The Sun.
London, England, 1866-07-23 00:00:00

the first instance line wasformed at the Wimbledon
side of the common, but, to repulse a supposed flank
attack, front was changed, and the entire force
brought to the crest of the valley, separating the
level common from the ridge, on the crest of which
most of the rifle butts are erected. A very smart
artillery fire was here maintained, extremely credit-
able to those corps engaged (the Hon. Artillery, 2d
Surrey Battery, Ist Middlesex Brigade, and Ist
London Artillery) ; and next, one of the most pic-
turesque movements of the day, the London Scot-
tish, 3d London, and Engineers, drove an imaginary
line of skirmishers from the butts. Heavy and well
sustained firing from the Ist City of London and
the Artillery closed the movements at this point. A
general retreat across the common was ordered, and
by this means a proper disposition of the regiments
was effected, and the march past commenced.
During the evolutions the Princess of Wales, accom-
panied by the Duke of Edinburgh, Lady C. Gros-
venor, and Lady Spencer, had been driving about
through the ranks in an open carriage.
The Prince of Wales meanwhile had laid aside his
civilian costume, worn at the earlier ceremony, and
appeared on horseback, with the Commander-in-
Chief, in the uniform of his military rank. The
royal party having
taken their places at the flag-
staff, the march past was steadily performed, and
more than the usual cordiality of cheering was
accorded to Lord Elcho and the London Scottish,
and likewise to the London Irish. Other favourite
corps were noticed with approval, but in the case of
the two former there appeared to be a special
warmth of reception.

It is to be regretted that officers on these occa-
sions do not always take the trouble necessary to
preserVe the proper distances between their com-
panies, which would add so much to the appearance
of their regiments, but this, of course, wherever it
could be complained of, is not a failing peculiar to
the Wimbledon Review.

The royal party remained to dinner at The Cot-
tage, and at 10 o'clock a display of fireworks, includ-
ng the now celebrated Jennison balloon, was made
,n their honour.

The Constitution of the United States.

Though we have seen what extraordinary powers
a President can assume, yet in theory his authority
is by no means equal to that of a monarch of these
realms. He is Commander-in-Chief of the land
and naval forces, but the States Militia only comes
under his control when the Union has need of their
services. He can pardon all Offences except the
abuse of authority, which very properly the Senate
withholds, otherwise the chief of the nation might
incite this abuse in his own interest, and shield the
delinquents by the exercise of his authority. Posts
can only be filled by him with the sanction of the
Senate, but Congress may expressly delegate to him
the power of filling all minor appointments. With
the assent of two-thirds of the Senators he can con-
clude treaties, name Ambassadors, Ministers, Con-
suls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other
functionaries not provided by the Constitution ; and
he can also fill vacancies which may occur between
the Sessions, to be held to the end of the ensuing
term. In case of dispute in Congress on the ques-
tion of adjournment, the President can fix the time,
and he can, when an emergency arises, convoke either
or both the Chambers for an extraordinary Session.
He can disallow any bill passed by the Chambers,
when the bill is returned with his remarks for
further debate, but if then passed by a majority of
two-thirds of both Chambers the bill becomes law
without his sanction. The Constitution allows 10
days for his Veto, when, if no action be taken by
him, the measure comes into force. He must re-
ceive all Ambassadors and Ministers, watch over the
faithful execution of the laws, and deliver Commis-
sions to all functionaries of the United States. From
time to time it is his duty to report fully to Congress
the state of the nation, and the measures he con-
siders necessary to submit for discussion. No can.
didate is eligible for President unless born a citizen
of the United States, unless over 35 years of age,
and unless a resident in the Union 14 years. The
Chamber of Representatives only can arrest the
President, and the Senate only dispose of the
charge. The majority to convict him must be two-
thirds, and the only sentence that can be awarded
is deprivation of office. The President then be-
comes a simple citizen of the Union, and amenable
to the laws for the crime he has committed.
The Constitution invests all legislative power in
Congress, composed of the Senate and Chamber of
Representatives. The former consists of two
Senators from each State, elected by each State for
a period of six years. These elections are so
managed that one-third arrive at the end of their
term every two years. The number of two for
each State is fixed without regard to its size, wealth,
or population. They are elected by the Legisla-
tures of each State, and are only qualified when 30
years of age, nine years citizens of the United
States, and inhabitants of the States to be repre-
sented. The Vice-President of the Republic pre-
sides, and has the power to give a casting vote, but
takes no part in the debates. The Representatives
are elected for two years by all male citizens over
21 years of age. They must be over 25 years of
age, seven years citizens of the Union, and inhabi-
tants of the States for which they are returned.
The number for each State is in proportion to its
inhabitants, and to prevent the indefinite increase
of the Chamber, as the population increases the
number authorised to return a Representative is
increased also. At present that number is fixed at
30,000 souls, but each State has a right to at least
one Representative. The census is taken every 10
years. Congress must assemble at least once every
year, and the Constitution names the first Monday
in December for opening the Chambers. To change
this day requires a special law. During the Session
the members are inviolable, except in the case o
high treason. The Representatives have the ex

elusive right of voting the imposts, but the Senate
can amend these bills. The Representatives choose
their own President, who takes part in the debates.
Both Chambers sit in public. When a disagree-

ment occurs between them on any bill, the subjec
is referred to a Committee named by each

Neither Chamber can adjourn for more than three
days without the consent of the other, nor move
from the locality where Congress is held.
The Judicial Power belongs to the different Courts
created by the Constitution, as exclusively as the
Legislative Power belongs to Congress, and the
Executive Power belongs to the President. A Su-

preme Court presides, consisting of one Chief Judge
and eight Assistant Judges, of whom five suffice to
give validity to its deliberations. It holds a Court

each year at the seat of Government, adjourning
on the day the Constitution names for the assembly
of Congress. Tjae judges are named by the Presi-
dent with the consent of the Senate, they receive
a fixed salary, and hold office during good be-
haviour. The powers of the Supreme Court are of
two kinds. It possesses exclusive jurisdiction in all
civil cases where the State is plaintiff, and affecting
International interests, and it possesses a
power on
appeal which places it above all other tribunals of
the Republic, whose judgment it can in
certain

cases reverse and set aside.
But what is really remarkable is its power of de-
claring an Act emanating from Congress, or from
the Legislature of a State of the Union, null and
void. It has, therefore, the power of testing the
legality of Acts, by the Supreme Law of the Con-
stitution, and on discovering such Acts to be re-
pugnant to the spirit of the. Constitution, of setting
ngress. Both
these Acts aside. For instance, Congress has passed
a Reconstruction Bill, the President withheld his
sanction, and sent the Act back to Co
Chambers passed the bill by the legal majority of
ef a
two-thirds, and that bill intohascomeforce as
ysateinin which that
the Supreme
lawlaN law. But
the
operative Gmo Governor
rn
testor o
its legalityu
Court, and if the J d,
u Judges of that , Court hold
spirit of the Constitution that the
is violat
it will be their duty to , ed- by that law
Act to be null and ' set it aside, declaring the
void.—An 1 A
90- merican Times.

Business in the Corn Market has been very inac-
tive, and, in consequence of the fine weather and
considerable foreign importations, both home grown
and foreign wheat have declined 2s. to 3s. per
quarter.