The Sun.
London, England, 1832-07-31 00:00:00

FRANKFORT ON THE MAIN, JULY 17.

(From the Morning Chronicle.)
I have allowed you a long respite from my speculation.,
and given you ample time for your own reflections on the
subject of the Protocol of the Diet, which my last two
letters in some measure, though imperfectly, anticipated.
One of the most remarkable features in this bad case is the
profound secresy with which the extent of the measure
was concealed, until its publication in broad characters
startled even the Aristocrats of Germany, and struck the
Patriots with grief and consternation. Such were the
effects it produced. Such, in the first instance, must be
the consequence of every despotic measure on men who
shrink with horror from the contemplation of violence,
even for their own redress. You know enough of the
present feeling of this country, and I have dwelt on it
sufficiently to make it needless to say that revolt, bayonet,
and bloodshed are objects of pious abomination to the phi-
lanthropists who take the lead in the liberal politics of
Germany. Their whole ifirnts are directed to restrain the
people--to reject all revolutionizing advances from other
nations, as long as there is the least hope of obtaining Re-
form by their own efforts; and to build the great fabric of
national freedom on a basis, which, to be solid, must, if
they hold it, be founded on reason, and not merely esta-
blished by force. Such they consider the present process
of affairs in England. They find a contrast in those
of France. They respect the first—they shudder at the
latter. It must be some desperate overt act of despotism
that forces Gt-rmany to arms.
I have taken some pains to ascertain the prevalent opi-
nions on the Protocol. Every one seems to think that the
Monarchs have gone too far, because it is in the absolute
necessity of their case that they must go farther. They
cannot stop at threats. They must execute as well as
menace. They dare not suffer their anathema to lie a
dead letter, or be laughed at through Germany, as the
Pope's at Ancona. He who rules by fear must be reso-
lute. It a bad man be not a bold one also, he becomes
despised rather than hated. The despots know this, and
have worked up their courage to the sticking place. Their
legions are ready to march in to the slaughter, for the an-
ticipation of which the petty and pitiful Sovereigns of
Germany have humbly thanked them. Among the rest
(proh, pudor !) the King of Hanover! How does this
Sovereign commune with the King of England on the oc-
casion ? What are the Ministers of the latter saying ?
What is the London Press pointing out ? or is this affair
of confederated atrocity too remote and too little under-
stood to rouse the indignation of the latter, or break the
barrier of etiquette, which interdicts the very mention
of Hanover between the British King and his Cabinet
Councillors?

Of one thing you may be certain. Without the full
assent of France and England, this nefarious mea-
sure had never been attempted. The despots were
one and all beginning to despair, until they found
means to prevail over the scruples of those two
Powers. What their excuses may be, time must tell : for
they are by their mere consent participators in this new
political felony, the worst that has been acted since Poland
was torn in shreds by the Northern Triumvirs. You
may every day look for the sequel of the drama. Rhenish
Bavaria, \Vurtemburg, and Baden are surely to be occu-
pied by Austrian and Prussian troops. A Decree of the
Diet for the suppression of the National Guard of Electoral
Hesse, as well as all civic armed bodies throughout the
Confederation, will soon appear. A dislocation of the
Universities will be the next operation. Then comes the
long-concocting Act for the Slavery of the Press ; and af-
terwards we must look for the various measures of violence
and persecutions, which partial resistance may give pre-
texts for. But, through all this process, let it he borne in
mind that the people of Germany blame England and
France alone for all the evil that is so prodigally prepared
for them. With France, on the present occasion, specu-
lators cannot safely deal ; for, in fact, her situation is most
imperfectly known. In a little more it will be better un-
derstood , and then it may be more safe than now to cri-
ticise or condemn her policy. As to England, Lord Dur-
ham's mission will speak for her, and prudence commands
us to hesitate till its results be made public.

The Marquis of LONDONDERRY, who was
speaking in the House of Lords on Wednesday evening,
the 18th instant, at nine o'clock, arrived at Wynyard
Park, in Durham, distant about 250 miles from London,
at half past eleven o'clock the following night. This very
expeditious joutney was performed in consequence of the
Noble Marquis having engaged to be present at a meeting
of the Chapter of Durham, on Friday morning last, for
the purpose of renewing some old family leases held under
that Reverend Body,--Newcaslle Journal.

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 31, 1832.

His MAJESTY will arrive in town to-morrow,
from Windsor, for the purpose of holding a
Court anti Levee at his Palace at St. James.
Summonses were issued this morning from the
Council Office, convening a Privy Council for
to-morrow, to take place after the Levee.

The news from Portugal which we communi-
cated yesterday seems to derive additional con-
firmation to-day from a source deserving of
respect. The report of a battle fought between
the rival armies was made by the passengers who
arrived by the steam-boat ; and though we have
yet no later arrivals, yet it appears by a commu-
nication received at LLOYD'S from its Fal-
mouth Correspondent, that the Authorities on
shore at Oporto had telegraphed the news of
the battle to the vessels in the roads or off
the harbour, the Commanders of which com-
municated the information to the steam-
boat. This places the fact of a battle having
been fought, and fought successfully by Don
PEDRO, beyond doubt. There is, however,
some confusion in the particulars, which we
must wait for the next arrival to clear up. An
event so important would surely be considered
worthy of a special despatch, and, perhaps, to-
morrow or next day may furnish us with such a
document. The progress of Don PEDRO'S
army along the coast would necessarily require
the attendance of all his steam-boats at a mo-
ment of such critical importance to the final
success of the undertaking, and this may be
some explanation why the official news may not
be received so early as it otherwise would be.

The accounts in the Lisbon Gazettes, up to
the 21st, consist chiefly of orders of the day
addressed by MIGUEL to the people of Por-
tugal and to the soldiers ; together with a rigma-
role report of General SANTA MARTHA, late
Governor of Oporto, detailing the arrival of the
invading army, and his subsequent operations
after leaving Oporto in the possession of Don
PEDRO. These documents possess no interest
whatever, more especially as their authenticity is
very questionable.
Since writing the above, we have been assured
that a letter has been received from Oporto, of
the 24th July, which was put on board the
steamer, City of Edinburgh, lying in the river
Douro, and from that vessel conveyed on board the
Columbia steamer: the following is the substance:
" The battle took place on the 22d and 23d of
July, between ten thousand of Don MIGUEL'S
troops, and seven thousand of Don PED RO'S
army, at Valenga, two leagues from Oporto.
Don PEDRO entirely defeated and put to rout
_ _

the army of Don MIGUEL, and took 2,000 pri-
soners, with his artillery and camp equipage.
PEDRO has been joined by three thousand re-
cruits, and has plenty of ammunition and arms.
Some of MIGUEL'S troops came down from the
south to the River Douro, but were soon dis-
persed by the gun-boats of Don PEDRO."

The Russian Clutch Loan Bill was read a
second time last night in the House of Lords,
and ordered to be committed this day. The
Duke of WELLINGTON, as was to be expected,
took an Anti-Ministerial view of the question,
though he did not see fit to make himself very
explicit as respected the grounds of his opposi-
tion. Lords WYNFORD and ABERDEEN—
incomparable couple !—blundered on the same
side. We say " blundered," for both these

illustrious Senators have such a way of wrapping
up their common-places in enigmatical phraseo-
logy, that no conjuror, short of CEDIPus, can
possibly unravel them. As for Lord WyNFoilD,
the ambiguities of his oratory amount almost to a
miracle. The tritest truism—the plainest fact—
the simplest arguments, become in his hands
riddles worthy of a Sphynx. His logic is a sort
of " Great Unknown" in human intellect. No
one comprehends it ; no one even attempts to
do so. His words flow in torrents, his ideas
trickle in streamlets. He has been so long ac-

customed to talk, that he has had no time to
think ; his opinions consequently are of little
weight in a House, which is not devoid of in-
tellect, whatever other deficiency it may posses,.
After an amendment by Lord RODEN, respect-
ing the introduction of the words of the original
oath to he administered to the Ten-Pound Free-
holders, the Irish Reform Bill was read a third
time and passed.

It appears by the accounts from LLOYD'S
that official notice had been given by the Con-
sul at Lisbon, of the blockade of that port, and
St. Übes by the squadron of the Queen of POR-
TUGAL. This must be wormwood to the Mi-
guelites.

Lord ALTIIORP last night brought forward
the Civil List Charges, for the particulars of
which, for want of room, we must refer to his
Lordship's speech. The chief novelty was
fixing the LORD CHANCELLOR'S salary at
14,0001., 10,0001. for the Chancery, and 4,000/.
for Speaker in the House of Lords,—with are.
tiring pension of 5,0001.

The SPEAKER last night formally announced
his intention of retiring from the Chair of the
House of Commons, at the termination of the
present Session. On this occasion all parties,
even those who had opposed his election in 1817,
vied with each other in their praises of the dili-
gence, suavity, skill, and impartiality with which
he had performed the functions of his office.—
Lord ALTHORP, Mr. GOULBURN, Mr. LIT-
TLETON, Sir C. WETHERELL, and Sir FRAN-
CIS BURDETT, met here on common ground.
Nothing, indeed, can surpass the zeal and rigid
impartiality with which, from the year 1817 up
to the present year 1832, the SPEAKER has dis-
charged the public duties of his office. Though
a MANNERS, and closely connected with the Ultra-
Tory family of RuTLAND, he has never suffered
political predilections to stand between him and
his duty. He has walked straight forward on his
road, looking neither to the right nor the left,
neither frowning on the Whig, nor coquetting with
the Tory. This is high praise, especially when
it is borne in mind, how virulently, since 1817,
party spirit has at times raged in the House of
Commons, infecting the most moderate and
lethargic with its taint, and invading even the
bosom of domestic privacy. It must be a proud,
a cheering reflection for a scion of the House of
MANNERS to be able to say, at this the close of
his high career, that the honest dictates of his
heart prevailed over all the prejudices of habit
and inclination ; and that even when he saw the
last hope of monopoly wrested from the hands
of that party to which he owed his elevation, he
yielded to no infirmity of temper, :evinced no
expression of regret, let slip no little show of
sympathy, but remained firm, unyielding, con-
sistent, and impartial to the last. In the state
of comparative retirement to which he now de-
scends, we wish him health, happiness, and
" eternal sunshine of the spotless mind."

CHOLERA MORBUS, OFFICIAL REPORT,