The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-12 00:00:00

TIDE SUN, LONDON, WEDNES MY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 12, 1866.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.-
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SUM
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LONDON, iVEDNESDAY, SEPT: 12, 1866.

Speechmaking is the order of the day in the
United States, and President JoillisoN has his full
Ehare of the duty. During his triumphant
atotvontn
tour lies
has been repeatedly called upon to repay the
of the populace by one of those animated and plain-
spoken addresses which the Americans arc fond of
hearing from their statesmen. His principal speeches
were made at New York and at Auburn. At the
latter he challenged his accusers to point to a single
principle which he had professed at the time of his
election and had since failed to maintain. Remem-
bering the vehemence and rancour of the charges
brought against him, the reckless manner in which
accusations of perjury and treason have been levelled
at his head, this self-assertion was not unnecessary.
At Auburn, as at other places, he declared himself

'willing to trust the cause of the Union
ll
nibounient,,, hhee said,hands
of the people. " The bayonet and
" had done their duty, and the ballot-box would do
its duty also."
In New York, where the PRESIDENT was received
with enthusiasm, he delivered an important address
atDELmonco's, where he was entertained at a sump-
tuous banquet. In it Mr. JOHNSON came boldly to.
the point at issue, and entered at once upon
the subject of his policy. He felt, he said,
that the Government, like the army and navy,
had done its duty in the suppression of the rebellion.
But the work was not done. The question of pre-
serving the Union had been settled by the armies
and navies of the United States, but while one
department of the Government had acted upon the
assumption that the Union was intact, another de-
partment had assumed and carried out the doctrine
that the Union was dissolved. This conduct on
the part of the Congress was, as Mr. JOHNSON
showed, totally opposed to the Constitution. In fer-
vent and eloquent language Mr. JOHNSON appealed
-to his hearers for their answer to this great national
question. Were they, he asked, prepared for a
fresh division, to see their fields again desolated by
war, their land drenched in brothers' blood ? For
himself he was both a Southern and a Northern
man ; that was to say, he was a citizen of the
United States, a Southerner by birth, a Northerner
by principle and association. Before the close of
the war the North had said to the South, " Disband
your armies, return to your original position in the
Government, and we will receive you back with open
11 arms." The South now said that they had accepted
the arbitrament of the sword, and it had decided
against them; they were willing, therefore, to accept
the terms of the North. And now what course could
the North pursue? Mr. JOHNSON boldly said that,
for his part, he did not want the Southern States
to re-enter the Union degraded and debased. If
they were so, they were no longer fit to form part
of the great American family. The PRESIDENT, in
arguing for the readmission of the South, remarked
that when they chose their own constitution they
modelled it upon the old system. There was, there-
fore, no reason to doubt their attachment to the
institutions of their country. As for the crime of
trying to break up the Government and dissolve the
Union, he found there were people in the North
equally anxious to do that. For his part he was
against them both, and for the Union. In his
opinion the North could not get along without the
South, or the South without the North. Some per-
sons contended that if they let the Southern repre-
sentatives in they would control the Government.
Was it likely, he asked, that 58 members could
control 208 ? Were they cowards to be
daunted by such clamour as this. Those
who persisted in the exclusion of Southern
members were doing their best to destroy the Go-
vernment. The country must be really united if they
wished to pay the interest on their bonds or to re-
store the Union to its former strength. New York
had a great part to play in this re-union ; and when
he looked back and traced its wonderful progress
since the days of the first Presidency he could not
fear for its future. When Washington was inau-
gurated the whole expense of the Government was
only about a million and a half, whereas the tax for
New York alone is now $18,000,000. The Govern-
ment of that city alone was now mere complicated
than the whole Administration was then. It is this
rapid growth and extension of the States which make
bystanders doubt whether it be possible to maintain
one form of govermneut over so vast an expanse of
territory and such an increasing population. Mr.
JOHNSON, of course, will not admit the doubt. He
holds fast to the one idea of restoring the Union
and reuniting the severed peoples in the links of
harmony and fellowship, and no one can deny that
he has adopted the only means of doing so.
His policy is the only clue out of the maze
in which American statesmen find themselves.
. -

to afford to be magnanimous, and a friendly hand
stretched out to the South will bring the peoples
together, at least for the time. To attempt any-
thing like a military rule over six millions of people,
scattered over so vast an area; would, even if it
were possible, necessitate a change iu the American
Constitution. It would not be difficult to foresee
the result. The army, immensely increased, would
become the ruling power in the State, and it would
not be long before a popular General would seize
the reins of power, and become Dictator,
King, or Emperor, as the case might be. From
this danger President JOHNSON will, if not thwarted
in his efforts, preserve this generation of Americans,
and, happily, the people have intelligence and libe-
rality enough to appreciate his services. The Radi-
cals lose no means of making him unpopular, and
have endeavoured to make political capital out of
the Fenian' excitement.

The spirit in which our colonists met the alarm
was highly characteristic, and did honour to the old
mother-country, which still claims them as her sons.
Ou March 7th the Adjutant-General called for
10,000 men, and in less than 24 hours the whole
number awaited him, being increased within a very
few days to 14,000. A month or two later the
Province had 20,000 men under arms ; and the
Adjutant-General, in his report to the Governor, is
" quite certain" that within 48 hours he could have
had 30,000. So much for the actual mustering ;
but, to appreciate the sacrifice, we must remember
that a young and thinly-populated country has no
drones in the hive, and that to answer the call many
men sacrificed wages more than double their pay.
From distant parts of the States came volunteers,
who had given up lucrative employments. One
gentleman even came from South Carolina, and sixty
young men hastened from Chicago to Toronto. The
intelligence, capacity, and military spirit of these
Canadian Volunteers were fully equal to their
patriotism, and the Fenians and New Yorkers, who
look with some contempt on the raw recruits, are
likely, should the occasion arise, to retract their too
hasty opinion. Much remainsbeteo,and di
done
in thea
way of providing stores, equipments,
arrangements ; and many of thedefic
Adjutantieneies sug-
gests, uaay_
with advantage be supplied, as the
gests, by the Home Government. Canada has
shown that she is willing, nay cagey, to
herself, and that she will provide the most valuable
part of the defence—strong arms and stout hearts.
England may well assist her in turning these to the
best account ; for in the colonists, as in the soil they
occupy, there is abundant evidence of undeveloped
natural resources of a magnificent character, and to
an incalculable extent.

The Sanitary Condition of the City has of late
enjoyed a large share of public attention, and all
that relates to its improvement naturally arrests no-
tice and attracts interest. After a recess of six
weeks the City Commissioners of Sewers reassembled
yesterday, and an unusual number of members was
present. Dr. LETIIEBY, the medical officer of health,
made a report of the results of the visits which the
officers had made to the various houses during the
last six weeks. It will show the state of things
when we show the onsequence of all this
has been that orders have been issued for
a improvement, making a total of 1,717
items. In addition to the usual sanitary staff of
the City, considerable number of men have been

daily engaged. The New River and East London
Water Companies have afforded a great deal of
assistance in the emergency that has arisen from
the " compulsory disuse" of the pumps in the City.
The labours of the sanitary inspectors have indeed
been most arduous, and the results of their visits
to the slaughter houses, cowsheds, &c., of the City
has been that they condemned 30,000 lbs. of meat
as unfit for human food. It is very impor-
tant that such stringent measures should
have been adopted, because the present
season is not one which allows of any trifling in
matters which bear so intimate a relation to public
health and safety, and no doubt had things been
left to take their usual course, we
.should by this
time find the rate of mortality much higher than it
is. In some cases Dr. LETHEBY recommended that
legal proceedings should be adopted, and mentioned
some instances in which fines had been in-
flicted for exposing " unwholesome food and pu-
trid birds" for sale in. the City markets. No
terms can be too strong in which to con-
demn those who commit oiThnces of this sort. At
any time it would be bad enough, but this year it is
outrageous that such things should be done. The
mortality returns of the City have been a little
above the average for the corresponding period of
the last ten years during the last six
weeks. But although the mortality has
been excessive from diarrhcea and such causes, it
has not attained to anything like the propor-
tion in the neighbouring districts. In the eastern
parts of London the deaths from cholera and
choleraic diarrhcea during the last six weeks
have been at the rate of 375 in 100,000
of the population, and in all London the
rate has been nearly 100 in 100,000, while in
the city it has been only 47 in 100,000 of the in-
habitants, and the mortality from diarrhcea has
been but 14 per 100,000; while in other parts of the
metropolisit has ranged from 26 to 61 per 100,000
of the people. Certainly this seems to indicate a
fatvourable condition of the City as compared to other
places. In so far as it related to the City, Dr.
LETHEBY truly observed that it was a subject of
sincere thankfulness that the range of the disease
had been confined to so narrow a circle. He
did not attempt, as he said, to account for
the remarkable differences in the intensity of the
disease, but perhaps it may be in consequence of all
the care that has been taken. In all probability the
precautions adopted in regard to the pumps has had
a great deal to do with the low rate of mortality,
and it may well serve as an example to other places,
both now and hereafter, that they may follow with
advantage, both with respect to their own interests
and those of the community in general. The old
adage of prevention being better than cure may
well be cited in respect to these visitations of
cholera, for forewarned is forearmed regarding the
needful precautions that ought to be taken and
carried out with energy.

A mistake having arisen as to Mr. CARLYLE
being the chairman of the Eyre Defence Committee,
111. Timm, the Secretary, has published the letter
written by that gentleman when he agreed to be-
come a member of the committee, in order that it

may serve as an answer to the numerous commu-
nications he daily receives from all quarters from
those who arc under the impression that he is chair-
man. In this letter Mr. CARLYLE writes very
much to the purpose, and expresses himself very
strongly as to the clamour raised against Governor
GYRE. Did it rest on any doubt of conviction,
instead of being a thing of hearsay and rumour, he
should, he says, " consider it of evil omen to the
country, and to its highest interests in these times."
This is in substance very much what Mr. RUSKIN
said the other day when he discoursed upon this
topic at the meeting which took place, and we agree
with the opinions thus expressed. It would be,
indeed, a very sad thing if the course pursued by the

wrongs of the negro were to be generally received
and adopted throughout the land; but we feel assured
that the contrary is the case, and that they form
exceptions to the rule. Mr. CARLYLE says that all
that has reached him of Mr. EYRE'S history goes to
prove that he is a " just, humane, and feeling
man ;" that his late services in Jamaica merited
our thanks instead of our censure, and that they
were of incalculable value—" something like the
case of ' fire' suddenly reported in the ship's pow-
der-room in mid-ocean, where the moments mean
the ages, and life and death hang on your use or
misuse of the moments." Perhaps the best solution
of this problem of the Jamaica outrage may be
found in Mr. CARLYLE'S explanation that the Eng-
lish nation has not changed, but that superficial
portions of it have become a great deal louder,
and not any wiser than they formerly used to be.
As a British citizen Mr. CARLYLE deemed it advis-
able to give his name for the committee, in the hope
that many more would do the like, and by wise
efforts a " blind and disgraceful act of public injus-
tice may be prevented, and an egregious folly as
well, not to say what a vital detriment thrOughout
the British Empire in such an example set to all the
colonies and governors the British Empire has." It
is curious to notice the contrast which is presented
by the calm manner adopted by the members of this
committee to that of the other side. Vituperation
and abuse are the weapons in their armoury, and they
appeal to nothing but prejudice and rage. From
the former we meet withsound sense and able argu-
ments, as well as the reference to the higher prin-
ciples of honour and justice which should guide and
govern public opinion in all matters of so weighty
an import,

DEATH OF MR. CHARLES MACLAREN.—We re-
gret to announce the death of Mr. Charles Maclaron, for-
merly editor of the Scotsman, which took place on Monday
morning at his house, Moreland Cottage, Grange. Mr.
Maclaren had reached the advanced age of 84, having been
born in 1782. In the year 1817, when holding a subaltern
off co in the Customs, he established, in connection with
the late Mr. W. Ritchie, the Scotsman newspaper, and acted
as its anonymous editor for four or five months. Circum-
stances rendering it inconvenient for him to appear as edi-
tor, he relinquished that post to the late Mr. J. R. M'Cul-
loch. He resumed it, however, after an interval of two
years, and continued to exercise the editorial fuilctions
until compelled by ill health to resign them in 1847 ; still,
however, writing occasionally for the paper, when placed
under the management of Mr. A. Russell. He was the
anther of "A Treatise on the Topography of Troy (1822),"
of which, after visiting the district, he published an im-
proved and illustrated edition in 1863, under the title of
" The Plain of Troy Described." lie wrote aleo " The
Geology of Fife and the Lothians (1839) ;" some articles in
the " Encycloptedia Britannica," and contributed many
scientific papers to the " Edinburgh Philosophical Jour-
nal." Mr. Maclaron was a member of the Royal Society of
Edinburgh, of the Geological Society of France, and of that
of London. —Edinburgh Conran!:

ARRIVAL OF VESSELS.—llaring the present week
the Thames, off Gravesend, has exhibited a more than
ordinary animated appearance, in consequence of the very
large arrival of vessels of various nations, which had been
detained for about a week in the Yarmouth Roads by the
stormy gales from the W.S.W.
THE REPRESENTATION OF FAL3IOUTIL —The
Western. Morning News, of this morning, states that the
Liberal committee yesterday unanimously selected the
name of Mr. Jervoise Smith, of the well-known London
banking firm of Smith, Payne, and Co., from a long list of
eligible gentlemen, as the most suitable Liberal candidate
for the representation of ' Falmouth and Penryn. Mr.
Smith is about 40 years of age, and stands high in the
commercial world. A meeting of Liberal electors was held
last night atthe Penryn Temperance Hall, when the choice
of the committee was submitted for the approval of the
party generally. It is understood that General North, who
at the last election came forward but did not go to the poll,
will be the Conservative candidate. He is expected to ar-
rive in the joint boroughs to night or to-morrow. ,

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Tuesday Evening.
The Moniteur says :—" Among the advantages
which Austria and Italy will derive from the treaty
of Peace negotiated at" Vienna will be the exten-
sion which those Powers propose to give to the
treaty of commerce and navigation which has go-
verned their relations since 1851. In a memoir
submitted to General Menabrea, the Austrian Go-
vernment considers the stipulations of that treaty as
the commencement of a future and more complete
understanding for the political and commercial
union of the two States."
Another striking and remarkable proof of the
Emperor's sympathy for his subjects, and his desire
to participate in good works, has just been given.
The Mayor of St. Cloud has caused placards to be
posted up in that town containing a copy of a letter
received by him from the Emperor. In this letter
the Emperor states that as he does not wish the
town of St. Cloud where he resides for a portion
of the year to be burthened in consequence of the
construction of the Church and other works of
public utility, he shall send to the Mayor from
the Ist of March next every month 27,516 f. for
ten months, in order to reimburse the debts of the
commune which amount to 275,160 f.
The weather is worse than ever to-day. The
early morning was particularly beautiful. At six
o'clock there was a splendid sunshine and not a
cloud to be seen, but before eleven the rain began
to fall heavily, and it continued with but little in-
terruption up to post hour. In spite of adverse
weather, however, the arrivals of English and other
foreigners are very numerous, and last night it was
difficult to find a lodging in some parts of France.
Seldom has there been a greater influx of strangers
to Paris than at the present time.
Another case of poisoning from supposed mush-
rooms has taken place at Augers. M. Sansfourche,
an eminent architect of that town, died in two days
after eating the poisonous vegetable', and several
members of his family are considered to be still in
danger from the same cause.
At the Porchefontaine races, on Sunday, four
prizes were contended for. Nemesis won the Prix
a Reclamer, I,ooof. M. Lagrange's NOimandie was
first in the Crieterium, 2,000 f., Little second, Thisbe
third. Normandie was claimed for 8,500 f. Milton
was first in the Course de Haies, I,ooof. Nine
horses
difficultyesranfor tbhyeEstleiespelebcy a headhasepriz.e, which was won
The following is the result of the racing regatta
at Pontorse on Sunday :—.The Prix de la Marie
was won by La Carpe, the Prix l'Empereur by
Esmeralda, the Prix de la Tente by Gauloise, the
Prix de Pontorse by Alliance, the Prix de Chateau
by Perle Fine, and the Prix de la Ville by Bebe.
A letter from Biarritz states that the number of
visitors is so considerable that it is very difficult to
procure lodgings. Some 30 years ago Biarritz was
a little miserable village on the sea, with a few
scattered houses here and there. Now it is a hand-
some and flourishing town. The Empress appears
much in public, with scarcely any attendants, and
is always received with the utmost respect and
cordiality. The young Imperial Prince also walks
about the streets with his tutor, M. Monnier, and
takes his bath every day at Porte Vieux. Crowds
of children with whom he plays give him a shake of
the hand. He dresses as a sailor. He is a good
swimmer. His favourite game when the tide is
rising is the construction of dams to keep off the
waves. Sometimes he is seen dragging a large piece
of rock for the purpose. Every evening the Empress
walks about the Grande Rue. The poor are often

invited to the chateau, and the Prince joins in her
Majesty's many acts of charity. Her Majesty is
generally seated on a chair near the bath while the

Prince is bathing. Her Majesty driven a poney
chaise with two beautiful poneys. The Prince often
meets pony men in his walks ; he always takes off
his hat while he speaks to them, and invites them to
come and see him at the chateau.
Next Sunday there are to be matches with the
Rowing Club, on the large lake on the Bois de
Boulogne.
On the 15th of this month the portion of the rail-

way which crosses the defiles of the Sierra Morena,

in Spain, will be opened for traffic, and from that time
there will be a complete and direct railway commu-
nication between Paris, Madrid, Cordova, Seville,
and Cadiz. In a few months Madrid ',will be in

al ninComm-sfc,l nnrnrrsiininntinn by the Badajoz line.
The Russian Government has for soli
directed its particular attention to the increase of
railway communication. St. Petersburg, Moscow,
and Warsaw, are now directly connected by
railway, and the line may be extended to Eastern
Prussia and Berlin by Gambinnen and Thorn.
Another central line from north to south will cor-
nect the capital with Moscow, Orel, Koursk, Sebas-
topol, and Taganrog, and place it in communication
with the gulf of Finland and the Crimea. If Russia
cannot at present send her products directly from
the Baltic to the Black Sea, she can send them to
the frontiers of all her neighbours as far as the
Niemen The port of Poti is now the site of im-
portant works, which will make it the principal port
of the Black Sea in that direction.
In spite of the unfavourable weather the vintage
has commenced in the south of France, and the
produce of grapes is abundant.

The Journal du Loiret complacently says that
among the remarkable objects to be sent to the
Great Exhibition will be the model of a guillotine
upon an improved principle, the advantage (?) of
which will be that it can cut off six heads at once ;
or, as it is to be worked by steam, the steam can be
put up so as to take off eight heads at a tine, should
such a consummation be desired. The axe, or
knife, will not fall vertically, as with the guillotine
now in use, but the heads will be severed by a
rotary and circular movement. The unkindest cut
of all in regard to this machine seems to be con-
tained in the statement that " the inventor is a
countryman of M. Bismarck." Another advantage
is that, as the machine is on wheels, the steam power
may be applied so as to transport the persons who
are to benefit by it with great rapidity from the pri-
son, and from thence to the cemetery.
The Journal des Debats says :
" The astonishing and unforeseen success of the
Prussian army in its rapid campaign in Saxony and
Bohemia appears to have inspired more than one
Government with serious reflections upon the sys-
tem of military recruiting. Without speaking of
France for the present, we learn, from a great
many articles in the Vienna journals, that the
Austrian Government thinks of introducing vast
reforms in the organisation of the army."
The Marchioness of Pomeren has just expired,
after long suffering. She was the only daughter of
the Marquis of Aligne, whose family boasts illustrious
ancestors. The marquis used great exertions to, pro-
cure the acquittal of Marshal Ney.
The Nouvelle Gazette of Prussia says M.
Drouyn de l'Huys was not the enemy, he was
the honourable adversary, of Prussia, and the friend
of Austria."

The Prince and Princess Metternich have arrived
at Biarritz on a visit to the Empress. It is known
that the Empress is very fond of reading, or rather
of having books read to her by her lady. reader.
The account is correct that, just before her Ma-
jesty's departure for St. Cloud, she was very much
amused with the work of M. Edmond About,
" Trento et Quarante," and took particular interest
in the exciting adventures of the hero, one Captain
Bitterlin. Just before quitting the Emperor, her
Majesty is said to have expressed her regret that
she had not time to learn the finish of the captain's
adventures. Immediately on the arrival of the Em-
press at Biarritz she received a telegraphicsent by the Emperor, which only contained the
words, " Captain Bitterlin is dead." despatch,
There has been a murder in the Rue de Ponthieu,
the circumstances of which are similar to those of
the murder of the woman for which the murderer
was recently executed at Versailles.

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.—Mr. Noble's statue of
Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer, has been erected in
Waterloo-place, at the side of the Athenceutn Club ; and
Mr. Foley's statue of Lord Herbert of Lea, irhich. is to be
placed in front of the War-office, Pall-mall, has been suc-
cessfully cast in bronze.

L A TEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Sept. 11.
The negotiations with Austria are progressing re-

,gularly.

LEGHORN, Sept. 11.

A meeting of the shareholders of the Tuscan Bank
has been held in this city, at which it was resolved
in principle that a fusion should take place between
this bank and the National Bank of Italy.

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

FLORENCE, SEPT. 12.

The financial negotiations between Austria and
Italy are said to be nearly completed at Vienna.
The plenipotentiaries are believed to have agreed
upon reproducing in the Treaty about to be con-
cluded the stipulations already inserted in the treaties
of Prague and Paris. It is expected that the nego-
tiations will confine themselves to laying down in
the treaty the principle of arrangement, and that
the liquidation will be carried into effect by special
commissioners without the conclusion of peace being
dyed.

NEW BAVARIAN LOAN.

MUNICH, Sept. 12.

The house of Erlanger, of Frankfort-on-Maine,
in company with some other German bankers, will
to-day conclude a lottery loan to the Bavarian
Government of 28 million thalers. The loan will
bear interest at the rate of 4 per cent., 1 per cent.
further being allotted for prizes, and the bonds will
be to the amount of 100 thalers each.