The Sun.
London, England, 1866-05-28 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

THE " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON ENGLAND AND THE WAR.
—lf war is to come, England may reckon confidently on
keeping out of it. She will not only be neutral, but the
war will be of a kind that is exceedingly unlikely to raise
any of the difficult questions which sometimes involve
neutrals in embarrassment. It is scarcely probable that
thero should even be a blockade, and all the combatants
will want near home the'few ships they have got, and will
not come to create embarrassment to the authorities of the
English ports. No result of war is likely to affect us much,
and we can afford to let the Continental Powers settle how
the map of Europe shall be remodelled, so far as it is likely
to be altered. This makes it very easy for us to be calm
and impartial at this critical time when war may break out
any day, and any suggestions we may offer have the re-
commendation of being disinterested, and of not having
been dictated by hope or fear. But, on the other hand, we
cannot hope to have much influence, and it is very much to
be desired that our diplomatists may not have been pre-
tending that they have an influence which every one knows
they really have not got. That we should do what we can
for the maintenance of peace is very right, and England
has sufficient claims on the attention of all the combatants
to invite them to consider with her whether their differ-
ences cannot be adjusted. But this is the utmost that she
can ask, or that she need wish to ask. She is rapidly
ceasing to be a European Power in the sense in which she
was a European Power in the days of Wellington. She is
now an Asiatic Power, a maritime Power, an oceanic
Power, much more than an European one. The affairs
of Burmab, of Affghan, of Nepaul, are of more
importance to her than the affairs of Wurtemburg, and
Hanover and Hesse-Cassel. To keep the road to India
open through Egypt is far more necessary to her than to
insist that this or that little Rhenish stronghold shall not
belong to France. Her chief interest in resisting the
aggressions of Russia on Constantinople is net to protect
the mouth of the Danube or to neutralise the Euxine or to
help the Rayahs of Turkey, but to impress on the Mahom-
medan populations under her rule or adjacent to her terri-
tories that her strength is unbroken, and that she can rule
them with a rod of iron if necessary. It makes little
difference to us whether we are lightly spoken of and our
prestige is pronounced to be at an end in the beer-gardens
of Munich and the cafes of Florence ; but it is of vital
moment to us that at Lucknow and Peshawur we should
still be thought quite sure to win in a struggle, if a struggle
is forced on us. We are also a nation of traders and of
carriers, and we are rich because' we trade with every
nation, and carry the goods of all the world. Some of the
greatest nations of the Continent are, in this respect, of the
least importance to us. With great pain and difficulty we
have managed to make a commercial treaty with Austria.
We have a budget, of which two main features are that, to
carry out the treaty, wine is to be taxed in a new way, and
timber is not to be taxed at all ; and then, when we have
done our part, we aro told that Austria hesitates to do her
part, and thinks that, if she is to find money for war, she
must find it through protective duties. Lastly, we have
oceanic interests ; and parts of ourselves, members of our
families, homes of our brothers and our children, are
separated from us by half the globe, and must be linked to
us by our making our paths sure and undisputed on the
highway of nations. The taking of a New Zealand pah
is more to us than the taking of Duppel. It is not
because we are more selfish than we used to be that
we care less for the Continent than we used to
do, and interfere less in its affairs; but because we have
new things to think of, new sympathies to absorb
us, new interests 'to protect. The Americans wisely
hold off altogether from European affairs, for they have a
world of their own to attend to. We cannot hold off alto-
gether, for we are too near the Continent ; but we hold off
more and more, for we too are gaining a new world washed
by Indian and Southern seas. The efforts, therefore, that
British diplomatists may make, at a time like the present,
to preserve peace, cannot derive very much weight from
the fact that it is in the name of England that they are
made. For not only is England rapidly ceasing to take
any active part in the affairs of Europe, but her diplomatic
efforts are obviously made, not merely to effect the special
aim to which they are directed, but also in order that those
who live in diplomatic circles may agree that the right
thing has been done. Lord Clarendon is expected to go
through a certain amount of decorous activity to save the
Continent from war, not only that war may be averted,
but that English diplomacy may not seem to have faded
altogether out of existence. The traditions of the Foreign-,
office demand that the representatives of the Five Great
Powers shall, on important occasions, step forward and
consult for the common good. Lord Clarendon would be
thought to be doing less than, as a representative of one of
these Powers, he ought to be doing, if he did not now do
as much as possible in the way of talking and writing on
behalf of peace. We still think it desirable and natural
that the English Secretary for Foreign Affairs should be-
long to the class from which European diplomatists are
ordinarily taken, and our relations with the Continent are
still so numerous and complicated that this may very pro-
bably be expedient. But the consequence is, that we ap-
pear to be more of a European Power than we are, because
our diplomatists give us the air of holding our old place in
European diplomacy.
THE "COURT CIRCULAR" ON GARIBALDI.—The re-ap-
pearing of Garibaldi on the scene of public life is not the
least striking incident in connection with the newly-
aranged war spirit in Italy. Great things are expected from
him by those who bear in remembrance his former daring
and.enterprise, and who show how great is the power of a
name in a great political crisis. •We cannot but recollect,
however, that Garibaldi is far past the prime of his physi-
cal energies, and that when in England receiving the ora-
tions of his fervent admirers, he was compelled to with-
deaw from sheer inability to bear the excitement conse-
quent upon his public appearances. Quietude and retire-
ment at Caprera may have restored a portion of his former
health and strength ; but it is quite certain that he will
never be able to display the vigour required of him in the
new.sphere of duty to which he has been called. The
organisation of 20 battalions of volunteers demands an
amount of exertion to which there is no reason to be-
lieve he is equal, even with all the facilities that may be
afforded by the eagerness of "Young Italy" to enlist un-
der his banners. Broken down by the wound he received
some years ago, it is not to bo expected that he can ever
again be actively instrumental in carrying out warlike
operations for the salvation of Italy and the expulsion of
the Austrians. The name of Garibaldi may, nevertheless,
be a "tower of strength" to Victor Emmanuel, when the
hoar of struggle arrives, and it is this fact that is relied
upon, doubtless, in the arrangements that have been made
to bring him once more prominently into notice. Gari-
baldi is being used by the Italian ministry and sovereign
for what he was, rather than what he is; he is evidently
willing to accept the 'coition provided for him. It is
sufficient that his name and the remembrance of his past
exploits exercise a spell over the young men who aro
rushing to the field, and thirsting to shed their blood for
the deliverance of Venetia out of the hands of Austria. It
is not very long ago that the name of Garibaldi was in bad
odour at the Italian Court, and no confidence assuredly
was felt in him, on the score of prudence and discretion,
by Italian statesmen. Suspicion and distrust, however,
are for the time banished, or at least suppressed, and much
is said of the cordial feeling which prevails between the
ex-adventurer and the sovereign for whose benefit his re-
maining energies are to bo employed. We shall be better
able to judge of this fooling by and by, when the work to
bo done is actually in progress, and when we see the part
which Garibaldi takes in it. All accounts concur in in-
ducing a belief that a war is felt to be one of the necessi-
ties of Victor Emmanuel's position. In view of this feel-
ing financial difficulties are felt to be a trifling obstacle.
The passionate aspirations of Italians for unity goes before-
hand with the Government, and all that devolves on the
latter, in the present condition of things, is to embody the
national sentiment. The selection of Garibaldi for the
command of the volunteer force supplies the key-note of
the present outburst, and needs but the most trifling spark
to light up a conflagration, the consequences of which are
least of all calculated by the men who are so eagerly taking
steps to bring it to pass.

BOROUGHS (ENGLAND AND WALES.)—Those
boroughs in England and Wales which have a population
of less than 10,000 and more than 8,000, according to the
census of 1861-17 in number—are Reigate, Poole, Lewes,
Frome, Windsor, Christchurch, Shaftesbury, Tavistock,
Wilton, Helstone, Chipping Wycombe, Rye, Malton,
Chichester, Stamford, Guildford, and llaverfordwest (dis-
trict.)

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