The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-08 00:00:00

THE LATE FURIOUS GALE.

Ll VERPOOL, MONDAY.
We have again been visited by violent weather.
For the last three or four days a gale has been blow-
ing along the coasts of this district. It has been vel y
severe since Saturday, and several casualties have
occurred in consequence. The Royal Mail steam-
ship Canada, that sailed hence on Saturday after-
noon, was to have called at Queenstown yesterday
afternoon, for the late mails made up for despatch
by her to they United States and British
North America!: So severe, however, was
the weather • and sea in St. George's Channel,
that the Canada did not reach Queenstown until
noon to-day. From the state of the sea, as given
on the arrival of the Africa yesterday, which was
described as very heavy, the non-receipt of a tele-
gram, announcing the arrival of the Canada at
Queenstown at the expected time created no un-
easiness.
The following are the disasters that have been
reported up to late this afternoon :
A barque was aground at 2.30 p.m., on Little
Burbo.

A schooner is ashore-in Bottle Bay, with one of
her masts gone.
The Empress Eugenie (s.s.), hence to London, has
put into Milford with loss of sails, spars, stan-
chions, bulwarks, boats, and is leaking slightly.
She will return to Liverpool to discharge. _

The ship James Alexander, of Liverpool, brought
up to-day in Boultop.Roads,St. Bride's Bay, and a
telegram received in Liverpool says she will be
ashore if the wind changes. She is in great dan-
ger, and has lost all her sails, and. has five feet of
water in her hold.
The screw steamer African, hence for Constanti-
nople, ashore at Padstow, has parted her port cable,
and was lying across Channel two hours after high
water.

The Chincas, Dawson, hence to 'Rio Janeiro, is
totally wrecked in Mount's Bay. Four hands have
been lost.

The Eliza Morrison, for Quebec, has been aban-
doned off Cape Clear.

The gale which had been blowing very heavily
during the whole of Sunday, shifted suddenly at
midnight to S.S.W., and increased in violence until
three o'clock, at which time the storm assumed the
fury of a perfect hurricane, chimney pots, tiles,
slates, and brieks were torn off the roofs and hurled
with violence to the ground, and in their fall serious
injuries were inflicted on many persons. In Lam-
beth and its vicinity the havoc was terrific, and
the damage to property immense. Two fine
spreading trees were uprooted in South Lambeth,
and a large elm tree that skirted the road
near the Windmill publichouse, in the Deptford-
road, was broken short off by the roots and fell
across the carriage way, impeding the traffic for
some
.time; fortunately no person was injured,
although many were passing near the spot at the
time. Mr. Routledge, of Rotherhithe, was struck
with a brick, which felled him to the ground, in-
flicting serious injury. Marion Stephens had her
skull laid bare by a broken pantile which cut
through her bonnet; a heavy flagstone that formed
a part of the coping to a house in Tyler-street, was
blown off and by its weight buried itself several
inches in the ground. The shrubberies and gardens
in the district south of the Thames suffered severely ;
the young trees and shrubs having been laid pro-
strate. On the river and in the docks, notwith-
standing that the precaution had been taken to
strike the topmasts and yards of the shipping, the
confusion that existed is indescribable ; tiers of
vessels dragged or parted from their moorings,
numerous collisions were the result, and an immense
quantity of damage to spars, rigging, and bul-
warks. A laden lighter was swamped, and several
casualties occurred above- bridge, providentially
without loss of life. On the South-Eastern, the
Eastern Counties, and Great Northern Railways the
wind blowing nearly dea 1 down the lines, the up-
mail trains were delayed beyond their time of
arrival, and on the other railways the down trains
were much impeded by the violence of the gale.
The accounts received this morning represent the
storm to have raged furiously on the south and
west, with a heavy sea running, and it is feared
that many casualties have taken pilule. At eight
o'clock the wind hauled more round to the west-
ward, with every appearance of moderating.

DOVER, SUNDAY 7 P.M.

It blew another furious gale at Dover yesterday,
ranging from S.W. to W. The South-Eastern boat,
and the mail packet with the India mails, came
over from Calais in the evening, and had very
rough passages, but the wind and sea were too
heavy to allow the mail packets to go to the Ad-
miralty-pier last night. They therefore remained
in harbour until this morning, when both left at
daylight, and got to Ostend and Calais safely. To-
day the strong gale has continued, and reports of
disasters are flying about. A bark, dismasted,
passed up this afternoon in tow of a pilot cutter.

PLYMOUTH, Nov. 6.

It has been blowing heavily all night, and the
storm continues unabated. Some apprehensions
are entertained for the safety of the packet ship, St.
Nicholas, Captain Bragdon, of and from New York
for Havre. She is laden with light goods and wines,
and has 140 passengers, principally Germans. The
St. Nicholas was dismasted in the gale of last Tues-
day, and spoke a pilot off Falmouth the next day.
On Friday she was outside this port, and the mas-
ter sent ashore his chief officer to get a steamer to
tow her back to Havre, where it is said there is, be-
longing to the same owners, another ship capable
of taking the passengers. Mr. Fox, the United
States' Consul, despatched immediately the steam-
tug Lord Yarborough, the master of which,
with the chief officer of the ship, returned here
last evening and stated that they were unsuccess-
ful in discovering the St. Nicholas, and, having
gone well to the eastward, had some difficulty
in getting the tug as far back as Salcome,
whence they came by land. The English barquz
Columbine, Captain Sampson, seventy days from
Bristol, for Quebec, put in here on Wednesday with
spars sprung, sails split, and punips choked. The
Swedish ship Norden, Capt. itomera, from Gotten-
burg for Leghorn, twenty days out, entered the
Sound on Thursday with loss of bulwarks and stan-
chions, one man drowned, the master's arm and the
mate's leg
,broken. The American ship, Ocean
Pearl, Capt. Candler, 14 days out from Bordeaux
for New Orleans, came in with loss of three top-
gallant masts and nine feet of water in her hold.
The barque Corea, from London for Singapore, put
back with jibboom gone and cargo shifted. A
Swedish bark, from Dublin for Quebec, and a Nor-
wegian brig, from Falmouth for Galloway, with
wheat, put in with pumps choked. On Friday the
bark Orient, from London for Algoa Bay, came in
damaged. Yesterday (Saturday) the English ship
John Yorrell, Captain Appleby, with railway
sleepers, 14 days out from Greenock, for
Madras. put into the Sound with loss of top-
gallant masts and sails, and mainmast sprung.
The vessel reported as having been lost near
Berry Head, was the brigantine Elizabeth Lass, 113
tons register, James Nugent, master, belonging to
Waterford. She had 1,607 barrels of oats for
Lymingtoz, and went ashore at Redlap Cave. The
crew were saved by going out on the jibboom and
sliding down over the flying jib, which was all
adrift. They landed on the only exposed rock near.
A few yards either side and all must have been
lost; as it was, one man, John Lambcrt, of Kin-
sale, 26, missed his footing and was drowned.
The Lancashire Witch, Capt. Shallan, belonging
to Messrs. Dunbar and Sons, nine days out, with
soldiers' families for Bombay, put into the Sound
wind-bound this morning, all well. The French
ship, Reine Mathilde, six days from Antwerp, with
general cargo for Lisbon, put in with engines dam-
aged. The wind continues very strong from S.W.,
with showers occasionally.

THE EASTERN COAST. —The past week was a
most disastrous one for the shipping on the
eastern coast. ln addition to the casualties
already reported, three vessels—a brig and
two schooners foundered off Yarmouth, and
two of the crews are supposed to have perished.
The master and ten men composing the crew of the
John Anderson, of London, which drifted on to
Hasborough Sands, and foundered, were picked up
by the Favourite fishing vessel, and landed at Yar-
mouth in a destitute and famished state. The
Richard Carnall, of Fowey, from Liverpool, for Yar-
mouth, with salt, also got on the Hasborough Sands
and filled with water ; the crew were saved and

FE3I,4LE LABOUR.

. (Fiom the Times.,)
It must have been felt by all—and we trust they
were many—who perused the essay on female
labour in our impression of yesterday, that the ques-
tion has not been proposed for public discussion a
single hour too soon. The subject is indeed an
urgent one, and it comes home with irresistible
force to a large and important class of modern
society. In a few words, the case is simply this :
—Women, in all ranks alike, are presumed to be

naturally dependent on men for subsistence as well
as protection. They are not regarded as possessing
any substantive capacity. It is supposed, not un-
reasonably, that a young girl will marry; and if,
therefore, she is fitted by suitable accomplishments
to become the companion and helpmate of a man in
her own position of life, her acquirements are
thought to be sufficient. That is the original theory
—the fundamental assumption on which our cus-
toms proceed. It happens, however, unfortunately,
but too often, that this theory is upset by facts ;
and that a woman is either never married at all, or
is left after marriage with the obligation of sup-
porting herself instead of receiving support from -
another, Now, what, in such an event, is found to
occur ? Why, that the misery and suffering which
ensue are sufficient to convict our system of folly.
We are all wrong in the matter, there cannot be a
doubt. Women, as every day's experience proves,
are thrown in thousands of instances on their

own resources for subsistence, whereas these

resources are, by the usages of modern life,
so cloSely circumscribed that they are utterly in-
adequate to sustain the demands which are made

upon them. For some time past the subject has
weighed upon thoughtful minds, but at the recent
meeting for the promotion of Social Science it was
discussed in regular form, and with great ability,
by Miss Parkes. The essay of this lady was after-
wards reproduced in the Englishwoman's 'Journal,
a periodical sustained entirely by the class ad-
dressed in its title, and from that publication trans-
ferred to our own pages. In commending it to the
attention of our readers we shall deal:rather with the
general argument than with the statistics intro-
duced, for it is a case in which every man's own
knowledge will supply him with abundant illustra-
tions of the principles laid down.

In the ranks of the aristocracy provision is in-
variably made for the female members of the class.
The endowment in many cases may be slender
enough, but still there it is, and here, therefore,
theory and fact correspond with each other. High-
born women are not left with the necessity of get-
ting their bread, and there is accordingly no need
for sha ping their education to wards this contingency.
But the moment we quit the confines of this narrow
class the difficulty bc g;us. In the middle classes wo-
men are left so frt quently without any resources but
their own that Miss Parkes did not hesitate to appeal
directly to her audience for proof of her proposition.
" Probably every person present," said she, " has a
female relative or intimate friend whom trade
failures, the exigencies of a .numerous household,
or the early death of husband or father, has com-
pelled to this course. It is in the experience of
" every family." Such :being the case, what pre-
cautions are taken to meet a liability so obvious

and so urgent? The answer is unsatisfactory in
the extreme. For educated women there is held

to be but one profession available—that of a gover-
ness, and, as a natural consequence, it is so over-

crowded and so ill-remunerated as to be one of the

worst trades in the world. Excepting in rare in-
stances, not ono of the 15,000 governesses pursuing
their calling in these islands can save a sixpence

against the needs of old age or want. They live
from hand to mouth, with no other support than
may be gleaned from their own " Benevolent Insti-
tution," which, though excellently organised and
conducted, cannot answer half the claims upon it.
Thero is no trade going in which so much good
ability is combined with so much patient drudgery
pottfailtilercos produce such sot ry fruit. The immediate source
profession,u seevl s
and is,
One
efh
iicssotiuhsresde theu,
lingering
pt.eo bvaebrledyreostwior
desire
twonf
ogr
pojfintehie
gen-
tility," which cannot be satisfied with any less re-
cognised pursuit ; the other lies in the previous
education, which has furnished no qualification for
any other calling.
What can a woman do who is never called upon
to fulfil the duties of wife and mother, or who,
having accepted these duties, is suddenly left to
contend;:with the world alone ? The accomplish-
ments presumed to qualify her for housekeeping
are soon exhausted—indeed, at the best they
teach only how to spend money, or to save it, not
how to get it. A lady who has taken more kindly
than usual to her own teachers can proceed to
teach others—that is, she can add one more to the
crowd of governesses, and increase the depreciation
of the wares in which she deals. But after this
resort there is none. No other calling is " genteel,"
and, if it were, she has never been trained to it.
She learnt music, drawing, French, and perhaps
another language or two, but these are only accom-
plishments, not useful arts or remunerative pur-
suits. It is remarkable that the stronger sex has
now succeeded in discarding utterly all the fanci-
ful notions about the " three liberal professions."
A gentleman may now-a-days have half-a-dozen
sons, and yet not send one of them to the church,
the bar, or the practice of physic. Commerce in
its thousand branches, engineering in its many de-
partments, the colonies with their countless open-
ings, and literature with the inexhaustible patronage
of an educated public,—all these offer pursuits which
have thrown the old professions into the back-
ground. Ti. church has halls of its own, but bar-
risters and physicians have no longer any monopoly
of credit—perhaps scarcely their fair share. This
break-up of prejudices has operated infinitely to the
relief of " educated male labour," which now
i
en-
joys wider scope and better remuneration than n
any previous age. If " educated female labour"
could but be distributed through an equal variety
of channels, the question proposed at the Bradford
meeting would be in a fair way of solution.
The views taken by Miss Parkes on the subject
are by no means revolutionary or based upon
any chimerical conception of women's rights or
duties. She would, in fact, accept the prevailing
theory, if it were but practicable. If every
woman could be provided with that protection
which would release her in very truth from the
liabilities we are considering, that, in Miss Parkes's
opinion, might be the best state of things for us.
But this cannot be, and it is because it cannot be,
and because daily experience shows the absurdity
of our assumptions, that we are recommended to
reform our ways. To this end three simple sug-
gestions are offered,—one that every girl in the
middle classes should be taught some useful art;
another, that tuition should no longer be regarded
with preference on account of its " gentility ;" and,
thirdly, that either by saving or insurance some
direct provision should be made for female chil-
dren. It is obvious that, if the latter suggestion
can be followed, the two former will so far become
superfluous, and the course is by no means so diffi-
cult as it might appear to be. A comparatively
small sum of money will enable two or three women
to live together above the reach of want ; it is only
absolute destitution which drives them, ill-armed,
and ill-provided, into the great battle of life. For
the rest, it is also evident that if a variety of " useful
arts" can but be recognised as legitimately inviting
the exertions of women, the fatal crush in the pro-
fession of governesses will subside of itself. Here,
then, we arrive at the critical point of the discus-
sion :—What are the arts to which the educa-
tion of women should be directed ? Miss
Parkes indicates the " immense field of paid
sociiil labour," the subsidiary department
of mercantile business, and the inspec-
tion and examination of schools, as offering many
opportunities of the nature required. If a woman
can teach—as it is surely presumed she can when
we insist on making her a governess and nothing
elso—why should not her teaching take a wider
scope ?If she can master the most difficult pieces of
-music, could she not work a telegraph ? If she can
give instruction in foreign languages, could she not
keep accounts ? Is not the general capacity
. of a
governess equivalent to the general capacitykotf se,
clerk ? These are plain questions, and we h
answers will be no less plain,
.We sincerely
oncehoped
that a new system may be instituted at
who, like 'men,
that we may no longer see women,
condemned. unlike men, to the ranks
the
able and hopeless calling,
. or withl.efth
must needs turn often to labourfor
ofthoenire
mbriesaedr.,
distressed
either
rativ distressedbecominnge,eadciceowredramega to toreir positions,
governesses.
alternative
f

T RE-R 0 I AL,
Lessee, Mr..J. fl. P.

HAYMARKET.
:ketone.

~r ins virr.-NTNG the performances will ei.unraenee with
THE COIkTESTED ELECTION. Mr. and Nis. Charles
Mathews, Mr. Bud:stone, &c.
With THE CRITIC. Mr. C. Mathews and Mrs. Fitzwil-
liam.

And TACK'S RETURN FROM CANTON
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCE S S'S THEATRE.--
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
a new drama, entitled THE MASTER PASSION. Messrs.
Ryder, G. Melville, Graham, R. Cathcart, Garden ; Miss C.
Lee ercq and Mrs. Charles Young.
After which, PUSS ; or, MetempysyChosis. Miss L. Keeley.
To be followed by a dramatic tableau in Watteau colours,
by J. H. Planche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster.
THIS EVENING, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke. Mr.
Ben. Webster; Hulks, Mr. D. Fisher; Augustus, Mr. J. L.
Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford.
Followed by (first time) a piece of extravagance, called
DINORAH UNDER DIFFICULTIES. 1Mer4..11-. L. Toole,
p. Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, and Miss K. Kelly.
.After,which, the new farce, entitled A ROW ON THE
PREMISES. Mr. David Fisher, P. Bedford, C. Selby, Miss
H. Simms, K. Kelly, Mrs. Billington.

--- - . ... -
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box-
O'nee open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats,
nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
establishment are strictly prohibited.