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THE SUN, LONDON, TH UR SDAY E V i,NIN G, D. C EMBER 1, 1859
_

She had improved more in -these 27 years than in
any 27-years of her history. (Cheers) I luiciw very
well (said the hon, gentleman) that we have learned
since then to traverse the land as by lightning-
speed; I know we have been able, by -means of the
electric telegraph, to send a message from one part
of the glebe to the other, faster than the globe itself
travels ; we have been able to cross the Atlantic by
steam. We have freed the press of England, and
brought home to every man's door the life and light
of knowledge, . (Hear, hear,) We have freed not
only the press but --commerce, and England now
stands abroad as a light unto the nations. (Cheers.)
She alone of all mankind is a freetrader, and she is
the greatest trader ofall mankind. (Applause.) I
ask you, then, if we need fear a Reform Bill ? (No,
~no.) Taking the past effect for 27 years of Lord J.
Russell's first Reform Bill, I ask why need we fear
'to extend his liberality, and io take into the bosom
of the constitution the large masses of the working
classes ? (Hear, hear.) Mrs -Phinn has told you
that he is for progress. He also says that he is
willing to take a bit and bit reform. Now, I am not,
(Heals) I Mean to ask for, and by loudly asking for
we shall obtain, a complete reform of the representa-
tion of this coun try —(eheers)—an d w hen I see around
me the large mass of the working` classes, and know
their intelligence, and their hard-headed good sense,
their honesty; and their uprightness, I ask myself.
What have Ito fear ? But lam told that the work-
ing 'men have given evidence by their late conduct
that they are totally ur;fit to elect their legislators.
Is that so ? (No.) Is a mistake in political economy
to unfit a class to be,. ropsesented P if so, how did
it come that the landed gentry of the country were,
until the. year 184 the rulers of this country.
most at the sword's point we Tearried: the Reform
Bill. By rising up as one man we carried the reform
of the cosn laws. In spite of the landed-gentry,
these bad political economists, we • had the franchise.
Nell, then, I say, give to the people of England,
give to the working classes, the power to choose
their representatives. But then some old lady—
(laughter)S7comes to_ us and says, " Ah, but I don't
allow my son to go into the water till he can swim.:"
(Renewed laughter.) This is precisely the same ?s
to argue that until the people are fit for the -frati
ehise wo will. not let them have it. Give them the
franchise. They have shown that they possess in-
telligence; they have shown that they possess
honesty; and these two thine combined fit a man
to choqse representatives. I have never swerved in-
any one particular from the programme which I
laid down when I was here in 1832: I should be
a fool to say that time has not ,thiight me much.
I hope it has. But this I Via say, that if any
person has got the paper which contained the
programme of what I thought would be worked out
by the Reformed Parliament, he will find on look-
ing at it that almost everything I asked for has
been granted. There is one. thing. I asked. for
which has not been granted, and that is the
ballot. But that will come. (Loud cheers.)
The people of England go step by step, but they
are untiring.' What-they once demand they deter-
minedly pursue, and pursuing it they will obtain it.
(Cheers.) Be you assured, therefore, that sooner or
later the people of • England, including in that
name the large majority of the . inhabitants: of
this country, will be represeitted in • Parliament.
voting for members under the protection of the
ballot. (Loud cheers.) It is:lny belief that in
the coming session of Parliament we shall not have
reform. (Hear, hear.) This is my candid opinion.
I know that gentlemen differ from me. I hope that
I may be deceived, but I believe the present state of
Europe is such that men who are really not bent
upon reform will take advantagp of the turmoil that
will necessarily arise, and we shall have the whole
or nearly the whole time, taken Up by discussions on
foreign affairs; and herein conies the great effect of
the retrospect thatl wish to make. When I look
back to the England of 1832 I firid.the country tho-•
roughly peaceful. I find Europe in a perfect state
of peace as far as regarded foreign aggression ; and
I recollect that it warn totally impossible to raise in
the Reuse of CoMmons a discussion upon foreign
affairs. What is the. case now ? 'Why there rs rn
the public mind of Europe a vague feeling of alarm,
so that great men look roend ; they start at every
turn—start at every noise. Why is this ? My
learned friend was very‘gingerly in his talk of
the despot of France. It is he that has created
this turmoil. If he were to ;ay (and act upon
what he- says) France is peaceful, put down
her armiess and put down he navy, and enter
into competition with us id, • all the useful
arts of peace ; meet us as rivals, if you will—
friendly rivals—in the groat area of the improve.
ment of mankind, then we should be peaceful in
Europe. (Applause.) But that is not the case.
Now, what is the result to England ? Why, almost
the only thing men can talk of is volunteer corps
of riflemen. We lawyers have met- together and
formed a corps. We, who ought to be employed
in enforcing the law, not at the point of the bayonet,
aro put through the drill is our own halls, and
where we are accustomed to cat our dinners to-
gether, to exerc:se our rifles, (Laughter.) This is
the comparison of the two states of things. 'Eng-
land "in 1832 was enabled to work out her own
regeneration in perfect security. England in 1859
is obliged to arm her sons, from the farthest and of
Scotland down to the southern shores of England,
to arm them in the best way she can, and induce
tothere congregate to form rifle corps, in
order simlytopretetoge
protect tlelr'
themselves from aggression.
We have no desire.to attack anybody. England is
peaceful. (Applause.) . Her conquests are not to
be made by the Sword, or by the bullet. Her con-
quests are by her mind, by her art, and by her
sciences. I say this is the proud position of Eng-
land ; and he would be a dastard who would not
sacrifice his life, and the life of all that is dear to
him, in order to maintain hergreaness intact. (Loud
applause.) lam not afraid of my country—it is
not that I am afraid of my country, it is not that
I fear an attack. We shall put
,that
.down ; we
have put down great men, we need not fear little
men. (Laughter and applause.) But I would say
to England. and I would say to England's rulers,
" Consider, first and foremost, the interests of Eng-
land. Do not mix yourselves up in continental
politics." It may suit certain gentlemen to appear as
great men at a congress of the great powers of
Europe ; but it will not suit England. England,
if she goes into a congress, ought to go with this de-
claration through her representatives, "We shall
be ready to fight for the principles we intend there
to -put 'forth." But, it 'we are not prepared for
that—and I think we are notprepared—(hear, hear)
—then we, have no business there. (Applause.) Now,
supposing' we were to go to war. I. have been
lately in a foreign country, where I have heard
a great deal about England's position. A friend of
mine, well known to the world, says that the NA::
tion of England is ignoble. Why? Because Eng-
land will not go to war for the principles which M.
Montalembert and his agents delight to support.
But we have gone to. war for great principles, we
have incurred a debt of 800 millions to support
great principles. We spent that 800 millions, and
800 millions more, 'and many million's, too, of our
sons, for the benefit of great principles. What was
the effect ? The British people placed a Bourbon
upon the throne of France; and,what was the re-
sult ? I will-tell you two things. After the Duke
of Wellington passed from Spain into Franco, cir-
cumstances occurred which led him to prepare his
retreat. He found it impossible to retreat through
that Spain that he had just liberated, because he
would have been risen upon by the Spaniards them-
selves. That was the gratitude of the Spanish
people for the many thousands of pounds that were
spent in their cause. - Then we ',put a Bourbon on
the throne of Franco. The consequence was that
the elder portion of the Bourbon race were always
our enemies. The very moment that Louis XVIII.
came into Paris there began all kinds of intrigues
against Englant on the part of the Bourbons. Now
thereis somethingstill worse than that. We acknow-
ledged the second branch of the Bourbon family.
They were driven out of France in 1848 ;' they were
received in hospitable England; they were shel-
tered by her mighty aegis ; when they put their
foot upon the shores of England nobody could
molest them. And what was the gratitude of these
illustrious personages ? Why, sir, one of these
illustrious exiles actually made a plan of the southern
shores of England, pointing out' where we could be
attacked, and sent this plan to the Ministry of
France„saying that though an exile in England,
he was still a child of France, and would be willing
and anxious to enter into the ranks of those who
would carry French principles across the Channel.
(Sensation.) That was told me by a gentleman
now dead, whose • name I don't think it right
to mention, and who said that he saw that
letter a twelvemonth before. He told me that
circumstances had then occurred that would ren-
der • it not 'a politic proceeding to mention it at
that time. • I did not mention it, and I have not
mentioned it until the present Moment. The pre-
sent is the proper time, when we are asked to
take part in a European Congreas, and entangle
England in foreign disputes, and risk again the
blood.and
.treasure of England to obtain gratitude.
like this. M. Montalembert may wish to keep the
Pope upon his throne by English bayonets; and
other friends of Italy may wish that we drove out

the three dukes by-English bayonets. We should
make enemies whatever course we took. We should
make enemies of those whom we put down, and we
sherld make ungrateful friends of those whom we
sat up. Therefore I say to England,-keep your
selves, my insular countrymen, in.your own island ; J
mix not, yourselves NN i h European
.contests. If
you are attacked, strike back a blow that shall ak-
nihilate the invaders and maintain our position.
(Applause.) If you wish for friends, look at the
great colonies that you have established in the
world. If we are to adopt this course,' there arc
millions of men -speaking the English language
who have derived from England their literature,
their institations, and their laws, who would then
be ready to maintain us in the position we now hold,
as the Only lordly free people in Earope. We alone
have a free press; we alone have a Government
which represents the people; we alone deserve the
name of freemen. (Applause.) Shall we say that
we at this time are afraid of anybody P Not a whit
of it. (Laughter and applause.) Afraid we are
not ' • but let no man dare to offend us. When they
talk of invasion, that army that puts its foot upon
England will never take its foot off the English
soil. -(Applause.) I must say, reverting to the
circumstance that brought us together, that I wish
we had in the House of Commons men who, like
our friend Mr. Phinn, take the same view that I do
of political ulfiirs of this kind. He would have
lent the assistance of his great intelligence; and
name, and authority; and we might hope, by the
aid of a certain number of men holding opinions
that he holds, to maintain the position of England
intact. But am now very much_afraid that
there is a meddling spirit' abroad ; that there;
are people in power who delight to have the
honour of being talked of, and I do therefore fear
that their meddling spirit will entangle us in Eu•
ropean affairs. I may be called a narrow-minded
man. I have been accustomed to a . great deal of
abuse in my life, and Idon't care for it. (Laughter.)
But this has been my great object through life—.
England And England's, greatness. For her I have
laboured late and early. I have not sought my own
perSenal aggrandisement ; my object 'has been my
country's w.,lfalv. (Hear.) To her I have dedicated'
what intelligence I have had. So long a's there can
be found constituencies that will honour worth
the way you have honoured it upon the present oc
casion, depend upon it the people will not be want-
ing good servants. You have by this proceeding to-
night proved your heartfelt consideration for the
man who‘wished to repreSent you: If such pro-
credings were common, you would have men very
different. from many who now occupy that position.
You would really have a House of Commons worthy
of the great people of England ; and when I have
said that I have said all that I could say in praise
of my. hon. friend. The hon. gentleman, who was
listened to with the greatest attention throughout,
resumed his seat amidst the most enthusiastic ap-
plause.
The proceedings shortly afterwards terminated.

THE ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE
SOCIE
6, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London.
kstablished,lB23. • -
The lowest rates of Premium on th 4 Nlutual System.
The whole of the Profits divided every Fifth
Assets amounting to £1,840,090.. '
The Bonus additions in IfZ9 (which averaged £63 per Cent.
On the Premiums paid) amounted to £475,000, the sum of
4890,0)0 having been added as Bonus at previous Pivisions.
The Annual Income exceeds £260,000.
AL WUNDER AIACDONALD, Secretary.

11CONOMW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
SPECIAL NOTICE. -BONUS OF 1861.

Proposals for Assurance should be made before the Ist
isnuary, 181;0, to entitle the Assured to Participation in the
Division of Profits in 1861.

OUR DISASTER IN 'CHlNA.—England and
France must be avenged—War is certain—Do not delay
—avail yourself at once of the recent importations of the East
India Tea Company. Black, Green, or Mixed Tea may still
be'llad, in alb bags, at 2s. 4d. per lb.—Warehouses, 9, Great
St. Helen's Churchyard, Bishops ate.

MR. ROBB UCK ON POLITICAL AFFAIRS

A great Liberal assemblage took place at Bath
on Tuesday evening, the occasion being the pre-
sentation, by the working classes of that city, of a
handsome testimonial to Thomas Phinn, Esq., the
popular but unsuccessful candidate in the Liberal
interest at the last election. The proceedings de-
rived additional interest from the presence of J. A.
Roebuck, Esq., M.P. for Sheffield, who has not ap-
peared publicly in Bath since his defeat in 1847.
The presentation 'was made at a soiree held at the
Guildhall, the large banqueting-room of which was
inadequate to accommodate the numbers who wished
to be present, so that after tea the tables had to be
removed to make room for those who were willing
to pay ls. each merely to hear the speeches. Mr.
Phinn was accompanied to the platform by Mr.
'Fite, M.P., and several' of the aldermen, council-
lors, and leading Liberals of the city, and both
gentlemen were received with enthusiastic accla-
mations and waving of handerchiefs by a crowded
andience, a fair proportion of which were lathes.
Mr. Roebuck also, on subsequently making his ap-
pearance, accompanied by his brother-in-law, Dr.
Falconer, ex-Mayor, Mrs. and Miss Roebuck, and
Mrs. and Miss Falconer, was received with a perfect
ovation of applause. • The proceedings throughout
were of a most enthusiastic character.
Mr. C. GREENMAN, a workingman, was called to
the chair, and briefly opened the proceedings.
Letters, expressing the inability of the writers to
be presrnt, were read from Captain Seobell, Mr.
Bright, M.P., Mr. Berkeley, M.P., and Mr. Lysley,
M.P., and it..was also stated that Mr. Bernal Os.
borne was prevented by important duties from at-
tending.
The tedimonial, consisting of a very hand-
some silver tea and coffee service in a suitable
mahogany case, wall uncovered amidst immense
cheering, and immediately upon its presentation
th 9 Abbey bells rung forth a merry peal. Mr.
Phinu's crest was engraved upon each article, and
the coffee-pot borothe following inscription :—" Pre-
sented, with a tea service, to Thomas Phinn, Esq.,
Q.C., by his friends the working-classes of Bath, for
his zealous and able advocacy of their rights. Bath,
Nov., 1859." The testimonial was also accompanied
by a suitable address, beautifully written in the
illuminated style.
Mr. M. li.twrLETT, a working carpenter, pre-
sented the testimonial in a fervent and able speech,
in which he eulogised Mr. Phinn ; condemned the
Derby-Disraeli Reform Bill as a sham, ant con-
tended for the right of the working classes to share
in the representation of the country.
Mr. PHINN, who was received with great cheer-
ing, waving of handkerchiefs, and other marks of
welcome, which were again and again renewed,
then returned thanks at considerable length, not
only for the handsome memento, but for the kind
and cordial feelings of which it was the memorial.
The man who came to combat for the Liberal cause
in Bath had great need of their sympathy and as-
sistance. He had not only to advocate their princi•
pies, but to stem the tide of much calumny and mis-
representation, and to meet and refute the ascrip-
tion to himself of every motive that was base and
unworthy.. Although beaten at the poll, he had the
satisfaction of knowing that he carried away with
him the good wishes of those who possessed the
capability of judging, and all the capacity for select-
ing a representative, excepting the legal power of
exercising their voice at the poll. (Cheers.) The
working classes had that night shown that how-
ever inadequately he may have advocated their
cause, they regarded with gratitude those who
would give them a voice in the administration of
the affairs of this mighty people. The result of the
elections throughout the country was to substitute
for a ministry of reaction one of progress. The pre-
sent Ministry comprised men of all classes—men of
rank and reputation—and men who are believed to
be true friends of the people ; and though he wished
that it included others who have shown themselves
to be the peaple's friends, ho could nor forget that
men who advocated corn law repeal and gave cheap
bread and free commerce to the nation, and men
who have always advocated a free press, and the
obliterating of all taxes on knowledge, are now a
part of her Majesty's Government, and aro pledged
to proceed in the same course which they desire
should prosper. (Applause.) He hoped we should
have from the present Government an expansion
and extension of the suffrage, and a measure which
will enable all classes of voters to use their fran-
chise without having undue pressure upon them.
Mr. Phinn then proceeded to refer to the. Italian
question and our foreign relations generally, and
expressed a hope that while dealing with affairs
abroad, we should not lose sight of the various mea-
sures of reform required at home.
Mr. TrrE, M.P., next addressed the meeting.
Having referred to the course he had adopted on the
discussion on the Reform Bill of the late Govern-
ment, he expressed his hope that with regard to
many questions of the day, notwithstanding those
awfnl appearances which tend to war and alarm
the nation, something may happen so that our grow-
ing strength and importance as a military nation
may induce those who have views ambitious and
wicked enough to lead to a belief that they had any-
thing to gain by plunging Europe into war, to pause
as they seem to have done in that awful state of
things, which a few weeks ago seemed to appal all
England, and threw us into dismay, so as to enable
the Government to consider the great question of
reform as soon as Parliament meets together. With
regard to bribery there was no remedy for it but
the ballot, for if a man does not know what he buys
and pays he will cease to bribe. With regard to a
congress he believed the Ministry, were sincere ;
and he was pleased to hear that Lord J. Russell
stated at Aberdeen that he would join no congress
that did not give the people of Italy the liberty to
judge and act for themselves. On that principle he
hoped and believed the Cabinet would act, and
act firmly and sincerely.
Mr. G. Cox, jun., moved the best thanks of the
meetine. to:W. 'cite. Esq., M.P., and John Arthur
Roebuck, Esq., M.P., for their kindness in reply-
ing to the solicitations of the 'working men to at-
tend the meeting.
Mr. FLOWERS seconded the resolution, and it
was carried unanimously,
• JOHN A. Roimuetc, Esq., M.P., on having been
called on by the chairman, was received with a rei-
teration of the applause which greeted his entrance,
the meeting rising and waiving hats and handker-
chiefs for several minutes. In the course of his
speech the hon. gentleman, after thanking the meet-
ing for their kindness on that occasion, referred to
his connection with that city seven-and-twenty years
ago, and proceeded to compare the present with the
past. Had any injury accrued through enlarging
the suffrage ? (No.) Had England not improved ?

LORD STANLEY, M.P., ON RAGGED

scllooLs.

The annual meeting of the Manchester :Ragged
and Industrial School was held yesterday 'afternoon
in the Manchester Town-hall.
Lord STANLEY, ALP., who presided, was received
with much cheering. He said—l have accepted
with pleasure the invitation to preside at this meet-
ing, because it seems to me that the work which
the managers and supporters of the Manchester
Ragged School have taken in hand to do—the pro-
,
mation of industry and the diseouragemciA of
crime—is one of the most practical, useful, and im-
portant which can engage the attention of society.
!Hear, hear.) But before I offer any remarks on
the general subject the meeting will wish to hear
briefly stated the history, position, and prospects of
the particular school which we conic together to
support. If we are to begin at the beginning, I be-
lieve this ragged school grew out of a night asyluM,
which was set on foot in this town 22 years ago.
That institutionowed its establishment to the feel-
ing of horror and regret which arose at the news of
two persons having been found dead in the streets
of Manchester from exposure and cold after a se-
vere night in February, 1838. Within 24 hours, I
am told, by the energy of a few private persons,
some sort of shelter was provided to meet any si-
milar case ; on its opening 20 persons were taken
i I—and I may mention, in p Issing, that that asy lam
is still open, and that during the 22 years of its
existence it has providedshelter and relief in 36,000
cases. Similar institutions were formed in Liver-
pool and Birmingham about the same time, and one
at Aberdeen earlier, but with those exceptions this
was therirst. Out of this asylum grew, first, a Sun-
day school. The managers naturally did not like to
turn out on the streets on a Sunday morning those
whom they had taken in on Saturday night. By
degrees the plan was enlarged, the work prospered,
and the Sunday school became a day feeding-school,
receiving on the average some 70 children. It
is from that change that the present institution
dates its origin, in September, 1846. Six years
later, in 1852, the old premises were changed for
others more convenient, and in 1856 the land and
building now occupied by the school were bought,
chiefly from the proceeds of a bazaar, which yielded
£1,600. I shall not dwell on the details, which are
more suitable for a report than a statement of this
kind ; but there is one circumstance in the latex
history of the institution which I am bound not to
pass over. I mean the gift of one person, in one
suns (and that person a lady) of £5,000, in aid of
the undertaking—a gift enhanced by-the singular
delicacy with which the-giver has associated with
it, not her own name, but that of arelative of whom
the fund so provided is intended as a memorial. I
shall respect the reserve so shown, and of that gift
I will only say that it has relieved the institution
altogether from debt, and left a permanent endow-
ment of £l2O yearly available for all future time:
(Cheers.) The work which these schools have done
may be summed up in a few words. They have re-
ceived, in all, 1,418 children since their first estab-
lishment. Of these just one-half, 709, were under
10 years of age ; more than half, 765, were orphans ;
1,066 were unable to read; and 788 may be de-
scribed as in some sense vagrants, being either
beggars, thieves, or match-sellers, or singers in the
street, which is only another name for vagrancy;
but of these materials the most unpromising, so far
as steady industry is concerned, that can well be
imagined, there have been produced 533 steady
working lads, men, and women, maintaining them-
selves in situations by their own labour. What
has become of the rest I cannot tellyou ; many, no
doubt, are lost sight of, and maintaining themselves
honestly, though we know nothing about them ;
some are still in the school ; and if a certain pro-
portion have relapsed into idleness and disorderly
habits, that is no more tkan we must expect from
the imperfection of Till human effort. Perhaps it
may be well to explain—since there is often a good
deal of confusion between reformatories, properly
so called, and industrial schools—that these
schools, besides providing instruction for
many children who sleep at home, take in
and become wholly responsible for the children
under three different classes :—those who awe desti-
tute, having neither friends nor home, on behalf of
whom no payment is made, and who come of their
own free will; those who from bad habits have be-
come an annoyance, and a cause of anxiety to their
parents, who are admitted by the wish of those
parents, on a weekly payment being made; and,
lastly, those who are detained, compulsorily, under
the Industrial Schools Act, the parents being taxed
by the magistrates for their support. There are 47
inmates at present ; the average attendance is 116,
and the cost per head under £9, exclusive of the
building. When I have stated this—when I add
that the training given is simple and practical—
that a large part of it is industrial in the strictest.
sense of the word—that the discipline, so far as I
can judge, is kind, but strict—and that the faces of
the children are, without exception, healthy and
happy, I think I have said all that is necessary
with regard to the working and management of the
school. (Cheers.) And now, a few words on the
larger subject of the success or failure of that re-
formatory. movement—in which ragged schools
play no inconsiderable part—which lr?s been so
much before the public of late years. We have no
need now to go back to first principles The para-
doxes of 50 years ago aro the truisms of to-day.
(Hear.) Every one assents to the two propositions
on which reformatory action is based, that the ob-
ject and the justification of punishing crime is to
prevent it.; and that punishment, though one means,
is neither the only nor the most efficient means of
prevention. The class which supplies the majority
of our offenders against the law, especially in regard
of minor cases, does not calculate, or reason, or look
forward to consequences. If our police arrange-
ments were so perfect that detection followed as a
matter of certainty on the commission of an offence,
there would be many who would break the law
nevertheless. I speak from an experience of several
years as a magistrate and chairman of quarter ses-
sions in this county when Isay that nothing is more
remarkable in connection with that class of offences
which the magistracy has to deal than the extreme

PRICE 4P. S CAMPED, 51).

stupidity and blindness to consequences whiela is
thdr general accompaniment, (Hear, hear.) Among
theclass of minor effenders„at least, the intellectual
deficiency is' quite. geryally proportionate to the
moral- deficiency Of such offenders there is only
One way of getting rid—grit hold of them in youth,
get hold of them, if you-can,.beferethey have sunk
from mere idleness and beggary into crime ; if you
can't do that, get hold of them before they are har-
dened in crime, separate them, isolate them, prevent.
them at least, if themselves corrupted, from corrnpt-
ing others; and try to instil into them habits of in-
dustry and self-respect. (Cheers.) That, is a work
which is equally diyided.between the reformatory,'
strictly so called, and the ragged school. The one
deals with the lad who has offended, the other with
the lad whose position and mode of life are such as
to make it probable, not to say certain, that he will
offend. The mode of treatment in each case"differs,
but the principle is identical, and the end is the
same. YOu start in each case front the assumption
that the child, whether criminal or merely desti-
tute and'vagrant, is not itself to be held respon•
sible for the habit,: it has formed and for the circa tn.
stances in which it is found. That responsibility
belongs to the parent, if there be a parent; if not,
then to society at large. And what you have to do
is, not to give them a high intellectual training,
not to bring up the child so that it shall be an object
of envy to honest and industrious" parents, but to
train it, physically and morally, for the duty which
a labouring man or woman in thisconntry has to
di,:charge, to make it healthy, strong, patient of
labour, hOnest, and truth-telling ; rind to correct
those roving, restless, and unsatisfied habits which
are almost invariably found in children who have
been irregularly brought up.. If you succeed in
doing this, if you succeed even in partially doing
this with one generation, you will largely and per-
manently diminish the amount both of immorality
andpauperism in England. (Cheers.) For there is
no fact better attested than the strong tendency of
both pauperism and crime to become hereditary in
certain families arid localities. Paupers breed
paupers, vagrants breed vagrants, and habitual law
breakers have for the most part been brought up
in disorderly homes: It is'only within the last four
or five years thut the subject of juvenile. reforma-
tion has seriously attracted public attention. It is
only within the last three years that the State has
given a helping hand. There are now in reforma-
tories, strictly so called, in England and Scotland,
and in industrial schools, some 2,700 boyS and girls.
The number who are lodged in ragged andindus-
srial schools, not under Government supervision, I
do not know, but it is probably not considerable.
And, coincident with this state of ,things, I do not
say consequent upon it, there has been_a great and
remarkable decrease of crime, and more especially
of juvenile crime. (Hear.) No doubt, for the gene-
ral decrease various causes may be assigned ; work
is abundant, the community is prosperous, and the
extensive recruiting for Indian and general service-
has drawn off many of those turbulent end adven-
turous characters who are most apt to get into
trouble at home. But the diminution of juvenile
crime •(that is below the age of 16) is a fair test,
and when I find for 1858 a decrease of committals
under that head of 18 per cent, as compared with
1857, foll Swing a decrease of 5 p6r cent. in 1857, as
compared with 1856—in all a decrease of nearly one--
fourth in two years—l think we have reason to be-
-I:eve that the experiment, so far as it has gone, has
succeeded, and that the £50,000 a year which the
Government contributes has not been thrown away.
Indeed; even these figures, though they tell the
truth, tell much less than the truth, because they
do not ar.id cannot take account of the' fact that
among the young persons placed in secluvirin and
under reformatory treatment are included by this
time most of those who were leaders and teachers in
mischief—most of those whose ingenuity enabled
them to commit the greatest number of undetected,
and therefore unrecorded offences, and I have it
strongly stated, in answer to inquiries that I have
made in various parts of England, that the real
decrease in juvenile, crime is far greater than those
returns show;, for that the character of the
offences committed is materially altered, and now
indicateS rather the casual offender than the habi-
tual breaker of the law. (Hear.) I ought, perhaps,
to ask pardon for introducing a subject which is
only indirectly, though very closely, connected
with that which we are met to discuss ; but I have
this apology—the industrial and ragged school
stands in the same relation to the reformatory in
which the reformatory stands to the prison. You
send children to the reformatory in Order to reclaim
them from a life of wrongdoing, on which they
have. it may be ignorantly, entered ; you take them
into these schools to save them, not merely from
poverty—not merely from destitution and suffering,
but from that life of vagrancy and idleness which,
in a country like this, can hardly exist without
leading to crime, and which may almost be consi-
dered us its first step It is the same, cure applied
at an earlier stage of the disease.. There are three
remarks which I should like to offer by way of
caution—though probably here they are little
needed—and which apply equally to reformatories,
strictly so called, and to ragged and industrial
schools, considered as places of detention. The first
is—wherever possible, even though it may be trou-
blesome; even though it may cost more than it is
worth in money—enforce the principle of parental
responsibility by compelling parents to contribute.
The law gives you the power, and if it be not used
there is always a danger of children being inten-
tionally. thrown on your hands for support, in which
case you will do more mischief than you prevent.
In the next place, let it be known, let it be under-
stood, that there are at industrial schools no advan-
tages, whether in the way of present indulgence,
or teaching, or, future prospects, which are not
equally in the power of any honest working man
to attain for his children. (Applause.) if that
caution be disregarded you create a feeling of envy
and jealousy which is very difficult to deal with
—all the more so because it is founded in jus-
tice. And, in the third' place, lot it be remem-
bered that the process of taking and lodging a child
at the school, though the most effective, is tke most
costly by far, and that it ought never to be resorted
to except where either there is no home for the
child, or where it is clearly proved that the cha-
racter of that home is such as to be fatal to
every prospect of amendment and honest training.
I notice this rule, though obvious, because I know
that in some places it has been neglected, and an
unnecessary outlay has been the result. These are
the'few plain, and, I hope, practical remarks which
I have to offer on this great subject. 'We have suc-
ceeded so far; don't let us grow over confident.
This whole question of reclaiming and reforming
the idle, the vagrant, and the incipient criminal is
one which needs constant caution to deal with ; a
mistake may take us very far wrong, and our expe-
rience is as yet of very recent date. We all, I trust,
feel the duty which society imposes, and the claims
which society has upon us. From those who went
before us we have inherited many benefits—a 1-mg
peace, a vast increase of wealth, valuable adminis-
trative reforms, a better and 'more cordial feeling
between class and class. Much remains to be done;
much is required at our hands; but we shall have
paid no small part of the debt which we owe to our
predecessors if we cut off the most fertile source of
crime by reclaiming those who aro brought up to it
as a profession ; if we get rid of that class, unci-
vilised and dangerous in the midst of civilisation
and security, which is the reproach of our great and
populous cities; if we show, by labour in the cause
of those who are least able to help themselves, that
English citizenship is a real bond of union, and
English religion something more than a form of
belief. (Cheers.)

THE AUSTRALIAN HAIL.—The Postmaster-Gene-
nil gave notice nsterday that the time for the departure of
the Great Britain, with ship mails for Melbourne, will
be extended to the 9th inst., instead of the sth, as hereto-
fore advertised.

[AnvitirrisEmENT].—The possibility of abandoning me
dicino altogether is shown by the numerous extraordinary
cures without medicine ofindigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency,
constipation, nervous. bilious, and liver complaints, coughs,
asthma, consumption, and debility, effected by Du. Barry's
delicious Health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food. The
following are not the least rematkable.:—Cure No. 46,270.
Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, of 30
years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement,
partial deafness.—Cure No. 58,816. Mra. lEolze, aged 107
years, of dyspepsia (indigestion), debility, irritability, and
nervousness whieh had tormented her for 70 years.—Cure
No. 46,814. Mr. Samuel Laxton, Leicester, of two years'
diarrhoea.—Cure No. 52,612. The Dowager Countess of
Castle Stuart of many years' nervous irritability, bile, and
indigestion.—Cure No. 51,812. Miss Virginia Zeguers,
cured of consumption, after her medical adviser had aban-
cloned all hopes of recovery.—Cure No. 180. " T wenty-tive
years' nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility,
from which I have suffered great misery, and
which no medicine could remove or relieve, have
been effectually cured by Dti Barry's food in a very
short time.—W. B. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London."
En tins, at is. 64.1. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125.; 121 b.,
265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London'
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly; Abbis, GO,
Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapsido ; 63, and 150, Oxford-
street; 330 and 451, Strand - 49 and GO, Bishopsmate-
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dalin.
Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, Raimes and Co.;
at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew; at Manchester, Sharp and
Scott ; at York, Itaimes Blanchard, and:Co.; at South- 1
tunpton, Randall and Son.

Mr. Elliott—Have you got a certificate"
Witness—No, Sir ; the medical man who is
attending him said he should get nothing by the
job, and if I wanted a certificate I must go to Mr.
Flower, the divisional surgeon, and get one.
Edward Field said he was brother to George
Field, and worked in the same brickfield with him
and the prisoner. His brother and the prisoner
had been good friends up to Saturday evening last,
when they had some words about the age of two of
the "chaps" employed in the ground, who were
to fight en the following morning, and they ended
in a mutual challenge to fight on the following
morning themselves, for five shillings aside. They
met the next morning and went to Tooting-com-
mon, where the fight took place. During the fight
his (witness's) brother put his foot in a hele and
Mien his back, the prisoner fitlling on the top of
him ; and when taken up. he was unable to speak,
and was taken home in a light cart.
Thomas Hunt, a fellow-workman, corrobc,•ated
the evidence given by Edward Field, and, like that
witness, appeared most anxious to make the case
on the part of the accused as light as possible.
Sergeant Hdramond informed the magistrate
that both the witnesses acted as seconds at the
fight, which was of a determined character, and
lasted an hour and three quarters.
When asked by the magistrate if lie wished to
say anything to the charge,
The prisoner said he was very sorry for what
had happened, and that he had been severely
punished himself.
He was remanded for a week.

The bar silver brought by the West India packet
has been disposed of at 62d. per once, being4he rate obtained
for the arrival at the beginning of the month.
The officers of the Royal Marines at Chatham
are fitting up their racket court as a theatre. An orchestra
will be immediately facing the stage to aceommodate eight
performers, which, of course will be eupplied from the
splendid band of the Royal Marines. The body of the theatre
is intended for the non-commissioned officers and men, and
altogether there will be accommodation for an audience of
between 300 and 400. The whole will be lighted with nu-
merous gas burners, and warmed by means ofgas staves. We
(Maidstone Journal) believe the theatre will be open to the
whole of the garrison, the oflicets taking the parts in the
pieces that may be brought forward, assisted by professional
ladies.
COVER SIIOOTING.—The Earl of Seafield, and
the party presently visitors at Baltnacaan, Glen Urquhart—
viz., Lord Lovat, Sir Alex. Bannerman, Bart., of Crim-
monmogate, the Hon. James Stuart, the lion. George
Grant, Mr. Marjoribauks, Colonel Inge, and Mr. Cumming
Bruce, M.P., had five days' very successful shooting last
week in his lordship's covers in that line Highland glen.
The total of the various descriptisns of game are 19 roedeer,
444 pheasants, 6 partridges, 31 woodcocks, 31 woodcocks,
5 black game, 1 grouse, 119 hares, 1,053 rabbits ; the grand
total, 1,678 head.—Banff Journal.
LIMERICK AS AN AMERICAN PACKET STATION.—
We have stated that arrangements have just been entered
into for the Montreal Ocean Steamship Company's steamers
to call at Queenstown, both on the homeward and outward
voyages between Great Britain and Canada, for mails and
passengers. The people of Limerick, however, considering
that Cork is enjoying an embarrass of mail steam riehess•es,
are on the alert to inuce the Government to permit the
Montreal Company's steamers to call at Foynes instead of
Queenstown. Last Thursday an influential meeting of
the Limerick Harbour Board was held, and after hear-
ing the remarks of a gentleman connected with the
Montreal Steamship Company, they resolved to present a
memorial to the Lord-Lieutenant, and to back it up by an
influential deputation. The Limerick people urge that
Poynes is the only English or It's). port where the steamers
can land mails or passengers direct on to the railway sta-
tion—that the port is landlocked, sate, • and easily made,
and the centre of the richest and most industrious district
of the south-west of Ireland, and in all weathers easily ae.
cessible, and practically many miles nearer both Liverpool
and America than the dangerous harbour of Galway.