The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-04 00:00:00

/41

No. 22,948.

THE SUN, LONDON, THITESDAYI EVENING, JANUARY 4, 1866.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.

THE CLYFFARDS OF CLYFFE.
By the Author of "Lost Sir Massingberd," &o.

BOARD and RESIDENCE.—CIiff House, near
Warrior-square, St. Leonards-on-Sea, two minutes'
walk from the Parade. Address, Mrs. Richardson, as above.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

" The Clyffards of Clyffe has very considerable merits. It
is a very readable novel, written in a good style. The author
can give excellent descriptions both of- scenery and charac-
ter."—Saturday Review.

TIMES.—Mr. Cardwell is learning by experience,
which is a useful lesson to every Minister. Since
the news of the proceedings in Jamaica roused the
agitation which is only now dying away he found
how little a readiness to yield to the clamour of a
sect or a party avails to save a public, man from
the attacks of those who lead it and who gain noto-
riety by their invectives. When the denouncers of
Governor Eyre first stormed the Colonial-office
they were met with something more than the
courtesy which a Minister of the Crown owes to
any body of her Majesty's subjects. Both in manner
and matter Mr. Cardwell showed rather an exces-
sive deference to those who came as the representa-
tives of their individual opinions, and who in no
way spoke in the name of the public. He suffered
himself to be rudely called to order, and, without
waiting to receive the explanations it had asked for,
the Government issued a Commission suspending
the Governor of Jamaica, and virtually putting on
their trial every military and naval officer and every
civilian engaged in suppressing the insurrection.
But not one word of praise, or even of common ac-
knowledgment, has the Colonial Secretary received
from the leaders of the agitation. They are haunted
with the notion that, unless they can discredit him,
he will be able in some way to protect the men they
are assailing. A Colonial Secretary must be in the
same boat with governors, commanders of the forces,
colonels of regiments, and such people, and he will,
of course, carry them through if he can. Hence it is
as well to be beforehand, and to show that Mr.
Cardwell is weak, incapable, prejudiced, and that
in his secret heart he thinks "leniently of negro
slaughter when perpetratabrPerSont. high in the
service. Perhaps beforeTarliament meets it will
be dikovered that he shared with Governor Eyre
and the British officers on the station their passion
for indiscriminate executions. We would advise
him to take care not to criminate himself, since even
to speak of the " great promptitude of the authori-
ties," and " skilful disposition of the troops," shows
bloodthirsty sympathies ; while it is enough to rouse
suspicion in certain quarters that he should say the
appointment of Sir H. Storks was not intended as a
stigma on Mr. Eyre. This language Mr. Cardwell
used at Oxford the other day, and it evinces a
courage and, in our opinion, a generosity of spirit
which have been hardly apparent in some Ministe-
rial utterances on this subject. It may be that even
a newly constructed Cabinet, with a new Parlia-
ment to manage and several difficult questions to
encounter, is capable of throwing off its natural
timidity when it collects by the social intercourse
of its members that the demands of Exeter Hall do
not represent the opinions of the country, and that
in this matter the noise has been made by a small
and by no means important part of the community.
The Ministry may have discovered within the last
month that there is a large, though comparatively
quiescent, mass of public opinion in favour of sup-
porting men who have successfully performed an
arduous duty, who have saved a British colonyfrom
murder and rapine, and whose conduct has been ap-
proved in the most: deliberate and emphatic manner
by the Constitutional representatives of the island,
as well as by the entire class which possesses edu-
cation and property. Mr. Cardwell's language ap-
pears to us such as may be fairly used by a Minister
while an inquiry is still pending. The services ren-
dered by the Governor and the military in promptly
suppressing the insurrection will be doubted by no
one who reads the narrative of the outbreak of De-
cember, 1831, which, with a far less formidable be-
ginning than that of October last, caused the de-
struction within a single fortnight of more than a
hundred plantations, and the permanent impoverish-
ment of a large part of the island. There is every
reason to believe that the calamity would have been
even more terrible on the present occasion, since the
rebels betook themselves, not to incendiarism, but
to murder. Mr. Cardwell is, therefore, fully en-
titled to praise the energy of those by whom " com-
parative safety was speedily restored to all per-
sons, of whatever race and colour, who desired to
live in peace and orderly submission to the law."
On the other hand, if undue severity was displayed
by any of the officers in command, or if the military
Commissions were wrong in executing the followers
as well as the ringleaders, Mr. Cardwell may well
urge that lie has done all in his power " to obtain a
full and fair inquiry" into these alleged misdoings.
The event of this inquiry we shall be prepared to
abide, and such we think is the disposition of the
public, though already there is a tendency among
those who urged the institution of the Commission
to depreciate its importance, and to declare that it
must not stand in the way of Any further action
which they themselves may think fit to take. As to
the Commissioners themselves, there is no fear that
they will be wanting in respect for Constitutional
practice and legal proceeding. Sir Henry Storks is
a soldier, but he has long been accustomed to the
exercise of civil functions. The man who was able
to deal successfully with the lonians in those last
years when the display of discontent was encouraged
by the hope of deliverance is not likely to sympa-
thise unduly with a hasty resort to the sword. He
governed without it himself, and may be expected to
believe that others should have done the same. The
other two Commissioners are barristers and criminal
judges, with a natural bias in favour of the time-
honoured system they administer, and a jealousy
of that hateful thing, almost unknown in English
annals, called martial law. The Secretary to the
Commission is also a barrister, and the evidence to
be brought before it will probably be in a
great measure prepared by lawyers. Constitutional
principles will, therefore, be fully represented in
the inquiry, and the Report of the Commission may
be taken to represent the view which minds emi-
nently civilian in their training and modes of
thought take of the proceedings in Jamaica. Al-
though the vituperation and menaces of a party in
England might justify the Governor and the princi-
pal officers in considering themselves as prisoners
on their defence, and as entitled to maintain a
due reserve in their answers, yet we cannot
doubt that they will give the Commission all
the support in their power in its task of ascertain-
ing the truth. Meanwhile, the best argument in
defence of what has been done is to be found in
the fact that so many men in such various positions
coincided in the opinion that the measures were just
and necessary. Unless we are to believe that a
general madness seized everybody, high and low,
who was engaged in maintaining the peace of the
island, the Governor and all these gentlemen must
have a reasonable account to give of their proceed-
ings. Their evidence and that of the magistrates
and other residents in the various parishes will
throw the best light on these unhappy events. It
is difficult to believe that all these people can have
been mistaken for months together concerning the
disposition of the blacks and the dangers which
threatened the island.

CH M RISTY INSTRELS St. James's Hall,
Piccadilly.—The only original mil veritable legitimate
CHRISTY MINSTRELS Every Night at 8, Wednesdays ana
Saturdays at 3 and 8, retaining all the specialties and old
favourites who originally created the reputation of the
Com-
pany. Fauteuils, 55.; stalls, Is ; unreserved seats, 2s. ; gal-
lery, Is. Tickets at Austin's, 28, Piccadilly.—Manager, Mr.
Frederick Burgess.

Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Now ready, in 2 vols., with Illustrations, 21e.,

FNGLISif TRAVELLERS and ITALIAN
BRIGANDS : A Narrative of Capture and Captivity.

By W. C. J. MOENS.

"Mr. Moens tells us in this book of his life among the
brigands. It is a good, honest story, full of adventure, re-
cent, and quite true. It is ♦ery interesting."—Examiner.
Hurst and Blacken, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

rrHE 0 X F O R D.
6, OXFORD :STREET, W.

The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

THIS EVENING, and during the Week, EXTRA. PER-
FORMANCES by all the available talent. Opera, Bur-
lesque, Pantomime, Ballet, and Comedy Every Evening,
performed by the entire company, includiug Hisses Russell,
Fitz Henry, Barrie; Messrs. A. St. Albyn, W. Williams,
Spagnoli, Sc. The HUNGARIANS in their new entertain-
ment; Messrs. Duriah and Davies's illustrations of Negro
Life ; Herr Preskow, the wondrous posturer from the Grand
Theatre, St. Petersburg; the D'Aubans, Herr Berrani and
his talented family; the ENCHANTED HASH, eleven
characters performed by Mr. E. Marshall (his first appear-
ance here', the entertainment written expressly for him by
Mr. W. T. Vandervell ; and a host of other talent, for which
see programme and small biIIs.—EVERY EVENING.

NOTICE.—MAJOR PETER, by the popular
Author of " Lord Lynn's Wife" and " Lady Flavin,"
Is NOW READY at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

Admission—Area, 6d.; stalls and balcony, Is. ; private
boxes, 10s. 6d.

Price is. 6d., or 2s. ed.,
EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS.
Ask your bookseller for "Everybody's Business."

London: Simpkln, Marshall, and Co.

POST OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY for
1866 (67th year) now Publishing. Prices of the Work :
The Complete Edition, price 365., contains Eleven distinct
Directories, viz, Official, Street, Commercial, Trades, Law,
Court, Parliamentary, Postal, City, Conveyance, and Bank-
ing ; the smaller Edition, price 155., contains the Official,
Commercial, Court, Parliamentary, P, stal, and Banking;
the smallest Edition, price ' Os., with map, comprises in two
ttlphabetical lists the Commercial and Court, being the names
and addresses of 56,030 persons residing in London, whether
carrying' on business or occupying a private residence. Also
now publishing, price 255., B rmingham and the Hardware
District, with Sheffield and its suburbs.

Kelly and Co., Old Boswell-court, St. Clements, Strand,
W.C. ; Simpkin, Marshail, and Co.; and all Booksellers.

Pablisbed by J. Clements, Little Palteney-street, price 7d.,
in cloth 13d., a New Work on the Teeth, entitled
PURE DENTISTRY, and WHAT IT DOES
FOR US.

By A. ESKELL, Surgeon-Dentist, Grosvenor-street, W.
"The present may be looked upon in some measure as a
popular supplement to the author's former work, 'A Treatise
on Dental Surgery ;' and should be perused by those who are
troubled with their teeth,"—Morning Advertiser, Aug. 31,
1865.

Sold by Slmpkin and Marshall, and may be had of all book.
sellers.

THE UNITED LIBRARIES
307, Regent-street, W.

Subscriptions from One Guinea to any amount, according
to the supply required. All the best New Books, English,
French, and German, immediately on publication.
Booth's, Churton s, Hodgson's, and Saunders' and Otley's
United Libraries, 307, Regent-street, next the Royal Poly-
technic Institution.

AGENTS required, in town and country, for
the sale of Madame RACHEL'S PREPARATIONS.
—47 A, New Bond-street.

WHAT DO THE WILD WAVES SAY
NOW?—That the FIERY CROSS has arrived,
bringing some magnificent KAISOW CONGOUS of delicious
flavour, and which may now be had, at a mere commission on
the import price, of the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
No. 5, Great St. Helen's Churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.

DR. CULVERWELL'S GRAND TURKISH
BATHS,
3, Great Marlborough-street, 3 doors from Poland-street,
Ladies every Monday.
Gentlemen all other days, 2s. each; 15, One Guinea.
Also opposite the Post-office, 19, St. Martin's-le-Grand.

STARCH MANITFACTURERS
TO 'H. R. H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.
GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
Used in the Royal Laundry,

AND AWARDED THE PRIZE MEDAL, 1862.
Sold by all Grocers, Chandlers, &c.
WOTHERSPOON and CO., Glasgow and London.

DEAFNESS. The SOUND MAGNIFIER, and
Invisible Voice Conductor. It Es into 'the ear, not
perceptible; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in
the head is entirely removed. It affords immediate relief to
deaf persons, and enables them to hear distinctly at church
and public assemblies. Every other kind of hearing instru-
ment.—Messrs. SOLOMON, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly.

SAUCE.—LEA and PERRINS'
WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.
This delicious condiment, pronounced by connoisseurs
"THE ONLY GOOD SAUCE,"
Is prepared solely by LEA and PERRINS.
The public nre respectfully cautioned against worthless
imitations, and should see that Lea and rerrins' names are
on wrapper, label, bottle, and stopper.
ASK for LEA and PERRINS' SAUCE.
Sold wholesale and for export by the Propeetors, Wor-
cester: Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell; Messrs. Barclay and
Sons, London, &O. &c. ; and by Grocers and ()amen uni-
versally.

IVOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
II most useful invention of the day, AGUA AM AR ELL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., Bull Wharf, Ro-
therhithe, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid, which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agua Amarelta has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles, 10s. 6i Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wales.

LAMBERT'S ASTHMATIC BALSAM.-AN
EFFECTUAL REMEDY, without confining the bowels
or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is 0_
mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving
coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and incipient con-
sumption. It frequently cures persons whom the faculty
pronounce incurable, admirably allays the tickling which
provokes frequent coughing. In approaching consumption
its effects are truly beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep, or
even lying down for fear of suffocation, may depend on relief
in a few minutes after taking it. Prepared only and sold by
W. LAMBERT, Chemist, 8, King-William-street, Charing-
cross, London, and by all druggists, in bottles, 134 d., and
three quantities in one, 2s. 9d. each. Be particular. and ask
for Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam, The name and address are
engraved on the stamp.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
home to tho 12 now in operation. Last year no fewer
than 455 poor, friendless, young females were rejected trom
want of FUNDS and room, making a total of 3,087, who have
been sent away in dye years. Here are brief details of a few
of the most recent cases:
F. 10., aged 16, fallen, mother dead, deserted by her father.
K A. F., aged 13, homeless, both parents dead.
A. 8., aged 17, fallen, father dead, deserted by her mother
S. D., aged 15, fallen, mother dead.
C. 8., aged 15, fallen, mother dead,
A. 8., aged 16, fallen, both parents dead.
H. S., aged 14, homeless, deserted by her parents.
M. H., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
C. H., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
A. G., aged 18, fallen, father dead.
E. aged 18, fallen, both parents dead,
S. 8., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
M. A. W. aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
S. D., aged 15, fallen, both parents dead.
The new home the Committee wish to form woald be for
young girls, almost children, from the age of 8 to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Secretary,
Mr. Daniel Cooper, 85, Queen •street. Cheapside; or by Messrs
Barclay and Co., Lombard-street.

110YA_L FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus, King's-cross.

Patron—Her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN.
Vice-Patron—His Royal Highness the Prince of WALES, K.G

President—Hie Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH. K.G.

This Hospital, founded in the year 1828, the first to estab-
lish the principle of free admission to the sick poor, without
the delay and difficulty of Governors' orders, is wholly de-
pendent for support on voluntary contributions andlt2;acies.
It affords relief to a large number of in-patients, and, in
addition to this, the average number of attendance of the
Jestitute sick has for a considerable period averaged between
3,000 and 4,000 weekly.

,
The Committee earnestly solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
benevolent, as the premises of this Hospital are 'capable of
containing several hundred more beds, had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Mas •
Lerman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co. ;
Drummond and Co. ; Glyn and Co.;• ll,wries and Co. ; Ransom
and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ;
Barclay and Co. ; W 'Mania, Deacon, and Co.; Overend, Gur-
ney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co Berners-street ;I. Barned and
Cl Liverpool ; and at the hospital, from 10 till 5.

STANFORD SMITH. Secretary.

SAILORS' ORPHAN GIRLS' SCHOOL and
110.11 E, Hampstead. Offices, 77, Cornhill.
PATRON—The QUEEN.
TRUSTEES.

•
Capt. the Hon. Francis Maude, The Rev. Canpn Champneys
ILN. I Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.
TREASURERS.
R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. I Robert Hanbury, Esq.
This Institution is designed to supply a great national
want. viz., an asylum for the orphan daughters of sailors in
the Royal Navy and Merchants Service and of Marine..
It clothes, maintains, and educates them' for domestic
service, and provides a home free of expense for former
inmates while out of situations, thus shielding them from the
temptations limy might otherwise be exposed. to.
Tue Committee earnestly APPEAL for CONTRIBU-
TIONS to meet the increasing applications through the
recent storms and loss of life at sea, and t o enable them
eventually to obtain premises more commensurate with the
necessities of this great maritime country, which lose. 2,000
sailors annually by casualties alone, without including those
who may perish by war.
Subscriptions thankiullreceived by the bankers, Messrs.
Barclay, Bevan, and Co., Lombard-street, and by the Secre-
tary, at the OM" No. 77, Cornhill.
K. SWEETJNG, Hon. Soo,
CHARLES NASH, bon,

CANTERBURY HALL.
RI-FUMI TI-FUR
The Music composed and arranged by Willem Vandervell,
will be produced This Evening.

Mr. E. MARSHALL will make his appearance in
RI-Fl33f TI-FUM!
Mr. and Mrs. W. RANDALL will make their Re-appear-
ance in
RI-FUM TI-FUM!
LES FRERES D'ETOILE in
RI-F UM TI-FUM!
Les MONTAGNARDS will make their first appearance in
this Country in
RI-FUM TI-FUM!
Th 2 FLIGHT of MERCURY by the renowned
TALLIOT r in
RI-F UM TI-FUM!
Signor TESCANO, the Cousin and Rival of the late
DONATO, in
RI-FUM T I-FUM!
The MYSTERIES OF MABILE in
RI-FUM TI-FUM!
Les TABLEAUX D'AMOUR, illuminated by the Magnesium
Light, in
RI-FUM TI-FUM!
The Beautiful BALLERINES in
RI-F UM T I-F 'UM!
LE GALOP INFERNAL in
RI-FUM T I-F UM!
The Fairy Orchestra, designed and painted by Mr. W.
• Gowrie, in
RI-F UM TI-FUM!
Upwards of ONE HUNDRED PERSONS will appear in
RI-F UM TI-F UM!

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
Baker-street.
NE W ADDITIONS.—In the Chamber of Horrors are full-
length Portrait Models, taken from life, of CHARLOTTE
WINSOR and STEPHEN FORWOOD, alias ERNEST
SOUTHEY.
Open from 11 a.m. till dusk, and from 7 till 10 p.m.
Admittance, One. Shilling; Children under 10, half-price;
Extra Rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.—GßAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is NOW OPEN for the Season.

Musical Director, M. LUIGI CURTL
Manager, Mons. GRENET.

The Band plays nightly Selections from the most eminent
Composers.
Doors open at half-past 8 o'clock; close five minutes to 12
o'clock.

Admission to Promenade, One Shilling.

TEETH AND PAINLESS DENTISTRY.
Messrs. LEWIN and SIMEON MOSELY and

SONS, Dentists,
30, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, Strand,
Opposite Charing-cross Railway Station.

Their painless artificial teeth are unequalled for economy,
durability, comfort, and All purposes of articulation and mas-
tication. Operations of every kind being unnecessary, the
most nervous patient can be supplied without fear of pain or
inconvenience.

Consultation free. Teeth from ss, Sets from sto 25 gs.,
warranted.

For the efficacy, utility, and success of their system, vide
Lancet."

Daily attendance at 30, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and
448, Strand, London ; 13, Whltefriargate, Hull; 10, Norfolk-
street, Sheffield ; 4, East-parade, Leeds ; and 14, St. Nicholas-
street, Scarbro'.

Observe—Established 1830. No connection with any of the
same name.

The Sea Fisheries Commission.

The following are the recommendations of the
Commissioners :

1. We advise that all Acts of Parliament which profess

to regulate or restrict the modes of fishing pursued in the
open sea be repealed ; and that unrestricted freedom of
fishing be permitted hereafter.
2. With regard to in-shore fishing, although the evi-
dence, so far as it is conclusive, appears to us to prove that
the taking of small and immature fish has not yet produced
any injurious effect upon the fisheries, it is undoubtedly
possible that by the use of improved engines the destruc-
tion of fry might reach such a pitch as to bear a large, in-
stead of, as at present, an insignificant ratio to the destruc-
tion effected by the natural enemies of fish, and by condi-
tions unfavourable to their existence.

The existence of such a state of things, however, could
only be determined by the examination of trustworthy sta-
tistics of the fisheries in question, extending over a consi-
derable number of years; and should it ever be satisfactorily
proved to have arisen we conceive that the best remedial
measures would be to place a restriction upon the'size of the
fish permitted to be brought ashore, and to subject the
possessor of fish below a certain specified size to penalties ;
but to avoid interfering with the implements of fishermen,
or with their methods of fishing.
For the present we advise that all acts of Parliament
which profess to regulate or restrict the modes of fishing
pursued in shore be repealed, with the exceptions purely
on grounds of police, of the Local Act regulating pilchard
fishing at St. Ives, and, for that part of Loch Fyn which
lies above Otter Spit, of the act prohibiting trawling for
herrings in Scotland.

3. While we do not consider it expedient to impose any
general restrictions upon the fishing of in-shore oyster or
mussel beds, we strongly recommend that every legislative
assistance be given to persons or corporations who may
desire to form private beds for oyster or mussel culture.
In doing this it will be necessary to keep two objects in
view. in the first place, to provide a means by which
companies or persons may easily acquire such a title to ade-
quate portions of the sea bottom as may make it worth
their while to expend capital in stocking and tending the
fishery. In the second place, to see that, in so doing, pre-
existing rights of fishery are not unduly interfered with,
and especially that the property in the sea-bottom so ac-
quired does not extend so far as to confer a virtual mono-
poly of the whole productive area.
We are disposed to think that the most convenient
course would be to empower a public Board to grant
leases of the sea-bottom, after making proper inquiries into
the circumstances of each case. Such power should only
be exercised after proper notice to the public at the place
proposed to be so dealt with, and with due consideration of
the interests :of the existing population ; and an appeal
from the decision of the Board should be given to the
Privy Council, whose decision should be final and conclu-
sive as to any claim of the public to dredge, or fish, over
the ground so granted. Grants made by the Board should
be for a limited number of years only ; and should be
voidable after a certain number of years, on its being
proved to the Board that they had not been acted upon.
Where a valuable fishery now exists beyond low-water
mark no grant of exclusive fishing should be made with-
out tho sanction of Parliament ; and it would be more
satisfactory to the public of the place where any such ap-
propriation might be contemplated, if proceedings first
commenced before the Board and an inquiry on the spot
held by them, or by some person duly authorized by
them. The various schemes approved by the Board
might, we think, be embodied in a general Act, with
short reports on the individual cases.
4. We think it a, matter of great importance that fishery
statistics should be systematically collected. It is only by
such means that the constant recurrence of the panic;,' to
which the sea fishery interest has hitherto been subjected
can be prevented, and that any trustworthy conclusion can
be arrived at regarding the effects of the modes of fishing
which are in use. It is probable that the existing coast-
guard or customs organisation might be utilised to collect
fishery statistics, as is now, to some extent, the case in Ire-
land. •

5. With reference to the police of the fisheries, we advise
that an act be passed embodying the substance of the pro-
visions enumerated above.

We recommend that the due enforcement of this act
should be confided to the Lords of the Admiralty, who
should place cruisers, of such a character as the nature of
the stations may indicate, on such fishing stations as may
require their presence. The commanders of such cruisers
should receive and report upon all complaints that may be
made by fishermen, or others, respecting the falling off of
the supply of fish in consequence of alleged injurious prac-
tices, or respecting the interference of fishermen one with
another not remediable by ordinary process of law.
6. Finally, we advise that all restrictions which prevent
foreign fishermen from entering British or Irish ports for
the sale of fish be removed in Great Britain and Ireland ;
and that measures be taken to secure the like freedom for
British fishermen in foreign ports.
All which we humbly certify to your Majesty under our
hands and seals.

JAMES CAniD.

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY.
GEvitoix SHAW 14.1raTau.

Post--The late South American mail, though it
brought no reassuring tidings in respect to the
quarrel between Spain and Chili, at all events left
the belligerents in state quo. The Spanish Admiral
contented himself with the exercise of the right of
blockade, and the threatened bombardment of Val-
paraiso is indefinitely postponed. When our last
advices left Chili the Admiral was awaiting further
instructions from his Government, and, as the
nature of the instructions which have been sent is
no secret to Europe, no apprehensions need be en-
tertained of blood being spilt in order to avenge the
fancied slight on Castilian honour. The remon-
strances addressed to the Spanish Government by
the Cabinets of St. James's and the Tuileries have
not been altogether ineffectual, and the results of
the acts of hostility committed by both parties to the
quarrel will resolve themselves into a question of
pounds, shillings, and pence. Even this, however,
is bad enough. It seems at first blush inequitable
that a power like Spain should, after an explanation
of an alleged affront had been accepted by its am-
bassador, revive the quarrel by temporarily extin-
guishing the external commerce of a thriving Re-
public ; but the injustice of such a proceeding
becomes still more apparent when the evil conse-
quences fall not only on the supposed wrongdoers,
but on several communities who have confessedly
been unoffending. England, as we took occasion
to mention on a previous occasion, has a large trade
with Chili—in fact, as large a trade as all the other
States of the world put together—and the effect of
blockading the Chilian ports was of necessity to
paralyse this trade. It may be said that the injury
inflicted on neutrals in time of war is an inevitable
evil ; but, assuming that such is the case, it is the
more incumbent on nations not to plunge into war
without sufficient justification. The trade between.
Spain and Chili was comparatively unimportant,
and the Spanish Government have doubtless
consoled themselves with the reflection that,
being the more powerful of the two belligerents,
they will be enabled to compel the Chilians to in-
demnify them for the cost to which they have
been put by the war. This, however, is so-selfish
a view to take of the matter that neutral States,
which are absolutely precluded from obtaining any
compensation for the losses indirectly inflicted upon
them in time of war, may well protest against so
one-sided an interpretation of international obliga-
tions. The war between Spain and Chili furnishes

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a striking illustration of the ill success with which
civilised States have hitherto attempted to establish
some recognised system of laws for the preservation
of what may not inaptly be termed the public peace.
It is now as it has been since the commencement of
the world. Every State is entitled to look to its
own interests alone in determining on the expedi-
ency of going to war. During the past century the
practice has, however, arisen, in the event of dis-
putes between two or more Powers, for neutral
States to proffer their good offices with a view to the
amicable adjustment of existing differences, and
many instances have occurred in which a reference
to arbitration has been assented to by those who
otherwise would have relied alone on the arbitra-
ment of the sword. But it still regarded as an in-
cident to its independence that a senate should be
entitled to settle it differences after its own fashion,
and, however great may be the evils occasioned to
friendly Powers, a State is held legally justified in
declaring war against one by whom it considers
itself aggrieved. It was the dream of Richard
Cobden, and continues to be so of many others,
that it would be possible to create some supreme
tribunal of States to which those disputes which
constantly arise between the members of the great
family of nations might be referred, and the neces-
sity of war and all its attendant evils be thereby
avoided. Visionary as this scheme must appear
to every one who calls to mind how seldom wars
are prosecuted with the object of vindicating an
outraged right, still there seems no reason why,
in all those instances in which the casus belli
was comparatively insignificant, and especially in
those cases where the aggrieved State admitted its
willingness to receive a pecuniary indemnity or
verbal apology, an arrangement should not be come
to between civilised Powers to refer the point at
issue. A few illustrations will serve to show how
easy it might be to apply such a system if once as-
sented to. A few years ago a difference arose be-
tween this country and Brazil out of two separate
incidents, namely, the plunder of a vessel wrecked
on the Brazilian coast and possible murder of the
crew, and an. insult offered to some English naval
officers by the sentry and soldiers of a Brazilian
guard-house. We demanded an indemity for the
former outrage, which, being refused, we seized
several Brazilian ships and held them until our
claims were satisfied, and the consequence has been
that Brazil has ever since refused to send a represen-
tative to the English Court. The second point in
dispute we referred to the abitration of the King of
the Belgians, who decided against us. The arrest
of the Southern Commissioners on board the Trent
nearly gave rise to a war which would have cost
millions of money and occasioned incalculable mis-
chief if the American Government had not restored
them ; and in that case also one cannot help feeling
that, had such restoration been refused, a reference
to arbitration would have been better than a war.
At the present moment there is pending betyreen
this country and the United States a claim which is
in every sense a pecuniary one, and yet its non-
satisfaction might occasion a war, pecuniary losses
incidental to which would dwarf the amount claimed
into utter insignificance. As to the cause of quar-
rel between Spain and Chili, it is simply puerile,
and yet it has been made an excuse for a war which
inflicts great damage on a thriving Republic. No
one will deny that the matters in dispute might
not have been referred to arbitration without
any loss of dignity to either of the belligerents. It
is well worthy of consideration, therefore, whether
the great family of nations might not enter into a
treaty similar to that by which many of its members
consented to abandon the right of issuing letters of
marque, with the view of avoiding the evils of war
in those constantly recurring instances in which one
State conceives itself aggrieved by another, towards
which, however, it entertains no real enmity.

PRICE 4(1.,
STAMPED sd.

He also saw them off the French packet in the
morning, and gave letters to those who had lost
their tickets.

St. Luke further said—Having regard to the
character of the night, I do not think that the speed
at which the Samphire was stated to have gone was
excessive, but that it was perfectly consistent with
safety. I have known Captain Bennett for the
last seven years—first, on the Folkestone station,
and for the last three years as a commander of the
Dover packet. I should say that a more fit man
for a commander of a vessel performing this service
could not be selected. If the barque had been on
her starboard tack closehauled, and the steamer had
seen her green light, it would have necessitated the
steamer getting out of the way. If the barque had
seen the steamer's red light sufficiently far off, it
would have been his duty to port his helm and get
out of the steamer's way.
Mr. William Hunter, a passenger on board the
Samphire, deposed that he saw the barque come
straight into the steamer, but he saw no light on the
former until the vessels parted, and then he saw a
bright light between the fore and main masts, but
it did not appear to be stationary.
The court again adjourned.