEW HEAD-MASTER AT HARROW SCHOOL.
—The WolverhanaPion Chronicle of yesterday informs us
that on Sunday last the Bishop of Lichfield, at his ordina-
tion at Eccleshall, Staffordshire, was pleased to confer the
order of priesthood on the ROY. H. M. Butler, MA.,
Head-Master of Harrow Schocl, vice Dr. Vaughan, re-
signed. Mr. Butler at the time of his election was only in
deacon's orders.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—Holloway's Pills and Ointment.—
Indigestion—Bilious Headache.—These complaints may
sometimes be considered trifling, but it should be borne in
mind that by simple inattention and neglect they often end
most seriously. Give early thought to a deranged stomach :
take Holloway's Pills, rub his celebrated Ointment over the
stomach and liver; you will at once perceive the change
for the better in your digestion, spirits, appetite, strength,
and energy. The improvement, though it may be gradual,
will be thorough and lasting. They preserve from a re-
currence of the malady. Holloway's Pills will be found to
purify the blood, and give healthy action to every organ ;
and his Ointment beneficially influences, throegh the skin,
both superficial and deep structures.
[ADVERTISEMENT.I—It is ever a pleasing duty for a
journalist to introduce to his readers some discovery calcu-
lated to benefit that vast portion of our fellow creatures
which has the strongest chums upon our sympathies. It is
with tl is feeling that we call the attention of invalids
to the following extracts from Du Barry's interesting
report of cures without medicine of indigestion (dys-
pepsia), flatulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and
liver complaints, cough, asthma, consumption, and
debility by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food :
Cure No. 52,422—Bridgehouse, Frimley, 3d April, 1854.
I have suffered these 33 years continually from diseased
lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, deafness, sing-
ing in the ears, constipation, debility, shortness of breath and
cough, which have been re moved by your Revalenta Arabica.
My lungs, liver, stomach, head, and ears are all right, my
hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to all my
acquaintances. James Roberts, timber merchant.
En tins, at Is. 6d. • Ilb., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d.; 51b., 128.; 121 b.,
265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London'
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piceadilly ; Abbis, 60,
Gracechureh-street ; 4, Cheapside; 63, and 150, Oxford-
street ; 330 and 451, Strand • 49 and 60, Bishopsgate.
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin,
Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, Raimes and Co.;
at Liverpool, Niaon and Thew; at Manchester, Sharp and
Scott; at York, Raimes, !Blanchard, and. Co. ; at South-
ampton, Randall and Son.