The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-25 00:00:00

ROYAL

EN GLISH OPERA,
COVENT-GARDEN.

tinder the manaavynent of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W. Harrison
THIS EVENING will be performed THE TROVATORE.
Messrs. w. Harrison, Santley, Walworth ; Miss Parepa and
Miss Pilling.

Conductor, Alfred Mellon,

Ballet, LA FIANCEE. Messrs. Vir. H. Payne, 11. Payne,
F. Payne, Mdlle. Lequine, Pasquale, Pierron, Clara Morgan,
and M on s. Vandris.

Doors open at half-past 7—Commence at 8 o'clock.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
MALLOW E'EN.
After which, THE BACHELOR OF ARTS. Jasper (his
original character), Mr. C. Mathews.
Followed by a new Comedietta, entitled THE LATE
LAMENTED.
And MY WIFE'S DAUGHTER.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee., Mr. A. Harris.

THIS EVENING. the perfnnnances will commence with
a new Petite Comedy, entitled GOSSIP. Messrs. Ryder,
Meadows, Shore ; Miss Wadham and Mrs. C. Young.
After which. a new farce, in one act, entitled NURSEY
CHICKWEED. Messrs. Widdicomb, Meadows, H. Saker ;
Miss L. Keeley and Mrs. Weston.
To be followed by THE MASTER PASSION. Messrs.
Ryder, G. Melville, Graham, R. Cathcart, Garden ; Miss C.
Lee ercq and Mrs. Charles Young.

N" THEATRE - ROYAL, *ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.

THIS EVENING. THE DEAD HEART. Messrs
B. Webster. J. L. Toole, David Fisher, Paul Bedford. Stuart,
Billington, C. J. Smith, Eburne, Moreland; Miss Woolgar,
and Miss K. Kelly.
Followed by the successful piece of extravagance, called
DINORAH UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Messrs. J. L. Toole,
P. Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, and Miss K. Kelly.
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box-
Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats,
nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
establislienent arc strictly prohibited.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM.—SOIe Lessee
and Dire3tress, Madame Celeste.—The Public is re-
spe:tf ully informed this Theatre will OPEN for the Winter
Season on MONDAY, Nov. 28, With a new and original
Drama Fantastique, written by a popular author, entitled
PARIS AND PLEASURE ; or, Home and Happiness. Full
particulars will be duly announced.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S, THEATRE,
Kinz-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Plenlico, and West-
minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen-
gers all hours of the night.
- -

THIS EVENING, a new Comedy, LONDON PRIDE ; or,
Living for Appearances. Messrs. R. Robins, Barrett,
Charles Young ; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Murray, awl
Nelly Moore.
After which (9th time) a new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled
THE SWAN AND EDGAR. Messrs. Barrett, Francis,
Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and the Corps
de Ballet.
To conclude with A DEAD SHOT.

Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, ls. The Box-office open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform
ance commences at 7.

AsTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.

Sole Lessee Mr. William Cooke.
Continued successful career of the new Drama, by Tom
Taylor, Esq., called GARIBALDI ; Illustrating the principal
events in the Life of the Great Italian General. Supported
by a Powerful Company, including the fallowing popular
favourites :—Mr. R. Phillips, Ennis Belmore, Raymond, Miss
Kate Carson, &c. - Great Dramatic Tableux—Full Stud of
Trained Horses—Scenes in the Circle by the Star Equestrians
of Europe, John Henry Cooke, Madlle. Marguerite„ Miss
Rosina, and the world's wonder, Little Menoni, also, the
Extraordinary Performing Elephant—Clowns, H. Croueste,
Roweila, French Pierrots, Gymnasts and Acrobats innumer-
able, concluding with the exceedingly laughable Comic Ballet
called LOVE'S VAGARIES.

Stage Manager. Mr. R. Phillips

CANTERBURY -
EVERY EVENING.--The Music of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs).

And a Grand Se!ection from Meyerbeer's new opera of
DINORAH.

Comic Vocalists -Messrs. Georme Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. 'l'. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.
Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.
ROSA BON HEUR'S celebrated PICTURE of the HORSE
FAIR is now added to the already magnificent Collection of
Paintings in the Canterbury Hall Fine Arts Gallery. The
gallery is open from 9 a.m. till 12 p.m. Admission, Six-
pence.

THE WEATHER._STJN OPPICE, NOVEMBER 25.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
52—highest since noon yesterday.
44—lowest this morning and during tae night.
44—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-30..
Smith-Enittorly; rnthpr frokh, with dull hazy
weather. We shall have snow before long.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, lh. 56m.—Afternoon, 2h. 16m.
To-moußow.-Morning, 2h. 36m.—Afternoon, 2h. Mm.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, NOV. 25, 1859.

The signed treaty of Zurich has struck the first
nail into the coffin of peace. But the Imperial
undertaker has not yet dug the grave deep enough
to hold the ghost of Villafranca from attempting a
" bloody" resurrection in vindication of Italian

liberty.
VICTJR EMANNUEL has paid two millions ster-
ling by way of smart, money to Austria as the
price of Lombardy. That .is only the first instal-
ment, for there are four more to follow of the same
amount—making up ten millions in all ! Verily,
a princely price for freedom, and without any gua-
rantee from further molestation but Austrian per-
fidy ! And this is the manner in which Italian
independence is to be juggled by Imperial domina-
tion ! Wait a bit. The concoctors of Villafranca
are not yet out of the wood of wizardom. Europe
has not yet assented to their dogmatic ratifications,
nor will the Italians go to sleep under the assur-
ance of safety from the Imperial Conspirators.
There is no faith in them.
A rumour has been set afloat that our Ambas-
sador, Lord COWLEY, is coming over with a pro-
position for mutual disarmament by England and
France! Is this another dodge such as was
attempted to beguile Austria before beginning
the " war from the Alps to the Adriatic ?" It
looks very like it. We have hardly yet begrn to
Arm—we are only preparing in self-defence for
fear of accident; and prudence whispers that we
are quite right, for to be fore-armed is to be fore-
warned, judging by the Past. We are no CASSAN-
DRA% but we hope that our Government will take
no heed of such suicidal proposition ? Has the
patriotic fervour lately pervading the land opened
the eyes of our well-armed neighbour ?
We rather suspect it has, but as his conduct has
put us to the enormous expence of taking better
care of ourselves, we may as well finish out
the work we have begun, before we relax a
jot. He sees that we are in real earnest, and he well
knows our spirit in a cause that concerns not only
our own national safety, but the independence
of civil and religious liberty throughout the
world. NAPOLEON will respect our freedom
the more he finds us able to assert it, and so
will others too. Let him disarm if he please. We
can take care of ourselves without paying too dearly
for his friendly and mock-economic advice.

The historian of Europe has now very effectively
pointed the moral of the Rifle Corps and adorned
the tale of the Volunteer movement. Th& compre-
liensive and earnest speech delivered by Sir
ARCHIBALD ALISON, as recently as the nieli; be-
fore last, in the City Hall of Glasgow, will, before
the week is well out, have been read far and wide
throughout the United Kingdom. It will be
found, upon examination, to have been an argument
worthy alike of the time, the place, the speaker,
and the occasion. It was introductory of the first
resolution, at one of the most remarkable among
these patriotic demonstrations. That resolution—
almost a paraphrase of the familiar axiom, si vis

pacem para bellum—being simply to the effect
"that this meeting, while earnestly trusting that
friendly relations will continue to be maintained
with foreign States, is at tile same time impressed
with the conviction that the surest means of avert-
ing the danger of war, and continuing to our beloved
land the blessings of peace and commercial prospe-
rity, is a thorough and Complete system of national
defence." • So fully is Sir ARCHIBALD impressed
with the imminence of this great necessity, that we
find him in the midst of his harangue boldly pro-
pounding, among other similar suggestions, one to
this striking effect, that the pay of our tars and our
soldiers should, by a single stroke of the pen, as it
were, be very 'nearly doubled. Economists though
we be, we must nevertheless confess that a propo-
sition thus hearty and resolute comes.to us quite
refreshingly after all the niggardly cheeseparing
pr)posals dinned into our ears from session to session
for a long while past, by the peace-at-any-
price advocates of retrenchment. There is
no mere insinuation of his crotchet by Sir
ARCHIBALD ALisoN, but he has it fairly out in
a few plain words, and easily comprehensible
figures. " The first step," he says, "I would take
in this matter would be at one blow, and without
the least delay, to raise the pay of the soldiers and
sailors and the militia from ls. id. to Is. Bd. or 2s.
a day. If you do this," he adds, " for the military,
and do the same for the royal navy, you will find
that the ships of *the line will be filled with sailors,
and you will find that the ranks of the regular
army will be filled with able and valiant men, and
you will have no difficulty whatever in raising such
a force as is requisite to defend the country." Nor
does he content himself with this plain speaking,
or with this one daring proposition. He imme-
diately goes on to add, " The next measure
that I would propose is this:—We are told
that it would be very expensive to do that; that
the country cannot afford it_; that it is abso-
lutely necessary to attend only to a volunteer force,
and not do anything with regard to the regular
army. I will say here that lam as great a friend of
the volunteer force as any man alive, but we are told
that the country cannot afford to pay their troops
and their sailors in such a way as to gain an effi-
cient body of men. I may state that I have gathered
from a Parliamentary return issued the other day
that, since the year 1814, we have repealed taxes
to the amount of £31,500,000, £10,000,000 being
the double income-tax. That we all know. There
remains, therefore, £21,800,000 that has been given
up since 1814. Now, one-fourth of that sum
would raise the pay of our soldiers and sailors to an
adequate amount, and would put us in a state o
comparative security." Conscious, in the very act
of breathing these words, that the suggestion they
convey may sound somewhat exorbitant in these
days of-political economy, Sir ARCHIBALD simplifies
the matter into a mere question as to a very obvi-
ous and instantly appreciable alternative. "What,"
he asks, " in comparison with the restoring of those
indirect taxes in a question of pounds, shillings,
and pence, is the danger of being conquered by the
French?" And as if those words were not suffi-
ciently —in fact, only too frightfully sug-
gestive, the Historian of Europe dips for a
few moments into his own abundant store of infor-
mation by way of bringing the probabilities
home at once more poignantly to general apprecia-
tion. " I will just give you," he says," one or two
facts to let you know what you may expect if the

French ever conquered this country, in addition to

the horrors of war and the massacre of men."
Thereupon we listen, with what complacency we

may as a people having money in our pocket, to
such astounding details us to the liapolccmi n.
wars, as that Lisbon was mulcted in 180 S to the
tune of £4,ooo,ooo—Milan, •in 1796, to the tune

of £Boo,ooo—Venice, shortly afterwards, to the

extent of £2,soo,ooo—and Prussia, in 1806, to the
enormous amount of X 24,000,000! But at last, by way
of crowning illustration, Sir ARCHIBALD mentioned,
pertinently and very much to the purpose, indeed,
on Wednesday, whon addressing himself to the good
citizens of Glasgow, How, in 1812, NAPOLEON
wrote, in a letter to DAVOUST (that Marshal then
being in Hamburg), "If you had shot six of the
principal merchants of Hamburg, on the day you
entered, it would have been well ; but as you have
not done that, you must just make them pay
for it, and, therefore, I require you to lay hold of
200 of the principal merchants, and keep them as
hostiges for the payment of 50,000,000 francs,"
equal to £2,000,000 sterling. A sum, Sir
ARCHIBALD reminds his Glasgow audience, which
was actually in 1806 levied forthwith upon Ham-
burgh, a city then eontaining within it no more
than 80,000 inhabitants. By consequence, the
historian intimated to his hearers that the imposi-
tion was equivalent, to all intents and purposes,
to the mulcting the city of Glasgow at this
moment of £10,000,000 ! " You see," he says,
"at what price the peace at any price gentle-
men would purchase their salvation." Therefore,
it is that Sir ARCHIBALD ALISON expresses his
earnest hope, as an economist, that we may foster
the Royal Army and the Royal Navy at the very
time that we are forwarding with all the patriotic
ardour in our power the old militia movement and
the new Rifle Corps movement.
What he aspires to see realised in this way, he
tolls us very plainly. He hopes that the period
is fast approaching when' we shall have thirty
sail of the line in the Channel as our regular
Channel Fleet—fifteen sail-of-the-line in the Medi-
terannean-100,000 regular troops in Great Britain
and 80,000 militiamen ! Let us add to this list a
naval reserve of 50,000 men, and scattered all over
the country, in efficient corps, an aggregate of from
200,000 to 300,000 rifle volunteers. When all this
shall have been realised, then, but not till then, we
may cry—" Hold, enough !" Then, but not till
then, we may regard the national defences as hav-
ing been duly cared for and properly organised.

One formidable truth is admirably put by Sir
ARCHIBALD when he says, " A force that would
bring 100,000 men together instead of 20,000,
which could be done now in front of London,
would not be sufficient, unless it were supported
by a great force in the rear, for the French, if
they once got the command of the Channel, could
throw as many men over in a week as they

brought to fight at Solferino. But," he adds imme-

diately afterwards, " if there is a sufficient and

adequate volunteer force in the country, then I

say we may be altogether invincible." This should,
in truth, be the one ambition of all our fast multi-

plying rifle corps—to come in aid, if need be, of Om

regular troops. And it should be the one thought
held at this moment by the nation at large in

patriotic remembrance!

The Earl and Countess of Hard.wielce and the
Ladies Yorke and Lord‘Royston have arrived at Hatfie:d
House, on " a visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of
'Salisbury, frornlVimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Ducht ss
d'Aumale have left Orleans House, Twickenham, on a visit
to the Marquis and Marchioness a Salisbury at Hatfield
House, Herts.

His Excellency the Austrian Minister and the
Countess d'Apponyi left Chandos House, on Wednesday,
to join the cirlcle staying with the Marquis and Marchioness
of Salisbury at Hatfield.

The Birmingham Cattle and Poultry Show, the
first of the principal annual exhibitions of fat stock, &c.,
opens or, Monday next, and that of the Smithfield Club on
the Tuesday in the week following.

VOLUNTEEP NAVAL CrOILPS.

TO TIME EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—At present every one is turning his atten-
tion how to resist a probable fOreign invasion, and
rifle corps and artillery corps are springing up
like mushrooms, in all parts of the country, and
thousands are flocking to the standard in defence of
their homes.

Though I do not doubt the ultimate result of any
such attempt, yet an attempt might (if the enemy
had command of the sea), in the, first instance, prove
succcessful, and London, as well as a large tract of
country, might fall into the enemy's hands, and be
given over to plunder to a half-savage soldiery, and
property to the extent of two or three hundred
millions sterling destroyed, and the enemy might
then retire with immense booty ; but, even pre-
suming that the volunteers, with the assistance of
that very small body of men, the army and the
militia, were able to defeat the landing of some
300,000 or 400,000 French troops, where would all
our splendid colonies be if our, navy was, defeated
and driven off the ocean ? Where would India be,
that country which, when we were at peace with
every other nation on the face of the globe, took
all the strength of Britain to put down the terrible
rebellion there, and which is e- en now a slumber-
ing volcano ? Where would all our other
colonies be ? With, perhaps, the exception of
Australia and Canada, all would be lost,
and perhaps for ever y Aye, in spite of all our
brave volunteers. What would Britain be without
her Colonies ? She would fall to the rank of a third
class power, somewhat after the fashion of Spain
and Holland.

Presuming it possible that Napoleon would be so
imprudent as to attempt a landing with a large
body of troops, and did actually succeed in landing
some of them, we at the same time having a more
powerful fleet of fighting vessels than he, his situa-
tion with those he landed, would be worse than that
of his uncle at Moscow, for he would have no com-
munication whatever with his rear, and no means
of retreat; but it is simply absurd to say that he
could land 200,000 men before we could bring up
our fleet to prevent the most of them, the trans-
ports would be mere slaughterhouses for the troops
when exposed to the fire of line-of-battle ships, and
those who had succeeded in landing would not be
much better than prisoners.
No one knows the madness of the attempt at
throwing a large army across the Channel in pre-
sence of a more powerful hostile fleet than his own,
better than Napoleon himself. The uncle did not
try it, nor yet will the nephew. He will first strike
a blow for the mastery of the seas, and if he is vic-
torious there, he will then attempt an invasion, but
if he is defeated he will give up the idea, if he
really has any.
I say, then, it is therefore to our wooden walls
we must look to uphold our national renown.
" Britannia rules the waves !" At least we once
did. We are essentially a maritime people. We
have our Volunteer Rifles and our Volunteer Artil-

lery Corps, why, then, not have our Naval Volun-
teers? I mean by that, those who would give their
services on the same conditions as the rifle and
artillery volunteers. It is in the Navy that the
services of the volunteer is most wanted. Some
may say, that is all very good, but you, will gst
none to enrol themselves in that service. If the
movement were gone into in earnest in the proper
quarter, and seconded by those noblemen and gen-
tlemen who are in the habit of enjoying aquatic
sports by enrolling themselves as members, I ven-
ture to say that the Naval Volunteer Caps would
soon be the most:popular of the three services, and I
should not at all be surprised if great numbers
deserted from the Rifles and Artillery to join
the Naval :Corps. If the Government stationed
vessels at the principal seaport towns along our
great extent of seaboard for the purpose of
training the volunteers, I believe that in a very
short space of time we would have that great
difficulty solved—the best, but not only the best,
but the cheapest mode of manning the Royal Navy.
Of course the volunteers would require to be dis-
tributed among the different vessels of the fleet in
a certain proportion to the sailors.
I would propose to confine the drill of these
volunteers to gunnery and sword exercise, as it

would, in these days of steam power, be a useless
waste of time to teach them to "reef a topsail in a
gale of wind," and besides that sort of exercise
might damp the ardour of a number who would
otherwise join the service. A great part of their
exercise could be gone through either on shore or
in harbour, and on 'the Saturday afternoons they
could go out to sea and, practise with the great
guns.

If we get several thousands of these volunteers
trained, who could work the guns well, and in a
case of boarding, who would perhaps not be much
behind their shipmates, the real British Tar, I say
we have gained something worth having ; and in
these days of telegraphs and railways, within 24
hours of a hostile fleet leaving Cherbourg we could
have all these volunteers rattled up by rail. and
drafted on board the fleet at Portsmouth (or where-
ever the fleet might be lying) and be prepared to
meet the enemy on our own elemext.

Not being a practical naval man myself, I cannot
expect that all I have said in the carrying out of
the project would meet the concurrence of naval
men, I therefore refrain from trespassing further on
your valuable space, by going into minute details,
my object being merely to bring the subject before
the public, through the medium of your widely-
circulated paper, and which may, or may not, be
taken up, improved, and acted upon in the proper
quarter.

I may mention that I would have troubled you
some time ago with these remarks, but I have al-

ways been expecting to hear some suggestions on
this important subject, from some more influential
quarter than from an humble

SCOTCHNIAN.

Leith, Nov. 23, 1859.

[Our patriotic correspondent seems to overlook
or forget that we are raising a reserve volunteer
corps of seamen to the number of 30,000, but we
cannot have too many Naval Volunteers, and his
suggestion, therefore, is worthy of all praise.—ED
S uN.]

RUMOURED DEATH OF NANA SAIIIB.—A post-
script in the Lahore Chronicle of the 13th ultimo says :
" We have just received the following intelligence of the
death of Nana Sahib from our Oude correspondent. The
letter is dated the 7th of October, 1859 :—' Important news
has just come in that the Nana died in the Bluing valley
(in the Nepaul frontier) on the 2d current. His followers
have all dispersed in several gangs. Baneo Madho of Bys-
warrah is very unwell, and it is apprehended he will not
survive long.' " Similar statements however have several

times appeared in the Indian papers, followed in a few days
by a contradiction.
DEATH OF PROFESSOR GEORGE WILSON.—A
deep sense of regret and bereavement spread through the
city on Wednesday with the melancholy news of the death
of Professor George Wilson, which took place at a late hour
on Tuesday evening. The loss of a man so kernel and
able in his own department, and so universally regarded
with esteem and affection, is no common one to the city, or
even to the omntry ; and it is apparently heightened by
the circumstance of his removal at a time when the pros-
pects of his usefulness were greatly , extending, as his
talents and laboxrs were being more fully appreciated.
The technology class this winter was an unusually large
one; and the Industrial Museum, in which Professor Wil•
son took so great and paternal an interest, seemed to have
passed through all the initiatory difficulties, promising
soon to take its place among the most prominent institu-
tions of Edinburgh. Professor Wilson, whose health, at
all times extremely delicate; had been further weakened by
overwork, died of an inflammatory attack of about a fort-
night's duration, though-it did not assume a serious aspect
till within a day or two of the end.—Scotsman. .
A SMITHFIELD. CLUB CATTLE. SHow.—Yesterday
the galleries of the Baker-street Bazaar were thrown open ,
for the reception of Implements, &c., to be exhibited at the
ensuing' Smithfield Club Cattle Show, and a considerable
number of specimens have already-bden received: The en-
tries rife so numerous that every-available space will be oc-
cupied. The last day 'for their reception will be Thursday
next.. The cattle will conga-is-0 a large number of animals
now exhibiting at the Birmingham Cattle and Agricultural
Show, and the entries which lave been made must be in
the slieW-yard by Saturday, the 3d December. The pri-
vate view is fixed for Monday, the sth.
- - - - - •

At Moelfia, on the 23d. instant, the body of Dr.
Hatch was found with £l5O in gold, a watch,'and other
articles. A male body was also found, having in its rockets
a receipt for a registered letter for Win. liolandson from
David Bell, and some gold, Two other male bodies were
found, one supposed to be that of John Walsh. A feMale
body was picked up, with £37, some keys, a pair of spec-
tacles, an earring, &c. The divers got £1,200. A male
body, with " W. Emery" marked on the drawers, and with
£2 7s, Gd. ; and two other bodies not identified were also
found. On the 23d, in consequence of the heavy swell on
the beach, the divers iverc-n3t able to work. •