The Sun.
London, England, 1835-10-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL DEBT.

(From last night's Gazette.)
The Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury having
certified to the Commissioners for the Reduction of the Na-
tional Debt, in pursuance of the Act 10 George IV, 0. 27,
Ku. 1, that the actual Surplus of the Revenue of the United
Kul 1,
of Great Britain and Ireland, beyond the expendi-
ture thereof, for the year ended the sth day of July, 1835,
amounted to the sum of 1,205,4961. 7s. ;
The Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt
hereby give notice, that the sum of 301,3741. Is. 9d. (being
;:::tele..fourth part of the said surplus of 1,205,4961. 7s. 04-d.) will
I,,a2,Pliei, under the provisions of the said Act, between the
uaY of October, 1835, and the sth (by of January, 1836,
.20 the
the following purposes, viz. : •
purchase of Exchequer Bills made out
la Pursuance of the Act 57 George 111., X s. d.
„„e• 48
250,000 0 0
TO bra applied to the purchase of stock

801,374 1 9
Add interest receivable on _account of dona-
tions and 'bequests,
purchase Qf stock . to be applied to the
144 2 5

£301,518 4 2
S. HIGHAM, Comptroller-General.
Nab S. Debt Office, Oct. 7.

COWES. '

• o,r Gustard of Lower Cockelton, met with a serious
~!c h,ident last week : while out shooting, his gun got wet
-`,,ein the rain, and on his return home he attempted to take
stP.e lock to pieces to clean, without discharging it, when it
.lipt, and both barrels went off, the charge of one lodging
!;lthe heel of his left foot. A cat on the opposite side of
toell room was killed by the recoil of the gun, being crushed
death between the but-end and the wall.
1. The Falcon, Commodore the Right Hon. Lord Yarbo-
aillgh came into Harbour on Saturday last, and his Lord-
ip left for Appuldurcombe.
A meeting was held at the Town Hall on Tuesday even.
:ni.-„g, at eight. o'clock, to form a Society to be called the
tl'owes Literary and Scientific Society." This is the first
mPt made in Cowes, and we were happy to see it so
Zell attended—many gentlemen enrolled their names. E.
t Esq.. was elected President ; Mr. Griffiths, Secre-
-m ; and Mr. Blake, Treasurer. Mr. Kernot will deliver
a Lecture at the next meeting, (on Tuesday evening,
-13th instant).
It's
'fleet i in contemplation to form a Mechanics' Institute, to
of 1n the same room, early next month.
!. William Haines, a youth, was at play in the grounds
b Hilmore's school, in this town, he slipt down and
broke his leg
Arrived on the 9th inst., the American Ship Cowper,
Endicott, Master, with Coffee, from Rio, in 64 days, for
orders. Spoken August 12, in lat. 23, south, long. 34, 53
•Zst, the Lotus, from London, for Sydney, New South
ales. September 9, lat. 21, 39 north, long. 33, 54 east,
"P°ke the Star of Montrose, for Barbadoes—all well.

lighted up, with the gaudy uniforms of the gallant guests,
and the rich service of plate with which the tables were
covered, presented at once an imposing and spirit-stirring
spectacle.—Scottish Paper.

The Dorset County Chronicle boasts of the Tories
success, and asserts that the balance of numbers: in favour
of the good old cause of the Constitution is increasing day
by day, and the majority now obtained in the revision alone
considerably exceed 300.

The Poor Law Amendment Act has now had a
year's probation, and, although the period which has
elapsed has been insufficient to set the new system com-
pletely at work, yet enough has been done to enable us to
anticipate very favourable results from its operation, when
it shall have become fully developed ; we are indeed in-
clined to believe, that if only as mu6h benefit were to be ul-
timately effected over the whole country as has already in
certain districts been produced, we should have reason to
view the Act as one of the most important which has of late
oocupied the attention of the Legislature.—Oxford Journal.

On Monday evening last, the Portreeve of Yeovil
proceeded to sell by auction, at the Mermaid Inn, the
whole of the property belonging to the Corporation of that
town. A great number of the inhabitants were assembled,
among whom were Mr. Greenbam and Mr. Wellington
(two of the burgesses), who protested against the sale,
and cautioning the auctioneer not to put it up. The Port-
reeve, however, persisted, and the whole property (which
is affirmed to be worth 25,0001.), was put up in one lot, and
knocked down to Mr. William Jennings, for the sum of
2,6lol.—Plymouth Journal.

On Thursday morning, a curious circumstance oc-
curred in the Tyne, at North Shields. A person in the
employ of Messrs. Cornforth, Carr, and Co., North Shields,
while busy with his usual occupation on the Lowlights
shore, observed an unusual ripple in the water, when to his
astonishment he discovered a large cod fish, about three
feet long, which having attempted to swallow a sole, about
fifteen inches long, and not being able either to swallow or
eject it, had, in its agony, made towards the shore, and was
the occasion of its being taken.—York Courant.

Between 1701, when there was no machinery, and
1833, when machinery had attained to its present height,
the value of the British cotton trade for one year had in-
creased from the inconsiderable amount of 20,0001. to the
immense sum of 18,413,0001. _ _ _

A violent conflagration broke out on the 29th ult.
,n the hamlet of Victoire, in the Manche, and burnt for 43

hours, consuming houses, barns, and buildings, together
with the farming stock and furniture, to an extent of 600
feet. Three persons were so dangerously injured that two
of them are not expected to recover.
The manor of Aston Cantlin, in Warwickshire,
was held of the King in capite, by the service of find-
ing a foot soldier with a bow without a string, with a
helmet or cap, for 40 days, as often as there shall be a war
in Wales.

The CROPS.—The farmers in the Lower Ward of
Renfrewshire have suffered from the inclemency of the
the weather. In Kilmacolm parish the grain cut presents
a lamentable appearance : it is growing in the sheaf, and a
great deal of it will be totally useless if the weather does
not take up,—what is uncut has been also greatly injured.
Round Port-Glasgow, Greenock, Gourock, and Innerkip,
the crops present the same dismal aspect.—GlasgowCourier.
LIVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, OCT. B.—The
Market has been more calm than any day during the pre-
ceding week. 2,000 bags have been sold, the greater part
American ; 300 of which have been taken for exportation.
Although the business has been limited, the Market shows
no symptoms of receding.
A fine specimen of that rare bird, the honey buz-
zard, Falco Apivorus (Linn.), was shot a few days ago by
Mr. W. Thompson, of the Bleach-green, near Brandon,
and has been sent to Mr. W. Proctor, of this city, for pre-
servation. The bird was shot on the wing, and when
Mr. T. went to pick it up, to his surprise he found that the
crop or stomach had burst with the fall, and hundreds of
wasps and their larval were laying on the ground. The
length of this bird, from the bill to the end of the tail, is
22 inches, and the wings, when expanded, are 49 inches from
tip to tip. There are but few instances of this bird, which
is a native of eastern climes, having been shot in England.
—Durham Advertiser. _ _

t is intended to put Lord Brougham in nomination
Iu January next, for the office of President of the South-
wark Literary Society, the gentleman at present holding
nowoffice intending to resign it. The number of members
"ow amounts to 520. •
We learn that Lord John Russell has been to the
Prisons
on Dartmoor, purposely to ascertain whether it will
e practicable to station the convicts there. The spot is
fle of the healthiest in the kingdom, and invalids far and
nearplan
sojourn there during the summer months. Should this
the an be carried into effect, it will be an enormous saving to
, Government, and a great advantage to the neighbour-
hood and town of Tavistock.—Exeter Flying Post.
The Bishop of London arrived at Antwerp on Sa-
turday. In the evening there was a brilliant assembly at
the house of the English Consul. The day before yester-
day,,, (Sunday), after divine service, his Lordship confirmed
-*4 persons in the English chapel. His Lordship left Ant-
werp this morning ; he is going to Ghent, Bruges, and Os-
tend, and means to be on Wednesday at Calais, where he is
expeeted.—Brussels Paper.
Last week T. Wakley, Esq., M.P., arrived in this
own, the place of his juvenile days, where he was met by
'lte of his brothers, who accompanied him thence to the
tsidence of his father, a few miles distant. Had his ar-
tival been generally expected, no doubt he would have been
ailed with marks of popular expressions and approbation.
---Sherborne Journal. •
We beg to call the attention of our readers to the
advertisement of the Great Northern Railway, in another
column of our paper.
MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—On Friday last
-ere united at Stratton Church, near this town, by the
'ev• Robert Albion Cox, the Hon. Anthony Henry Ashley
e°oper, third son of the Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftes-
bury, and one of the representatives for Dorchester, to Jane
I
liPi.nees, only daughter of Robert Pattison, Esq., of
aekleford-house, near this town. The bridal party ar-
ed at the Church in six carriages, that containing the
'clegroom drawn by four geys. The lovely bride was
rraven away by the Earl of Shaftesbury. After the cere-
°oY, the party retired to Wrackleford-house, where a
11114)tuous breakfast was partaken of by a numerous corn-
LnY of friends, amongst whom were the Earl of Shaftes-
-11, the Hon. John Ashley Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. Patti-
-4c'304, Colonel Strickland, Miss Strickland, Mr. and Mrs.
afterwards
&C. &c. The bride and bridegroom immediately
set off for Wimborne St. Giles's, the noble seat
of) the Earl of Shaftesbury, to pass the honeymoon.—
./set County Chronicle. -
f A plan for improving Hyde Park has been laid be-
,s)rellis Majesty by the Commissioners of Woods and Fo-
,sests, and approved. It will be beautified with additional
v'antations of shrubs and trees, a large space being still re-
served for reviewing the troops. Instead of the old brick
an iron railing is now ,being erected, to extend from
:"hensington barracks to Knightsbridge, leaving that side
'en to public view from the road, from which a new
e„,ran
Palace.eehasbeen made for the use of his Majesty to Ken-
lingtooThe English Opera-house has been rated at 7001. a
Year by the
.parish authorities of St. Clement Danes, so that
s" Parochial taxes will be very heavy. The parish cannot
37 that this Theatre is under-rated, the more particularly
at a time that theatrical property is not.
FIRE
AT THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH'S PA-
LACE OP DALKEITH.—On Sunday morning, a fire broke
otg in the coalhouse, situated in the south-west angle of the
cos attached to the Palace, and not in the Princely
structurethe
itself By the assistance of two fire-engines, and
;Tie exertions of the domestics and people from the town,
e fire, by a little past eight o'clock, was completely
subdued.
At Islington the anniversary .of the Reformation
tva4
!'as a bt oserved on unday last. Very nuerous con-
ftended allS the churches, and collections weregrega ad me
Variousor the objects. At St. Mary's Church the sermon by
tn
he was
the Rev. Dr. Wilson, was so highly approved,
was requested to publish it, which he has con-
;exited to do. At the Chapel of Ease the Rev. J. Hamil-
ton
,v,. Preached two most excellent sermons. A deputation
,tited on him, and solicited that they might be published,
,which desire lie bas given reason to expect he will comply
Z't",. The collection at this chapel in compliance with the
n.g's letter, in aid of the fund for the Society for Propa-
'44t,Tg the Gospel in Foreign Parts, amounted to 781.
I.OFLITz.—The celebrity just now attached to this
Place,i where the Congress of Sovereigns is about to be
'd, induces us, politics apart, to state that Toplitz is a
wit of Austrian Bohemia, in the Circle of Leutmuitz,
defeated the Prussians in 1762. During the Royal visits
atl Toplitz, the first stone was laid of the monument to
be
erected in the field of battle of Culm, in honour of the
,
•ossian General Ostermann, and the Guards who devoted
(y.lemselves for the safety of Bohemia. The Emperor F -
430(1 commissioned M. Kushmann to design the mo-
,ll
unlent, which is a statue of Fame.
HOGG'S VISIT TO ALEXANDRIA, &C., just
s'ttirri,ii:sl'ed, contains a variety of very pleasant sketches and
y.",,s'lng anecdotes ; it brings pictures of costume of indi-
-I'llals before us, that are both natural and agreeable, and
41
tone is on the whole so sensible, judicious, and unpre-
tending, that the reader will be sure to derive a more en-
ring delight from it than if it were more picturesque and
enthusiastic.. The picturesque of the East has been nearly
J'hausted, but its political and social aspects yield an
abundant harvest.”—"ltlas.
The Tories have put forth a number of statements
t 0
tas
ro the progress of the Registration in West Somerset,
l which they pretend to claim a great advantage for
..''lnselves. Nothing can be more deceptive than partial
"counts of a portion of the county.—Sherborne Journal.
0n REVIEW AND PRESENTATION OF COLOURS.—
Monday, the 77th regiment were reviewed on the
Green, Glasgow, by General the Hon. Patrick Stuart,
tCommander of the Forces in Scotland. The ground was
elPt by a party of the 10th Hussars ; and notwithstanding
e unfavourable state of the weather, which prevented
many of the citizens from participating in the martial
Se", the soldiers went through all their movements iu ex-
ceent style, and to the credit of themselves and their offi-
„2l. After the inspection, a new stand of colours were
vvt'Lleiented by the General in a complimentary speech,
tell, from the known valour of the gallant 77th, there
e, be little doubt they will defend and stand by in a man-
li:riteza,laly British, brave, and soldier-like, as that which
va3, hitherto distinguished their conquering career. In the
grand entertainment was given by the officers in
Assembly Rooms, Ingram-street, to which the whole
h, Y around the city were invited. The dinner was of
most splendid description, and the large room, when

Further accounts were yesterday received from
Guadeloupe. The foreign sailor Mariana, condemned to
death for the murder of the pilot Vaille, had been executed
at Point A Petre, on the 22nd of August. He met his
fate with great firmness, displaying to the last moment un-
alterable resolution. After having with a loud voice avowed
his crime and asked pardon of God, he awaited with the
most perfect sangfroid for several minutes the preparations
for beheading him.
Accounts from Algiers to the 27th ult. state, that
the cholera had entirely disappeared, and that commercial
affairs were, in consequence, improving. The arrangements
of the Governor, with regard to the sanitary state of the
place, had met- with general approval. The tribes of Am-
rouaona and of Zouaona had supplicated for peace, and
tendered their submission. _ _ _

A serious and strange accident occurred on the Ist
of this month at Tournay. About 25 years since, a M.
Busine caused the subterranean entrance to an old tower,
which formed a part of the ancient wall of the city, to be
hermetically closed up. After the lapse of a quarter of a
century the mephitic gas which had formed there, suddenly
exploded through the chimney of the dining room above,
and Madame Busine had her leg blown off. Had the acci-
dent occurred an hour earlier or later the whole family must
have perished.
MORE INCENDIARY FIRES IN SUSSEX.—On
Monday night last two fires occurred within three or four
miles of Petworth, and there appears to be no doubt that
they were caused by the act of an incendiary, and as the
fires were within a mile of each other. The one consumed
a barn (containing a quantity of unthrashed oats, and some
wattles) and a shed, in the parish of Lodsworth, the property
of Anthony Hollist, Esq. A reward of 200/. is offered for
the discovery of the offender or offenders. By the other
fire, a wheat-rick, the property of Mr. Farhall, of River,
was totally destroyed. On the same night another fire oc-
curred at Newick, on .a farm in the occupation of Mr.
Ellis, which there is no reason to doubt was also the act of
an incendiary, by whiph a stack of wheat, containing 27
loads, was entirely consumed.—Sussex Advertiser.
BALLOONING.—On Tuesday morning, about four
o'clock, as a man in the employ of Mr. Simons, of Little
Lees Hall, was going to his work, be was dreadfully
alarmed by seeing a balloon-on the farm ;he ran to his
master, exclaiming, " Master, master! there's a cloud fell
out of the sky !" On Mr. Simons going to examine this
phenomenon, he found that the balloon was safely an-
chored, and Mr. Green so fast asleep in the car that he
was awakened with some difficulty. The venturous
aeronaut had ascended the preceding afternoon from Hil-
lingdon, near Uxbridge, accompanied by a gentleman, whom
he landed at Epping. Mr. Simons invited Mr. G. to his
house, and on Wednesday morning he departed from Lon-
don.—Essex Standard.

The towns of Weymouth and Calne were last week
lighted for the first time with gas. At the latter place it
was considered an event of so much importance that the
principal inhabitants dined together upon the occasion,
when the Chairman was deputed to light the first public
lamp, which he did surrounded by an assemblage of 2,000
people, amidst ringing of bells, and every other possible de-
monstration of joy.
One of the most noble instances of munificent pa-
tronage of genius is to be found in the present of one thou-
sand pounds—equal to five times that sum in the present
day—by the Earl of Southampton to Shakspeare, to enable
him to purchase in the decline of life " New Place," at
Stafford, when he was about to retire from the metropolis.
It has long been a matter of regret to Scotsmen
when abroad to hear the allusions made to the want of

public spirit which prevents the completion of our modern
Acropolis. A patriotic Highland chief has suggested a
mode of removing this stigma. He proposes that each
county in Scotland should finish a pillar of those actually
erected, with the corresponding walls ; or take such a
share in the undertaking as professional architects should
allot to each shire respectively. The gentleman in ques-
tion, we hear, is ready with his own subscription of 501.,
and many others would doubtless follow his example. The
subject is deserving of notice.—Edinburgh Observer.
A negro, on being asked if he was not sorry for his
master's death, replied, " No, massa hab plenty of people in
England to be sorry for him ; him no want poor nigger to
be sorry for him."
Samuel Aplin, who for upwards of half a century
has performed the perilous task of oiling the vane on the
summit of the spire of Salisbury cathedral, has, owing to
age and infirmity, relinquished his high office. He was pro-
verbially called at Salisbury " the Head of the Church,"
from being so often at its top.
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE BY A FEMALE.—Between
eight and nine o'clock on Thursday night, a young female
of considerable personal attractions, not more than 18 years
of age, was brought into the Westminster Hospital in a
state of the greatest agony, having swallowed poison. The
usual antidotes were promptly administered, and some slight
hope is entertained of her ultimate recovery. The history
of this wretched !girl gives a most forcible picture of the
extreme misery of a life of prostitution. She had been in •
veigled at the age of 16 from her parents, and after a short
residence in London was abandoned by her seducer, and left
in a state of complete destitution. Being ashamed to return
home, she embraced the precarious existence afforded by a
life of prostitution, and a few weeks since became acquainted
with a corporal in the Scotch Fusileer Guards, for whom
she evinced the greatest attachment. On Thursday evening
they quarrelled, and directly afterwards she repaired to her
lodgings, and attempted self-destruction.

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1835.

TOPLITZ, SEPT. 29.

(From a Morning Paper.)
This being the day announced for laying the first stone
' of the Russian monument on the battle field of Culm, Tc-
plitz was stirring at the earliest dawn, and the innumerable
vehicles collected from every part of the country began to
get in motion, with the hope of securing a good place to
witness a ceremony from which so much was expected.
Two or three squadrons of Lancers drew up in the main
street, and 200 led horses, some of them with superb hous-
ings, and all intended for the.service of the Court on the
ground, were inspected in the grand place of the Chateau,
and then sent in advance to be in readiness when required.
The bustle of the little town can only be compared to that
of one of the villages on the Ascot road during the race
week ; and I should not exaggerate a great deal if I were
to say the chain of carriages, horsemen, and pedestrians ex-
tended in a line equally prolonged. The weather was delight-
ful, and the highway free from dust in consequence of a re-
freshing shower which fell during the night, so that nothing in-
terfered with the full enjoyment of the people. On reaching
the place selected for the monument, we found a regiment of
Lancers, and two regiments of infantry, one of them called
Wellington," in honour of our Duke, and three tents with
a grand centre pavilion, and a Roman Catholic Clergyman,
and his assistants in waiting, it being usual on similar occa-
sions that a religious offering should consecrate the place.
The Lancers formed one side of a square, and the infantry
two others, the fourth being left open for the Imperial and
Princely company. Seven pieces of artillery were stationed
behind the Lancers. The wooden model of the monument,
which I have described in a prior letter, was now fully dis-
played, the scaffolding being removed, and the grand stone
platform, on which the real one is to rest, was finished, and
the altars for the Church service laid at one side, a space
being left in the centre for the stone, which the Emperor
was to place.
At ten o'clock a cloud of dust and the rattling of wheels
announced that the Royal personages were near at hand,
and in a few minutes the Imperial carriages, each drawn
by six proud horses, dashed in with unceasing rapidity,
and set down their distinguished company, the proces-
sion being closed by that of the Emperor of Austria,
who had with him the Emperor and Empress of Rus-
sia, as well as his own Empress. The first carriage
contained the Archduke Charles and his son and daugh-
ter, the second one the Dukes Francis and John, the
third the three Princes of Prussia, the fourth the Arch-
duke Michael, brother of the Emperor of Russia, the fifth
the Duke of Cumberland and the Marquis of Douro, the
sixth the King and co-Regent of Saxony, seventh the Duke
of Weimar, eighth Prince Frederick of Holland. In short,
every personage at Court, with all the members of the fa.
mily drove up in succession, the gentlemen being all set out
in full uniform, and wearing their several crosses and
orders, and the ladies being in morning dresses of the most
varied and expensive descriptions. The old King of
Prussia, with General Kleist, who assisted to win the
battle, was in the last carriage, before that of the Em-
perors. The crowd formed in the most perfect order crt
each side of the road as the carriages passed, but there was
no cheering even for the Emperor, and the curiosity of the
people seemed to await one particular person—namely, the
Emperor of Russia, and an unceasing murmur was heard
all round of " Where is the Kaiser von Russland?" The
great personages saluted the people, who all remained
uncovered as they passed, and the younger brother of
the Emperor of Austria afforded me as much amuse-
ment by his convulsive and perpetual movement of his band
to his hat—the frequent usage of returning the courtesy
of the people having given him a habit which is almost in-
voluntary. His sight appears to be bad, and his eyes are
generally cast down, but the right hand is working up and
down like the piston of a steam-engine, in order that he
may be assured that no one's salute is unreturned. The
Court was more numerous than on any former occasion, and
the line of carriages, filled by superbly dressed cavaliers and
ladies, surpassed many of the most gorgeous displays of
modern times, and far exceeded even the best day of its late
rival at Kalisch.

of Russia and the Prince Metternich ; for them every eye

was searching, and on them only I had my attention fixed,
the one for what he will be, the other for what he has been.

The Emperor of Russia is a magnificent man—l never saw
t finer—well made, stout limbed, broad shouldered, acting
a Hercules as well as an Apollo. His face is full of beauty
md expression, with enough of hauteur about it to announce
'iis rank. His eyes are good, and his nose Roman, and if
his small mustachios, which are light-coloured, were darker,
he would be also an Adonis. The light hair and pale mus-
tachios are the only blemish to his countenance. He is

partially bald, but his forehead is high and commanding ;
and while with a square cocked hat pressed over his brow
he may occasionally look too austere, the moment he is un-
covered a milder character is seen, and if there be any truth
in phrenology, his forehead denotes benevolence more than
cruelty. Indeed the whole expression fqrms a marked con-
trast to that of the Archduke Michael, who was constantly
with him, and gave me an opportunity of comparing them.
The latter looks scornful and despotic, and shows how much

two persons of the same family, very like each other in per-
son and in feature, may .differ in the expression which pro-
ceeds from the soul, and indicates the character.
I had the pleasure of examining the Prince Metternich's
countenance for several minutes, and the result is one cf
satisfaction. He is now advanced in years, and his face
begins to show the marks of time ; but the expression is
that of mildness and reflection—of thought—of grief—of
serious steady good sense. His eye is small, and often
restless, and speaks something of the daring mind which is
within ; but the yrevalent. expression is that of patient,

though not sluggish attention—of one who has seen much
and practised much, and found how empty all human
power was, and sought to be at ease, and make those
about him happy. His white hair adds to the reverence
of his appearance, and he looked to me like a sage who
mixed up philosophy with his politics. I saw him speaking

with the same composure to the Emperors and the
Em-
presses as to the minor personages of the Court, and
believe that if Nature has blessed him with a very

shrewd intellect, she has also given him a very good
heart. The King of Prussia looked like a gallant vete-

ran, and felt, I have no doubt, proud of the recollection of
that battle-field, for it was to his presence of mind that
the victory was owing, as I shall presently show when I

come to speak of the day, of the 30th of August, 1813.
My old friend Corporal Trim was at his post, and I saw
with delight the Archduke Charles go up and shake him
by the hand, and call him companion in arms, and the old
fellow successively presented to the Emperors and their Em-
presses. It was delicious to behold the hearty veteran
dressed out in his best attire, rattan in hand, and not a
the
isfp eacnk
itron
n beb
bar
re e fromnwas
th br
nosott-thherealn
gt ohim, iwt
hn ,b
isst ahnadni
dn
g palm turned out, to his hat, and answering all the ques-
tions put to him as if he were before a court-martial.
In vain, the Empress smiled and the Emperor laughed, and
the Archduke and King of Prussia familiarly led him on—
no, not a word but ya or nein, and the same dry tale told
invariably in the same manner. He was equally grave with
the minor fry of the suite, and the youngest boy could get
nothing beyond the starched look and stern response. The
old fellow was all this time as proud as possible, and his
heart was melting, and if it was not against the pride of a
soldier, he would have wept for joy, but I saw him work his
bluff face into iron ruggedness, to pass a drill severer than any
he went through inhis youth. His pretty cottage attracted the
Empress of Russia's notice, and the King of Prussia hav-
ing proposed to look at it, the old boy shouldered his cane,
and led the way as if he headed a storming party. The
whole of the Sovereigns and their Queens examined the
cottage in detail, and I have no doubt left poor Trim sub-
stantial marks of their bounty. It will a lucky day for him
and for his son, who is a Captain in the regiment of which
he was a corporal, as I heard the Archduke Charles recom-
mend them both.

As soon as the Imperial party arrived, the grand Aus-
trian band played the Russian national anthem, and as they
entered the square the military presented arms, and the
cannon gave a salute. Both the Empresses and the Prin-
cess of Lignitz (wife of the King of Prussia), attended by
all their courtly dames, took possession of the pavilion,
and the Princes, Knights, Generals, and other officers
ranged themselves around them, while the Emperor of
Austria, the Emperor of Russia, the King -of Prussia,
and Prince Metternich advanced to the platform, and then
the ceremony of high mass was performed, the great per-
sonages being uncovered and kneeling down at those
parts where custom prescribes. The ceremony, like all
those of the Roman Catholic Church, was most affecting,
and what between the solemn chaunting of the priests, the
smoke of the incense, the salutation of the military, added
to the grouping of the distinguished company, Emperors
and Kings in the foreground, Empresses, Queen, Princes,
and Princesses in the . second line, and the still immense
multitude in the rear, the mind was strongly impressed with
the sublimity of the scene ; and I am sure, if one only con-
siders the nature of Divine Worship, celebrated in the open
air, with all the attendant pomp of several Courts united,
and the highest of human beings bowing down before the
altar of God, and not a word heard but the solemn voice
of the priest, with thousands upon thousands uncovered,
all in silent prayer, I am sure my description will not be
considered as overcharged, particularly at the most sublime
parts of the service, when the Host was elevated, and every
bead bent, and the cannon sent forth their flames, and the
troops, with their successive volleys honoured the Almighty
Being, in whose name the sacrifice, as Roman Catholics
call it, was offered.

_
The mass having been concluded, the three Sovereigns,
still accompanied by Prince Metternich, who alone had
the honour of being placed on an equality with them,
deposited in a stone, hollowed out for the occasion, a
quantity of medals and coins and a written description
on parchment, attested by each of them of the event,
which was immediately soldered np, and put into
its place in the centre of the platform, and the two Em-
perors then embraced and kissed each other, and both em-
braced and kissed the King of Prussia, and the two Em-
presses advancing from the pavilion, standing by the altar,
repeated the same courtesy, and, after another discharge of
artillery and musketry, the ceremony of laying the first
stone of the monument was concluded. I have before de-
scribed the plan and the nature of the inscription, and I
think now, having seen the model fully displayed, that it is
very handsome, and as a work of art surpasses the trophies
erected to the other parties in the battle. The spot se-
lected is an English mile removed from the Austrian and
Russian monuments, but it has been chosen because there
the Russian General Osterman lost his right arm. It will
be of mock bronze, about 30 feet in height, surmounted by
a graceful figure of Fame, who records on a shield the date
of the achievement.

The distinguished company now broke up, and again
entering their carriages, proceeded to one of the beauti-
ful hills, forming part of the field of baile, where a
triumphal arch, with a lion rampant, and an inscription
signifying that he protected those who were dear to
him, was built across the road in honour of the

The King of Prussia, the Archduke Charles, and Gene-
ral Kleist, then from the platform of the monument ex-
plained the course of the battle which had been fought
there in 1813, and was rendered so remarkable by the cap-
ture of Vandarntrie and the greater part of his army. The
platform governed the whole of the surrounding country,
and rendered the narration from the actors in the contest
highly interesting. Culm is nearly at the foot of the great
range of mountains which cross Bohemia from west to east,
and nothing can be more picturesque than their several un-
dulations—some bare rock, others covered with extensive
forests, villages, or ruins of castles peeping through all.
The chain forms the northern barrier of the vale of Top-
litz, but this charming valley is broken by a multitude of
lesser hills, on one side of which is the chapel of Culm,
where Vandamme had his head-quarters, and all of which
were made important on the eventful day.
After the defeat of. Dresden the allied army, which was
completely dispersed, commenced—according to the order
previously given in case of a reserve, to concentrate at
Toplitz—in separate bodies, to make out the way, and
Napoleon, who, intending following up his blow, was deter-
mined to fall upon it with all the masses he could assemble,
and instructions were given to Macdonald, St. Cyr, and
Vandamme, to enter Bohemia at different points, and re-
unite at Toplitz on Monday, the 31st of August, and he
promised that he who should be first at Prague should have
the kingdom of Bohemia. Vandamme, who had under
him 40,000 men in an entrenched camp at Pirn, flattered
by his vanity, and anxious to win the prize, set himself in.
motion, and after reaching the village of Nculendorf, on
the verge of the mountain, where he had been ordered to
wait the combined movement till Monday, and finding that
the only force in the valley was that of the Russian Impe-
rial Guard, 8,000 men, commanded by General Osterman,
committed the great folly of descending on the Friday
previous from his inaccessible position. The two Em-
perors and the King of Prussia, then at Toplitz, ascended
the rock called the Schlossberg, from whence the
whole plain can be surveyed, and there savt with alarm
the movement of the French ; and the two former, find-
ing that the first trial was against the Russians, set off in
affright to Prague ; but the King of Prussia, an old soldier,
who knew that the fate of his kingdom was sealed if the day
was lost, remained, determined to see it out. In the mean-
time Vandamme, with his host of 40,000 men, pushed Os-
terman, with his small band of 8,000, first from the village
of Culm, and then beyond that of Brisen, both of which
were resolutely defended ; but fancying that the Russian
band was but the van-guard of the allied army, which was
in position at Toplitz, he too cautiously advanced, and re-
frained from finishing the affair. Two grand faults being
committed by him—first, in descending before the general
movement was to take place ; and secondly, when having
done so, not annihilatino. what he saw before him, and ad-
vancing to Prague, which it since appears he could have
done. The Russian guard, after being driven out of Brisen,
began to break, and some Cossacks who were with it fairly
ran away ; but the King of Prussia, with great decision,
brought up about 2,000 men, whom he got together, and
drawing them up in a line on a hill (Wachtelhugel) which
crosses the plain, like a camel's back, ordered them to fire on
the Cossacks if they did not return and support their com-
rades. In this way the rout was stopped ; and the 2,000 men
advancing to the aid of the Russians, Vandamme was more
confirmed than before that a main body was at the other
side of the hills. In the meantime the garrison of There-
usenstad, a fortress about six miles from the ground, ad-
vanced to the succour of the Russians ; and a rep...intent of
dragoons, approaching over the hill' unobserved, charged
and carried a battery of twelve guns, which Vandamme had
established on his extreme left, and which cut up the Rus-
sians by a transverse fire of grape. The Colonel of Dra-
goons was impelled to this by the King of Prussia, who
pointed out the facility of a surprise, and felt that the bat-
tery would be fatal in the end. The first day's battle
finished by Osterman holding good his ground in the village
of Soboghleben.

Imperial visitors, and then the Emperors and the Princes
and their suite took possession of the horses, which, as
I have stated, were sent from the Emperor's stables early in
the morning. Three tents gaily decorated with the colours
of the three nations were spread in this field, and the Em-
presses and the ladies of their suite reposed for a few mi-
nutes and took refreshment in them. They were soon,
however, again in motion, and we, who had gone on before
to secure places at Culm, saw the long line wind slowly up
the hill ; and the Emperor of Austria setting the example,
as they approached the spot every one dismounted-from their
horses or descended from their carriages, and each Empe-
ror leading his Empress, and the King of Prussia supported
by his sons, with the whole bevy of Lords and Ladies,
walked on the high road under an arch of military tro-
phies, till they came to the place where the large Austrian
monument to the memory of General Colerodo. as I
have previously described, is situated. Here I had the
best possible opportunity of seeing each and every one
in detail, as the crowd had been left far behind, and all
passed without being pressed upon in review before
me. The Emperor of Austria, wearing a white uniform,
with red pantaloons and a crimson scarf, led the Empress,
who was dressed in a white muslin (I suppose, not being
learned in millinery) over a blue slip ; and the Emperor of
Russia in dark green uniform, with white breeches and large
dragoon boots, led his Empress, who wore white over rose-
colour ; and the King of Prussia in blue, with a blue scarf,
advanced with .Prince Metternich, who wore all dark green,
and scarf of the same colour, Hessian boots, and a cocked
hat with a gold fringed border. They were tbllowed by the
princely retinue in that variety of uniforms which I might in
vain attempt to describe, and by a host of Noble Ladies
whose bright complexions and substantial forms looked far
better than they did the other day at the drawing-room,
and convinced me that a German Princess in hat or bonnet
and morning costume may be more handsome than I thought
her in the sunshine, and a ball-dress so misplaced at mid-
day. The Empress of Austria looked very well, but the
Empress of Russia is a fading beauty, and those who had
seen her a few years ago deplored how much she has been
changed. The Princess of Lignitz was the belle of the
day, and I must say she is still beautiful, and justifies her
former reputation. She wore a green silk and an unbe-
coming hat, but her fine person could not be spoiled by
dress, and her bright eyes and glowing complexion would
defy the malice of an envious milliner. The King of
Prussia has excellent taste, as his late Queen, one of the
finest women of her day, proved, and now, in his old age,
is a comfort to have so sweet a consolation as his wife,
though not his Queen, presents.
The tWo great personages.of the day were the Emperor

1

-46 -

During the night and early the next day a force had been I
brought up from Prague, and divisions of the beaten army
before Dresden found their way to the vicinity of the battle,
and in a short time the Austrian and Russian army outnum-
bered considerably the French ; and Vandamme, who saw too
late his error, and that the valleys of Bohemia were, as Fre-
derick the Great called them, rat-traps, was compelled in his
turn to give way, and he retired through Brisen and Culm in
good order, and contesting every inch of the way. Both these
villages were the scenes of slaughter, and the houses were
shattered or destroyed ; and there is a collection of can-
non-balls which fell in them held as relics to this day. The
Austrian cavalry became stronger than Vandamme's, and
it was with great difficulty he could save his masses from
beirl(r pierced by it. In the meantime General Kleist, one
of thet refugees from Dresden, at the head of about 5,000
Prussians, was threading his way through the Bohemian
frontier, when he heard a cannonade ; and, having called a
Council of War, it was decided to come near it, and he
appeared while the action was still doubtful, though going
hard against the French, on the mountains skirting the
plain and leading from the road through Friburg. Van-
damme, from his height on the Chapel-hill of Culm, fan-
cied for a moment that it was the advance of Macdonald or
St. Cyr's division ; but-the King of Prussia, with a sharper
eye, recognised his own troops, and exclaiming' There is my
Kleist !' gave orders for a general advance, which was exe-
cuted on the instant. Vandamme also was soon undeceived,
and on descending from the chapel and trying to escape, he
was seized by four Cossacks, who made him prisoner, and
the army losing its morale, broke up in despair, pursued by
the Austrians and Russians, who cut them down in every di-
rection, and made 8,000 prisoners in one sweep. The
Prussians on the hills stopped the only road of escape, and
placing their artillery in front barred the passage while the
work of destruction went on below ; but the French cavalry
gathering in a mass, gallantly charged, and killing the gun-
ners, overturned the artillery, and made their way through
and escaped in a body. The infantry dispersed in every
direction, and hundreds of them perished in the woods of
hunger and fatigue. The whole position was commanded
from any of the centre hills, and it was a fearful but a

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