The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1866,

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LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1866,

The stately hospitalities of the venerable Corpora-
tion of London were last night exhibited with more
than the usual amount of splendour in honour of the
Earl of DERBY and his colleagues. Almost all the
most conspicuous members of the Conservative
party in both Houses were present. Not many
weeks ago the same brilliant festivities welcomed the
rival chiefs whose days of power were already num-
bered, so that the Lord Mayor has had the pleasure
of receiving two Prime Ministers within a
very brief space. The Earl of DERBY'S
speech was, of course, the event of the evening.
Though the addresses of his coadjutors were
listened to with interest, General PEEL and Sir JOHN
PAKINGTON, speaking on behalf of their respective

departments, did not fail to express their

conviction that the best means of securing peace
was to be fully equipped for war. General PEEL,
referring to the great victories recently won on the
Continent, declared that he believed them to be en-
tirely due to the superior organisation and equipment
and the superior arms possessed by one of the belli-
gerents. This belief, he added, had only confirmed
the opinion which he had always entertained of the
importance of preserving the equipments of an army
in the greatest efficiency, When the British troops
were armed with the breech-loader now being pre-
pared, he believed, from what he knew of other
armies, that they will be equal in equipment and in
arms to any troops in the world. The First Lord
of the Admiralty, while promising to avoid
all unnecessary expenditure, boldly declared
that we must never forget that we had
to protect an extended empire and a vast

commerce. There is perhaps no department of the

public service which most Englishmen are more wil-
ling to support than the Navy—a fact which has
been taken full advantage of by successive Boards
of Admiralty. Sir JOHN PAKINGTON need not fear

that the country will begrudge him the necessary
expenditure. It is only when the money so readily
voted makes such a poor and unsatisfactory return
that public irritation is naturally expressed, and
when, after voting enormous estimates for several
years, we are told that England is behind other na-
tions instead of before them, there is no wonder
that the next demands are closely scrutinised.
Lord DERBY, whom the Lord MAYOR presented to
the company with a quotation from Homer, proved
his right to be associated with

" The smooth-tongued chief,
From whose persuasive lips
Sweeter than honey How'd
The stream of speech,"

by touching with all his customary eloquence on
the various topics that claimed his attention. The

language of party should, he said, on such occa-
sions, be silent, and he was well aware that the
cordial invitation of his host was not due to any
sympathy of political feeling; but he passed to those
subjects which, though in one sense political, were
beyond the reach or influence of party feeling. The
difficulties which encountered his Cabinet on their
accession to office were, he said, very great. It
was a time of great monetary pressure, the effects
of the cattle plague were still weighing down the
agricultural :bitterest, the Continent was convulsed
by war, and a pestilence was threatening our people
at such a moment. The assumption of executive
functions involves no slight responsibility, even
although we are in the enjoyment of many blessings
which compensate in a great measure for the
dangers and the evils which threaten us ? Our
commerce is rapidly extending, our working classes
have plentiful employment, and get on the whole fair
remuneration. We have the prospect of an abun-
dant harvest, and, above all, we are in the enjoyment
of the blessings of peace. The primary object of any
English Ministry, said Lord DERRY, must be the
maintenance of that tranquillity which is essential
to the development of the extended trade of our
great commercial empire. The great event of the
week—the reception of messages from New York by
the submarine telegraph—could not, of course,
be passed over on such an occasion. To
the citizens of London the establishment of
such a means of communication is all important,
and Lord DERBY'S reference to those triumphs of
peace, which excelled the achievements of war, was
received with loud cheering. No greater triumph
could, he said, be possible than the union of the
two continents of Europe and America ; and the
closeness of that union he illustrated by stating that
he had received that day at half-past one o'clock a
telegram from New York, dated that morning,
informing him, among other things, of the arrival
of a British vessel at New York the evening before.
" I ask those," continued the noble earl, " who
are connected with the commerce of this country,
and with its great trading interests, whether looking
forward they can imagine or conceive the effect
which may be accomplished by this great under.
taking, when London and New York are thus
brought not within weeks, or days, or even hours,
but almost within minutes of each other. Is there
any limit to the consequeunnceiosnwohficthwo benemasyhu
coun-
tries tries ?" All must
anti-
cipated from so close
a echothemnaoybbleinedatrhl'es
kindred
aspiration that this fresh link
peoples in the bond of harmony
and
Lord friendship.
D ERB
Coming to domestic matters,' dwelt
strongly upon the urgent necessity of enforcing
sanitary regulations. " I do not doubt," he said,
" that the Corporation of London will use all
the power intrusted to them for such a purpose.
But I do think it is important to impress upon all
the local authorities throughout this country how
greatly the mortality of the health of the people
depends upon the active and vigilant exercise by
them of the duties imposed upon them by the Legis-
lature." The danger is, as Lord DERBY justly ob-
served, most imminent. Every day's unnecessary
delay in dealing with the evil conditions of our
poorer parishes may cost a hundred lives. Surely
now is the time for our national energy and
vigour to show itself, and we hope that
the various boards and vestries will answer
Lord DERBY'S appeal by prompt and united action.
The noble lord promised on behalf ox his Adraui.

stration careful consideration of the questions
affecting the working classes, and concluded his
able and eloquent address by a tribute to those
muncipal institutions which he said were the
schools in which the whole population was trained
to the system of local government. The other
speeches and toasts passed off brilliantly, and the
Lord Mayor's entertainment was, as is usual with
City hospitalities, an undoubted success.

The preliminaries of peace are now before us,
and we see nothing in them to justify the assertions
that have been made as to the moderation of
Prussia. We suppose that some believed the inor-
dinate ambition of Herr BISMARCK would claim all
the territory he had conquered, but there are limits
even to the desires of Prussian statesmen. BB-
MARCK is too sharp not to know that it would be
no advantage to the Berlin Government to have
too much to look after at a distance from the capi-
tal, and many people who would not so readily
subscribe to their dictates as the States of Northern
Germany seem inclined to do. The only distinct work
that we can attribute to the intervention of France
is the preservation of the territorial integrity of
Saxony, and this is evidently in direct opposition
to the policy of. Prussia. As for the rest there is
nothing to be surprised at, when we consider who
are the conquerors; but the immense sums demanded
from Austria bespeaks plainly the inconsideration of
the victors, especially when we remember the finan-
cial difficulties under which that country already
labours. There is no chance of any abatement
being made in these demands, and if any
were credulous enough to credit that
Austria would have a chance of escaping
until she had paid the uttermost farthing,
they will find out their mistake when they see that
until the payment of the remaing sum be considered
secured Bohemia and Moravia will remain in Prus-
sian occupation. Austria secedes entirely from con-
federation with the German States, and requires the
formation of a close confederation of the north
German States under Prussian leadership. It is
evident that this has been the real object for which
the Prussians have fought, and all their talk about
moderation is quite absurd, and shows the ignorance
of those who credit it. By the laws of war the King
of PRUSSIA may retain the places he has taken
during the war without consulting their former
possessors. The arrangements made by Prussia as to
those States which she holds in military possession
now will be made subsequently, and no doubt they
will be incorporated with the Prussian Monarchy.
It is now said that Frankfort will be joined to the
Prussian rule. The measures for forcibly collecting
the war contributions have been suspended. In
point of fact, when the arrangements with Austria
are over, there will be an immense deal to be done
in the way of settlement with the other States who
have been unfortunate enough to become involved
in this disastrous struggle.
If one thing is more extraordinary than another,
it is to find people deceiving themselves with the
idea that it is a triumph to liberal principles for
Prussia to assume the sway over Northern Ger-
many. As for the talk about German unity, that
is all a myth ; there will be no unity, because there
will be no equality. If we have found cause to de-
nounce and deplore the state of things which
has existed in Prussia during the last few years
we shall find plenty more opportunity to
lament the course pursued in Germany. Where
Prussia is to have military control it is an insult to
common sense to talk about progress in a national
sense ; the States will be ten times worse off than
they were under the Princes who were condemned
as effete and useless. The inhabitants will now
find out that they have exchanged King LOG for
King STORK, and that they have the additional dis-
advantage of not being likely to improve
their condition for a long time. It is said
that the Emperor of Russia intends to
propose the convocation of a Congress of those.
Powers who signed the Treaty of Vienna. Perhaps
he thinks that at the eleventh hour he can render
some assistance to the fallen, but it is to be feared
that it is too late for any good to be done now.
Things must take their course, and time will show
that Prussia is about as sincere in her professions
about securing the progress and prosperity of Ger- '
many as she has been faithful in representing the
interests of her own people. Where selfishness
reigns supreme there is but little chance of meeting
with anything meritorious, and a more grasping
Government than that of Berlin never existed.

While we are eagerly scanning the news that
arrives from the Continent, and dwelling upon the
details of the war with interest, an enemy is at our
gates who may well inspire terror among the people,
and make the boldest hold their breath for a time.
The last report of the Registrar-General is indeed
a sad chronicle, and while it awakens pity for the
sufferers, it also gives rise to terror that, in the face
of all warnings and exhortations, so little should
have been done to prepare for the foe of whose
approach we were long ago notified. We can-
not admit the excuses of those who say that
this is a sudden visitation. It is no such thing.
Last year it was said by those best informed
that the Cattle Plague would be followed by the
cholera, and that if the coldness of the winter
months kept off the infection that the Spring or
Summer would see it among us. Notwithstanding
all this, however, we now find from incontrovertible
evidence that little or nothing has been done. It is
an important passage in the Registrar's return
which adverts to the fact that the authorities have
been, to some extent, paralysed, the nuisance in-
spectors are not sufficiently numerous, and neither
are the medical officers. No doubt, in many instances,
great exertions have been made to meet the emer-
gency that has arisen, but it may truly be said that
the work of preparation should have been made
before the disease broke out. The part of the me-
tropolis to which the disease is almost entirely con-
fined speaks plainly as to the cause to which we
may attribute its violent outbreak. Want of clean-
liness, want of ventilation, and ignorance of the
laws of health have been the chief causes of the
fearful loss of life which took place last week. It
seems almost incredible that year after year the
same gross carelessness should prevail in regard
ttoo stahneitartyrutah of the mhenstsag in theone.yinEvery“ s
ong subscribedof
the Shirt," "It is not linen you're wearing
out, but human creatures' lives," and still more
correctly may it be affirmed that those who allow
houses which are their property to remain in a state
unfit for human habitations are sacrificing the
health and endangering the lives of their occupants.
The poor and ignorant are often culpably indiffe-
rent, but nothing can excuse those who, with better
knowledge, permit so faulty a state of things to
continue. Last Tuesday an inquiry was held as to
the death of a boy of nine. The evidence that was
forthcoming showed how matters are carried on at
the fatal East-endit ofis n
owonderLondon. that Heat he
ed
did
typhoid fever, and
so, for the state of his dwelling was most
aterneahndthrea-t
aideplorable,ned
stagnant,
w ta gn
aa
nt water pporuordeudo
ninto
ut
ehhe cae Ils
Ps
c;a ria leed w
oute r ea
huonnwi t
oncel li nto g
in half
aeffn tae r
year,
it.
aTnhde n do uws ta
twe
ra
butt was allowed, the drains were untrapped, an

no whitewashing had been done for years. The
jury justly blamed the parish authorities for allow-
ing the premises to remain in such a condition as
they had been told of it some time before. There
was also difficulty interposed at the Bethnal-green
workhouse about giving an order, whereby time was
lost, and this was also commented upon in the
verdict. The worst of all is that this description
may serve for numerous other dwellings ; their
name is legion, and until some decisive measures
are adopted to enforce more attention to sanitary
arrangements, we may expect the cholera to visit
our shores every year, and to carry off those whom
foul air and wretched dwellings have rendered in-
capable of resisting its attacks.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Wednesday Evening.
The fact mentioned in the despatches from Vera
Cruz of the capture of Matamoras, to which I
alluded yesterday, seems to me to be considered of
more importance than was at first imagined. A re-
port of it was circulated before, but there seemed to
be some doubt about it. Matamoras is a place of
some consequence, situated on the right bank of the
River Grande-del-Norte, which separates Mexico
from Texas. It was for a long time vigorously de-
fended by General Mejia, who appreciated its im-
portance in a strategic point of v:ew. The occupa-
tion of Matamoras prevented the Juaristes who
might assemble in that part of the United States
called the Territories from crossing the river and
penetrating into the interior of the country. They
Awliellxincoanlonsgoeirl. leavehean
do not say
whether any French troops have been sent to-
yrallying point upon the
despatches
to-
wardsMatamoras. Some of the Paris papers express
a hope that this w'll not be the case and give an
opinion that the Emperor Max;millan ought to un-
dertake the task of pacifying Mexico, and that no
more French blood should be shed with that ob-
ject. According to a private letter, the Republican
army, which compelled the surrender of Matamoras,
was 4,000 strong. At first, although General
Mejia had a very trifling force at his command, he
determined upon resistance to the uttermost, but at
a Council of War, at which the leading merchants
were present, the idea of resistance was abandoned
as useless, and the town was given up to Generals
Escobedo and Carvagal, and the French troops
retired.

A correspondent of the Siecle, at Eisgrub, for-
wards to that paper a plan of Sadowa, and says
that the battle there on the 3d of July ought to
be called the battle of Koniggratz. He gives a
succinct and lucid explanation of the strategic
arrangements of the Austrians, and mentions
facts more or less known to show the causes
which led to the success of the Prussians.
In conclusion, the writer gives the following ac-
count of the result ;_« The Austrian and Saxon
army endeavoured to escape by Koniggratz. A
portion of the Cavalry marched upon Pardubitz.
The greater number of the detachments, however,
were thrown into confusion, and the order of battle
entirely shaken ; 174 pieces of cannon, more than
18,000 prisoners, and 14 flags fell into the hands of
the Prussians. Had it not been for the coming of
night the Austrian army would have been almost
entirely destroyed. The Austrians confess that they
lost 40,000 men, whilst the loss to the Piussians,
according to the official accounts, did not exceed
10,000. The Austrian army never before expe-
rienced such a defeat. It was impossible to restore
order, even on the following days. Cannon, mate-
rial, baggage, columns of munitions, pro zisions and
guns and swords abandoned, sacks thrown upon the
roads, and, above all, the immense number of persons
continually arriving, prove almost the entire disso-
lution of the vanquished army."
A private letter from Italy completely disproves
the report circulated by some of the Paris papers
that Garibaldi ordered his soldiers to set fire to the
village of Berecca, in the valley of Ledro. The
village was set on fire by the Austrian artillery.
They fired upon it from six rifled cannon. As soon
as Garibaldi was able to regain possession of Berecca
he took the most vigorous and energetic measures
to isolate the flames and succour the unfortunate
inhabitants of the village. Count Martini de neva
and Trentin, Garibaldi's sub-lieutenant, undertook
to organise a subscription for their relief. Gari-
baldi had a very narrow escape at this engagement.
eal's
enemy carriageaim aimed,
w
One of his
d
At the critical moment when the battleas the
appeared
to u
b ees
a lost chief
point whichtheGeneral's
the
Giannini, of Florence, had his leg frac-
turedgl\t.
by a shell, which burst at the carriage door.
The guide, who was on horseback on the other side
of the carriage, had his horse killed by a bullet.
A very extraordinary encounter between a rat
and an elephant has taken place at the Garden of
Plants, which was witnessed with intense interest
by hundreds of persons. The keepers were engaged
in
nhedm escapedestroying a great number of rats, when one of
and ran to the spot allotted to the
elephant. Seeing no other refuge, in the twinkling
of an eye, the rat snugly ensconced himself in the
trunk of the elephant, evidently very much to his
dissatisfaction. He stamped his foot and twisted
round his trunk like the sail of a windmill. After
these evolutions he stood suddenly still, evidently re-
flecting on what was best to be done. He then ran
to the basin where he is accustomed to drink, and
plunged his trunk into the water. He then re-
turned to his den, and, raising his trunk, with
the water he absorbed
he dashed out the unfor-
tunate rat which was in a volume of water like
that issuing from a fire-engine. When the rat
fell to the ground, the elephant seized him and made
him undergo this immersion and projection four
times. At the fourth throw the rat fell dead. The
elephant, with a majestic air, but cool and placid,
crushedeawent
annoyingthe little enemy with his foot, and
hspectators to make his usual
collection of ca
kes, sugar, and other dainties. The
trocandes to ,
feat was received with unanimous and vociferous
applause, which the elephant seemed fully to under-
stand and appreciate.

M. de Lesseps has returned to Paris from Egypt•
He has brought with him three stallions, three
mares, and two ponies of pure breed, the most
beautiful ever produced in the East.
It appears from further researches made by the
police at Rennes, at the house of the railway clerk
charged with stealing 40,000 f. from the railway
company at that town, that nearly the whole of the
money has been found either in the cellar or on the
roof. The clerk has been arrested, and he will be
tried for the robbery at the next assizes for the de-
partment of Ille-et-Vilaine.

The Italian papers give some characteristic anec-
dotes respecting the Italian fleet after the battle of
Lissa. On the 26th July there was an affecting
ceremony on board the iron-clad ship Ancona. A
deputation of the municipality of Ancona presented
to M. Piola Casella a flag, on which is inscribed
" The city of Ancona to the Italian navy." The
commander of the AnCona replied in these noble
terms :—" The flag with which you have entrusted
me will shine in future battles, supported by our
courage and the abnegation of all, and never will
it tarnish our glory by descending from the spot
where it has been hoisted." Count Fao di Bruns,
commander of the ship Re-d'ltalia, after the aban-
donment of that ship by the admiral, fought with
rare intrepidity in the midst of a shower of balls
and bullets. He was killed by a bullet before the
shock of the three iron-clad ships of the enemy
sunk his vessel. The Na:ione of Turin says that
the Italian Government is about to publish an im-
portant and interesting account of the battle of
Lissa.

A man named Louis Collignon, aged 42, and his
sister, the wife of a man named Pouillot, have been
tried for the murder of a little girl of nine years
old by drowning her in the river Seine. The child
was the daughter of Pouillot by a former wife, and
there was also a son. These children, it appeared,
were a source of continued quarrels, and the evi-
dence went to prove that the prisoners concerted
together to murder the girl. The jury found both
prisoners guilty, and Collignon was condemned to
death. They, however, gave their opinion that

there were " extenuating circumstances" in the case
of the woman, who was sentenced to hard labour
for life.

The coming fete of the Emperor on the 15th inst.
promises to be the most brilliant ever witnessed at
Paris. The preparations have commenced. There
will be various additional sights and effects. It is
said that the fireworks will be let off from the Seine
so as to produce brilliant bursts of light and refrac-
tion upon the river. There is a report that Blondin
will run upon a rope fixed at an altitude of 40 yards
from the Tuileries to the Arc d'Etoile, a distance
of at least a mile.

A visit of an illustrious foreigner is expected at
Paris, that of a Tributary Prince of China, sent by
the King of Coree..

This morning early the weather was again ex-
cessively cold, almost a frost, but it became warm
in the course of the day. The wind has been rather
violent, and the clouds were dark and lowering at
intervals.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE WAR IN GERMANY.
PADUA, August 1.

The Italian Government being without a reply
from Austria relative to the proposed armistice of
four weeks, General La Marmora telegraphed to
the Governor of the fortress of Segnano, pointing
out the consequences that might ensue if no reply
arrived from Austria before four o'clock to-morrow
morning, and proposing to him a second suspension
of hostilities for eight days in order to give time for
the diplomatic reply of the Austrian Government
to arrive.

The Governor of Segnano replied that he was
authorised by the commander of the army of opera-
tion to accept the proposed suspension of hostilities.
VIENNA, Aug. 1, Evening.

The King of Prussia left Nikolsburg yesterday.
Negociations for peace will be opened shortly at
Prague. Baron Brenner will represent the Austrian
and Baron von Werther the Prussian Government.
Wußzßuna, Aug. 1, Evening.

A convention has been concluded between Prince
Charles and General Manteuffel, according to which
a Prussian brigade will enter this town to-morrow
morning. The fortress and the suburbs remain in
the hands of the Bavarians.

GENOA, Aug. 1.

Signor Farini is dead.

OCCUPATION OF MANNHEIM AND
HEIDELBERG BY THE PRUSSIANS.
MANNHEIM, August 2.
The Prussian troops entered Mannheim and
Heidelberg last night.