The Sun.
London, England, 1866-04-14 00:00:00

N; i:47 THE SUN, LONDON, STURDAY EVENING, APRIL 14, 1866

prestige, and the maintenance of our naval power, of the ha 'beat corpus are, in time of peace, dangerous
and with such strong religions differences that it to -obit 3 liberty, incompatible with individual
would be impossible to precede democracy by
a.n
universal system of education, the experiment WOrAid
be a ruinous one. Even in the States of New En-
gland, education did not follow but precede, the esta-
blishment of democracy. Further, air BULWER
LITTON showed tha $r America as in Frace,
where universal sugo. was adopted, then n-
fluence of the Revresentative Assembly was
something very different from what it was in
England. " The more you lower the standard
of the constituency," he remarked, " below the
average education of the country, the more you
will transfer the intellectual power of this house
to some Upper Chamber, whether it be
an English House of Lords or an American
Senate." This axiom is sound enough, no doubt,
but first we must ascertain what that level would
be. Certainly not a 27 franchise. However much
the opinions or expressions of other honourable
members may have been misapplied or misunderstood,
the member for Hertfordshire left no room for
the most sensitive Democrat to take umbrage at his
words. In the true spirit of an English gentleman
he expressed what many politicians on both sides
must have felt—a regret that the nature of the dis-
cussion necessitated the separation of the working
class from the rest of the community, and thus
rendered it difficult to argue against Democracy
without wounding the honourable pride of labour.
" What man of letters," exclaimed the Author, the
Dramatist, and the Poet, " does not revere those
lofty aspirations of the educated artisan towards a
more perfect form of human society, which
may, indeed, be Utopian, but which form
an eternal link between the aims of edu-
cated labour and the dreams of philosophy
and genius?" But the objection which he raised
against the preponderance of the working classes
would be declared to be equally strong against
any other influence. " I should have the same
objection," he insisted, "to the prepon-
derating influence of scholars and men of
science, or of great merchants, or of a territorial
aristocracy." The want of unity in political senti-
ments among the working classes would not, in his
opinion, counteract the evil, and he humorously
defended his position by an illustration of the effect
which a majority of members returned by clergy-
men of different politics would have on a
church-rate division, or a majority of farmers,
representatives on the question of the malt
tax ! The questions at issue between labour
and capital are not, however, so numerous
as to have mush weight in the scale, while the in-
fluence of capital among the Legislative classes'
would always be strong enough to take carte of it-
self. The best answer to this constantly recurring
threat of a democratic Parliament is to be found in
the Constitutional safeguard. The Constitution
contemplated the representation of all classes, and
took care that numbers alone should not preponde-
rate by withholding the payment of members. No
man can afford to surrender his time to public busi-
ness unless he is in a position which insures some
degree of education and independence, some know-
ledge of the world, and some mingling among the
educated ranks and classes whatever his natural
origin. So long as this security is preserved, we
can never have that assembly of demagogues and
mob orators which some timorous spirits seem to

rights, contrary to the genius and spirit of Ameri-
can institutions, and ought not, therefore, to be
sanctioned except in cases of necessity, for repelling
invasion, xnd suppressing rebellion." It is a de-
cided new ,tive to the justness of the course pur-
sued by -the Republican_ party that the PRESIDENT
should deszlare that the policy of the Federal Go-
vernment, from the beginning to the end of the

rebellion, has been in conformity with the principleF
set forth in the Proclamation, and affords un-
mistakeable evidence that however slowly the
PRESIDENT may be proceeding in his course, he is
not tho less sure and stedfast in pursuing his
object. After this significant manifestation we do
not see how the Southern States can any longer be
excluded from sending their representatives to

Congress.
The Senate has not yet taken action upon the
passing of the Civil Rights Bill over the PRESI-
DENT'S veto. The Democrats have gained largely
since the last election in Connecticut, for General
HAWLEY, of the Republican party, has been elected
Governor by a majority of not more than five hun-
deed votes. The line which is likely to be taken
at head-quarters respecting the Mexican policy
has been in some degree indicated by
the circumstance that Mr. SEWARD has
entertained at dinner Madame JUAREZ, the
wife of the Mexican PRESIDENT. This will give
great dissatisfaction in some quarters, and will be
received very unfavourably at Paris. Perhaps it
was done expressly that the French Government
might take an indirect hint, and so save the awk-
wardness to both sides of a direct intimation, an
open remonstrance. A resolution has been intro-
duced into the House of Representatives which
refers to the American fishing fleets being warned
off the fishing grounds adjacent to their coasts by

the Governors of the British Provinces ; and the
Secretary of the Navy is requested to send a suffi-
cient naval force to the fishing grounds to protect
the citizens "in the enjoyment of their rights as
recognised by the Treaty of 1783 and subsequent
treaties."

On the whole we may conclude that the intelligence
received by this last mail from America has been
the best that we have received for a long time, and
furnishes us with good grounds for hoping that a
termination may be speedily put to the unhappy
condition of the Southern States, which has given
all independent men considerable anxiety for some
time past, and indeed threatened at one time to
become a disgrace to the Federal Government, not
merely of a temporary character, but a lasting
dishonour to them in the annals of history.
It is quite out of character to suppose
that any portion of the Anglo-Saxon race
would consent to the policy of those extremists who
would have trampled down all reason and right,
and reigned supreme by mere force of arms and
violence of demeanour. Such was quite inconsistent
with what the world had seen of the character of
the Confederates during the late war so gallantly
maintained by them under most fearful difficulties
and against such desperate odds. The dawn of a
new era in the Government of America will be
welcomed by all who desire the peace and prosperity
of that great people, so worthy of a grand destiny.

CORRESPONDENCE PROM PARIS.

ear.

It must have been a satisfaction to the ad-
vocates of the measure, after the formidable
attacks of Sir BULWER LYTTON, to see so able a
representative of their side of the question
as the new member for 'Westminster rise in his
place. Mr. ST DART Ma 's speech was remarkable
for its temperance, its moderation, and its close
and accurate reasoning. Referring to the possible
measures to be introduced in a reformed Parliament
he very happily asked if the framers of the Bill of
1832 had been told that in consequence of that
measure the corn-laws would be repealed, free
trade established, penny postage introduced, the
colonies self-governed, and other kindred measures
carried, would the Bill have been passed ? The
progress of events and of knowledge gradually
educated the public mind, and no doubt we should
yet pass the measure which at present all
classes were quite unprepared for. The sufficient
representation of the working classes Mr. MILL
declared to be, in his opinion, the greatest improve-
ment they could make, and though he would have
been happy to have accepted others with it, he was
still willing to accept it alone. This was spoken in
the true spirit of a genuine Reformer, and in this
spirit we hope the great body of the Liberal party
will think and act.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Friday Evening.
The Journal des Debats, arguing as it says from

its own private sources of information in regard to
Germany, professes its disbelief in the amicable
sentiments and views of M. de Bismark :—" The
desire of humbling Austria, and of obtaining fresh

riggranclieemon.t. at iii expc,nze, hns4 become a violent
and impatient passion with the Prussians, which
King William the First shares, and of which M. de
Bistnark is the faithful interpreter."
'The Sidele says :—" Without being the least in

the world in the secret of what is said and thought
at Vienna at the present moment, it can be safely
asserted that great embarrassment and uneasiness
prevails there. It would not be good for the
Empire of Austria, confused as it is present, that

universal suffrage, that is to say the most manifes

_ .
expression of national feeling and popular right,
should be established in Germany, at the risk of
turning everybody's head in the provinces not
German, hitherto in submission to the house of
Hapsburg."
M. Cavillier Fleury was yesterday elected a
member of the Academie Francaise, in the room of
M. Dupin. The number of votes was 32. M. Fleury
had 20; M. Henri Martin, 11; and M. do Chain-
pagney, 1.

The Moniteurhas no official part to-day. The
Legislative Body is occupied with the important
subject of the Mercantile Marine. The mercantile
navy is alleged to be suffering under great distress,
and to be in a declining state. The Government
has, therefore, introduced measures having for their
object to relieve it from various burthens and to
give it development. In short, the spirit of the pro-
posals is the relaxation of the Navigation Laws, an
object which has hitherto met with great opposition
in France.

President JOHNSON may certainly be congratu-
lated upon the success he has met with since he suc-
ceeded to the Presidency under such adverse circum-
stances. By-.determination, skill, and foresight, he
has accomplished great things, and effected marvels,
considering the difficulties in which he was placed.
The best proof of the strength which he has gained
may be seen in the Proclamation which he has just
issued concerning the Southern States. This may
be considered a master-stroke of policy, and we
may well rejoice that he has been able to carry out

The conference of the ministers and members of
the consistories of all the Protestant churches,
which usually take place at this season of the year,
to consult upon various points connected with the
Protestant religion, has just been held at the Pro-
testant church, the Watoine, in the Rue St. Honore.
More than usual excitement prevailed in conse-

his benevolent intentions and advocate his states-
manlike views. The prosperity of the Republic
depends in a great measure upon the manner in
which the Confederate States are dealt with at this
juncture, and we may fairly state that had there
unfortunately chanced to be a President who had
followed out the plans cf the Republican party a
most disastrous effect would have been produced,
and at some time near or distant the war would
have been renewed with increased bitterness of
spirit and acrimony of feeling. The language of
this Proclamation is temperate but firm, and leaves
no reason to doubt the intentions or mistrust the
purpose of him who sends it forth. It states that
whereas at different times in 1861 and 1862 the
PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES declared certain
States to be in insurrection, and Congress adopted
resolutions declaring that war was waged entirely
to maintain the supremacy of the Constitution, and
that as now these objects were accomplished, the
war ought to cease and as no armed resistance now
exists in those States lately insurrectionary, and the
people therein have indeed conformed to the " con-
dition of affairs growing out of the Constitutional
A
theislasvuenr.yee,tionin Georgia,PRESIDENT
thereforemenden m
proclaims prohibiting
the insurrection
North and South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee,
Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas Mississippi, and
Florida to be ended, and henceforth to be so re-
garded." Such bold words have not been heard
for some time in the councils of the United States

quence of the difference upon some doctrinal points,
which led to the dismissal of M. Martin Paschoud,
which I have mentioned. M. Paschoud was pre-
sent, and many members of the Church from the
departments. M. Guizot, the honorary President
of the Society of the History of French Protestant-
ism, in adverting, with regret, to the recent diffe-
rences among the body, expressed his attachment
to religious liberty, provided that this liberty was
not dangerous to the Faith. He defended Faith in
the all-powerful Creator, and in supernatural be-
lief as the foundation and root of the Protestant
religion. Political and liberal convictions, however
sincere• they might be, could offer no example of
the perseverance which religious faith had given to
the world. The orator, in conclusion, recommended
the faithful to have a liberal spirit and a mild
heart. Some doctrinal points which it was intended
to submit were withdrawn, on the ground that
their discussion might lead to differences and
schism.

the of Southern
earance as an
States, and we may hail their app
concerning the rights and privileges
omen that better times are at hand,
and that a
really liberal policy may succeed the rule of terror
and the season of misrule that have so long
pre-
vailed. Very truly is it said in this Proclamation
that people who have revolted, and have been con-
quered, must either be treated so as to become
friends, or else be held by absolute military
power, and that this " last-named policy is ab-
horrent to humanity and freedom ; also it is
averred that " standing armies,
military oecupa-
don, martial law, military tribunals, and guspensiou

Billancourt, near Paris, this morning committed
suicide by hanging himself to the bed-post. For
about a fortnight past he had complained that
he was always suffering such severe pain that he
would put an end to it. His wife, although not
exactly alarmed, had since watched him carefully.
During her very brief absence, however, this morn-
ing, he carried his alleged intention into effect, and
on her return into the room he was quite dead.
There was no pecuniary embarrassment ; on the
contrary, he had a good business, and was reputed
to be rich.

A remarkable cure by the transfusion of blood

has been effected at Benais, not far from Tours.
A gardener, while planting, splintered the palm of
his hand, which bled so profusely that death must
have ensued instantly if assistance had not been
instantly procured. A doctor, however, was im-
mediately sent for, who took blood from a neigh-
bour and introduced it into a vein in the left arm
of the man who was wounded. In a few minutes

the patient recovered the use of his senses which he
had quite lost, and is now perfectly well. The sur-
geon is of opinion that death must have ensued if
the operation had not been resorted to.
To-day the weather has again been of a very
extraordinary character. To say, it was hot would
not be sufficient. It has really been a sultry day
like the days of July. The air has been so oppres-
sive that there has been much fear of another

thunderstorm, which seems imminent.
The prize cup, which is to be run for next Sun-
day, in the Bois de Boulogne, is a beautiful work of
art.. The artist is M. Maillat. It is of chased
silver, and represents Victory, in the semblance of
a young woman, who holds over her head the palm
which shehad just gained by conquest. This statue
of Victory is placed on a pedestal of worked silver
in the style of Louis XVII., and is beautifully exe-
cuted and modelled by M. Madrouse. It comes
from the workshop of the eminent silversmith,
Messrs. Christopher and Co. The value is 100,000 f.,
and the winner will also have 10,000 f. in money.

The Sport says that the King of Greece will
shortly be officially affianced to the Grand Duchess

Neva of Russia, but the marriage ceremony will
not take place until the King shall have embraced

the Greek religion. The Grand Duchess %Veva is
the second daughter of the Grand Duke Constan-
tine, and is 13 years old. King George of Greece
is 21.

Sir Bulwer Lytton and Mr. Mill.
_,____

The following are among the opiriions expressed
by our contemporaries in regard to the two remark-

able speeches delivered las; evening in the House of
Commons, the one by Sir Bulwer Lytton, the other

by the new member for Westminster :

The Times says :—lf any evidence were wanting to
prove the false position it which the Ministry have
unfortunately landed themselves, it might be found
in the speech of Sir G. Grey last night. Sir G. Grey
is one of the members of the house not adequately

appreciated by the public. Possessing considerable
powers of expression, he is unequalled, much less
surpassed, in the facility with which on ordinary
occasions he can conduct a long and involved sen-
tence to its conclusion. Ile is singularly calm, argu-

meutative, logical, and temperate. In everything
he says there is a certain quality which we may
almost call sweetness, disarming the virulence, if
not the force, of opposition. But last night every-
thing was changed. Instead of his usual placidity
there was anger, instead of the serenity which has
so often excited the admiration of his hearers, there
were ruggedness, impetuosity, broken utterances,
inconsequent sentences, and the spectacle, in short,
of a good man struggling with difficulties not of his
own creation. The usual characteristics of the
speaker had disappeared, and the legislative tent-
per, accustomed to moderate the contests of party,
had given way to a fiery spirit indicating the hope-
lessness of his argument, and the impossibility of
any statesmanlike result of the Government policy.
No one can regret more than ourselves the conse-

quences of the fatal mistake the Ministry have com-
mitted. The solution of a great question, which
every one admits ought to be solved, was possible
when the advisers of ,the Crown, in au evil hour,
Enteric(' to insidious connsellois. .Now the attempt
to recall the combatants to the main question at

issue is almost hopeless. It seemed at the com-
mencement of the discussion of last night as if the
debate might be lifted into s higher sphere than is
usual in Parliament. The elaborate speech of Sir
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the argument of Mr.
Mill, touched upon the deepest points at issue,
but the unfortunate way in which the Reform
question has been brougit before the llouse
of Commons almost immediately withdrew at-
tention from them. There was in the reasoning of
Mr. Mill a singular forgeifulness, or perhaps we
should say ig,narance, of tie actual conditions of
political life, and a corresponding indifference to
what they might become should the Franchise Bill

of the Government be passed by Parliament. We
cheerfully admit, with Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton, with
every one, indeed, who has given any attention to
the subject, the virtues which on the whole charac-

tense the working men of England ; we acknow-
lege, with Mr. Mill, the advantage of admitting to
the national Legislative Assembly some members
who might be animated by their hopes, who might
speak their thoughts, who might give utterance to
their arguments. We will go further, and say that
no one can reasonably expect every Reformer to
reveal all he hopes to accomplish in a Reformed
Parliament, though we must observe, in contradic-
tion to Mr. Mill, that the Reformers of 1832 told
their opponents what they expected to do, though
they did not, because they could not, tell them of
the things then un-hoped for which they have since
realised. The Reform Bill of 1832 was, however,
passed because the people of England awoke to a
consciousness that they were ill governed. The
Franchise Bill of 1866 has no such popular impulse.
Mr. Mill dreams of a time when the agency of a
central Government shall extinguish crime,
pauperism, ignorance, and even disease, apparently
unconscious of that tide of voluntaryism which
would not allow an attempt at National Education
to be made, and less excusably using language which
would seem to intimate that he was unaware of
the absolute impossibility of repressing these evils
by legislation. We pass from the discussion of
suggestions which could only prejudice Reform,

and ask what answer was attempted to Lord
Stanley's argument of Thursday ? The answer
must be nothing. Mr. Baxter, like Mr.
Mill, and others who followed on the same side,
attempted to distinguish Lord Stanley from the
other supporters of Lord Grosvenor's amendment,
and seemed to think that, having made the dis-
tinction, it was unnecessary to reply to his speech.
No error in tactics could be greater. There are
doubtless Many who will vote for the amendment
who view the Reform question in a manner dif-
ferent from Lord Stanley, but his position. is the
strength of the Opposition. Unless he is an-
swered, nothing is answered. Intrenched with him
are the moderate Liberals, the independent mem-
bers whose antagonism is the true danger of the
Franchise Bill, and to pass them by as unworthy
of notice is to repeat in an exaggerated form the
folly of Sidney Smith's Mrs. Partington. Mr.
Mill declared that thoSe who opposed the Fran-
chise. Bill must be of opinion that if it were passed,
and nothing more
were done, it would, standing
alone, be unworthy of consideration. This issue
does not truly represent the point in dispute, be-
cause the passing of a Franchise Bill would con-
fessedly be the first skirmish of a protracted cam-
paign ; but we are willing to accept the issue.
Mr. Mill is, however, a new member of the House
of Commons ; he was returned, as we believe he
himself acknowledged, by the exercise of the
" heroic virtues," and we believe he has not yet
served on an election committee, certainly that he
did not serve on the committees which investigated
the returns for Totnes and Great Yarmouth, or on
the committee which is investigating the Notting-
ham election. We challenge any one to assert his
belief that a reduction of the franchise to £7, re-
taining the existing constituencies, would secure a
better representation of the working classes, a more
effective legislative body than that we at present

A story about smoking is very prettily told in a
literary paper, A widow, young and handsome,
had a loyal' ; but although she bad sworn not to
marry again, every day she seemed upon the
point of perjuring herself. She bad a particular
aversion to tobacco. One day her lover screwed
his courage up so far as to ask permission to
smoke. The lady was bewildered with astonish-
ment, but being told by the gentleman that there
was some affinity between love and a cigar, she
assured him that if he could prove the fact he might
convert her salon into a tap-room.
_The lover pro-
ceeded to argue that the flame of love could be
lighted in various ways, just as there were several
modes of lighting a cigar, by a pipe-light, by the
cigar of another person, and by a lucifer. In youth
the head was inflamed too quickly by love, just as
some cigars burnt out too speedily. There was,
perhaps, some danger if love were extinguished,
but if the fire of a cigar went out, it could easily be
re-lighted. The pure flame of love, however, like a
good cigar, never was burnt out. The lady was
convinced by the arguments. The lover was so
earnest that his cigar was extinguished, while he
talked and discontinued to smoke it. The widow,
yr etcoollheecrt,edantdh,a a n
ina
offer
i nogf
ma at r
rtihaeg
efi re,
had sbuededne n
madel
mild voice, said, " Henry, light your cigar."
grocer named Yillewy, about 70, residing at

possess.
The Daily News says ;--." Sir E.Buliver Lytton;

in the course of a brilliant and effective speech,

pointed out, with good show of reason, that, as a
class, agricultural labourers were at least as well

entitled to tho consideration of the Legislature as

those of the same social standing who dwelt in

;owns; but for its present purpose the House of

Commons may admit, and in fact does admit, the

necessity of admitting considerable numbers of

;he artisan class within what it has become the
'ashion to call the pale of the Constitution. Even

opponents will, we think, admit that up to the pre-
sent time Mr. Mill's is the great speech of the de-

bate ; and that so masterly an argument has seldom
on any subject been addressed to the House of
Commons as that which they heard from him last

night. Misgivings were at one time justifiable,
and almost unavoidable, that in bis election

philosophy had lost more than Parliament has
gained ; but these doubts can be entertained
no longer. Mr. Mill, who has mastered
many more difficult things, has proved that
the arts of debate and the physical accomplishment
of addressing the House of Commons were not

beyond his reach. and has acquired a position which
even :country gentlemen who were at Oxford
before the Moral Sciences Tripos came into
existence, and to whom the " Principles of Poli-

tical Economy" and the " System -of Logic"
are no better known than the last books of
Livy, will be able to understand. Differing as
they did on almost every point under discus-

sion—on the intrinsic merits of the Government
measure, and on the propriety of separating in
legislation the extension of the franchise from the
distribution of seats—Sir Bulwer Lytton and Mr.
Mill were in accord upon question, on which it is
our fortune to have already expressed, and to have
been taken to task for, an opinion identical with
theirs. Sir E. Bulwer Lytton, speaking as a lead-
ing member of the Conservative party, advanced
that theory of the representation of classes which
we have demurred to as illiberal, but which some
of our contemporaries pronounce to be the only
true Liberal doctrine.

The Morning Star says :—Two men of genius
addressed the House of Commons yesterday on the
great question now before it for settlement. Sir
Bulwer Lytton enjoys throughout England that
graceful and genial popularity which arises from
the wide and cordial appreciation of a vernacular
classic, and though he too seldom addresses the

LA TEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

PRUSSIA AND BAVARIA.

MUNICII, APRIL 14.

The official Bagerische Zeitung says :—" The
'statements of some German papers that an under-
standing had been arrived at between Bavaria and
Prussia, respecting the proposals of the latter for a
reform of the Federal Constitution, are entirely
devoid of foundation.
" The Bavarian Government is as unacquainted
with the nature of these proposals as are the Govern-
ments of the other German States, but it is ready
to examine them whenever they shall be submitted
to its consideration."

SPAIN.
MADRID, APRIL 13, Evening.

A Royal decree has been promulgated limiting the
.ntroduction of Asiatic colonists into Cuba, in con-
ormity with Articles 23 and 25 of the regulation of
1860.

FRANCE.
,BOURSE, April 13, Three o'clock.—The market
closed at the following quotations :-
41 per Cents 96
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 66 40
Do. end month 66 15
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month :

Unis —
Do. end month —

Orleans
Northern

Bank Shares 3450
Italian Loan 53
Do. end month 53 15
Mexican Loan 4l 25
Do. Bonds 267 50
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred

rAYS.
Cash.

Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern

Acct.
-- •• • 802 50
1075

845
- ••• 525 -
- 530 -
- ... 520 -

___
... 92 50
Sardinian
Austrian — ... 350

Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

- -
... 365 -
- - ... 135 -
- - ... 180 -

- - ... 80 -

House of Commons his speeches always add a grace
and intellectual interest to its proceedings. Mr.
John Stuart Mill had virtually his first appear-
ance to make, and the excitement occasioned in
the house by his first set speech was
equally attributable to the greatness of his pre-
vious fame and to the noble success of his
Reform argument. Placed in contrast the two
speeches suggest how the most generous of personal
sympathies may be chilled into practical cynicism
by 'political prejudices, and glow fully the really
philosophical mind, when allied to an open and
kindly heart, can apply itself to every situation in
public affairs.
The Morning Herald says .—The most remarkable
feature of last night's debate was a couple of speeches
delivered by two of the most distinguished literary
men of the age ; by the greatest of living novelists,
and the greatest living master of economical
science. It would be as unworthy and ridiculous
on our part to depreciate the knowledge, philo-
sophic thought, and lucid style of John Stuart Mill,
as it is in some of our Liberal contemporaries to
sneer at and make light of the exquisite taste and
brillant imagination of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton,
because he does not happen to share their political
opinions. The encounter was an interesting one,
if its result was not quite what might have been
expected. The advantage certainly appeared a
priori, to be on the side of the profounder writer.
There is very little trace of politics, and still less
of political study, in the novels which have com-
manded so weep an interest, and so warm an admi-
ration from the educated youth of England, and
won for their author a higher reputation, and a
more solid, if not a wider popularity than has
been achieved by any writer of English fiction
since Sir Waltei Scott. Mr. Mill, on the other hand,
has been all his life a political student, and next to
his economical works, the best known and most
valuable of his writings have reference to the very
questions which are involved in the discussion of
Parliamentary Reform. And yet the palm, not
merely of eloquence but of political thought, of
sound reasoning, and of political statesmanship,
in last night's encounter, certainly did not fall to

AMERICA.

The Royal Mail steamship Australasian, from
New York on the 4th inst., arrived at Queenstown
at 630 p.m. yesterday. She brings 112 passengers
and 411,000 in 'specie. She landed eightpassengers
and all the mails, except those for Liverpool, con-
sisting of 116 sacks, and proceeded immediately for
Liverpool ; all well. _

- .
(Via Roche's Point.)
NEW YORK, April 4, Morning.
In the Senate the Finance Committee have re

ported the Loan Bill without amendments, as re-
ceived from the House of Representatives.
General Hawley, of the Republican party, has
been elected Governor of Connecticut by a majority
of 500 votes. The Democrats have gained largely
since the last election.

The Senate has not yet taken action upon the
question of passing the Civil Rights Bill over the
President's veto.

The following resolution has been introduced in
the House of Representatives :

" Wheras the Governors of the Britsh Provinces
have warned the American fishing fleets off the
fishing grounds adjacent to their coasts, thus indi-
cating a design to renew the unreasonable claims
made prior to the Reciprocity Treaty, and to annoy
peaceable commerce, the Secretary of the Navy is
requested to send a sufficient naval force to the fish-
ing grounds to protect the citizens in the enjoyment
of their rights as recognised by the treaty of 1783
and subsequent treaties."
The Governor of Vermont has appointed Mr.
George Edmonds to be a Senator, vice Mr. Foote,
deceased.

Mr. Seward has entertained Madame Juarez, the
wife of the Mexican President, at dinner.

The public debt of the United States on the Ist
of April amounted to $2,827,000,000. The balance
in the Treasury at the same date was $122,000,000.

President Johnson has issued the following pro
clam ation

" Whereas the President of the United States at
different times in 1861 and 1862 declared certain
States to be in insurrection, and during July, 1861,

the member for Westminster. On such a subject
Mr. Mill could hardly fail to say something that
was new, and a good deal that was worthy of
consideration ; but his speech fell far short of that
which preceded it, not merely in its immediate
effect upon the audience, which might be prejudiced
in favour of the more popular and parliamentary
eloquence of the practised orator, but in weight of
matter and elaborate reasoning. The comparison
is a very fair one ; for both speeches were evidently
deliberate and premeditated efforts, into which the
speaker put his whole mind and power, and which
contained the sum and substance of his thought and
knowledge. And the victory of Sir Edward Bulwer
Lytton was certainly complete and more evident
than we could have expected ; and the verdict
signified by the enthusiastic applause of the House
of Commons will, as we think, be confirmed by most
unprejudiced readers of this morning's report.
The Morning Standard says :—" Sir Bulwer
Lytton followed Mr. Baxter in a magnificent
speech, which cannot fail ;to produce an immense
effect upon the country, as it did upon the
House of Commons. Studded with epigram, en-
riched with felicitous illustration, rising in almost
every other sentence to the highest eloquence, and
always grappling with the question before the
House, the oration of the right honourable baronet
will rank amongst his highest and happiest efforts.
The Standard adding :—The speech of Mr. Stuart
Mill was far more worthy of his high reputation,
although as an oratorical effort, perhaps a greater
failure than any he has addressed to the House."
The Morning Advertiser says :—Last night the
Chancellor of the Exchequer was again badly
treated. Sir E. B. Lytton showed him no mercy,
but gave him, with telling force, a succession of
blows under which he must have smarted much.
In fact, :Mr. Gladstone was the chief target at
which all the Opposition fired off their guns. Earl
Russell, although Prime Minister, and consequently
assumed to be the author, as he certainly is the
sponsor of the Reform Bill, escaped with a very few
superficial scars, while Mr. Gladstone is already
seriously wounded in the battle, although it is
destined to rage for several days to come. So far
as the debate has yet gone, it cannot be denied by
even the greatest friends of Ministers, that they
have been worsted in the encounter. They have
suffered severe damage.

Congress adopted resolutions declaring that war
was waged solely to maintain the supremacy of the
Constitution, and to preserve the Union with all
the dignity and quality of the rights of the States
unimpaired, and that as soon as these objects were
accomplished the war ought to cease ;
" Whereas no organised or armed resistance to
Federal authority exists in the late insurrectionary
States, and the proper Federal or States' civil
authority can enforce the laws therein, and the
people are loyally disposed, and have conformed, or
will conform, by legislation, to the condition of
affairs growing out of the Constitutional amendment
prohibiting slavery ;
" Whereas, in view of the before-recited premisses,
it is the manifest determination of the American
people that no State, of its own will, can secede
from the Union, and that therefore each State
ought to remain and constitute an integral part of
the United States ;
"Whereas the people of the said insurrectionary
States, in the manner aforesaid, have given satis-
factory evidenee of acquiescence in this sovereign
and important resolution of national unity ;
" Whereas it is believed to be a fundamental
principle of government that people who have re-
volted and been overcome and subdued must either
be treated so as to induce them voluntarily to be-
come friends, or else to be held by absolute military
power, so as to prevent them from ever again doing
harm as enemies, which last-named policy is abhor-
rent to humanity and freedom ;
" Whereas the Constitution provides for consti-
tutional communities only as States, and not as
territories, dependencies, provinces, or protecto-

rates ;
" Whereas such constituent States must neces-
sarily be, and by the Constitution are; made equal
and placed on a like footing as to political rights,
immunities, dignity, and power with the States with
which they are united ; _ _

" Whereas the observance of political equality is
a principle of right and justice, and is well calcu-

lated to encourage the people of the aforesaid States
to be and become more constant in their renewed
allegiance ;
" Whereas standing armies, military occupation,
martial law, military tribunals, and suspension of
the habeas corpus are in time of peace dangerous to
public liberty, incompatible with individual rights,
contrary to the genius and spirit of American insti-
tutions, and ought not, therefore, to be sanctioned,
except in cases of necessity for repelling invasion or
suppressing rebellion ;
" Whereas the policy of the Federal Government
from the beginning to the end of the rebellion has
been in conformity with the principles herein set
forth,—I therefore proclaim the insurrection in
Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Ten:
nesiee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi,
and Florida to be ended, and henceforth to be so
regarded."
A brig, arrived at New Orleans, reports having
seen off Corrientes a screw steamer of 800 tons fly-
ing the Chilian flag.

ENGLISH AND GERMAN COMIC PAPERS.—When
an English comic paper celebrates an anniversary, or a, cen-
tenary, or a royal marriage, or any other groat occasion,
it makes the chief public characters of the day the vehicles
of its wit, the figures in its pageant. But the German
caricaturist cannot venture on this. He could not bring in
native characters, for fear of the censorship; au assemblage
of purely foreign personages would have little interest.
All ho cau do is to revive the imaginary characters whom
ho has invented during his existence as a comic illustrator
But the fun of this can only be appreciated by himself, and
by those who have followed him throughout his career.
And though well enough for Once, it does not bear repeti-
tion.
We should get tired even of Mr. Briggs, if he was
to be always the leading figure in a procession.— Once a
Week.
JOHN BROWN—HER MAJESTY'S GILLIEi— A Lon-
don correspondent writes :—" Such of your readers
as study the Illustrated News may have remarked that in
the engraving of last week, which ' illustrated' the last
royal visit to Aldershot, a Highlander was depicted as
seated in the rumble of her Majesty's carriage, as well as a
domestic in the usual livery. This is a new feature in the
royal household. The individual in question is her Ma-
jesty's Highland 011ie, ono John Brown by name, whose
especial duty it was in Scotland to attend and watch over
the steps of the Queen whenever she stirred out of doors
His office appears to have boon extended southward, and
now, whether in walks and drives, his stalwart form and
picturesque dress may always be seen in respectful attend-
ance. The attachment and fidelity of Highlanders to those
whom they are permitted to serve personally and conficlon-
tially are proverbial, and Gillie Brown seems by degrees to
have fallen into the position in the household of the Queen
such as was occupied by Ronstan, the Mameluke, near the
pe113911 91 Napoion the Great.".