The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-22 00:00:00

COopt,.
0 11,
1, • , 4, rii)4i.
•••••,„!.'•,-., `tr
*
(4-` i tu''''l4ll4• H
iz. /fir, r• 1
feig
-Ottf4
r 4, y 4,4
1 -4"
N„.3_2;e0,,
2, \‘470)114/"...,
66!es-
;
0. ,‘
AV, • • . a * I V 4: rmul"t tY/r/
,6fT.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING,INOVEMBER 22, 1859.

C.ENTRAL ITALY.

will lend us its powerful aid to contract abroad a
loan for the special purpose of increasing our army.
" Your vote, gentlemen, will render this opera-
.

The following is the text of the message of the
Bolognese Government, read by the Marquis Pepoli
at the sitting of the National Assembly on the Bth
inst. :

tion more easy.
" The Regency will consolidate our credit„ and by
means of the unity of the Government our provinces
will present themselves with greater moral autho-
rity, with greater material force, before the Con-
gress of Europe.

"Gentlemen,--The proposition of his Excellency
the Governor, which has been unanimously ac-
cepted by you, dissolves the partial Government of
the Romagna. In this earnest moment we think it
our duty to sum up before you, without boasting
but without fear, all that we have endeavoured to
do for the good of our country, and in. order to
attain the final object towards which all our efforts
tend—annexation to Piedmont.
" The first net of the new Government was to
present to his Majesty the solemn declarations of
these countries, and to ask him to assume the direct
possession of power. The noble and generous words
that issued from his august mouth are still fresh in
the memory of us all. The King promised that--
strong in the rights conferred on him by the votes
of the Assemblies—he would defend before Europe
the destinies of these provinces. And the word of
the King, who has never broken his promises,
ought to give to us all the assurance that when the
Congress meets a loyal voice will rise to say that
these provinces reject the temporal government of
the Pope, and firmly desire to be annexed to Pied-
mont.
"The note addressed to the Powers defends and
illustrates all ths votes expressed by you.
"Published by all the foreign journals, it has
brought our cause before the tribunal of public
opinion. To the great astonishment of all, this
document has hitherto remained without an answer
from our adversaries. They have kept silent before
the evidence of the facts ; they have had recourse
to mendacity. To all the accusations the Govern-
ment has opposed the contradictory proofs and
official documents. Impartial history will register
in its pages that no party ever more dishonoured
itself by calumnies than the clerical party has in
1859.
" If reasons of high policy, if the respect duo to
international rights have prevented the King from
immediately conlying with our votes, on our side
we ought not to suffer ourselves to be conquered
by the difficulties or the dangers. We ought to
march resolutely onwards. Our Government claims
the initiative of the measures taken for the union
of the four States of Central Italy. It has not hesi
tated to declare that partial self-government must
at once cease if the Governments wish our coun

" Gentleman, in tranquilly laying down the
power, of which we have only known the difficul-
ties, we feel confident that the new order of things
will accelerate the triumph of the Italian idea. In
the meantime receive our assurance that we shall al-

ways be the first to make every imaginablo sacrifice
for our common country."

The Monilore di Bologna publishes the following
decree :

" Art. 1. The Ministries of Foreign Affairs and
of War in the Romagnas are suppressed.

" Art. 2. The present functions of the Minister
of Foreign Affairs will devolve on a Cabinet section
of the Government.

"Art. 3. The military administration is entirely
centred in the War Ministry, having its seat at
Modena.
" Art. 4. Successive decrees will determine the
future destination of the officials belonging to the
two suppressed/Ministries, who will continue to
draw their salaries and hold themselves at the dis-
posal of Government.—Given at Bologna this 10th
of November, 1859.

" TIIE GOVERNOR, FARINI."

AFFAIRS OF ITALY.

A letter from Vienna, dated Nov. 18, says—
Although the Austrian Government has recently
been even more reserved than usual, it has trans.
pired that the letter which the Emperor Napoleon
addressed to King Victor Emmanuel on the 20th of
September produced an exceedingly disagreeable
impression on the Emperor Francis Joseph, and led

to remonstrances on the part of his Minister for
Foreign Affairs. It is still somewhat doubtful whe-
ther the Congress will meet, as Austria is resolved
that Peschiera and Mantua shall not become federal
fortresses, and has repeatedly expressed herself to
that effect. It is also stated that this Government
entered a protest against the proposed Regency of
the Prince de Carignan, but the story does not zp-
pear probable, as Austrian statesmen must have
known that the matter could safely be left in the
hands of the Emperor Napoleon, who is evidently
disinclined to
.give further encouragement to the
Sardinian project of annexation. The French
Monarch wishes to strengthen Sardinia at the ex-
pense of Austria, but not to make her so strong that
she could hold her own against her powerful foe
without the assistance of France. Russia and
Prussia are willing to go into Congress without
previously making conditions, but Austria and
England wish to come to a complete understanding
before they meet in council. In this city it is now
the fashion to rail at England, but in the highest
political circles the French Government is much
more unpopular than the English. Austria is
obliged to bow the knee to France, and such a
humiliation must be wormwood and gall to the
chief of the house of Hapsburg, For the moment
Austria is powerless, but it doesb not admit of a
doubt that she calculates on regaining possession of
Lombardy at some future time. As long as Napo.
leon 111. sits on the French throne Lombardy will
form part of the kingdom of Sardinia, but hardly
much longer, unless the great Powers shouid
rantee its possession to the House of Savoy. The
Duke of Modena, who has been inspecting his troops,
which are cantoned between Mantua and Serravalle,
has returned to this city. In official circles it is
said that the Emperor of Austria was exceedingly
struck by the "talent for business" which was
displayed at Villafranca by the Emperor of the
French, but when the Congress meets it will be seep
that the latter committed as great a blunder as ever
was made by profesSed diplomatists. Instead of
making the line of the Po between Borgoforte and
Ostiglia the frontier, his Majesty left the districts of
Suzzara, Revere, Sermide, &c., which are on the
right bank of the river, in the hands of Austria.
The Austrians congratulate themselves on this over-
sight on the part of the French Monarch, but it
would have been better for all parties if the Po had
divided the Austrian possessions from Modena. As
things now stand, this Government will be con-
tinually tempted to interfere in Central Italy, and
the past has clearly shown that it is unable to resist
such a kind of temptation. Several persons have
recently been arrested in Venetia for carrying on a
compromising correspondence with persons on the
other side of the To, and among others are Dr.
Gerra, of Padua ; M. Monts.lbano, of Conegliano ;
and M. Spruzzi, a sculptor of some renown at
Verona. There was a private Schiller Festival
at Venice on the 12th instant, and the Germans
proved their veneration for the great deceased by
dancing until cockcrow. There is some question of
establishing a " Schiller Casino" at Venice, but
the plan has very little chance of success, as every
man with Italian blood in his veins is sure to be
opposed to it. Venice is now much infested with
burglars, and last week an old man was murdered
on the road to Mestre, and robbed of his watch, a
couple of rings, and a considerable sum of money.
A few days since an Italian noble was arrested at
Treviso, for endeavouring to induce soldiers on
furlough to join the national army. The soldiers
who belong to the regiment Wernhardt, which
recruits at Treviso, informed against the Count and
one or two other persons who offered them money
if they would be faithless to their flag.
Officers of rank have repeatedly told me that the
spirit in the army," is not what it used to be," and
this information is indirectly confirmed by a circular
which was a few days ago issued by the Chief of
the Supreme " Commando" of the army. In the
circular, which is addressed to the generals of
divisions, it is said that during the war the
" Ober-Commando" had to complain of the loud
and disloyal discussions of the officers in public
places. " The admonition then given," says the
military censor, " appears to be forgotten, and is
therefore republished. It is an offence against the
discipline of the army if its members criticise or
censure the measures of Government or the orders
of the Emperor, and any persons guilty of such
offence will be severely punished." The circular
has produced a very bad impression, and the
dislike to the system of favouritism appears to be
greater than ever. At all events, the officers speak
even more plainly than they did formerly, and
openly declare it to be a disgrace to the army that
men who proved their utter incapacity both at
Magenta and Solferino should still be in command.
According to the new arrangements, the army is to
bo divided into eight infantry and one cavalry
corps. Count Clam is to command the first infantry
corps, Prince Edmund Schwarzenberg the second,
the Archduke Ernest the third, the Archduke- Chas.
Ferdinand the fourth, Count Stadion the fifth,
Prince Edward
,Lichtenstein the sixth, Prince
Alexander of Hesse the seventh, Count Thun the
eighth, and Prince Francis Lichtenstein the cavalry
corps; but General Benedek has neither been made
Feldzeumeister nor appointed to the command of
the army in Italy.
The Jesuits, who are known to be reactionary
politicians rather than pious priests, daily become
more unpopular, and, strange to say, some of the
highest persons in the realm seem to take pleasure
in identifying themselves with them. Dr. Schrader,
a Jesuit professor of theology and dogmatics, who
was not long ago imported from Rome, has esta-
blished a " Maria Congregation" here; but the
thing does not seem to take, although there are two
noble proselytes—one of whom is a pensioned
General—at the head of it. During the Schiller
festival at Innspruck the Jesuit professor Pater
Kobler, who is Rector Magnificus of the Univer-
sity for the year, ordered the " black-red-gold"
ribands to be taken from the banner of the stu-
dents. As the colours had been borne in 1848 and
1849, when the Tyrolese students sallied forth to
do battle against the enemies of the empire, the
young men were very wroth, but they managed to
suppress their ire until the evening, whet they
held a conventicle or " commerce" in the village of
Wiltau. As soon as the students were supplied
with das edle nass (the generous " wet "), one of
them—Count Hugh YOn Enzenberg —made a speech,
the pith of which was that the Pater had commit-
ted an act which was either "stupid or imperti-
nent," inasmuch as the colours removed had twice
taken the field against the enemies of Austria. The
Innspruck correspondent of the Frankfort Journal,
who gives the foregoing details, adds that the toast
" The German Colours " was drunk with thunders
of applause. Things are progressing so rapidly in
all parts of Austria that the reforms of the Govern-
ment will come too late unless a little more steam
is put on. In defiance of the Ministerial ordinance,
the " Seniorate" of the Lutherans in the Pesth

tries to await calmly and resignedly the meeting
of a Congress.

" This fact is now going to be accomplished, and
wo congratulate ourselves that your vote has sanc-
tioned the line of conduct pursued by us.
" At home our Government had specially three
duties to observe—to maintain order, to assimilate
our, laws to those of Piedmont, and prepare the
elements of a vigorous defence.

" Order has not been disturbed ; the good
sense and prudence of our population have
triumphed over . the incessant provocations
of a party which, if it has not dared to
combat openly against its adversaries, has
endeavoured to strike them by covert means and
insidiously. Nevertheless, the line of conduct pur-
sued by us has been moderate, for the moderation
of this movement forms its main strength, its glory,
and compels our enemies to descend to falsehood
for their weapons. While respecting and honour-
ing the priest in the discharge of his sublime mis-
sion, we have not permitted the pulpit to be trans-
formed into the orator's tribune, or words of anger
to proceed from a spot whence only words of peace
should issue.

"In a Circular note just drawn up we have ex-
plained to civilised Europe the acts of impartial
justice that we have been induced to adopt against
all those who endeavour secretly to prepare in our
countries the only intervention to be feared by us
—that of anarchy.
"Notwithstanding the deeds of ♦iolence, the
arbitrary acts, the acts of vengeance, perpetrated
by the Pontifical Government when the Austrian
arms had, in 1849, re-established its authority over
these provinces, we have only had recourse to
moderation, oblivisn, justice.
" While the Government did not hesitate to ac-
knowledge the part of the Pontifical debt assigned
to us for the past, to the advantage of the •religious
corporations and pious establishments, we have
prepared a law that secures to the:officials dismissed
in 1849 for political acts, a just compensation for
the sufferings they have endured.
"At home the Administrations have been re-
gularly carried on. The municipalities and the
National Guard have been organised. The laws
affecting our shipping and police have been re-
formed, the supplies of the ports for the protection
of commerce have been raised, and a commissariat
appointed ; four now telegraphic stations have
been opened; a contract has been concluded for
demolition of the fortress of Ferrara, that reminds
us of the outrages we have suffered from during
the Austrian sway.

" We have established on the same bases as those
in Piedmont the University studies, both primary
and secondary; increased the number of professor-
ships in the University of Bologna; and freed by
new laws the Italian mind from the bonds that re-
pressed its development. We have obtained with-
out violence or party rage the transfer of non-
ecclesiastical causes to the secular tribunal.
" The new laws decreed are all in unison with
the Piedmontese laws. The acts are drawn up in
the King's name ; justice is also administered in his
came; the royal arms figure over the public build-
ings ; all our blazoniugs have been placed under the
Savor flag.
" The postal charges have been made alike bet ween
Central Italy and Piedmont ; we have also done
the same for the telegraphs, the coinage, weights
and measures.

" An important fact of union has been accom-
plished. The industry and trade of our countries
have derived great advantage from the enlarge-
ment of the territory, and the principles of a wise
commercial liberty have reopened the source of the
public wealth.
" To-day, from tke frontiers of the Rhone to the
Cattoliea, we are only the provinces of one and the
same kingdom in an industrial and commercial
sense. The union is there.

" Passports in the interior have been abolished,
the traveller now journeys freely and without hin-
drances through his regenerated native land.
" The army, which the resolution to compel sol•
diers to serve 18 months had raised in all parts,
now counts 15,000 men in its ranks and 783 horses.
The flying columns have been transferred into a
permanent army,

The treasury has amply provided for every
military requirement.
" In the accounts that will be laid before you
you will see that the expenses of the army for the
last three months are estimated at 818,000 erowns.
We have bought munitions, horses, muskets, and
cannon.

" Notwithstanding this outlay and the expendi-
ture required by the commonwealth in several
branches of the budget of payments made, the re-
sult of the first four months leaves us a surplus in
hand of 304,000 crowns. During the last quarter
the receipts have surpassed the outgoings by 218,000
crowns, and this without the laying on of fresh
taxes, without resorting to any exceptional mea-
sures, and even with the diminution of certain
charges.

"Nevertheless, a few experimental essays had
been !made with a view to procure some extraordi-
nary resources for the Government. The Govern-
ment would not havo hesitated to ask the country
to make sacrifices, because it knows that the latter
is ready to do so with a good grace for the sake of
securing its independence. But we are happy to
announce our firm hope that the King's Ministry