The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-11 00:00:00

THE MITRDER IN DEAN-STREET.

The coroner's jury have returned a verdict of
wilful murder against Black. The assassin has as
yet eluded the vigilance of the police.

MIR ADDERLEY, M.P., ON EDUCATION.

The Right Hon. C. B. Adderley, M.P., Vice-
President of the Committee of Council on Educa-
tion, addressed a meeting at Saltley on Thursday
evening. The occasion was the foundation of the
local library and museum. Mr. Adderley is the
founder of the museum.

Mr. ADDERLEY commenced by a comparison of
our principles and system of State education with
foreign countries. Here the rule was that the
State should in no case interfere, except where it
was absolutely necessary. In autocratic countries
there was a king patron, who gave education as he
pleased, as in France, where the whole system was
organised by the Government; whilst in Prussia
they went still further, and so got rid of what
was a great difficulty in one way, namely, the
policy of the State affording not only education,
but religion to the people. In Prussia there was
a Government ' religion concocted by the Go-
vernment, and of course enforced on the people.
In America the difficulty was removed in a
different way—by elimination—the religious
element was omitted altogether, the primary part
which this country never could consent to eliminate.
(Cheers.) England, therefore, could not imitate the
examples of either autocratic or democratic coun-
tries. Where then, in this country ought the State
to interfere? He maintained that here the State
should not aid or interfere with anything which
could possibly be done without its assistance. The
State must do all aggregate national acts—such as
the conduct of war and of foreign affiiirs, the admi-
nistration of finance, and of the laws—but it was a
distinct rule and principle in this country that
aught else should be left for the people to do them-
selves, simply because they could do it best, and
were interested in its being done. There were, how-
ever, some exceptions to the general rule of non-in-
terference of the Government with national educa-
tion, and the most prominent of these was the ques-
tion of educating the poor. Here the great rule of
self-interest was not experienced, or, in the terse and
strong words of Mr. John Stuart Mill, " the want is
felt least where the * need is greatest." The
help of the State in matters of education should be
strictly confined to the case of the poor. Now, it
seemed to him that there were three classes of poor
children, in whose education the State might safely
and legitimately, and ought to interfere ; firstly,
the children of the industrious working class ;
secondly, pauper children who are absolutely desti-
tute, who are practically parentless, and cast upon
the tutelage 'of others ; and, thirdly, the children
of parents who could educate them but won't, and
who were cast upon the world to become criminals
and utterly abandoned. To the first of these classes
the State stood in a paternal relation, and was
bound to help them. The other classes it was most
necessary and essential the State should aid, be-
cause it must support them as thieves unless it edit-
red them, and made honest, industrious citizens
of them, and of use to the country. (Hear, hear.)
He thought there could be no doubt on this point
as a question of cheapness and policy. As re-
garded the children in that class of schools, of one
of which the residents of this neighbourhood
had reason to be proud (reformatory schools), there
were two specialties which did not belong to other
schools. One was, that in educating the children
in them, the State should take care to enforce the
payment by the parents of such a contribution to-
wards the cost of the child's support at the house
as it would have cost them at home. If they did
not do that they would be holding out an absolute
reward to vicious parents to neglect their children.
(Hear, hear.) The other specialty was that indus-
trial education must necessarily be an element in
the instruction afforded. This must be so because
the State, standing in the relation of a parent, must
provide an apprenticeship to such a trade as would
enable the children to become honest andindustrious
members of society. Mr. Adderley en passant
turned aside to combat the erroneous impression
which, he said, existed with regard to this class of
schools, that they were prisons and not schools. He
maintained, however, that they had so far vindicated
their character, and he trusted that ere many years
they would be recognised as necessary, if not pri-
mary, as amongst the important class of national
schools throughout the country. (Hear, hear.)
The right hon. gentleman then went on to enforce
the duty of the State towards pauper children,
taking occasion, however, in doing so, to lament
that the Act of 1857 did not empower boards of
guardians to establish district industrial schools for
these children, where they might be removed from
the noxious influence of the workhouse. Speaking
next of the children of honest artisans and work-
people throughout the kingdom, who did not attach
sufficient importance to education to demand it as
they would food for their bodies, he inquired why
should schools for this class be supported by the
State ? Well, if not the State, who ought to come
forward P Why not employers ? Why shouldnot
the voluntary good feeling of employers and
others furnish the money to cover the expense
of educating these children ? The State
must come in to aid, but it must merely aid—
not supersede voluntary effort. The educa-
tion afforded should be general and elementary ;
it should be confined strictly to the poor, and to
children and youth, and not extend to adults old
enough to look after themselves. There was, how-
ever, a constant pressure to induce Government to
interfere beyond the limit of elementary education
in these schools, and to combine the industrial ele-
ment. This was a great mistake. It was all very
well in reformatories, where the relation of the
State was parental. but the result of educating the
three millions of children in this Country within the
age of discretion, in all the branches of industrial
training in an elementary school, would be so dis-
astrous that even the Emperor of the French would
shrink from incurring it. (Laughter.) No national
workshop would have so disastrous an effect as such
an attempt, and yet there was nothing which the
department of Government with which he was con-
nected was so frequently called upon to do as to as-
sist in the industrial branch in elementary schools.
Mr. Adderley next glanced at what he termed the
shallow philosophy which was now and then enun-
ciated about teaching " common things" to the
lower classes of children ; and after turning over
fyaosorutatohfstehwsehmopuorlomdpebenretsdathe question that had been raised
igveertaed f
at which
the elementaryichtheeduca
education of
the special channel, that channel which was qualify
them for the duties of life;, after all, he said, the
parents of children must be the judge of this point,
according to the level which the wants of the coun-
try find for themselves from time to time. The right
hon. gentleman remarked that Cobbett once said to
Lord Althorp, " I want none of your school non-
sense ; for my plough I want a good ploughboy, not
an historian." (Laughter.) Yes, replied Lord Al-
thorp, " that's just what I am trying for with
schools ; I want to make good ploughboys as well
as good historians." Still Cobbett's sneer was a good
one against some theorists of the present day. Mr.
Bright, in his speeches, made just the opposite mis-
take. He could not believe that a ploughboy could
not be educated well unless he was made a scholar;
nor could Mr. Bright comprehend that those whom he
termed aristocrats had any business in real life.
Now he (Mr. Adderley).believed in the education
of industry, and the industry of education and posi-
tion, and believed that a ploughboy might be as
well educated as Mr. Bright, without knowing quite •
as much of history as he did. (A laugh.) And if
ever Mr. Bright rose to the position of an aristo-
crat, which the institutions of the country allowed
one with talents like his to achieve, he would find
in that elevated sphere quite as much scope for
diligence and field for industry. Reverting to the
early age at which it was said th 6 young were
made to enter upon the business of life, the right ,

hon. gentleman dwelt briefly upon the half-time
system, of the principle of which he expressed his
approval. He afterwards made some observations
upon the working of the Government assistance to
schools of design. He counselled the greatest cau-
tion in not going too far, and held that whilst sti-
mulating them by awarding prizes and other induce-
ments to the pupils, the State ought at all events
not to stand in the way, as the result of injudicious
patronage must reSnitin the corruption and ulti-
mate failure of its object. In conclusion, Mr. Adderley
addressed himself to the case of mechanics' and
other institutions of a cognate character to those of
which they were the promoters, and which were
maintained in their efficiency by the independent li
efforts and the independent desire for improvement
of its members. He contended that to extend Go-
vernment support to such institutions would be to
stab this independence ; and by teaching the pro-
moters to walk on crutches instead of their own
legs would diminish their activity and zeal. After
some general remarks on the blessings which would
accrue to the State as the work of education pro-
gressed, the right hon. gentleman resumed his seat
amidst prolonged applause.
On the motion of Mr. C. RATCLIFF, a hearty vote
of thanks was accorded to Mr. Adderley for his
able lecture ; and, after a similar compliment to the
rev. chairman, the audience separated, many of
them spending some time in inspectingthe contents
of the different departments of the institution.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, 'Tan. 10.

(Before Mr. Commissioner Goulburn.)
IN RE JAMES PARKINS.
The bankrupt is described as an auctioneer, of
No. 5, Grocers'-hall-court.
This was a meeting for proof of debts and last
examination. Mr. Pook appeared for the assignees,
and Mr. Lucas for creditors.
The report of the official assignee (Mr. Pennell)
sets forth that the bankrupt appears before the
court for the third time. In 1834 the bankrupt
owed £1,271, and paid 7s. in the pound ; in 1851
he owed £4,677, and paid ls. lid. in the pound, on
that occasion receiving a third-class certificate after
12 months' suspension ; and on the present occasion
the debts are £751 without any available assets.
It would further appear that in April, 1857, the
bankrupt, having a surplus of £3,512, settled his
furniture and £2,000 upon his wife.
A proof for £373 was tendered by Mr. Charles
Lyne, stockbroker.
Mr. Pook said he must object to the proof. It
arose out of time bargains on the Stock Exchange
with a myth.
The Commissioner—How does the debt arise ?
Mr. Lyne—Brokerage on Consols.
The Commissioner—What amount ?
Mr. Lyne—About £40,000 or £50,000.
The Commissioner—ln what period ?
Mr. Lyne—ln the months of May and June.
The Commissioner—The claim arises on time
bargains ?
Mr. Lyne said it arose out of brokerage and
losses as paid to the jobbers. He (Mr. Lyne) was
a broker, not a jobber.
The Commissioner—l doubt whether the proof
can be allowed. It arises out of gambling transac-
tions. You had better not go into it if you wish the
bankrupt to:have a certificate. What is the amount
of loss upon such transactions that disentitles a
bankrupt to a certificate ?
Mr. Hook—£2oo within 12 months of the bank-
ruptcy. Here that case does not occur. The alleged
loss has not been paid. If it has not been paid it
cannot be a loss.
The Commissioner intimated a different opinion.
Mr. Lyne partially explained the character of his
transactions, which was to purchase in May or
June Consols for July account at a difference of
per cent. The bankrupt anticipated a rise. He
(Mr. Lyne) had paid £75 on the bankrupt's account
to jobbers for the " option" of demanding the de-
livery at a future day.
The Commissioner—That is a gambling transac-
tion—a transaction at the gaming table. I think
brokerage on these transactions cannot be recovered.
It is a gambling transaction, and the less said about
it the better.
Mr. Pennell—The bankrupt accounts in his
balance-sheet for profits of £7OO or £BOO on trans-
actions of this character.
Mr. Lucas—l will show that the amount ought
to be £1,500 or £1,600.
The Commissioner said it was contrary to public
policy that such debts could be recovered. All
parties who in any way had been particeps criminis
could not recover.
Mr. Lawrance said the case was one of very great
importance to stockbrokers. If a person entered
into transactions for his own benefit he could not
prove, but the case of brokers had been held to
be different.
The Commissioner—l cannot understand broker-
age upon a transaction that is only ideal. I must
disallow the proof unless I am shown authorities to
the contrary.
Mr. Lyne explained that the claim was thus made
up :—£2s for brokerage, and £75 on account of the
" option" adverted to.
The Commissioner—To whom was this paid ?
Mr. Lyne—To two jobbers; one-half to Mr;
Murray Richards on a transaction in £lO,OOO Con-
sols ; the other half to Mr. Ellis Williams on a
transaction in £lO,OOO Consols. I did not demand
in July the stock which they undertook, if called
upon, to deliver, and I had to pay the difference,
the bankrupt failing to do so. I also claim £273
for differences paid on account, being the actual loss
that I have sustained in consequence of the bank-
rupt failing to take up the stock.
The Commissioner—l should now like to see the
case cited in support of the proof.
The cases "Knight v. Fitch," 24, Law Journal,
New Series, part 2 ; and " Grisewood v. Slane, "
21, Law Journal, New Series, part 2, page 46, were
then cited.
His Honour decided that the cases were not ana.
logous. A stockbroker was not, in his opinion,
entitled to prove as for work and labour done
where he knew he was employed to effect time bar-
gains. The gentlemen of the Stock Exchange,
who took so great an interest in the question might
if they thought proper appeal, but he must reject
the proof altogether.
It was here objected that the bankrupt had in
his accounts debited himself with only about £BOO
as profits on time bargains, whereas Mr. Lyne and
Mr.. Rogers could prove th• payment to him of
£1,500 on account of such profits. It was also de-
sirable to investigate the circumstances under
which the bankrupt had effected the settlement.
The Commissioner doubted whether, in respect
to the alleged difference between the £BOO and
£1,500, the Court could call upon the bankrupt to
produce, as it were, his "betting-book." (A laugh.)
Mr. Lucas—But if the receipt of the money can
be proved he may be called upon to account for its
application.
The Commissioner—Certainly; and, as regards
the other point—the settlement—it has been made
so recently, such a short time before the bank-
ruptcy, and the bankrupt's visits to this court must
have made him so familiar with the law of settle-
ments, &c., that it may be a fair subject for inquiry.
There will be an adjournment for the purposes
required.
Adjournment accordingly.

MIDDLBSEX-SESSIONS, lan. 10.

(i3efore the Assistant-Judge.)
The Court sat to-day at the Guildhall, West-
minster, to hear petitions and appeals. Altogether
there were 108 entered on the list, 31 of which
were parish appeals involving questions of settle-
ment, three were against convictions, and the rest
(including two by the parish of Hammersmith,
against the basis or standard for the county rate)
were appeals by various public bodies against local
rates. A number of these were disposed of by con-
sent, and those for trial were adjourned until the
11th of .•February. The court was occupied the
whole of the day in disposing of the parish cases,
which were not of the least public interest.