The Sun.
London, England, 1866-05-05 00:00:00

The Amer: can Press.

The American Cotton Planter, a new semi-monthly
magazine, recently established at Montgomery,
Alabama, contains a very sensible article on " The
New Labour System," which promulgates just views
of the duty of the people of the South towards the
freedmen. Acknowledging that the system of slave
labour is abolished, and that there is no hope of
re-establishing it, the Cotton Planter takes up the
subject of labour and accompanies it with a liberal
and just analysis of the negro character. An
honest compliment is paid to the demeanour of the
slaves during the war, and it is urged that during
those trying times they displayed true Christian
gratitude to the people with whom they dwelt. The
Cotton Planter believes that " by a wisely-directed
system of care, with liberal and remunerating con-
tracts," their labour may be made as profitable and
acceptable as was the old system of slave labour.
But " liberal and remunerative contracts are the
main conditions." How this obligation is to be ful-
filled must be by the observance of the maxim, "Do
unto others as you would that others should do
unto you." It is not alone for the interests of the
freedman that he should be paid remunerative
wages, but it is the interest also of the employer to
pay him. The Planter says :—" The negro has to
live, and if his labour does not afford him a living,
it will assuredly come out of our living, either as
pilfered or in the form of poor taxes or prison taxes."
There is philosophy in this, and the object to be
gained by the new system of labour cannot be
secured in any other way than by just dealing
toward the freedmen. Observance of this rule will
benefit the interests of employers and labourers, and
establish relations of confidence between them
which will be for mutual advantage. The views of
the writer are sound and Christian-like, and if they
are followed out universally in the South, a few
months will put an end to the question so often
asked -- What are we to do with the freedmen ?

The New York Times of April 17 says :—The
" grand advance guard" of the O'Mahony Fenians,
under the generalship of the redoubtable Killian,
are making comic history in a style of which Gilbert
A'Beckett never dreamed. A quiet vein of the
grotesque, y‘Fa'a3g2‘l:;lr,t_ke,sludicrous, and rising now

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unniedt of funny liistorians lotwas caps e. _Out the
Fenians and their despatches, as manipulated by Kil-
lian, beat A'Beckett's inventions hollow. From the
far-off corner of Maine comes an unceasing peal of up-
roarious fun and folly, the only drawback to which lies
in the fraud that taints the whole affair. In the first
place, there was to be the surprise and easy capture of
some tangible point of British territory, to which
end General Killian advertised in the newspapers
that he was on the road thither. So valiant a hero
scorned the idea of doing anything except in the
most polite and public manner, and, therefore, he
invited the British army and navy to gather in
sight of the spot and calmly witness his con-
quest. In the next place, it was necessary to
convey to a wondering world some distinct evi-
dence of the mighty rush of armed Fenians to
the scene of the predicted triumph. Despatch
number one told us that 13 stalwart Irishmen had
gone by steamer to Eastport, leaving their arms
and ammunition to be conveyed by a schooner ad-
vertised to sail on the next day. Despatch number
two announced the jonrneyings of 19 more soldiers
of , the same stamp, of whose weapons nothing
was said. Despatch number three signalised the
arrival of another equally extensive band, one-
half of whom were said to be general officers,
deeply in love with the skill and prowess
of the illustrious Killian. But we will not
recapitulate too minutely. Each succeeding day
brought tidings of the same sort ; Killian gathering
a mighty host at the rate of a baker's dozen daily,
and contemplating some prodigious deed, of which
the wide-awake provincials were regularly apprised
beforehand, that they might render its accomplish-
ment impossible.
After having thus whetted the public appetite, and
prepared all of us for some decisive blow, Kilian
transmitted over the wires on Sunday an intimation
that " five armed Fenians" had captured a British
flag on Indian Island. Here was something to be
proud of. Here must have been fighting with a
vengeance. And then the astounding result—" five
armed Fenians" overpowering a regiment of New
Brunswickers and carrying off the flag, after per _
forming'prodigies of valour ! The information, for
the moment, astounded us. Our appetite for break-
fast vanished as we glanced along the electrifying
lines, and we were ready on the spot to do homage to
the genius of O'Mahony for planning such a campaign
and the power of Killian for carrying it to a tri-
umphant issue. Further study, however, converted
our new-born admiration into intense disgust. For
we discovered that there was no fight, no resistance,
no capture ; the whole affair amounting simply to
the carrying away of a revenue flag, which had
been hoisted as a thing of course, and the securing
of which might, therefore, have been performed as
easily by one smart Yankee schoolboy as by the
" five armed Fenians" upon whose prowess Killian
dwells with evident pride. "Go to Indian Island
to steal a flag, and then proclaim a victory," said
to ourselves ; " why five stevedores might any day
or night do the same ten times over without leaving
..
New York." These mighty movementson
of the
unpalatable
O'Mahonyites, however, are evidently
to the Sweeney faction, _w se glories are
thus eclipsed by the warlike
Some-
thing must be done to sustain
Roberts in
y as the great Fenian
Generalissimo.
creenatdieirp,onbeMmanoir-e
't be 9 The capture of
one of the Thousand
the Presidency alnvdhaStwsehea:lel
lA
fa A
faint to threaten Goat
toulin in Lake Huron .
i
Nmgalcs
rals?
Island in the lartidael;
moderate in your exactions. Messrs. Roberts and
Sweeney are going—yes, are positvely going, are
advertised to go, and unquestionably will go—to a
public meeting to be held in this city to-morrow
evening ! That is all. They don't intend to march
to the battle-field until the Fenian bonds have been
sold, and when none of these are left there will be
no reason for fighting. Just now the odds are in
favour of 011ahony and Killian and th • eir bonds,
-as against Roberts_ and Sweeney and their bonds.
The people are tired -of talk, and demand decisive
action, carried oil an u protected, uncle-

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fended flag, Killian is at least a league aheadli bisa S
rivals. Roberts and Sweeney must talk lightning
to-morrow night if they would overtake him.
of tlle c
Committeeount
The .Nt..o ".7ork, Tribune, of April 18th, says that
the present Congress has earned the lasting grati-
tude ry in
on Reconstruction.andtheconstitution
action
of its Joint The
rt eesbtielms
_o nisy
it:oksetnessb
essential ti it a—l
etecthialglyentthajutdaofmeexn;
atondanesipn
upon the problems now fitly engrossing the public
attention. Let us, then, consider thoughtfully the
salient points in the testimony of the Hon. A. H.
Stephens. Mr. Stephens, like General Robert E.
Lee, was not an original secessionist. That is,
while each held to the abstract right of a State to
secede, neither of them regarded secession as re-
quired by antecedent conditions, nor a remedy for
existing evils. Yet, when their respective Staten
decided to secede, they cast in their lot with
the majority, and became conspicuous and po_
tent champions of the disunion cause. And
this they still hold to have been right. Let us
test this assumption by familiar examples. Mr.
Stephens was long a prominent and influential
member of Congress ; General Lee was educated at
West Point, and had since been a favoured officer
in the army of the United States. Now, suppose
each of them, when he came to enter the service of
our country, had offered to take the prescribed oath
in this form :—" I solemnly swear that I will sup-
port the Constitution and obey the lawful authori-
ties of the United States until my State shall see
fit to secede from the Union"--does any sane man
believe that this would have been accepted as a sub-
stantial compliance with the requisition ? Would
a youth at West Point, a representative in Con-
gress, be permitted hereafter to take the oath
thus qualified ? Was there ever a time when this
would have been permitted ? Manifestly not. And
if not, how do men of character, like Messrs.
Lee and Stephens, satisfy themselves that they
are not foresworn ? Again, Mr. Stephens tells us
that the people have attained a very decided convic-
tion that secession is impolitic. They have good
reason for their conclusion. But how impolitic ?
Clearly, because of th • eir crushing defeat. But, •
suppose " the whirligig of time" should
present
totally new conditions, wherein h *
w secession might be
attempted afresh, without a probability of failure,
what then ? Scan Mr. Stephens's testi •
mony for the
answer ! Once more :—lt is Mr. Stephens's very.
decided conviction that the people of Georgia—by
which he means the whites only—those who,-
he
1 states, were all but unanimous in sustaining the
rebellion, were entitled, from the moment their re- •
bellion was put down by the strong arm, to come
right back, without conditions or restrictions, into
Congress, and share fully. and
equally with the
loyal in the Government of the country. He thinks
it was for that the loyal were fighting—wherein
they do not agree with him. Nay, he gravely doubts
the legal validity of Acts of Congress passed in
the
absence of representatives from the seceded
States. If that be so, it seems to us to follow that
every Act of Congress whereby the power of the
Union was brought to bear against secession was
usurping and void ; so that the seceded States are
now legally out of the Union. Finally, Mr. Ste-
phens thinks slavery is dead only because the for-
mer Slave States have abolished it (which several
of them have not done), and that, while the whites
of the South have all the power in the Union which
they deliberately and defiantly renounced by seces-
sion, the blacks of those States have just such rights
as the whites thereof choose to give them—no less,
and no more. We beg leave to assure the ex-Vice-
President that, on this very important point, his
views are radically diverse to those of the great
party which
carried the country triumphantly
through the war against Secession, and that, unless
those whom he calls " the, South" are willing to re-
sume their places in Congress on a footing of
equality of power, man for man, between them-
seves and the Union-upholding whites of the
North and West, they will probably wait some
time for readmission. if the Southern blacks are
not to vote (as we trust they are) it must at
least be conceded that those who deny them the
right of suffrage shall not cast votes in their stead.

The Cholera on Board the Virginia Steam-

On the 18th ult. the National Steam Navigation
Company's steamship Virginia arrived at quarantine
at New York, with 14 cabin and 1,029 steerage
passengers, and with Asiatic cholera on board. The
facts were communicated to Dr. Swinburne, of the
New York Sanitary Committee, immediately on the
arrival of the ship, and the doctor and assistant
health officer Burdett lost no time in boarding the
vessel and making a thorough investigation. It
was ascertained that on the passage 35 steerage
passengers and two of the crew had died, and that
many others lay sick of unmistakable Asiatic cholera,
but not one of the cabin passengers had been
affected. Having completed his examination, Dr.
Swinburne ordered that the Virginia be sent back
to the Lower Bay ; that the hospital ship Falcon
and the steamship Empire City be sent to the in-
fected ship to take off those passengers who had not
been attacked, and that these be kept on board the
hospital ships and there treated until further orders.
There is a theory that certain conditions of the
atmosphere are conducive to cholera, and that there
are certain zones wherein the pestilence is most
rapidly generated. It is remarked, also, that cholera
was developed on board the Virginia in the lati-
tude where it first appeared on board the steamship
England. " The facts seem to be (says the .New
York Times) that the steerage passengers of both
vessels, huddled together as a thousand persons must
necessarily be in a vessel of less than 3,000 tons
burden, were attacked when they had been long
enough together to poison the atmosphere of the
ship, and that sothermal lines and cholera zones
had nothing to do in the case. The Virginia
cast her moorings at Liverpool on the 4th of
April. At that time no case of cholera had been
reported in Liverpool. None of the thousand and
eighty passengers (chiefly German immigrants) with
whom she sailed are known to have come from any
district where cholera has prevailed, nor had any of
the number been ill during their brief tarry of less
than a week in Liverpool. The ship touched at
Queenstown, Ireland, and having there taken
aboard a number of passengers, made out to sea—a
ship of 2,876 tons with more than a thousand human
beings stowed away in two tiers or between three
r
decks. No apprehension of cholerha. ohraadnyheoen a
disease was entertained until the s
been suddenly pros-
a steerage passenger, who had
to
be a violent form
trated by what was supposed to
diarrhoea, as the
week on the Atlantic ; but then, on ship had
12th inst.
here inthe steerage ;
of diarrhoea, died.
of the first victim, the
declare it a case of cholera.
im, sur-
geon on
sudden
the 12th, and others
But two more s
ship'san e v surgeonenaf te rsuthirdseaeTdtheevreerYlvm7
ed the sceptic that the steer-
ageogneonthwe als3:
steamship was really suffering under
of the • •
a visitation of Asiatic cholera. From the 12th
until the arrival of the Virginia in port on the 18th,
the disease stalked with fearful strides through the
steerage, and NN hen the ship reached quarantine on
nearly all of the passengers,
lexceptVdn e s tdhaoys ee:vveilionnifiivnnigtnghe'le cabin, were more or less
affected.crew
had
died,
Thirty-five passengers and two of the
and 22 were prostrated. All the
sick had unmistakable symptoms of Asiatic cholera.
Their countenances were of a dusky colour, their
eyes were sunken, and they were suffering from the
purgings incident to the disease. Their hands and
bodies were shrunk, and they had marked symp-
toms of cholera. Dr. Swinburne ascertained that
three persons had died while coming up
the bay,
and that the bodies of these men had been thrown
overboard and attached by a line to the ship.

COPPER ORE SALE.—At the Swansea ticketing
on Tuesday the following were the averages on the whole
sale :—Average produce, 24 psetrcentd o
; price per
9ofp2erl.
cwt. dry weight, £l7 15s. 11d. ; price per unit of produce,
14s. 7d.; standard, £B2 7s. ; standard
cont. produce, £94195. The ores sold were as follows:
Coke, 600 tons; Moonta, 680; Berchaven, 420 tons;
Yanganooka, 165 tons; Gwalla, 132 tons; Ballycummisk,
90 tons ; Var, 76 ; Cappagh; 6tBitilnise
reached Newfoundland,
74:
tens; Leghorn, 36 tons ; t.onsri T.11:417t6i$
and Precipitate,ll tglciThelo

TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD,
13 81 is subdivided into Departments for OUTFITS,
MECHANICS' CLOTHING, OVERCOATS, DRESS and
FROCK COATS, and READY MADE CLOTHING of
every description,
At E. MOSES & SON'S.

283 into ROAD, IS SUBDIVIDED
Departments for JUVENILE CLornma,
LADIES' RIDING HABITS, LIVERIES and other
CLOTHING MADE TO ORDER,

At E. MOSES & SON'S.

N.8.-ALL ARTICLES ARE MARKED IN
PLAIN FIGURES THE LOWEST PRICES,
FROM WHICH NO ABATEMENT CAN BE
MADE.
At E. MOSES & SON'S.

N,8.-SHOULD ANY ARTICLE NOT BE
APPROVED OF IT WILL BE EXCHANGED
OR THEt
EONEYOSES SON'S. WILL BE RETURNED,
A. ,t

LIST OF PRICES WITH FASHION CARD,
AND RULES FOR SELF-MEASUREMENT,
GRATIS AND POST-FREE.
At E. MOSES & SON'S.

E. !losEs & SON'S ESTABLISHMENTS
,:closed every Friday at Sunset till Saturday at
u t, when business is resumed till 11 o'clock.

MOSES & SON CORNER OF MINORIES
and A —"TB, lißw OXFORD STREET, Corner of
and Corner of TOTTEXH.4.3I COURT
ROAD and Euga° ROAD
also at BaA.D/p
ortr), ;YORKSHIRE.

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