The Sun.
London, England, 1859-07-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 26, 1859.

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AQUATICS.

BANKSIDE REGATTA.

The forty-first annual regatta at Bankside came off yes-
terday, and was, as usual, nnder the able management of
Richard Harris and John Moore. The race was for a purse
and several minor prizes, the distance lying between the
Phcenix Coal Wharf and Smith's Roads. The rowing was
good throughout, the following being the results :

FIRST HEAT.
P. Hurcum and W. Hemmings .... (Blue) 1
W. Winslow and R. Kilby ....(Yellow) 2
G. Dawiins and G. Harris (Green) 0
SECOND HEAT.
W. Pagott and J. Rawlins (White) 1
W. Lane and D. Hemmings (Pink) 2
J. Lane and H. Harris (Red) 0
GRAND HEAT.

Blue
Pink
White
Yellow

SURREY ROWING CLUB.

The members of this club contended on Saturday evening,
from Lambeth to Battersea-bridge, for silver prizes, the
following being the results :
Red
Messrs. Davis, Rata, Hamm, Ayckbourn, and Peters
(coxswain).

Green 2
Messrs. Ellis, Fisher, G. Aylmer, Lowe, and C. Snelson
(coxswain).

,Blue
Messrs. Hughes, Betchley, Stratford, Marshall, and Bradley
(coxswain).

White .
Messrs. Pearsall; Hill, Lambert, May, and Driver
(coxswain).
It was a very desperate race. Red took a trifling lead,
which they held all the way, but only succeeded in winning
by a length and a half. Green took the second place at the
Penitentiary, and held it to Pimlico-pier. White came up,
and rowed them oar and oar to the New Railway Works ;
White then fell astern, and after a desperate race with the
last boat (Blue), White were left in the rear, Green were
second by two boats, White just behind Blue.

PRUSSIA AND TILE WAR.

The reasons which induced the Prussian Govern-
ment to mobilise its army, and the principles upon
which it was ready to concur with the other neu-
tral Powers in restoring peace, have not hitherto
been stated except in a short article in the semi-
official Prussian Gazette. We are now, however,
in receipt of the despatch of Count Schleinitz
written on the very eve of the armistice. The fol-'
lowing is a translation :

" BERLIN, June 24.
" To Count Bernstorff, at London, and the Baron
Bismarck-Schonhausen, at St. Petersburg.
" The rapidity with which military events in
Italy have for some time past succeeded each other ;
the overthrow of the governments of Tuscany,
Parma, and Modena; the insurrections that have
taken place in other parts of the Peninsula; lastly,
the uncertainty prevailing in men's minds as 'to the

probable duration and extent of a contest in which

two powerful empires are engaged; all these causes
have determined the government to mobilise a part
of the Prussian army for prudential reasons, and
at the same time for the sake of its own dignity. ,

" The excitement that has seized hold of Ger-
many, the constantly increasing approach of the
belligerent parties towards the German frontiers,
and the chances of a war, which we have endea-
voured by our counsels most honestly and loyally

to prevent, would have been in themselve sufficient
grounds for justifying our armaments, which, more-
over, merely correspond to those made by our

neighbours.
" On the 'Diller hand you comprehend that we
ought at this moment to be in a position to watch
the march of events, the final result of which may
endanger the equilibrium of Europe by weakening
an empirs with which we are connected through
the Germanic Confederation, and by injuring the
bases of international law, which we have contri-
buted to found, and which the great family of the
states of Europe has an interest in maintaining.
" The attitude we have thought it our duty to
take prejudges in no respect the Italian question,
or the numerous interests at stake in that question.
But the Prince Regent, conscious of his right and
of the duties that impose on him the care of his
own dignity as well as of the interests of his own
country and Germany, could not renounce the ex-
ercise of the influence he rightfully lays claim to,
or by a passive attitude approve beforehand the
changes, which the territorial circumscriptions have
undergone or, may undergo in one of the countries,
whieh is bound to the great family of European
nations by such numerous ties.
" Nevertheless, it would be wrong to suppose
any intention on the part of the Prussian Govern•
went of wishing by precipitate or arbitrary inter-
ference to attempt to aggravate a situation already
full of dangers of itself, and without making a
previous appeal to the other powers, to bring for-
ward such or such a solution of a question, that
trenches on too many interests not to be, as regards
the general welfare, the object of a common4olici-
tude to all the great powers. Quite on the con-
trary. Prussia by her attitude, influence, and
advice can have no other object save that which she
endeavoured a short time back to-attain, in concert
with England and Russia ; she can have but one
desire, that of bringing back into the path of nego-
tiation, with a view to a solution equitable for all,
and containing in itself the guarantees of dura-
bility, a question from which deplorable errors
have removed the common basis which Europe can
and ought to approve, inasmuch as it involves
principles upon which its political and social order
depends.
" Our armaments, I repeat, have no other mean-
ing; they announce no new policy on our part, any
more than they do the wish to add fresh complica-
tions' to those we had hoped to prevent, and the
development of which wo have been incessantly
observing with anxiety & and regret. We desire
peace, and making that our starting-point, we
confidently address ourselves to the cabinets of
London and St. Petersburg, that we may find, in
agreement with them, the means of stopping the
effusion of blood, and of restoring as soon as pos-
sible to Europe that repose and security which her
moral and material interests demand.

"It is notorious that we have deplored and
energetically disapproved the fatal resolution with
which, at the very moment when the other powers
were endeavouring to find the bases of an equitable
solution, the cabinet of Vienna brought about a
rupture we had hoped to prevent by our common
action. But notwithstanding this error, we are no
less of opinion that Europe, and Germany in parti-
cular, cannot see with indifference the weakening
of a power that by her geographical position and
peculiar configuration has always appeared to us to
be an essential element and a natural guarantee of
the general equilibrium.

" Although we still maintain this principle, we
are, nevertheless, very far from ignoring the
difficulties that beset the simple restoration of a
state of things which has led not only to war,
but to a series of insurrections gradually spread-
ing through the north and central part of
Italy, and we belive that real and extensive re-
forms will be a surer and juster mode of maintain-
ing order and tranquillity in those provinces, than
those violent measures and that display of military
force which are quite as onerous to Austria as out
of proportion to the resources of her Italian pro-
vinces. Similarly we are of opinion, that the
treaties in virtue of -which Austria exercised over
several neighbouring states a sort of protectorate
may be replaced by a combination less repugnant
to the views of the peopl,e, and that order and

legality, without which all prosperity and wise
progress are impossible, may have seezger
guaran-
tees than those of which we have just witnessed
the final impotence. "
From what has preceded you will understand
that we, on our part, cannot think of aiding in the

impossible return to a past state of things that has
produced such sad results, and that, on the eon-
trary, we shall eagerly receive any proposition '
tending to reconcile the rights of the Austrian
house with a work of re-organisation based on libe-
ral and conciliatory principles, and which should
appear to us of a nature to satisfy the legitimate
wishes of the Italian peoples.
" We also believe that we are justified in record-
ing the categorical declarations of the Emperor
Napoleon, and his resolution not to make conquests
or territorial acquisitions for France. This inten-
tion, which was clearly and precisely announced
beforehand, and which later declarations have only
served further to confirm, appears to us a precious
pledge for our hope of a pacific solution ; it seems
to us that it is one of the hypotheses on the basis
of which there will speedily be a possibility by a
common understanding of laying down propositions
which we should wish to address to the belligerent
powers conjointly with the courts of London and

Russia.
" Were we to render our ideas on this point more
explicit we should to a certain extent prejudge a
question we so cordially desire to sec brought back
within the pale c f negotiation and European agree-
ment. We are obliged to limit ourselves to the
sketching out of these ideas and sho wing you their in-
timate connexion, and to the proclaiming of our sin-
cere wish to put an end to the evils of a war which,
by approaching the territory of the Germanic Con-
federation, may at any moment impose on us more
direct and pressing obligatioits, and to addressing
ourselves with perfect confidence and unbiassed
frankness to the great powers who, hitherto keep-
ing aloof from this unhappy contest, are obliged,
like ourselves, to interpose in time so as to prevent
a general conflagration.
" We indulge in the hope that you will easily in-
duce the cabinet of London (St. Petersburg) to set
forth to us, with the same frankness that we have
thought it, our duty to use, its views respecting a
solution of the actual complications, and the means

of recommending it to the contending parties. Be
so good at the same time to express to Lord John
Russell (to Prince Gortehakoff) our hope and desire
of uniting our action•and influence with the action
and influence of the English (Russian) cabinet, in
order to hasten the resumption of negotiations , by'
the belligerent powers ; be so kind also as not to
allow any opportunity to escape of rendering quite
clear the idea of a common mediation, on the form
and full extent of which we await with intense in 7
terest the communications with the Government of
her Majesty the Queen of England (his Majesty
the Emperor Alexander) will, we hope, be disposed
to make to us:—Accept, &c.

.. .
(Signed) " SCHLEINITZ."

A SKETCH OF GARIBALDL

(From the Special Correspondent of the'Times.)
MILAN, JULY 21.

I am not greatly inclined to hero-worship, and
never went two steps out of my way to see the face
of any man living; but I have just now travelled
150 miles to press the hand of Garibaldi. I heard
he was at Tirano or Bormio, in the Valtelline, and
left Milan on Saturday last by the evening train to
Camerlata and Como. I embarked in the steam-
boat plying across the lake on Sunday morning,
and rode from Colico along the broad valley of the
Adda as far as Sondrio. At Sondrio I wits told that
Garibaldi's head-quarters were across the moun-
tains, at Lovere, in Val Canonica, on the Lake of
Iseo ; as for the General himself, he was described
as too restless a being ever to remain stationary in
any place. I therefore pursued my journey up the
Valtelline, as far as Tramezza. From the latter
place I walked by moonlight over the Aprica Pass.
to Edolo ; from Edolo I again rode to Lovere,
where I found the General was ill in bed. I saw
him.

At every step during this romantic journey I fell
in with the Chasseurs of the Alps, and bgth
baldi's followers and the whole population had no
theme of conversation save only the adventurous
hero I was in. quest of. At Como I found the depots
of the corps, a body of 2,000 or 3,000 men, which,
in spite of the armistice and peace, receive every
day new recruits. At Sondrio, and all along the
lower valley, the Cacciatori degli Appenini, now
united to their fellow-chasseurs of the Alps, were
echelonnes. At Tramezza we were only a few hours
from the Stelvio Pass, where the last shots in this
war have been exchanged between the Tyrolese
lagers and the Italian sharpshooters. The road
across the Aprica Pass, from the valley of the Adda
to the valley of the Oglio, still bore traces of recent
conflicts. Barricades were thrown athwart the road
on the highest slopes, calculated to break the im-
petuosity of the assailants at the only point where
a rush could be made. At Edolo„ in a deep gorge
jammed in by gigantic green mountains, we were at
the foot of the Tonale Pass, and there also the dread
rifles of the Tyrolese .highlanders were levelled.
against the bad muskets with which Garibaldi's
men have hitherto carried on the unequal conflict,
making up for the inferiority of their weapOns by
undaunted courage and the lavish sacrifice of their
lives. All along the road, at the different minor
head-quarters, I conversed with Garibaldi's men and
officers. It is not rare to find in this singular corps
the common soldier a better informed and educated
man than his epauletted commander. The charm
thrown by the hero of Montevideo over the whole
Italian population has enlisted young men, pro-
fessors, and Scholar& in his rants as mere privates.
Even the veteran Montanelli, once a ruler in Tus-
cany, and. for many years an illustrious exile in
Paris, the author of "Gamma," and other historical
and literary works, quitted his wife in Turin, and
followed his only son, who had embarked as a com-
mon soldier in this perilous venture. Among a
hundred Italians you find, perhaps, five or six ad-
venturers of all other countries, French, Swiss, and
Germans, Spaniards, Americans, of both continents,
and even a Chinese and an Englishman. The latter
I fotind at Turin, at the table d'hote de la Grande
Bretagne, where he announced to ine his intention
to have some sport with the Alpine chasseurs, and
asked for direction as to Garibaldi's where-
abouts. He is a man of near 60, of a tall and
colossal frame, imperfectly acquainted with the
language, and ignorant of most Italian matters.
He professes, lam told, th 3 utmost indifference to
the cause he serves. Between him and his fellow-
combatants there is hardly any intercourse. Gari-
baldi' allowed him to follow his camp. He makes
war at his own expense, and encamps apart from
the corps. He receives no orders, asks for no
information as to the General's movements. He is
indefatigable in the match—intrepid in the fight.
Garibaldi numbers 50, or perhaps 100, of the best
marksmen in Europe, but the Englishman is the
deadliest shot. In the latest encounter on the
Stelvio the Tyrolese never succeeded in wing-
ing a single Garibaldino, while five of their
numbers dropped mortally wounded from the
ramparts, from which they scarcely ventured to
peep ; two of the number fell under the unerring
aim of the Englishman. He is never wanting at
the hour of strife ; he takes this place in some
hidden nook, all alone, aloof from the rest, squatted
on the ground, calm and iinpassionate, taking
leisurely aim, like a sportsman awaiting the lion
or the wild boar at the brook. He has a double-
barrelled rifle, a sabre, but no bayonet, and
takes no part in the 'melee when the Garibaldini
come to close quarters. Some people told him he
must be very strongly devoted to the Italian cause
to come out in arms in its support at his time of
life. He answered, with a yawn, he was very fond
of shooting, and must take part either on one side
or the other. There was an eccentric Frenchman,
also an aged man, who joined Garibaldi at Cuneo
at the outset ; but he had a fancy he could go to
war in his gig ; and somehow his gig broke
down on the first brush with the Austrians at
Casale, and the French amateur was never again
heard of.

Most of Garibaldi's officers, especially the staff
and those who are nearest his person, are old, well-
tried triends, who have borne arms with him in
South America, or who have at least fought by his
side in Lombardy and Rome in 1848-9. Several
sea-captains, chiefly Genoese, who cruised with him,
follow his fortunes by land, as they did for years at
sea. I was for some time in doubt whether the
secret of .This extraordinary man's sway was
grounded on love or fear, but no uncertainty re-
mains now in my mind on the subject. There was
a young captain, indeed, who told me he would
rather face a hundred Austrians than address even
the most necessary question to Garibaldi when he
appears among his men with the brim of his Cap
pulled down on his brows ; but, on a close inquiry,
I find that this terrible chieftain had as yet no occa-
sion to shoot a single man for insubordination.
Spies, indeed, he has caught and dealt with in a
very summary manner, but on none of his followers
has ever any punishment been inflicted, not even
that most severe punishment of all, expulsion
from the corps. It is the sun of his coun-
tenance and the music of his voice which ex-
ercise a magnetic ascendancy over these men.
He asks of them proofs of almost fabulous daring ;
but he is with them at the sorest need, always
foremost among them. The hero of a hundred
fights, always distinguishable for his tall stature,
lofty bearing, and somewhat fanciful costume,
Garibaldi was never wounded. His followers aver
that the Tyrolese no longer turn their rifles towards
him, as they are convinced that the man has made
his bargain with the devil, and sold his soul to
render his body bullet-proof. The example of the
chieftain has engendered a belief among his fol-
lowers that the greatest safety lies in the utmost
daring, and Garibaldi never points to any impreg-
nable stronghold at which his chasseurs will not
dash, whether it be in the power of human beings
to storm it or not. Sam up all the deeds of the