The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-06 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
Reappearance of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Wigan.
THIS EVENING, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Mr. J. L.
Toole, Miss Woolgar.
Followed by THE HOUSE? or, THE HOMEn, ? Mr. A.
Wigan, C, Selby, ffillington ; Mrs. Alfred Wiga Miss H.
Simms. Miss Laidlaw.
To conclude with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs.
J. L. Toole, Chas Selby, Billington ; Misses Keeley, Arden,
and Laidlaw, and Hrs. Billington.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.
Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box
Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No fees to
servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.
Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke.
Novel, Varied, and Attractive Entertainments.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
a new military spectacle, called FRANCE AND AUSTRIA.
After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN
TB CIRCLE, introducing Mr. John Henry Cooke, the
greatest rider in the world, and the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's
family, being the only instance on record of such a domestic
concentration of unequalled male and female talent ;
Francisco; Miss Holloway. A Grand Amazonian Entree by
Twelve Ladies.
To conclude with THE SPANISH DANCERS.
Stage Manager. Mr. K. Phillips
On Whit-Monday next, a novelty of the most astounding
but gratifying description.
Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes,G 3s.alle ;
ry, Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, Is.; upper
6d.
Private Boxes, £4 4s, £2 2s, and £1 ls.
To commence at 7 ; Carriages at 11.

CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS
GALLERY. Westminster-road.—Open at Seven.
ZVERY EVENING during the week will appear
THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,

- -
Consisting of three Juvenile Violiniqs, viz., Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and
EIGHT years.
The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi-
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.
They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and
ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments.

CHRISTY'S MINSTRELS.
MONDAY MORNING, 6TH JUNE, 1859.
In consequence of a sudden and grievous affliction the
performances by the Christy's Minstrels are unavoidably
suspended until THURSDAY EVENING next, .Tune 9,
when they will be resumed at the usual hour, 8 o'clock.
J. W. RAYNOR, Director.

St. James's Hall, Piccadilly.

THE WEATHER.--SIIN OFFICE, JtNE 5.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
74—highest since noon yesterday.
65—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.94.
WIND, Northerly ; light, with fine sunshiny weather,
A heavy storm, with thunder, in the afternoon.
JUNE 6.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
76—highest since noon yesterday.
63—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.08.
WIND, South-Westerly; light, with fine weather.

THE SUN.
MONDAY, JUNE 6, 1859.

If any reliance can be placed on the statemen
made by the Emperor NAPOLEON to the EMPRESS,
and posted on the Bourse, and copied into the
Moniteur, the Austrians have received another, and,
on this occasion, it would appear, almost a decisive
defeat. The scene of action was at Magenta, in
Lombardy, about two miles eastward of the Bridge
of Buffalora, by which the Austrians moved into
Sardinia at the commencement of the war, intent,
as it was then supposed, on the capture of Turin,
and cutting off the possibility of French assist-
ance. But the proverbial sluggishness of
the German disposition prevented them from
gaining the slightest advantage, save that
of plundering the unresisting peasantry. They
sought no contest, and it was not until they
pushed their reconnaissance at Casteggio and Mon-
tebello too far that they were doomed to encounter
their first defeat, and that with an admitted loss of
nearly 1,300 men. The result, however, was by no
means so important as that of the battle of Palestro.
The Austrians were enabled to say that they had
accomplished their object, and they were permitted
to retreat in perfect order, with drums beating and
colours flying. It was not so, however, at Palestro.
Their position was there attacked, and they de-
fended it with all their power. But they were
driven from it, and VICTOR EMMANUEL established
himself in the place they had previously occupied.
They were not satisfied with this trial, but again
assailed it, attempting to regain the position they
had lost. In this, however, they were completely
foiled. The dashing charge with the bayonet by
the Zouaves, and the admirable conduct of the
Piedmontese entirely defeated their hopts, and
they were driven back with the loss of eight
cannon, many killed and wounded, a thousand
prisoners, and four hundred driven into the canal
and drowned. There could be no plausible pretext
put forward to excuse these two decisive defeats.
They must, therefore, be ascribed to the decided
superiority of the Allied soldiers to their oppo-
nents. It will not, therefore, be quite so easy for
the German troops to march onward to Paris, and
capture the metropolis of France, as the Algemeine
Zeitung seems to imagine.
The last battle at Magenta seems to have been
by far the most important of any that has as yet
taken place. If fifteen thousand Austrians have
been killed and wounded, and five thousand taken
prisoners, or, according to a later account, just re-
ceived, twenty thousand killed, and seven thousand
taken prisoners, there must have been a considerable
number, probably not less than a hundred thousand,
engaged on either side. The Austrians had
Altogether evacuated Sardinia. They had retreated
in, to Lombardy, from which they never should have
IlePartod, unless ti Ley had more definitive objects in
view tiun
those NI, hich they attempted to carry into
exe"tibn. There it was expected that they would
make a stubborn re sistance, supported as they were
by the powerful fortresses of Pavia and
Piacenza. The F,:ench, however, followed rapidly
in their rear. Tb cy seem to have taken the enemy
completi !ly by f.urpriscon
the present occasion.
The troops that. were supposed to menace Piacenza
were rapidly Leal across the Po and moved to the
westws ird, so as ;to effect a junction with VICTOR
RAIMA.:§UEL and .the troops under his command.
The ui cited force tI ten fell on the right wing of the
rettee-sting army, ,vhom they drove across the
bridge of Buffalor it and pursued to the village of
Magenta, which r rill henceforth become a house.

holdiword in French ears like that of Marengo
and Austerlitz.
It does not appear whether Loris NAPOLEON
took any personal share in the contest. The tele-
gram is from himself to the Empress, and, of
course, he could not speak of his own ex-
ploits, or boast of his valour at the head
of his 'troops. The details are altogether
wanting. But unless something important had
been achieved such a message would not have
been published, nor would Paris have been so
brilliantly illuminated. A hoax of such a character
would be more injurious to the EMPEROR than
even continued inactivity or an actual defeat.
The accounts from Vienna declare that the com-
bat was undecided, and that a further fight was
expected. We must, however, receive these state-
ments with considerable reserve. Of course every
party is anxious to make the most of a victory,
or to smooth over a defeat ; but the truth eventu-
ally oozes out, and the habit of exaggeration does
got in any degree benefit those who indulge therein.
As Austria may now understand her true
posi L'ion , and as notwithstanding the vauntings of
the A,ugsburg Gazette, she may understand that
neither 13,1 gland nor Germany will interfere to
maintain _her maladministration in Italy, or her
undue interfeNrence with quasi independent Powers,
she may now ra,3:ze the:concessions which she ought
long since to have granted ; and we'earnestly hope
in the hour of victory, will
that LOUIS NA PO..LFMN,
be satisfied with w,liat he required before the com-
mencement of hostilities.

All the hopes of the Libtrals are entirely depen-
dent at this moment, as every- one knows perfectly
well, upon the chance possibillltY of harmony aris•
ing, after all, out of the chaos L' nd discord of the
Opposition. Hence the motley coLvourse assem-
bled together to-day in the fashiondble concert
room of King's-street, St. James's—a oneord of
sweet sounds being there produced for a w:4lile as
strangely and as marvellously as any ever dra-wn
by the magic baton of a conductor from pipes of brass
and tubes of ebony, from the vibration of catgut,
or the resouance of parchment. During one, two,
or three delightful hours the assembly this after-
noon has listened there, delighted, of course, to the
contrasting tones of Whig and Peelite, of Radical
and Liberal-Conservative. It was like playing at
score from the extempore imaginings of several
great masters together upon all varieties of instru-
ments from all varieties of orchestras. Tweedle-
dee and Tweedle-dum had at length joined hands

—all their past differences are to be forgotten, and
in celebration of the reconcilement of their nume-
rous and prolonged differences, there is performed
to-day, appropriately enough, upon the platform
in Willis's Rooms, a grand concerted piece, the
execution of which has been distributed among all
sorts of performers. The preliminary distribution
of the parts possessed somewhat of the effect, it is
true, of one that some of our readers may remember
to have witnessed in a certain wonderful comic
scena, presided over by the greatest of all the great
bassiprofondi—alas! now no more—the late Signor
LABLACHE. Before the commencement of the
overture enter the maestro MSS. in hand—the said
maestro there taking them up in his right hand,
MS. by MS., from the pile held in his left, and
scattering them one by one among the expectant
musicians. Cannot we recognise the comic j
scena here anew—beholding now, in place of the
riant and jovial basso, the gay and humorous
Viscount ; one who quite as dearly loves a joke,
and does the comic business always with such
spontaneoux and inexhaustiu. unction. When
Signor LABLACHE scattered the part. ;Among 7.,Z•
expectant auditory, it was with indications thus,
in broken English, of the manner of their distribu-
tion :—" Violin flute hautboy long-drum
cymbals harp trumpet—long drum ! —double
bass —; serpent —violoncello-- LoNG-DRUM !!—bas-
soon— triangle—trombone clarion et— ophicleide

—LONG-DRUM !! ! Throwing with a sonorous
and lengthened utterance of the last words the whole
of the remaining MS. in a cataract to the mono-
polist performance thus indicated. The analogy is
perfect in the present instance if, among the motley
concourse of those taking part, or aspiring to take
part, in this new concerted piece—Peelites and
Radicals, Liberals and Conservatives, Conservative-
Liberals and Liberal-Conservatives—we read in
place of the all-absorbing LONG-DRUM, the insa-
tiable little, arrogant, domineering party of the
OLD WHIGS, having their head-quarters at
Woburn Abbey, and trolling the sticks variously
in the hands of GREYS, ELLIOTS, WOODS, PETTYS,
FOXES, and RUSSELLS ! Drubbing through gene-
ration after generation to the old, hollow, rub-a-
dub ranpataplan tune of Civil and Religious
Liberty. An Old Party for all the world as like
as two peas to that thundering Old PETER in Mr.
THACKERAY'S " Chronicle of the Drum," who—
" Says he, ' In my life's ninety summers,
Strange chances and changes I've seen,
So here's to all gentlemen drummers
That ever have thumped on a skin.' "
True, in the self-glorification of the toast to the
monotonous iteration of that aphorism of the Old
Whig Party, " nothing like leather"—nothing like
your true GREYS, ELLIOTS, and RUSSELLS. Faith-
ful to that tedious repetition of the old tough fare
—the toujours perdrix of the VIPONTS, served up
under their auspices at the Cabinet Council board :
at the sight of which perpetual dainty there chimes
back upon the memory the familiar wonderment of
childhood—
"Oh, wasn't that a dainty dish to set before a King I"
But the Old Party has been at it again this after-
noon—Long Drum greedily waited his lion's share
in the distribution of the parts in WILLIS'S Con-
cert Room—the gay and vivacious maestro having
to satisfy the cravings of the hungry monopolist—
to give the monster this and that, and the whole

of the rest! A word, however, before parting to
the prototype of Mr. TIIACKERAY'S
." PETER, the
Drummer"—a quatrain from the Chronicle of

the latter, which the former may perhaps derive
some solace from on the result- of the coming

division :
"Cheer up ! 'tis no use to be glum, boys
'Tis written since fighting begun,
That sometimes we fight and we conquer,
And sometimes we fight and we run."

The present Parliament has received a
smaller number of apprentices than any of
the three preceding ones. The new mem-
bers—we mean those who have never been in
Parliament before—are only ninety-one, which is
from sixty to eights- fewer than in '47, '52, and '57.
Indeed, the change altogether has been much less
than usual. A neat little table (p. 54 in
Vacher's Parliamentary Companion) indicates
precisely what the change is ; it results that in
this Parliament no fewer than five hundred and
eleven members resume their old seats ! In 1857
only 452 did so ; and in the two preceding elections
fewer still. Besides, thirteen members have
merely changed places ; and forty have been re-
turned who have sat in pzevious Parliaments. For
twelve years, therefore, we have not had so few
changes at a general election ; the country has
taken Lord DERBY'S dissolution much more good-
temperedly than the Honourable 'Members them-
selves did; and undeniably, and as a matter
of hard fact, it has given him, by fifty-two votes
on a division, a better position than before.

Whether we thoroughgoing reformers like it or
not, we must take facts as we find them, and deal

with them as we best can.

What connection has the undeniably unfair dis-
xibution of seats among boroughs with these

results of the election ? Perhaps, at first glance,
an unreflecting Liberal would say, It has every thing '
to do with it. And, but for a little study, again,
of the hard facts of the case we should have said so
too. There are plenty of illustrations of the
inequalities on which both Mr. BRIGHT'S Reform
Bill and that of the Times were both founded. To
refer again to the admirable summaries of
" Vacher's Parliamentary Companion," the last
calculation of the kind we happen to have looked
at, the disproportion appears, politically, frightful.
Taking the United Kingdom (p. 23)—
One-third of the borough members are returned
by a population amounting to 7,326,427.
One-third by a population of but 1,521,968
And One-third by the almost ludicrous com-
parative number of 597,215 !
. .

It thus takes four-fifths of the population to
return but one-third of the members ; another
third of the members is returned, actually by one-
sixteenth of the population ! Indeed the modes of
exhibiting the absurdity of things as they are
seem endless. The large boroughs, containing a
third of the population, return but twenty mem-
bers! Another third of the population, contained
in the intermediate class of boroughs, return sixty-
six members ; but the favoured third, con•
tained in 206 small boroughs —on these
the dews of representative blessing, and
the blessings of representative power fall
I bountifully indeed ; they are the very Goshen
of constitutional good things—happy they who
belong to the third of population contained in the
206 smaller boroughs—they return TIIREE HUN-
DRED AND NINE members. Why, Lord DERBY
might change his " compact 302" for them, and
gain almost three per cent. by his bargain ! But
we must refer the reader to " Vacher," who, be it
observed, is no party man, and merely furnishes us
4vith dry, hard calculations, which we ourselves are
always but too thankful to use rather than have to
make them ourselves.
It occurred to us, however, to ask, how would
the " revolutionary" proposals of Mr. BRIGHT, and
the nearly equal revolutionary proposals of the
Times, affect the interests of the Liberal party ?
Of course we, like every one else, care little about
party ; like all upright Englishmen, we are
sublimely above such considerations ; Estill, as a
matter of curiosity, we asked ourselves the ques-
tion, What votes will the Liberals gain by a Bir-
mingham revolution ? We thought as fair a test
as any other would be to ascertain what would be
the result of disfranchising all constituencies with
fewer than fire hundred electors ; and, as the elec-
tion of 1857 was one in which the question of
Reform hardly came fol.-ward, we took a list of that
year. Now, it turned out that boroughs of this
class sent forty-seven Liberals to Parliament, and
only thirty-six Conservatives. They are not all
gain to Toryism, therefore ; indeed, not even a
majority of them ; and it is hardly likely that, by
any of the proposed remodellings, the whole of the
Conservatives now returned by small boroughs
would be cast out of Parliament as evil spirits.
Hull returns one Conservative, so does Bath; Nor-
wich was not far from sending two; Bradford
had to fight hard ; and at Leeds it is one to one.
Then, again, we look at the changes in the
election just concluded. Only six of the boroughs
in which Conservatives have gained, giving them
eight seats, have fewer than 500 electors, and from
condemned
tins be deducted two 4-1...)
boroughs in which the Whigs have gained seats.
SIX SEATS is, therefore, the total difference for which
the smallness of boroughs is answerable in respect
to the untoward changes for the Liberal side at this
election. To be sure, thirty more Liberal seats
would be worth having to the Liberal party, but
something much more "revolutionary" is generally
expected from a redistribution of seats.
The truth is, the emancipation of the counties is
a much more serious question for the real Liberal
party than even the redistribution of seats. It is
the counties in which the Liberals are outnumbered,
on any showing, by more than two to one. It is to
them, therefore, that the Liberals
,should direct
their attention. They are now bound hand and foot
to their Conservative landlords, and they want
merely the protection of secret or independent
voting to become again, what they once were, the
stronghold of liberalism. The ballot, for the coun-
ties especially, is of even more importance to the
Liberal party, as a party, than the readjustment of
borough seats.
We need hardly add, however, that our persistent
advocacy of this greatest of representative reforms
is not from merely party views. If we thought it
would give strength to the Conservatives, we should
support it with equal earnestness. To thousands
it would be a second Magna Charta ; and, by indeed
a reverse process, it would be the writ of habeas
corpus in favour of the voter now held in the
absolute and unjust custody of his landlord. It
would strike off the fetters of his landlord's know-
ledge of his vote. It would make lifin really a free
and independent elector.

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