The Sun.
London, England, 1859-08-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1859.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

EGHAM RACES-WEDNESDAY.

The Baron Stakes (Handicap) of 5 sovs each, with 50 added,
for two-yr-olds. Winners extra. The second to save his
stake. T.Y.C.
Mr. J. Rigby's Rosalie filly, 7st 21b (Fordham) 1
Mr. C. Alexander's Watersprite, 7st 101 b ....(L Snowden) .2
Mr. E. Hall's Volga, 6st 13th (Custance) 3
The following also ran :—Chirp, Nestor, Weatherbound,
Pauline filly, Hand-over-Hand, Circassia, Simple Simon, and
Lady Bird.
Betting-3 to 1 agst the Rosalie filly, 4to 1 agst Volga, 5
to 1 agst Watersprite, 6 to 1 agst Circassia, 8 to 1 agst Hand-
over-Hand.

Won by three quarters of a length ; a length between the
second and third ; Lady Bird was fourth ; the Pauline filly
fifth; and Band-over-Hand sixth. Simple Simon jumped
round at starting, and was left at the post.
The Queen's Plate of 100 guiners ; three-yr-olds, Bst 21b ;
four, 9st 51b ; five, 9st 111 b ; six and aged, 10st. Two miles
and a distance.

Mr. Lowe's Wild Rose, 3 yrs, Bst 21b (L. Snowden) 1
Duke of Bedford's Killigrew, 4 yrs, 9st 51b (Flatman) 2
Mr, Rigby's Borderer, 5 yrs, 9st 51b (Fordham) 3
Leukothea and Nimrod also ran.
Betting-7 to 4 agst Wild Rose, 2to 1 agst Killigrew, 3to 1

agst Nimrod, 4 to 1 agst Borderer.
Wild Rose quitted Killigrew at the distance, and won by
ten lengths ; Borderer walked in third ; the other two,
beaten off, trotted in together.

The Town Plate of 56 sous ( handicap). Straight half mile.
Mr. C. Wyndham's Glenmasson, 5 yrs, Bst 61b (Fordham) 0 1
Count Batthyany's Olympus, 6 yrs, lOst 41b (Wells) 0 2
Mr, T. Stevens's Chantress, 4 yrs, Bst 101 b (Plumb) 3
The following also ran :—Physician, Margery Daw, The
Unknown, Carlotta, Alboni colt, Simla, Pauline colt, Strata-
gem, Calista filly, Lady Bird, Madrigal, and Phoebe May-
flower.

Betting-4 to 1 agst Chantress, 6to 1 agst Olympus, 7to 1
each agst The Alboni colt, Glenmasson, Stratagem, and
Phoebe Mayflower, 8 to 1 agst Madrigal, 10 to 1 agst Carlotta.
Fhcebe Mayflower broke away before starting, and unseated
her jockey.
A dead heat wii h Glenmasson and Olympus ; Chantress
was beaten about two lengths ; the Pauline filly was fourth
Lady Bird fifth ; and Carlotta sixth.
Deciding. Heat—Even betting. Glenmasson having the
call. A magnificent race in ended in favour of Glenmasson
by a head.

The Egham Stakes of 5 soya each, with 30 added, for three-
yr-olds and upwards ; optional selling weights, &c. One
mile. _ _

Mr. Mellish's Julie, 3 yrs, £2OO, 6stl3lb (Bray) 1
Mr. Langland's Creeping Jane, 3 yrs, £BO, 6st 21b
(Dickinson) 2
(Plumb) 3

Mr. Towsey's Volatore, 4 yrs, £BO, Bst
The Present also ran.
Betting-2 to lon Julie, 3to 1 agst Volatore
Mr. Mellish declared to win with Julie, who won by a length
and a half; a head between the second and third; same dis-
tance between the third and fourth.
Tne winner was not sold.
The Magna Charta Stakes, of 5 Bove each, with 30 added, for
two-yr-olds and upwards. Allowances and penalties. The
winner to be sold for £2OO if demanded, &c. T.Y.C.
Mr. E. Hall's Volga, 2 yrs, £lOO, Est 91b (Custance) 1
Capt. Archdall's Niger, 2 yrs, £lOO, Gst 91b (Bray) 2
Mr. Rigby's Doe filly, 3 yrs, £lOO, Bst 111 b (Fordham) 3
Betting—Even o Volga, 6to 5 agst the Doe filly.
Won by a length nd a half; bad third.
The Cooper's Hill Plate of 50 sovs, for three-yr-olds and up-
wards. The winner to be sold for £l5O, &c. If not for sale
141 b extra. One mile and a quarter.
Mr. Lowe's Wild Rose, not to be sold, 3 yrs, Bst 41b
(L, Snowden) 1
Mr. Langland's Creeping Jane, 3 yrs, £l5O, 7st 41b (Searle) 2
Mr. T. Ward's Fly-by-Day, 4 yrs, £l5O, Bst 81b .. (Collins) 3
Halliford, Babylon, and The Unknown also ran.
Betting-6 to lon Wild Rose, who came right away at the
distance, and won by ten lengths ; the others pulling up.

punity might seem at length to be solved, Butuit
is not so. The crews of these floating batteries,
like many a cavalier in the olden time, would be in
danger of suffocation from their own armour. The
heat and smoke of a protracted cannonade might
stifle them at their posts, and the open air, with all
its perils, would be safer than the reeking dungeon
below. Last of all comes the gunboat—that latest
and, as it is sometimes thought, most successful
type of a man of war—presenting in itself no
mark to an enemy's shot, and yet launching bullets
of tremendous magnitude from its single cannon.
Alas for the speculations of mortals ! The gun
is admirable, the shot most destructive ; but,
besides that the scant capacity of the vessel tells
strongly against its convenience, it is found that
the thing has been overdone. So small is the
boat, and so large the weapon, that the one can-
not carry the other ; and when the Condon, an
excellent specimen of the class, returned from the
Adriatic she was fain to unship her gun and re-
move the iron plates from her bows—a combatant
without either sword or shield.
Here, then, is a mirror for our machinists. All
these vessels we, like the French, have either built
or are building. We have our floating batteries and
our gunboats, and are anxiously looking out for our
iron-cased frigates. Shall we fare any better ? And,
if we do not, what is the reflection suggested by all
this outlay of money and consumption of skill ? Mr.
Cobden could hardly find a text more suitable to
his doctrine than our long returns of labour wasted
and experiments lost. Of the two, the French have
the advantage. They have produced more than we
have for their money, but what might not be done
in works of peace if all these funds had been dis-
bursed in that direction ? Dockyards and barracks,
after all, are but outlays on insurance, to make the
best of them,and no man boasts ,of the expense
which his " doubly hazardous" situation compels
him to incur. Both countries wish' naturally to be
safe ; both countries as naturally wish to be pow-
erful, but the race of emulation is costly, and the
lost labour occasionally deplorable to witness. For
ourselves, it is doubtful enough whether, after all
our commissions, we have got to the end of our
novitiate. The only things that seem to grow for
certain are the estimates. We know that we spend
more and more, but whether we get nearer to the
object in view is far from being as clear. In a few
weeks Mr. Gladstone's collectors will call for their
£4,000,000 extraordinary, all in a lump, after which,
according to that eminent authority, things will
either grow worse or better. We sincerely trust
that the latter alternative—already become pro-
bable—may completely and speedily be realised.

THE COLONISATION AND SETTLE-
MENT OF

The Report of the Select Committee on this sub-
ject is before the public. It was issued yesterday,
and the report proper fills I space of 15 pages. This
amounts to little more than a resume of the opinions
of the witnesses examined. These generally state,
that " wherever Europeans have settled a marked
improvement in the country has followed," and the
various products of the land have been developed.
Another good effect of settlement is its tendency to
promote the maintenance of order. A large exten-
sion of the number of settlers over India would be
a considerable guarantee against any future insur-
rection, and tend to lessen the necessity for main-
taining an expensive army. The dangerous effects
of the climate of India have been (it is said) greatly
exaggerated. The planters from Bengal arc a
" healthy and hardy race of men." Such as ap-
peared before the committee looked like bluff
British farmers rather than transmarine cultivators
in quasi-tropical latitudes. The hill districts of
India appear peculiarly fitted for the reception of
English settlers.

SO far as the committee have inquired climates
favourable to European health may be found at a
due elevation on the Himalayas, cn the Neilgher-
ries, and on other hill ranges yet incompletely
explored, especially in the south of India. At about
4,000 feet above the sea level the Himalayas offer
an European climate. On the eastward portion,
indeed, of that extensive range the prevalence of
rain may be frequently a serious objection, though
not so formidable as is generally supposed. Fur-
ther to the westward the rainfall sensibly dimi-
nishes. It has been suggested that asylums
like those originated by the lamented Sir Henry
Lawrence, might be advantageously formed on the
hills, where, in a climate like that of our own coun-
try, the children of soldiers and of other persons
might be trained with a special view to the practi-
cal improvement of India and to the acquisition of
a knowledge of the people and the country. Me-
chanics and practical agriculturists are greatly
wanted in India. The planters state that young
men acquainted with the native languages are much
required for their establishments. Thus educated,
they might also be employed, as commercial travel-
lers are in this country, for extending the commerce
and manufactures of Great Britain and of Europe in
the East. Few objects of contemplation can be more
interesting than the formation and progress of these
establishments on the hills. The rapid rise of the
settlement at Darjeeling, in Sikkim, about 300 miles
north of Calcutta, is described in the interesting
evidence of Dr. Hooker. It appears that the popu-
lation (4,000 or 5,000 in 1848) doubled itself in the
course of two years. The natives of Bhotan, Thibet,
and Nepaul flocked to be employed by the Euro-
peans. Other favourable evidence is not wanting.
The coffee grown on the slopes of the Neilgherries
is stated by Colonel Onslow to be the best in the
London market, and the resources of Mysore are not
generally known. "Of all countries," says Col.
Onslow, " it is the most favourable for settlement."
Another favourable position fir settlers exists in or
near the tea-growing countries of Assam and Cachar,
where the climate is a "delightful and beautiful one"
(on the Cossya hills, 5,000 ft. in height). One want
in the hill regions is that of good roads, and it would
seem to be important that settlers, zemindars, and
natives should be led to interest themselves in the
state of these communications from place to place.
The committee regret to find transit duties retained
in some of the native states. Works of irrigation,
so necessary, should be combined with navigable
canals, water being in India the most suitable me-
dium of traffic. As regards the produce of the soil,
it is shown that there are great openings to settlers
in the cultivation of cotton, wheat, tea, hemp,
flax, coal, and iron. Wheat may be grown more
cheaply in India than in America, according
to Dr. Moore and General Tremenheere, and the
Punjab is often "one vast expanse of corn." The
same may, perhaps, be the case hereafter with re-
spect to cotton. There is reason to hope that the
tea of the Himalayas will beat the Chinese out of
the markets of Central Asla. The witnesses think

the English in India may drive a good trade with
Central Asia. It is gratifying to find that the
Messrs. Schlagintweit (recent travellers in Central
Asia) confirm the remark of Moorcroft, that " it is
at our option whether Central Asia shall be supplied
with goods from Russia or from Englasd." Mr.
Atkinson considers that our cottons and our hard-
ware would claim a preference over those of other
countries. Our broadcloths appear to have been
once a successful article of trade, and to be still
highly valued in Thibet. For such a climate our
woollens would seem to be particularly suitable.
But from Thibet we are excluded by the Chinese.
It were to be desired that this and other parts of
Central Asia where Chinese authority prevails
should be opened by a commercial treaty. The
articles of interchange with these Trans-Himalayan
countries are mentioned in the evidence of Dr.
Hooker. " Immense quantities of wool," says Sir
J. Lawrence, " come from the conterminous coun-
tries, Affghanistan and Beloochistan, into the
Punjab, and I suppose it is tenfold what
it used to be." It appears that there is a
great abundance of gold in Thibet. All these Cen-
tral Asiatic nations are now supplied with tea,
which they most extensively use, well known under
the n,ame of " brick tea," from China. Their dis-
tance from that country is immense. As the culti-
vation of the tea plant extends along the line of the
Himalayas, we may justly entertain the hope that
it may at some future time successfully compete
with the tea of China in the markets of Central
Asia.
Kurrachee, Umritsir, and Shikarpore (especially
the first), offer great inducements to British capital
and enterprise. The committee report that a well-
conducted and efficient body of police is much
wanted iu Bengal. They urge the necessity of in-
troducing uniformity in the administration of jus-
tice by framing a code to embrace the civil rights
of men of all races and creeds,under the same rules,
with duo reservation of their customs and respect
to their religions. A legal title to land should be
attainable by a scheme of registration. An uniform
law of contract is deemed very desirable for the
protection of settlers. The present settlers enter-
tain a strong opinion in favour of the use of the
English language in courts of law ; and on the
authority of many witnesses judicial training is
wanting in the body of civilians.
The greatest horror is felt by settlers at the idea
of extending the power of natives to try Europeans
iu criminal cases, and the " Black Act," so called,
has caused great alarm. The Affray and Recog-

nizanee Bills are also a bar to free settlement. In

civil cases the native judges appear to be unobjec-
tionable. The resumption of free lands by the Go-
vernment of India is condemned, as tending to
shake the very foundations of property.
During the investigations of the committee the
Government appears to have partly, if not entirely,
conceded two points of great interest to British set-
lers—the right to acquire land in fee simple, and the
power of redeeming the land-tax in Bengal. "If (say
the witnesses) you will grant Europeans waste land
in perpetuity in India, India will prosper, like Java
and Ceylon." There are, no doubt, many parts of In-
dia (described or alluded to in the evidence) where
waste lands in habitable and healthy situations could
be thus granted by the Government; as in Assam,
the neighbourhood of the Neilgherries, Kumaon,
Gurwhal, and other districts. Some of the civil
servants of the Government, as well as settlers, are
favourable to such a policy. It has been suggested
that it might also be expedient to allow to pur-
chasers of the fee simple of land the power of pay-
ing their purchase money by instalments. For a
similar reason the committee have, from the first,
looked favourably on the concession of a power of
redeeming the land-tax ;in favour of this conces-
sion (which applies especially to Bengal) there are
many witnesses.
There is one very important point on which the
witnesses appear to concur ; that is, the introduc-
tion of non-official Europeans and natives into the
Legislative Council of India. The example of Cey-
lon is quoted to show the good effects of this reform.
It is stated that one of the defects of the Legislative
Council is a want of local knowledge. Such know-
ledge the reform suggested would supply. .
It appears to the committee that there is want-
ing in India less of central andmore of local govern-
ment. It is stated by Major Wingate, that " the
administration in Bombay is paralyzed by the cen-
tralization of supreme authority in Bengal." Roads
may be wanted in Bombay, but the want of roads
in 13ombay- cannot be equally appreciated in Ben-
gal. On the other hand, it is stated that to the
officers of the other Presidencies Bengal itself is
" nothing less than a foreign country."
The system of " forced labour" under the coercive
power
of Government, as prevalent in many parts
of India, is condemned as objectionable and injuri-
ous. A convertible paper currency, or " Govern-
ment paper," is much demanded. Just before the
rebellion it was the practice to convey a lac of
rupees guarded by 100 soldiers. The report thus
Concludes :
" Your committee welcome with satisfaction the
account given by many witnesses of the improved
state of feeling between the settlers and the natives.
It is clear that, for governing a country like India,
important as may be laws and institutions, much
must also depend on the silent but certain influence
of manners. It is painful to read the following
statement, made by a most competent witness—that
the natives have not been so kindly treated by
Europeans as they ought to have been. I know
that they feel it deeply. When they are treated
with respect, and honestly dealt with, Europeans
may acquire great influence over them.' It is also
painful to find it averred that drunkenness is a
great obstacle to the settlement of Europeans of the
poorer class in India. Let those who unexcep-
tionally condemn the native character reflect that
it is the growth of ages of misgovernment, and that
there are many instances of the just and temperate
European winni•ig the confidence and attachment
of the natives. An instance of the great ascen-
dancy which good conduct and good management
may acquire is to be seen in the success of Mr.
Fischer, whose influence is stated to be widely and
beneficially felt in the province of Salem. It is
mentioned by Mr. Saunders, that during the recent
mutiny the respectable natives protected his pro-
perty during his absence: that the neighbouring
zemindars worked his plantations and restored to
him the profits after the mutiny was over. While,
therefore, your committee have felt anxious to
embody in their report such general and practical
information as relates to European settlement in.
India, they desire to express their hopes that indi-
vidual co-operation may not be wanting to promote
it. Every Englishman should go to India with a
deep sense of his responsibility, not only to those
whom he is about to govern or among whom he is
about to reside, but to his own country, whose
character for firmness, justice, and forbearance he
is bound constantly, zealously, and by personal
example, to maintain."

THE BUILDERS' STRIKE.