The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-27 00:00:00

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(Front the Correspondent of the Times.) •
Victoria, Vancouver's Island, Aug. 6.
I have on the present occasion to perform the
unpleasant duty of communicating bad news. The
federal forces of America have invaded ter-
ritory by taking military possession of a depen,
dency of Vancouver's Island in this neighbourhood
on a pretext which I shall presently state and if
.the conduct of our local Government and of the
officers commanding. our rnriteh had been as hasty
as that of the Americans has be RV 446911 s and
discourteous, the flames of war between the two
countries would now be in full blaze.
In order to render the case intelligible I am com-

pelled, reluctantly enough, to trespass on your
space and on the patience of your POPP Po far as
will be necessary to give a cursory detail of the eir:
cumstances which led to this most extraordinary
proceeding on the part of a country with which we
believed we were at peace and on terms of 11w
closest amity.
You know better than I can inform you that
" boundary" questions have been open between
Great Britain and America ever since the Treaty
of Ghent. I shall therefore limit myself to remark
that the only dispute, I believe and hope, now un-
settled is the line which separates our two colonies
on the Pacific—that is, our new colony of British
Columbia on the continent of North America, and
our old colony of Vancouver's Island and its de-
pendencies in the Straits of San Juan do Fuca and
the Gulf of Georgia from the American territory on
the south of ours.
The line of boundary between the two nations
from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean is
the 49th parallel of northlgritUde.
A portion of the lan I boundary has been already
run in British Columbia, and the rest of it is at the
present moment being determined by astronomical
observations carried on jointly and amicably by offi-
cers of Great Britaiu and America, under commis-
sioners mutually appointed by both Governments for
the purpose. For this reason, and because this part
of the subject must be elucidated shortly in Blue
Books, I will merely add that if the laudable labours
of the commission to effect a peaceable adjustment
arc interrupted the blame cannot be imputed to
the Government of England, which, the world
should know, has used every effort and provided all
the necessary means to effect a friendly settlement.
Can as much be asserted on behalf of the Goverh-
meat of the United States? Time will show.

The following statement of facts will, I trust,
place the whole question in a clear light :
The boundary was established in 1846 by a treaty
negotiated by Mr. Pakenham, the English ambas-
sador at Washington, and Mr. Buchanan, then
Secretary of State, now President of the United
States. The gist of the question is in the first
article, which establishes the line. These are the

words :
" From the point on the 49th parallel of north
latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing
treaties and conventions between the United States
and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary
between the territories of the United States and
those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued
westward along the said 49th parallel of north
latitude to the middle of the channel which sepa-
rates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and
thence southerly through the middle of the said
channel and of Fuca's Straits to the Pacific Ocean ;
provided, however, that the navigation of the
whole of the said channel and Straits south of the
49th parallel of north latitude remain free and open
to both parties."
The task of running the land portion of the
boundary here laid down is, ap I have just men-
tioned, being performed. Its course can be clearly
ascertained, and, fortunately, can be kept free from
the wiles and meshes of diplomacy; but by the
requirements of the Treaty, after reaching " the
middle of the channel which separates the conti-
nent front Vancouver's Island," the boundary de-
viates from the line of the 49th parallel, and is to
follow " thence," not a " westward " course as
hitherto, but a " southerly" one, " through the
middle of the said chanrkl, and of Fins Straits to
the Pacific Ocean." _ _

This small portion of the course of the boundary
—viz., from the middle a the channel (Gulf of '
Georgia) to the Pacific, has produced voluminous '
discussions, and is now, unfortunately, creating
much bad feeling and real danger.
Two commissioners (both of whom are here at
present) were appointed about three years ago by
both Governments specially to settle this water
boundary, but they differed as to the course of the
line, and no settlement has resulted from their
labours.
To any intelligent mind, unwarped by prejudice,
the running of this portion would seem to present
,really as little difficulty as the determining of the
land portion dc es.
Knowing the locality pretty well, and having
endeavoured to make myself acquainted with the
merits of the question on the spot, I will venture to
give my view of it.
If you look at a map you will see that the 49th
parallel strikes the shore of the continent at a point
between Point Roberts and the mouth of Fraser
River, cutting off about two miles of Point Roberts.
The position of the parallel at this point is an ascer-
tained fact, due to the labours of the Land Boundary
Commission. Follow the line of the parallel fro.n
this point on the shore "to the middle of the
channel which separates the continent from Van-
couver's Island." This "channel" is the Gulf of
Georgia. On reaching the middle of it diverge and
shape your course•(" thence") " southerly through
the middle of the said channel," and you will inevi-
tably be carried along it through Vancouver Strait
or Rosario Strait into "Fuca's Straits," on Sour
way to the Pacific Ocean, and you arrive at this
destination by following the course chalked out by
the very words of the Treaty.
The southerly portion of the Gulf of Georgia
where it falls into the Straits of Fuca was named
Vancouver Strait since that navigator's time, until
of late years it has been called Rosario Strait. If
the boundary line can be. agreed upon as far as
" Fuca's Straits," it may be considered settled, for
I have never heard the portion of it which traverses
them contested.
The line which I have traced is our interpreta-
tion of the Treaty, and I may for distinction's sake
call it the English water boundary line.
I will now give the American interpretation of
the Treaty, and trace their water boundary line as
well as I can : _ _ _

The United States claim to be entitled to carry
the line of the boundary from the Gulf of Georgia
to Fuca's Straits through the middle —not of this
gulf and the Vans ouver (or Rosario) Strait, as we
maintain is the true boundary—but through the
middle of the Canal de Haro, which runs close to the
shores of Vancouver's Island and joins Fuca's Straits
still nearer to Vancouver's Island, and several miles
to the westword of Vancouver Strait.
Let us examine their grounds for claiming this
more westerly line.
They have not agreed with us upon a starting
point, for reasons which will presently appear ; but,
as the starting.point is by the Treaty placed in the
middle of the sheet of water which flows between
the mainland and Vancouver's Island, I will sup-
pose that they make their deviation from the 49th
degree of north latitude at the same point in " the
middle of the channel which separates the conti-
nent from Vancouver's Island" as I started from in
tracing the English line, and that they would keep
a " southerly course" through " the middle of the
said channel" for some distance down the same.
This they could do, and sail along Saturna Island
as far as Point Stuart ; but here they would take a
westerly course, turn Point Stuart, which is a
promontory on the east side of Saturna Island, and
on rounding this island through Cadboro Passage
they would get into the Canal de Haro, which they
allege to be the channel of navigation intended by
the treaty for running the line of demarcation along
the middle of.
It will be seen, however, at a glance that by fo)

lowing these courses thi3 line would depart from the
treaty in its essential requirement ; the " southerly"
coufse insisted on by Great Britain would not be
kept, and, not only the " middle of," but " the
channel" itself would be entirely abandined by
rounding Point Stuart for another channel—that of
Cadboro Passage, which must be traversed to get
into the Canal de Haro, and even on getting into
the latter the line would incline more eastwardly
than southerly.
Another and the most positive form in which
the United States' claim is understood to be put is
the following :
I repeat that they claim the centre of the Canal
de Haro, and they do so as being the channel of
navigation now used. How they arrive at it from
the 49th degree parallel I do not rightly under-
stand. In fact, the starting point in the middle
of the channel which separates the continent of
North America from Vancouver's Island has not
yet been determined. It is insisted by the United
States that neither the Gulf of Georgia, nor any
usual, much less the most usual channel of naviga-
tion is to be understood as the one in which the
point of deviation (" southerly") from the 49th de-

gi% e should be fixed, but an innermost channel,
that between Vancouver's Island proper and an un-
tmed islet which happens to lie under the 49th
parallel, and which, by placing the point of devia-
tion in the middle of this innermost channel, would
bring the boundary within a mile or two of She
coast of Vancouver's Wand,
PIM are, in rapt, two fiumn Wallas just off the
coast of Vancouver's Island, in the Gulfof Georgia,
under the parallel. of 49 degree, and the United
States construe the spaces between them as so
many channels, thus making three channels be-
tween the continent and Vancouver's Island, the
inilPrifloSt of 0101 tin claim as Ow enamel of
navigation mentioned in the Treaty.
How they propose to proceed from a starting
point in this inner channel so as to arrive at the
Canal de Haro without departing from the" sot tlp

crly" pourse enjoined by the Treaty- I again repeat
cannot understand, for no line can be drawn from
any portion of the water (call it the channel, the
three channelS, QV the gnlr) wider the 4U degree
parallel to the Canal de Haro which does not at
some part of its course cease to run ‘, sontherly."
In short, they cannot get into the Canal de Haro
without materially deviating from the course
chalked in the Treaty, whether they take our
starting point or select *another.
Great acfriespeo in the sohgo attributed
by the United States to the term "channel"—viz.,
that " the. channel" of the Treaty must mean the
chaollel of rmiggtion, there Neigh*, ft? I have just
explained, physically speaking, three channels or
passages of water—two very narrow ones near the
shores of Vancouver's Island, and the main one

sPrP4cling eve? to th@ slw+rP the gol 61190; proapil
by the 49th degree parallel between the mainland
and Vancouver's Island groper.

But Great Britain insists that the channel of navi-
ption mast tiP 1,4314 tp Megli PO the Wietion nr
the present time, when steam and eNplurors have
shown so many to exist which were not known at
the date of the Treaty, but the channel which alone
was known and. usod for navigation in la4s and
before—viz., the channel which I have already
sketched, terminating in the Straits of Fuca, by
Vancouver, or Rosario strait. This was then the

. . .
only channel of navigation, and is still well known
to be the best channel far sailing vessels,
The Haro channel was, indued, known and laid
down in charts published before 1846. Haro had
apparently sailed through it, or through so much of
it as enabled him to ascertain the fact that the

:faro Archipelago was detached from Vancouver's
Island ; but since Vancouver discovered the easterly

route (Vancouver, or Rosario Strait) in 1790-91
probably no navigator had ever used Hare's route
until the Hudson's Bay Company's people, with
their small steamer the Beaver, explored a shorter
route to Nanaimo—one of their establishments op
the Gulf of Georgia.
So far as to the respective lines claimed by the
two nations.

Between the easterly channel, or Rosario Strait,
and the westerly one, the Canal de Haro, lies the
Archipelago de Haro, consisting of a cluster of
islands, the largest of which are called Orcas,
Lopez, and Sa❑ Juan, the sovereignty to which
forms a contention between Great Britain and
America. If the line of demarcation be determined

o run into Fuca's Straits, through the Rosario

Strait, we get the islands ; if through the Canal de
Haro, they fall to America.
The only one of the islands which is of any value
is San Juan, which lies in Fuca's Straits, near to

Vancouver's Island, one portion of it coming within

five or six miles of our shores.

After this island had been in the possession of
the Hudson's Bay Company for some time, which
it was before they received the grant of Vancou-
ver's Island, and its dependencies, the Americans
claimed it. Fearing apprehensions from collision
between American citizens and British subjects,
the President of the United States instructed the

Governor of Washington Territory on the 14th of
July, 1855, "that the officers of the territory
should abstain from all acts on the disputed
grounds which are calculated to provoke any con-
flicts." The President adds, in his official communi-

cation, "The tttle ought to be settled before
either party should exclude the other by force,"
&c., and concludes, " by a conciliatory and moderate
course on both sides it is sincerely hoped that all
difficulties will be avoided until an adjustment

of the boundary line can• be made in a manner
mutually satisfactory. The Government of the
United States will do what it can to have the line

established at an early period." Three days aft►r
the date of this very proper and reasonable instruc-
tion of the President, Mr. Marcy, the Secretary of
State, commuicaten it to Mr. Cra.npton, the Eng-

lish Ambassador at Washington, with the expres-
sion of hie hope that the British Government " will
be willing to recommend to her Majesty's subjects
a similar course, until the line can be established."
This proposal was acceded to. The Governor of
Vancouver's Island was furnished with this corre-

spondence, and with instructions in the spirit of the
arrangement proposed by the American Govern-
ment, which he acted up to with complete fidelity.
Nothing worth mentioning happened. The Hud-
son's Bay Company continued in the peaceable en-
joyment of the island, which they have used as a
sheep-farm since 1853, excepting a "raid" upon
their sheep in 1855 by the territorial law officers of
Washington, when they carried away forcibly some
30 head of lams, under a pretended liability for
taxes due to that territory, and some faint attempts
at squatting by solitary Americans, who came and
went, set up claims for " homesteads," which most
of them abandoned, finding the puma unprofit-
able, until last winter some excitement was got up
in Victoria among the loose American population of
this place to ilduce squatting on San Juan, in an-
ticipation of its becoming American soil. The com-
mission which I have already spoken of had not yet
come to a decision upon the question of the boundary
line which both Governments were, as we supposed,
waiting for before any action could be taken in ths
pre mises.
I should hero mention that the Hudson's Bay

Company hold the island merely in trust for the
Crown. They are ready to give up its possession
whenever required ; and it would have been as free
and open for settlement as any other part of this
colony, were it not for the dispute as to its owner-
ship, had the English Government so desired. This
explanation is necessary to disabuse the public mind
in England from prejudice. The American press
in this part of the orld pretend to treat the ques-
tion of title as one affecting the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany solely. This is done with a sinister object.
To understand what I am now to relate th• coni
pany should be kept out of view entirely.
Neither our Governor, nor our commissioner for
settling the boundary, nor the public, nor any one
else, heard anything to induce a suspicion that the
status quo was to be disturbed. General Harney,
the Commander-in-Chief of the American forces on
this coast, paid a visit to Victoria the other day,
was very politely received by the people who met
him, and entertained by the Governor, with whom
he passed an evening in a friendly way, but never
dropped a hint about San Juan.
He was then preparing his measures, for on his
return to head quarters he ordered a military expo.
dition to take possession of and to keep the island
as if it were undisputed American territory, instead
of the fact being, as I have explained, that it never
was i i any way in possession of that country, but
solely in the possession of Great Britain, and held as
one of the dependencies of Vancouver's Island.
The military party came to the island and landed
the American troops, in company with, and in the
presence of, the American Boundary Commissioner,
who is supposed to have recommended this summary
mode of cutting the Gordian knot. His presence is
a significant fact, but a most indecent one. This
happened on the 27th of July. A justice of the
peace appointed by Governor Douglas for the island
called on the officer in command of the detachment
to ask an explanation. He answered, in effect, that
ho was on American soil obeying superior orders.
On the date of his landing he issued an order, esta-
blisliing United States' laws and courts, and an-
nouncing that " none other will be recognised or
allowed on the island." He was summoned to ap-
pear before the civil magistrate to show cause why
he should not remove from the island, but he
naturally enough demurred to the jurisdiction. He
appointed a resident stipendiary magistrate for the
island, and this official appointed two constables,
whom all were required to obey.
The officer declared to a crowd of armed adven-
turers who had come with him and followed him
that it was free to any American citizen to squat
on any part of the island. Notices were posted to
the same effect, and now lie is about to extend the
revenue laws of America over the island. On the
3d of August reinforcements of 100 to 160 men
arrived in an American man-ofwar, but they had
not landed up to yesterday.
What the Governor did you will see from his
message to his Council and to the House of Assem-
bly, which I enclose. He sent the men-of-war,
which were luckily here, over to the island, but
from motives of humanity and of prudence he did
not proceed to extremities, although his force could
have annihilated the forces on the island. And as
it is imperative to maintain our possession of the

island, so as not to invalidate the Quec o's title to
it, and as there was reason to believe that the Aloe-
rican officer would resist the landing of our men,
and, if a collision took place, reinforcements from
Washingtx n territory and Oregon 'rid California
would be brought forward, which would lead to
very grave consequences, it was thought expedient
to concentrate our forces. I may here mention that
the American captain reports 'officially that his
orders are to capture an inferior force, to fight an
equal force, and to protest against a superior force.
Altogether, this is one of the most insolent and
high-handed outrages I ever heard: of. Mexico
would not endure such treatment.:What will be
thought of it in England we shall see in good time.
Pursuing policy of peace and conciliation, Cap-
tain Prevost, the British Boundary Commissioner,
after two long cruises,- got hold of the American
Commissioner, and besought him to use his good
offices with his countrymen to induce them to with-
draw the troops until the two Home Governments
could be consulted. But he met with such a recep-
tion as he will not soon forgot ; and, if he was not
insulted, what passed was at any rate very gross.
Captain Prevost is a very quiet, gentlemanly man,
and was quite disgusted at the tirade poured upon
him,

I am in so great a hurry that I can only add that
the policy of the Governor is not to force a colli-
sion—not to become the aggressor—to which it
seems to be the wish of the Americans to drive him;
but at the same time to land a body of troops to
protect th• lives and property of British subjects,
and to keep them there (unless the Americans re-
tire, which is not at all likely), until he hears from
Ungland. The civil process of the Americans will,
of course, be resisted.

The Arneikan parly is composed of about 70
soldiers, They have guns, gun-carriages, tents,
mulcs, stores, sutlers, and all preparations tor
a permanent settlement ; they are landing
materials for erecting barracks, and it is believed
that they intend to fortify themselves. They pre-
tend thor object is to protect themselves against
Indians, This pretence is too flimsy to be worth
notice. The plan and object are these ;—They will
cover the Island with a squatter population ; they
will fortify ; they will then endeavour to bully
England, by pretending that they will not evacu-
ate it unless they are expelled by force of arms;
and they "calculate" that England will not go to
war with Ameriert for a small island 35 miles long
by 5 to 15 miles broad, in a remote part of the
globe. Manchester and cotton, they " reckon," will
save them from this fate, and it will all end in their
keeping the island.
This " occupation" excited the indignation of the
British public here to a degree, as you may ima-
gine. View it as one will, it is an act of war, public
or private. But I will refrain from criticising it.
All here feel that the nation has been insulted
most grossly, and rely with confidence on prompt
action by the Home Government for the redress of
the outrage.
To the United States the islands are really use-
less, except for purposes of annoyance, eyesore, and
impediment. They are far removed from their ter-
ritories on the mainland, and their position is in-
tended evidently as a wedge to wrest Vancouver's
Island and BeiLish Columbia from England.

To Great Britain the island of San Yuan is of the
first importance. It is the key to the Gulf of
Georgia. It commands the narrow channels through
which alone British Columbia and the inner coast
of Vancouver's Island can be approached. We re•
quire it to give us a right of access, ingress, and
egress to our own poskssions, unmolested by ano-
ther Power. Both Vancouver's Island and British
Columbia had better be given up if we part with
San Juan ; for a fortification on this island would
command our western passage to Frazer River by
the Canal de liaro, while if we are foolish encugh
to submit to the line being run through the Canal
and the Americans, consequently, get the group,
they can also fortify Lopez and other islands and
completely command the eastern passage of Rosario,
and shut us out entirely from our own mainland.
The most strained construction of the treaty will
not give them the line they claim; but it is not the
true construction or meaning of treaties they want
to arrive at. It is possession of our new gold coun-
try, of which they are rabidly jealous.

" THE GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.

TO THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL AND HOUSE OF ASSEM-

BLY OF THE COLONY OF VANCOUVER'S ISLAND.

"Government House, Victoria, Aug. 3.

" Gentlemen,—l have to communicate, for Your informa-
tion, the intelligence of the landing of a detachment of
United States troops on the island of San Juan avowedly
for the purpose of forming a military post and of asserting
the sovereignty of the United States to that island. Having
received no information from any quarter that the United
States ever contemplated taking military possession of any
part of the disputed territory, while the boundary line re-
mained unsettled, lam forced to believe that the late un •
warrantable and discourteous act, so contrary to the usages
of civilized nations, has originated in error, and been under-
taken w.thout the authority of that Government. That
impression is corroborated by a letter from the Hon. W. L.
Marcy, Secretary for the United States, dated Washington,
the 12th of July, 1855, to her Majesty's Minister at Wash-
ington, which contains instructions from the President of
the United States to the Governor of Washington Terri-
tory, and displays, in the clearest manner, the conciliatory
and moderate views entertained by his Government on the
subject of the disputed territory. Though the right of
Great Britain to all the islands situated to the westward of
Vancouver or Rosario Straits is, toour minds, clearly estab-
lished by the first article of the treaty of 1846 ; and though
those islands have, since the foundation of this colony, been
considered as a dependency of Vancouver's Island, it is well
known to you, gentlemen, that, out of respect to the con-
struction that has been put upon that treaty by the Govern-
ment of the United States, we have abstained from exerci-
sing exclusive sovereignty over them. Convinced that any
assumption on either side of exclusive right to the disputed
territory would simply be a fruitless and mischievous waste of
energy,neither detracting from, nor adding ferce to the claims
of either nation, wise and considerate policy enjoins upon us
the part of leaving so important a national question for settle-
ment by the proper authorities,and of avoidin 0. complications
foreign to the views and wishes 4 and probably embarrass-
ing to, both Governments. Immediately on being informed
of the landing of the United States' troops at San Juan, her
Majesty's ship Tribune, under the command of Captain
Hornby, was despatched to that quarter, and _soon after a
detachment of Royal Engineers and Royal Marine Light
Infantry were ordered from New Westminster, by her Ma-
jesty's ship Plumper, Capt. Richards, and those troops will
be landed at San Juan to protect the lives and property of
British subjects. You will observe, gentlemen, from enclo-
sure No. 1, that the captain in command of the United
States' detachment of troops, in a public notice, dated 27th
of July, assumes the exercise of exclusive sovereign rights
in the island of San Juan, while the President of the United
States altogether disclaims such pretensions, and seeks at
most to continue the joint right of sovereignty and domain
in common with Great Britain. Wo may presume from
that circumstance that the notice in questi,m was framed in
ignorance of the intentions of the United States Govern-
ment,' and that the pretensions set forth will not be main-
tained. Entertaining such opinions, I have not failed to
impress on her Majesty's -naval officers now stationed at
San Juan, the desire of her Majesty's Government to avoid
every course which may unnecessarily involve the suspen-
sion of the amicahle relations subsisting between Great
Britain and the United States; at the same time, those
officers have been instructrd and are prepared to assert the
rights and to maintain the honour and dignity of our
Sovereign and her dominions.
" I have the honour to be, gentlemen,
" Your most obedient Fervent,
"JAMES DOUGLAS."

" Territory of Washington, county of Whatcom.
"T hereby certify that on the 30th day of July, A.D, 1859,
William Smith and Isaac E. Higgins wore duly appointed
and qualified as constables on and fur the precinct of San
Juan, county of Whatcom, and territory of Washington.
"All persons are, therefore, in the name of the United
States, commanded to obey their orders as such.
" Given under my hand this Ist day of August, A.D.
1859, and the 84th year of the Independence of the United
States of America.

HENRY R. CROSBIE, Justice

of the Peace."

" PROTEST.

- -
"By James Douglas, Companion of the Most Hon. Order
of the Bath, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and
over the colony of Vunc3ver's Island and its dependen-
cies, I/ ice-Admiral of the same, &c.
" The sovereignty of the island of San Juan and of the
whole of the Harro Archipelago has always been undeviat-
ingly claimed to be in the Crown of Great Britian. There-
fore, I, James Douglas, do hereby formally and solemnly
protest against the occupation of the said island, or any
part of the said archipelago, by any parsons whatsoever,
for or on behalf of any other Powers, hereby protesting and
declaring that the sovereignty. thereof by right now is and
always hath been in her Majesty Queen Victoria and her
predecessors, Kings of Great Britain.
"Given under my hand and seal, at Victoria, Vancouver's
Island, this 2d day of August, in the year of our Lord
1859, and the 23d of her Majesty's reign.
" JAMES DOUGLAS."

"Military Post, San Juan Island,
W. T., July 27, 1859.
"1. In compliance with orders, and instructions from
the General Commanding, a military post will be esta•
blished on this island, on whatever site the commanding
officer may select.
"2. All the inhabitants of the island are requested to
report at once to the Commanding Officer, in case of any
incursion of the Northern Indians,—so that he may take
such steps as he may deem necessary to prevent any future
occurrence of the same.

" 3. This being United States territory, no laws, other
than those of the United States, nor courts, except such as
are held by virtue of said laws, will be recognised, or
allowed on this island.

...__ ..... _.........._
" By order of " Captain PICKETT,
" James W. Forsyth, 2d Lieutenant, 9th Infantry,
Post Adjutant."

MONDAY, Aug. 8.
On Saturday last the Admiral (Baynes) arrived
in the flag ship Ganges, 84, Capt. Fulford, from

These vessels would-muster &i.b.4iit, 1,145 men id
sailors, and about 400 marines. There are also of
Royal Engineers and Royal Nlarine,Light Infantrf
a body of about 300 men, already for service---L
picked troops.
Colonel Moody came down from British Colum-
bia yesterday with 54 Marine Light Infantry, who
are to be posted at Victoria, for the defence of the
place, in case of an attack by the Americans; and
measures are to be immediately taken to form a
militia and other means of defence:_

The Americans did not count the cost of insulting
or of attacking us. They forgot their old enemies
the Indians, who are burning with revenge, thirst,
ing for their blood. Let it once be known that
the English are no longer friendly with the
Americans, and slumbering feuds will break out
but let it be known that they are. at war, and
100,000 Indians will attack the Americans unasked.
They require no instigation.
Sir Edward Lytton, in his instructions to Colonel
Moody the other day, promised that

The colonists must not be left to suppose that against ex-
ternal aggression Great Britain would not render them thy
aid duo to the dignity of her Crown and the safety of het
subjeCts in every part of her Majesty's dominions ; fo
wherever England extends her sceptre, there, as Against th
foreign enemy, she pledges the defence of her sword.
I now call upon the present Government to re
deem this pledge.
•
The news from the mines very good.

• •
THE GREAT EASTERN STEAM-SHIP.:

WEYMOUTH, SEPC. 25.
The repairs necessary for fitting the Great
Eastern for sea are daily going forward with the ut,;.
most diligence and rapidity. Mr: °race's artists

are busy redecorating the grand saloon. Carpenter
and fitters are incessantly at work removing th
traces of the late explosion, . and restoring the
cabins as they were before it happened. The
rew funnel has been put togcther on deck
and is nearly finished, and the injured wrought iron
beams and bulkheads have been cut out and prepa•
rations made for replacing them with others. Yet,
in spite of this activity and the *prOgress that has
undoubtedly been made, we should be deceiving
our readers if we held out the least hope that thd

Great Eastern will be ready'for sea,Una the Sth o
October, or perhaps even during the .month Oc

:obey at all. Much of this delalis of course due tg
he destructive effects of the late accident, the dai

mageoceasioned by which, though not more eaten;

sivO.thati was at-first supposed, is of a pecialia

nature, and will necessitate the removal and reJ•
fitting of a good deal of iron work. This work cant

not be hurried over. In London, and with the
mense facilities offered by the great shipping yard
on the Thames the whole aflitir might be casil
►nanaged, but this, of course, is not the case a
Portland; and restorina things to their forme

order is therefore likely to occuly.mtich more time
than was originally anticipated and agreed for in
the contract. But these causes only'partly account

7or.t he delay icl►ich it is now alm-oslyeriain must

be incurred -before the. vessel starts. The others are

due to the fact that the fittings of the ship and all
matters connected with her sea-going equipment
are now entirely in the hands of the Marine De,
partment of the Board of Trade. With a passen-

ger ship of such gigantic magnitude, and which
when complete will go to sea literally with a
population equal to that of many towns, it has
been felt that no possible precautions which the

greatest experience and most jealous vigilance
can suggest should be neglected. In this matter
the directors and Captain Harrison are en-
tirely agreed, and have, we believe, asked the
Board of Trade t) make any suggestions which
they think can in any way conduce to the safety
and convenience of the vessel. Several suggestions

will, therefore, doubtless be offered at once, and, as

a matter of course, complied with to the letter by
the executive ea board.
_Some of the most promi-

nent of these suggested improvements are already
known, one being that the coal bunkers should all
be well ventilated and fitted with pipes through
the centre, as is the case with line-of-battle ships,
to enable the temperature of the coals to be tested
and registered at certain intervals throughout the
day. The Great Eastern will always carry the

be 4 Welsh coals, which,even when stowed in large
quantities, are seldom if ever known to heat.
The Great Eastern, however, will carry no less
than 10,000 tons, a quantity which, we need not
say, has never yet been put into any vessel, and
therefore it has been thought right to guard against
even the possibility of accident from this source.
Another matter which will probably be altered is
the means of feeding the boilers with water. Until
the present massive engines were constructed it
has always been the rule to make them self feeding,
the auxiliaries being used merely as a stand-by in
case of any of the pumps breaking down. The
machinery of the Great Eastern was made entirely
dependent on its feed water being supplied by
the donkey engines—a rather objectionable
arrangement, as in the case of the donkeys
getting out cif' order, which it has been seen
they may do, the machinery must come to
a standstill. Feed and bilge pumps will now
most likely be fitted to both screw and paddle
engines, and the donkeys retained only as a pre-
cautionary measure. Two boats, in addition to
those already at the di nits, will be carried by the
Great Eastern when she starts for sea. Each of
these, in capacity, will be almost equal to small
schooners, as they are to be upwards of 50 feet long,
and 13 feet wide, quite capable of taking off at least
100 persons. These, with boats of the same de-
scription which have already been made, and those
now alongside, will be equal to taking off at least
1,200 crew and passengers. Among the other alte-
rations which will soon be carried into effect is
fitting a different kind of stern wheel, and also
making a second tiller in the lower deck connected
with, though independent of, the upper one. The
passage round from the Thames showed that the

heat in the stoke holes of one or two of the small
auxiliary engines was too much for the firemen.
Sliding iron doors will, therefore, be cut in the
bulkheads, in order to give them the most complete
ventilation. To the auxiliary engines for turning
the screw it is intended to attach pumps for pump•
ing water out of the ship or on deck in case of fire.
There will thus be two powerful fire engines in the
ship, independent of the donkey feeds or feed and
bilge pumps, capable in all of throwing upwards of
30 tons of water per minute in case of accident.
Another suggested alteration is the removal of the
indiaruhber packing between the flanges to which
the cast iron mast is bolted and filling in with
ledges of hornbeam. This will, of course, neces-
sitate the slackening down of the main shrouds, a
work both of time and difficulty.
Now that all the wreck has been cleared away
from the lower deck in the immediate vicinity of
the scene of the explosion, the amount of damage
which has been sustained by the boilers and more
substantial fittings of the ship can be readily ascer•
tained. The massive iron main-deck beams which
were so curiously doubled and torn by the force of
the explosion have been cut away, together with
the tattered remnants of the lower portions of the
funnel and jacket which still remained attached to
the upper part of the boilers, and altogether the
space has been cleared so as to allow the work of
restoration to proceed with all due celerity. Upon
minute examination it was found that the forward
boilers had not been injured to the extent which
was at first imagined, nor yet escaped entirely
without damage. The 'copper plates of these two
boilers, upon which the funnel and casing rested
are very much dinted in, and many of the iron
stays in the interior are either broken or very much
bent. Some of the hot air tubes have also been
damaged, but not to a serious extent. The replac-
ing of the stays and such of the tubes as it will be
necessary to remove will soon be accomplished, but
the restoration of the two damaged boiler plates
must occupy time. A few days will suffice to re-
store the injured iron supports of the main and
lower decks. Thus it is to be hoped that the
substantial portions of the ship will be corn.
pletely refitted in the course of a comparatively
few days. But with regard to the erection and
equipment of the demolished cabins on the lower
deck and in the saloon it would be impossible to
speculate on so speedy a completion. Even should
the cabins not be touched for six months to come it
will not in the least degree prevent the ship from
going to sea, as there is ample berth and cabin ac-
commodation in all the remaining saloons. At the
same time there is every reason to believe that this
one department of repairs will be immediately put
in hand and completed by the Bth proximo. The
three men, Tait, Yoxon, and Sparkes, who were
badly injured by the explosion, are now progress-
ing steadily and favourably, and no doubt is enter-