The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-29 00:00:00

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I_7
I SUM

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1866,

The feeling which prevails in France concerning
Prussia continues to manifest itself in various ways,
and those who take a correct estimate of things will
not fail to appreciate it. The last indication of it is
a pamphlet published by the Marquis DE LA
ROcuEJAQeELIN, a member of the Senate, which
is a notable instance of the present state of feeling.
It is true that the writer declares that his views are
his own, but they are also identical with the sen-
timents of the public. His matter is admirably
select, and may read more ways than one under
the peculiar circumstances of the case. "If
the prince favours free souls he will have
subjects, if servile souls he will have slaves."
The object which the Marquis has in view is a bold
one, and perhaps it might be in the end the safest
course to adopt. He counsels France to go to war
with Prussia, and thus prevent that Power from
completing the work she has undertaken, namely,
the reconstruction of the treaties of 1815. lie knew
that in this idea he was by no means alone, and that
were the EMPEROR to subscribe to this he would be
eagerly supported by many. He is, however, the
best judge of his own resources, and knowing full
well how much depends upon success, he is quite
right not to venture unless he feels certain of not being
taken by surprise. Meanwhile, though war is not at
present to be expected in France, there are so many
signs and tokens of discontent prevailing in influen-
tial quarters that before very long there is every
probability of a change taking place in the relations
between the two Powers. Another cause of irri-
tation to the French is the recent determination of
the Prussians to hold Mayence permanently, and
they even declare that it is a condition of making
peace with the Minor States. Really it would
almost seem as if the politicians of Prussia were
seeking to offend and annoy the French as much as
possible, and we are at a loss to account for the cause
of such unwise conduct. Knowing the previous state
of affairs how much wiser it would be to give in in
Borne small points, and make some sacrifices,
rather than provoke a Power they may one day
find it impossible to withstand. Elated with the
remarkable success he has met with, however, it

seems quite impossible for Count BISMARCK to show
any moderation whatever, and whoever is pleased
or otherwise, on he passes to his goal, reckless of
present evils, and totally unmindful of future dan-
gers. Tho acuteness of the politicians of France is
far too great to be taken in by any of the professions
of the Berlin diplomatists, and the comments inge-
niously made by interested parties on the acts of the
KING and his Ministers are quite ineffective.

The Siecle has very ably criticised the answer of
the King of PRUSSIA to the Chamber of Deputies,
and declares that, when the Chamber bad rendered
the task of reconciliation easy, the KING announces,
in plain language, that he thanks the Deputies for
granting him a bill of indemnity for having governed
the country contrary to the Constitution ; and he
gives them notice that he will pay as much
attention to the Constitution on future occa-
sions as on past ones, should the opportunity
occur to induce him to do it. The comment
subsequently passed is a very true one, namely,
that the King of PRUSSIA may'‘ ultimately find to
his cost that it is more difficult to govern despotic-
ally a people who wish to be free than to have a
week's campaign with a decrepit Empire." It is a
significant circumstance that the Chambers, having
fulfilled their mission of sanctioning the Prussian
spoliation of the minor States, and acquitted the
Government of the onus laid to their charge, are
now to be sent to the rightabout, and the greatest
despatch is being made with all necessary business,
in order that they may be closed by the gth
proximo. So much for the first step in the grand
scheme of Constitutional Reform.

The British Association continues its useful and
interesting labours, and the multitude and variety
of the subjects discussed before the different sections
would constitute of themselves a moderate educa-
tion. Occasionally the members have the advantage
of lighting upon a very practical paper, which deals
with some of our social or domestic difficulties in a
manner calculated to do real service. One of these
was yesterday read before oection D by Mr. BUCK-

LAND, no mean authority, " On the scientific cul-
tivation of a salmon river." It has long been known
that the comparative scaarcity and dearness of sal-
mon is due to our own managemnent, andincleed our
fisheries in every department do little credit to our
discretion of knowledge of natural history. "There
is as good fish in the sea as ever came out" is an
old saying, which is true literally as well as figura-
tively, and there is a further truth, which is that all
the fish that come out of the sea bear a very small
proportion to those that remain in it. The
development of our splendid fishing grounds
is a source of national wealth as yet but
very imperfectly understood. Salmon fishing
is of course of an exceptional character,
but there is no denying that we have made great
mistakes, and that even in our endeavours to pro-
tect the fish we have blundered considerably. Our
favourite system of poisoning our rivers has been
most inimical to salmon culture. So averse is this
fish to the extraordinary compounds which we
flatter ourselves are fit to drink that it will not
ascend a river filled with sewage. It waits
for the flood tide and goes up in the purer
waters. Mr. BUCKLAND says confidently,
after careful study of the subject, that
that if the cultivation of salmon in the Thames were
attended to in ten years there would be an abundant
supply. The Thames used to be a salmon river,
but the salmon are now prevented from going up by
the weirs. But in almost every river the unfortu-
nate salmon has enemies to contend against, traps,
haicks, cormorants, herons, and otters, the latter
actually hunting them for sport as well as for food.
Steamers, too, delay their progress, but, worst of
all, are the millers and the poachers. When a sal-
mon comes to a water-wheel it will stay by it for
days. The miller stops the wheel, the sal-
mon goes on, and is caught in his net.
But the poachers are far worse. Mr. BUCKLAND
jokingly said that he heard from a converted poacher
a confession that made his hair stand on end—he
used to feed his pigs with salmon ! Even less out-
rageous culprits do a terrible extent of mischief, it
being no uncommon thing for one poacher, during
the winter months, to destroy 1,000 salmon. A little
trouble taken to preserve the salmon fishery very
soon shows its gocd effects. The idea of
catching the fish as it ascends the river
to lay its eggs is very like the wise
lad who killed the goose for the golden treasure. It
is evident that such a method cuts short the future
supply ; and doubly so, because the salmon has a
well-known habit of returning to lay its eggs where
it has been itself hatched. A good deal of infor-
mation respecting the habits of the fish was given
by Mr. BUCKLAND, and confirmed by other gentle.
men present. Mr. WRIGHT, in corroboration of
what had been said respecting the increase of salmon,
said that three weeks ago he had been looking over
the bridge at Galway, where he saw the salmon in
ranks like soldiers, from 300 to 400, waiting till
the stairs opened. Some years ago, not half-a-dozen
were visible, so that the increase is very marked.
Mr. BUCKLAND'S paper was listened to with the
greatest interest, and will, we hope, give a stimulus
to the efforts now being made to encourage the cul-
tivation of salmon, an endeavour the more neces-
sary, as all our ingenuity seems hitherto to have
been very effectively directed to the getting rid of
salmon altogether.

The report of Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer of
health for the City of London, on the quality of the
water from the pumps and surface wells of the City
is, without doubt, a most important and interesting
theme at the present juncture. lie has made a report
of the average results of his numerous analyses of
these waters during the last five years. The con-
clusion at which he arrives is one very unfavourable
to the condition of the water in the localities, and,
indeed, he advises that none of the water furnished
by the City pumps should be used for domes-
tic purposes. No one who reads any part
of his statement will be surprised at this deci-
sion, and, indeed, it seems only strange
when we peruse these details that sickness and mor-
tality do not prevail to a greater extent in the City
and its environs. Dr. LETIIEBT states that water
which contains such products of corruption cannot
possibly be admitted into the human body without
" danger " or " insidious mischief." At the present
time the risk of imbibing such impurities is far
greater. To illustrate this he gives an account of
the cholera which broke out in St. James's, West-
minster, in 1854, and which was traced to a pump
in Broad-street that was a favourite one. Of the 73
persons who died during the first few days' of the
attack 61 had drank the water from the fatal pump.
Even those who lived at a distance, and had the
water sent to them on account of its supposed purity,
were attacked with cholera. This certainly furnishes
a striking instance of the great dangers that ensue
from impure water, and people cannot possibly be

too careful how they drink what has not been pro-
perly examined. Another example is furnished
from a village in Surrey, where the people on
one side of the street were attacked, and it
was ascertained that the common pump
for that side had become polluted with
the soakage of the adjoining sower. Directly the
pump was interdicted the spread of the disease was
arrested. Many similar cases occurred during the
cholera attacks of 1848-9 and 1853-4, which
showed the influence of water in propagat-
ing disease. All these, adds Dr. LETHEBY,
are " warnings of the danger of using water
polluted with sewage and the drainage from cess-
pools, nor are the percolations from the graveyards
of a city less injurious, for experience has demon-
strated that these also are a prolific source
of disease." Finally, we may well concur in the
remark of the doctor, that the water from the sur-
face wells of the metropolis is quite unfit for public
use, " and that no natural process of oxidation can
render it safe." The sooner the authorities
coincide with this opinion the better it will be for
the health and comfort of the community.

a(elivieterrsteo,:r tko_
congratulate them upon o
The prorogation of the Canadian Parliament
place on the 15th inst., and happilythe
General was able,
in
nditshmepositionissingthe
of the colony.
Thanks to their own prompt and vigorous measures,
thanks also to the wise and kindly interference of
the American Government, the excitement pro-
duced by the Fenian manoeuvres is altogetherataonf
end, though a strict watch is kept on those parts
the frontier where any disturbances might be
threatened. The spirit and patriotism of the
colonists has been unmistakeably shown during the
crisis, and the Governor now expresses his
gratification at the provisions which the Legisla-
ture has made for those who have suffered during
the struggle. The votes for the defence of the
country have been on a liberal scale, so that
the Government will be able to improve
the efficiency of the Volunteers in every '
respect. The triumphant conclusion of the great
telegraphic exploit, which has been so long a subject
of anxious expectation in both hemispheres, natu-
rally occupied a prominent place in the Governor's
address. Another important topic was the pro-
posed confederation of the provinces, which will,
we hope, before very long, become an actual fact.
Altogether the prospects of our Canadian kinsfolk
are hopeful and promising, and we +put that the

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OL`P. OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
Pan's, Tuesday Evening.
The Moniteur gives, on the authority of a letter
from Florence, some interesting facts relative to the

battle of Custozza. General La Marmora, before

resigning his post as Chief of the Staff, addressed a
detailed report to the Minister of War, which ex-
plains and completes the documents anterior to that
battle. The report shows that the object of the
attack by the Italian army on the 24th of June was

:o penetrate between the fortresses of the Quadri-
.

ateral, so as to impede the communication and ope-

rations, and facilitate the passage of the Lower Po
by Cialdini. The report lays stress upon the fact
that this Italian movement was frustrated by the
night march of the Austrian army, which suddenly
appeared in battle array on the heights of Custozza

and Somma Campagna at the time when it was

still believed to be on the Adige. The document

proves that the exact loss of the Italians on the
24th of June was 8,175 killed, wounded, or pri-
soners. Among them were 337 officers.
La Liberte describes the following to be the
" position" as regards Prussia :
" All that tends to the substitution of legality for
despotism shocks M. Bismarck. lie does not, it is
true, oppose the real and immediate union of the
States, but he wishes his hands to be left free. The
German Parliament, he says, has nothing to do
with the matter. All that he consents to admit is
that the law relative to the annexations shall fix
the Ist of October for the introduction of the
Prussian Constitution into the annexed States. We
do not yet know whether the views of the Com-
mission or those of M. Bismarck will triumph, but
if, as is to be feared, the first Minister should be
successful upon this point, there will hereafter be
three categories of Prussians.
" The first will comprise Prussians, properly so
called.

" The second will include the people annexed,
who governed by Prussian agents, living in a tern-
porary condition, willfurnish contingents, and, with-
out possessing rights, will have duties to perform.
" In the third category must be included Saxony,
which, although preserving its king and a sort of
autoncmy, will have a Prussian Military represen-
tative, who probably will act the same part as the
English resident in the Indies as regards the Kings
of Qude.
" In these three divisions we seek for the free
Prussians. We have not yet found them."
M. Roger de Beauvois, a literary man of note,
has just died after a painful affection of the spine.
He was born in 1809. His first literary produc-
tions appeared in 1832. He plunged into the
romantic school, and published a series of romances
of the middle age. The most remarkable was
" L'Ecolier de Chuny, or the Sophisme," which
made much noise at the time. Mt die Beauvoin
wrote a great deal, good, bad, or indifferent, and
used his pen laboriously up to his latest hour.
Rossini had a private party on Saturday evening,
at which a composition recently finished was heard.
Madame Alboni sang a " Salutaris," and was ac-
companied on the piano by Rossini himself. Rossini
expressed great satisfaction at the interpretation of
his new composition, which was encored and given
again with great zest by Alboni. Some other
morceaux by Rossini, not known to the:public, were
executed.

The weather remains unsettled, with a hot and
heavy atmosphere. Dark clouds have prevailed all
day, and there have been occasional very heavy
showers. It appears that the thunderstorm of
Sunday evening did much injury in some of the
provinces. _ _

ThelVestern Railway Company have just adopted I
an arrangement for the security of passengers, and
to enable them to communicate with each other. A
key is placed in a glass case with which the door
can be unlocked in an emergency, but there is an
announcement that a resort to it frivolously will
render the person liable to punishment. On break-
ing the glass an alarm bell can be sounded. 1 may
remark that this is not a new plan. It was in opera-
tion on the line from Boulogne to Paris before that
line was completed to Amiens. The Dombes Rail-
way from Lyons to Bourg has just been inaugurated.
It will afford an easy and convenient communica-
tion between the departments of the Rhone and the
Ain. The carriages are on the American plan and
are very convenient. There are no doors. The
entrance is by an external platform, back and front.
There is free circulation along the whole train, and
passengers can easily pass from one carriage to
another. A religious ceremony was performed at
Villars on the occasion of the opening of the line.
It was at Villars that the two trains met, one from
Bourg and the other from Lyons.
The Opinione, an Italian paper, states that the
prisoners of war made by the Italian troops have
been restored to the Austrians at Peschiera. There
were 31 officers and 1,800 soldiers. There only re-
mained about a dozen prisoners in the hospitals.
They all express gratitude for the kind treatment
they received during their captivity. Three Austrian
officers made a complaint that when they were
taken some Italian soldiers took away from them
money and valuables to the amount of 211 florins.
The Minister, Pettinengo, in answer to their com-
plaint, said that though it was impossible during
the combat to prevent such isolated culpable acts,
and although he must rely upon the personal alle-
gation of the Austrian officers, yet he accepted their
word as he would that of the Italian officers, and
the amount which had been taken from them should
be compensated.
A Marseilles paper states that an inhabitant of
that city has discovered a new motive power, much
more advantageous than steam, and quite free from
any danger of explosion.
The Petite l'resse has a mysterious account of an
alleged attempted extortion on the part of a well-
known singer, aided by her mother, of which the
intended victim is a rich banker. It does not give
details, but says they will shortly be brought before
a court of law, and will involve some curious dis-
closures. There was a parallel case about sixty

years ago.
In a document recently discovered in the archives
of Lyons the following is recorded of Rabelais.
Rabelais was surgeon to the hospital at Lyons in
1534, when an epidemic broke out. Rabelais be-
came alarmed, and instead of attending to his duties
suddenly left the town. The directors met, and
agreed to a motion that " Maitre Rabelais had ab-
sented himself and abandoned the said hospital
without notice or taking leave." Two other sur-
geons, Maitres Conape and du Castel, solicited
permission to undertake the duty of Rabelais, but
a councillor of the town proposed that they should
not fill up the appointment till Easter, " as the said
Rabellais was at Grenoble, and might return." As
article he did not return, however, Pierre de Castel was
appointed surgeon to the hospital in his stead, but
omnentthieonmofiltihtae
at a reduced salary.
theinwraintear 17
Chevalierw en oof
Franceßalthazar,
and gives an extract from a certificate of burial,
which states that on the 26th of
October, 1704,
there died in the parish of St. Sulpice, Genevieve
Premorja, called the Chevalier Balthazar, Com-
mander of the Order of St. Louis, and formerly
captain in the Regiment of Turbilly, whose hus-
band, Jean Gounie, was lieutenant in the same
company. This " dashing white sergeant" was a
captain, and her husband only a lieutenant, and
therefore she had a right to command in the regi-
ment, if not at home.

The Paris Press contains the intelligence of the
recent death in that capital of Mr. George Henry Francis,
for many years a well-known member of the London and
provincial Press, in the capacity •of editor, manager, and
contributor, and also as a writer iu Fraser. The Orators
of the Aye, 7'his Age of Veneer, and Contemporary Orators,
were from his pen. Mr. Francis died at the age of 50. A
large drab° of literary friends in England will lament his
loss.
FUNERAL OF THE REV. JOHN GROTE.—CAM-
BRIDGE, AUGUST 28.- -The funeral of the Rev. John Grote,
8.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of
Cambridge, took place at Trumpiegton, of which place he
Was vicar, this morning,

GERMANY.

Mumcii, Aug. 29.

The troops belonging to Electoral llesse and
Nassau, which are still stationed on Bavarian
territory, will shortly return to their homes.
The territory which Bavaria cedes to Prussia
contains 33,900 inhabitants.

PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA.

BERLIN, Aug. 29.

The Austro-Prussian treaty of peace is in all the
principal points only a repetition of the peace pre-
liminaries, with a slight variation in the wording.
One of the articles, however, modifies the treaty of
commerce between Austria and the Zollverein by
stipulating that six months' notice must be given
before either party can withdraw from the con-
vention.

After the peace treaty hasbeen ratified, the Prus-
sian troops will at once commence the evacuation
of Austrian territory, and the officers and assistants
of the transport commission entrusted with superin-
tending the operation of that movement left this
city on Saturday. Orders have already been given
for the transport of the troops of the Prussian
head-quarters from Prague to Teplitz, and this has
probably been already accomplished.

HUNGARY.

PESTII, Aug. 28.

Count Andrasey is still at Vienna. lie enter-
tains hopes that the Liberal party will be victorious,
and that a complete llungarian Ministry will be
obtained.