The Sun.
London, England, 1866-06-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 2, 1866.

LAW. INTELLIGENCE—This Day.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER.

(Sittings in Banco before Barons Martin, Bramwell, and

Channell.)
GROVES V. RICHARD.

This was an action for ejectment, brought by the
plaintiff to obtain possession of a house 'held by the de-
fendant, a widow, and was tried before Mr. Baron Martin
on the 10th May last, when a verdict was returned under
the Common Procedure Act, the defendant not.appearing.
A rule nisi was subsequently granted to the defendant
calling on the plaintiff to show cause why there should not
be a new trial. The application was founded on an affi-
davit setting forth that she had employed a solicitor to de-
fend the action, and instructed him to employ counsel. Be
wrote to her, stating that he considered she could not
resist the plaintiff's clairn,l?efore the court, and advising her
to employ another. She replied that she had not time to
obtain other legal assistance, and enclosed him the
fee, which, with her papers, was returned. She could
not get a lawyer to take up her cause, and accordingly
the action was decided against her. She also set forth that
there was no written agreement between her father and
Mr. Graves, the father of the deceased, and that on the
demise of the latter she refused to pay or recognise the
plaintiff as-her landlord, there being three other claimants
to the property.

The Court considered that the plaintiff was entitled to
the re-hearing of the case or the payment of the costs of
this application.

The rule was accordingly made absolute.

COURT OF DIVORCE.

(Before Lord Chief Justice Cockburn, Lord Chief Baron
Pollock, and Sir J. P. Wilde.)
RYVES r. RYVES AND THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

The hearing of this case was proceeded with this
morning.

Mr. Cassel, solicitor for the petitioners, was examined by
Dr. Smith, and deposed that he had inspected various
monuments and archives of the University of Oxford last
April. He road extracts from the printed documents, which
he verified as being correct, translations from the original
records, which were written in Latin. They had refer-
ence to the ordination of Dr. James Wilmot, and his ad-
mission to the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of
Divinity, &c.
Several documents were also produced to prove the mar-
riage of Dr. Wilmot and the birth of the alleged Princess
Olive, as well as their death and burial. The birth of the
female petitioner, as well as her baptism, was also proved.

. _
Dr. Smith proposed to put in as evidence a sketch of Mr.
S•erres, father of the female petitioner, from • a standard
work entitled "Biographies Universaille," but the Court
decided that it was not admissible. •

The case is likely to occupy some days, notwithstand-
ing the opinion . expressed by the Chief Baron yesterday,
and concurred in by the other judges, namely, that if the
petitioners proved their legitimacy, they must invalidate
the marriage of their grandmother with the Duke of Cum-
berland, for if the former were declared legal, then their
mother would be of royal descent, and as the Royal Mar..
riage Act was then in operation, she could not contract a
legal marriage without the consent of the reigning
sovereign.

POLICE iNTELLIGENCE.--This Day.

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.

CRUEL ASSAULT. —A FORGIVING COMPLAINANT.—Jane
Lewis, an unfortunate, was charged before Mr. Knox with
assaulting Jane Carter, another young woman of the same

The complainant, who though appearing to be badly
used, yet was reluctant to punish one of her own class, said
that on the previous evening she was about entering an
omnibus near the County Fire Office, when the defendant
came up to her, tore off her bonnet and deranged her
clothes, and gave her a violent blow, she believed having
something in her hand at the time, and knocked her down
and badly assaulted her.

Mr. Knox asked the complainant whether she knew the
defendant.

The complainant said she was an entire stranger to her,
and she thought she must have made some mistake.
Although she had been hurt a good deal she would be very
sorry to have the defendant locked up. 1
Police-constable Norrish Pike, 51 0, said that at the
station last night the defendant said that she was first
struck by the complainant, and that she struck her from a
feeling of revenge.

The complainant said that she never saw tho defendan
before last night, and she could not account for her con
duct.

In reply to Mr. Knox, the constable said the defendan
was sober.

Mr. Knox committed the defendant for a month, stating
that he considered it 'a cruel assault.

The defendant—Oh ! you wicked man. Is there no
fine ?

Mr. Knox said there was not.
The defendant—Oh! nover mind.

- Areheaological Institute.

Yesterday afternoon the usual monthly meeting
of the members of the Archaeological Institute was
held in the rooms of the Arundel Society, New Bond-
street—the Marquis Camden in the chair.
The first paper read was " On the Ermine and
Ikenild Streets," by Mr. J. Beldam, in which he
pointed out the distinction between ancient British
and Roman roads, and traced the direction of the
two streets the immediate subject of the paper. A
paper by Mr. Waller, " On a curious brass at Cow-
ling Castle," was next read. The brass is fixed
outside the castle, and is enamelled.

Mr. J. H. PARKER then explained in an animated
manner the results of some recent archaeological
researches in Rome, which were illustrated by a
large plan of the city, and by numerous photo-
graphs. Mr. Parker said his object was to show
that the descriptions given of Rome by Livy were
literally correct, and to protest against the system
adopted by the German critics of assuming that the
descriptions were erroneous, and then concocting
systems of their own for which there was no real
foundation. I 4 mentioned with great minuteness
many points which fully bore out the accounts of
Livy, and said that, taking that author for his guide,
he was able to trace the original walls of the kings
of Rome, the hills that were first occupied and forti-
fied, and the various gates and other works men-
tioned. The photographs, which were large, illus-
trated his observations, and represented the remains
of some architectural works of early Rome, which
indicated that the architects of the middle ages had
copied most of their designs from the Romans. His
researches had thrown light on several curious
points of the architecture of ancient Rome,
among which were evidences of the. almost general
use of wood in their structures, and the alteration
that took place in the mode of building after
the use of lime as a cement had been in-
troduced which did not occur until the time of
Augustus. Mr. Parker noticed also the change from
the piling up of large masses of stone, which were
retained in position by their own weight, and the
building, with stones of smaller size, as serving to
indicate different periods. A remarkable proof of
the general use of wood by the Romans in making
their earliest dwellings was observed in a low hut
excavated from the solid rock, in which imitation
beams were hewn out in the roof to resemble the
customary beams of wood. Mr. Parker proceeded
at considerable length to describe 'numerous other
discoveries he had made, of great archaeological in-
terest, tending to confirm the account given by Livy
of the building of ancient Rome.
The Rev. Dr. ROCK mentioned, in connection with
the subject, a curious discovery of some extremely
valuable encaustic paintings, brought from Rome,
which were recently purchased at a sale in Maryle-
bone as rubbish for 10s. They had since come into
the possession of Mr. Richmond, who had cleaned
them, and he was now in treaty for the sale of them
to the trustees of the British Museum for £5,000, at
which sum Mr. Rock considered they would be very
cheap.
Mr. E. A. FREEMAN made some observations on
Mr. Parker's disquisition, protesting against receiv-
ing Livy's account of the foundation of Rome as an
historical record.

Various objects of antiquarian interest were exhi,
bited and commented on before the meeting ad
journed.

The Killed in the Late American War.

(From the Tribune.)

When Abraham Lincoln, on the 15th day of April, 1861,
called for 75,000 militia for three months' service, the army
of the United States had the names of about 14,000 men on
its rolls. During the ensuing four years 2,688,523 men
were enlisted for the following periods of time

For three months - 191,985
For six•months ..................... . • 19,076
For nine months 87,558
For one year 394,959
For two years 43,113
For three years 1,950,792
For four years 1,040

Total..

2,688,523

The records of the office of the Provost-Marshal Gene-
ral show from what State, county, or town these men
came,-and what became of each one. These records tell
us that of this largo number of troops, 2,403,103 left the
army alive. Some of them deserted; a few were dismissed
before their term of service expired ; a glorious band went
home armless, ldgless, eyeless, through :their patriotic en-
deavours to save their country from dismemberment. But
the majority returned safe and sound to.the place of enlist-
ment, there to be mustered out for home.
But 280,420 Men, good, true, and loyal, sealed their pa-
triotism liith their blood. Death met them hi every shape.
Over 60,000 died on the field of battle; 35,000 survived the
shock of the conflict only to die of wounds, while 184,000
died of disease in tent or hospital, or by the wayside. To
give the exact figures, 96,089 died in battle or of wounds,
while 184,331 died of disease. This proves that the great
mortality of war does not arise from the deadly bullet. It
is the hardship of the campaign, the change of mode of life,
the difference in climate, that rolls up the terrible record
of dead. Two
,persons died of disease in this war forovery
one that fell from an enemy's. weapon. Yet this per
centage of disease is far less than that of other countries
and other ages. In the Crimean war, seven-eighths of the
mortality of the British troops during the entire campaign
were due to disease, and one-eighth only to deaths from
wounds received in action. In January, 1855, the month
of the greatest mortality' of that campaign, ninety-seven
per cent. of the entire mortality of the • British troops re-
sulted from disease. "At this rate,"' says Elliott, "to
supply the loss occasioned merely by' death, this army
would need be replaced by a new army of equal numbers
once in about ten months."

The following tables show the causes of mortality in
our armies during the whole war, and the arms of service
in which that mortality occurred

KILLED.
Arms of Service. Officers. Men.

EGIJLARS.

DIED OF DISEASE.
_Officers. Ilan,

Total

Cavalry 23 284 18 470 795
Artillery 32 308 12 472 824
Infantry lO2 1,298 53 1,807 3,260

Total 157 1890
VOLUNTEERS.

83 2,749 4,879

-davalry 522 10,834 331 24,702 86,389
Artillery 126 2,585 99 8,725 11,535
lnfantly 4,246 72,732 1,718 119,623 198,319

Total 4,894 86,151 2,148 153,050 246,243
COLOURED TROOPS.

Cavalry 4 131 1 883 1,019
Artillery 4 67 16 3,508 3,595
Infantry 162 2,629 73 21,820 24,684

Total l7O 2,827 90 2G,211 29,298
CAVALRY.

Regulars 23 284 18 470 795
Volunteers...,,, 522 10,834 831 24,702 86,389
Coloured 4 131 1. 883 1,019

Total. 549 11,249 350 26,055 38,203
ARTILLE4Y.
Regulars 32 308 12 472 824
Volunteers 126 2,585. 99 . 8,725 11,535
Coloured 4 67 16 8,508 3,595

Total
INFANTRY.
Regulars lO2 1,298 53 1,807 3,260
Volunteers —4,246 72,732 1,718 119,623 198,319
Coloured 162 2,629 73 21,820 24,684

Total ...... 4,510 7m6),5 1,844 143,250 226,263
Whole number of deaths in Regular Array „, 4,879
Whole number of deaths in Volunteers 246,243
Whole number of deaths in Coloured Troops 29,298
031A6T09Tus.

Total 280,420
Whole number of deaths in Cavalry
Whole number of deaths in Artillery
Whole number of deaths in Infantry • 15,954
226,263

Total ..................... 280,420
From these tables it appears that 5,221 officers and
90,868 enlisted men were killed on the battlefield, or sub-
sequently died of their wounds; while 2,321 officers and
182,010 enlisted men died of disease. So that about one
while only
oenffieceerffieweasr
dsileadinfeinr bevatetrlye
80 Haan
eevueryinitghemen;
hospital.
This
excess of loss of life among the officers in battle is partly
due to the fact that in battle they are expected to lead their
men on ; and still more, it may be; that when sickness
intervenes they have medicines, care, and nourishing
iood that circumstances forbid to be given to the bulk of

he army.
The number of white troops enlisted was almost exactly
2,500,000 men; the number of deaths among them,
251,122, or one death out of ten. The number of coloured
troops
1 of whom 29,298 died, or about one out
of the coloured troops was there-
foreo
rfx nearly
ThelBo,ooo,
double
n
that of the whits; but the death-rate
m disease
was far worse than this. Out
foi was
death-rate
eaalto
of every eight deaths among the white troops
three died on the field of battle, and five from dis-
ease. Out of• every nine deaths among- the blacks, ono
died on the field of battle and eight from'disease. The
negro, as slavery has left him, feeble of will and with but
little moral stamina, is less capable than the white man of
enduring the physical trials of the military services.
The above tables show that the regular.service is .far
safer, both on the battle-field and in the hospital, than the
volunteer force. Out of the same number of troops of
either force seven volunteers would die to six regulars ; the

mortality among the former was nearly 15 per cent. greater
than among the latter.

-
These army records give the precise number of men wh_
died while in their country's service. It does not tell ri
of that great host who, dismissed at their own request fo
disability, went home to die. An examination of the pen-
sion records would partly supply this want ; but the full
number of those who gave their lives to their country can
never be known.