The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-15 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF PASSENGERS.

official servant of the Hapsburghs, and still the accredited Kings and Princes by the score, gorgeous in crimson and
agent of the Rothschilds ? gold, blue and silver, and many other colours. Statesmen
"Of the anti-American tone of our higher Democrati and soldiers, philosophers and poets, savans from all na-
circles, and their reflex influence on the aristocratic classes tions, and last, but not of least importance, the artisan and
of Europe, a curious proof was given by an English noble- the labourer. In this temple will be collected the repre-
man, now the Under-Secretary of War, who, while in New sentative wealth of every nation and every clime. The
York at a fashionable entertainment, deemed it no dis- Rajahs of India will send specimens of their oriental splen-
courtesy to his host or the guests to wear a symbol dour, rich shawls and scarfs ; Japan and China their intri-
of the Confederate flag that was at the time borne cate carvings in ivory and marvellously wrought images ;
by the pirates of the Atlantic. That behaviour Russia will send tho rare furs of the sable and the
on the part of one, the motto of whose ermine ; Denmark will have her Thorwalsden to compete
order noblesse oblige, would have imperatively for- in sculpture. All the rarest and the richest in every branch
bidden such an exhibition of his sympathies on any of labour will find its way to this universal show shop.
company whom he supposed loyal to their country, may What shell America, what shall the people of the other
assist us to understand how much we are indebted to lead- continent do ? How may they be represented with honour
ing Democrats of New York,. not simply for the tone of to themselves ? If she has shown her strength in arms,
the British aristocracy and the British press, but for the if she has astonished the world by the evidence of her self-
ill-omened judgment of our enemies, which induced them sustaining power, by her marvellous development and
to smile upon the inauguration of that cowardly system of inherent wealth of resource in time of necessity and peril,
piracy, whose exploits were applauded and approved when what an opportunity is before her now to show the world
our dissolution was held to be inevitable, the merchantsand that despite of the fact that millions were in arms during
statesmen of England now remember as precedents with that long four years of trial, although mine, blast, furnace,
dismay." and factory were devoted to the manufacture of arms,
To understand fully the position of the country, it is ammunition, clothing, and the endless necessities of
necessary to state the original design of the Rebel leaders, armies, she has never for one moment ceased to advance
" The plan of operations I first learned from .a source in art or the improvement of inventions and the mechanics.
which I knew to bo reliable about the Ist January, 1861 What can Massachusetts do? Surely the great factories
when South Carolina alone had asyetpassed an Actof Seces- at Lowell can turn out samples of home-made goods that
sion ; and I may properly add, in reference to an item of America need not bo ashamed of. Massachusetts can send
such curious historic interest, that its correctness was at- her representative mon here. America is:proud of all those
tested a little more than a year ago by the late Lieutenant- who maintain her honour and add to her dignity. Who
General whose memory Europe and America unite to would not like to see as commissioner to represent the
honour. It was at a dinner at Mr. Alfred Pell's that I state the loved and revered Longfellow ? Who would
related to General Scott what I had heard, precisely not welcome the presence of that noble poet amid the pro-
as I shall state it now, and that veteran soldier lis- cession that marches beneath the arches of the Peace
tened attentively to the recital, nodded assent to Palace ? Agassiz, the laborious philosopher, who has re-
each separate item, and significantly remarked at fused the invitation of Emperors to leave his adopted land,
its close: It is a true bill.' I need hardly say that the James Russell Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Ralph
opportunities of General Scott for learning accurately Waldo Emerson, these are men who should represent
the designs of the rebels were unusually good, partly from Massachusetts.
the confidence with which he was treated by his old What can New York do ? Can any one forget the pride
Southern friends, when they hoped to secure his adhesion which filled the hearts of every American as he heard the
to their cause, and again from his position as Commander- encomiums lavished on the Greek Slave in 1851. If lam
in-Chief during the early stages of the war." The original not mistaken there is in the gallery of the Hon. Hamilton
rebel plan, whose correctness is thus attested, was as Fislesn New York,Palmer's "White Captive." That statue
follows: is a miracle of beauty ; it is a work that alone would im-
" After the secession of South Carolina, the other cotton mortalise the artist, but Palmer and Powers can send many
States were to follow as rapidly as the machinery of seces- more that would challenge comparison with European
sion by means of conventions could- be put into operation. artists. In painting there is Coles's " Voyage of Life,"
That matter was decided and in train ; the more Northern which I am sure the Reverend Mr. Abbott would lend.
and border States, which were still doubtful, wore to be There is also his "Dream of Oneida;" then there is
coaxed, or dragooned into the movement, as might be ne- Church's "Niagara," his " Heart of the Andes," and his
cessary, and especially Maryland. As soon as Maryland "Icebergs ;" next Beersteidt's "Rocky Mountains," and
should secede, she was to pass an act rescinding the act some of Hart's lively scenes of the Hudson. In photography
of cession to the United States of that part of the district there is Brady, Gurney, and Frederics, whose galleries
of Columbia which had formerly belonged to Maryland. are not surpassed or even equalled in Europe. The deli-
The moment that act was passed Washington was to be cate shades and the sharpness of outline of the various
seized under colour of law as belonging to the State of portraits I have never seen excelled, even in Brussels.
Maryland. The new Confederacy was to be improvised, There is Brady's gallery of the battle scenes of the late
the Constitution and laws of the United States were war; then the imperial-sized photographs of all the pro-
to be readopted as they stood, with .a single ex- minent actors in that drama are well worth a study. Next
ception, making slavery universal. The new Con- comes invention. What nation so rich as America in the
federacy was to be proclaimed the United States invention of labour-saving machinery. The works at
de facto. The allegiance of the army and navy was to be Springfield are the admiration of every visitor, whether
claimed, and would, they believed, be yielded. Recognition foreign or native. So perfect are they that fee-similes
by the foreign Ministers at Washington was to be de- have been imported, and are now used in the Government
mended, and as they felt assured would be conceded, an Armoury Factories of England. Then there are sewing
invitation was to be extended to the Northern and Wes- machines, Hoe's Printing Press, M'Cormick's Reaper, and,
tern States, excepting New England, and perhaps Western in fact, a catalogue of wonders that alike evince the genius
New York, to resume their places in the new Confederacy of a people. Every State has its peculiar representative of
on precisely the same terms as in the old ; those invitee inherent wealth, its manufactories, and its commercial
tions, they thought, would be gradually accepted, and the products. What says the great Pacific States? California,
new Government was to move on." whose wealth of gold surpasses all the fabulous tales of
When history comes to deal with thii subject, free from Marco Polo, must send her quartz, ribbed with auriferous
the prejudices which now so generally blind our judgment, veins. Colorado, - Nevada, and Idaho must let the world
it will be acknowledged that few countries, with annals know bow rich theyare in minerals. Their silver mines must
'embracing a thousand years, had ever to face so great a be represented, those mines which will prove so remune-
peril. The action taken by the Union League Club will rative that the capitalists of Earope will wonder at their
then give to that body a prominent place among the bene- products. Lot the Governors of all the States send such
factors of mankind. " This was the bold outline of a plan specimens that the mineralogists here may be astonished ;
that depended for its execution on the concurrence of the and well they may be, when they see quartz producing
Northern Democracy, and which but for the efforts of the £2OO and £250 to the ton.
members of the Union League Club might have been par- The Government of tho United States should also see that
tially successful. It was through their vigilance that Con- the country is properly represented.
gress and the North were with difficulty aroused to the First of all, the various inventions appertaining to war,
dangers that threatened the capital, and it was owing to are far in advance in America to that of any other country.
information conveyed to the Government. by one of the The Admiralty of England are having models made of the
most faithful and untiring of your body that the Maryland last iron-clads for the Exhibition. Surely the formidable
Legislature the moment it met, without waiting for a State vessels which of late have been built for the United States
Convention, intended to prepare an Act of Secession, and navy would be worthy of modelling. Send over armour-
commit Maryland to the fortunes of the Rebellion, that plates, too. Surely Pittsburgh would be willing to exhibit
the orders were promptly given to General M'Clellan their plates beside those of Sheffitld. Let us have Rod-
to arrest its members in advance of their assembly. This man, and Parrett, and Weir, and Dahlgreen guns ; let us
timely move, of the occasion for which the country has have all the various class of shot and shell ; let us have
I believe never been publicly advised, checked the auda- the Spencer rifle—in fact, every breech-loading weapon
cious plan by which Washington was to have been seized that has been invented. Lot the ship-builders send over
under colour of law with all its muniments and archives, models of their clippers and steamers, manufacturers of
and a new Government de facto proclaimed and recognised machinery, models of every improvement and perfect class.
by the Foreign Ministers in a manner well calculated to Let America hold her own. It is computed that two hun-
demoralise and dismay the country." dred thousand people will cross the Atlantic next spring
It was this club that nerved the Cabinet of Mr. Lincoln, to be present in Paris,during the Exhibition. Every one of
that supplied the money and the credit, which enabled him those visitors would at once desire to know how his coun-
to maintain the national honour. To it is due that magni- try compared with others. All that is necessary to corn-
ficent gathering in Union Place which accepted the chal- mend the admiration of European visitors is for America
lenge of war given at Sumter. This was the body which to be active, liberal, and earnest, and to enter with her
first unfurled the standard, and roused the nation to a whole heart into the coining strife. A prize from the Ex-
sense of its condition aed of its duties. From its energy hibition will be future capital in trade, and will be a badge
first proceeded that spirit that spread like wild-fire through as priceless as the Victoria Cross or the Legion of Honour,
all the land. The open display of traitorous designs were Uresham Homo, London. T. RAWLINGS, F.R.G.S.
overawed in New York. Treason was driven front the
public marts, the churches, and drawing-rooms, and the
rebels of New York were astonished to find the stars and
stripes waiving from a hundred steeples, and allegiance to
the Constitution solemnly enjoined as a Christian duty.
But the Club did not confine its work to a mere moral
influence. It had poured out its money like water—it
had roused up the enthusiasm of the country—and then it
proceeded to raise volunteers by thousands. While the
soldiers and sailors of the nation fought their desperate foe
at the front, this devoted band of loyal men guarded their
rear from the more insidious enemy they had left behind.
Throughout the war their energies never flagged ; and
this foremost body of patriots had the happiness of carry-
ing out the great principles for which they contended to
a result so triumphant that their name will never cease to
be associated in the Union with the great contest they in-
augurated, and for whose success they had so devotedly con-
tended. Such, in a few words, is the history of this asso-
ciation. But John Jay does not confine his address to an
outline of its career. This is touched on more as incidents
of the broad and national policy he expounds. The pamph-
let is replete with striking statements of errors of policy
and the means by which they were rectified, their effects
in Europe, the action of European powers, and the posi-
tion Americans have attained in Europe, which he will
consider in a future number. Mr. Jay has supplied in his
address materials sufficient for volumes—statements which
we have no doubt will give rise to fierce controversy, and
bring on himself all the thunders of a party he has so
'orcibly and fearlessly.denounced.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

" THE LANCET" ON SCIENTIFIC TOys.—lt is ev

dent—that the sports of children no longer satisfy
the child. The modern five-year-old young person
is so far ahead of a child who completed his first
lustrum any time in the last century that he turns
with contempt from the simple toys of a generation
to whom science was unknown. This change may
be traced to various causes, and possibly one of the
most influential is attributable to that charming
little work on the science of sport which is now
known to have been written by the late Dr. Paris
when he was President of the College of Physicians.
Science in earnest has, since he wrote, made a pro-
fitable business by supplying philosophy in sport.

Any scientific recluse wishing Co ascertain the pro
gress of society in the direction to which his own
studies tend may possibly gain information from the
lectures of the Royal Institution, but is just as likely
to obtain what he wants by making a tour of the
toy-shops. If the word " science" means that which
is known, and if the term " knowledge" indicates that
which is demonstrated and understood, then a child
who comprehends the true story of any half-dozen
of the new scientific toys would be a serious anta-
gonist to tackle in a discussion. It is probable, how-
ever, that the rising generation is content with the
charming results, and inclined to fight shy of all
expectations. This is lucky for pastors and masters,
who might be rather bothered by close questioning,
'unless possessing the ingenuity of that paterfamilias
who shirked the responsibility of explaining the
meaning of hydrated sulphocyanide of mercury by
gravely informing the inquisitive urchin that Pha-
raoh's serpents belonged to the venomous kind of
snakes, and therefore should be avoided. This play-
thing has had its day in this country, although the
number sent to China and Japan is said to be enor-
mous. There is some reason to fear that boys and
girls, as they grow up, may still retain the belief
that toymakers invent all these new scientific play-
things. Content with the result, they accord a sort
of half belief to the imaginative statements which
accompany the toy ; so that it is probable that
there are many thousand young folks to
whom it is a matter of faith that some
relation exists between Pharaoh and the serpents
produced by setting fire to a bit of mercurial salt,
which was first discovered a thousand years after
Pharaoh was forgotten. There are numerous mo-
dern toys which in reality only present in an attrac-
tive form results attained by abstruse scientific in -
vestigation—" non sine Dis animosus infans." That
delicious moment of expectant observation which
accoinpanie.s the moistening of one of those bits of
mysterious white paper sold as magic photographs
is a practical source of daily enjoyment to many
children. But the beautiful picture which then comes
to view conveys to them no information about the
history of its appearance ; for this child's delight,
this play-room toy is in reality a very complex
chemical process, where the printed image is first
removed by bichloride of mercury, and then revived
by hyposulphite of soda. Another eminently popu-
lar toy just now—the " rainbow bubble"—is a
passing result that was obtained in the course of
certain abstruse experiments on the refraction of
fluid media. It is of exquisite beauty, but its re-
sources as an amusement are not half developed.
Thus, it is easy to blow one bubble within another
by simply thrusting a fine glass tube charged with
the fluid through the very material of the bubble
itself, and then blowing an inside sphere. So, also,
the finger, similarly moistened, may be introduced,
and the bubble left to hang on a digitn like one of
the fruits in Aladdin's garden. Ag, the in-door
fireworks that are such a screaming delight to the
rising generation represent years of study. The
paper which, crumpled, lighted, and thrown into
the air, blazes like a meteor, is but a mitigated
pyroxyline ; one of the many results of the discovery
of gun-cotton by Schonbein. More curious still
arc the little matches which throw out beautiful
star-spangles, and are known as Japanese fireworks.
These are due to a composition which involves the
most delicate processes of the pyrotechnic art, and
has been known for nearly two centuries as " spur
fire." Its perfection depended upon the extent of
the trituration of the simple materials, for if the
nitre was too minutely powdered the effect ceased.
The Japanese have afforded the clue to the mystery,
as these matches show that it was necessary for the
nitre to be melted into a ball before the spur-like
sparkles appeared. Another equally curious, but
also somewhat dangerous amusement, consists of
. little globules appropriately named " crocodiles'
tears" and " lames de diable," which blaze when
thrown into water. These of course consist of po-
tassium in soluble casing. It world be easy to cite

Exposition.
America at the Path

A writer in a contemporary says

SIR, —Von Bismarck having finished his game of ten-
pins, and having made somo excellent ten strikes, besides
knocking some skittles out of shape and out of sight, has
now, we believe, retired to some watering-place, in order
to invigorate his health ; while Prussia, flushed with vic-
tory, and intoxicated with her marvellous advancement
among the nations of the earth, wears a placid smile of
contentment that is really touching. She now declares to
all the small kingdoms she has conquered by the sword
and absorbed by the stroke of the pen that her aim is
peace, the advancement of science andart, and the solidarity
of the people. Austria, having shaken off the Quadri-
lateral, which rested as an incubus on her vitality,
and having rid herself of the presence of the uninvited
and unwelcome visitors who so familiarly explored
her tobacco factories and her vineyards, now announces
that her whole aim and purpose is to benefit those who are
subject to her and to recuperate her exhausted military and
monetary system.

Italy, ever bathed in the soft sunshine of classic
memory, ever interesting in her history of marble and
soul-subduing in her Eden-like fascination, is free from the
Alps to the Adriatic. Venice comes back and brings the
iron crown of Lombardy to adorn the brow of Italy's king.
A thousand years of suffering, of tyranny, of misfortune,
and long-wearing waiting, has at last culminated in an
Italy that will be an entirety. The Pope is preparing
to depart. The banners, vestments, and all the grand
paraphernalia that have so long glittered and daz-
zled near the throne of the Caesars, will ere long
symbolise only the religion of Christ, while the King
shall sit on her Capatoline Hills, wielding temporal power
over that land of poetry and art.
Russia is engaged in advancing her internal interests, in
improvements of every kind, and at this moment in pre-
parations for the nuptials of the heir to the throne and a
lovely princess. Triumphant arches, splendid banquets,
regal processions, and wondrous illuminations will be the
panorama presented for the next two or three .months in
that mighty empire. Turkey is suppressing revolt in
Candia, and ere the lapse of a month peace, however cruel
its conditions, will be an accomplished fact.
England will go on in her usual peaceful way. The
stroke of the hammer, the pulsation of the engine, and the
roar of trade will echo from land's end to land's end.
France said through her Emperor, "l'Empire e'ezt paix,"
and the visitor to Paris, if he will but visit the Champ de
Mars, will realise the truth of these words. Not only is a
building raising its domes and roof toward the sky, and
spreading its great wings over immense space, but a city
is appearing as if by magic, and astonishing by its propor-
tions all who look upon it.
Europe is at peace, and all the nations are invited in
1867 to manifest their love of peace by joining in this Ex-
hibition, which is to inaugurate a new era of " Peace on
earth and goad-will towards naen." Such au assemblage as
will meet in Paris to inaugurate this gigantic temple,
erected in honour of the useful and the beautiful, will find
no parallel in history. La belle Paris, beautiful and won-
drously brilliant as she always is, will outdo herself, and
right royal will be the welcome she will extend to the re-
presentatives of all the tribes of the earth. There will be
Emperors in imperial purple and Empresses in matchless
garments, 414 decked with priceless jewelled diadems,