The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-18 00:00:00

THE AUSTRIAN ARMY.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

VIENNA, Aug. 14.
Othello's occupation is well nigh gone here, al-
though there is more than enough of the pomp and
circumstance of glorious war, and there is as much
of belligerency about Vienna as if the army of Aus-
tria were preparing for battle to-morrow. Of the
storm that has passed over her little signs are here
visible, except the wrecks of men about the streets
and a few prospectless princes and throneless kings.
There is a steady current of men flowing south-
wards—perhaps it is no longer necessary to keep so
strong a force in Vienna ? Come and see. The
suburbs are like barracks, the public squares like
camps, the Prater like a battle-field. The troops
which march off seem to have their faces in the
direction of Italy, and troops are still under orders
to proceed southwards, so that the Italians will see
the frontier, wherever it may be finally drawn, well
garnished with white coats on the side of Austria.
Such outlying districts of the city as Dornbach are
crowded with soldiers nevertheless, and I hear the
adjacent hamlets are equally full. If Austria could
only get rid of some quarter of a million of soldiers
she could take off some millions of florins from the
enormous total of her liabilities ; but an army is
more easily augmented than reduced in despotic
countries, and the vessel of the State is to go down
with all its crew on board, and with the grand ap-
paratus of a first-class shipwreck. Just as she is
ready for another battle Austria strikes on the rock
of peace, and is in danger of instant foundering ;
but instead of lightening her cargo, she is actually
taking in shot and shell.

" Here is a proof of Austrian sense—
Hero Austrian wit is seen—
When nothing's left that's worth defence
She build's a magazine."
But if Austria had a dozen Swifts in his best clays,
instead of his worst, she would not heed his
sarcasms, or his remonstrances. The crownless
kings who haunt her Volksgarten have no moral
for her, and, unchangeable as Destiny itself, she pur-
sues her career. It is a place for a cynic philoso-
pher to come to, and if Diogenes mild roll his tub
to the People's Garden to-night, he might take coin-
fort in the sight of the poor blind King of Hanover
Strauss's music with its lively chatter. His face is
walking about in the crowd, which is trying to drown
marked by the serene expression peculiar to those
whose " orbs, in dim confusion veiled," must turn
within ; and there is a kindly sentiment about his
features which misfortune and sufferings have not
destroyed. llis son is probably near at hand, and
n Prince of Saxony and one
personagesrol'' can be seen at the
e
;promenade. M. Cabrera and several
irtile Royalligatptrloi en G
ul trn
maypt ot
e bdo
amateur diplomatists are here 1 , w lether for business
or pleasure, who can say ?—thou h they
must be
easily pleased if they can find theg
latter in Vienna
at present. Perhaps they have come to assist at the
obsequies of an Empire or to watch the effects of
amputation on an Constitution. ancient C • on. The ob-
verse of the coinage of t/ us ria will soon require re-
vision, for it is as great a sham to style Francis
Joseph King of
Lombardy and Venetia as it was to
call George 111. K. of
France ; but it will be some

)r/

.

sad consolation to know that the superscriptions of
other coinages, must be altered also, and that the
Masters of the Mint of more States than one will
need new dies. The doctrine of nationalities is only
just beginning to work. We have all heard of the
Kings of Bohemia and of the Kingdom thereof,
though it is probable that the English mind is most
impressed with the remembrance of the blind old
Monarch who was led into the thick of the fight at
Crecy and perished at the hands of some unknown
yeoman, and has some general respect for Kings of
Bohemia in consequence. Few of us have heard
of Czechia, however, or of the Czech race, as an
ancient Monarchy and a civilised people ; but the
Bohemians are now urging the claims they have
been pressing for many years past to a recog-
nition of their autonomy on Austria, and Czech
heroes and Czech literature are coming to the front
with as loud a noise as if all the Hussites were alive
again. Then the Croats are preparing to resist Hun-
garian predominance, and the Germans are getting
ready to fight for their supremacy ; so that the power
of the Emperor to stride across his subjects and keep
them all in order is taxed to the utmost, and the
golden links of the Crown are strained almost to
breaking. Under the surface of the Austrian mo-
narchy there are dangerous currents and violent
eddies and contending streams. The Emperor and
the army and the nobility overlie them all ; but there
is no oil to srnoothe the troubled waters, and the
vast ocean of human thought and passion refuses to
be compressed. The stories of suffering and oppres-
sion from foreign enemies—of sickness and ruined
harvests—of blighted crops and deserted villages—
which come from Moravia and Bohemia, add to the
gloom which prevails. Men talk of popular rights
and of the action of popular assemblies as if they
could cure all these evils, but the wise fear they
would only serve as the craters of volcanoes—to
pour out fire and lava. The news from France is
hailed by some with unmixed satisfaction. They see
in it a chance of alliances that may avert the evil
day, or procure more compensation for past misfor-
tunes. Another eagle is coming down to claim its
share of the carcase, and in the contest a fragment
or two may be snatched by less noble or lucky birds.
Others look on the appearance of the new proprietor
of a set of talons and a sharp beak as a natural and
preconcerted event in the action of the play. If it
comes to a fight it is hard to say which will win, and
what auxiliaries may turn up to take sides on the
stage. Prussia is on a war footing, but her soldiers
have suffered from sickness and fighting, and may
have no great stomach for another campaign with
a different and more formidable antagonist, and
at the same time the most daring, self-confident,
and able of French marshals may hesitate be-
fore he commits himself and his army to a march
at the other side of the Rhine, against so potent and
resolute an adversary. So far as I can learn, no step
has yet been taken to reduce the Austrian army or
its establishments. There is to be a decided move-
tnent for its complete reorganisation very speedily,
but it is not decided what shape the change will as-
sume, except that the breech-loader is to be intro-
duced as fast as possible. The transport service will
be improved so as to give greater mobility. An army
can now be concentrated with rapidity by means of
railways, but no great improvement has been intro-
duced in the way of moving it when once it has been
turned out on the fields from the trains, and much
is yet to be learnt in that respect. Men can only
carry a certain weight, and every pound they bear
diminishes their power of getting over distances and
fighting effectually. The knapsack is the general's
greatest enemy. Next comes his supply train ; next
his reserve ammunition. We hear they manage these
things very well in France, and the Power which is
best prepared for war and can strike the quickest
and most sudden blow has greater chances of success
now-a-days than ever.

(From the Times Military Corralpondent)

GORTZ, Aug. 12.

The Austrian army consists of so many varieties
of troops and races of men that it constantly hap-
pens that soldiers serving in the same campaign and
even under the same general are unableto understand
each other's speech. Individual men and individual
regiments are expected to merge themselves in the
general mass ; all that is done bravely and well is to
reflect credit on the Emperor's army, not on any
part of it only, and perhaps it is as well not to run the
risk of raising jealousies among the different na-
tionalities. Yet by this means some esprit de corps
must be lost, and it requires an Austrian mind to
comprehend fully the wisdom of this arrangement,
which appears to an Englishman more patriarchal
than practical.
There has long been established on the Turkish
frontier of the Imperial dominions an organisation
which has been of much value to Europe in its day,
and still remains valuable to the country which gave
it birth. It is known by the name of the military
frontier orMilitargrantze, and has become a nursery
for excellent troops always ready for service, trained
to arms from their earliest manhood, and ever faith-
ful to the House of Hapsburg. Besides Transylva-
nia, which is simply a colony, partly military and
partly civil, there are the three frontiers—Croatian,
Slavonian, and that of the Banat. The first founda-
tion of these colonies was laid as early as the begin-
ning of the 16th century by a grant of land to cer-
tain Slavonic refugees, but they passed through
many vicissitudes till the present organisation was
effected about the middle of the last century.
The fundamental principle of the system is that
the land is divided among the different families for
their own cultivation, but on the condition that
every male from the age of 18 till he is
.no longer
ec
aa
eabledo
uo ft be
ietahreirn g
forar
hmosm ise ae
rs oflodri
ee
irg,and
rlivaibelee
it of rbe e-
.s
semilitarys
hqarui rdeedre r s But
dniov
daeldl
ienqtou atlhl yr
eseod,
isf
toiro
etth
clae
—l.
The regular border troops; 2, the armedpopulation;
3, the " Unobligater Grantzstand," or reserve. The
whole of the inhabitants are under military rule,
and for the administration of affairs of arts, arms,
and agriculture are divided into 15 districts, 14 of
which furnish each a regiment of the Ist class, or
regular border troops, consisting in peace of two
battalions of six companies, each company having
four officers and 161 men, including artificers, musi-
cians, and men for the service of the officers and for
carry wounded or sick. The 15th district furnishes
only one battalion, both in peace and war, called
the Titler Battalion, of the same strength as those
mentioned above, butit is treated in all respectsh as
Ina
regiment, and will be here spoken of as
ewigarhtfoorfmthateimon
last contains only four co.mp
iiehdavwei.ttihl raeefobuartttahl:inohenast,
tahnids
paired off, each pair
arefurnis
regiments
mauceuvring the regiments
anies.
constituting a brigade. The 13th is counted as a
For purposes of administration and occasional
governed by a
l commandant atAgram, and the other three
genera
of the same rank at Temesvar. The
by an officer
commander has full military, administra-
tive,
brigade by itself. Five brigades are
regimental con?nta
" military administration school" at
and political functions in his district, beingstaff
.. consisting o f officers especially
ySahould war or other important business
ina
and govern the population left behind.
call him away with part of his command, a " Landes
Regiments Commandant" is appointed to take up
hisea ds6u
civil
e dutiesd
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un."")

LONDON, SATURD,IY, AUGUST 18, 18GC.

The Rcryal Message upon the incorporation of
Hanover, Electoral Hesse, Nassau, and Frankfort
was laid before the Chamber of Deputies yesterday,
and it is worth while to notice the manner in which

There are few among the many scientific enter-
prises of the day which have excited half the interest
which very naturally attaches itself to the fortunes
of the Atlantic Cable. The vastness of the under-
taking, the difficulties and uncertainties which
beset its progress, the importance of its results, and
the repeated failures of previous attempts, all com-
bined to make the recent voyage of the Great
Eastern an object of intense interest. It is true
that submarine telegraphy had been carried to a high
pitch, and that lines had been laid at a great depth,
for a great length and under unfavourable
and perplexing circumstances, but all the opposing
conditions seemed to combine themselves against
an enterprise of such magnitude as that of under-
spanning the Atlantic. The ambition of the at-
tempt was more characteristic of America than of
England, though the perseverance and indomitable
resolution with 'which it was pursued, in spite of
every disappointment and after every failure,
•be-
longed of right, to the old mother country. It was
which Englande
a n di
a triumph
ocwsciollv discovered, ,
baeno.druwdh,iechher
kinsfolk across the her.
The record of the progress of the great ship
0 0
in her momentous voyage will be read with the
deepest interest. The full details are now before
us in the diary of Mr. DEANE, the Secretary of
of the Anglo-American Telegraph Company. For-
is comparative'
tunately the history y uneventful,