The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-24 00:00:00

HER MAJESTY

BALMORAL, Monday.

The Queen, Prince and Princess Christian, and
Princess Louise, attended Divine service yesterday
in the parish church, Crathie, accompanied by the
Duchess of Roxburghe and Col. Ponsonby.
The Rev. John 11.1.‘Murtrie, of St. Bernard's, Edin-
burgh, officiated.

THE COURT AT BALMORAL.—On Sunday her Ma-
jesty, their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Chris-
tian, and Princess Louise, attended divine service in the
church of Crathie Thera were also present— The Duke
of Buckingham, the Duchess of Roxburghe, Colonel and
Mrs. Ponsonby, the Hon. Emily Cathcart, General Grey,
the Misses Grey, Rev. Mr. Jolly, Dr. Robertson, &e. The
Rev. Mr.M'Murtrio, of St. Bernard's, Edinburgh, preached
from Gal. iv. 6 and 7, and Romans viii. 14-17--dwelling
more particularly on the first clause of the 17th verse.
Few strangers were present. Prince Arthur left Balmoral
for the south on Saturday, via the Spittal of Glenshee and
Blairgowrie.

RETURN OF THE QUEEN TO WINDSOR. --Her Ma-
jesty, with the various members of the Royal family, and
attended by the ladies and gentlemen of the Court, will, it
is expected, leave Balmoral on the Ist November, and
arrive at Windsor Castle on the following day.
We understand that the intended visit of the
Prince of Wales to Lord and Lady Londesborough at Grim-
ston is postponed, as it is the intention of his Royal High-
ness to be present at the marriage of the Princess Dagmer
(sister of the Princess of Wales) with the Czarewitch, at
St. Petersburg, next month. Lord and Lady Londesborough
contemplated giving a grand ball on the occasion of the
Prince's visit, but none of the invitations were issued.
THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH AT FLOORS CASTLE.—
We understand that his royal highness enjoyed some good
sport on the Tweed yesterday (Monday). The water was
in pretty good condition both as regards the size and the
abundance of fish which continued to ascend, but the day
was cloudy, with occasional showers. Partly owing to the
dullness of the morning, and partly from his desire to
await the departure for London of Viscount and Vis-
countess Dangan, and Lord and Lady Charles Innes ICer,
who left Foors about mid-day, his royal highness did not
ply the rod till noon. The prince was accompanied by the
Duke of Roxburgho and the Marquis of Bowmdnt. lie
began fishing on a fine " cast" known as " the Shot," and
had succeeded in killing, at half-past 3 o'clock, when he was
still busy, three splendid salmon, weighing respectively
27th., 181 b., and 171 b. His royal highness had also, we
learn, exciting runs with four other fish. His visit will
likely extend to Saturday.—Scotsman.
THE MINISTRY.—The Earl of Derby, the Right
Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and tho other
members of the Cabinet will assemble in town early in the
ensuing week.

Major-General the llon. James Lindsay, now
commanding the troops in Canada, is expected to return
home early, in the ensuing year, and will then succeed
Major-General Lord F. Paulet, C. 8., as Major-General at-
tached to the Foot Guards at headquarters.

STATISTICS OF PHOTOGRAPHY:—The rapid growth
of new and special industries is a fact so characteris-
tic of the present day, that the statistics of photography
can scarcely be regarded as wonderful, viewed merely as
question of economics. Nevertheless, some of the facts are
sufficiently startlibg. Twentyyears ago one person claimed
the sole right to practise photography professionally in this .
country. According to the census of 1861, the number of
persons who entered their names as photographers was 2,04'
There is reason, however, to believe that these figures fall
short of the real number ; since then it is probable the num-
ber has been doubled or trebled, and that including those
collaterally associated with the art it is even four or five times
that number. But figures fall short of the numbers
interested in photography as amateurs. We are informed
that eight years ago, in establishing a periodical which has
since become the leading photographic journal, a large pub-
lishing firm sent out 25,000 circulars, not sown broadcast,
but especially addressed to persons known to be
interested in the new art science. The number
of professional photographers in the United Statist;
is said to be over fifteen thousand, and a proportionate
number may with propriety be estimated as spread over
continental Europe and other parts of the civilisd globe'
But a more curious estimate of the ramifications of this in-
dustry may be formed by a glance at the consumption 01
some of the materials employed. A single firm in London
consumes, on an average, the whites of 20,000 eggs dally
in themanufacture of albumenised paper for photographic
printing, amounting to 600,000 annually. As it may be
fnirly aaanmcti that this is, but a tenth of the total amount
consumed in this country, we obtain an average of siS
millions of inchoate fowls sacrificed annually in this now
worship of the sun in the United Kingdom alone ? When
to this is added the far larger consumption of Europe
and America, which we do not attempt to put in figures,
the imagination is startled by the enormous total inevi-
tably presented for its realisation. In the absence a
exact data, we hesitate to estimate the consumption of
the precious metals, the mountains of silver and monu-
ments of gold, which follow as matters of necessity
A calculation based on facts enables us to state, however,
that for every 20,000 eggs employed, nearly 1 cwt. 01.:
nitrate of silver is consumed. We arrive thus at an esti-
mate of ,300 cwt. of nitrate of silver annually used in this
country alone in the production of photographs. To de-
scend to individual facts more easily grasped, we learn that
the consumption of materials in the photographs of the In-
ternational Exhibition of 1862, produced by Mr. England
for the London Stereoscopic Company, amounted to
2,400 ounces of nitrate of silver, nearly 54 ounces of tercb'
loride of gold, 200 gallons of albumen, amounting to the
whites of .9-2,000 eggs, and 70 reams of paper ; the issue
of pictures approaching to nearly a million, the num-
ber of stereoscopic prints amounting to nearly 800,000
copies. We have already glanced at the statistics of the
card portraiture of public men. Some estimate may *Will
be formed of the industries stimulated or created by the
circulation of these and other photographs in case; frames,
fittings, and apparatus of various kinds. One house alone,
and by no means the largest among manufacturers, has
issued little short of a million of albums for the card Pic-
tures. Stereoscopic pictures have had a circulation only
less than that of the portrait cards, and these as certainly
involve stereoscopes as cards involve albums. Accurate
figures as to the exact extent of the various branches of
manufacture, arising solely out of photography, cannot of
course be obtained; but the facts already named are sufa-
ciently suggestive.—British Quarterly Review.
HISTORY OF THE ROTHSCHILDS.—A contemporary
gives the following account of the rise of this gre
family :—ln the Judengasse, where the patricians of Frank'
fort penned up during centuries the Jews at the setting 0'
the sun, and where circulation was prohibited as in the
Ghetto of Rome, there was a small, dirty coffee-houSe•
Nathan Rothschild, the father, the creator of that admit-
able machinery, the flexible but sure working of which
has been so often useful to sovereigns and governments on
the brink of bankruptcy, used that smoky and dingy room
when he started as a pedlar. In 1775 you would have seen
there a young hawker with glaucous and protuberant eyes,
bony face, thin and spare limbs, carefully packing some
haberdashery parcels which he lightly carried on his back
to both Hesses and the Palatine. Everything was minutely
labelled and corded ; young Rothschild was practising the
proverb, goods well kept up are almost sold. However, the
little pedlar was as active as saving, and his trade in-
creased every day. He soon felt the want of an assistant,
and he married a young girl, poor but beautiful, as the
Jewesses of Frankfort generally are. At that time the
far ?dente was not in that town, as now, one of the most
sacred privileges of the fair sex, especially amongst the
Israelites, and the young wife sold and bought on second
hand as actively and profitably as her husband. Their
little stock of money swelled rapidly; the ability and punc-
tuality of young Nathan was noticed by the head mer-
chant; and more than once he acted as a medium be-
tween the bankers of Frankfort, Mayence, and Darmstadt.
He bought the first house to be sold in the Judengasse ; in
it he began to extend his business ; he rose high in it, in
it he died. His sons took another house in the patrician
Zeil, next door to the hotel of the Roman Emperor;
, titles; blazons, decorations, poured on them, and no doubt
they would have been created Kings of Cyprus or Jew
salem had they had a liking for such crowns. But at the
beginning of the century, Nathan Rothschild, although
landlord of a house in the Frankfort Jewry, was only 3
third-rate merchant. A happy circumstance placed him 3t
the top of his guild. The commotion of the French re-
volution, which upset so many existences, destroyed and
created so many princes and king; had been felt also in
Germany. The French were fast advancing, and llocbe
was already dating his bulletins from Coblentz. So, all the
small German Sovereigns, who had forgotten to fight since
the Thirty Years' War, did not think of opposing the in-
vaders. Bishop-princes, palatines, dukes, and margraVeoo
all fell back upon the Elbe, carrying with them their worm-
eaten sceptres, and leaving their people to the mercy of the
enemy. Among those illustrious runaways was the Elector
of Hesse-Cassel, whose Electorate breathed its last on the
same day and hour as the republic of Frankfort, one of the
richest princes of Germany, and consequently ono of the
most perplexed and trembling. Taken aback by the
events, and unable to carry with him the whole of his for-
tune, he prudently divided it among a few people whom. be
could rely upon. Nathan Rothschild was in the number
and he received a deposit of two millions of florins to be
given back after the storm had passed away. But 010
storm lasted twenty years, and meantime the young banked
contracted supplies for the French army, loans for Dig!
,11 ::
and Russia, lent money to the exiled princes, doing Profit'
able business with friends and foes with an equal indiffOr....
once, for by religion and politics he stood away from Pall,.
sanship. You know the sequel. London, Paris,
Naples became vassals of the Rothschilds of Fralibtol.,:
and now, oh human vicissitudes !—Frankfort has fallen
low that she is but a tributary of the Bank of Prussia I