The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-13 00:00:00

BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.

GRAVESEND, Monday Morning.
Arrived, Aug. 13.--Ville de Lisbonne, steamer, from
Honfleur.

Sailed, Aug. 13—Love Bird, for Port Alfred.
DEAL, Monday Morning.
Passed, Aug. 13—Thames and Zetland, from London
for Quebec.

MR. EDMUND YATES'S new novel in the pages of
All the Year Round will be called "Black Sheep."

Mr. Thos. Hughes, ➢I.P., with Mrs. Hughes and
family, left Dover for the Continent on Friday.
The Earl and Countess of Durham left town on
Friday last for Lambton Castle, Duzham.
Mn. PEABODY AGAIN I—Further acts of munifi-
cence on the part of the Anglo-American banker,
George Peabody, reach us from across the Atlantic, where
Mr. Peabody is at present staying with his relatives. It
is said that a further sum of $150,000 will be bestowed
upon Harvard, Amhurst, and William's Colleges, of Mas-
sachusetts, and the sum of $1,000,000 will be given to the
corporation of Boston for homes for the poor—similar to
the magnificent endowment made by Mr. Peabody in fa-
your of the poorer classes cf London.

THE NUMBER OF THE BEAST.—Lord Macaulay
used to tell a story of being bored about the Number of
the Beast" when ho was in India. Ho arrived late at a
clergyman's bungalow up the country, and was much
fatigued. After supper, fancy his dismay when his host
said, "Mr. Macaulay, I positively cannot let you retire till
you state your opinion as to the Number of the Beast." I
answered on the spot, "I have no doubt as to what was
foreshadowed by that mystical number—the British House
of Commons ! The numbers. elected— 658 —the three
clerks at the table, the sergeant-at-arms, and the deputy-
sergeant, the librarian, and the two doorkeepers, making
666," and I rushed to my couch.
OPENING OF THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD
TO MARSHALL, TEXAS—NEW ORLEANS, July 25.—The
Southern Pacific Railway is open to Marshall, Texas, and
arrangements are making to continue it. The old Ber-
wick's Bay route to Galveston will be opened on the Ist
of August, with three steamers of a week. The time of
travel will be lessened six to ten hours. The work on the
broken levees commences on the Ist of September. Cotton
easier ; sales of 381 bales. Receipts to-day 102 bales. New
York exchange discount to par. Gold 1481.
SAD OCCURRENCE.—Between 1 and 2 o'clock
yesterday morning Sir Gilbert East lost his life near
the pier at Ryde in a manner which has not yet been satis-
factorily explained. He has been in the habit for many
years of spending the yachting season at Ryde, and this
year his fine schooner yacht the Lalla Rookh has been out
daily during the regattas on the Solent. She was at her
moorings, about 400 yards from the pier head, on Satur-
day afternoon, when Sir Gilbert, accompanied by a female
companion, came ashore in his own cutter and spent the
evening in Ryde. Between 1 and 2 o'clock this morning
he passed through the toll-gates with the same person, as
the piormen supposed, to go on board his yacht. It was
high water, and raining heavily at the time, and before
they could have got half way down the pier the attention
of the few persons at the gate-house at that hour was
excited by the piercing shrieks of a woman. Capt. Craske,
one of the oldest officers of the Royal Mail Isle of Wight
steamboat service, happened to be at the toll-house in the
performance of his duty at the time, and Cousins, the pier
watchman, and others ran in the direction from which
the cries proceeded. On reaching the roundhouse
they found a lady in a state of great excite-
ment, and a voice from the water was distinctly
heard crying out, "Savo me ! Oh ! save a drowning
man ! I'm all right !" Adams, one of the crew of Mr.
Hudson's yacht the Caroline, who was among the few pre-
sent, ran to his cutter alongside the slip about 250 yards
distant, but before he and his mates could get back to the
spot whence the cries came all traces of any person in the
water were lost. The search was continued for several
hours, but without avail, and although the spot has been
dry twice Since the morning the body has not yet been re-
covered. Sfr Gilbert's companion returned to the toll-
house, and subsequently went off in the cutter of the
Lalla Rookh, the crew of which had been awaiting the
arrival of their owner at the pier gates, but on seeing him
approach had hastened off to the pier head, where their
boat was moored, and where they had been out of hearing
of the alarm excited by the sad event. It is said that Sir
Gilbert was an excellent swimmer, so that the circumstances
of his death appears the more extraordinqry.
Iyaxi
The negotiations between the Emper
milian and the Government of the
Uhse negotia-
tions
have in view the Government of
ne
i te
d or
States,
are assuming a substantial form. T
the withdrawal of the French troops, and x h
party to the arrangement. It
is proposed that 31afx
i a3reticoea Efmter-
peror Napoleon is a
should abandon the
s
onora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua,
Northern Provinces o
never really extended, and
confine his domini
iNtyuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas,
ous within an area which he can
keep within control.
By handing over to the
United States these seven Provinces he will be able
to Durango,
which
hCsoahtuthlaor,
to keep a tolerably firm hold of the southern half
of
frie3nldsexhi
iepo,
ofa nad
rahetwioonulbdytu whhsosseecsuurffe
ertahneceaid and
alone
his Government can stand.
establishing
statei
authority
The Emperor Maxi-
available to the civilised world this Empire, then in
even with the aid of France, he is not likely' to
ugAshouhtehih:sdofmiailneido'nins
succeed when France withdraws. By strong go-
vernment and colonisation the United States will
render these Provinces a useful acquisition, thereby
Mexicoar
intyartehhyot: control and render
ful fillin g towards them the duty Maximilian has failed
in. `„By the aid of the Union Maximilian will pro-
bably succeed in firmly establishing a good govern-
ment in the Southern Provinces, and thus the end
contemplated will be fulfilled. It is probable that
the United States will assume the responsibility
with the acquired territory
of half
debt, a proposition which will be hailed
the bond-holders. The United States, however,
with Mexican
joy
by
demur to that portion of the debt contracted by
l the
Maximilian, which it holds to have been contracted
for the Emperor's personal benefit. Compromise
is said not to be out of the question, and the whole
arrangement appears to us to offer the best Solutim
Problem.
of a difficult and dangerous

TUE AUSTRIAN ARMY.

(From the Times Special Correspondent.)
TYROL, Aug. 7.

I have already mentioned the object of my visit to
Verona, but was obliged to suspend the account of
my visit to the battle-field of Custozza for another
opportunity. Early on the morning after our arrival
at Verona we started for the battle-field, which is
some nine miles outside the city, in the direction of
Solferino. Outside the city, on the road of Somma
Campagna, we drove at a good pace through the
rich but most dreary expanse of Indian corn and
mulberry trees. The parade ground beyond the moat
was, for a wonder, free of parades, and the dense
columns of men just visible in the gloaming last
night as they wheeled and marched about near the
station, scattered into thousands of units, were
preparing for a quiet parade or two before the
heat of the sun drove them under cover. Then
came the forts—grey or black or white—with ram-
parts just topping the summits of the mulberry
trees, each in its own plot of cleared ground, with
trees cut down to the proper height. None of the
forts are very large. There are no long curtains to
be attacked. Many of them look as if they were
counter sunk, so that the embrasures are very low,
others stand high and have a good command. All
have, I am told, deep scarp and counter scarps to the
moat, which is generally very broad also, and well
swept by low flanking fire. It would be difficult to
reach the faces of the works below the level of the '
glacis, but the parapets and embrasures are, of course,
exposed to artillery fire, and some of the redoubts
look like shell traps. There must be some people to
gather the mulberry leaves and the Indian corn, but
they were in the distant villages probably, as those
near the lines of forts were not much occupied, and
there were not half a dozen men, women, or children
on the road in the first three miles of the drive. At
about 40 miles out from Verona there was a soli-
tary soldier on guard under a tree near a dilapidated
farmhouse by the roadside, and some 10 or 12
men were stretched on straw in the shade by their
piled arms. This was the Austrian outpost. Beyond
was neutral ground, but where the Italian posts lay
no one could or would inform me. The driver pulled
up, and the sergeant of the guard with one of the
soldiers came forward to examine our passport. I
doubt very much if the worthy Croat quite under-
stood that Col. Baker, of the 10th Hussars, of the
English army, Lieut. Russell, of the same regiment,
and a third person mentioned in the document sub-
mitted to him were permitted to proceed from Trent
to Verona within the Austrian lines, or that he was
particularly familiar with the signature of Gen. Kuhn
or Gen. Jacobs, for he examined it very much as an
antiquary would investigate a new sort of Celt, and at
last drawing out a pocketbook, and taking from it a
very much worn out card, inquired if we had any of
these. The mention of Gen. Jacobs's name did not so
much improve our position as might have been ex-
pected, but at last his attention was called to the large
wafer stamped with a seal on which a double-headed
eagle might be constructed with a little aid from
the imagination, and the sergeant gave a gruff
vorwarts" to the vettFino, and shaking his head
as one who knows he is doing wrong, but can't help
it, looked wistfully after the vehicle with its three
mysterious strangers, boldly advancing towards the
Piedmontese lines with leave and licence of his betters.
As we journeyed onwards the churches and houses
of the Somma Campagna on a gentle rising ground
came in sight above the mulberries, and the hil-
locky undulations which indicate the lapse of an
Alpine ridge into a plain gathered in our front and
shut out the low grounds towards Mantua. The heat
and the silence were oppressive. Birds there were
none to sing or chirp—not even a solitary sparrow
protested against our passage though this village,
and the crack of the vetturino's whip and the rustle
of a lizard among the dry leaves were quite sensa-
tions till we came to the outlying houses of Somma
Campagna, and saw some villagers marching to
church. Here there were traces of the fight of the
24th of June, or of Austrian preparations to meet
another attack, for the walls and houses were loop-
holed, though not up to the mark of General Kuhn's
operations in that way. Somma, Campagna, which
is so familiar to us all by name, is a large village on
on the top of a very moderate elevation, and is tho-
roughly unlike the ideal one would form out of its
name—a poor, broken-hearted, ruinous-looking
aggregation of big, tumble-down, and yet solidly-
built houses, overhanging tortuous streets, and melt-
ing away into hovels and sheds,amid vines,mulberries,
and maize. In a few minutes we came out on a sloping
ridge, across which the road gently ascended towards
a small edition of Somma Campagna, and the traces
of the fight, now so many weeks old, grew and
multiplied, for the farmhouses were torn and wrecked
with shot, the trees were split and shattered, and the
loopholed walls and the hedges by the roadside were
still bordered by cartridge paper, pieces of leather,
torn cloth, here and there a knapsack or battered
shako, letters, and odds and ends left by men in
battle. As we crept in the grilling heat up the hill, a
bright-eyed, intelligent lad came out of the shadow
of a house, and, in reply to a question as to the scene
of the fight, told us he knew all about it, having
been on the spot throughout the day. To be sure,
be admitted afterwards that he spent his time in a
drain or a cave in his father's house ; but as he came
out and saw the field when the Italians retreated,
and knew the country well, perhaps he was as good
a guide as we could get. So, putting the horses in
the shade, we proceeded to go over the scene of the
fight which has done so much to aggravate the bit-
terness of the Austro-Italian quarrel. When the
battle was fought I was in Vienna, on my way td
the head-quarters of the Feldzeugmeister Benedek,
and I never read any account of it. My com-
panions were equally ignorant of the details, and
we, therefore, proceeded to construct a theory of
the tactics of the day out of our internal conscious-
ness, assisted by local evidence and such aids as
trampled fields, heaps of burnt cartridges, graves,
and battered houses and wounded trees could render.
It was an interesting, but a very hot and exhausting
ramble. From the highest part of the village of Cus-
tozza a widespread plain, is visible on the left and in
face, which is full of remarkable places. This plain
is green with maize and the inevitable mulberry,
and villages and churches stand out on it;
surface like islands and rocky pinacles from
a sea. Then, somewhat on our left as we
look towards Mantua, the domes and spires
of which are plainly perceptible, are the towers of
Villafranca ; to the right of Mantua is the tower of
Solferino ; behind us, hid in a dip of the ground
which rises from the blue sky-like strip of the Lago
di Garda, is Peschiera. - As we look a few villagers
come forth from their houses and talk of the battle.
Some tell one story, some another ; but they all
admit they were in a great fright, and that they
hid in the depths of their cellars and in abstruse cor-
ners during the fight, though they all clung to their
houses, where one or two were smashed by falling
shells and ruins, or were mutilated by cannon shot.
Now the sum of their stories was this. The Italians
crossed the Mincio in three columns, of which one
advanced straight on the rear of Custozza, by way of
Santa Lucia, the small hamlet with a church on our
right down there in the hollow. This column crossed
below Peschiera, the other two columns comic:
g
from the direction of Goito and Valleggio, which
we see very plainly
marched in parallel lines—the
one in the centre towards Villafranca, the other on
the right by way of Ilozzeca
Their object was to
cut in on the railroads betweena(lne Mantua and Verona,
n
and between Peschiera Verona, and by destroy-
ing them to isolate the garrisons; and they probably
expected to find the Austrians in line of battle to
cover the ground parallel with the line between
Peschiera and Verona. The Austrians were in Cus-
tozza the night before the battle, but they retired
to some elevated hillocks, covered with vines, which
extend from Guastalla behind Custozza to the ridge
in rear of the village as the Italian army advanced,
and formed with their right towards Peschiera,
their centre on some hillocks close to Custozza, and
notably one called Monte Croce, while their left
_was in front of Somma Campagna, where the re-
serves were posted, Villafranca being also strongly
held and fiercely disputed throughout the day. The
action commenced about 8 a.m., when the Aus-
trian guns opened on the rear and flank of the
centre column, and' ceased' at 6 o'clock at night;

when the Italians, after some signal successes,
were driven from Custozza and Monte Croce by
an advance of the Austrian left and centre, and fled
in immense disorder. So say their peasants. " They
threw away their arms, their coats, their pantaloons,
even their shoes said one of our guides. ".Yes, and
I am wearing a pair of their breeches and shoes,"
added the lad. They lost immense quantities of
material, and if the Austrians had pressed them
would have lost still more ; but that the latter had
had quite enough of the day's work was evident, for
they threw up batteries at Custozza, Monte Croce,
and other points of the line and covered their front
with abattis. The centre column, as soon as the
enemy were made known to them so disagreeably,-
formed in line of battle, while the right column at-
tacked Villafranca. The centre advanced straight
upon Custozza, and, after a fierce encounter, carried
it and Monte Croce, while the right was engaged with
the Austrian left and centre towardS Villafranca.
But the column on the left seems to have been easily
checked at Santa Lucia by the Austrian right, and
to have done nothing to help the battle. It may
have been hampered by the fear of a flank move-
ment from Peschiera if it advanced too far, and, in
fact, the garrison did make a formidable diversion ;
but, looking at the ground, it appears very plain
that if the right column had forced its way to Gua-
stalla at the time the centre reached Custozza and
Monte Croce the Austrians must have been forced
to retire from Villafranca in imminent danger of
being decimated before they could reach the cover
of the works outside Verona, and that they would
have lost a battle and their communications at the
same time. The Archduke Albrecht fought with that
tenacity and persistence which so often restore the
fortunes of a battle and convert disaster into vic-
tory. From the hills behind Custozza, he swept
Monte Croce with his artillery, held the column on
his right in check at Santa Lucia, and maintained a
resolute combat all day at Villafranca. In the
villages near at hand there was desperate fighting,
and in the courtyard of a house near us " I saw,"
said the lad, " where an Austrian and an Italian
lie dead together with their bayonets sticking
through each other's bellies." All the villagers tes-
tified to the bayonet charges and the effects of them,
and were unanimous in declaring that the Italians
carried Monte Croce and Custozza, advanced above
and beyond them, and had full grip of the Austrian
centre ; and, looking at the ground again, we saw,
if that was true, how very near they were to vic-
tory, and how much is due to the dogged obstinacy
of the Austrian soldier and the resolution of his
leader. The King and the Archduke occupied the
same house within the 24 hours, but at 1 o'clock on
the 24th of June his Imperial Highness must have
been in considerable danger of being beaten. There
is a fine old chateau belonging to a noble family of
Modena, close to Custozza, which has suffered not
a little from the battle, and from what was once the
boundary wall of an Italian garden there is a fine
view of the ground towards Villafranca. The brown
patches show where men's feet have trampled away
the very grass. There are hedgerows literally
whitened with cartridge papers, and following them
and the exploded caps, one can form a good
idea of the course of the fight and the severity
of ',it, for there are differences in the Italian
and the Austrian bullets, and the marks in the trees
tell their story respecting the side which fired
from that place or the other. Doors and walls are
pitted with bullet-marks, and the blackened ruins
here and there point out where houses were set on
fire by shell. The lines of cartridge paper advance
from the gardens of the villa through the villages
up to the hill over the church, where the graves lie
thick. This was the furthest point reached by the
Italians. The Archduke, towards the close of the
day, seeing their left column effectively blocked, and
their right unable to advance, although Villafranca
had been taken and retaken, received a last attack
from their centre with calmness, and at once ad-
vanced upon them towards Custozza. The Italians
broke and fled. Custozza was won, and the date of
the 24th of June was added to the bitter memories
which fill the Italian heart. The loss of the Aus-
trians is said to have been under 3,000, that of the
Italians to have been 7,000 killed, wounded, and
prisoners. Now, considering the forces engaged and
the length of the combat, there has seldom been a
battle with so small a loss ; but its results may be
greater than those of many a thrice-bloodier field.
It was affecting to wander about over the fields,
all so quiet and tranquil now, and mark where
German and Italian lay in common graves. The
peasantry had scattered the contents of the poor
fellows' knapsacks, and heaps of letters in German,
Italian, Hungarian, Polish, and Sclavonic tongues,
of various kinds, lay nestling in nooks where they
had been driven by the summer breeze, some pulped
by rain, others glued together by a warmer stream.
One which 1 picked up uninjured, and addressed to
an Italian soldier by his brother, was full of home
news and gossip and affection. It was in the usual
style. It came hoping to find Giacomo well, as it left
the writer and his parents at present, and regretted
that work was so had and the harvest so late that
there was no money to spare except the amount for-
warded therewith, but that he would soon send his
dear brother more, and all the family would help as
much as they could. They hoped they would soon
have good news from him. He would be sorry to hear
that a certain cousin had been called to heaven, but
she should sin no more. La poverina had died. She
could not survive la sua disgrazia, but she had gone
from them penitent, and begged to be remembered
with a thousand prayers and tears and kisses to her
dearest and best friend Giacomo. Then there were
home messages and adieux ; and then another mus-
ing and wandering over the field. It was late in
the afternoon when our vetturino smacked his whip
in triumph under the gateway of the " Golden
Dove," as one returning from some great exploit.
It is very strange ; not a man in Verona knows any-
thing about the battle of Custozza except the land-
lord of the " Colombo d'Oro," and he has been an
Austrian officer ; but even he that night, in going
over the map and explaining it, preferred bad
French to his native Italian, and spoke in the lowest
of whispers, and all, as far as could be made out,
because there was an Austrian officer seated at an
adjacent table in the salle-a-manger. As already
stated I left Verona next day, on the morning of
the 6th of August, and I reached Botzen the same
afternoon, and travelling continuously night and
day arrived at Augsburg on the evening of the Bth
of August, whence I propose joining the Austrian
head-quarters at Gorz if I find the news that the
Archduke Albrecht has repaired there likely to be
11 well founded.

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Railway and other Companies,

GLOCESTER AND DEAN FOREST.

The half-yearly meeting of this comany was held
at Glocester on Thursday; Mr. W. Price
_in the
chair.

The report stated that the balance would allow
the distribution of 13s. per share, and the directors
therefore recommended that that amount of divi-
dend be declared.

The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the report,
which was adopted.
Resolutions were also adopted declaring a divi-
dend of 13s. per share payable forthwith, and re-
electing Mr. Price and Mr. Avery, the retiring
directors, and also Mr. Pike, the retiring auditor.
Thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings.