The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-22 00:00:00

PRICE 4D. STAMPED, SD.

county met on the 15th inst., and petitioned his
Apostolic Majesty to suspend his patent of the Ist
of September; .to place the Protestant Church in
Hungary in the same situation it was in before the
year 1848 ; to allow a Synod to be held, and to order
his Cabinet not to place .any difficulties in the way
of the Protestants in the settlement of their ecclesi-
astical affairs. A copy of the address was sent to
all the other Seniorates.

GARIBALDL

(Prom the Times.)
Great occasions produce great men. But this is
an age of mediocrity, and even Italy cannot pro-
duce a genius of the first class. Here is the mother
of conquest, the land which teemed with heroes,
the country where eloquence and poetry grew wild
like pines between the tropics. The very weeds
of such a soil should be more priceless than the
exotics nurtured in a more genial clime. Trodden
as the fields have been, every blade has been
crushed as it shot forth. We have now seen the I
ground opened before our eyes. We have seen it
ploughed and laid bare to the atmosphere. What
has sprung up ? Respectable qualities we had not
hoped for come forth, and nothing is seen of the
deadly plants we had feared. We expected the
armed men turning their swords against all the
world, and we find gentle, courteous, quiet people,
who deserve all our praise and all our sympathies,
but who a little surprise us by the equable manner
in which they conduct a revolution. We would
not willingly undervalue the universal aspiration
for freedom which has burst forth from Italy. But
where is the man of the occasion—the master-spirit
of the time, capable to discern, fertile in expedients,
and firm to govern ? Europe has, perhaps unrea-
sonably, looked for such a man among the leaders
of the various insurrections which have brought
about the present provisional state of government
in Parma, Modena, and Florence. Certainly there
is no such ruling mind now directing the councils
of Piedmont, nor do we see that the Romagna,
although in full agitation, has yet produced the
genius of the hour. Hitherto the directors of this
great Italian revival have become remarkable only
for their safe mediocrity. They have been no better
and no worse than ordinary circumstances have
produced here and elsewhere. They have been pru-
dent men, acting with something very nearly akin
to timidity. Even official routine has suffered little
in their hands, and they have sometimes been afraid
even to change the instruments of the tyranny
against which they rose up, or to dismiss Aus-
trian policemen in whose bt mek books they them-
selves conspicuously figured. These men are
certainly not of the mould and temper of which the
great men of the world's history have been made.
If there should be in any of the four Assemblies, or
in the Councils of Victor Emmanuel, some Crom-
well, Washington, or Napoleon, he certainly has
not yet emerged. Perhaps the tall shadow of the
French Emperor has chilled his early energies;
perhaps the mediocrity about him has choked his
enterprise; perhaps the etiquette, and routine, and
official propriety incident to a monarchy have been
unfavourable to the development of tht rude power
necessary to decide the people to a resqlute course.
One exception there was to this general dead
level, or to thiegnultitude of small eminences. But
the great ma& was pushed aside from the seat of
power. The name of Garibaldi had become gigantic.
He it was who, in the estimation of every Italian,
had become the champion in whom. Italy trusted.
Napoleon 111. was her friend, Victor Emmanuel
was her King, but Garibaldi was Italy's own child.
It was to him the volunteers flocked from every part
of the Peninsula; it was to him that Italians and
foreigners alike opened theirpursesand their hearts.
It was he who was believed to love Italy for her-
self alone, and with a love unalloyed by personal
pride or private hopes. It was lie who was trusted
to mean earnestly all that others had only said, and
to be ready to carry on oven a hopeless struggle—
not in order to change his masters, but to be with-
out a master; not to make Italy French instead of
Austrian, but to give her a place among the nations
of Europe as a free and independent State. Well,
t'ais man has resigned his post ; he commands no
Imager an Italian army. The only steady beacon
light which the humble zealot had is put out.
Henceforth he must walk in darkness, or in such
uncertain light es Emperors and Kings may from
time to time set up. This is an unexpected sequel
to* Garibaldi's recent visit to Turin. Of course,
this honest and simple-minded man has been con-
vinced that at this moment he is better out of the
way; that the time is a time for diplomacy,
and not for deeds; that Italian patriotism
requires a course of expediencies which
would be necessarily repugnant to the instincts of
an Italian soldier. It is certain that Garibaldi has
been made to believe that the best and most effica-
cious manner in which he can at present serve his
country is by quitting her service; for it is certain
that if Garibaldi had not been so convinced no
power would have induced him to descend from the
position which ho held. The manner of his resigna-
tion has been consistent with all his past pareer.
There is no trace in it of any thought of self ;
nothing of pique, or jealousy, or discontent. He
retains his rank as General under the King of Sar-
dinia, and ho takes occasion to anticipate any com-
plaints that may bo made on his behalf by declar-
ing that he is ready to resume his duties whenever
the King of Italy shall summon his army to active
service.

Perhaps Garibaldi and the advisers of Garibaldi
were right. Perhaps the grand game is not suited
to the present capacity or to the present circum-
stances of his country; and perhaps Garibaldi is
not cool and sceptical enough to play the little
game that is now on the cards. We could even
imagine Victor Emmanuel explaining to his General
at that recent audience how difficult was the position
of Piedmont, compelled to endure her too powerful
protector, who every now and then threatened to
let loose her late enemy upon her, and who also
commands an obedience which is rapidly alienating
all Central Italy. Victor Emmanuel might even
mournfully admit, as he must painfully feel, that
unless that great ally should uphold him to the
end his forced subserviency mus eventually deprive
him even of that lead which he has earned by so
many sacrifices. Garibaldi was probably thus made
to see that Piedmont is bound to the Emperor, and
that Napoleon's policy is such as Garibaldi could
not work out. The Emperor's policy is, whether for
good or for ill, to suspend Italy in mid-revolution,
—to expose the revolution he has himself called
into being to the test of a sudden cessation of ac-
tion. If Garibaldi remained at the head of the
army of Italy he must have supported this policy
or must have ruined Piedmont. Ho must have gone
over the frontier of Tuscany, or he must have closed
his ears to that " cry of anguish" which was so
piercing that the sensitive hearts of Victor Em-
manuel and Napoleon 111. were once moved by it.
Master of a sufficient force to redress every ill is
Italy, Garibaldi would have been compelled to see
the States of the Church and the people of Naples
suffering all those evils of misgovernment from
which the Central States have just freed themselves.
Probably a large portion of the armed force which
he must have commanded and repressed would be
composed of natives of these countries, up for free-
dom, and of Venetia, groaning loudly in her bond-
age. It is no wonder that the Bayard of Italy, if
put to choose between resignation and acquiescence
in the inactivity which France imposes, should pre-
fer to retire. He had raised a force for the defence
of the Duchies and for the liberation of Rome and
Naples. It was not consistent with his character
that he should be the instrument to disappoint the
hopes he has excited. The Emperor of France is
not his ally ; he acknowledges no allegiance any
more to him than he does to the Emperor of Aus-
tria ; he has no care for the interests of either ; and,
as his desires and character militate against the
maintenance of a policy the abandonment of which
wauldprecipitate another war, Garibaldi withdraws
from the scene. The position of all parties in this
transaction is very painful. Even that of the Em-
peror of the French is not without its difficulties
and hardship. That, however, of Garibaldi, Victor
Emmanuel, and of Central Italy is much more diffi-
cult to endured. At this moment they all seem to
be doing their best to bear it; but if the pressure
should become intolerable, and if, in consequence of
his deference to France, Victor Emmanuel should,
like his father, lose the sympathies and incur the
suspicions of Italy, then there will be an outbreak.
In such an event it would, in all probability, be an
outbreak of frenzy and ineffectual bloodshed, but
its responsibilities will certainly not attach either
to Garibaldi or to Piedmont.

For the fifth or sixth film), Prince Alexander
Jean has changed the Wallachian Ministry. The now
Cabinet is composed of M. Jean Ghyka, President of the
Council and Minister of the Interior ; M. Alexandri,
Foreign Affairs ; M. Golesko, Public Instruction ; and M.
Balatchano, Finance. The departments of Justice and
War, remain in the hands of M. Cretziano and M. Gor-
nesko. It must be remarked that Prince Ghyka has already
been at the head of the Moldavian Ministry, in which posi-
tion he could not agree with Prince Alexandri,Jand also that
M. Alexandri holds at the same time the portfolio of foreign
affairs in Moldaria.