The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-23 00:00:00

rket.

//,L1

N°. 23,150.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY- EVENING, AUGUST 23, 1860.

Now ready, in 2 vols., 215.,

THE WELLINGTON, ST. JAMES'S-STREET
(Entrance 160, Piccadilly).
Set Dinners as usual. The carte varied, choice, and mode-
rate. Turtle, thick and clear, always ready.
The Billiard ltooms now conducted by J. Roberts, the
champion.

AUGUST and SEPTEMBER SHOOTING
JACKET S, in various mixed colours, of
Cheviot Wool Cloth, light, cool, and as strong as linen,
resisting damp, and more adapted to this variable climate
than any other fabric, the cost of each being TWENTY-
FIVE SHILLINGS, with the new Cartridge Pockets.
H. J. and D. NICOLL, COURT TAILORS.
LONDON-114 to 120, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill.
MANcuEsTER-10, Mosley-street.
LivEurooL•Tso, Bold-street.

TIJ.E BItI7ISII ASSOCIATION.

TRAVELS in FRANCE and GERMANY in
18t5 !and 1866; including a Steam Voyage down the
Danube, and a Ride across the Mountains of European
Turkey, from Belgrade to Montenegro.
By Capt. SPENCER, Author of " Travels in Circassia," Sze.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NOTTINGHAM, Aug. 22.
To-day, at 1 o'clock, the formal proceedings of the
meeting for 1866 commenced by a meeting of the

Suppers until One a.m.
Elegant Saloon Dining Rooms for Ladies.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,

general committee held in the Mechanics' Hall,
under the presidency of Professor Phillips, when a

LORDS

A N D
By the Author of

LADIES.

•
fr II X F 0 It D)
6,OXFORD-STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (Limited',
EXTRA. NOVELTIES. Operatic Selections performed
by Misses Russell, Barry,«Fitzlienry ; Messrs. A. St. Albyn,
Hush, Bury, Dalton, and Tivoli, with full band and chorus,
conducted by Mr. F. JoNcitatAzis.
Comedy, Burlesque, Gymnastic; and other performances,
by all the most talented Foreign add English artistes.
Messrs. Duriah and Davies in their Nigger eccentricitie..
All Excursionists to London should pay a visit to this estab-
lishment.
Admission—Area, ed. ; stalls and balcony, Is ; private
boxes, with separate entrance, 10s. 6d.
Open every evening at 8.
Engagement of the talented JULIETTE and JULIA
DELEPIER RE. Violinists to all the Northern Courts, aged
respectively nine and thirteen years. Mdlle. Juliette will
also perform a Pantos' I on her extraordinary instrument
called the Xilophone, composed of Bois et Faille. They will
appear Every Evening at Nine and half-past Ten o'clock.

"Margaret and her Bridesmaids," (to.

JOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOOTH PASTIG is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a-pleasant fragrance to
the breath. Pries le. 6d.—Red- Bull Wharf, vS, Upper
Thames-street, London.

preliminary report was read from the Council, and
also reports from the treasurer, the Kew, and Par-
liamentary Committees. The Kew Committee, in

" A most amusing noveL The plot is thoroughly original,
and it is worked out with much humour and skill. The
characters are capitally drawn. The book is an admirable
one for holiday time."—Star.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street

their report, referred to the results of the recent in-

Just published, 103 pp.. crown Svo., cloth, price 53.,
THE AVERAGE CLAUSE. Hints on the
Settlement of Claims for Losses by Fire under Mer-
cantile Policies.
By RICHARD ATKINS, of the Sun Fire Office.
London: Charles and Edwin Layton, 150, Fleet-stree.

GRE AT WESTERN RAILWAY.—
TIIROITGII COMMUNICATION with IRE-
LAND.—The Great Western Railway Company give
Notice that Passengers can now be booked through be-
tween—

vestigation of questions relating to the Meteorologi-
cal Department of the Board of Trade, as embodied
in the blue-book presented to Parliament, and ex-
pressed their cordial acquiescence in the suggestion

Bath, -
Cheltenham,
Reading,

LONDON,
Birmingham,
Gloucester,
Oxford, -

that the establishment at Kew should be developed
so as to become a meteorological centre of observa-
tion, in place of perpetuating the present system. The

CHOCOLATE.-3,MMLR' 'S FRENCH.

HEREFORD,
and other principal Stations on their System, and
KINGSTOWN and DUBLIN
Via Shrewsbury, Wrexham, Chester, and Holyhead.
Single Tickets to Kingstown are available for the day
of issue and the following day, and the Return Tickets (to
Kingstown) for ONE MONTH, entitling the holder to break.
the Journey at Birmingham, Shrewsbury, Chester Con-
way, Bangor, Holyhead, and Dublin. The Tickets to
Dublin entitle the holders to break the journey at Chester
or. Holyhead. Passengers are also booked through be-
tween— LONDON,
BIRMINGHAM,
and the following Stations on the Midland Great Western
Railway of Ireland, via Kingston OD üblin (North Wall)-7'
Athlone,
Ballivasloo,
Boyle,
• BaßAatihiyiernhnaruyonte,
Carrick-on-Shannon, Castlebar,
Castlerea, Cavan,
Claremorris, Galway„
Longford, Mullingar,
Roscommon, Sligo,
Tuam, Westport,
And the following Stations on the Great Southern and
Westorn, and Waterfor
KdILLARNEY, and Limerick Railways :

Parliamentary Committee in their report expressed

CHOCOLAT-MKNIER, for Breakfast.

WESTO N' S GRAND MUSIC HALL,
HOLBORN.
Open at Half-past Seven, under New Management.
Proprietors—Messrs. Sweasey and Holland.
Two of the Grandest Selections ever performed, ROB ROY
and MACBETH, every evening, by 50 vocalists and a superb
band of 30 performers. Conductor, P. Corri.
Comic—Supported by ARTHUR LLOYD—WEST, the
Great Stump Orator—and EMMA. WEST, Serio-Comic and
Burlesque Actress—LYDlA HOWARD. the smallest Actress
in the World, only 25 inches high and 2i yeard of age—KATE
CHATTERS, the new Serio- Comic and Skipping-rope Dancer
MORATORIO and LE BRONG, the renowned Tr3pezists—
and M. PIE RROT, the Wonder of Wonders.

CHOCOLAT-MEMER is pure, wholesome, and
delicious.

IVIENIER'S FRENCH CHOCOLATE.
Warehouse, 23, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden.
Sold everywhere.

THE KAMES GUNPOWDER COMPANY'S
CRYSTAL Gunpowder. packed in Red Japanned
Canisters ; No. 1, Fine ; No. 2, Medium ; No. 3, Large Grain.
TIFF. EAMES GUN POWDER COMPANY,-Contractors
to H. r Department, solicit a trial of their CRYSTAL
and other Sporting Gunpowder, of this year's manufacture.
For strength, cleanliness, and prompt ignition they will be
found unequalled. —Sold by moat respectable dealers through-
out the Country, and wholesale at the Offices, 45, Lime-street,
London, E.C.

Box-office open ficini 10 to 4.
*** Enthusiastic reception of ARTHUR LLOYD and
JOLLY NASH every evening.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
BAKER-STREET.

NEW EDITIONS.—A MARRIAGE GROUP of their
Royal Highnesses the PRINCESS HELENA and PRINCE
CHRISTIAN ; also a variety of COURT DRESSES of the
most magnificent and costly description. Several life-size
Portrait Models of the most distinguished Men of the Day
are likewise to be seen.
- -

Admittance, 18. ; children, under ten, half-price ; extra
rooms, 6d.
Open from 11 a nt. till 10 p.m.

Athlone,
Carlow,

A thy,
CORK,
Clonmel,
____

Fermoy, Kilkenny,
Limerick Junction, Limerick,
Mallow, Maryborough,
Nenagh, Parsonstown,
Portarlington, Roscrea,
Templemore, Thurles,
Tipperary, Tralee,
Tullamoro, Waterford.
Passengers travelling to Kingstown, or Stations in the
interior of Ireland via Kingstown, are conveyed by the
MAIL PACKETS between Holyhead and Kingstown—
the sea passage is performed in about 31 hours.
The Single Tickets via KINGSTOWN are available for
Frvu DAYS, and the Return Tickets for ONE MONTH, en-
titling the holders to break the journey at Birmingham,
Shrewsbury, Chester, Bangor, Conway, Holyhead, and
Dublin.
The Single Tickets via Dublin (North Wall) are avail-
able for Five Days, and the Return Tickets for One Month,
and permit the holders to break the journey at Chester,
Holyhead, or Dublin.
For Service of Trains, Fares, and other information, see
the Company's published Time Bills.
J. GRIERSON, General Manager.
Paddington Station, August, 1866.

HYAM & CO.'S Tweed Over Coats.

PR IN TIN G. —TO PROPRIETORS OF
NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS, &c.—The Print-
ing and Machining of Newspapers, &c., done on exceed-
ingly favourable terms. Use of Editorial and Publishing
Offices, if required. Estimates forwarded on receipt of
particulars, with stamped directed envelope for reply.
Address—The Manager "Sun" Printing Offices, 3, Church-
row, Savoy, Strand, W.C.

DISINFECTANTS.-RIMMEL'S TOILET
VINEGAR (is., 2s. 6d., 55.) either used on the hand-
kerchief or sprinkled about with a Rafraiehisseur (6d., ls.,
s. 6c1.), and RIMMEL'S AROMATIC DISINFECTOR
(2s. 6d.), a simple, inexpensive fumigating apparatus, adopted
at the Royal College of Surgeons, and principal London
Ilespitals ; are both recommended as the best means for
purifying the atmosphere and destroying foul air and
miasma.—EUGENE ttIMMEL, Perfumer by Appointment
to IL R.H. the Princess of Wales, 96, Strand; 128, Regent-
street ; and 24, Cornhill, London ; and 17, Boulevard des
Italiens, Paris.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—
THROUGH COMMUNICATION with IRE-
LAND via MILFORD HAVEN and WATERFORD.
Passengers are booked
LOthrNDoughON between—

HYAM & CO.'S Silk-faced Over Coats.

11YAM & CO.'S Suits.

SAUCE.—LEA and PERRINS'
WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.
This delicious condiment, pronounced by connoisseurs
"THE ONLY GOOD SAUCE,"
Is,prepared solely by LEA and PERITINS.
The public are respectfully cautioned against worthless
Imitations, and should see that Lea and Yerrins' 11=09 are
on wrapper, label, bottle, and stopper.
ASK for LEA and PERRINS' SAUCE.
Sold wholesale and for export by the Propr'etors, Wor-
cester; Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell; Messrs. Barclay and
Sons, London, ac•, &c.; and by Grocers and Oilmen uni-
versally.

BRISTOL, •
Carmarthen, Cardiff,
Gloucester, Cheltenham,
Merthyr, Llanelly,
Neat)), Newport,
Oxford, Reading,
SWANSEA,

JJYAM & Co.'s Morning Coats.

lIYAM & CO.'S Sandringham Surtouts.

HYAM. & CO.'S Trousers.

iIYAM & CO.'S Fancy and Washing Vests.

HYAM & CO.'S Hosiery, Hats, Caps, &c.

HYAM & CO.'S Ladies' Riding Habits.

HY" & CO.'S Servants' Liveries.

HYAM & Co's ATTIRE for GENTLEMEN,
66 and 67, Oxford Street, London.
Hyam and Co's Summer Overcoats
Hyam and Co's Summer Suits
Hyam and Co's Summer Silk-faced Capes 255. to'4ss.
Hyam and Co's Summer Jackets
Hyam and 0.,,, summer Dross Cueta
Hyam and Co's Summer Frock Coats 3os. to 70s.
Hyam and Co's Summer Vests 6s. to 14s.
Hyam and Co's Summer Trousers

TJYAM & Co.'s BOYS' SUMM E it
XI- CLOTHING, 66 and 67, Oxford Street, London.
The First Establishment in the Kingdom for Juvenile

Clothing.
Boys' Knickerbocker Suits lss. to 355.
Boys' Westminster and Osborne Suits lss. to 355.
Boys' Eaton, Harrow, and Rugby Suits 2ss. to 425.
Boys' Light Cape Overcoats
Boys' Jackets for the season
Boys' Serviceable Vests
Boys' Serviceable Trousers '

HYAM and Co.'s SELECT DEPARTMENTS.
No. 1. Gentlemen's Clothing for immediate wear.
„ 2. Bespoke or Order Department.
„ 3. Boys' and Youths' Distinct Department.
„ 4. Hats, Caps, Hosiery, and Outfit Department.

HYAM AND CO.'S' ESTABLISHMENTS.
LONDON-66 and 67, Oxford-street;
BIRMINGHAM-21, 22, and 23, Now-street;
LEEDS-42, Briggate ;
DEWSBURY—Westgate.

Just published, 2d ; sent by the author for 3 stamps,
UGLINESS and BEAUTY; being a Pamphlet
descriptive of articles and means used for improving
the appearance. By ALEX. ROSS, 248, High Holborn,
London.

SPANISH FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROSS'S CANTHARIDES OIL, which speedily
produces whiskers and thickens hair, 35 6d, 5s 6d, and 10s 6d ;
sent by post for 54, 84, and 144 stamps.—ALES. ROSS, 248,
High Holborn, London, and all Chemists.

WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.—Corns cured
in one day by using ALEX. ROSS'S CHIROPO.
This preparation gradually dissolves the Corn in a few hours,
removing the veryroot. Price 4s ; sent by post for 60 stamps.
—248, High Holborn, London, and all Chemists.

TAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork.—" The purest spirit and safest drink in the
world." .(u, don Offices, 7, Printing-house-square, E.C.,
next the "Times."

JAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork, be'r to announce that they are able to supply the
trade with their celebrat, d Whiskies, in casks or cases, and
to take orders in bond at d for exportation, at their cffices, 7,
Printing-house-square, London, KC . the may house in the
square not occupiedby th" "Times." J. D. and Co.'s whiskies
bring: the highest prices in the Australian and other Colonial
markets, as may be observed by reierenee to the "Journal of
Commerce of Victoria," by which it will be seen that their
whiskies fetch 6d. per gallon and ls. per case over the next
best, and Is. 6d per gallon and ss. 6d. a case over the lowest
quotation. Always on hand a large supply of ve• y old
mellow whisky in the finest condition, matured in sherry
casks, unsurpassable in quality and flavour, supplied on the
most reasonable terms.

STARCH MANIJFACTURERS
TO H. R. H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.
G.LENFIELD PATENT STARCH
Used in the Royal Laundry,
AND AWARDED THE PRIZE MEDAL. 1862.
Sold by all Grocers, Chandlers, &c. Scc.

RAIR-CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID ourla
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is applied. Sold
at 3a 6d, 5s 6d, and 10s 6d ;seat free for 54, 84, and 144 stamps.
—Had of all Chemists.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S HAIR DYE produces a perfect colour
immediately it is need. It is permanent, and perfectly na-
tural in effect. Price Is id, is id, and les ed ; sent by post
for 54, 84, and 141 stamps ; and all Chemists.

HAIR DESTROYER.-248, High Holborn,
London.—AL EX. ROSS'S DEPILATORY removes
superfluous hair from the face, neck, and arms, without effect
to the skin. Price 3s 6d, 5s 6d, and 10s 6d; sent for 54, 84,
and 144 stamps.—llad of all Chemists.

PIMPLE REMOVER.—AII diseases of the
skin are improved by one dose of ALEX. ROSi'S
VEGETABLE SKIN PILLS. They remove redness, sal-
'owners, dm 2s 9d and 7s 6d ; or post for 40 and 100 stamps.
—ALEX. ROSS, 246, High Holborn, London, and all Cue-
mists..

INIALKNER'S OLD IRISH WHISKY, " Real
_IL' Malt," 19s. per eallon, is sold in bottles and jars, bear-
ing his label and trade mark. Most liberal terms are offered
to the trade for the sale of this genuine old spirit, which is
coming into universal consumption through England.
For price lists apply at Offices, 14, Strand. London, W.O.
Established in Grafton-street, Dublin, A.D. 1780.

THE CULTIVATION of TEA in the East
Indies is an important feature, and the EAST INDIA
TEA. COMPANY have, on account of its great strength and
exquisite flavour, promoted its sale by every means. The
Company are now selling Assam, Cachar, Darjeeling', SzO, at
the reduced duty—viz., from 2s. Bd. to 3s. •Bd. per lb , and
China Teas as usual at is. 4d. per lb. and upwards.—Ware-
houses, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate.

HAIR COLOUR WASH.—By washing the
head with this beautifully-perfumed Wash, in seven
or ten days the hair assumes its original colour, and remains
BO by an occasional using. 10s ed ; sent for stamps.—ALl4X.
ROSS, 248, High Holborn, London, and all Chemists.

LADIES MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN
EVER.—Dr. CULVERWELL'S LADIES' TUR-
KISH BATHS, Tuesdays. Gentlemen other days.-3, Great
Marlborough-street, W. 2s. Also the Post Office Turkish
Baths, 19, St. Martin's-le-Grand, Is. 6d. Saturdays and
Sundays, Is. ; at both establishments, Is. Greatest purifier
of the blood and beautifier of the skin.

IVOTHING DEPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
111 most nodal invention of the day, AQUA AMAR ELL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO.' Red Bull Wharf, 93,
Upper Thames-street, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
fully offer to the publics this truly marvellous fluid, which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agna Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles, 10s. 61. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from Individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Prinoess of Wales.

And the undermentioned Stations on the Waterford and
Limerick and Waterford and Kilkenny
Cahir, Clonme ,
Kilkenny, Limerick Junction,
Limerick, Tipperary.
The Single Journey Tickets are available for FIVE
Viz.—
DAYS with the privilege of breaking the journey at either
Gloucester or New Milford, and Waterford or Clonmel, as
also at Cahir and Tipperary.
The Return Tickets aro available for ONE MONTH, and
entitle the holders to break the journey at many places of
interest on the route both going and returning.
For Service of Trains, Fares, and other information, see
the Company's published Time Bills.
J. GRIERSON, General Manager.
Paddington Station, August, 1866.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-FUNDS
are earnestly solicited for fitting up the TRAINING
SHIP. £2,000 required.
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

IJ OMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-CON-
TRIBUTIONS are earnestly solicited for establishing
the COUNTRY HOME. £l,OOO required.
WILLIAMS,WM. Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8. Great Queen-street, W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—The
Committee are moat anxious to provide for 400 boys.
One hundred and fifty are now in the Refuge. The annual
expenditure for supporting the 400 boys is estimated at
£6,000, being £l5 a year for each boy. Several kind friends
have promised to pay for one boy each year. •
Subscriptions thankfully received by the London and West-
minster Bank, 41, Lothbury. and 214, High Holborn; Messrs.
Ransom and Ca., It, rail-Mall East; and by
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

AQ.REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.
X.JI THROUGH COMMUNICATION with IRELAND
UOLYHEAD and KINGSTOWN or MILFORD
HAVEN and WATERFORD.
TOURIST TICKETS.
FOR TUB
LAKES OF KILLARNEY,
AVAILABLE FOR ONE MONTH.

TIIE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
home to tho 12 now in operation. Last year no fewer
• han 455 poor, friendless, young females were rejected from
want of FUNDS and room, maw,: a total of 3,087, who have
been sent away in five years.
The new home the Committee wish to form would be for
young girls, almost children, from the age of 8 to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Secretary,
Mr. Daniel Cooper, 85, Queen-street, Cheapside; or by Messrs
Barclay and Co., Lombard-street.

Aro now issued at
London, Oxford,
Birmingham, Gloucester,
Hereford, Worcester,
Bath, Bristol,
And other principal Stations on the Great Western
Railway.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus, King's-cross.
Patron—Her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN.

Vice-Patron—llis 'Royal Highness the Prince of WALES, IC.G

President--His Gr[aee the Duke of BUCCLEUCH, K.G.

This hospital, founded in the year 1828, the first to estab-
lish the principle of free admission to the sick poor, without
the delay and difficulty of Governors' orders, is wholly de-
pendent for support on voluntary contributions and I :gacies
It affords relief to a large number of in-patients, and, in
addition to this, the average number of attendance of the
destitute sick has for a considerable period averaged between
1,000 and 4,000 weekly.
The Committee earnestly solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
benevolent, as the premises of this hospital are capable of
containing several hundred more beds, had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward M.
•
Berman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co.;
Drummond and Co. ; Glyn and Co.;• IJerries d Co. ; Ransom
and Co. ; Prescott. Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ;
Barclay and Co. ; W .11isoas, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gur-
ney, and Co.: gisbet and Co.. Berners-kreet ; I. Darned and
Co., Liverpool) and at the Hospital. from 10 till 5.
OTALINVIEW BAuP-1, bcoretary.

The Tickets via Holyhead and Kingstown are available
by the Irish Mail Trains between Chester and Holyhead,
and by the Mail Packets between Holyhead and Kings-
town, and entitle the holders to remain as long as conve-
nient to themselves at Chester, Bangor, Holyhead, Dublin,
Limerick Junction' -Mallow, Cork and Killarney, provided
they return to the Station in England at which they took
their Tickets not later than One Calendar Month from the
date of their departure therefrom. The Tickets via Mil-
ford entitle the holders to break the journey at various
places of attraction on the Great Western Railway, as also
at Waterford, Tipperary, Limerick Junction, or Mallow,
either going or returning ; but the Waterford and Killar-
ney portion of the route must be performed within Thirteen
Days from the date of departure from Waterford.
Tourist Tickets are also issued to Dublin (North Wall)
from all the principal Stations on the Great Western Rail-
way, entitling the holders to break the journey at any Sta-
tion between Shrewsbury and Chester inclusive, and also
at any Station on the Chester and Holyhead Line, both
going and returning.
Tourist Tickets for the Connemara Tours are issued at
London and Birmingham.
For Fares and other particulars see Tourist Programme,
to be obtained at any of the Company's Stations or Offices.
August, 186 G.
J. GRIERSON, General Manager.

M. REILLY AND CO.,
~• GUN AND RIFLE MANUFACTURERS,

602, New Oxford-street, London,
Have always an Extensive Assortment of MUZZLE and
BREECH-LOADING GUNS, on the most avproved sys-
tems, from £lO 10s. upwards. Improved " CENTRAL
FIRE" BKEECII-LOADERS, in cases complete, from 23
guineas. Cartridge Cases from 30s. per 1,00). Several first-
cAtafrsisca, Second-hardlndia&e., frßlomuzzl2leganinndeaßs.reech-loadinv Gues at mo-
derate prices. Revolvers, Air Canes, &e. Double Rifles for

I)ROVIDENCE ROWS NIGHT REFUGE,
FO
HOMELESS WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
14A, Providence-row, Finsbury, B.C.
Sixty Thousand. Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, have been given in this Institution to the
destitute, who otherwise would have had to pass the
nights in the bleak streets or under railway arches.
At preSent nearly 500 Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, are given gratuitously every week. The poor
from all parts are admitted, the only condition being that
they are homeless and starving. The Manager &c.,
receives no remuneration whatever. Notwithstand-
ing the provision made by the Poor Houses, each
night numbers of young women, chilaren, and orphans
are, for want accommodation, refusedadmittance, andhave
to spend night after night in the cold, wet, and sleet. To
meet this evil, and to provide more ample accommoda-
tion, £2,000 has been raised, but to accomplish the
work a sum of at least £l,OOO more will lie required.
Besides providing shelter for the homeless, this year it
is proposed, as far as the donations obtained for the pur-
pose will allow, to give bread and coals to poor families
in want. Will you, in your charity, help to carry on and
accomplish what has been begun ? Will you help to give
shelter to the really homeless, and food to the really
starving ? The smallest donation will be most welcome,
and, night and morning, the prayers of the destitute will
be offered in your behalf.
SUBSCRIPTIONS are earnestly requested, and will be
gratefully received by the Rev. D. GLUE= D.D No, 22,
ifiaal:ury-circus, B.C.

THE SUFFOLK CHILD MURDER.—Mr. J. Alloway,
governor of tho Suffolk County Gaol, has received a com-
munication from the Home Secretary, granting a reprieve
to Hannah Colthorpe, the young woman under sentence of
death for the murder of her illegitimate child at Sprough-
ton in October, 1865. The convict will not thus undergo
the last penalty of the law, but she is to be kept in penal
servitude during the term of her natural life.

SWIMMING MATCH BETWEEN HENRY GURR AND
DAVID PAMPLIN.—These renowned young swimmers swam
a most exciting match at a late hour on Tuesday nightl
attracting so many metropolitan swimmers to witness their
extraordinary skill in swimming that the long Wenlock
Bath, in which the race took place, seemed almost lined on
each side by a thick living wall of spectators. The backers
of each claimed a victory for their favourite,but the referee
declared the result to be as exact a dead-heat as ever hap-
pened.
The time at the various distances, as taken by Mr.
H. Woodstock, the official time-keeper, was 47 sec. at GO
yards, 1 min. 39 sec. at 120, 2 min. 36 sec. at 180, 3 min. 35
sec. at 240, 4 min. 32 sec. at 300, 5 min. 34 sec. at 360,
min. 37 sec. at 420, 7 rain. 34 sec. at 840, 8 min. 37 sec. at
540, 9 min. 43 sec. at 600, 10 min. 45 sec. at 660, and 11
min. 51 sec. at 720. The consequence of the dead-heat is
a challenge for another match. Professor Woodbridge,
whom the young champion assists in teaching swimming
offers to back Gurr against Pamplin for £25 or £5O a-side
—The Sporting Life.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] —Dyspepsia (indigestion), constipa-
tion, debility, consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach
stage, are only aggravated and
everyy description, but perfectly cur-
able-restoring' Revalenta Arabica
eases which had been con-
sidered acceleratedo do dl
bv
as
ye liver
ppc or
aombv
ypeßdl nbruyysrt
drags
olnothueesvaaelnrt
dh s f
sidered hopeless, such as—cough, asthma, also diarrhosa,
Immorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness,
biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds,
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dropsy, cramps, spurns, nausea and sickness, even in preg-
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the chest, pains in the pit of the stomach and between the
shoulders, &c. We quote a few :—Cure No. 46,276. Mr James
Roberts,
blriims eY, Surrey, of 30 years'
Elizabeth Jacobs, of ex-
treme l d eat n
etimber s
dearness.—Cure
re
No. diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and p ar-
ia
merchant,4:io2fl.
nervousness, indigestion, gatherings; low spirits, and
nervous fancies. —Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Dccies, lord
lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 19,832.
Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and
u
vomiting—Maria Joly —Cure No. 51,816. The Rsv, James
T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpid-
ity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment.—
In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 45 6d; Sib, lls ; 121 b, 228; 241 b,
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also Phillips, tea dzalers, 8,
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at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopagate-
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54, Upper Baker-street; 103, Tottenham-court-road; 96,
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regret that another session had been allowed to pass
without any step being taken by the Legislature to
promote the study of science in our great public
schools. They referred, however, to the Act passed
to amend the Acts relating to the Imperial standards
of weight, measure, and capacity, as one which
would effect very useful reforms in the constitution
of the office having the custody of the- Imperial
standards, whereby the organisation of the Depart-
ment would be placed on a more scientific basis.
Regarding the Meteorological Department of the
Board of Trade, the report said, " Your committee
will not fail to advocate such measures as may be
necessary for placing this Department on a satisfac-
tory footing. They will neither be unmindful of the
part which they took in its original establishment,
nor of the benefits which it has already conferred,
and which, if successfully reorganised, it will con-
tinue to confer on meterological science." The
concluding recommendation that Sir Henry Raw-
linson be elected a member of the committee was
of course complied with. To the list of correspond-
ing members the names of the following foreign
men of science who attended the Birmingham meet-
ing were added :—Captain Belavenetz, Geheimrath
von Dechen, M. Gaudry, Professor Grube, Profes-
sor Kiepert, Professor F. Romer, Chevalier C.
Negri, and Professor Steenstrup. Those of Mr. J.
Hind, F.R.S., and Mr. T. Close were added to the
list of vice-presidents and to fill the place vacated by
the resignation last year of Mr. Hopkins, as joint
general secretary. Mr. Thos. Archer Hirst, Ph. D.,
F.R.S., Professor of Mathematical Physics, Uni-
versity College, London, was unanimously chosen.
Incidentally it was mentioned that invitations for
future meetings of the Association had been re-
ceived from Dundee, Norwich, Plymouth, and
Exeter. The sectional committees having been duly
appointed at once adjourned to their several com-
mittee-rooms, and proceeded to frame the lists of
the following day's business.
At 8 o'clock the general body of members and
associates assembled in the theatre to receive the
farewell observations of 'Professor Phillips, to wit-
ness the installation of the president elect, Mr.
Grove, Q.C., and to listen to the inaugural address.
Of the latter we give a condensed report :
Mr. GROVE said that if their rude predecessors
who at one time inhabited the caverns by which
Nottingham was surrounded could rise from their
graves and see the town in its present state, it might
be doubtful whether they would have sufficient
knowledge to be surprised at what they witnessed.
The machinery, almost resembling organic beings
in delicacy of structure, by which were fabricated
products of world-wide reputation ; the powers of
matter. a.nnlied to elven motion to flint
were so far removed from what must have been the
conceptions of the semi-barbarians to whom he al-
luded, that they could not look on those things with
intelligent wonder. Yet that immense progress had
all been effected step by step ; nor was it in those
branches of natural knowledge only which tended
to improvements in economical arts and manufac-
tures that science had greatly advanced. In the
study of our own planet and the organic beings with
which it was crowded, and in so much of the uni-
verse as vision aided by the telescope had brought
within the scope of observation, the present century
had surpassed any antecedent period of equal dura-
tion. Though by no means the only one, yet an
important cause of the rapid progress of science was
the growth of associations for the promotion of
physical knowledge generally, or of special branches
of it. Since the foundation of the Royal Society,
now more than two centuries ago, a vast number of
kindred societies had sprung up in this country
and in Europe. The advantages conferred by
such societies were manifold. They enabled those
who were devoted to scientific research to combine,
compare, and check their observations ; they fur-
nished the means of submitting to a competent
tribunal notices and memoirs, and of obtaining
for their authors and others, through the medium of the
discussions which ensued, information given by those who
were best informed on the particular subject, on which a
sound judgment could be based as to whether it would be
worth while to prosecute the researches into that subject
still further. Those advantages and others which could be
named pertained to the association, the 36th meeting of
which they were that eveningassembled to inaugurate, and
which from its intermittent and peripatetic character en-
joyed opportunities of furthering its objects which belonged
to none of those societies which were fixed as to their locality.
Every votary of physical science must be anxious to see it
recognized by those institutions of the country which could
in the greatest degree promote its cultivation and reap from
it the greatest benefit. The principal educational establish-
ments on the one hand and on the other the Government,
in many of its departments, were, in his opinion, the insti-
tutions which might best fulfil those conditions. The earlier
the mind was trained to a pursuit of any kind the deeper
and the more permanent were the impressions which it re-
ceived.
ti Quo semel est imbuta recens, servabit odorem
" Testa diu."
Little could be achieved in scientific research without an
acquaintance with it in youth, and while upon that point
he might observe that ho did not wish to make any com-
plaint of the tardiness with which science had been re-
ceived at our public schools, and, with some exceptions, at
our Universities. Those great establishments had their
roots in historical periods, and much time and patient en-
deavour were requisite to graft a new branch of thought
with success on a stem to which it was exotic. Nor
should he desire to see the study of languages, of his-
tory, of all those refined associations 'which the past had
transmitted to us, ever neglected. There was, however,
room for the two things. It was sad to think of the
number of so-called educated men, who, travelling by
railway, voyaging by steamboat, consulting the almanac for
the time of sunrise or full moon, had not the most elemen-
tary knowledge of a steam engine, a barometer, or a quad-
rant, while they were in a state of crass ignorance as to the
cause of the trade winds or the form of a comet's path.
Might he hope that the slight infiltration of scientific studies
now happily begun would extend till it occupied its fair
space in the education of the young, and that those who
might be able learnedly to discourse on the digamma
would not bp ashamed of knowing the principles of an air-
pump or a telescope, and would not, as Bacon had com-
plained in the case of his contemporaries, despise such
knowledge as something moan and mechanical. To assert
that the great Departments of Government should encou-
rage physical science might appear a truism, and yet it
was but of late that it had seriously been done. Now
the habit of consulting men of science on impor-
tant questions of national interest was becoming a re-
cognised practice, and a more definite sphere of usefulness
for those duly qualified men who might be content to give
up the more tempting study of abstract science for that of
its practical application, would, he had no doubt, in time be
provided. In that respect the Report of the Kow Committee
for the present year afforded a subject of congratulation.
The Kew Observatory, the petted child of the Brti.toinslLAsso-
ciation, might posaibly become an important national
blishment, and if so, while it would not, ho trusted,.ilsslossaercihts,
character of a home for untrammelled physical
it would have superseded the Meteorological Danedpait-
ment of the Board of Trade withoansetaofff
ex-
perienced observers. That was otfheskrelsuults which
the general growth of science, and the labours of the
British Association in particular, had produced; but he did
not, on that occasion, intend to repudiate the special Qb-

PRICE. 4d.
STAMPED sd.

jects which they had succeeded in attaining. One word
would give the key to his discourse ; that word was con-
tinuity. The more they investigated the more they found
that in existing phenomena graduation from the like to the
seemingly unlike prevailed, and that in the changes which
took place in time, gradual progress was, and apparently
must be, the course of nature. Let him endeavour to apply
that view to the recent progress of some of the more pro-
minent branches of science. In astronomy, from the time
when the earth was considered a flat plain, bounded by a
flat ocean, which successive discovery had brought with it
similitudes and analogies between the earth and many of
the objects of the universe with which our senses, aided
by instruments, had made us acquainted. Passing over
the establishment of the Copernican system, he might re-
mark that the proofs of that gravitation was not confined
to our solar system, but that it pervaded the universe, had
received many confirmations from the labours of mem-
bers of the Association, among others of Lord bosse, Lord
Wrottesloy, and Sir John Herschel, the two latter of whom
had devoted special attention to the orbits of double stars,
the first mentioned to those probably more recent systems
called nebulae. There was, however, another class of ob-
servations, quite new in its importance, which had formed
a special subject of contribution to the reports of the As-
sociation--he alluded to those on meteorites at which their
lamented member, Professor Baden Powell, assiduously
laboured. It would occupy too much of their time to de-
tail the efforts of Bessel, Schwinke, the late Sir J. Lubbock,
and others, as applied to the formation of star charts, for
aiding the observations which Mr. Alexander Herschel,
Mr. Brayley, Mr. Sorby, and others wore now engaged in
studying. As it was, there was evidence almost amounting
to proof that those meteors were cosmical bodies moving
in the interplanetary space by gravitation round the sun,
and some perhaps round planets. That view gave us a
new element of continuity. The universe would thus ap-
pear not to have the extent of empty space formerly attri-
buted to it, but to be studded between the larger and more
visible masses with smaller planets, if that term were per-
mitted to be applied to meteorites. Observations were now
being made at the periods at which meteorsappeared in the
greatest numbers—at Greenwich by Mr. Glaisher, at Cam-
bridge by Professor Adams, and at Hawkhurst by Mr. A.

ozoic and secondary and tertiary respectively. But,
although these breaks existed, there was found pervading
the works of many geologists the belief, sometimes avowed,
sometimes implied, that the succession of species bore somo
definite relation to the succession of strata. Indications of
the connexion between cosmical studies and geological re-
searches, too, were gradually drawing upon us. There was,
for instance; some reason to believe that we could traco

Lany geological phenomena to our varying rotation round
-
le sun. Mr. Croll had recently assigned reasons leading
;o the conclusion that the climate, at all events, in the cir-
cumpolar and temperate zones of the earth, would depend
on whether the winter of a given region occurred when

the 'earth at its period of greatest eccentricity was in aphe-
lion or perihelion. If the former, the annual average of
temperature would be lower; if the latter, higher than when
the eccentricity of the earth's orbit was less. If Mr. Croll's
theory on the subject were correct, we should be able to
approximate to a test of the time which had elapsed be-
tween the different geological epochs. That' gentleman's
computation on the point would certainly make it not less
than 100,000 3 ears since the last glacial epoch, a time not
very long in geological chronology. When we compared
with the old theories of the earth, by which the apparent
changes in its surface were accounted for by convulsions and
cataclysms, the modern view inaugurated by Lyell, now, if
not wholly, at all events to a great extent, adopted, it
seemed strange that the referring past changes to similar
causes to those which were now in operation should have
remained uninvestigated until the present century. But it
was easier to invent a Dcus ex machine& than to trace out
the influence of slow continuous change. In geology a
deluge or valcano was supplied ; in palaeontology a new race
was created whenever theory required it; how such new
races began the theorist did not stop to inquire. A curious
speculator might say to a pala3outologist of oven recent
date, in the words of Lucretius :
" Nam neque no coelo cecidisse animalia possunt
Nec terrestria do salsis exisse lacunis.

E nihilo si crescero possent,
(Turn) fierent juvenos subito ex infantibus parvis,
E terrilque exorta repente arbusta salirent ;
Quorum nihil fieri manifestum est, orn„uia quando
Panlatim crescunt, ut par est, semine certo,
Croscentesque genus servant."
—which might be thus freely paraphrased, "You have
abandoned the belief in one primeval creation at one point
of time, yon cannot assert that an elephant existed when
the first saurians roamed over earth and water. Without,
then, in any way limiting Almighty power, if an elephant
were created without progenitors, the first elephant must,
in some way orother, have physically arrived on this earth.
Whence did ho come ? did he fall from the sky (i.e., from
the interplanetary space)? did he rise moulded out of a mass
of amorphous earth or rock ? did he appear out of the cleft
of a tree ? If be had no antecedent progenitors, some such
beginning must be assigned to him." He knew of no scien-

tific writer who had since the discoveries of geology had
become familiar, ventured to present in intelligible terms
any definite notion of how such an event could have oc-
curred; those who did not adopt some view of continuity
were content to say God willed it; but would it not be
more reverent and more philosophical to inquire by obser-
vation and experiment, and to reason from induction and
analogy as to the probabilities of such frequent miraculous
interventions? He knew he was touching on delicate
ground, and that a long time might elapsebefore that calm
inquiry after truth which it was the object of associations
like that to promote could be fully attained; but ho
trusted that the members of the British Association were
sufficiently free from prejudice, whatever their opinions
might be, to admit an inquiry into the general ques-
tion whether what we termed species were and had
been rigidly limited, and had at numerous periods
been created complete and unchangeable, or whether, in some
mode or other, they have not gradually and indefinitely .
varied, and whether the changes due to the influence of sur-
rounding circumstances, to efforts to accommodate them-
selves to surrounding changes, to what was called natural
selection, or to the necessity of yielding to superior force in
the struggle for existence, as maintained by our illustrious
countryman Darwin, had not so modified organisms as to
enable them to exist under changed conditions. The ques
tion whether among the smallest and apparently the most
elementary forms of organic life the phenomenon of spon-
taneous generation obtained had recently formed the sub-
ject of careful experiment and animated discussion in France,
and the general opinion which was arrived at was that,
when such precautions were taken as to exclude from the
substance submitted to experiment all possibility of germs
from the atmosphere being introduced, no formation of
organisms took place. The balance of experiment might,
therefore, be fairly said to be against spontaneous genera-
tion. The progressive and more highly developed forms
were, at all events, so far as the most enlarged experience
went to show, generated by reproduction. Now, to suppose
a zoophyte tho progenitor of a mammal would at first sight
appear to be an extravagant hypothesis, but the more the
gaps between species were filled up by the discovery of inter-
mediate varieties, the stronger became the argument for
transmutation, and the weaker that for successive creations
became. The former view, then, became more and more
consistent with experience, the latter more discordant front
it. Certain it was that the more we observe the more we in-
creased the subdivision of species, and, consequently, the
number of those supposed creations to which he referred ; so
that the new creations became innumerable, and yet of those

Herschel. If, he might add, the same scrutiny were ap-
plied to other parts of the heavens as to the zone between
Mars and Jupiter, it would be no far-fetched speculation to
suppose that between the asteroids or bodies of a smaller
size than what were known as the ancientpla.nots, of which
instead of seven we now counted 88, and the meteorites,
bodies of intermediate size existed until the space occupied
by our solar system became filled up with planetary bodies
varying in size from that of Jupiter-1,240 times larger in
volume than the earth—to that of a cannon ball or even a
pistol bullet. Another half century would not improbably
enable us to ascertain that the now seemingly vacantinter-
planetary spaces were occupied by smaller bodies still which
had hitherto escaped notice, just as the asteroids had done
until the time of Olhers and Piazzi. But the evidence of
continuity as pervading the universe did not stop at tele-
scopic observation ; chemistry and physical optics furnished
us with now proofs of its existence. These meteoric bodies
which had from time to time come so far within the reach
of the earth's attraction as to fall upon its surface gave on
analysis metals and oxides similar to those which belonged
to the structure of the earth. M. 'Nimble°, too, as appeared
from a series of papers which ho had recently communi-
cated to the French Academy, had succeeded in forming
from terrestrial rocks substances very much resembling
meteorites, so that a closer 'relationship, although by no
means identity, had been established between the earth and
those wanderers from remote regions. But while chemistry,
analytic and synthetic, thus assisted us in ascertaining the
relationship of our planet to meteorites, its relation in com-
position to other planets, to the sun, and to more distant
suns and systems, was demonstrated by another science—
optics. Chemical analysis by the spectrum, as well as
gravitation and physical constitution, pointed out to us
that matter had similar characteristics in other worlds
than our own ; but when we passed to the consideration
of those other attributes of matter which were now recog-
nised as forces or modes of motion, we found the evidence
of continuity still stronger. What were magnetism and
electricity ? forces so universal, so apparently connected
with matter as to be regarded as two of its invariable attri-
butes. So with light, heat, and chemical affinity; it seemed
to him—though as he had taken an active part for a quar-
ter of a century in promoting that view, he might not bo
looked upon as an impartial judge—that it was nowproved
that all those forces were so connected inter se and with
motion that they must be regarded as modifications of each
other, and as resolving themselves objectively into motion,
and subjectively into something which produced or resisted
motion, and which we called force. Ho might perhaps be
permitted to recal to the notice of the meeting a forgotten
experiment 1,1111,14
don Institution, and which appeared to bim to be important
from the consequences to be deduced from it. A train of
multiplying wheels ended with a small metallic wheel,
which, when the train was put in motion, revolved with
extreme rapidity against the periphery of the next wheel,
a wooden one. In the metallic wheel was placed a small
piece of phosphorus, and as long as the wheels revolved
the phosphorus remained unchanged, but the moment the
last wheel was stopped, by moving a small lover attached
to it, the phosphorus burst into a flame. His object was
to show that while motion of the mass was con-
tinued heat was not generated, but that when arrested,
the force continuing to operate, the motion of
the mass became heat in the particles. The ex-
periment differed from that of Romford's cannon-
boring and Davy's friction of ice, in showing that there was
no heat while the motion was unresisted, but that the heat
was in some way dependent on the motion being impeded.
We had now become so accustomed to that view that when-
ever we found motion resisted we looked upon heat, elec-
tricity, or some other force as the necessary result. If
magnetism, as it was proved to be, was connected with the
other forces or affections of matter, it must be cosmical, and
not merely terrestrial. One of the most startling sugges-
tions, he might add, as to the consequence resulting from
the dynamical theory of heat was that of Mayer, to the
effect that by the loss of vis viva occasioned by friction of
the tidal waves, as well as by their forming, as it were, a
drag upon the earth's rotatory movement, the velocity of
the earth's rotation must be gradually diminished, and
that thus, unless some undiscovered compensatory action
existed that rotation must ultimately cease, and changes
hardly calculable take place in the solar system. But our
sun, our earth, and planets were constantly radiating heat
into space; so in all probability were the other suns, the
stars, and their attendant planets. • What became of that
heat thus radiated into space ? If the universe had no
limit, and it was difficult to conceive ono, there was an in-
cessant evolution of heat and light, and yet more was given
off than was received by each cosmical body, for otherwise
night would be as bright and warm as day. What became
of the enormous force thus apparently non-recurrent in the
same form? Did it move or contribute to move suns and
planets ? We were not in a position at present to solve the
question ; but he knew of no problem in celestial dynamics
more deeply interesting, and we might be no further re-
moved from its solution than the predecessors of Newton
were from the simple dynamical relation of matter to matter
which that potent intellect had detected and demonstrated.
Passing from extra-terrestrial theories to the narrower field
of molecular physics, we found the doctrine of correlation
of forces steadily making its way. In a practical point of
view, the power of converting one mode of force into
another was of the highest importance. At a moment
when the prospective exhaustion of our coalfields
somewhat prematurely, perhaps, occupied men's minds:
there was much encouragement to be derived from the know-
ledge that we could at will produce heat by the expendi-
ture of other forces. Some experiments in electricity which
had been made by Mr. Wilde and Mr. Holz tended clearly
to show that by a mere formal disposition of matter ono
force could be converted into another, and as we might at
no very distant day need for the daily uses of mankind
heat, light, and mechanical force, and find our present re-
sources exhausted, the greater the extent to which we
could invent new modes of conversion of forces the better
the prospect we should have of supplying that want. It
wasbut a month from that time that the greatest triumph
of force conversion had been attained. The chemical action
generated by a little salt water on a few pieces of zinc now
enabled us to converse with inhabitants of the opposite
hemisphere of this planet, and " put a girdle round aboutv
the earth in forty minutes." In physiology, again,h
considerable strides wore being made by studyingtinount of
rela-
tion of organised bodies to external forces.
labour which a man had undergone
in
hours might be approximately arrivt
t.,:tken
place in his
tion of the chemical changes whiedhicabiieg the anterior ex-
body, changed forms in matteLi tbbyl°'ljaen°"aorxs a° of
n2a;-1
dealing with the subject,
ercise of dynamical force.
0 question of the food
c.,cc)pn!tbusilltythe f muscular force with
however,which
gave w m ust permanentnot
requisites fordtomppoorwaeryrfuallcytivciotny.
its
chamois an gazelle had great
that which suPisPli:dt
city for muscular exertion though their food
temporary cap'
con-
stituted tceadlivitonr: I,vere,no doubt, the most
hat and many similar classes of research
was Ver„C
showed that in chemical inquiries, as in other branches of
science, we were gradually relieving ourselves of hypothe-
tical existences, which certainly had.the advantage that
they might be varied to suit the requirements of the
theorist. The facts, also, which were made known to us
by geological inquiries, while, on the one hand, they
afforded striking evidence of continuity, might, on the
other, owing to the breaks in the record, be used as argu-
ments against it. The physical breaks in the stratification
sometimes, no doubt, rendered it next to impossible to fairly
trace the order of succession of organisms by the evidence
afforded by their fossil remains. Thus, there were nine
groat breaks in the Palaeozoic series, four iu the secondary,
and ono in the tertiary, besides those between Falco-

--
served operation of nature had we seen such a want of con-
tinuity as would bo evidenced by those frequent per saltuna
deviations from uniformity, each of which was a miracle.
The doctrine of Cuvier—overy day more and more borne out
t
by observation—that each organ bora a definite relation to
the whole of the individual, seemed to support the view of

indefinite variation. If an animal sought its food or safety
by climbing trees, its claws would become more prehensile,
the muscles which acted on those claws must become more
developed, and each portion of the frame would mould it--
self to its wants. Another series of facts which presented
an argument in favour of gradual succession were the
phases of resemblance to inferior orders which the embryo
passed through in its development, and the relations shown
in what was termed the metamorphosis of plants ; facts
difficult to be accounted for on the theory of frequent so-
parate creations, but almost inevitable on that of gradual
succession. There was, however, a difficulty in the way
of tracing a given organism to its parent form, which, from
our conventional mode of following up genealogies, was
nevei regaried in its proper light. Where were we to
look for the remote ancestor of a given form ? Each one

among them, supposing none of their progenitors to have
intermarried with relatives, would have, at about the

period of the Norman Conquest, upwards of a hundred
million direct ancestors of that generation, and if the inter-
mediate ancestors were added, double that number. Lot
any one assume that one of his ancestors at the time of
the Conquest was a Moor, another a Celt, and a third a
Laplander, and that those three were preserved while all
the others were lost, he would never recognise either of
them as his ancestor; he would only have tho ono hun-
dredth-millionth of the blood of each of them, and, as far
as they were concerned, there would be no perceptible
sign of identity of race. Tho recent discoveries in palm.
ontology showed that man existed on this planet at an
epoch far anterior to that commonly assigned to him.
The instruments connected with human remains, and
indisputably the work of human hands, proved that to
those remote periods the term civilisation could hardly be
applied. A little step-by-step reasoning would convince
the unprejudiced that what we called civilisation must
have been a gradual process. If even now habit, and
prejudice resulting therefrom, vested interests, &e., re-
tarded for some time the general application of a now in-
vention, what must have been the degree of retardation
among the comparatively uneducated beings which then ex-
isted? He had, of course, been able to indicate only a few
of the broad arguments on this most interesting subject;
for detailed results the works of Darwin, Hooker, Huxley,
Carpenter, Lyell, and others must bo examined. If ho ap-
peared to lean to the view that the successive changes in
organic beings did not take place by sudden leaps, it
swtahse'
he believed, from no want of impartial feeling. e
most convincing argument in favour of continbruoit7:3l3vhich
could be presented to a doubting mind would r
saihounact
diffi-
culty it would feel representing toitschlfmanay
at beholding an
of nature. Who would not be
oak tree spring up in a day, and not from seed or shoot ?
was a law of nature,
If we were satisfied that continuity
power,Y then, though we
the true expression of Almightyina
bih to explain why matter
might humbly confess.our
gradual tendency to structural for-
was impressed with g
mation, should. cethasjso to look for special interventions of
changes which were difficult to under-
creative power '".
being removed from us in time, their con-
comitants
stand, becauso,
lost ; we should endeavour from their relics
to wore
to evoke their history, and when we found a gap not try
to bridge it over with a miracle. Philosophy ought to have
no likes or dislikes, truth was her only aim; but if a glow of
admiration were permitted to a physical inquirer, to his
mind a far more exquisite sense of the beautiful was con-
veyed by the orderly do velopfnent, by the necessary inter-
relation and inter-action of each element of the cosmos,
and by the conviction that a bullet falling to the ground
changes the dynamical conditions of the universe, than
could be conveyed by mysteries, by convulsions, or by
cataclysms. But the doctrine of continuity was not solely
applicable to physical inquiries. Tho same modes of
thought which led us to see continuity in the field of the
microscope as in the universe, in infinity downwards as in
infinity upwards, would lead us to see it in the history of
our own race. By patient investigation how much had wo
learnt which the most civilised of ancient human races ig-
nored ! But how much more might we not expect to know ?
They assembled, ephemera as they were, had learnt by trans-
mitted labour to weigh as in a balance other worlds larger
and heavier than their own, to know the length of their
days and years, to measure their enormous distance from
the earth and from each other, to detect and accurately as-
certain the influence they had on the movements of our
world and on each other, and to discover the substance of
which they were composed ; might they not hope that simi-
lar methods of research to those which had taught them so
much might give our race further information until pro-
blems relating not only to remote worlds, but possibly to
organic and sentient beings which may inhabit them, pro-
blems which it might now seem wildly visionary to enun-
ciate, might bo solved by progressive improvements in the
modes of applying observation and experiment, induction
and deduction ?