The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-06 00:00:00

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~ `_ ~~~~~

LONDON, SATURDA}, OCTOBER 6, 1866.

_ The arrival of the China brings us news from
New York up to Sept. 25. We have no further
news respecting the
.elections, but the PRESIDENT'S
difficulties are evidently not diminished. If we are
to believe the New York Herald, Mr. STANTON
and General GRANT have been urging Mr. JOHN-
SON to recommend the Southern States to accept
the Congressional Constitutional Amendment as
the only hope of procuring their representation and
'of saving himself from impeachment. That Mr.
STANTON should do this is credible enough, the
only wonder being that the PRESIDENT should have
retained him so long in the Cabinet, and he would
s
probably have long since dispensed with hi services
had his political position been more independent.
That General GRANT should advise such a course
is, however, more difficult to believe, seeing that he
has stood staunchly by the PRESIDENT, and has
upheld his conciliatory policy with all his influence
and authority. The adherence of the army and the
coalition of its most popular leaders has been one
of Mr. JOHNSON'S strongest supports, and has fur-
nished an unanswerable reply to the vehement de-
nunciations cf those " carpet knights" whose only
idea of fighting the South has been to divide the
spoils after LEE and BEMIRE:GARD were subdued.
Generals GRANT and SHERMAN, and those who
faced with them the dangers and hardships and
anxieties of those momentous campaigns, have a
better right to decide upon the characteristics and
claims of Southern people than those who, having
lived at home at ease during the war, are now pre-
pared to vindicate their patriotism and their courage
by tyrannising oYera conquered people, and despoil-
,l

ing a peaceful country. They are prepared to
sacrifice the very objects for which blood and
treasure were so freely spent, and to assert
their political sagacity and fidelity by outraging the
fundamental principles of the constitution. They
can hardly seriously believe that the South will ever
agree to their Congressional amendment, which
would compel them to surrender those State rights,
so dear to every American, upon which the old poli-
tical superstructure is built up. It would be as likely
that Englishmen all through the country would
relinquish their cherished rights of local self-govern-
ment, abandoning all rule and authority into the
hands of a central power. But Englishmen in such
{ a case would at least know that whatever the dangers
I of the future, at least the direction of affairs was in
the hands of countrymen, whose interests and sen-
timents were identical with their own, but the
Southerner under similar circumstances would know
that he was resigning himself into the hands of
I avowed and unscrupulous enemies. The form of
representation might be indeed allowed him, but
that would be utterly valueless, as the negroes
would have an equal suffrage with the whites, and
in their present unsettled, excitable, and unedu-
cated condition their votes would be easily com-
manded by those who could most readily inflame
their imaginations, or gratify their wish to
live at other people's expense rather than by their
own labour. The men who have fought under
LEE, who have carried on a war of gigantic dimen-
sions during four eventful years, who have sup-
ported a constitutional form of government, which,
in spite of all .obstacles, worked as well as the
old regime are not likely to commit. such
.an act of
rational suicide as to subscribe to the Radical
formula. Mr. JOHNSON is happily .net the
man to demand it from them. lie would
no doubt prefer the loss of his present
dignity and influence to the abandonment of that
wise and conciliatory policy upon which he prides
himself. In the one case he would retain an
honourable name, while in the other be would forfeit
his political influence and character without gaining
any corresponding advantage. It is said that Mr.
JOHNSON, when urged by his colleagues to take the
course recommended, replied that he could neither
be influenced nor intimidated by personal con-
siderations. lie believed his policy to be sound,
but should cease contending for it if he be-
came satisfied that the interests of the country
demanded that he should do so. We may accept
the whole of this intelligence with reserve, seeing
the channel through which it comes, but it is quite
certain that Mr. JOHNSON bas enough to contend
against. Nothing but firmness and disinterested-
ness will carry him through the struggle. If he
yields to the advocates of expediency, or listens to
the cajolleries of doubtful allies, or the threats of
poltical antagonists, he is lost, andethe hopes of
America are lost with him, because it is simply im-
possible that the Northern States should rule the
South like a conquered country. In spite of the
immense preponderance of wealth, of population,
of all the materials for war and for Government on
the side of the Northern States, no one who looks
at the map of America and contemplates the vast ex-
tent of territory which stretches from Virginia to
Texas, from Florida to Tennessee, can for a moment
suppose it could be held as the Russians hold Po-
land, as the Austrians held Venetia and Lombardy.
The task would be stupendous for a despotic
country, with all the appliances of au armed
despotism. It would be immeasurably beyond
the powers of any free and constitutionally
governed country, such as America, which, with all
her political vagaries, still claims to be. It is a
momentous question which the people of the States
have to settle, and the interests of civilisation,
which, as Lord STANLEY justly said, are so closely
affected by the destinies of England and America,
will be influenced by their decision. In this coun-
try we are watching the crisis with the deepest in-
terest, not unmixed with anxiety, since, in the
passion and excitement of the moment, we are some-
times apprehensive that our kinsfolk may lose sight
of the vital interests involved. The issue is not a mere
question of policy such as the difference between
our Whigs and Tories ; it is not between the con-
flicting claims of individual statesmen or even par-
ties ; it is not whether ANDREW JOHNSON or THAD-
DEUS STEVENS shall rule at the White House. It
is between peaca and war, between an organised
Government and a revolutionary chaos ; between a
great, free, and prosperous nation and a dismem-
bered body of States whose territorial extent will
be only a source of weakness, whose national strength
only gives vigour to their discord.• .The interests,
like the sympathies, of England are all in favour of
the peace and prosperity of the United States ; but
if they are to remain united, much more if they are
to be free, powerful, and contented, it must be by
upholding the doctrines of WASIIINGTON and JEF-
FERSON, not by following the self-seeking theories
of THADDEUS STEVENS and WENDELL PHILLIPS.

A meeting of the committee of the EYRE Defence
and Aid Fund was held on Wednesday last at
Waterloo-place, and it is satisfactory to find that
from all the accounts received and the statements
made the undertaking seems to be prospering as
much as its best friends could wish. A letter was
read from Sir RODERICK Muncinsox, in which he
regetted his inability to attend, and sent his sub-
scription ; adding also that he hoped the fund would
increase so much that they might hand over to the
distinguished ex-Governor " a testimonial worthy
of the man who saved a great British colony."
It was resolved that the Earl of SHREWSBURY should
be requested to accept the position of president,
and that Sir B. MURCHISON and THOMAS CARLYLE
should be asked to act as vice-presidents. Mr.
CARLYLE, being present, at once acceded to the re-
quest. An interesting statement was made by Mr.
H. IlumE, the honorary secretary, concerning the
various steps which had been taken, and the suc-
cess which the committee had met with since the
last meeting. The Secretary has been most assi-
duous in his efforts to promote the object in view
and to extend the work in all directions. The
appeal he made to the many provincial papers has
been very successful in various quarters, and such
committees are forming, or already formed, at
several places. Already some important and in-
fluential places
have been cited, and many others
d to the list. The Working
are repeated, to be added
Men's Association at Bradford have forwarded an
addreis to Mr. EYRE, and that of Leeds intend to
follow their example. In every possible way Mr.
•
llumE has endeavoured to ascertain the state of
public feeling throughout the country, and we
hope by their next meeting that he will be
able to put before the committee a satisfactory
response to the appeals he has made. A letter
was received from the Bishop of Jamaica, in
reply to an application made to him to give
the committee information, and some interesting
passages were read. The most important was that '
in which the writer declared that he " firmly be-
lieved that the speedy suppression of the murderous
insurrection in Jamaica was attributable, under
GOD'S providence, to the promptitude, courage, and
judgment with which Mr. EYRE acted under cir-
cumstances of peculiar difficulty and danger." This
is indeed an exposition of the feeling generally felt
throughout the Wand by all who were WitilMilt Of

the disastrous occurrences that took place ; but
it is so far satisfactory, after the lapse of so
much time, to find that the opinion of so eminent
a man remains unchanged. Further on the Bishop
stated that he should rejoice to find that no neces-
sity existed for the further defence of Mr. EYRE'S
conduct, to employ the funds of the committee, and
that, therefore, some compensation would be pro-
vided for the " loss unhappily entailed on Mr EYRE
by his disconnection from the public service, in
which he had been so long and honourably em-
ployed." Some influential names were added to the
committee before the meeting terminated, and in
some respect it may be considered
,the most encou-
raging that has been held. It should be borne in
-mind by those who, perhaps, hesitate to join
on the chance of the Jamaica Committee not car-
rying their threat of prosecution, that in any case
the ex-Governor of Jamaica has suffered great
losses and been exposed to great annoyance, while
he had the highest claims on the consideration of
the Government for the distinguished services he
rendered to the Crown and to the country. lie has
earned a title to the gratitude of the public in pre-
serving a great British colony from destruction
and saving the lives of the inhabitants; and we trust
that he will not find that public unmindful-of his
claims or indifferent to his wrongs. We may
fairly consider that the exertions of the Committee
have so far inaugurated the undertaking that it has
now every prospect of success, and we may there-
fore indulge the hope that it will go on and pros-
per, even beyond the best anticipations ever formed.
But we have a deeper interest in the success of this
work than the mere fact of its being of service to Mr.
EYRE individually, much as we value his services and
deplore the treatment he has met with. There is more
at stake in its success than gain or loss to any indivi-
dual, however deserving or unfortunate he may be.
The credit of the country for justice and fair play
has been traduced by those who have arrogated to
themselves the right of pre-judging the matter ;
and some of our leading politicians, who should
have known better, have contrived to confuse things
to so great a degree that they have made a party
question of a matter that has nothing to do with
politics. For many reasons, then, we may consider
it most important that the EYRE Defence and Aid
Fund should be vigorously supported, and that all
who value justice and scorn oppression shOuld lend
their support and influence to it. The many names
of note which already are inscribed on the commit-
tee are hosts in themselves, and may well assure Mr.
EYRE that the genius and spirit of the country are
with him, and that those who swell the ranks of his
prejudiced opponents are more to be pitied than
blamed, for they have been misled by those whose
opinions they rely on, without having recourse to
their own judgment, or trusting to the inspiration
of their better feelings.

The Austro-Italian Treaty of Peace is sure to
attract a great deal of interest, and its details will
be more eagerly studied than those of the Austro-
Prussian Treaty. So far as we can judge as yet the
conditions seem all that can be desired. The mu-
tual exchange of all prisoners of war is the first one
mentioned, and then comes the cession of Venetia
by Austria, and the frontiers given up are to be
those which constituted the administratiie frontiers
of Venetia under the Austrian dominion. The
Venetians residing in Austria are to have the
right of preserving Austrian nationality. All
objects of art, and the -archives belonging
to Venetia, will be restored the iron Crown
of Lombardy is also to be restored to Italy. For
one year the treaties which formerly existed between
Austria and Sardinia will be in force, but new ar-
rangements are to be made. Anotherprovision of the
treaty stipulates for the restoration of the private
property of the ex-Italian princes, which has been
sequestered by the Italian Government, with the re-
servation of one-third for the rights of the State.
This is a very satisfactory part of the treaty, and
we hope that by this means justice will be done to
many who have long suffered from the withholding
of their rights. The Prince of c4oNzAGA-MANTuA
is one of the number, and we hope that
he will be among those whom this comprehensive
change will benefit. Another very desirable thing
is the complete amnesty which has been agreed
upon to be accorded by both Austria and Italy to
all persons condemned for political offeßces, to
deserters from either army, and to persons compro-
mised by their political conduct. This is an excel-
lent provision, and one that goes far to redeem its
character and convert it from a form or ceremony ,
into one of mediation of national benefit
to both countries concerned in the matter.
In many respects, indeed, this Austro-Italian
Convention appears to recommend itself to us, and
there is apart from this the satisfactory reflection
that Italy is at last free, and thus a great feat has
been accomplished that many never expected to livo
to see. It will now remain for the Italians to show
themselves worthy of their good fortune, and desi-
rous of consolidating those advantages which the
chances and changes of time have brought. to them.
To do this they must show moderation and exer-
cise, more care and caution than they have been in
the habit of exhibiting for some years past.