The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, IONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEIVIBER,_ 20, 1859,

TILE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

• ABERDEEN, FRIDAY.
At the meeting of the Geological Section yester-
day its president, Sir C. LULL, stated the result
of some observations he had made in France on the
proofs of the antiquity of the human race. Sir
Charles spoke as follows :—No subject has lately
excited more curiosity and general interest among
geologists and the public than the question
of the antiquity of the human race ; whether
or no we have sufficient evidence to prove the
former co-existence of man with certain ex-
tinct" mammalia, in caves, or in the super-
_ficial deposits commonly called drift or " diluinum."
For the last quarter of a century the occasional oc-
currence in various parts of Europe of the bones of
man, or the works of his hands, in cave-breceias
and stalactites associated with the remains of the
extinct hyaena, bear, elephant, or rhinoceros, have
given rise to a suspicion that the date of man mist
be carried further back than we had heretofore
imagined. On the other hand, extreme reluctance
was naturally felt on the part of scientific rea-
goners to admit the validity of such evidence, see-
ing that so many caves have been inhabited by a suc-
cession of tenants, and have been selected by man
as a place not only of domicile, but of sepulture,
while some caves have also served as the channels
through which the waters of flooded rivers have
flowed, so that the remains of living beings which
have peopled the district at more than one era may
._.have subsequently been mingled in such caverns
and confounded together in one and the same de-
posit. The facts, however, recently brought to light
during the systematic investigation, as reportedink
on
by Falconer, of the Brixhara Cave, must, I th,
have prepared you to admit that scepticism in regard
to the cave—evidence in favour of the antiquity of
man had previously been pushed to an extreme.
To escape from what I now consider was a legi-
timate deduction from the facts already accumu-
lated, we were obliged to resort to hypotheses
requiring great changes in the relative levels and
drainage of valleys, and, in short, the whole t hysical
geography of the respective regions where the caves
are situated—changes that would alone imply a
remote antiquity for the human fossil remains, and
make it probable that man was old enough to
have co-existed, at least, with the Siberian mam-
moth' But, in the course of the last 15 years,
• another class of proofs has been advanced
in France, in confirmation of man's antiquity,
into two of which I have personally examined in the
course of the present summer, and to which I shall
now briefly advert. First, so long ago as the year
1844, M. Aymard, an eminent palaeontologist and
antiquary, published an account of the diseovery in
the volcanic district of Central France, of portions of
two human skeletons (the skulls, teeth, and bones),
embedded in a volcanic breccia, found in the moun-
tain of Denise,in the environs of Le Puy en Velay,
a breccia anterior in date to one, at least, of the latest
eruptions of that volcanic mountain. On the
opposite side of the same hill the remains
of a large number of mammalia, most of
them of extinct species, have been detected in
tufacions strata, believed, and I think correctly, to
be of the same age. The authenticity of the human
fossils was from the first disputed by several geo-
losists, but admitted by the majority of those who
-visited Le Puy and saw with their own eyes the
original specimen now in the museum of that
town. Among others M. Pictet, so well known to
you by his excellent work on paleontology, de-
clared after his visit to the spot his adhesion to
the opinionsprevionsly expressed by Aymard.
My friend, Mr. Scrope, In the second edition
of his Volcanos of Central France, lately pub-
lished, also adopted the same conclusion, al-
though, after accompanying me this year to La Puy
he has seen reason to modify his views. The result
of our joint examination, a result which I believe
essentially coincides with that arrived at by M.
Hebert and M. Lartet, names well known to
Science, who have also this year gone into this in-
quiry on the spot, may thus be stated. We are by
no means prepared to maintain that the specimen
in the museum at Le Puy (which unfortunately was
never seen in situ by any scientific observer),
is a fabrication. On the contrary, we incline to
believe that the human fossils in this and some other
specimens from the same hill, were really imbeded by
natural causes in their present matrite. But the rock
• in which they, are entombed consists of two parts,
one of which is a compact, and for the most part
thinly laminated stone, into which none of the
human bones penetrate; the other containing the
bones, is a lighter and much more porous stone,
with laminations, to which we could find nothing
similar in the Mountain of Denise, although both
M. Hebert and myself made several excavations on
the alleged site of the fossils. M. Hebert there,
fore suggested to me that this most porous stone,
• resembles in colour and mineral composi-
tion, though not in structure, parts of the genuine
old breccia of Denise, may be made of the
older rock broken up and afterwards rede-
posited, or as the French say, " remane," and,
therefore, of much newer date : a hypothesis
which well deserves consideration, but I feel that
we are at present so ignorant of the precise circum-
stances and position under which these celebrated
human fossils were found, that I ought not to waste
time in speculating on their probable mode of inter.
ment, but simply declare that in my opinion they
afford no demonstration of man having witnessed
the last volcanic eruptions of central France.
The skulls, according to the judgment of the most
. competent osteologists who have yet seen them, do
not seem to depart in a marked manner from the
modern European or Caucasian type, and the hu-
man bones are in a fresher stake than those of the
elephas meridionalis and other quadrupeds found in
any breccia of Denise which can be referred to the
- period even of the latest volcanic eruptions. But
while I have thus failed to obtain satisfactory evi-
dence in favour of the remote origin assigned to the
human fossils of Le Puy, I am fully prepared to
corroborate the conclusions which have been re-
cently laid before the Royal Society by Mr. Prest-
, in regard to the age of the flint implements
associated .in undisturbed gravel, in the north of
• France, with the bones of elephants, at Abbeville
and Amiens. These were first noticed at Abbeville,
and their true geological position assigned to them
by M. Boucher de Perthes, in 1846, in his " An-
• tiquites Celtiques," while those of Amiens • were
afterwards described in 1855, by the late Dr. Rigol-
lot. For a clear statement of the facts I may refer
you to the abstract of Mr; Prestwich's memoir, in
• the proceedings of the Royal Society for 1850, and
have only to add that I have myself obtained abun-
dance of flint implements (some of which are laid
upon the table) during a short visit to Amiens and
' Abbeville. Two of the worked flints of Amiens were
discovered in the gravelpits of St. Acheul—one at a
depth of 10, the other at 17 feet below the surface,
at the time of my visit ; and M. G. Ponchet, of Rouen,
author of a work on the " Races of Man," who has
• since visited the spot, has extracted with his own
hands one of these implements, as Messrs. Prest-
wich and Flower had done before him. The strati-
fied gravel resting immediately on the chalk in
which these rudely-fashioned instruments are buried
belongs to the post-pliocene period, all the fresh
Water and land shells which accompany them being
- of existing species. The great number of the fossil
instruments which have been likened to hatchets,
spearheads, and wedges, is truly wonderful. More
than a thousand of them have already been met
with in the last 10 years, in the valley of the Som-
me, in an area 15 miles in length. I infer that a
tribe of savages, to whom the use of iron was un-
known, made a long sojourn in this region ; and I
.am reminded of a large Indian mound, which I saw
In St. Simond's Island, in Georgia—a mound 10
acres in area, and having an average height of five
feet, chiefly composed of cast-away oyster shells,
• th roughout which arrow-heads, stone axes, and
Intlian pottery are dispersed. If the neighbouring
river, the Alatamaha, or the sea which is at hand,
should invade, sweep away, and stratify the con-
-. tents of this mound, it might peoduce a very.ana-
'nous accumulation of human implements, unmixed,
.. Perhaps, with human bones. Although the accom-
P,Ting shells areyof living species I believe the an-
tiquity of the Abbeville and Amiens flint instru-
ments to be great
.indeed if compared to the times
of history or trai
hon. I consider the gravel to be
Hof
fluviatile origin,
tut I could detect nothing in
the structure of i
several parts indicating
nothing
,cataclysmal action, that might not be
ft
d,ne to such river-eods u
last
half century.
witnessed
• in Scotland during the
for wearingry It must
hay •e the
required a long pe.docli cen
of tl 'te chalk which supplied the broken flintsfor then
form alien of so much gravel at various heights—
some tiro es 100 feet above the Present level of the
the deposition of fine sediment, includ-
both terrestrical and aquatic,
ing e;atire and
portions having
also for the denudation which the entire mass of
stratified drift has undergone, been
swept a way, so that what remains of it ofte
besidesn termi-
being
nates a bruptly is old river cliffs,
.covered: by a newer unstratified drift. To explain,
these el ranges I should infer considerable oscillations
in the it wel of the land in that part of France—slow
inovemet its of upheaval and subsidence, deranging,
.but not As holly displacing, the course of the ancient
-rivers. Lc tstly, the disappearance of the elephant,
'rhinoceros, and other genera of quadrupeds now
forei,Tn in T.,urope implies, in like manner, a cast
lapse of ages, separating the era in which the fossil
ralemel nts we.. .e framed and that of the invasion
of by the Romans. • Among the problems of
high .thE ,oretical interest which the recent progress
of geplc )gy and natural history has brought into
, notice, no one is more prominent, and, at the same
time .1 mc we-obscure, than that relating to the origin
of fq ieci es. On this difficult and mysterious subject
a w orb : will very shortly appear by Mr. Charles

Darwin, the result of 20 years of observation and
experiment in zoology, botany, and geology, by
which he has been led to the conclusion that those
powers of nature which give rise to races and perma-
nent varieties in animals and plants, are the same
as those which, in much longer periods, produce
species, and, in a still longer series of ages, give rise
to differences of generic rank. He appears to me to
have sneceeded, by his investigations and reason-
ings, to have thrown a flood of light on many classes
of phenomena connected with the affinities, geogra-
phical distribution, and geological succession of or-
ganic beings, for which no other hypothesis has
been able, or has even attempted, to account.
Among the communications sent into this section,
I have received from Dr. Dawson, of Montreal, one
confirming the discovery which he and I formerly
announced, of a land shell, or pupa, in the coal for-
mation of Nova Scotia. When we contemplate the
vast series of formations intervening between the
tertiary and carboniferous strata, all destitute of
air-breathing mollusca, at least of the terrestrial
class, such a discovery affords an important illus-
tration of the extreme defectiveness of our geologi-
cal records. It has always appeared to me that the
advocates of progressive development have too
much overlooked the imperfections of these records,
and that, consequently, a large part of the generali-
sations in which they have indulged in regard to
the first appearance of the different classes of ani-
mals, especially of air-breathers, will have to be
modified or abandoned. Nevertheless, that the doc-
trine of progressive development may contain in it
the germs of a true theory, I am far from denying.
The consideration of this question will come before
you when the age of the white sandstone of Elgin is
discussed—a rock hitherto referred to the old red,
or Devonian formation, but now ascertained to con-
tain several reptilian forms, of so high an organisa-
tion as to raise a doubt in the minds of many geo-
logists whether so old a place in the series can cor-
rectly be assigned to it.
At the meeting this morning of Section E
Geography and Ethnology—Mr. L. OLIPHANT (late
Secretary to Lord Elgin) read a long and very able
paper on Japan, which concluded as follows :—lt
would be well to remember that, while we have
achieved a great result in thus opening to the world
this prosperous and happy community, we have also
incurred serious obligations towards them, and are
bound not to take advantage of their ignorance and
inexperience in their dealings with western nations.
We can only hope to commend our civilisation to
them by maintaining a high moral standard, both
in our commercial and political intercourse. They
are sufficiently enlightened to appreciate a-policy
influenced by higher considerations than those in-
volved in the accumulation of wealth. Unless we
follow such a policy, it is not too much to predict
that we shall lose alike their confidence and re-
spect, and involve ourselves in complications disas-
trous to our commerce and discreditable to our
national character. Of all the nations of the east,
the Japanese are the most susceptible to civilising
influences, and I quote the words of an eminent Chi-
nese and Japanese scholar in saying that, in one re-
spect. they are far in advance of their ancient neigh-
bours the Chinese, in that their attention is directed to
obtain a knowledge of other nations. Their efforts in
this way will form their greatest security. Their
soldiers once formed the bodyguard of the King of
Siam, their consuls once examined Spanish ships
in Acapulco, their sailors once took a Dutch gover-
nor out :of Formosa, and carried him prisoner to
their rulers, their Princes once sent an embassy to
the Pope, their Emperor once defied the vengeance
of Portugal, by executing her ambassadors. The
knowledge of these historical events remains among
them. We may reasonably hope for a g!eat pre-
ponderance of good results from an extension of an
intercourse which has recommenced so peacefully.
Let us indulge the expectation that the land of the
rising sun may not only soon be fitted for .taking
her place among nations, but also among Christian
nations, and with all the institutions, and liberty,
and purity of the best of the nations.
In Section F—Economic Science and Statistics
—Mr. J. T. MACKENZIE read a paper on the trade
and commerce of India. The paper gave a view of
the exports and imports of bullion and merchandise
for 25 years, ending in 1858. The value of exports
from British India amounted, in the five years from
1833-8, to £10,300,000 annually, while, from the
five years from 1853-8, the amount annually was
£22,810,755. Imports of merchandise, exclusive of
treasure, averaged £4,717,278 yearly, in the first
period orthe same series, and £13,457,015 yearly for
the last. • The total bullion imported into India for
the 25 years was L 110,329,428. The number of ves-
sels entered into India from foreign ports in 1858 was
4,3o9—increase £1,686,558. The largest item of
merchandise imported into India consisted of cotton
twist, yarn, and piece goods, and amounted in 1858
to £4,696,400, of which £4,608,655 were supplied
by the United Kingdom. The writer next alluded
to the importance of the extension of this great
market to every class at home ; and the obvious
means by which this great object is to be attained
are, on the one hand, by increasing the producing
power of India, and by enabling her to dispose of a
large quantity of her own productions, and, on the
other, by our manufacturers studying, more than
they do at present, the habits of the people in the
manufacture of articles best suited to their real
wants, tastes, and fancies. The total value of mer-
chandise exported from British India in 1868 was
£27,453,692, of which £9,106,635 was for opium,
none of which is entered for British consumption.
Deducting this, the exports still exceed £18,000,000,
of which more than £10,500,000 came to the United
Kingdom. The largest item of Indian exports,
after opium, is raw cotton, which in 1858 amounted
to £4,301,769, of which £3,296,698 came to the
United Kingdom, and this is about £1,500,000 be-
low the valua of the manufactured cotton we
sent out to her. He pointed to the importance that
would attach to organised efforts made to promote
the consumption of Indian produce, and thereby td
stimulate her productive power. He next said the
whole system of banking. in India required to be
changed. The means of transport and irrigation
were also noticed as greatly needed, and greatly
important. It should be clearly understood, how•
ever, that for the real extension of the_great com-
mercial intercourse with India it is no part of the
duty of Government to aid, either directly or in-
directly, by pecuniary grants, gifts of land, or gua-
rantees of interest, any industrial or commercial
undertaking of the country.
In the course of the discussion which followed,
Mr. Tite, M.P., paid a high compliment to the Right
Hon. J. Wilson, and expressed a hope that in the
position he was about to occupy in India he would
solve some of the problems that had then engaged
their attention. Mr. Leith, Sir J. Bowring, and
Col. Edwardes. also addressed the section at con-
siderable length.
This evening Sir RODERICK MURCHISON deli-
vered a discourse " On the Geological Structure
and Order of the Older Rocks in th-. 1 Northern
Counties of Scotland." The address, which was of
great length, was listened to most attentively, and
at its close,
Sir CHAS. LYELL moved a vote of thanks to Sir
Roderick for the clear and admirable illustration
he had given them of the Geology of Scotland.
Without giving an opinion as to the Elgin sand-
stones, he (Sir C.) might state that if the evidence
so clearly laid before them bearing thereon had
been before him when he published his work, he cer
tainly should not have called the rock Devonian.
Professor PHILLIPS seconded, remarking on the
high estimation in whicn Sir R. Murchison was
held over half the globe, as the master of the
Silurian.
Sir D. BREWSTER then, amid loud applause,
thanked Sir R. Murchison, and continuing, said a
more lasting testimonial than a mere vote of thanks
was now to be presented, viz., the Brisbane Medal
of the Edinburgh Royal Society (of which Sir David
is a Vice-President.) A deputation of members of
the Council were now in waiting for this purpose,
whom he begged to introduce. The deputation
consisted of Dr. Christison, Professors Allman and
Balfour, and Mr. R. Chambers. The medal, amid re-
newed plaudits, having been presented through
Sir David Brewster,
Mr. ROBERT CHAMBERS spoke as follows :—Sir
Roderick Murchison,—The Royal Society of Edin-
burgh, viewing your' late researches in the High-
lands of Sutherlandshire with an interest and ad-
miration shared by the whole scientific world, has
thought proper to vote to you the first example of
a gold medal, founded by its respected president,
Sir T. S. Brisbane, for remarkable scientific ser-
vices. In the paper read by you to the Geological
Society in December last, the society • sees an ad-
mirable instance of laborious investigation in con-
nection. with a Scottish field. You have, sir, suc-
ceeded in putting into a new and correct place in
the geologiCal series, a band of formations which,
from the days of M'Culloch downwards, has at-
tracted a large share of attention, both on ac-
count of its constituent materials and the mag-
nificent scenery which it forms ; and you have
t_lllB conferred a great favour upon your native
specu-
lations country. It seems suitable that the Royal So-
upon itself to
Edinburgh, which heard the first specu-
stain • h
services so distinguished of Hutton nd of Playfair, should take
with the national approbation,
that your rose not
as yours, The society,
sand cannot overlook the fact
however, must
in Sutherlandshire only fol-
low up a most remarkabledu series of geological inves-
tigation, performed during
high
last 35 years, and
which have placed you
geollogfhhisets.
Alps, In succession,
araoug the great
chiefs of living British
have_recalled to the
tbe mountains of Auvergne,
thian.s, the Urals, have Owned yourn93.e
for re-
search. story 0
stoor rei
stheaerfichrs.t alrgells of life upon its surface. In the wide
plains of Russia your diligence has been as conspi-

cuouidv shoWn as in that Siluria which is all your
own. Two superb and volumintous works and 100
separate memoirs but faintly ex press the amount of
your geological writings. Nor, on the present oc-
casion, should your services, as ti 'le head of the Geo-
logical Survey, and as the frequei it President of the
Geographical Society, be forgotte: n. Neither should
we fail to remember that remarkable triumph of
science of which you are the instrnmont—the vati-
cination of an auriferous region in Australia, from
the observations you had made in the Ural Moun-
tains. Viewing these many 'merits and your pre-
sent active course, the Royal Society of Edinburgh
cannot but feel proud in 'having. the privilege of
conferring upon you the first Brisbane prize; and
it is their earnest wish and prayer that you may
long be spared to enjoy the many deserved honours
which a grateful country and an admiring band of
fellow-labourers and a beneficent Sovereign have
conferred upon you.
Sir R. MURCHISON replied in very feeling lan-
guage, stating that no honour ever conferred upon
him had touched him more than this testimonial at
the hands of his own countrymen. He was gratified
beyond measure at receiving this honour from a so-
ciety which, of almost all others in Europe, is chary
in conferring its honours, and has a more limited
number of honorary members than any other scien-
tific society. And all the more would it be esteemed
that it was put into his hand by one of the most
eminent of living philosophers. (Loud applause.)

THE LATE EXPLOSION ON BOARD

THE GREAT EASTERN.

Yesterday morning the adjourned inquiry into
the cause of this fatal accident was resumed, at the
Town-hall, Weymouth. As on previous occasions,

the company were represented by Mr. Leverson
the shareholders by Mr. Lawson, and Mr. Scott
Russell by Mr. Newman.
Mr. Jackson, M.P., Mr. Magnus, and Mr. Cut-
bill, directors of the Great Ship Company, with
Captain Harrison, and the principal officers of the
Great Eastern, were again in attendance.
Before opening the proceedings the Foreman of
the Jury said that the inquiry was drifting from an
inquest into a lawsuit, and therefore he hoped that
the Coroner would place no evidence before the
Court which did not entirely and exclusively con-
cern the cause of the accident. It was entirely
beside the question as to what was the contract
between the directors of the Great Ship Company
and Mr. Scott Russell.
The Coroner said that he did not consider the
only question before the jury was what ways the
cause of the accident. It Ras also their duty to
discover, if possible, who was the cause of it, and
therefore all evidence which tended to show who
was in charge of the engines was certainly to the

point.
The first witness examined was Mr. William
Jackson, M.P., deputy chairman, and one of the
managing directors of the Great Eastern, who de-
posed that in conjunction with Mr. Campbell he
arranged as to the time the vessel should leave the
river. He always understood that the contractors
who constructed the engines would be in charge of
them during the trial trip. Mr. Scott Russell inti-
mated that it would be desirable to place on board
certain engineers to manage the paddle engines,
and witness's impression certainly was that that

gentleman was in charge of them, from Mr. Russell
Being on the bridge and directing the movements
of the paddle engines below. It was never consi-
dered that Mr. Scott Russell took charge of the
engines as a favour, but as a matter of duty, and
as being responsible for their proper working. On
one or two occasions Mr. Russell bad told witness

the ship was finished and the contract completed,
to which he always replied that it was not. On the
Monday before the ship sailed Mr. Russell applied
to the board for more money, on the ground of extra
work and completion of contract. The money was
refused, as the company considered that too much
had been paid to Mr. Russell, and that his contract
was not complete. Both ship and paddle engines,
he considered, were at that moment in charge of Mr.
Russell. The paddle engines were still incomplete,
and under the contract for finishing the vessel he
thought that much remained to be done. The board
was waiting for a formal notice from Mr. Russell
that the contract was completed in order to have the
whole ship surveyed. It required a certificate from
the managing director that the ship was completed
and given up before Mr. Russellls contract and re-
ap9nsibility were at an end. That certificate had
never been given and never applied for. Mr. Rus-
sell applied for the last payment under the con-
tract, which, however, was refused.
A long discussion ensued as to the admission of
this evidence as to contract; which, on one hand,
it was contended must be tried by a higher court ;
while for the other side it was stated, that it served
' to show who was in charge of the ship, or, at least
of the engines.
Captain Robertson said enough had been shown
as to the cause of the accident ; it only remained to
discover who was to blame.
Mr. John Arnett, chief engineer of the paddle
engines under Mr. M'Lennan, deposed that he was
formerly in Mr. Scott Russell's employ, and was
selected by him to go in charge of the paddle en-
gines on board the Great Eastern. He was in
charge of the engines when the explosion took
place, and Mr. Patrick was under his orders. He
was not in the boiler room that day. Though in
charge of the engines, he did not consider that it
was his duty to look after the boilers. Other en-
gineers did that. Mr. Patrick never reported to
him that at 12 in the day he shut off the feed from
the funnel casing and turned it direct into the boilers.
If it had been reported to him, he would at once,
knowing that there were cocks in the syphon tubes,
have ascertained that they were open, and the steam
escaping. He was never aware that the feed was
shut off from the casing at all. He never received
any instructions as to the working of the engines
either from Mr. Dickson or Mr. M'Lennan. Mr.
Dickson assisted him in starting. If anything had
gone wrong in the engine-room, he would have re-
ported it to Mr. M'Leunan, whom he considered
his chief. He could not answer whether or not
Mr. M'Lennan gave him instructions to obey the
engineers in charge or not. Mr. M'Lennan called
them together, and set the watches, though he
did not , recollect whether or not he said they
were to obey the engineer in charge. He could not
answer whom he would have considered Mr.
M'Lennan meant if he had given such instructions
about the engineer in charge. He never gave Pat-
rick any instructions to open the cock of the second
funnel after the explosion. Both the cocks were
open when the vessel left Deptford. He went
round himself, and saw them open himself. A man
named Duncan M'Farlane was with him. (The
evident reluctance with which this witness gave his
evidence created some sensation in court.)
All witnesses about to prove facts connected with
the machinery were then ordered to leave the hall.
Examination resumed—On the Tuesday before
they left witness made that examination with
M'Farlane, shortly after breakfast. The cocks were
then open, and witness did not touch them, though
he had a spanner with him. That was alter the
pipe had been lengthened by five feet. Any one
could open the door which led to the cock, though
no one could turn the cock without using a spanner.
He was quite positive they were open.
By Mr. Lawson—He had been in the employ-
ment of Mr. Russell for several years, except when
away in charge of new ships. He ceased to be in
Mr. Russell's employ the Tuesday before the ves-
sel started, and went into the service of the com-
pany. Mr. Brunel said he was to go as chief en-
gineer under Mr. M'Lennan. His ordinary
employment was in Mr. Russell's yard. He was
only to be employed by the company for,three months.
When new machinery was put in a ship witness
generally went in charge of the engines on the trial
trip, as in the trial trip of the Great Eastern.
Witness started one engine (tad Mr. Dickson the
other. Nothing whatever was said between wit-
ness and Mr. Dickson as to the working of the
engines. M'Farlane, who went round with him to
examine the cocks, had also been for some time in
Mr. Russell's employment. There were plenty of
spanners on board the ship that would have turned
the cocks., He never saw cocks like those fitted to
stand pipes before, but he knew the danger of hav-
ing them closed. [Some discussion here ensued
among the jury as to the peculiar action of the
cocks, and eventually they requested the Coroner to
send off to the ship for them, which was accordingly
done, and the cross-examination of the witness was
proceeded with.] After seeing the cocks were right
on Tuesday he never looked to them again, nor
sent any one to look to them. No one could have
got to them without breaking the door of the casing
open, supposing the door to be locked. It was not
locked, however, and any one might have gone
there. No one gave him any directions with regard
to managing the engines. He put, on the expan-
sion gear, and did as he thought right, without in-
structions: They were working at 201 b., and driving
the engines as fast as they could be driven. Mr.
Dickson was net much abut except at starting.
Mr. Dickson assisted at starting the engines on
Wednesday, but he could not recollect if he as-
sisted on Thursday. He did assist again on Friday.
Never gave the witness Patrick any instructions to
shut off the " feed" from the casing, nor did Patrick
ever make any
.report to him at all, except to say
that all was going on well. He never at'any time
was informed that the feed was shut off from the
casing. lie considered himself in charge of the
paddle engines entirely, but he did not consider
himself at all bound to look after the boilers.
By Mr. Leverson.—Mr. Brunel informed him

that Mr. Russell had appointed him (witness)
to take charge of the paddles. Did not ex-
pect to return to Mr. Scott Russell's employment,
though his appointment with the company was not
a permanent one. Had often been away on trial

trips with Mr. Scott Russell's vessels. Had been
away sometimes as long as six or twelve months,
and then always returned to Mr. Scott Russell's

employment. He came on shore on Saturday
last without asking leave either from Captain
Harrison or Mr. M‘Lennan. Could not recollect

who gave him leave. Never made any report what-

over to Mr. M'Lennan as to the state- of -either en-
gines or boilers. Could not recollect what had made
him so particular in looking to the cocks on the
stand pipe, beyond that it was usual to examine all
the cocks on feed pipes before starting. The jacket

had been used before and those cocks examined
before. When they had examined them M'Farlane
and he parted on the deck near the funnel casing.
He never knew that the donkey engines would not
work, and that that was why they were obliged to
give up feeding through the funnel. He could not
recollect saying that the donkey engines should be
thrown overboard, though he would not swear that
he had not said so.

By Mr. Newman—Mr. Patrick he considered
was quite competent to take charge in the boiler-
room. Mr. M'Lennan never gave him any instruc-
tions to get up steam beyond saying when the ves-
sel would leave the Thames. If anything had gone
wrong in the engine-room he would have reported
to Mr. M'Lennan. Did not like at all to leave the
engine-room to look after the boilers. The boilers
were priming, and there was danger of water in
the cylinders, and therefore he did not wish to
leave the engine-room. There was no steam regis-
ter kept. Some one was taking diagrams, but he
did not know who he was.

Duncan M'Farlane, a chief engineer of the auxi
liaries, was called, and received the same caution.
as the other witnesses connected with the machi-
nery department,—that he was not bound to an-
swer any questions which might tend to criminate
himself. He said he accompanied the last witness,
Arnott, round the vessel en the Tuesday before
sailing to show him the docks to the water heaters,
and see that they were all right. The cocks on
the syphon were then open. They closed the door
leading to the cocks after examining them. It merely
shut too with a. latch. There was no lock on it,
and any one could open it. It was his especial
duty to see that all the cocks in the paddle-engines
were in working-order, and open when they were
required to be open. Up to the day of arriving at
the \ore the cocks were both open, and steam
blowing off. Did not see the cocks themselves, but
when he saw the steam escaping he knew they were
open. After arriving at the Nore his charge of
them ceased, and he went to look after the aux-
iliary engines.
At the request of the Coroner,
The witness here recapitulated in detail the
number and position of the various cocks which
had to be inspected. Mr. Dickson gave witness his
directions to attend the inquiry. Had no conver-
sati m with Mr. Dickson as to the evidence he
could give. He had been five years in the employ
of Mr. Russell before joining the ship. If the cock
had not been on the tube the accident could not
has e oceured at all. He was put in charge of the
cocks by Mr. Russell, under Mr. Dickson's orders.
,He had always executed that particular duty in
Mr. Russell's ships. Mr. Arnott told him to open
all the cocks, therefore he did so.
[The cock on the tube was here brought to the
jury, and at a little distance from the witness ; he
at once stated, bv the marks on the screw, whether
it was open or shut, and afterwards explained its
action.]
By Mr. Leverson—Had only been in the employ-
ment of the company since the Tuesday before sail-
ing. Previous to that time he had always been in
Mr. Russell's employment. Mr. M'Lennan gave
him his orders to take charge of the auxiliaries, and
he thought that Mr. M'Lennan was his chief. He
communicated with Mr. Dickson before joining the
company, as ha considered he was Mr. Dickson's
servant. He saw both Mr. Dickson and Mr.
M'Lcnnan in the engine room with others occasion-
ally, but could not say. who was in charge. He,
however, considered Mr. M'Lennan was his chief,
ar.d to him he would have reported anything.
Captain William Harrison was then examined—
He said, I am in command of the Great Eastern,
and have been so from the time she left the Thames.
Mr. Russell was in charge of the paddle engines,
and Mr. Langdon, of Watts and Co.'s, in charge of
the screw. I know that from my own observation.
Mr. Russell sometimes, as directed by the pilot,
signalled to the screw engineers; but he passed
down verbal directions to those in charge of the
paddles. I had no information from the directors as
to Mr. Russell having charge, but Mr. Brunel in-
formed me that he would not accept the engines
unless they worked faster on the trialtrip than they
had done in the river. My instructions to Mr.
M'Lennan, the chief engineer, were not to interfere
with the working of the engines at all, but to hand
over his staff of assistants to the contractors. Both
screw and paddle-engines were at that moment the
property of tie contractors, and had not been ac-
cepted by the company. If anything had gone
wrong with either engines, I would have reported
the matter to their respective contractors. Mr.
M'Lennan had my orders to place his assistant engi-
neers at the disposal of Mr. Russell and Messrs.
Watt and Co. I did not hear him give those orders.
I told him to give them, and he reported to me that
he had done se. The trial trip took place, of course,
under the sanction of both contractors. I saw Mr.
Russell give his instructions from the bridge to the
paddle engineers, and from that I thought he was
in charge, but he might have been giving that as-
sistance from interest in his engines.
By Mr. Leverson—Of the four trials, or starting
of the engines in the river, only one took place in
the presence of the officers and engineers of the
comp:my.. The first trial was made at 2 o'clock in
the morning without my knowledge or the know-
ledge of the company or their engineers. All the
other trials were made by Mr. Scott Russell's engi-
neers, and Mr. M'Lennan has never taken charge
at all. The engines were never delivered up to the
company, and Mr. Scott Russell continues in charge
of them. If Mr. Russell had not volunteered that
morning to work the indicator to the engine-room
from the bridge, I should have placed two of my
officers there to do it. Mr. Russell gave his orders
to the paddle engines because they were under his
charge, I presume, and because he was the con-
structor of them. It is-not true that the stand pipe
casing wi's a ventilator for the sleeping cabins. It
was for the boiler-room. If the stand pipe had
broken, it could have done no more than let the
water down on the boilers.—Some might perhaps
have come through the perforated zinc casing ; but
av ry little. After the vessel left the Nore, I, in
conj
e q
thect i
n with the pilot, asked Mr. Russell to
ipaddles faster, as the screw was over-
running them. Mr. Russell, however, did not do so.
At all trial trips I have seen the engines have been
worked at their full speed to test them and provo
all they could do before they were delivered up.
When I asked Mr. Russell to go faster he did not
wsaerfeetysu.ffimcrie.Rntal
refer me to any one else as being in charge of the
paddles. The engines never were driven at full
speed ; in the trim the vessel was in neither screw
sufficiently immersed
eth aud m r. in
Blake the
oughtwat r
utoodropsaodwdli
not to have come to any arrang,ement as to the speed
at which they were to drive the engines without my
cognisance. As captain of the ship I would not
have allowed such an agreement. I have never
heard of any such arrangement having existed.
If I had known that Mr. Russell was only
volunteering his assistance on the bridge, I would
not have allowed him to take the position he
did, or any one but my own officers. I have read
the chief parts of the contract, and I do not
consider the ship completed, according to that
contract, Up to the present time. Coming down
the river from Long Reach, Captain Comstock, at
my request, sometimes worked the steering appara-
tus to relieve my officers. He did this at my
request. I never requested Mr. Russell to take
charge of the engines on the bridge. Captain Com-
stock was my friend, but he obeyed my orders like
one of my own officers.
At this stage of the proceedings (half-past three)
the Court adjourned for an hour and a half, and had
not rc-assembled when our parcel was despatched.

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ampton, Randall and Son.

MONSTIM REVIVAL MEETING AT

ARMAGH.

(Fro;; the Special Correspondent of the Tones.)
BELFAST, SEPT. 16.
The most recent phenomenon of the religious
agitation in Ireland is a " revival" of the' monster

meetings" of former clays. The old machinery of
politics is put in motion again in the cause of reli-
gion. In both it may be an object to increase or
prolong an excitement, or prevent it from abating.
For this something out of the common course is ne-
cessary-. So as the ordinary political meeting was
expanded to the dimensions of a Clontarff or Tara
gathering, the usual devotional exercises of a quiet
congregation can be magnified in their scale, and
changed into a great day of field preaching. This
has just been done for the " revival" of the north of
Ireland. After some months of reported" awaken-
ings" and deepened religious " anxiety" in indi-
viduals and communities throughout the whole
province of Ulster, an attempt was to be made to
concentrate the movement, and exhibit it in one
extensive manifestation of the " work." The
leaders of it would thus be mutually encouraged by
being brought together, and those who might attend
the ministrations would, it was hoped, be confirmed
in seriousness, or even aroused to that " deep con-
viction of sin," which is the necessary stage of tran-
sition to the final object of all awakening, an " as-
surance of pardon." These were the ends to be
obtained at a " great revival prayer meeting for all
Ireland," held at Armagh on the 14th inst. The
objects contemplated are described in the language
of the advertisements and announcements of the
gathering. But the style is not fitted for mere nar-
ration, and to give an account of the actual pro-
ceedings I must fall back again into the modes of
speech employed by the outside world.
The "friends of the cause" in Belfast had made
arrangements with the managers of the Ulster Rail-
' way Company to run a cheap train to Armagh on
the occasion ; the distance is about 30 miles, and the
return was covered by a fare of ls. 6d. It was a
very cheap excursion. The fare, of course, did not
permit any luxury of accommodation, so the train
consiste i wholly of third-class carriages and cattle
vans. It was announced that the company
would not issue a single ticket beyond the number
of passengers it could convey comfortably. In this
community, at this time, and on this occasion of all
others, it might have been expected that the rail-
way managers would have kept faith with an anxi-
ous public. But I am sorry to say the besetting
sin of all railway boards is as strong at Belfast as
anywhere else. As many tickets were sold as pos-
sible, and the engagement kept with the minimum
of wear and tear to the rolling stock. Money was
taken just as readily as if a mere profane spectacle
awaited us at the end of the journey, and the most
reprehensible pleasure excursionists could not have
bec-,n kept longer waiting or been more tightly
packed. This was the case in starting from Bel-
fast. At the intermediate stations, where tickets
had been sold with the most cheerful readiness all
the morning, the difficulty was solved in the coolest
manner—by leaving the expectants behind ; and
the train passed along amid howls of disappoint-
ment from those who were " staying for waftage."
They were picked up, I heard, two hours later, by
_ _

a " scratch' train of cattle waggons and ballast
trucks, and arrived on the prayer ground when the
proceedings were more than half over. The Com-
pany promised too much, and the delay produced
an unchristian amount of bad temper.
The meeting itself was to be " for all Ireland,"
and it was exyccted that eminent divines would at-
tend it, specially, from " the three kingdoms."
Rumour even included Mr. Spurgeon and—singular
combination—the Bishop of Exeter in the list. The
result, in the present state of the public mind, might
have been anticipated to be something extraordinary.
But on the closest observation I could not so rate it.
Belfast is a city of some 130,000 inhabitants, and is
the head. and centre of this movement ; yet it would
have been a very liberal calculation that could
have made 800 of the number that filled the great
prayer meeting train. The platform was not in-
conveniently crowded, and the unusual excite-
ment described in the local reports exists only in
the prevailing disposition in all who are mixed up
with the agitation to see an excitement in every-
thing. Even a congregation that exhibits the ordi-
nary external appearance of people in a place of
worship I have seen described as " solemnly im-
pressed." The same might be said with quite as
much truth of any London congregation at this
moment, except St. George's in the East. The dis-
count to be taken of all the local descriptions of the
agitation is very large.
The people assembled were the well-dressed,
orderly representatives of the middle class, of the
lower rather than the higher section of it. Had
not many of them carried prayer-books, the pur-
poeeof the day could not have been guessed from
their demeanour. A few men of the serious east
were comparing and culling out texts and hymns,
arranging the order of the proceedings on the
ground, probably, but otherwise there was not
much of the "impressed" look about the whole
party. Some were decidedly of the carnal world,
as subsequently appeared.
Some time after the hour appointed, the train
started ; it was a slow one, but in due course,
leaving the flax fields and bleaching grounds of the
country round Belfast, and also the expecting pas-
sengers at the intermediate points, behind, it pulled
up at Portaclown, and made a long stop. As time
wore on without moving, the thing was growing
tedious. At last a small party struck up a hymn,
but the effect was not quite what I should have
expected. So far from all joining in, some persons
in another compartment hooted and whistled, and
expressed unmistakeable contempt of the manifes-
tation. The pious sang on steadily ; so the oppo-
sition gave out two lines of a burlesque hymn, the
words of which will not bear type, and sang it,
without mitigation or remorse of voice, with a run-
ning accompaniment of more hoots and more
whistling. So it proceeded, " strophe" and " anti-
strophe "—a very unseemly contrast—for some
time. Finally, the trein moved on again, the sing-
ing ceased, and the comparative harmony of silence
was restored. The vein, however, had been touched,
and bursts of vocal fervour were heard occasionally
during the rest of the journey from different car-
riages along the line. The malcontents were satis-
fied by getting on again, and offered no further in-
terruption. The effect of all this was not edifying,
but the reverse. The opposition was indecent;
but what provoked it was execrable as music, and,
as sentiment, out of place. -
After this incident, there could be no doubt that
all the passengers by the great prayer-meeting
train had not the same object. On arriving at Ar-
magh, fully half the number, instead of turning
into the prayer field, close to the railway station,
left it behind them, walked into the town, and dis-
persed into the houses and side streets. I saw them
go certainly ; I did not see them return. Why
should they have come at all, then, it may be
asked ? " Sixty miles for eighteen pence" is the
answer. The prayer-meeting train was a cheap
opportunity of deing a little worldly business. And
I felt slightly " sold," after hearing so much of Bel-
fast piety, to find it so much alloyed by Belfast
thrift.
The meeting " for all Ireland" was held in a
gently sloping grass field, a few minutes' walk from
the railway ; there was a wide prospect from it,
over a well wooded country. The weather was very
fine for the occasion, with a fresh- breeze and a
bright sun. At the foot of the slope, and facing
up the descent, a small platform was pitched, with
a sheet of canvas spread on a pole behind it. In
front of this primitive erection the people gathered
in a circular mass. The services consisted of ad-
dresses or sermons, alternating with hymns. Nine
or ten reverend gentlemen relieved each other in
the' Work of the afternoon on this, the chief point
of the meeting. The addresses that excited most
attention were those of the Hon. and Rev. B. Noel,
and the Rev. Mr. Moore of Ballymena, the place
where the movement is said to have commenced.
The platform was intended to be the centre of the
day's proceedings ; the best preachers spoke from
it, men of education and training in their office.
But such an agitation cannot be entirely controlled
by the regular ministers of the different churches.
They approve it, and go with it ; but there are ex-
tremes to which moderate and well educated men,
however pious, cannot go. Yet they must accept
the co-operation of a host of ignorant fanatics, and
of no inconsiderable number of those zealots whose
zeal is half imposture, or always ready to slide
wholly into it. Sosne of the clergy are beginning
at last to see this, and are endeavouring, though
fiat too timidly as a body, to check the horrible
abuses that have lately sprung up amid this
" revival."
The Armagh meeting might have opened their
cs.oe as to the sort of men who will be the real
leaders of this movement among the lowest class.
It. is " regretted" that on this great occasion the
peophi could not he kept at the centre of intelligence
and piety combined. They broke into separate
audiences round more violent and more exciting
preachers. There were at one time five smaller
circles in the field, besides the main body. And
can assert that the most successful preachers, tested
by the amount of " mental agony" they produced
in t he listeners, were not the ten ordained minis-
ters. 'This display of internal suffering is regarded
as the proof of the " operation of the spirit," which
is not supposed to triumph entirely till the patient
is "struck down ;" just short of this are these
'• deeply affected." It was in the circle round the
wildest and most incoherent preachers that the
most numerous cases of the " deeply affected" were
to he seen. Where "divine religion" was actually
being made " a rhapsody of words," there the most
effect was produced. In one. group I counted 20

poor wretches on their knees at the feet of an ill-
looking, vulgar, and evidently ignorant man, who
was consigning all the universe to perdition with
extreme energy. At every sentence the prostrate
creatures groaned and grovelled in the earth, and.
shouted " amen" and " Jesus" in constant repeti-
tion ; another batch of sinners (this time taken from
those now looking on"), were sent to hell in the
most distinct manner, then came more groans and
more ejaculations of " Amen," as if it had been a
prayer for a blessing on them. Two images were
continually repeated throughout this fanatic's ad-
dress—he appeared to have no others—the fire of
hell in every form, and the blood of Christ. On
these he raved furiously till he was satisfied or
exhausted, for he did stop at last. I could not see
that he had produced more effect at the close of his
address than at the beginning. The number of
the " affected" had not increased, and those round
him looked on with the same expression of mere curi-
osity as if they were watching a chymical expe-
riment. I could not anywhere observe any inter-
mediate state between those who remain quite
unmoved and those whom such preaching drives to
the very verge of madness—often beyond it. Reli-
gious terror, thus fostered, seems to select a few
victims, but leaves the great mass untouched. Of
all that is said about an improved life, and " awak-
ening," in this greater number, I do not believe one
word. They look on, and go out to see, just this
display of misery, as they would go to see any
ether sight, and are accessories before the fact to
what is almost worse than murder—the extinction
of reason in their fellow man. In all probability
of cases of " prostration" occurring consists the in-
terest of a " revival" meeting. I note in all the re-
ports of them an expression or tone of disappoint-
ment if no one has been " struck down."
In the minor circles of auditors—that were as
satellites in the main body of the meeting—there
were preachers quite as ignorant, but of a different
kind of fanaticism to that of the Terrorist. One
was a case of " full assurance ;" he was perfectly
contented, and wished to make others so. He was
a short man, with a well-fed look, and en oily, bald
head; he dealt with:promise rather than judgment,
and maintained that the elect were the happiest
people on the face of the earth. But he had very
few auditors ; there was no chance of his frighten-
ing any one into a fit. Generally, the active agents
in the various groups were singularly hard-featured,
many even ill-looking men. One leader was an
exact reproduction of the Puritan in many of the
caricatures of the time of the Commonwealth ; he
was the " low" ideal of that day exactly repeated.
In every circle singing was a favourite, and fre-
quent exercise, and, as in the railway train, bad to
a degree that cannot be described.
Of the number present varying estimates are
given, as usual. The main body of the meeting was
a pretty compact circular mass, fronting the plat-
form. I walked round it several times, and every
point of the extreme circumference was quite within
reach of the speakers' voices. The whole space the
congregation covered did not exceed that of the
area beneath the dome of St. Paul's ; assuming thot
6,000 can stand where 3,000 can sit, the former
would be about the number of the central mass ;
the five or six groups round the irregular preachers
might include 3,000 more ; but there was a con-
stant passing from one to another during the day,
and between the town and the field. There could
not have been more than 10,000 present. It is a
large number to gather at a field preaching ; but
for " all Ireland" it is not overwhelming. What be-
came of the " deeply affected" I do not know, but
the result appeared to me very small in proportion
to the machinery employed on the occasion.
The ground began to clear before four o'clock,
and at five the special trains were beginning to
return.

CRIMINAL COURT, Sept. 19.

OLD COURT,

George Allan, an elderly man of respectable ap-
pearance, surrendered to take his trial upon a charge
of wilful and corrupt perjury.
Mr. F. H. Lewis conducted the prosecution ; Mr.
Doyle was counsel for the defendant.
This charge arose out of a plaint that was pre-
ferred in the Woolwich County Court, when the
present defendant sued the prosecutor for an account
which he alleged to be due to him for goods' and
work done by him. Upon the hearing of the plaint
the prosecutor, Mr. T. S. Wood, a carpenter and
builder, residing in the neighbourhood of Deptford,
at which place the defendant carries on the business
of a blacLismith, produced a receipt for £2 as part
of a set off, and he alleged that this sum had been
lent by him to the defendant on Nov. 18, 1858.
'this receipt was repudiated altogether by the do-.
fendant, and he swore that no such sum of money
was lent to him on the day mentioned, and this was
the material allegation of perjury upon which the
present indictment was sought to be supported.
Mr. Doyle made a very able speech to the jury
for the defence, and he called witnesses who gave a
different version to the statement alleged to have
been made by the defendant before the county court
judge. The defendant also received an excellent
character from a number of respectable witnesses.
The Recorder having summed up,
The jury almost immediately returned a verdict
of ngt guilty.
Henry Woodrow Mann, 17, a genteel-looking
youth, pleaded guilty to several indictments charg-
ing him with stealing cheques, and also a gold
watch and chain value £25.
Mr. Poland was instructed to prosecute; Mr.
Robinson was counsel for the defence.
The prisoner, who was stated to be very respect-
ably connected, pleaded guilty to the whole of the
charges, and Mr. Robinson urged, as mitigating
circumstances, his youth, and the temptations to
which he had been exposed by the absence of his
master, during which he had stolen the property
that was the subject of the different indictments.
The Recorder sentenced the prisoner to three
years' penal servitude.
James Hunt, 29, pleaded guilty to an indictment
which charged him with being feloniously at large
in this country before the expiration of a period of
transportation to which he had been sentenced.
Mr. Orridge, who appeared for the prisoner, said
he was instructed to state that he was sentenced
to transportation for 10 years in the year 1851 for
burglary, it being his first offence. He was sent
abroad, and conducted himself so well that in 1854
a ticket of leave was granted to him, and in 1856
he received a conditional pardon, the condition, of
course, being that he should not return to England.
It appeared that some property was afterwards left
to him, and in 1858, at the solicitation of his friends
he came to this country, where he had conducted
himself in a most respectable and creditable manner
down to the period when he was taken into custody.
The Recorder said that the Court was compelled
by the statute to pass a certain sentence.
andinsuhehe
cases, but he would respite the judgment ,
at the same- time expressed an. opinion that it was
a case in which the Secretary of State would inter-
fere to relieve the prisoner from any further punish-
ment.

NEW COURT.
(Before Mr. Commissioner Kerr.)
Thomas Rowe surrendered to take his trial for
having stolen a quantity of bricks, the property of
our Lady the Queen, valued at £2.
Mr. Clark prosecuted, and Mr. Ribton and Mr.
Dunbar defended.
It appeared that the defendant is a builder at
Woolwich, and had been engaged at the arsenal,
where some alterations were going on in the cloth-
ing stores. The defendant was at the same time
engaged in building some houses of his own in
the town. Whilst the defendant was so engaged,
Mr. Stratton. Whittaker, surveyor of the works at
Woolwich, received an anonymous letter, and, act-
ing upon the information which it contained, he went
to the houses being built by defendant, and there
found a quantity of bricks, which had been at the
prisoner's direction carted froM the dockyard, hav-
ing formed part of those taken down for the
alterations. _ _

The defence set up was that another person in the
dockyard had sold defendant the bricks.
The jury found the defendant guilty of receiving
the bricks knowing them to have been stolen.
Sentence was deferred.

William Denbigh Sloper Marshall, 31, clerk, was
indicted for feloniously marrying Jane Hayes, his
wife being then and still alive.
Mr. Carteen prosecuted and Mr. Doyle and Mr.
Best defended.
It was proved that in July, 1853, the prisoner was
married at Paddington Church to Sophia Frost
Dawson, and upon the 28th of June, 1859, at St.
George's, Hanover-square, to Jane Hayes.
The second wife, a fashionably-attired middle-
aged woman, wearing a profusion of bugle orna-
ments on her bonnet and mantle, said she had no
Introduction to the prisoner before marriage, having
only met him by chance. She knew him about three
months before their marriage. She was a widow
having property, which the prisoner had not
touched. The prisoner stated to her that he had an
estate at Croydon, and he introduced her to a gentle-
man in the City, named Moyes, who, he said, was a
merchant.
Mr. Doyle, for the prisoner, said that he could
not resist a verdict of guilty, but urged, in mitiga-
tion of sentence, that the prosecutrix had not suf-
fered any serious wron.
The jury retururd a verdict of guilty.
The prisoner, whose appearance is far from pre-
possessing, and somewhat indicative of a want of
intellect, in a crying tone said he had been drawn
into the marriage, that the prosecutrix took him to
Ramsgate, where she lived with him as his wife,