The Sun.
London, England, 1832-09-18 00:00:00

FRANKFORT, SEPT. 10.

The freedom of Germany has received an-
other blow, administered by the Government of
Baden, which seems now most disposed of all
the petty states to carry into effect the orders of
oppression issued by the Diet. Intelligence has
reached this city, that the University of Freiburg
in Brisgau on Friday last closed for an indefinite
period. This University was a Catholic one,
ar.d the most remarkable for liberality of all in
Germany. Its professors, and in particular
Rotteck, Welcker, and Duttlinger, who are be-
sides members of the Second Chamber of the
Grand Duchy, are known, respected, and be-
loved, for their writings in favour of freedom,
all over Germany. The University is stated to
be closed in order to allow the now slavish
Ministry to expel from among the professors
and students all those whose talents they cannot
subdue to their own principles. This news,
like many others, is most gratiing to the Ger-
mans, who say, " We must bear this, and even
more, before the reaction takes place ; but we
betide our tyrannic rulers when it does."
Numbers are preparing to quit their country
for the American States, and that painful reso-
lution is brought about by the present political
oppression, and by the anticipated horrors of a
bloody revolution. In Rhenish Bavaria asso-
ciations are forming for the purpose, and a depu-
tation is said to be in readiness to start for the
United States, in order to have a communica-
tion with the President and Government of that
country, and to purchase tracts, which are to be
peopled from hence, and to be called " New
Germany." Formerly the exiles were persons
who went to seek fortune's favours; now, from
some districts near the Rhine, 15 persons, who
each possess from 3,0001. to 4,0001., are making
all ready. It is even said that wealth will leave
that district, in the hands of a few families, to
the amount of 100,000/. ; a considerable sum
for Germany, which is to be deserted, because
the people are treated with injustice.
An alarm has been spread here for the per-
sonal security of individuals. A brochure has
been circulated in the Duchy of Nassau, which
treats with great justice, and of course with
,everity, the Government, and also the Minister
Von Marschall. I have not seen the publica-
tion, as it is said, moreover to be an invitation
to revolt. The Ministry, or rather the Mi-
nister, for Von Marschall is all in the Duchy,
as well as agent at the Diet, who is known for
his absolute principles, has laboured much to
obtain a clue not only to the means of circula-
,ion, but of printing and publishing it. A
young man, who had procured a copy of it, has
been arrested in this city, and is about to be
'urrendered to the Nassau Government, in order
to be compelled, by imprisonment, &c. to state
the names of the printers, &c.
The greatest strictness prevails in the Cus-
tom-houses, where all packages and bales of
printed goods are examined, and seized, if sus-
pected even, by. the ignorant custom-house
officers. The Prussian Government is particu-
larly on the alert, for it fears the expression of
public opinion. The parcels belonging to per-
sons coming from Baden towards Frankfort,
are most rigidly searched in Hesse-Darmstadt,
and the mail-coach covering over the luggage on
the top is plumbed, in order to prevent smug-
gling the prohibited publications, as well as
other commodities. It is ridiculous to see the
bullocks coming from Wurtemberg (three days'
journey) for slaughter here, with a piece of lead
dangling about their horns, to indicate that they
have not been smuggled, nor smugglers, on
passing through Hesse. Such is the strange
nature of commerce and of freedom in this
country. Who can wonder at the agitation
which prevails ?
The Austrian Observer has published the
resolutions of the 28th of June, but in a man-
ner which leaves the subjects of that empire as
ignorant of them as before. The Austrian
Observer says that those resolutions have been
sent in circular notes to all the proper enzployes.
They, no doubt, will not make them known.—
The reason of this caution is to prevent the
people of the interior from knowing the illegal
oppression practised on the remaining parts of
Germany. However, the inhabitants of Upper
Austria, of Tyrol, &c., have learned the fact, and
are not otherwise contented. Hence there is a
strong force in that direction. 'When some cor
respondent at Berlin stated, in a letter published
in the Augsburg Gazette, that the Great Powers
were about to make laws for Switzerland, the
Swiss took umbrage ; but Metternich appeased
them a little by telling them that there were in
reality but 7,000 men in the Voralberg, &c.,
whereas it is known, from the best sources, there
are 27,000 in that neighbourhood. Metternich
is anxious to catch the Swiss in his toils ; but
France is supposed to be more on the alert there
than in Germany.
In Berlin great activity prevails in the arrange-
ment of the army (of the Diet), which, it is
supposed, will be soon called into requisition by
some movement of the smaller States ; for it is
evident that the great intriguers are employed in
seeking some occasion to take possession of the
principalities and other independent States. In
order to gull John Bull, and to amuse France,
they have kept up the farce of a Conference in
London, while in Berlin and Vienna they are
carrying on their own schemes. The arrange-
ment of the telegraph from Berlin to Cologne is
continuing with repeated energy : it will be in
full activity in February next.
The newspapers are in general dull, and filled
occasionally with blank lines, to indicate the se-
verity of the censorship. Even the proprietor of
the Allgenzeine Zeitung of Augsburg, the great
bookseller Cotta, seems frightened lest his paper
should be suppressed ; for, as it is rumoured,
new sacrifices are to be made of the few public
journals worth perusal.

NICE DISTINCTION.— Lord BYRON de-
scribes a " Hell" to be a gaming house so called, where
you risk little, and are cheated a good deal ; and a " Club"
as a pleasant purgatory, where you lose more, and are not
supposed to be cheated at all.

- -
A circumstance of an extraordinary kind, says
a contemporary, occurred a few days since on the Hill at
Jersey. In one of the tents where a sick woman was
lying, there was an immense number of flies, the interior
of the top being covered with them. The unfortunate
patient survived hut a short time, an•l the body remained
in the tent. On going to remove it for in'erment, some
few hours afterwards, the ground was found covered
with the flies all dead, and not one was to be seen alive in
the tent.

SUBTILTY AND PRUDENCE.—A poor man
in Paris, being very hungry, stood so long in a cook's shop,
who was dishing up meat, that his stomach was satisfied
with the smell and the effluvia arising from the victuals,
anl the choleric cook demanded cf him to pay for his
breakfast. The poor man refused ; and the controversy
was referred to the deciding of the next man who should
pass by, who chanced to be the most notorious idiot in
the whole city. He, on the relation of the matter, deter-
mined that the poor man's money should be put between
two empty dishes, and the cook should be recompensed by
hearing it gingle, as the poor man was satisfied with the
smell of the cook's meat. This anecdote is affirmed by
credible witnesses as no fakle, but an absolute fact.

,
,
_
nt4".4./3. ~41. AA =tin.

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1832.

The public will be gratified at learning that
the official accounts received by our Government
from Oporto are quite as favourable as those
which were promulgated by the Marquis of PAL-.
MELLA. Oporto is in a perfect state of de-
fence, with three lines of fortifications, and a
determined garrison ; and the city is so well pro-
visioned, that meat is at little more than 2d. per
lb. ; flour cheap and abundant ; and fruit to be
had at prices which are almost nominal. In ad-
dition to this, we are enabled to state, that the
last letters of Sir JOHN CAMPBELL to the party
of an Illustrious Duke, who takes great interest
in Don MIGUEL, are very discouraging to the
partisans of the Usurper. In short, nothing but
treason or cowardice can now prevent the success
of Don PEDRO, and we trust there is no danger
of either.

We understand that some of the merchants
interested in the communication with Oporto,
intend to make a representation to the Duke of
RICHMOND on the subject of the high rate of
charge for passengers by the steam-packets to
that city. Sixteen guineas for the passage from
Falmouth to Oporto in the sailing-packets was
not exorbitant, for those vessels were sometimes
three weeks on the voyage, during which the
passengers were provided with every thing; but
now that the voyage is regularly performed in
four or five days, half the sum charged would be
a liberal rate of payment. On the side of jus-
tice, we think the merchants and others who
have occasion to visit Oporto, have a
right to expect a diminution of half the pre-
sent charge ; but justice is not the only ground
on which an appeal may be made to the Post-
Master-General. There are many Portuguese
patriots anxious to return to their native coun-
try, and to assist in the good cause, who are
unable to pay so large an amount of passage-
money, and on their account, as well as the
broad question of principle, a change is desir-
able. Considering how readily the Duke of
RICHMOND attends to every reasonable sug-
gestion on the matters connected with his depart-
ment, we are inclined to think that having thus

directed the attention of his Grate to the sub-
ject, no formal application will be necessary.

It is with great pleasure that we contradict,
on authority, the report of the death of Lord
JOHN RUSSELL, from cholera. By letters from
Devonshire this morning, it appears that his
Lordship has heel an attack of the prevailing
malady, but that he is recovering. As the ge.
neral health of the Noble Lord has, however,
been for some time past unsatisfactory, it will
probably require several weeks to restore him
from the debility occasioned by attacks of this
character. Perhaps there is no public man in
whose welfare the public feel a more lively in-
terest than Lord JOHN RUSSELL. It would be
lamentable, indeed, to see the author of the
Reform Bill in his tomb before he could witness
the operation of an Act for which the public are
in a great degree indebted to his patriotism and
intrepidity.

By the spirit that animates the Gateshead
and Tower Hamlets Reform dinners—reports
of both of which will be found in another part
of The Sun—as well as by the energy and
quickwittedness that have made themselves ma-
nifest in the numerous Reform celebrations that
have taken place in different parts of the country,
north, south, east, and west, within the last
few weeks, it will be seen that Reform works in
a proper spirit ; that its energies are directed into a
proper channel ; that it is neither torpid, nor
asleep, nor stationary, but every where making
sure head against the frauds and the intrigues,
and the menaces and the coaxings of the false
and plotting Tories. These men, we know—
and we proclaim the fact to the people by way of
timely warning—think that so far from the game
being « up," as Lord LYNDHURST and the Earl
of CARNARVON, the one with affected despair,
and the other with affected gentleness and humi-
lity, while his face grew livid with passion, as-
serted, in the House of Peers, that it was ;—the
Tories, we repeat, are so far from thinking that
the game is up with them, that they actually
imagine it is still in their own hands. They are
led to this conclusion by what they conceive
to be the universal lethargy and indifference that
the people exhibit, as regards their right of voting,
and their choice of candidates for the ensuing
elections. But, here, the Tories, as they
usually do, grossly deceive themselves. It is not
the nature of John Bull to make a boast or a
noise of what he is doing, or of what he intends
to do ; but to make a quiet, unostentatious use
of his strength; to work in silence, but with me-
thod, and deliberation, and perseverance. It is in
this spirit that he is now at work with Reform.
His energies just now run in a sort of subter-
ranean current ; but this current is, nevertheless,
deep, broad, rapid, and making decisive way.
Throughout the county of Durham the progress
of Reform is most satisfactory. There, the
church party, though backed by all the influence
arising from enormous wealth and desperate
pertinacity, are clearly losing ground, while the
Reformers are rapidly gaining it. We state this
on the authority of the majority of the speakers
at the Gateshead festival.

At this meeting justice was done, but not
more than he merits, to the extraordinary exer-
tions displayed by Lord DURHAM through-
out the late vehement struggle for Reform.
" I can assure you," said his brother Mr.
LAMBTON, " it is one of my brother's most
pleasurable recollections, at this moment, that
by his advocacy of the Reform Bill—by his
having taken the principal part in the framing of
this Bill, which has given to the country a
Magna Charta which will permanently esta-
blish its interests and prosperity, he has greatly
mainly contributed to give to the county of
Durham that share in the representation, which,
by its large possession of the elements of re-
presentation, it was justly entitled to.—(Cheers.)
And, perhaps, at this very moment, while far
distant from his native country, he is deriving
pleasure from the reflection, that in it his
name is not mentioned without some slight de-
gree of respect, affection, and gratitude.—
(Cheers.) If any proof were wanting that my
brother was an active, determined, and unyield-
ing framer of the Reform Bill, I have it in one
fact—the intense hatred the Tory Boroughinon-
gers bear him. Now, that intense hatred
makes me most unspeakably proud of my bro-
ther ; for it proves, beyond the possibility of
doubt, that he deserves his country's praise and
his native country's love.—(Renewed cheers.)
That hatred he treats with the most ineffable
scorn,---the most unspeakable and sovereign con-
tempt. He has marked out for himself a great
path, which I know he will continue, the path
which should be that of every British patriot
statesman."

We should be glad to see Lord DURHAM at
the head of the Foreign Department. He pro-
sesses, in an eminent degree, those two valuable
qualities, energy and decision ; and when fixed
in that high, responsible office, might plead the
cause of humanity with NICHOLAS far more
efficiently than he is likely to do as at present
situated. But to the subject more immediately
before US. Mr. CUTHBERT RIPPON, it seeres,
is sure, or all but sure, of his election for
Gateshead. This is cheering news. A more
intrepid, conscientious Reformer than this
gentleman, never yet entered St. Stephen's.

The following are extracts from German
Papers received this morning
Faam THE MAINE, SEPT. 6.—The German Diet has
under consideration a general law on literary piracy (i. e.
the printing of pirated editions), which is likely to be car-
ried into effect earlier than was expected, as Austria has
assented to it for its German States. This is an impor-
tant step towards a closer re-union of the States of Ger-
many, and we hope that it will be the harbinger of other
arrangements for the interest of our common country. The
book trade will gain new life by it, and authors fresh mi-
rage and motives to exert themselves. The law relative
to the Press will, it is said, be determined on sooner than
we have hitherto had reason to hope; the commercial
affairs of Germany are likewise under serious consideration,
and the proposal of Hanover meets with 0.1-eat support, so
that a favourable arrangement on this subject may also be
hoped for.
The German Universal Gazelle, published in Stut-
gard, and theVolkspeand (Friend of the People) pub-
lished at Hildburgliausen, and edited by the ingenious
Meyer, are to be suppressed. It seems, therefore, that the
Censorship is not a sufficient guarantee, since papers
subjected to it (the two in question showed frequent marks

of lbs ravages) are suppressed. In the Duchy of Nas-
sau, an invitation to the people not to pay taxes is propa-
gated. The Government of Nassau has caused very strict
investigation to be made, and we hear that it has found a
clue to discover the persons who spread the invitation, and
several arrests have taken place.—Nuremberg Corres-
pondent, Sept. 10.
BERLIN, SEPT. 2.—The tranquillity which now every-
where prevails, and has silenced the fears of a general war,
that were entertained in the spring, affords a welcome
proof of how much may be done by judicious policy and
able diplomacy. It is owing to these alone that Europe is
not in flames, and that civilization is not a prey to anarchy.
The much-abused Conference of London has attained its
object; it has found means to reconcile, in an amicable
manner, the most conflicting interests and diverging poli-
t;cal tendencies, and has averted from the European States
dangers in which they must have been plunged but for the
prudence of the Members of the Conference, and that
of the Cabinets. We cannot, therefore, sufficiently
thank the Conference for adopting, and steadily
pursuing, a system which will give general secu-
rity, and defeat the exertions of the parties that wish
for war. But the work would be only half done if it did
not pursue its labours and secure the still precarious state
of Europe against contingencies that might suddenly oc-
cur, and in spite of all that has yet been done might again
kindle into a flame the passions that have been scarcely
allayed. With this view it is affirmed, that the Cabinets
are resolved to co-operate with each other that the predo-
minant political system may not only be consolidated but
extended, which would lead to the revival of the monar-
chical, and the slow, but certain, extinction of the revolu-
tionary principle which constantly degenerates into anar-
chy. If all the Governments can unite to solve this pro-
blem—if they succeed in effecting a sincere and decided
agreement, there is no doubt that the excitement which
indisputably exists in many countries, but has been pro.
duced not by real grievances, but by the too long unpun-
ished influence of domestic and foreign agitators, will
be at length suppressed, and the revolutionary spirit
which keeps Europe under arms be quel led. One of the
most distinguished dipl►matists of a northern power is
said to be commissioned to open a way to arrangements
on this head, by which those powers which unite together
(or the continuance of the monarchical principle would
enter into mutual engagements in case any opposing in-
fluence should interfere with the views of the cabinets so
united.

VIENNA, SEPT. 7.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 87 4-5 ;
Bank Shares, 1140 2-5. —AllgemeineZeitung, Sept. 12.

LONDON SESSIONS.-(THIS DAY.)

These &slim's were resumed to day, pursuant to ad-
journment, before the Racoaniza, and Aldermen BROWN,
AINSLIE, THORPE, and WILSON.

William Budder, a decrepid old man, apparently not
less than SO years of age, was indicted for assaulting
John Courdale Kinclee, with intent, &c. &c.
The prisoner pleaded Guilty.
The COMMON•SERJEANT said, that he appeared for the
prosecution, and desired it to be understood by the pri-
soner that his pleading Guilty offered no inducement to
him to pray the Court for a mitigation of his punishment.
The RECORDER thought the prisoner had better retract
his plea, as it would not entitle him to the least indulgence
from the Court, who would visit him with the same pu-
nishment, as if he had been found guilty by a Jury of hie
country. _ .

The prisoner would not recal his plea.
The RECORDER-You had better reconsider your plea,
prisoner. The crime with which you are charged is a
disgrace to human nature, and the utmost punishment it
can award will await you.
Prisoner—l con►ider myself guilty, my Lord, and know
that I deserve all the punishment the Court can inflict.
The COMMON SERJEANT observed that the prisoner had
been guilty of the same offence previously, and had been
put its the pillory.
The REcoanEa sentenced him to two years' imprison-
ment in Giltspur-street Compter. _ _

Thomas Brown was indicted for assaulting Joseph
Weymouth and Richard Hatton, two privates in the
Guards, on the sth of September, aad calling them two
- lobsters.

The Jury found the prisoner Guilty, and the Court
sentenced him to six weeks' imprisonment in Giltapur.
street Compter.
James Hart was indicted, for the fifth time, with as-
saulting his wife, Mary Hart, and beating her in the most
dreadful manner. From the statement of the wife it ap-
peared that she had bad thirteen children by Hart, who
was a most brutal, drunken, and idle fellow, and had not
for the last five years contributed one shilling to the sup-
port of his wife or children. Witnesses clearly proved the
assault.

The prisoner said that it was his wife that ill-treated
him ; that she was quite a favourite with the parish-offi-
cers, and thought, therefore, that she had a right to ill-use
him.

The wife said that she had never received any relief
from the parish, bad kept her children by her own in-
du►try, and only wished to get rid of the annoyance from
her husband.

The Jury found the prisoner Guilty, and
The RECORDER sentenced him to one years' imprison-
ment in Giltspur-street Compter, to enter into his own
security to the amount of 101. not to break the peace
against his wife again, and to be imprisoned till security
to that amount be gives.
William Wilson was indicted for assaulting Henry
Wood, in St. Paul's Church-yard, with intent, &c. &c.
The case was clearly proved against the prisoner, whose
only defence was drunkenness, which was contradicted by
the prosecutor and a watchman.
The prisoner, it was stated, had given a fictitious name
in order to avoid disgracing his friends, who are highly
respectable.
The Jury found him Guilty, and the Court sentenced
him to two years imprisonment in the Giltspur-street
Compter.
The COURT then discharged the Jury, and proceeded
with parish appeals. Nothing of any public importance
came before the Court previous to our Reporter leaving.