The Sun.
London, England, 1866-06-16 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money easy. Gold, 1421. Exchange on Lon-
don, 157 ; Paris, 3.60. Stocks quiet. New York
Centrals, 98 ; Illinois, 1171 ; Erie, G3l; 5-20
Bonds, 102 i. Cotton steady. Midland Upland,
38c. ; receipts three days, 6,000 ; sales two days,
3,500 ; stock, 115,000. Flour and wheat dull.
Corn and provisions quiet. Coffee steady. Sugar
and molasses firm. Petroleum dull; crude, 26i ;
refined, 42.

ORLEANS, June 5.

Cotton dull ; low middling, 33 to 35 ; receipts
four days, 3,750 ; exports four days, 10,000 ; stock,
124,000.

THE PRUSSIeiN ARMY.

(From the Times' Military Correspondent.)

KOHLFORT, June 12.
Pis little town, the junction of the two lines of
railway which lead from Eastern Saxony and
Southern Silesia on Berlin, is not unlikely to be the
scene of exciting events should war between Aus-
tria and Prussia really occur. At a distance of 140
English miles, or six hours' journey by an ordi-
nary train, from the Prussian capital, it is about 16
miles, or three quarters of an hour's railway tra-
velling from Gorlitz, where two Prussian corps
ciarniee are at present cantonal. The town itself
is protected to a certain degree from an attack
from the west by the small stream of the Tschirne,
which—no important obstacle in its general course
—forms near the town some small lakes, behind
which infantry or artillery might with confidence
await the attack of an enemy's cavalry. The
real importance which Kohlfort acquires from a
military point of view is due to the convenient
situation here afforded for the concentration of
troops previously spread along the frontiers to resist
an advance from either Eastern Saxony or Silesia.
If the enemy should attack from Saxony, the troops
at Gorlitz can avail themselves of the river Neisse,
which flows close to that town, as a line of defence,
and covered by it check considerably superior num-
bers until the corps coming' from Silesia have time
to reach Kohlfort. Should, on the other hand, the
direction of the attack be from SileSia, the river Bober,
over which the railway passes near Bunzlau, affords
a line that will protect the troops, who retiring from
Silesia have to cover the assembly at Kohlfort of
the troops coming in from Gorlitz. Of this strategi-
cal point the Prussians appear to intend to take ad-
vantage. The head quarters of Prince Frederick
Charles at Muskau, are about 20 miles to the north-
west, and two full corps d'arince, mustering over
60,000 fighting men, are at Gorlitz, while in Silesia
the same number are within easy distance of this
point of junction. It is curious to notice iu this dis-
trict the extreme prevalence of semi-Russian topo-
graphical names. The existence of this apparently
anomalous nomenclature is due to this portion of
the kingdom being still inhabited by the repre-
sentatives of the Slavonian tribes who formed
the population of the whole of Prussia before it
became subject to the ancestors of its present
Teutonic possessors. The name of Muskau is iden-
tically the same with that of the capital of Russia,
and ago was still pronounced
i‘sc inhabitants now number
lo a
oquarterv.
The of
si a
avonian century
about 80,000 souls, probably a much smaller num-
ber than were living here at the time of the Seven
Years' War, but they still remarkably preserve the
physiological peculiarities of their race, and are
almost entirely untinged vith Germanic blood. All

remembrance of an origin different from that of
their fellow countrymen has, however long since
died out from among them, and they would
it is anything but a compliment to be told that
they are by blood more nearly allied to the Poles
than to the inhabitants of Brandenburg or Saxony.
Popular opinion has to-day sketched out a new
plan of operations for
.General I3enedek. It is now
distinctly asserted—how the information has been
obtained, or to whom the Austrian General has
confided his plans, cannot be so clearly ascertained
—that the Austrian army is to advance in force
against Silesia, to mask the fortresses in that pro-
vince, press against the Prussian left with its main
body, force it into Prussian Saxony, and then,
taking up the line of the Oder, to cut off Berlin
from the old provinces of the kingdom. This plan,
successfully carried out, would deprive the Prussians
of some of their finest recruiting ground, but the
steep roads through the narrow valleys of the Riesen
Gebirge and the fortified places in Silesia would
require considerable time to pass, during which the
hostile army that is now watching the issues of
the passes could be largely reinforced by means of
the railway transport at its disposal. Neither could
the Austrians by this route avail themselves of their
cavalry, which they not unjustly consider to be the
best in the world. The telegram which announced
that the Emperor had reached Ohnutz has, after
creating considerable excitement in Berlin, been
contradicted ; now, in the revulsion of popular feel-
ing, rumours of probable peace are being circulated
widely on this side of the frontier, but beyond the
mountains it appears that serious preparations are
being made to open the campaign.
On the Silesian frontier the Austrians are reported
to be cantoned in force on a line stretching from
Zanernig, near the county of Glatz, to the vicinity
of Cracow, and to have a strong corps near Frei-
stadt, on the road leading on the Prussian fortress
of Ratibor. It is possible that the collection, or,
more probably, the discovery of the collection, of
large numbers of Austrian troops in this direction
may have given rise to the rumour to which allusion
has been made above, but, even if the reported con-
centration at Freistadt be a fact, it does not prove
that any serious attack against any province fur-
ther north than Silesia is contemplated. Many men
in Prussia whose opinions are entitled to conside-
ration have held for some time past that in the
event of war the Austrians would cross into Silesia,
but only with the intention of overruning the province
and levying contributions on its inhabitants, while
the main attack would be made through Saxony.
Perhaps the result of this very opinion being enter-
tained may lead to an attack against the line

of the Oder through Silesia, for of course the ob-
ject of every General who conducts an advance is
to burst out where he is least expected, and where
his columns are likely to meet with the least amount
of resistance.

It is expected that the proposal of Austria will
not be brought before the Diet till Thursday; should
it be carried and Federal execution decreed against
Prussia, Austria will enter the field as the chief
executioner of the orders of the Bund. The States
of the Confederation which are almost certain to join
Austria are Wurtemberg, Hanover, Nassau, Hesse
Darmstadt, and Saxony. Bavaria can hardly do
otherwise on account of her position, but she does
not seem inclined to enter heart and soul into the
national Cave of Adullam, and the Prussians hope
that although the Bavarian army must be certainly
mobilized, and probably in the field on the side of
their enemies, the blows it will strike against them
may sometimes fall short, and may never be very
severe. Of the others public opinion in this country
speak a little sharply. Should a future opportunity
ever occur for settling old scores, Prussia will, no
doubt, have an unkindly remembrance of them all,
but especially of Wurtemberg, which would fare,
indeed, ill if its fate were to be decided by the uni-
versal suffrage of the Prussian people in their pre-
sent frame of mind.

In winter, or after much rain, the country be-
tween the Neisse and the Elbe, through which run the
affluents of the Upper Spree, is marshy, and much
intersected with brooks, which, on account of the
flatness of the ground and the consequent slight fall
for drainage, form many ponds and little lakes;
when these are filled with water the Sprcc-wald is
not fit for the movement of cavalry or artillery ;
but when, as at present, the weather has been toler-
ably warm for a short time the water evaporates,
and this district affords a very fair field for the em-
ployment of those arms. The Prussian War-office,
fully alive to this fact, are said to be massing a large
force of cavalry in this direction, which is to be or-
ganized on a different system to that which is in
general use in the service. Usually a certain number
of regiments of cavalry are attached to each corps
d'arinee, and follow the movements of their corps,
except when actually upon the field of battle ; an
exception, it is said, is now about to be made to this
rule ; only one cavalry regiment is to be left with
each corps, and the remainder, with a strong force
of artillery, to be organised as a large independent
cavalry corps, which will, if the campaign should
open on the side of Saxony, have an opportunity of
proving its mettle. That the Austrians will make
great use of their horsemen cannot be doubted ; so
much care has been lately bestowed in their army
in this particular branch of the service that it will
doubtless have a chance afforded it of adding to
its already high reputation. If the campaign takes
place on the Saxon frontier, an opportunity may be
afforded for arriving at some decision on the ques-
tion which has for the last few years been rather
polemically discussed by many of the military
authorities--namely, whether arms of precision have
abolished the necessity of cavalry in the field of
battle, or if it is possible for squadrons to execute
a charge under the fire of rifled artillery.
It is supposed that the Austrian troops which left
Altona, if they can pass through Hanover without
molestation, will be sent in the direction of Hesse
Darmstadt. They and the troops of Wurtemberg,
Hesse, and Nassau are there, it is said, to be
made into one corps. When war breaks out this
corps is to be despatched against the Prussian pro-
vinces on the Rhine. It can only be surmised that
such a destination is intended for them, but it is
known that the Prussians have a strong force at
Wizzlau, the only object of which would be to guard
against some such attack being made on West-
phalia or Rheinland. Were the Austrians to suc-
ceed in cutting off communications between Berlin
and the eastern provinces, and this heterogeneous
division at the same time to be successful on the
Rhine, affairs would go badly with Prussia. Some
are bold enough to predict that this, or something
of a like nature, will be the result of the first cam..
paign ; but the issues of war cannot be judged
on paper, more especially when it is almost
impossible to ascertain satisfactorily the number
of troops each Power has or is likely to put into
the field, to say nothing of the reserves and recruits
which each may be able to raise. Nor, even if num-
bers were known, can any just conclusion be arrived
at except by those who are admitted to the inner-
most secrets of both political and military Cabinets.
States and provinces are not to be implicitly de-
pended upon. Were Hanover to side with Prussia,
as many my she must do, to avoid her own imme-
diate annexation, such an attack on the Rhine pro-
vinces might be attended with not only disastrous,
but perhaps fatal, results to the corps which might
be detached to separate the Rhenish territories from
the main kingdom of Prussia. Should the war break
out in the neighbourhood of this town the names of
the actions will probably have almost a familiar
sound. There is hardly a road leading to the
frontier which has not some town or village that
has given a name to a battlefield. And this is
natural, for Central Germany has already been the
theatre of three of the most fierce contests which
have been recorded in the history of Europe. The
Thirty Years' War, the campaigns of Frederick the
Great during the Seven Years' War, and the last
offensive campaign of Napoleon before his abdica-
tion, have all given celebrity to the names of some
of the places in the immediate neighbourhood.
About 25 miles to the west is Bautzen, where the
French Emperor defeated the Allies in 1813, but did
not by his victory succeed in shattering their coali-
tion. A short distance beyond Gorlitz lies Reich-

embach, where Duroc was killed, and Buntzlau was
the scene of another .of Napoleon's victories gained
over the Prussians. To the north is the little town

of Sagan, where Frederick the Great met with one
of his few defeats at the hands of the Russians, and
in the south is Landshut, where be fared equally ill
with the Austrians. Still the locality suggests me-
mories most glorious to the Prussian arms, for to
the east and south-east are Leignitz and Schweid-
nitz, the two fields where those victories were gained,
which, with Leuthen and Rossbach, established for
ever the fame of the hero of the Seven Years' War.

TMRD EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, 6 o'CLocE,

10 to 1 agst Red Earl (taken)
10 to 1 agst Honesty (taken)
12 to 1 agst Caithness (taken)
12 to 1 agst Zenobia (taken)
100 to 6 agst Missile (taken)
22 to 1 agse Harry Brailsford (taken)
25 to 1 agst Dolan (offered)
25 to 1 agst Brown Bread (offered)
25 to 1 agst Donto (taken)
33 to 1 agst Lady Vane (taken)
GOODIVOOD STAKES.
10 to 1 agst Nu (taken)
10 to 1 agst Celerity (taken)
10 to 1 agst Othello (taken)
10 to 1 agst Slender (taken)
12 to 1 agst Rama (taken)
16 to 1 agst Catnball (taken)
ST. LEGER.
7to 4 agst Lord Lyon (taken)

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Ths Day.

LONDON, June 16.—Wind this day at noon—South.
Westerly; moderate breeze, and fine Weather, but rather
cloudy.

PORTSMOUTH, June 15.—Wind nor
Majesty's ship Dee, from Plymouth.

Juue 15. —Wind S.W.—Arrived—Roman,
screw steamer, from the Cape of Good Hope.

PrLMOUTII, June 15.—Wind N.W.—Arrived--Betty,
from Rio Janeiro.
elm); June 15. Wind S.W.—Arrived—Margaret,
!rom St. John's, Newfoundland.

LBY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 1
GRAVESEND, Saturday Morning.
Arrived, June 15—First Fruit, from Harbour Grace ;
Zwalen, from Gothenburg.
Arrived, June 16—Eider, from Hamburg ; Hope On and
Anemone, from Windau ; Garibaldi, from Jamaica; Caro-
line, from New York.

Sailed—Holland, for Ostend ; Rhine, screw steamer, for
Boulogne ; Beta, for Oporto ; Cervantes, screw steamer,
for Bilboa.

DEAL, Saturday Morning.
Passed—Delavrarr, from London, for Sydney ; Beeper,
from London, for Demerara; Alfred Habrey, from Lon-
don, for Moreton Bay ; Lincelles, from London, for
Calcutta.

Johannes, bark, from New York, for Bremen, was off
Beachy Head on the 14th.

Liverpool Cotton Market—(This Day.)

Market opens quiet. Sales probably 5,000 or
6,000 bales.

DEATII OF SIR BELLINGHAM GnxilAM.--We
regret to announce the demise of the above baronet, which,
took place at half-past eight o'clock last evening at the
family residence in Park-street, Grosvenor-square. The
deceased was son of the sixth baronet, born in 1789 ;
married in 1810 the third daughter of the late George
Clark, Esq., of West Hatch, Essex ; secondly, in 1831,
daughter of the late Rev. Robert Cottam. He was deputy
lieutenant of Yorkshire, and is succeeded in the title by
his son, Reginald Henry, born in 1833, was appointed cap-
tain in the Mile Brigade in 1856, and served with the 14th
Foot during the Crimean war.
ATROCIOUS CHILD MURDER. —On Thursday night
a young man, 28 years of age, named William James
Turner, of 41, Nottingham-street, Sheffield, cut the throat
of his infant child, only nine weeks old, with a razor, in a
fit of drunken rage, and then called a cab, had himself
driven to the town-hall, and surrendered on the charge of
committing the crime.

SECOND MEMBER FOR DUNDEE.--TAKING TIME
BY THE FORELOCK.—Mr. Henry W. Scott, who dates from
Brookes's Club, London, announces by advertisement in
the Dundee papers his intention to place his services at
the disposal of the constituency as their second member, "in,
anticipation of the Government Reform Bill passing at no
distant period." The hon. gentleman is one of the sons of
Sir William Scott, Bart., of Ancrum, the member for the
county of Roxburgh.—Ediaburgh Courant.
JURIDICAL SOCIETY.—A meeting was held on
Weduesday,Mr. Droop in the chair. A letter was read from

Lord Westbury, accepting the office of president, and it ti-
mating an intention shortly to take part in the meetings of
the society. Mr. C. H. Hopwood addressed the society upon
the bill brought.in by the Attorney-General for theabotition
of forfeiture in felony and treason. The Chairman, Mr.
Massey, Mr. Stebbing, and Mr. V. Thompson took part in
the discussion which followed.

The annual prize offered by her Royal Highness
the Princess of Wales to female members of institutions in
union with the Metropolitan Adult Education Association,
has been awarded to Ellen Louisa Woolard, a domestic ser-
vant, of the Lambeth evening classes, who has passed
a satisfactory examination in needlework and elementary
knowledge. The annual gathering of institutions, &c.,
will take place at the Crystal Palace on Monday next,
under the patronage of the Prince of Wales, the Duke of
Edinburgh, and other distinguished persons. The arrange-
ments for thofite are most extensive.

SUSPICIOUS DEATH.— On Friday last Mr. Bernard
Hughes, a cotton salesman ' n the
Curry and Co., Liverpool, left hisl lodgings in up of Messrs. p
0r
Baker-
street, and proceeded to the
residence of Capt. Reid, who
resides in the neighbourhood, h w ere he spent some time,
and ultimately left for his lodgings, about '2O minutes to 1
About on Saturday morning. 2 o'clock two youno•b
partly inside the gategentle-
men saw the deceased lying par • • of the
entrance to the house where he had apartments. Mr.
Roberts, the landlord, at once recognised the deceased. Mr.
Hughes, who was not then dead, was carried into the par-
lour, but he died about four hours after he was taken into
the house. The result of a post-mortem examination
showed that death was caused by the fracture of the tem-
poral and parietal bones, the result of great external vio-
lence. The surgeon was of opinion that the injuries were
caused by a blow from some blunt instrument. AV hen last
seen alive he was perfectly sober. At an inquest held the
jury found that the deceased died from injuries, but how
the
ECLlNwere inflicted there was no evidence to show.
.VE IN WHISKYDRINKING.—III *
Consequence
of a falling off in the foreign demand for Scotch _made
whisky, it has been arrangedbyafew of the leading Scotch
distillers to close their establishmentsfor a longer or shorter
eading Scotch
period as circumstances may determine.
gallons weekly, and em-
ploysexpectedto which can produce 50,000 Carshridge dis-
tillery,
nearly 100 hands, is
months.—Dunfermline Press. be closed for two
LOOK OUT FOR THE STAMP P
s.— eople who
give receipts for money should note a trial in
New York, 'which shows the
ina to peril of neglect-
g put stamps upon
papers which require
them. Many err in supposing that if a paper is
not
stamped the omission
flea.
This
is i may be afterwards recti-
lot correct. There was provision
made for validating; unstampedpapers made and
issued before the Act of 1864, upon compliance with
certain provisions. Similar provision is made iu
the amended Act of 1865, upon condition that the
party derelict shall pay $5O and interest at 6 per
cent. on the stamp, if the cost of the latter is more
than $5O, which may be enforced against any one
who issues unstamped paper. Under the Act of
1864, it was $2OO in all cases ; under the amended
Act of 1865, it remains $2OO upon acceptors and
payers
of foreign bills of exchange, without first
stamping the securities. In this case, in ._, in . "\- ew York,
the person sued had neglected to affix stamps upon
seven receipts for the payment of money, and
a verdict was given against him for the full penalty
of $1,400. Thus in the attempt to save 14c. he
lost $1,399 86c., besides lawyers fees and cost of
suit. The example is worthy of remembrance ; the
duties of the stamp laws can be cheaply discharged,
and there areiew which, if neglected, may not cost
a careless person more. •