The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-05 00:00:00

THIS DAY'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, Oct. s.—Wind this day at noon, N.W. ;
moderate breeze and cloudy.
PORTSMOUTH, Oct. 4.—Wind E.S. E .—Sailed—Fore -
runner, for Madras.
DUNDEE, Oct. 4.—Wind S.E.—Sailed—Danube, for
Algoa Bay.
FALMOUTH, Oct. s.—Arrived—Antonia Maria, from
Newcastle, for Leghorn—leaky and with part of cargo
thrown overboard.
PILL, Oct. 4.—Wind W.—Sailed—E. C. Scranton, for
New York.
OFF PLYMOUTH, Oct. s.—Arrived--Newton, from
Sierra Leone.

PLYMOUTH, Oct. 4.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—H.M.
corvette Bahiana.
OFF DOVER, Oct. I.—Arrived—Maria Elizabeth, from
Batavia.
OFF HURST CASTLE, Oct. s.—Arrived —Tyne, steamer,
from Brazils.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning.

Wind N.
Arrived—Branch, from Swansea ; Comet, from Sunder-
land; Lady Eglinton, steamer, from Dublin; Alliance,
steamer, from Havre.
Sailed—Victory, for Jersey ; Hullah, for Waterford ;
Ceylon, steamer, for Alexandria; Bremen, and Hammonia,
steamers, for New York ; Lady Eglinton, steamer, for
London ; Jane, for Swansea.

LivEurooL, Wednesday Morning.

Wind S.W.

Arrived, Oct. 4—Ranee, from Calcutta; Peter Marcy,
from New Orleans ; Helena, from Smyrna ; City of Nantes
screw steamer, from Nantes; Phalanx, from Antwerp.
Arrived, Oct. s—Mary Ann Folliat, and Black Eagle,
from Bombay. Tam o'Shanter, for Bahia, put back leaky.

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Wednesday Morning.
Wind W.; tide, 3 hour's ebb ; weather fine.
Arrived, Oct. 4—Secret, from Antwerp; Nepaul, from
Marseilles.

Arrived, Oct. s—Trevemiea, from St. Petersburg ; Anna,
from Archangel.
Sailed, Oct. s—Boltivar, for Aspinwall; General Stricker,
for Rio Janeiro.

DEAL, Wednesday Morning.

Calm.
Anchored—lmogen, from Landon, for St. Helena.

The last Australian papers give a full account of
the progress of New Zealand from a census just taken.
Its totals appear insignificant, yet, compared with those of
1851, when the previous census was completed, they show
an extraordinary rate of advance, which, in one or two
generations, will, like the figures in compound interest, ex-
cite astonishment. The entire European population is only
61,199, or:less than the number recently grouped on one day
in the Crystal Palace. Nevertheless, this shows an in-
crease of more than a hundred per cent, in seven years, and
it is remarkable that one-half of the nutnber are what are
legally termed "infants"—namely, below 21 years of age. Of
the various provinces Auckland is the most populous, and
Wellington the next, the respective numbers being 18,177 and
11,728. Then come Nelson, 9,272 ; Canterbury, 8,967 ;
Otago, 6,944; and Hawkes Bay, 1,514. The disproportion be-
tween the numbers of males and females is great, but still
not so serious as is sometimes the case in colonies, and it
refers, moreover, chiefly to the original settlers, the young
population being more equal. The males amount to 35,043,
and the females to 26,156. The live stock in the colony in-
cludes 1,523,324 sheep, 137,204 cattle, 40,734 pigs 14,912
horses, and 11,797 goats, and is about five or mix times as
great as in 1851. The quantity of land in use has ab gut
quadrupled. In 1851 there were only 30,470 acres fenced
in, or a little more than one acre per head of the population.
Now the total is 235,541, or at the rate of about four acres.
Owing to the scattered nature of the settlements, the intro-
duction of land or coast lines of telegraph appears an urgent
want. This, however, has not yet been begun. With re-
gard to locomotion, the facilities for steamers between the
principal points will probably for a long time obviate much
of the necessity for.expenditure in railways or other roads.

THAMES.
THE RELIGIOUS DISSENSION'S IN ST. GEORGE'S-IN-
THE-EAST.-31r. Robert Rosier, a clothier, in St. George-
street, better known as Ratcliffe Highway, appeared before
Mr. Yardley, on his recognisances, to answer a charge of
being disorderly, and inciting a mob to commit a breach of
the peace in Wellclose-square, opposite the Rev. Bryan
King's mission church, on the evening of Sunday the 25th
ultimo.
The defendant in this case prosecuted Captain Savage
Hall, of Carlisle-street, Soho, a few weeks since for assault-
ing him in the parish church of St. George's-in-the-East
after the termination of one of the rector's tractarian ser-
vices. That prosecution was instituted by the churchwar-
dens, and Mr. Howell, the vestry clerk of St. George's,
instructed Mr. Sleigh, the barrister, to support it. In the
discussion that ensued upon the case it turned out that
Captain Hall was a private friend of the rector's, and it
was urged on his behalf that he only struck out with his
umbrella to save the officiating clergyman and choristers
from being injured by a disorderly mob in the church.
Mr. Yardley advised an apology which had been ten-
dered, but not accepted at the station-house on the even-
ing of the disturbance.

Mr. Joseph Smith, on the part of Captain Hall, tendered
rather an equivocal apology, and there it is believed the
matter would have ended, but Captain Hall afterwards
wrote a letter to the editor of a morning paper, denying
that he had apologised or meant to make an apology. The
present charge against Mr. Rosier arose out of the disturb-
ance which occurred opposite the roctor's mission church of
St. Saviour and St. Cross after the termination of divine
service on the evening of the 25th ult.

A police sergeLnt, named Barnes, 1011, swore Mr. Rosier
was in the midst of a disorderly mob, hissing the Puseyite
clergyman and choristers on their way from the church to
the mission-house.
Mr. Yardley was disposed to treat the mob as an unlaw-
ful assemblage collected for an illegal purpose, in which
every one was liable to be indicted and put on his trial
whether committing any overt act or not; and eventually
said it would depend very much on the state of the parish
on the forthcoming Sunday as to the course he should take
in this case.

Since the first hearing Mr. Rosier has addressed a
letter to contemporary journals denying all participation in
the disturbances in Wellclose-square, and imputing the
prosecution to a conspiracy on the part of the Puseyites,
who were determined to be revenged because he had prose-
cuted a leader of the rector's party for assaulting him in St.
George's Church.

While Mr. Yardley was disposing of the night charges, the
court rapidly filled with people interested in the religious
discussions of St. George's-in-the-East. After the last
night charge was disposed of, Mr. Rosier surrendered at
one o'clock.

Mr. Joseph Smith appeared for the prosecution.
Mr. Charles Young said he appeared for the defence, and
that he was not acquainted with the evidence given on a
former occasion.

Mr. Yardley—Are things more quiet in the parish of St.
George's?

Mr. Young—They are, sir.
Mr. Smith was glad to say that people were settling down
into quietude in St. George's.
Mr. Yardley—Will it be necessary to pursue this case ?
Mr. Smith—l will leave it to you, sir.
Mr. Yardley—l would rather it would be at your sug-
gestion.

Mr. Smith—There is a case of spitting at a curate in the
course of this disturbance.

Mr. Yardley—The great object is to restore peace and
quietude. We must do all we can in those cases to bring
people to reason on one side and on the other. He hoped
people knew the danger of going into crowds.

Mr. Smith said his client would acquiesce in the sugges-
tion to withdraw the charge on Mr. Rosier consenting to be
bound over to keep the peace.
Mr. Yardley—A pure and simple withdrawal would be
much better.

After some discussion this was agreed upon, and
Mr. Yardley said that if there was any more riot-
ing he should commit the offenders for trial if they
were brought before him. He alluded to the Gor-
don riots of 1780, and said those times must not
be revived in 1859, and that mob law must be put
down and could not be tolerated in this country. He hoped
this would be the last case of the kind he should hear of.
Mr. Rosier was then discharged.

NEW LIGHTHOUSE. —A new lighthouse is in
course of erection near the India Arms, in Northfleet
Hope, by the conservators of the Thames for the purpose
of assisting the passage of the river at night.
DIPHTH.ERIA.Thisfordmi s. e aAs e
familyha s
Canterbury in a virulent ofapchpieldarreendhavine
been swept away within the last few days, one child dying
on Friday, one on Saturday, and the third on Sunday
morning.
THE PEIHO.—The Itioniteur de la Flotte gives
the following details relative to the branches of the Peiho :
The province of the Pe-tchi-li, situated on the exten-
sive bay of that name, to the south of the great wall, has
been increased during the last few years by a portion of
Mandchourie. Itslength is now about 500 kilo. (iths of a mile
each), and its breadth 350. The name it bears may be
translated by the words Province of the Northern Court.'
It is divided into 11 departments, subdivided into arrondis-
sements and districts. The roads, the fortifications and
the defences in this province are kept in good condition,
which is explained by the fact that it contains Pekin,
the capital of the empire. The province is traversed by
a large navigable river, the now celebrated Peiho.
This river rises in the Khingtan mountains, crosses Mon-
golia, enters the province of Pe-tchi-li, where it divides
itself into branches, which fall into the gulf above-named
at about 80 kilometres one from the other. The principal
branch is the Peiho ; the other arm is little known, and
only stands in the charts of the Chinese pilots. The
Peiho passes within twenty-four kilometres of Pekin,
and at the part of it nearest to the capital is built the
fort Toung. From that fort to the town of Tien-Sing, a
distance of 36 kilometres, the communication is by a canal
having only a depth of about five Let. Long flat-bot-
tomed junks are used on it, which are drawn by oxen along
a towing path, similar to to the mode adopted in Europe.
From Tien-Sing to the mouth of the river the Pei-
ho becomes deeper, and it may be remembered
that at the time of the expedition under the com-
mand of Admiral Rigault de Genouilly, first class gun-
boats were able to ascend as far as that town, but cor-
vettes and even steam advice boats were compelled to remain
outside the point of Taku, in the Bay of Pe-tchi li. The other
arm, called Ki-Tcheou-yun-he, is situated more to the north.
Corvettes and steam advice boats can ascend it as far
as the town of Nin-ho-fou, but after that place the
river becomes wider, but shallower, and can only be
b navio-ated on a kind of raft. This route for arriving at the
capital is less direct and more difficult than by Tien-Sing
on the Peiho branch, but the latter is considered by the
Court of Pekin as a strategical road, which is interdicted
to foreigners."

The statements relative tothe closing of the Kew
pleasure-grounds on the last day of September have
been construed into a closing of the entire establish-
ment, which has never been contemplated. The
Botanic Garden constitutes one portion of the royal
grounds of Kew. It comprises 75 acres, includes
all the plant-houses, and is separated by a light wire
fence from the pleasure-ground. It is accessible
to the public every day (Good Friday alone excepted)
from 1 o'clock (2 o'clock on Sundays) till sunset
throughout the year. " The pleasure-grounds,"
writes Sir W. J. Hooker, the director," is an adjacent
part of the demesn e—a richly• wooded park, bordered
on one side by the Thames, consisting of nearly
250 acres, and now, by recent planting, constituting
a noble arboretum of all trees and shrubs that will
bear our favoured climate, and intersected with exten-
sive and well-kept walks. A lake of five acres with
islands, is forming, and a new conservatory, or win-
ter garden of uprecedented size, for tender trees
and shrubs (rhododendrons, camelias, &c.) is sanc-
tioned and provided for by the crown. This build-
ing will be erected by Mr. Decimus Burton, the
architect of the palm-house, and is to be commenced
forthwith. This fine piece of ground, possessing
no particular attraction in winter, nor much shelter
in bad weather, has not hitherto warranted the cost
of gate-keepers, &c., necessary for the admission of
visitors at that season. The expressed wish of the
public has, however, been considered by the First
Commissioner of Works, and I am instructed by
that gentleman to keep open the pleasure grounds
during the present month of October. There are
three entrances to the pleasure grounds from
the public road :—first by the Brentford gate ;
second and third by the Lion and Unicorn gates
on the Richmond road. The entrance to the
Botanic Garden is open daily, and during the period
when the public have access to the pleasure grounds
there are communications by four gates between
these grounds and the Botanic Garden. In addi-
tion to the autumnal beauty displayed by the foliage
of such a vast variety of shrubs and trees as are to
be found in Kew Gardens, very many attractive
plants are now in flower; the principal of which
are a noble specimen of the cocoa coronatt or Bra-
zilian palm, now producing its blossoms in the
house of palms. Near house No. 7is a fine tuft of
pampas grass, from the lower slopes of the Andes,
now also producing its beautiful flowers, which are
from nine to eleven feet in height. The Victoria-
house or tropical aquarium demands the special
attention of visitors, everything in it being at the
climax of its beauty; the sides and roof of this
lovely little temple of Flora are festooned and
garlanded with leaves, flowers and fruits of gor-
geous exotic beauty. Another aloe is about to
flower ; it is appropriately placed in the great palm
stove or conservatory.

THE AURORA BOREALIS.

M. Fournet has addressed a paper to the Aca-
' demy of Sciences on the aurora borealis which ex-
cited such general attention about a month ago.
His object is to compare the phenomena which ac-
companied it in different parts of Europe, on or about
the 29th of August last, with those which were re-
marked daring the fine aurora of November 17,
1848. In the former case its influence would seem
to have been felt several days before its
apparition. Thus, on the 24th, a violent
storm broke over Gratz, in Styria. On the
following night Port Louis, in the depart-
ment of Morbihan, was visited by westerly
winds, with thunder ; while squalls were general on
the French Atlantic coast. On the 25th, strong
winds from the S. and S.W. prevailed at Lyons,
carrying with them the heavy clouds which were
to close the hot season by their rains. Storms
ravaged the Pyrenean regions of Miranda, Tarbes,
Mont-de-Marsan, and Auch on the 26th. On the
same day a water-spout from the S.W. spread de-
vastation around St. Andre (Eure). On the 27th
the wind had subsided, but the rain fell in torrents
at Lyons, and there was stormy weather at
Bayonne, with lightning. On the 28th M.
Fournet, being at Montrotier, near Lyons, was
unable to take the bearings of certain peaks
in the neighbourhood with his pocket compass,
and in the evening the sky was charged with
electricity. During the night there was a terrible
hurricane at London, the lightning having
the violet hue which characterised the north and
north-west border of the aurora. Storms con-
tinued to rage on that and the following day in
the region of the Pyrenees, at Luz and St. Sauveur.
On the 29th there were sudden showers with long
flashes of lightning near Lyons; there was a furious
storm at Avigncn ; the first snows appeared on the
Alps of the Grisons, and there was incessant light-
ning at Algiers. On the 30th it rained at Lyons;
a northwester caused a hailstorm at Fecamp,
the hailstones being of the size of hazel-nuts
the 31st was squally, and the Ist of September was
ushered in at Ouistrehem (Calvados) with a
furious sea. All these phenomena, it must be
remarked, coincided with the effects of electricity
remarked on the telegraphic lines, and which
have already been described. Another circum-
stance of the note was that the aurora seemed to
shift its position in the direction of the wind, from
west to east. Comparing all these phenomena will
the aurora of Nov. 17, 1848, it appears that on the
day before the general direction of the wind was
west, occasionally inclining south or north. On
the 17th there was rather a calm, rain and snow,
however, falling incessantly at Berlin. The
18th was about the same, but winds generally
blowing from the west, and squalls commenced
on the 19th and 20th, at Lyons, Havre, Margate,
and Portsmouth. Violent storms raged in the
Channel on the 21st, 22d, and 23d ; also at
Lyons, Cette, Montpelier, Toulon, and Marseilles.
Moreover a quantity of falling stars were observed
on the l 7th at Pisa and St. Laurent du Pont
(Drome), and two fireballs were seen at Dole. At
Paris M. Coulvier Gravier observed some falling
stars on the 29th August last. M. Fournier, after
remarking on the coincidence of stormy weather
with both auroras, concludes with an opinion that
the falling stars move in the direction of the upper
current of the atmosphere, and that the aurora
borealis also seems to obey a similar impulse in
moving from west to east.

THE MUTINY IN THE GREAT EASTERN.—Mr.
Nash applied to Mr. Justice Byles at Chambers, yesterday,
for a writ of certiorari to bring up the conviction of Francis
Johnson, who was sentenced to one month's imprisonmentin Dorchester gaol for refusing to clean the deck s on Sun-
day, and also for a writ of habeas corpus to bring up the
prisoner. He submitted various objections to the COlric;
tion on the face of it, and also that the refusal to w_oF.k.
on
the Sabbath was not an offence, being within I,ltreprohibi
work specified in the statute of Charles. After some dis-
cussion, his lordship granted orders for the writs, so that
the questions might be solemnly argued.