The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-11 00:00:00

HYAM & CO.

}JYAM & CO., 66 and 67, Oxford-street, London.

HYAM & CO.'S Tweed Over Coats.

HYAM & CO.'S Silk-faced Over Coats.

HYAM & CO.'S Suits.

HYAINI & CO.'S Morning Coats.

HYAM & CO.'S Sandringham Surtouts.

HYAM & CO.'S Trousers.

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HYAM & CO.'S Ladies' Riding Habits.

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HYAM & Co's ATTIRE for GENTLEMEN,
66 and 67, Oxford Street, London.
Hyam and Co's Summer Overcoats
Hyam and Co's Summer Suits
Hymn and Co's Summer Silk-faced Capes 255. to 455.
Hyam and Co's Summer Jackets
Hyam and Co's Summer Dress Coats 3os. to 635.
Hyam and Co's Summer Frock Coats 3os. to 70s.
Hyam and Co's Summer Vests 6s. to 14s.
Hyam and Co's Summer Trousers

T_TYAM Sc Co.'s BOYS' SI/MM E 11
ix CLOTHING,
66 and 67 , Oxford Street, London.
The First Establishment in the Kingdom for Juvenile
Clothing.
Boys' Knickerbocker Suits lss. to 355.
Boys' Westminster and Osborne Suits lss. to 355.
Boys' Eaton, Harrow, and Rugby Suits 2ss. to 425.
Boys Light Cape Overcoats
Boys' Jackets for the season
Boys' Serviceable Vests
Boys' Serviceable Trousers Bs. to 14s.

HYAM and Co.'s SELECT DEPARTMENTS.
No. 1. Gentlemen's Clothing for immediate wear.
~ 2. Bespoke or Order Department.
~ 3. Boys' and Youths' Distinct Department.
4. Hats, Caps, Hosiery, and Outfit Department.

j_TYAM AND CO.'S: ESTABLISHMENTS.
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PROSPERITY IN NORTH CAROLINA.—Of the
360,000 blacks in the State of North Carolina only 3,294
are receiving rations. 119 schools are now in operation,
with 135 teachers, the daily attendance averaging 9,034.
Tho destitution among the whites and blacks in various
parts of the State is being gradually relieved. Old North
Carolina coupons have gone up at the National bank at
Raleigh, from 50 to 55.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] Dyspepsia (indigestion), constipa-
tion, debility, consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach
and liver complaints in every stage, are only aggravated and
accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly cur-
able by Du Barry's health-reztoring Itevalenta Arabica
Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been con-
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flatulency, nervousness,
ugh, asthma, also diarrhoea,
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Roberts, timber merchant, of 11 rlml,Y, Surrey, of 30 years'
diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, andpar-
tial dealness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of ex-
treme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings; low spirits, and
nervous fancies. —Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Pecies, lord
lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. —No. 49,832.
Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and
vomiting-51 aria July —Cure No. 54,8!6. The R !iv, James
T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpid-
ity of the liver, which had resisted
.all medical tieatment.—
In tins, 11b, 2s 9d ; 21b, 4s 6d ; 510,
; 121 b, 228 ; 241 b,
4Os.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London;
also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, Ring William-street ; likewise
at 61, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate-
street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand;
54, Upper Baker-street; 103, Tottenham-court-road; 96,
Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close
Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St.
John's-wood, London; and.all respectable grocers and oho.
11146te•—Beware of 00914 Olitait4olll.

In my last letter I related some particulars of an
excursion to the outposts of the Austrian army
before Pergine, in the Val Saguna, about three and
a half miles from Trent ; but as all the world except
Gen. Kuhn and his Staff were in a torpid state in
the City of the Council, I started next day for
Verona to see how things were going on there, and
rtounvsisfirtotmh eßfioetlzdenoftoCvusetrooznzaa. s
daily iinsegxlceltursai
vi u
elwy cl-1
ployed on military service, and no one can proceed
to or fro without a pass. General Kuhn was good
enough to forward the proper document—a " pm-
sirschein"—to be shown at headquarters, Verona ;
and, in company with two English officers who were
travelling to observe the rival armies in the field, I
started by the train from Trent at 5 o'clock on the
afternoon of the 4th August. We found Gen. Kuhn
and some members of his Staff at the station ; and,
indeed, there is little done in Trent which that
keen-eyed commander does not inspect. What a
man be is for loopholes ! If in former communica-
tions I have ever appeared to censure the Austrians
for neglecting precautions, it is but just to say Kuhn
atones for all deficiencies. He has a mania for loop-
holes. I do not see how a single creature from Trent
to; the end of the valley of the Adige can escape
cold, neuralgia, and rheumatism, for man, woman,
and child must have at least one loophole open night
and day in the sitting-room or bedroom, and even
in church they are not safe from draughts. All the
villages, all the towns, are perforated profusely, and
every man's house, detached though it be and far
apart from any neighbour—is his castle in a sense
very different from that intended by the lawyers.
Mines are being laid, rocks blasted, roads com-
manded, batteries thrown up on all sides of the city
with immense energy. As the General was walking
about the station he said, naively, in reply to a re-
mark that he had not suspended his preparations on
account of the peace, " The peace ! I know nothing
about it. I have seen something in newspapers about
peace being likely when the armistice is over, but I
have not had any official communication on the sub-
ject."

The valley of the Adige was simmering in the heat
of an August afternoon, and our carriage was filled
with more than its legitimate number, but as they
all wore uniforms, and we were only there on suffer-
nce, we could only pant and bear it. There were
not a dozen civilians in the train. The station of
Trent is under guard, with fixed bayonets. Every
station on the way to Verona is the centre of a detach-
ment which has outposts high in air among the moun-
tains overhead, and one can readily understand the
ennui of an officer quartered on a bed of gneiss or
granite 6,000 feet up there in a time of truce, cut off
from letters, papers, and books for days together,
stinted in food, and destitute of the smallest luxury.
A Vienna dandy must have great internal resources
if he does not feel a little weary now and then in the
course of the week, and particularly as there is small
chance of active service afterwards. Our fellow-
passengers were not in bad spirits, and one lively
adjutant of a Jager battalion, who had been shot
through the right arm, kept up the good-humour of
his comrades by many anecdotes of the Italian cam-
paign, and amused even the sufferer from a more
recent wound, whose wrist and hand were badly in-
jured by a bullet. Some got out and others got in
along the line, and a British subaltern would have
been taken much aback had he been treated to the
embraces exchanged by the officers on parting or
meeting. Indeed, Kuhn, rugged and martial as he is,
gave two sounding smacks to a general whom he saw
off at Trent, such as no English Achilles ever be-
stowed on his dearest Patroclus, though it, is Raid tho
great Duke had to suffer a goof deal in that way
from enthusiastic allies. All the world knows the
valley of the Adige from Trent to Verona, and would
have seen little change in it. The ruined castles still
keep watch and ward over glen and pass. Churches
(all well ventilated by General Kuhn) on lofty crags
attest the devotion of Tyrolese congregations—
villages, speckling the mountain sides with white
patches, seem to have clambered out of the valley
to escape floods and tax-gatherers, and monasteries
and religious houses close at hand are ready to glean
their harvest of souls undisturbed by the noise of
civilised life among the ravens and lamnzergeiers. Far
and near, however, they are all open to the breezes
of Heaven, which are generally many and strong in
these parts, for the inevitable loophole has been
among them and covered their white faces with an
eruption of black specks. Here, as all over Austria,
the land is seamed with white, for soldiers are visible
at all the important places, and commerce and war
differ in their ideas as to what constitutes import-
ance, so that in the Tyrol soldiers are to be found
in very unlooked-for places guarding what com-
merce would consider very uninteresting and insig-
nificant positions.
Notwithstanding the contrast between rifled guns
and cross-bows, the ancient engineers were influ-
enced in the selection of sites for their works by
very similar considerations to those which determine
the choice of the moderns, and if you see the ruins
of an old fortification in a pass in the Tyrol you
may be pretty sure the Austrians are not far off
to-day. Near Negliany, where the remains of a
magnificent castle show where some chiefs once took
toll of pilgrims and merchants on their way between
the great Italian cities of the plains and the busy
marts of mediaeval Germany, there are seated three
modern fortresses. One is a casemated work in a
gorge, through which the Adige flows in a deep con-
tracted stream. Another, high on the rocks above,
sweeps road and river, and crosses its fire with that
of a third perched on a crag at the opposite side,
and all three seemed to watch the traveller with
their dull black eyes till it has been borne away
through the fast receding and diminishing Alps,
and handed over to the care of the redoubts and
bastions on the plain around Verona. It was
almost night before the train stopped at the Porta
Nuova, outside the gates of Verona. Through the
falling shade, long before we reached the bridge
over the Adige above the city, the dark outlines of
casemated works and of low redoubts could be seen
all around above the level of the scrubby mulberry
trees and fields of Indian corn which render the
plain of Lombardy so monotonous and tiresome to
the traveller and so troublesome to the soldier.
Some of the villages were deserted, but in the open
spaces troops could be seen on parade, and the pa-
rapets were well-manned with soldiers looking at
the train as the great sensation of the day. Since
my last visit to Verona the number of outworks has
been increased, and they seem now to be placed on
two lines outside the regular fortifications of the
city. They are detached, but so close together that
nothing living could pass between their fire, and the
whole country is so level that not a man could come
within range of the guns unobserved. The pro-
cesses of agriculture have tended to increase the
strength of the position created by the labours of the
engineer, for the ground has been cleared of stones,
which are piled up in wall-like lines all over the
country, and, as they are small and round, like 31b
shot, a ball or shell striking one of the heaps would
scatter it like grape or canister. Much as fortified
places have fallen into disrepute, the most daring
General would not like to attack Verona, and few
places would offer greater obstacles to the progress
or a regular siege, provided an the works could be
fully manned, and that they are armed with the
best modern artillery. I believe there are 33 re-
doubts and regular works around Verona in addi-
tion to field fortifications.
On entering the city by the Porta Nuova, inside
the dry ditch, we were stopped by the guard and
asked for our passports, but the signature and offi-
cial seal of the Commander of the Tyrol were an
all-sufficing " Open Sesame" to the city of the Ca-
pulets and Alontagues.
An Austrian band was still playing in the Place

outside the military café, and all the square btweeen
it and the grand old Amphitheatre was filled by
the Veronese, listening perforce to the music which
certainly was not the " food of love" in their case.
And, dividing the gay crowd, we made for the
nearest hotel at hand, and set about our plans for
the morrow. It was, like many plans, easier and
finer in conception than execution. The train
for Trent leaves Verona at 630 a.m. We intended
to get up before daybreak, drive out to Somata Cam -
pagna, visit the battlefield of Custozza, drive back,
catch the train, and return to Trent next morning.
But, in the first place, no one can leave Verona till
after sunrise ; and, next, he must have a passport ;
and, thirdly, the battlefield was two and a half good
miles further away than we anticipated, so the scheme
was finally declared to be quite too splendid to be
practicable. General Kuhn's passport was returned
from head-quarters with General Jacob's visa, and
we engaged a most intelligent and learned vetturino,
who knew, we were told, every inch of the ground,
and could point out the positions of " Piedmontese"
and Austrians, who might but for our official pass-
port have possibly been termed " Italiani" and
" Tedesci" respectively.

There are no two gentlemen of Verona who can
view the present state of affairs with satisfaction, be
they Austrians or Italians. When I went down to
the coffee-room,. or salle Cc manger, or whatever it
was, at the Golden Pigeon and asked for a news-
paper, the mau was as much shocked as if I had de-
manded the head of an Austrian General for break-
fast. " Newspapers are not allowed," said he, " for
some time past, but we have these given to us by
travellers ;" and he pointed to some Vienna jour-
nals from three to five weeks old on the dingy table.
" Well, what news have you got ?" " Ah, Signor,
we never have news in Verona. No !no! no news.
What will he have for breakfast ?" Steam, tele-
graph, and the march of intellect, notwithstanding,
here is a city of 60,000 people full of intellectual
life—a city famous in the world for its culture of
the arts and sciences before the name of Austria
had been invented or discovered, deprived of the
smallest interchange of thought with the whole of
the human race outside the grim forts and silent
earthworks which hem it in and cut it off
from the associations that give such a charm to
the life of modern society. If measures like these
were necessary—if, however odious, they made
Austrian rule in Italy safe or respected, we might
feel the force of them, but it cannot be maintained
that the Austrians have succeeded in making
themselves either thoroughly feared or greatly loved.
The field of Custozza will probably be for ever
memorable as the last battle fought between .Aus-
trians and Italians on the Lombardo-Venetian king-
dom. It will be remarkable as an anomalous action,
in which the victors had no locus standi, and in which
the vanquished were fighting to obtain from their
conquerors what they had already given away. Just
as near as the Austrians were to winning Koniggratz
must the Italians have been to winning Custozza or
Monte Croce. If a survey of the ground and the re-
ports of the peasantry in the villages are to be trusted
the Italians should have gained the day, and all the
stories we have heard about the superiority of the
Austrian position over that of their enemies must be
discredited..

The Archduke Albrecht's detailed report, as far as
I know, has not yet been written, or at all events
published, but as the battle lasted from 8 o'clock in
the morning till 6 o'clock in the evening, and as the
Italians did not cross the Mincio till the following
day, it may be conceived that the encounter was
very severe, and that the victory won was by no
means to be considered as decisive. If there were
any doubt on the latter point it would be removed
from my mind, at all events, by the fact that the
--r bftttArc.o
and abattis in front of their position from the rear of
Somma Campagna to Custozza after the battle, and
remained on the ground for 17 days afterwards
watching the Italian army. I have been spending
some hours of one of the hottest days of an Italian
August among their works, wandering over the
ground on which the battle was fought, and I came
away with the conviction that the Italians had the
best of it, and ought to have won the victory had
they beenequal in endurance to the Austrians.

AUGSI3URG, Aug. 8, p.m.

. _
In a future letter I intend to give an account of
the battle field, but as I am now in search of the
vanishing fragments of the Bund army before it be
dissolved I have been on the march incessantly, and
this letter is interrupted by the urgent demands of
the departing postman at Augsburg.
In the telegraphic summary of the Allegemeine
Zeitung, which I have just seen seen, it is stated
that the immediate provisioning of Verona is going
on in pursuance of orders, and that the Italian land
and sea forces will be raised to their full strength.
Now, so far from any steps being taken to provi-
sion Verona to stand a siege or become the basis of
operations of an army, I can assert, on the best of
all possible authority, that the Austrian troops in
garrison there have not enough to eat at present.
The authority to which I 'refer is the actual fact
that when I was coining from Verona, the day be-
fore yesterday, there were several Austrian officers
coming up to Trent and Botzen to buy provisions
for themselves and their men. Their conversation
turned altogether on the scarcity of supplies and the
neglect and shortcomings of the commissariat. One
field officer, who expressed his surprise at the state
of affairs among the troops, said that he had lately
been to the Commissariat Superintendent,
who told
him the men were very well off, which pro-
ducedhospeaking
a strong and unanimous negative. And, in
fact, one officer got out at Caliano, another at some
other small station, and others at. Trent and Botzen,
to look for whatever they could find. If the Italians
hear of provisions being sent down to Verona, as-
suredly they need not take it as a sign of hostile in-
tentions at present, and may spare their outlay on
fleet and army. Just see how Verona is situated.
The Italians are at Vicenza, and cut off all commu-
nication on the east. The demarcation line presses it
on the south, and reschiera on the west must look
for supplies to Verona, as the service of steamers on
the Lago di Garda is suspended. All supplies,
therefore, must be carried down by the Brenner
pass, and the intricate communications through the
Tyrol. The news of peace is, in fact, distasteful
to the Italians and to the Austrians of the southern
army. Nothing would please General Kuhn and
many a worthy brother in arms so much as the
opportunity of driving De Medici on the . one
side and the Garibaldini on the other out of the
Tyrol at the point of the bayonet, as they believe
they could do, while the Italians are burning with
passionate fever to do battle by sea and land to avenge
Lissa and Custozza. These hasty lines have been
written during a continuous journey,
Augsburg with-
rail, and steamer, from Verona to
ose for I
hour's rep ,
out a night's rest, or, in fact, an
of August by rail ;
left Verona at 630 a.m. 011 by diligence,
6ton in time to pro-
arrived at Botzen in the
diligence,7thof August ; proceeded
after
reached Landeck at
ceed to Landeck by
7 30 in the forenoon of the
s by diligence to Feldkirch, which
in a couple of hour
took
o no
ut to lessPP than
ing, 13 hours; continued my journey,
with
to Bregenz, which I reached at 7
ng of the Bth, and thence went
s
ao'clock on the mornicross the lake to Lindau, from which the rail took
me up for Augsburg in time to post these inconse-
quent impressions of travel.

NAVAL ACADEMY.—The annual examination of
cadets who have recently been appointed for admission at
the American Naval Academy commenced on Tuesday
before the Academic Board of that institution. The fol-
lowing named young gentlemen have passed their proba-
tionary examination, viz. ;—Nathan Sargent, jun., of
Mentana Territory ; Wm. Godfrey Meyer, of Ohio ; Hiram
Hancock, of Ponnsylvannia ; John D. Keeler, of Indiana ;
Joel Arthur Post, of New York ; Greenlief A. Merriman, of
Massachusetts ; Henry W. Schaeffer, of Illinois ; Frank B.
Veazie, of Massachussets ; Gaspar C. Barnette, of Michi-
gan.

It is painful as well as instructive to see the ruin
which has been caused by the diversion of the cotton
trade from its accustomed channel. We would
naturally look for this ruin-to the port which lost so
lucrative an export, not to that which gained it.
It is, however, to Bombay and not to New Orleans
we must turn our eyes to behold the full effect, of
the disaster, for disaster we cannot help considering
it. For four years Bombay has had almost a mono-
poly in the supply of this staple. For the account
of the present position of the capital of the Western
Presidency we are indebted to the Bombay Times,
July 9. " Although ruin and insolvency," writes
this journal, " are overtaking all the well-known
merchants, and even the capitalists of the island,
yet it is believed that large numbers in the third
or fourth ranks of commerce will escape failure,
and some may be ready to take the places of well-
known but ruined native merchants. Until all
liabilities are ascertained and some degree of con-
fidence is restored, such changes cannot take
place. But it is already remarked that those who
have mainly confined their operations to import
trade, and have avoided excessive speculations,
are in funds and in a sound position." Then
follows a list of financial companies, banking insti-
tutions, and reclamation schemes winding up and
in a state of insolvency ; schemes the shares of
which but a short time ago commanded extravagant
premiums, the possessors being considered objects
of envy. A sudden influx of wealth is rarely of
permanent benefit to a country. It requires strong
heads to withstand the temptation to speculation
thereby fostered. At first all is gain, made with
the greatest ease, requiring no discernment, and but
little credit, given at such times to every one with
a good coat on his back. Examples of rapid for-
tunes accumulated from nothing become numerous,
and the infection spreads. It is almost irresistible
when Jones sees a stupid fellow like Brown pass
him at one bound in the race of life. Jones can
jump as well as Brown; so Jones takes the leap
timidly at first, but with increasing confidence, with
almost unhoped-for success. The contagion spreads
until it becomes epidemic, and men and women rush
headlong into the vortex. The means seem to grow as
dirt in the Augean stable, in threefold the quantity
it is shovelled out. The legitimate article of barter
which has caused the mania becomes only one of
many roads to wealth suddenly opened out to the
charmed eyes of the frantic crowd. The main body
rush panting after the biggest and most alluring
bubble. Joint-Stock Companies grow apace, and
that promoter who most audaciously calculates on
the gullibility of the multitude meets with the
greatest success. But little more than a year ago
the concoctors of schemes, which would now be
termed insane, held a position of influence far out-
stripping that of the Governor. The big officials
sank into small people. Little officials disappeared
from society ; and officers of the army, who had
nothing but their pay, could afford meat only twice
a week. The rent of houses went from tens to
hundreds, food became enormously dear, and labour
of all kinds rose in proportion. The change was
magical—society was turned upside down, and
Bombay awoke to a dream of wealth which might
have appeared to a Parsee fire-worshipper as a
scene from the Arabian Nights. It is not an
easy task to extract money from a Hindoo —yet,
in this marvellous transformation, the caution which
makes him consider mother earth as the safest bank
for a deposit, forsook him. The fat baboo, aided
by his wife, who stripped herself of trinkets—the
calculating Parsee—the more reckless Mahom-
medan—were all carried away by the delusion, and
shares in schemes so wild that they will scarcely be
credited when the history of the Bombay Bubble
comes to be told, were scrambled for by the Asiatic
throng with a Babel of Bedlam. At first all went
on charmingly. The illusion was equal in powers
of deception to a mirage, and no warnings of the
journals, and some few wise men who kept
their heads, were strong enough to have a
moment's influence on the reckless speculators.
King Cotton had paid the city a visit, and turned
the people's heads. As the American war drew to-
wards its man,
to be uneasy, but the vortex was so swift, and the
mass of them were so involved in its whirl, it was
impossible to withdraw. One morning Bombay
awoke to find the American war at an end ; Rich-
mond had been captured by Grant—Lee had sur-
rendered in irretrievable defeat, and the Southern
President was a captive in the hands of the victorious
North. Here was another Arabian Nights' scene.
The water-carrier awoke to find himself Haroun-
al-Raschid, and the pseudo Sultan went to bed,
to awake—the water-carrier ; and the last state of
the poor man was worse than the first. So it was
with Bombay. There was a tremendous bill to pay,
and when the people began to overhaul their means
of liquidating the liabilities, they discovered all was
moonshine. What became of the gigantic sums
shipped into the Presidency from England and Aus-
tralia has not been told; but the city, after awaking
from its dream of wealth, went into a sort of general
liquidation. An after rise in the price of cotton
enabled them till lately to resume business. The
first shock appears, however, to have been too much,
and news of the London panic again prostrates
them. The next time Bombay receives £80,000,000
for cotton she may keep it, and turn it to a better
account. But we most sincerely hope that many a
long year will elapse, and that much patient labour
will be bestowed, before such a sum be again paid.
—Anglo-American Times.