The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-10 00:00:00

Commence at 8 o'clock.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
AN UNEQUAL MATCH. Miss Amy Sedgwick.
After which, a new Farce, entitled THE RIFLE, AND
MOW TO USE IT. Messrs. Buckstone, Compton, Rogers,
Mrs. B. White, Mr Wilkins, and Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam.
And HALLOWE'EN.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCE S S'S THEATRE.-
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
LOVE'S TELEGRAPH.
To be followed by a dramatic tableau in Watteau coNE.
lours,
by j. klanche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTU
To conclude with THE TWO POLTS.

xTEW THEATRE - ROYAL, AD ELPHI.
Sole proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
Open for the Winter Season.
THIS EV will be d ICO
FRANCAIS.ENING Messrs. J. L. Toole,r Chas Selby, and Miss
Kelly.
After which, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben.
Webster ; Hulks, Mr. David Fisher; Augustus, Mr. J. L.
Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford.
Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher,
ss K. Kelly, Miss
Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Mi

Laidlaw.
Doors open at half-past ob—Commence at seven: Boy-
Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing sethisats,
nor far bills of performance. An fees to servants
establishment are strictly prohibited.
Acting. Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith:

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. The nearest Theatre Chelsea, Pilico and West-
minster, the Park being open to carriagesm and, foot passen-
gers all hours of the night.
THIS EVENING, THE WIDOW'S WEDDING.
• After which the successful Ballt Farce, b John Oxen-
ord, Esq., entitled MAGIC TOYS, supportediyby Miss Lydia
Thompson, 31iss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps de
Ballet.
To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L.
Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of
Francis; a Fond
Tape, in which Messrs. C. Youn, Barrett, A. Denial,
ire, dam es Frank Matthews, Clara St. Casse, Eliza Arden,
C. Hance, Lydia Thompson, and a numerous Corps de Ballet
will appear.
Reduced Prices--Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-office open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half—past six ; perform-
ance commences at 7.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough
THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN
EGGS.
After which THE GREAT RUSSIAN BEAR; or, An-
other Retreat from Moscow.
And CAUGHT BY THE EARS.
• Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE
LADY OF LYONS. _ _

Commence at 7 o'clock.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.—
EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these
the cele-
Con-
ierts), the extraorainary Violin Performances of
;rated Infant DELEPIERRE FAMILY, and the usual
Vocal Concert.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and mimie), W. T. Critchfleld, and E. W. Mackney.
Several interesting
of
are added to the Fine Arta
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
'beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
',sights of the metropolis.
win shortly be produced, a Grand Selection from Meyer-
bee 's new opera of DINORAH.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER 10.
THERMOMETER, IN THB:SHADB.
60—highest since noon yesterday.
57—lowest this morning and during the night.
68—this day at noon.
13AROMBTER-24.68.
WIND, Easterly ; fresh, with dull cloudy weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 12h. 53m.—Afternoon, lh. 9nt.
To-Monitow-Morning, :Ih. 25m.—Afternoon, lh. 41m.

The occupation of the island of San Juan by
American soldiers and American squatters respec-
tively under the orders and under the authorisa-
tion of the redoubtable General HARNEY—resolves
itself into nothing less than a lawless and flagrant
act of sheer Buccaneering. The expedition is, in
point of fact, a filibustering expedition. B etween
General HARNEY and the notorious General WIL-
LIAM WALKER, there really is, in vulgar parlance,
not the toss up of a brass farthing. Full particu-
lars Are elsewhere given in our impression of this
evening as to the manner in which this shameless
deed of spoliation was accomplished; and as to
the peculiar nature of the circumstances under
which it was adventured upon with the conniv-
ance, if not at the actual instigation of the Govern-
ment at Washington.
Until HARNEY'S little advanced troop of sixty-
six men and a few officers landed about a couple
of months back upon the island of San
Juan the rival claims of the United
States and of Great Britain to the possession
of that island had remained precisely in the same
position of equipoise in respect to each other as
that in which they were acknowledged to be four
years ago by the American President. A commis- '
sion has since then, that is since 1855, been ap-
pointed to decide upon the relative force of those
unsettled claims of sovereignty. But long before
the nomination of those joint commissioners in that
year of grace, 1855, the American PRESIDENT, as
we are now reminded, had himself argued and
even urged that " the title must be settled before
either party should exclude the other by force, or
exercise complete and exclusive sovereign rights
within the fairly disputed limits"—whereby, the
PRESIDENT maintained, " differences will be
avoided, until an adjustment of the line (of boun-
dary between the territories of England and Ame-
rica) can be made in a manner partially satisfac-
tory." In accordance with this sound and rational,,
not to say (what must be sufficiently obvious)
just and honourable advice—England has acted
ever since with the utmost loyalty in regard to San
Juan, abstaining altogether from 'first to last from
the enforcement of the recognition there of
her long-asserted rights of sovereignty. The ques-
tion, it was understood by mutual agreement, was
to be decided amicably by arbitration between the
two friendly Governments. To this end—with a
view to the bringing about as speedily as possible a/
this pacific arrangement of the one little territorial
difference still left a matter of doubt, after what
was at the time erroneously supposed to be the
final settlement of the great Oregon dispute—the
Commission was appointed, the Commissioners were
sent out to trace at last distinctly and beyond fur-
ther cavil the precise line of demarcation. While
those Commissioners were still busily occupied in
the responsible and delicate duties of investiga-
tion decided upon as an essential preliminary by
their respective Governments, San Juan was seized
by a coup de main in the name and by the soldiers
of the Atnerican Republic. The handful of officers and
sixty-six men originally landed upon the Island of
San Juan, together with two field-pieces and a pro-
portionate quantity of stores and ammunition
became soon increased to something bearing more
the appearance of a force entrusted with the duty
of a regular military occupation. Powder and
provisions, men and mules, guns and gun-carriages,
were rapidly accumulated upon San Juan—hitherto
(mark this !) for years and years past occupied by
British subjects alone—until the United States force
speedily numbered not 66, but 400 soldiers, with a
colonel and his aids-de-camp, four captains, and
several lieutenants, besides " a battery of eight 32
pounder guns, six fieldpieces, great quantities of pow-
der and shot and stores, and a body of labourers to as-
sist in erecting barracks." Tolerably cool, all this

—to say the least of it ! But not by any means the
whole truth, even yet ; for we learn, upon the
Yankee's own showing, that " t he place already
presents quite an active business-1 ike appearance.
A beautiful site has been selected f or a town, and
several buildings are being erectet 1." Nay, not
only this—but the whole island, when our last ad-
vices left Vancouver, the whole of the island of
San Juan was being fast covered with'
a squatter
population. This, of course, upon the
supposition
that England would take it quietly—sue h has been
the malign influence exercised by the babble of our
peace-at-any-price politicians ! Who knc )ws how
much in this particular may not have been dc me quite
unconsciously by Mr. COBDEN in his recent eearch
like a political Dr. SYNTAX, after the Yanke, e Pic-'
turesque—towards this shameless act of ro, bbery
from and treachery towards the old mother con entry
perpetrated a couple of months back by Co usin
JONATHAN? At any rate, in supposing—if the
Americans do suppose anything so extremely
absurd—that England will quietly submit to till's
indignity as well as injustice, the people of the.
United States, the Government of the United
States, the military occupants of San Juan, the
Yankee squatters of San Juan, will find themselves
very egregiously mistaken ! They will not
only find ourselves riled, but they themselves
catawampously chawed up ! As the able
Englishman, writing there at Victoria, Van-
couver's Island, and watching events there for
our chief morning contemporary, admirably well
puts it If Great Britan be firm in asserting her
rights and in resenting this unprovoked indignity
to her honour, the squatters will soon evacuate—
' absquatuiatP; as they themselves term the resto-
ration of stolen ends. A disputed title is unfa-
vourable to profitable lant2
speculation. it won't'
pay. At sight of resistance the squatters will fly
like chaff before the wind." Let his Grace
the Duke of NEWCASTLE say They shall !
The act demands it. It is an act of
treachery. It is a deed of violence and robbery—
of sheer buccaneering and flagrant filibustering.
As surely as the majesty of England was outraged
at Taku upon the Peiho by the Chinese—so has it
been by this lawless seizure of San Juan by the
Americans. As outrages, as unprovoked outrages
in the face of the whole world—both those acts de-
mand a resolute policy, a policy here of reparation,
three of expiation from the firmness, the wisdom,
the loyalty, and the patriotism of her Britannic
MAJESTY'S Government.

The King of SARDINIA has now formally entered
on the duty which he undertook in his replies to
the Duchies. He has commenced pleading their
cause and that of the Legations before the Govern-
ments of Europe. The important document we
publish to-day does not, indeed, contain much, if
anything, new in point of fact or of argument ;
that, after all the discussions which have taken
place on the position and rights of the Central
Italian States, is hardly possible. Its importance
chiefly therefore consists in the fact that the plead-
ings have now commenced before the court which
must finally decide. In international justice,
indeed, no such appeal is needed. The States on
whose behalf it is made are as much independent
States, according to both existing treaties and rea-
son itself, as England, Russia, or France. No
one has any moral right to prohibit them
from freely combining with each other, or with
any other State, in any way they may choose. De
facto, however, we too well know, the case is
difficult, and we must acknowledge that the con-
sent •f the great powers of Europe is an all-
important point to secure.
The King of SARDINIA fairly adverts to his
moderation in not having in way influenced the
acts of the States, or made use of them to prejudge
' the case. He is no imitator of General HARNEY,
of St. Juan notoriety. He, in the first instance,
recalled the Sardinian authorities, who had provi-
sionally assumed the government during the war,
that no unfair bias of the popular votes might be
suspected. Next, when the States offered him full
sovereignty, instead of even undertaking the Go-
vernment provisionally, until a Congress could
assemble, he left the States under their
own native governors. This was surely giving
every chance to revolutionists, and leaving an
opening for the chapter of accidents which was
almost straining impartiality too far. Neither
France or Austria ought to have objected to Sar-
dinia's governing provisionally the territories which
had been offered to her by those to whom they be-
longed. However, they cannot complain that she
did more than the then circumstances of the case
required. Had France or Austria received any
such offers from Belgium or Switzerland, or any
small independent State, we wonder whether either
of them would have dreamed of delaying the ac-
ceptance of it.
The memorandum begins by stating the simple
facts of the case, which in themselves are so many
irresistible arguments. The Governments of Cen-
tral Italy had long separated themselves from the
cause of Italy, and sold themselves to foreigners.
When war began, they had their choice either to
remain with their own people and maintain their
cause, or to espouse that of Austria. They
preferred the latter. They thus inevitably share
the defeat of the power under whose banner they
ranged themselves against their people, and have
" dug with their own hands an abyss between
themselves and their former people." The revolt
has been on their side. They cannot plead even
violence. They simply would not fulfil the wished
of the people, and went off to get Austrian help to
enable them to defeat those wishes. They must
acquiesce in their defeat, for no power on earth can
reinstate them in the goodwill of their former sub-
jects. . .

Then, with regard to the conduct of the Duchies
and the political merits of the case—there seems
not a word to be said against either. Order, so-
briety, moderation have everywhere prevailed. Poli-
tical excesses might have been expected after libe-
ration from a destested bondage, but these little
States have neither demanded that horrible thing,
Republican Government, nor set up each for them-
selves, nor even attempted to form one weak little
kingdom of Central Italy. They have sacrificed
all party projects ; no aspiring leaders are carving
out places for themselves. They have clearly seen
that it would need all the strength of all the Free
part of Italy to withstand an old enemy
left in the full enjoyment of his old
military strength. When LOUIS NAPOLEON
left Austria the entire Quadrangle, not even giving
to Sardinia and Lombardy its natural front ivr
fortresses, Peschiera and Mantua, he made a union
of all the free part of Italy a necessity for fan-
dom. Verona alone is a menace to Italy—with
the other three fortresses, Austria is even now the
strongest power south of the Alps. As the doeu-
/not says, Lombardy
may be regarded as did-
mantled and open at any time to a coup de main.
On the more difficult question of the Legations,
the King of SARDINIA touches with great delicacy.
Rude as the Pontiff has been to him, he does
not return evil for evil. He respects too
much the Bice of the head of Catholic
Christendom to do that. Still he points
to the undeniable fact that Austria, not the

Pontiff, has for eleven years past been the real
governor of the Legations, and that the Pontiff
only reigned nominally. He asks for them that
they shall not have to consider themselves aban-
doned, which they would do, if given up to
the intolerable abuses of their old mode of
'government, Indeed, he asserts with noto-
rious truth that so irreoncileable are those
abuses with the wants of modern civilisation
that if they be not remedied " nothing could
check the outbreak of popular passions, and
despair would drive the masses to extreme resolu-
tions." This is perhaps as much as he dare say
now. It is to be hoped that Europe will not tole-
rate the subjugation of the Legations again, to
Perugian shepherds.
The case, then, of Sardinia as the advocate of
Central Italy, and therein the advocate of Italian
Independence and her own security, is now before
the Courts of Europe. It is time it were heard and
settled. Austria thinks, probably, that she may
gain time by delay, and that a few more Col. ANVITIS
may fling themselves into the gulf to foment con-
conspiracies for her. She may find herself mis-
taken. The longer the Duchies preserve even their
present independence, the harder work it will be to
jet the yoke of the foreigner on their necks again.
LOUIS NAPOLEON now shows symptoms of wanting
to settle the business ; and it will be best for
Austria to tempt fate no longer. The dreaded
voice of England will, too, we may hope, count:for
something ; and as the finishing stroke is said to
be prepared for the Zurich Conference, we may
hope the claims of Central Italy will soon be dis-
cussed and acknowledged.

New rumours are afloat as to a probable settle-
ment, before much longer, of this miserable mis-
understanding between masters and men in the
71etropolitan Building Trade—a Strike which has
so long kept thousands of honest workmen, brick-
layers, masons, painters, join ers, carpenters, dis-
astrously for them, out of employment. God grant
it—that these fresh promises may not be nipped in
the bud like their predecessors. Already the evil
done has been grievous. Already the results have
been such that were the history of this Strike
(as far as it has yet gone) truthfully written, it
would furnish of itself abundant arguments to con-
vince any rational man of the en:why, if not the cri-
minality of such deplorable movements. Suicide
has resulted from it—suicide, under the pressure of
the most grinding privations. And the unfortu-
nate wretch who destroyed himself, a respectable
and industrious working man up to the
date of this woeful Strike, died so to speak
with a curse upon his lips against that Strike,
charging it distinctly with having driven him to
death through destitution ! Not one specious rea-
son would be left, we believe, in favour of the con-
tinuance of the Strike if the whole aggregate
domestic misery caused by it in all parts of London
could be suddenly at this moment laid bare ! If by
a touch from the crutch of ASMODEUS all the garrets
and cellars, if the walls and roofs were transparent
to us so that we could see for ourselves all those
poor rooms of the unemployed labourers stripped
of furniture—every available article of their
clothing by this time long since pawned—wives
and children huddled together, with the Future
before them a Blank—Fathers and husbands loiter-
ing about the streets outside eager for work, but
unable to grasp it. The Folly of the whole move-
ment—viewed simply as what it is, and not what
it is meant to be or what it is pretended t. be—is
the Folly of those who in homely phrase quarrel
with their bread and butter.

Their Royal Highnesses the'Duke and Duchess
d' Aumale and the Count de Conde are on a tour in Ireland.

His Highness Prince Nicholas Esterhazy and his
■on arrived in town a few days back froii Vienna.

The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough have left
Blenheim Palace, near Woodstock, for a tour in Wales.

The Earl of Coventry, who has returned south
from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Richmond at Gor-
don Castle, N. 8., intends t) entertain a largo party at his
seat in Worcestershire early in the ensuing month.
The Earl and Countess of Eglinton are about to
receive a succession of visitors at Eglinton Castle, Ayr-
shire. _ _ _

Lord Stanley and Miss Stanley have left the St.
George's Hotel.

- - -
Sir Robert Peel, Bart., M.P., and Lady Emily
Peel have been receiving a succession of guests at Drayton
Manor, near Fazeley.

The Right Hon. Sir George C. Lewis, 111. P., has
arrived at llarpton Court, Herefordshire, from attendance
on the Queen at Balmoral. The Home Secretary and Lady
Theresa Lewis and family are expected to arrive in town
the week after next.

The Right Hon. C. P. Villiers has returned to
town.

We regret to state that the Attorney-General has
recently met with a severe accident. A day %Awe ago,
whilst out shooting at his country seat (Hackwood Park),
the hon. and learned gentleman unfortunately received
several shots in the leg, four or five of which passed through
the calf, and one penetrated into the knee. The hon. and
learned gentleman in consequence of this mischance is
likely to be confined to the house for several days.
At the late meeting of the British Association,
papers were contributed to the Chemical Section by four
young men who attend the evening class of Practical Che-
mistry in the Museum of Irish Industry. This is a very
encouraging fact for the friends of adult education • it
shows how much may be accomplished when the efforts
young men make in the way of self-improvement are only
properly directed.
SAN JUAN.—BRITISH OR AMERICAN ?—From
San Juan we learn that the American and British forces
were facing, each other ; the latter in such strength as to
obviate any anxiety as to its issue should a collision unfor-
tunately occur. The sending to the scene of quarrel of
the veteran United States commander and statesman, Gen.
Scott, is regarded as evincing an amicable disposition on
the part of that Government. Whether as soldier or
diplomatist, it is obviously a wise move on their part
to have on the spot a man equally qualified
to grapple with or to arrange a difficulty. It
seems a case which offers little opening for com-
promise ; a • case, too, in which not only im-
portant interests of the two countries, but also
a question of public law, interesting to other Powers also,
is involved. The island in dispute is the outermost of a
cluster of small islands lying off Vancouver's Island. If
these small islands aro American, then the strait inter-
vening between them and 'Vancouver's Island is American
water. On the other hand, if the islands be British, the
intervening strait, by the principles of international law,
is not British water, but publiei juris, as being a channel
between the possessions of two Powers.—The Weekly
Register. "-
TELEGRAPH FROM ALEXANDRIA TO CONSTAN-
TINOPLE.—The steamer Elba, with Messrs. Newall and
Liddell on board, left Alexandria on the 24th ult. to lay
the cable from that port to Constantinople, via Scio and
Rhodes.—China Telegraph.
CAPTAIN M'CLINTOCK AND THE Fox.—This
gallant' officer has within the last few days been presented
with 'a handsome gold chronometer by the officers and
crew of the screw yacht, Fox, the companions of his late
search and labours in the Arctic regions. The chronometer
bears the-following inscription :—.‘ Presented to Captain
F. L. M'Clintock, It.N., by the officers and crew of the
R.Y.S. exploring yacht Fox, as a token of their esteem
and regard during a service of two and a half years under
his command in the Arctic Seas." Signed by the whole of
the officers and crew.
The New York line-of-packet ship American Con-
gress left Spithead for New York on Saturday.
ARRIVAL OF SHIPS FROM FOREIGN PORTS.—
In the week ending the 3d inst. there arrived at Falmouth
no less than 135 ships from foreign ports, almost entirely
for orders, and were comprised of 21 different flags—viz.,
English 54, Danish 14, Neapolitan 9, Netherland:9, Ame-
rican 8, French 6, Prussian 5, Norwegian 4, Greek 4,
Russian 3, Sardinian 3, Swedish 3, Spanish 3, Portuguese
2, Bremen 2,Mocklenburgl, Brazilian 1, Maltese 1, lonian
1, Hamburg 1, and llanoverian 1.
TILE DOUBLE MURDER AND SUICIDE AT WOR-
cEsrEtt.—Although the river Severn has been drag, el
with great care for some distance, the b 'dies of Mrs. Harris
and her infant child had not been recovered up to Friday
evening, but there is no doubt that both she and her child
are drowned. The only body found is that of the eldest
child, George. To-day the husband, Thomas Harris, was
taken before the inagisinte on the charge of attempting to
strangle his wife, a few hours before she ran from the house,
and (as is believed) threw herself and her children into the
water. Several witnesses were examined, all of whom spoke
to the ill• trealnent which Mrs. Harris had received front
her husband, and his mother and sister. Harris and his
wife, it transpired, lead repeatedly quarrelled on Monday
and Tuesday, and Harris had at dinner time on Tuesday
seized his wife by the throat and beaten her about the head
with his fist. The same evening, at tea time, the quarrel
had been renewed, and Harris's sister threatened to mu.-
der Emily (Mrs. Harris.) Mrs. Harris became greatly
excited, and declared she would drown herself and her
children, and ran out of the house. This was at nine
o'clock, and she could not be traced afterwards, but as
she ran in the direction of the river, there can be no doubt
that she jumped into the river with her two children.
Harris was remanded.

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THE STJN.
MONDA Y, OCTOBER 10, 1859.