The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-08 00:00:00

FINALE LABOUR.

(From the Times)
It must have been felt by all—and we trust they
were many—who perused the essay on female
labour in our impression of yesterday, that the ques-
tion has not been proposed for public discussion a
single hour too soon. The subject is indeed an
urgent Qne, and it comes home with irresistible
• force to a large and important class of modern
society. In a few words, the case is simply this :
—Womeni in all ranks alike, are presumed to be
naturally dependent on men for subsistence as well
as protection. They are not regarded as possessing
any substantive capacity. It is supposed, not un-
reasonably, that a young girl will marry; and if,
therefore, she is fitted by suitable accomplishments
to become•the companion and helpmate of a man in
her own position of life, her acquirements are
thought to be sufficient. That is the original theory
—the fundamental assumption on which our cus-
tomsjabinu
Idt e tooaa
fttoften,eawmarriagen mtabna ti
s .this
eitheriwith
it theorynt he never
proceed. It happens, however, unfortunately,
r
ersi
obligationupset
eibaytn facts
fa l
si, ;r..;
porting herself instead of receiving support from
another. Now, what, in such an event, is found to
' occur ? Why, that the misery and suffering which
ensue are sufficient to convict our system of folly.
We are all wrong in the matter, there cannot be a
doubt. Women, as every day's experience proves,
are thrown in thousands of instances on their
own resources for subsistence, whereas these
resources are, by the usages of modern life,
so closely circumscribed that they are utterly in-
adequate to sustain the demands which are made
upon them. For some time past the subject has
weighed upon thoughtful minds, but at the recent
meeting for the promotion of Social Science it was
discussed in regular fop), and with great ability,
by Miss Parkes. The essay of this lady was after-
wards reproduced in the Englishwoman's journal,
a periodical sustained entirely by the class ad-
dressed in its title, and from that publication trans-
ferred to our own pages. In commending it to the
attention 'of our readers we shall deal:ra4 her with the
general. argument than with the statistics intro-
duced, for it is a case in which every man's own
knowledge will supply him with abundant illustra-
tions of the principles laid down.
In the ranks of the aristocracy privision is in-
' variably made for the female members of the class.
The endowment in many cases may be slender
enough, but still there it is, and here, therefore,
theory and fact correspond with each other. High-
born women are not left with the necessity of get-
ting their bread, and there is accordingly no need
for shaping their education towards this contingency.
But the moment we quit the -confines of this narrow
class the difficulty begins. In the middle classes wo-
men are left so frequently without any resources but
their own that Miss Parkes,dittnot hesitate to appeal
directly to her audieneeforproof of her proposition.
" Probably every person present,." said she, " has a
female -relative or .intimate—friend whom trade
failures, the exigencies of a numerous household,
or the early death of husband or father, has com-
pelled to this course. It is in the experience of
" every family." Such
,being the case, what pre-
cautions are taken to meet a liability so obvious
and so urgent ? The answer is unsatisfactory in
the extreme. For educated women there is held
to be but one profession available—that of a gover-
ness, and, as a natural consequence, it is so over-
crowded and so ill-remunerated as to be one of the
worst trades in the world. Excepting in rare in-
stances, not one of the 15,000 governesses pursuing
their calling in these islands can save a sixpence
against the needs of old age or want. They live
from hand to mouth, with no other support than
may be gleaned from their own " Benevolent Insti-
tution," which, though excellently organised and
conducted, cannot answer half the claims upon it.
There is no trade going in which so much good
ai)ility is combined with so much patient drudgery
to produce such sorry fruit. The immediate source
of this evil is, of course, the overcrowding of the
profession, and this is due probably to two princi-
pal causes. One is the lingering desire for " gen-
tility," which cannot be satisfied with any less re-
cognised pursuit ; the other lies in the previous
education, which has furnished no qualification for
any other calling.
What can a woman do who is never called upon
to fulfil the duties of wife and mother, or who,
having accepted these duties, is suddenly left to
contend :with the world alone ? The accomplish-
ments presumed to qualify her for housekeeping
are• soon exhausted indeed, at the best they
teach only how to spend money, or to save it, not
how to get it. A lady who has taken more kindly
than usual to her own teachers can proceed to
teach others—that is, she can add one more to the
crowd of governesses, and increase the depreciation
of the wares in which she deals. But after this
resort there is none. No other calling is " genteel,"
and, if it were, she has never been trained to it.
She learnt music, drawing, French, and perhaps
another language or two, but these are only accom-
plishments, not useful arts or remunerative pur-
suits. It is remarkable that the stronger sex has
now succeeded in discarding utterly all the fanci-
ful notions about the " three liberal professions."
A gentleman may now-a-days have half-a-dozen
sons, and yet not send one of them to the church,
the bar, or the practice of physic. Commerce in
its thousand branches, engineering in its many de-
partments, the colonies with their countless open-
ings, and literature with the inexhaustible patronage
of an educated public,—all theseoffer pursuits which
have thrown the old professions into the back-
ground. The church has halls of its own, but bar-
risters and physicians have no longer any monopoly
of credit—perhaps scarcely their fair share. T his
break-up of prejudices has operated infinitely to the
relief of" educated male labour," which now en-
joys wider scope and better remuneration than in
any previous age. If " educated female labour"
could but be distributed through an equal variety
of channels, the question proposed at the Bradford
meeting would be in a fair way of solution.
The views taken by Miss Parkes on the subject
are by .no means revolutionary or based upon
any chimerical conception of women's rights or
duties. She would, in fact, accept the prevailing
theory, if it were but practicable. If every
woman could be provided with that protection
which would release her in very. truth from the
liabilities we are considering, that, in Miss Parkes's
opinion, might be the best state of things for us.
But this cannot be, and it is because it cannot be,
and because daily experience shows the absurdity
of our assumptions, that we are recommended to
reform our ways. To this end three simple sug-
gestions are offered,—one that every girl in the
middle classes should be taught some useful art ;
another, that tuition should no longer be regarded
with preference on account of its " gentility ; ' and,
thirdly, that either by saving or insurance some
direct provision should be made for female chil-
dren. It is obvious that, if the latter suggestion
can be followed, the two former will so far become
superfluous, and the course is by no means so diffi-
cult as it might appear to be. A comparatively
small sum of money will enable two or three women
to live together above the reach of want ; it is only
absolute destitution which drives them, ill-armed
and ill-provided, into the great battle of life. For
the rest, it is also evident that if a variety of " useful
arts" can but be recognised as legitimately inviting
the exertions of women, the fatal crush in the pro-
fession of governesses will subside of itself. Here,
then, we arrive at the critical point of the discus-
sion :—What are the arts to which the educa-
tion of women should be directed ? Miss
Parkes indicates the " immense field of paid
social labour," the subsidiary department
of mercantile business, and the inspec-
tion and examination of schools, as offering many
opportunities of the nature required. If a woman
can teach—as it is surely presumed she can when
we insist on making her a governess and nothing
elso—why should not her teaching take a wider
scope ? If she can master the most difficult pieces of
music, could she not work a telegraph ? If she can
could she not
give instruction in foreign languages,
0_ a
keep accounts ? Is net the general capacity
off a
governess equivalent to the general capacitythnk the
clerk ? These are plain questions, and.weeere_y
I hope
answers will be no less plain,
Weant once, and
that a new system may be instituted
who, like men,
that we may no longer see women,for their bread,
must needs turn often to labour
he ranks of one miser-
condemned. unlike men, to t
or left with the single
able and hopeless calling,
alternative of becoming, according to their positions,
either distressed needlewomen or distressed
governesses.

THE SUN.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1859

Lord BRouGHAm is certainly indefatigable. And
it is all for a good and noble purpose that he is
toiling perpetually at these public meetings—not
for any mere trivial self-glorification. It is all to
the end that he may forward the interests of
Popular Education, that he may further the efforts
long making for the wider and wider diffusion of
Useful Knowledge among all ranks and classes,
but especially among' the humbler ranks and the
labouring classes of the population. This noble
and venerable friend of us all—and we may add
in the very words used on Saturday evening by
Lord STANLEY, while so designating him, "when
we speak of Lord BROUGHAM we use those
epithets not as words of courtesy • and
of course, but as expressing the universal
feeling of the public of this country"—that
noble and venerable friend of us all puts en-
tirely out of his own view the fact of his eighty
winters, and strives assiduously still, personally
strives to advance the interests of the educational
movement throughout all parts of this island, as
though he were still in the prime of his life, as he
is certainly yet in the very heyday of his g:nius.
As energetically as when thirty years ago he wa,
furthering that same wholesome and beneficent
agitation to the very uttermost, this glorious and
veteran champion of the cause of Popular Education
is arduously and perseveringly endeavouring to
encourage the multitude at large, but more particu-
larly and peculiarly the rising generation, to advance
that great cause in the most effectual manner of
all, namely-, by essaying as far as in them lies to
educate themselves.

Hence we are scarcely surprised to note
the appearance of the noble, venerable, learneu,
and eloquent ex-Chancellor once more upon
a public platform again, as he has done before
now so repeatedly, speaking energetically in favour
of Mechanics' Institutes as an earnest disciple (he
himself affects to be in this particular really nothing
more), as an earnest disciple of their founder, the
late Dr. BIRKBECK.

The occasion upon which Lord BROUGHAM last
appeared was as recently as Saturday evening, when
the noble and venerable lord occupied the presidential
chair of the Peel Institute at Accrington. There
he spoke, as he almost invariably does upon thes
occasions, at considerable length and very much to
the purpose, of course, and with singular forceful-
ness. With a forcefulness, at least, that would be
singular in regard to any one else. The harangue
delivered by Lord BROUGHAM 'on Saturday was
uttered immediately after the distribution of the
prizes awarded by the Council of the East Lanca-
shire Union of Mechanics' Institutes ! among the
recipients of which prizes it is especially observable
that a number of young women and girls were con-
spicuous. Upon the circumstance of these young
'women. and girls being among the number
of the prizeholders, Lord BROUGHAM well
observed—" Nothing can possibly be more highly
interesting, more deeply important to the best
interests of society than the education and general
training of women. Upon that depends whether
the working man shall have a good housewife for
his wife, whether his children shall have a good
mother to attend them, whether his home shall be
made comfortable and happy to himself, and
thereby a formidable rival, and the best poE-
sible rival, raised to another place, of which other
place I will not go further for the present than
to sav it neither ha-, the comforts of home nor the

innocence of home, nor the instruction. and sound
relaxation, and refreshment of home; but its en-
joyment is obtained by the sacrifice of the domes-
tic duties, by robbing the wife and children of
the pence which are spent there to support the

indulgencies obtained, and, in return for
those indulgencies the health of mind and body
alike are undermined and ultimately entirely
subverted." Hereupon the noble and learned lord
seizes the opportunity that at once suggests itself
to his imagination by this casual allusion—eagerly
seizes the opportunity to express his real senti-
ments in the strongest possible language upon the
sore necessity apparent in numberless directions
for the diminution of the dreadful evils results
from habits of drunkenness by the benign agency
of systematic temperance. " There has been," he
says, "in some quarters a great complaint, which,
however, is not founded on fact, of my having
declared myself at the Bradford Social Science
Congress a convert to the Maine Liquor
Law. I did not declare that I was a convert to
the Maine Liquor Law. I said that we were not
prepared in this country for anything of the kind,
that it would take a ling time to prepare us for it,
but that the greatest care should be taken not to
encourage intemperance if we did not discourage it
—nay, that the greatest care should be taken by
all lawful, moderate, rational means to discourage
it; and that the public mind being prepared
(which I am afraid will not be until after a long
course of discussion and controversy for its en-
lightenment), then, I did not say the Maine Liquor
Law, but a legislative repression, should be applied
to the sale of intoxicating liquors, which fill our
gaols with eriminals and our workhouses with
paupers." And Lord BROUGHAM soon after this
goes on to say :—" I have very high authority
on the subject to which I have been referring
—the authority of one of the most eloquent
preachers who ever appeared in this country—
I would say the most eloquent preacher, and
I speak from having read his sermons and
from having had the advantage also of hearing
him upon one occasion." The noble ex-Chancellor
then makes mention of this felicitous anecdote. He
says :—" When I went with my late lamented
friend Lord DENMAN, the Chief Justice, to hear
ROBERT HALL, I can only say that, at
one part of the admirable sermon which he then
preached, we both, as by one impulse and of one
accord, turned round one to the other and said,
Plunkett !' which was comparing him to the
greatest orator of late times, who, since PITT, Fox,
and SHERIDAN have been no more, is the greatest
orator by much who has been known in this coun-
try. Well, ROBERT HALL was applied to
one day, by a reverend friend of his who called
upon him in the course of the morning, and who
was fatigued with his walk, to give him a little
brandy and water. I will,' said ROBERT HALL,
'if you will give it a right name' What is
that ? ' asked his friend. ' Distilled damnation.'"
Now, ROBERT HALL is a man of great elo
quence, and may be allowed to exaggerate
a little, which I do not. I give you this
as an instance that I might have gone a great deal
further with high authority than I did at Bradford
upon this subject." Reverting to the original sub-
ject of his remarks towards the close of his truly
admirable speech on Saturday at Accrington—a
speech during the course of which he took occasion
to enforce by eulogistic comments of his own some
impressive remarks recently made elsewhere,
namely, during the course of a precisely similar
demonstration at Manchester by his right
hon. friend Mr. DISRAELI, Lord BROUGHAM spoke
thus forcibly upon the possibility of carrying out
the scheme of this very class of institutions. " I
remember," he observed, "it was said that there
was a great difficulty in establishing these institu-
tions for want of apparatus. But it was singular,
when you came to consider it, how much might
have been done with very little apparatus indeed,
and it is worth considering." He then quotes at
length this masterly passage :—" Great progress

may be made with very cheap and simple experi-
ments. Indeed, some of the most important, if not
the most showy, are the least costly and compli-
cated. By far the grandest discoveries in natural
science were made with hardly any apparatus.
A pan of water and two thermometers were
the tools which in the skilful hands of
Dr. BLACK detected latent heat. A crown's
worth of glass, three pennyworth of salt, a little
chalk, and a pair of scales enabled the same great
philosopher to found the system of modern chemis-
try, by tracing the existence and the combinations
of fixed air. With little more machinery the genius
of SCHEELE (the great Swedish chemist) created the
materials of which the fabric was built, and antici-
pated some of the discoveries that have illustrated
a later age. A prism, a lens, and a sheet of paste-
board enabled NEWTON to unfold the composition of
light and the origin of colours. FRANKLIN ascer-
tained the nature of lightning with a kite, a wire,
a bit of riband, and a key. To say nothing of the
great chemist of our own day (DAVY), of whose
most useful, perhaps most philosophical discovery,
the safety-lamp, the principle might have been traced
with the help of a common wire fireguard, eve❑ the
elements of mechanics may be explained by an ap-
paratus almost as simple. To take one instance,
the fundamental property of the lever, and I may
say of the whole science, may it not be demon-
strated by a foot-rule, a knife, and a few leaden
balls of equal size ? The other mechanical powers,
which for the most part are resolvable into the
lever, may be explained with almost equal ease;
and, after all, it is those principles that practical
men must require to have unfolded, and their ap-
plication to mechanism illustrated by figures and
instruments." Having completed which quotation,
Lord BROUGHAM remarks, with humorous frank.
ness, " I have been committing a plagiarism. I
have borrowed this passage ; but it is an innocent
theft, for it is a theft from myseif "—adding wittily,
" It bears, therefore, the same relation to common
theft that suicide does to murder." Long may Lord
BROUGHAM enjoy the opportunity of evidencing
anew (for the general delight and instruction of this
community) his rare ability in this kind of larcenous
appropriation—the appropriation of some of the
earlier fruits of his intellect in its prime for the
more vivid illustration of his ripened views as an
octogenarian.

The reception accorded to the Great Eastern
upon her return to her old moorings between the
Isle of Wight and the Island of England was
worthy of the Leviathan and worthy also of
Southampton. The civic functionaries, " arrayed
in their robes of office and accompanied by all the
corporate regalia," went forth to greet her upon
her return to them as though she had been a
royal highness or some other grand personage.
There was the customary Address " handsomely
engrossed on vellum, with the ancient seal of the
bormigh affixed to it"—there was the Town
Clerk to read it--there was the worshipful
the Mayor to preface the perusal of
the Address with words of graceful compli-
ment. Nothing was wanting to complete
the pageantry and the pomp of the loyal reception
accorded to this Queen of the Ocean upon her re-
turn amongst the lieges she delights to honour by
her prosence. Already (it was on the very day
of her return to Southampton Waters) it has
been notified in these columns how a salute of 17
guns greeted the giant, vessel as she steamed to-
wards the moorings where she will pass the re-
mainder of the present wintry season—in fact, up to

the momentous time when she will enter upon
her first ocean voyage. Before that day
can dawn much remains yet, of course, to be
accomplished with a view to the veritable
completion of her equipment. Meanwhile,
there in those smooth and sheltered waters she can
remain at her moorings without fear of the possi-
bility of any disturbance from wind or weather.
The Isle of Wight is there—as an effectual barrier
from storm—the gigantic natural breakwater of
Southampton. Behind that noble and beautiful
screen from the tempestuous gales of the Channel
the Great Eastern can ride securely at anchor so
long as may be in any way deemed advisable or
convenient. So many advantages indeed combine
to render Southampton Water the most desirable
rendezvous for the great steamship that we
cannot wonder when we find the Mayor of that
great borough enumerating with very comprehen-
sible and very justifiable pride, the most prominent
and the most important in the long catalogue of
those same advantages. That functionary, it will
be seen, upon reference to the report of the pro-
ceedings on Saturday—a report given in full in
another part of our impression of this evening—in
the course of his complimentary address to the
Chairman and Directors of the Great Eastern,
" traced the advent to those waters of the first
steamship belonging to the Peninsular and Oriental
Campany, the whole of whose immense fleet now
rendezvous here ; the construction of their fine
docks, and the selection of the port by the Royal Mail
Company for the arrival and departure of their
ships. Various other steam vessels," he continued,
"frequented the place, and they had at least a
weekly departure here to New York. In fact, all the
facilities of a port requisite for a ship like the Great
Eastern could be found here available. The fact
that a powerful Company like the Peninsular and
Oriental had located itself hero might be something
towards inducing the Great Ship Company to come
here also ; and he could promise them," he said,
" on the part of the municipal authorities, the
Chamber of Commerce, and the inhabitants gene-
rally, all the facilities which an active and ener-
getic people could provide." The formal Address
of the corporation, the address engrossed on
vellum, and sealed with the seal of the
borough, was only a more studied expres-
sion of the sentiments of satisfaction, congra-
tulation, and cordial encouragement already
articulated by the Mayor of Southampton.
It began by assuring the Chairman and the
Board of Directors of the Great Ship Company,
that " We, the Mayor Aldermen, and Burgesses of
the ancient borough of Southampton, avail ourselves
of the earliest opportunity afforded by the arrival
of the Great Eastern steamship within our waters,
under the judicious guidance of her able and skil-
ful commander, Captain Harrison, to give you a
hearty welcome to the town and port of Southamp-
ton, and to express the great satisfaction with
which we view the occurrence of an event
so important in our local history." And
it closed with the earnest words here
following :—" In offering this expression of
our feelings and gratification on this most interest-
ing occasion, we have only to repeat our cordial
welcome to Southampton, and the expression of
our earnest hope that your noble undertaking
will be attended with every prosperity, and that
your exertions may be successful in a commercial
point of view, as they have been a source of plea-
sure to all who have seen the present state of per..
fection of the grandest specimen of naval architec•
tore the world has ever produced." The acknow-
ledgment of this cordial welcome was natu-
rally enough in its way not one jot less corn-
plimentary. Insomuch that as one portion of the
written Reply to the Address, read aloud imme-

diately afterwards by the Chairman of the Board
of Directors, Mr. CAMPBELL, refrained not from
remarking with rhetorical emphasis, " When I look
at the rapid strides in commercial and material
progress which your ancient borough exhibits—
when I see the finest steam fleets in Europe leave
your waters, and return to them laden with the
most valuable products of the world, there can be
no doubt that one of the chief requirements of a
port is supplied in Southampton ; and as it is
the combination in one place of the greatest amount
of facility and adaptation to our rather novel vessel,
which will carry success to our enterprise and the
port we adopt, I need not assure you that it will be
a source of regret to us, considering the persevering
and enterprising spirit of your people, if in all
respects your port does not answer this descrip-
tion." The feeling which dictated those last words,
we rest assured, will be heartily reciprocated by
every intelligent member of our vast industrial and
mercantile population.

ARRIVAL OF THE PRINCE AND PRIN-
CESS FREDERICK WILLIAM- OF PR USSIA.

DOVER, TUESDAY MORNING.

Their Royal Highnesses Prince Frederick Wil-
liam and the Princess Royal arrived here at 2 a.m.,
by her Majesty's packet Vivid, Commander
Allen.

The telegraph states that the train did not arrive
at Calais until 11.30 p.m.--an hour beyond the
usual time.

Lord A. Paget, Lord Sydney, and the Count■
Brandenburg and Blansher received their Royal
Highnesses.
Apartments were prepared at Birmingham's
Royal Ship Hotel.
The Royal party proceeded,at 10 a.m., by special
train to London, under the superintendence of Mr.
S. Smiles. of the South-Eastern Railway Company.
A few minutes before one, the Royal train en-
tered the Bricklayers' Arms Station, •nd their
Royal Highnesses entered her Majesty's carriages,
which were in attendance, and started for Windsor
via the Great Western Railway.
The Scots Fusilier Guards, with their splendid
band, acted as a guard of honour.

His Excellency the Swedish Minister and the
Countess Platen have left Sweden for London. Their Ex-
cellencies are expected in town on Friday next.
The Duke of Newcastle arrived in town from
his seat, Clumber Park, Notts, yesterday.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford left the
Pavilion Hotel, Folkestene, yesterday morning, on a visit
to the Emperor and Empress of the French, at Compiegne.

We are authorised to state that, in consequence of
the dangerous illness of the Dowager Countess of Har►
wood, the marriage of the Earl of Dalkeith with the Lady
Louisa Hamilton is unavoidably postponed.

The Earl of Carrick and Lady Lucy Butler have
arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Mount Juliet, Ireland.
The Earl of Stradbroke has arrived at the
Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, from his seat, Henham
Hall, Suffolk.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived in
town yesterday from Broadlands, Hants.

Lord and Lady Ashburton are detained in Scot-
land, owing to an attack of gout from which his lordship is
suffering.

The Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood returned to
Mickleton Park, Yorkshire, yesterday evening, after at-
tending the Cabinet Council.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Glad-
stone arrived in town yesterday from Audley End, the seat
of Lord Braybrooke.

The Right Hon. W. F. Cowper and Mrs. Cowper
have arrived at their residence in Curzon-street from a tour
of visits.

The Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson arrived in town
yesterday from his seat, Theberton House, Suffolk. -
The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Pierrepoint have arrived
at Claridge's Hotel, from Brackloy.
The Hon. Francis Stonor has returned to town
from Drayton Manor, Staffordshire. •

The Dean of Worcester and Mrs. Peel have left
Farrance's Hotel, Belgravia, for the Bedford Hotel,
Brighton.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

BERLIN, Nov. 8.

It is stated, on reliable authority, that at the
interview held at Breslau, the Emperor of Russia
and the Prince-Regent of Prussia have determined
not to consent to a revision of the Treaty of 1815,
nor to take part in any Congress in which England
is not to be represented ; the last resolution being
proposed by Prussia.

PARIS, Nov. 7.

The preparations for the Chinese expedition con-
tinue with great activity; 8,000 men will probably
take their departure during the first fortnight in
December. No definite appointment of officers has
yet been made to command the expeditionary corps.
12.10 r.m.
The Bourse continues buoyant. Rentes have
again improved, and open at 70f. 20c.

3.30 r.m.
The market closes dull and heavy ; Rentes 70f.,
being a fractional decline since Saturday.

CASSEL, Nov. 7.

The Elector has refused to receive the Address
of the Chamber of Deputies concerning the re-esta-
blishment of the Constitution of 1831.

To-morrow the Second Chamber will pass further
resolutions, probably to forward an Address to the
Federal Diet.

ZURICH, Nov. 7.

Yesterday the French and Sardinian Plenipo-
tentiaries held a conference, lasting from 12 till 2
o'clock; after which a conference of all the Pleni-
potentiaries was held, which lasted until three
o'clock.

In consequence of a fresh incident occurring in
the settlement of the financial question, the signing
of the treaty of peace has been deferred for several
days.

BOLOGNA, MONDAY EVENING.

The National Assembly of the Romagna has
unanimously voted the Regency of Prince Carignan,
and has invested him with full powers.

PARMA, Nov. 7.

The National Assembly of Parma has resolved
upon conferring full powers on Prince Carignan,
and has appointed his Hightiess Regent.

MODENA, Nov. 7.

The Assemblies of Parma and Modena, convoked
yesterday, determined unanimously to-day on elect-
ing Prince Carignan as Regent.