The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-18 00:00:00

THE AUSTRIAN ARMY.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

VIENNA, Aug. 14.
Othello's occupation is well nigh gone here, al-
though there is more than enough of the pomp and
circumstance of glorious war, and there is as much
of belligerency about Vienna as if the army of Aus-
tria were preparing for battle to-morrow. Of the
storm that has passed over her little signs are here
visible, except the wrecks of men about the streets
and a few prospectless princes and throneless kings.
There is a steady current of men flowing south-
wards—perhaps it is no longer necessary to keep so
strong a force in Vienna ? Come and see. The
suburbs are like barracks, the public squares like
camps, the Prater like a battle-field. The troops
which march off seem to have their faces in the
direction of Italy, and troops are still under orders
to proceed southwards, so that the Italians will see
the frontier, wherever it may be finally drawn, well
garnished with white coats on the side of Austria.
Such outlying districts of the city as Dornbach are
crowded with soldiers nevertheless, and I hear the
adjacent hamlets are equally full. If Austria could
only get rid of some quarter of a million of soldiers
she could take off some millions of florins from the
enormous total of her liabilities ; but an army is
more easily augmented than reduced in despotic
countries, and the vessel of the State is to go down
with all its crew on board, and with the grand ap-
paratus of a first-class shipwreck. Just as she is
ready for another battle Austria strikes on the rock
of peace, and is in danger of instant foundering ;
but instead of lightening her cargo, she is actually
taking in shot and shell.

" Here is a proof of Austrian sense—
Here Austrian wit is seen—
When nothing's left that's worth defence
She build's a magazine."
But if Austria had a dozen Swifts in his best days,
instead of his worst, she would not heed his
sarcasms, or his remonstrances. The crownlressl
kings who haunt her Volksgarten have no
moura
for her, and, unchangeable as Destiny itself, she
philoso-
sues her career. It is a place for
could roll his tub
pher to come to, and if IM°genesbe might take com-
a cynic Pto the People's Garden to-night,
blind Hanover
lfvoarltkiinngthaebosiugthitn otfhethere
op:do,rwhich is trying to drown
Strauss's music with its lively chatter. His face is
marked by the serene expression peculiar to those
whose " orbs, in dim confusion veiled," must turn
within ; and there is a kindly sentiment about his
features which misfortune and sufferings have not
destroyed. His son is probably near at hand, and
it may be that the Crown Prince of Saxony and one
or two more Royal personages can be seen at the
unpretending promenade. M. Cabrera and several
amateur diplomatists are here,—whether for business
or pleasure, who can say ?—though they must be
easily pleased if they can find the latter in Vienna
at present. Perhaps they have come to assist at the
obsequies of an Empire or to watch the effects of
amputation on an ancient Constitution. The ob-
verse of the coinage of Austria will soon require re-
vision, for it is as great a sham to style Francis
Joseph King of Lombardy and Venetia as it was to
call George I 11. King of France ; but it will be some

k
S
• s
<175, A
N a s
sad consolation to know that the superscriptions of
other coinages must be altered also, and that the
Masters of the Mint of more States than one will,
need new dies. The doctrine of nationalities is only
just beginning to work. We have all heard of the
Kings of Bohemia and of the Kingdom thereof,
though it is probable that the English mind is most
impressed with the remembrance of the blind old
Monarch who was led into the thick of the fight at
Crecy and perished at the hands of some unknown
yeoman, and has some general respect for Kings of
Bohemia in consequence. Few of us have heard
of Czechia, however, or of the Czech race, as a-a
ancient Monarchy and a civilised people ; but the
Bohemians are now urging the claims they have,
been pressing for many years past to a recog-
nition of their autonomy on Austria, and Czech
heroes and Czech literature arc coming to the front
with as loud a noise as if all the Hussites were alive
again. Then the Croats are preparinig to resist Hun-
garian predominance, and the Germans are getting
ready to fight for their supremacy ; so that the power
of the Emperor to stride across his subjects and keep
them all in order is taxed to the utmost, and the
golden links of the Crown are strained almost tck
breaking. Under the surface of the Austrian mo-
narchy there are dangerous currents and violent
eddies and contending streams. The Emperor and
the army and the nobility overlie them all ; but there
is no oil to smoothe the troubled waters, and the
vast ocean of human thought and passion refuses to
be compressed. The stories of suffering and oppres-
sion from foreign enemies—of sickness and ruine,a
harvests—of blighted crops and deserted villages,__
which come from Moravia and Bohemia, add to the
gloom which prevails. Men talk of popular rights
and of the action of popular assemblies as if they
could cure all these evils, but the wise fear they
would only serve as the craters of volcanoes—to
pour out fire and lava. The news from France is
hailed by some with unmixed satisfaction. They see
in it a chance of alliances that may avert the evil
day, or procure more compensation for past misfor-
tunes. Another eagle is coming down to claim its
share of the carcase, and in the contest a fragment
or two may be snatched by less noble or lucky birds.
Others look on the appearance of the new proprietor
of a set of talons and a sharp beak as a natural and
preconcerted event in the action of the play. If it
comes to a fight it is hard to say which will win, and
what auxiliaries may turn up to take sides on the
stage. Prussia is on a war footing, but her soldiers
have suffered from sickness and fighting, and may
have no great stomach for another campaign with
a different and more formidable antagonist, and
at the same time the most daring, self-confident,
and able of French marshals may hesitate be-
fore he commits himself and his army to a march
at the other side of the Rhine, against so potent and
resolute an adversary. So far as I can learn, no step
has yet been taken to reduce the Austrian army or
its establishments. There is to be a decided move-
ment for its complete reorganisation very speedily,
but it is not decided what shape the change will as-
sume, except that the breech-loader is to be intro-
duced as fast as possible. The transport service will
be improved so as to give greater mobility. Anarmy
can now be concentrated with rapidity by means of
railways, but no great improvement has been intro-
duced in the way of moving it when once it has been
turned out on the fields from the trains, and much
is yet to be learnt in that respect. Men can only
carry a certain weight, and every pound they bear
diminishes their power of getting over distances and
fighting effectually. The knapsack is the general's
greatest enemy. Next comes his supply train ; next
his reserve ammunition. We hear they manage these
things very well in France, and the Power which is
best prepared for war and can strike the quickest
and most sudden blow has greater chances of success
now-a-days than ever.

(Front the Times Military Correspondent)
GORTZ, Aug. 12.
The Austrian army consists of so many varieties
of troops and races of men that it constantly hap-
pens that soldiers serving in the same campaign and
even under the same general are unable to understand
each other's speech. Individual men and individual
regiments arc expected to merge themselves in the
general mass ; all that is done bravely and well is to
reflect credit on the Emperor's army, not on any
part of it only, and perhaps it is as well not to run the
risk of raising jealousies among the different na-
tionalities. Yet by this means some esprit de corps
must be lost, and it requires an Austrian mind to
comprehend fully the wisdom of this arrangement,
which appears to an Englishman more patriarchal
than practical.
There has long been established on the Turkish
frontier of the Imperial dominions an organisation
which has been of much value to Europe in its day,
and still remains valuable to the country which gave
it birth. It is known by the name of the military
frontier orMilitargrantze, and has become a nursery
for excellent troops always ready for service, trained
to arms from their earliest manhood, and ever faith-
ful to the House of Hapsburg. Besides Transylva-
nia, which is simply a colony, partly military and
partly civil, there are the three frontiers—Croatian,
Slavonian, and that of the Banat. The first founda-
tion of these colonies was laid as early as the begin-
ning of the 16th century by a grant of land to cer-
tain Slavonic refugees, but they passed through
many vicissitudes till the present organisation was
effected about the middle of the last century.

The fundamental principle of the system is that
the land is divided among the different families for
their own cultivation, but on the condition that
every male from the age of 18 till he is no longer
capable of bearing arms is a soldier, and liable to be
called out either for home or foreign service if re-
quired. But not all equally so, for these military
borderers are divided into three distinct classes:—'l.
The regular
of the
0 ebb olirdg
inhabitantsae
tr e
rt rGo or
ap
ns 2,
t;
azsrteathuner
d,ndtemd
or
remreilpsio.etrpavurelya. population;
3,awlidtohlfeeor the administration of affairs of arts, arms,
and agriculture are divided into 15 districts, 14 of
which furnish each a regiment of the lst class, or
regular border troops, consisting in peace of two
battalions of six companies, each company having
four officers and 164 men, including artificers, musi-
cians, and men for the service of the officers and for
carry wounded or sick. The 15th district furnishes
only one battalion, both in peace and war, called
the Titler Battalion, of the same strength as those
mentioned above, butit is treated in all respects as a
regiment, and will be here spoken of as such. In
war formation regiments have three battalions, and
eight of them are furnished with a fourth, but this
last contains only four companies.
For purposes of administration and occasional
manoeuvring the regiments are paired off, each pair
trlaitsecoeft,ht;tboLuaoebskalhine:ni,idnessnuaed.gpts.
constituting a brigade. The 13th is counted as a
brigade by itself. Five brigades are governed by a
e iarnp importantphsindtiesd
general commandantofthesaamt
eArgarnakma,
tand e
int the
voatrh. other three
by an officer The
commander has full military, administra-
tive,asisted by a staff consisting of officers especially
populationcommand,o .
verdeigetinicmanteaael:ndtd:
aool
Should
political lwil rftuanroycrt i
administrationfunctions
illcall him away
awmnimtdhagnpoctarvletnronvcthhiises
egciimvilendtustiCeso

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