The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-22 00:00:00

OLD COURT.
William Cae, a person of respectable appearanee,
surrendered t o take his trial for the manslaughter

bay.
The Dutch describe Oshoka as a more attractive
resort even than Yedo. While this latter city maybe
regarded as the London of Japan, Ohosaka seems to
be its Paris. Here are the most celebrated theatres,
the most sumptuous tea houses, the most extensive
pleasure-gardens. It is the abode of luxury and
wealth, the favourite resort of fashionable Japanese
who come here to spend their time in gaiety and
pleasure. Ohosaka is one of the five Imperial cities,
and contains a vast population. It is situate on the
left bank of the Jedogawa, a stream which rises in
the Lake of 0 y, situate a day and a half's journey
in the interior. It is navigable for boats of large
tonnage as far as Miaco, and is spanned by nume-
rous handsome bridges.
The port of Hiago and city of Osaca will not be
opened to Europeans until the Ist of Jan. 1863.
The foreign residents will then be allowed to ex-
plore the country in any direction, for a distance of
25 miles, except towards Miaco, or, as it is more
properly called, Kioto. They will not be allowed
to approach nearer than 2t miles to this far-famed
city.
As the Dutch have constantly been in the habit
of passing through Kioto, it is probable that be-
fo: 9 very long this restriction will be removed, and
Europeans will be permitted to visit what is, with-
out question, the most interesting spot in the em-
pire. If Yedo is the London, and Ohosaka the
Paris, Kioto is certainly the Rome of Japan. It is
here that the spiritual Emperor resides, and that
enormous ecclesiastical court by which he is sur-
rounde3, and which is called the Dairie, is perma-
nently fixed. It is here that the celebrated tomb
of the Great Sayco Senea, the most famous of Japa-
nese temporal Emperors, is situated ; and here are
to be seen the most magnificent and imposing tern-
ples of which the empire can boast. The popula-
tion of Kioto is said to be half a million, and it has
had the reputation of being the principal manufac-
turing town in the empire. It is situated as nearly
as possible in the centre of Dai Nipon, the largest
and most important island in the Japanese group,
and which now demands a brief descriptive notice.
According to Kampfer, its length. measured along
the middle of the island exceeds nine hundred
miles, and its average width may be estimated at
more than 100 miles—its surface may, therefore,
cover an area of about 100,000 square miles. It is
traversed in the whole length by a chain almost of
a uniform elevation, and in many places crowned
with peaks covered with perpetual snow. The chain
divides the streams which flow to the south and
east, and which fall into the Pacific Ocean, from
those which pursue a northerly course to the sea
of Japan. Very many of them are volcanic—among
the most important of these is the celebrated F usy a-
nuner, the highest mountain in Japan. Its eleva-
tion is estimated at about 11,000 feet above the sea
level ; it has been quiescent for upwards of a cen-
tury ; its summit was sheathed with snow when we
saw it at midsummer. The volcano of Pries, si-
tuated on an island under which we passed, was in
action. Nipon is divided into upwards of 50 se-
parate provinces, and contains the capital city of
the Empire, Yedo. The first point in it at which
we touched was the port of Simoda, situated on the
promontory of Idsu, and opened to foreign trade by
Commodore Perry in 1852.
As this port is under the new treaty to be closed
to foreigners, it is scarcely necessary to allude to it.
At no time favourably situated for trade, and under
all circumstances a dangerous harbour, anchorage
was totally destroyed by an earthquake, which took
place in December, 1854. Placed at the extreme
end of a mountainous promontory, to pass from
which into the interior of the island it is necessary
to cross a mountain range of 6,000 feet high, and
inhabited by a poor population of fishermen, Si-
moda can never offer attraction to the merchant, or
give us cause to regret that it is no longer avail-
able for commercial purposes. The promontory of
Idsu forms the eastern shore of the Bay of Yed.
The distance fro l. Simoda to that city is about 80
miles. At I:raga the opposite shores approach to
within ten miles of each other, and the straits which
are thus formed afford scenery of much picturesque
beauty.
a ge
ew
withinport
Eightmiles fYedo,
Eighteen from and situated
inn a curvature of the westeru shore, lies the
ofhlialfanaagna.iil'ea, affftoircelindnsdecutc'ennanneechtoeld.-
with Yedo by an excellentando pt:acticable for
wheeled vehicles, containing a considerable
population already, xana,,,,wapossesses many
advantages as a focus of trade.e As, however, we
did not land here, I will not venture to describe it
further, the more especially as it has now been open
to Europeans for upwards of two months, and we
fShallrnm somedoubtless
o ft h
eere longpioneers
of commercial have
co
m iala full account of it
enterprise
who have already gone to establish themselves

towards Yedo, the Logos river, distant about 10
miles from this city, is their limit in that direction.
Fortunately, no such restriction applied to us,
and we were enabled, during a residence of 10 days
in that most interesting capital, to acquire some in-
formation with reference to the manners and cus-
toms of the singular race who inhabit it, of their
mode of government, and of the resources of the
country generally.
Situated at the head of a bay, or rather gulf, so
extensive that the opposite shores are not visible to
each other, Yedo spreads itself in a continuous
line of houses along its partially undulating, par-
tially level margin, for a distance of about 10 miles.
Including suburbs, at its greatest width it is pro-
bably about seven miles across, but for a portion of
the distance it narrows to a mere strip of houses.
Any rough ealculation of the population of so vast
a city must necessarily be vague and uncertain ;
but, after some experience of Chinese cities, two
millions does not seem too high an estimate at
which to place Yedo.
In consequence of the great extent of the area oc-
cupied by the residences of the princes, there are
quarters of the town in which the inhabitants are
very sparse. The citadel, or residence of the tem-
poral emperor, cannot be less than five or six miles
in circumference, and yet it only contains about
40,000 souls. On the other hand, there are parts
of the city in which the inhabitants seem almost as
closely packed as they are in Chinese towns.
The streets are broad and admirably drained ;
some of them are lined with peach and plum trees,
and, when these are in blossom, must present a gay
and lively appearance. Those which traverse the
Princes' quarter are for the most part as quiet and
deserted as aristocratic thoroughfares generally
are. Those which pass through the commercial and
manufacturing quarters are densely crowded with
passengers on foot, in chairs, and on horseback,
while occasionally, but not often, an ox waggon
rumbles and creaks along. The houses are only of
two stories, sometimes built of freestone, sometimes
sunburnt brick, and sometimes of wood; the roofs
are either tiles or shingles. The shops are com-
pletely open to the street ; some of these are very
extensive ; the show rooms for the more expensive
fabrics being upstairs as with us. The eastern part
of the city is built upon a level plain, watered by the
Toda Gawa, which flows through this section of the
town, and supplies with water the large moats
which surround the citadel. It is spanned by the
Nipon ; has a wooden bridge of enormous length,
celebrated as the Hyde-park-corner of Japan, as
from it all distances throughout the empire are
measured. Towards the western quarter of the city
the country becomes more broken, swelling hills
rise above the housetops richly clothed with foliage,
from out the waving masses of which appear the up-
turned gables of a temple, or the many roofs of a
pagoda.
It will be some satisfaction to foreigners to know
that they are not to be excluded for ever from this
most interesting city. By the treaty concluded in it
by Lord Elgin, on the Ist of January, 1862, British
subjects shall be allowed to reside there, and it is
not improbable that a great portion of the trade
may ultimately be transferred to it from Ranagawa.
There is plenty of water, and a good anchorage at
a distance of about a mile and a half from the west-
ern suburb of Linagawa.
The only other port which has been opened by
the late treaty in the Island of Nipon is the Port of
Nee-e-gata situated upon its western coast. As this
port has never yet been visited by Europeans, it is
stipulated that if it be found inconvenient as a har-
bour, another shall be substituted for it, to be
opened on the Ist of January, 1860.
It will thus be seen that we have one port in
Kinisin, Nagasaki, three in Nipon, Hiogo, Kana-
jann, and Nee-e-gata. In the remaing large island
of the Japanese group—viz.:—Yesso, we have se-
mired Hakodadi. It was opened to foreign trade
on the Ist of last July. Our ships of war have re-
cently visited Hakodadi frequently. It is described
as a beautiful spot, situated in a country resembling
England in its climate, productions, and natural
features. The men of Yesso are estimated at some-
what less than that of Zeland.
The limits of this paper will not, nnfortunately,
admit of my adverting, at any length, to the singu-
lar political and social institutions of this most re-
markable people—otherwise, it might have been in-
teresting to have described the spiritual Emperor
passing a sub-celestial existence at Miaco,reminded
only of his humanity by twelve wives, who are not
spiritual ; and the temporal Emperor, confined
within the massive walls of his handsome palace,
little better than a state prisoner. We cannot now
speculate upon the power and influence wielded by
the council of state, composed of five feudal nobles,
or discuss the share which an ancient and powerful
aristocracy possess in the administration of public
affairs. That most striking feature in the social
government of Japan, which consists of an elabo-
rate system of espionage, exercised alike upon prince
and beggar, and retaining all within the thraldom
of its iron grasp, would. be a fertile theme for a pa-
per in itself; while the celebrated Hara Kiri, or
happy despatch, already so familiar to all that it is
scarcely necessary to allude to it as the resource
alike of the unsuccessful politician, the detected
criminal, or the injured member of society. It may
not, however, be so well known that the old prac-
tice of ripping open the abdomen has been extin-
guished in favour of a less disgusting method of
immolation, by which the duty of terminating the
existence of the victim falls, not upon himself, but
upon his friend, avh) decapitates him in the pre-
sence of his family and friends.
Still less can we now venture upon a discussion
of the various creeds which obtain in Japan, of the
old national religions of the empire, known as the
Sinsyn religion or faith of the gods, or of the ex-
tent to which it has become modified by those more
recently introduced dogmas of Bhuddism (now a
faith widely diffused throughout the empire), or of
the influence exercised upon both by the more Con-
fucian tenets practised by those who follow Suitoo,
or the way of the philosophers.
Those digressions into tea houses, with all their
elaborate arrangements, so agreeable to us at the
time, must be denied to us here. Nor can we now
descant upon the clean habits of the people, or the
mode in which their ablutions are performed, from
the descriptions of them which have already ap-
peared. However, a most erroneous conclusion seems
to have been drawn by the British public as to the
character of the Japanese for moral purity. What-
ever be their other virtues, and they are richly en-
dowed with them, they are certainly not gifted in
this respect. It would, indeed, be an agreeable task;
did time allow, to pay a tribute to the national cha-
racter of this most attractive people, and to enume-
rate those qualities which have given them so high
a place among the nations of the East for civilisation
and good government. We have, however, here
rather to do with the topographical features of the
country than with the social or political characte-
ristics of the inhabitants.
Having, then, enumerated and briefly discussed,
so far as our limited information will admit, the
five ports of Japan recently opened by treaty to the
commerce and enterprise of the west, it may not be
uninteresting to glance at the probable nature and
extent of that commerce which is likely to spring
at them.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] Mr. Benson, Ludgate-hill, has
just published a new illustrated pamphlet on watches (free
by post for two stamps). It should be read by all who arc
about buying a watch, as it contains prices and important
information as to—What watch to buy where to buy it
and how to use i t 1
[Anvp,irrisEmENT.]-llolloway's Pills and Ointment.
—Debility.—Consumption.—ln no diseases are the results
of the alterative and tonic influence of these invaluable re-
medies more apparent or more gratifying than in that feeble
condition of the body which precedes consumption. A
change for the better is observed ere this treatment has been
followed for a weok, and the improvement steadily pro•
gresses ; the melancholy emaciation soon gives place to
health, strength, and cheerfulness. The appetite returns,
the perspirations diminish, the shortness of breath ceases,
and the incessant cough soon vanishes altogether. The
Ointment should be rubbed most effectually between the
shoulders, on the chest and left side. Two Pills should be
taken nightly, the arr should be sought, solids eaten; slops
avoided.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—Du Barry's delicious Revalenta
Arabica Food saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, and
cures indigestion (dyspepsia), habitual constipation, ner-
vousness, biliousness, and liver complaints, flatulency, dis-
tension, acidity, heartburn, palpitation, nervous headaches,
hysteria, neuralgia, noises in the head and ears, pains in
the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipe-
las, eruptions of the skin, impurities and poverty of the
blood, scrofula, cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheu-
matism, gout ; nausea and sickness during pregnancy,
aftear eating, or at sea; low spirits, spasms, cramps, epi-
leptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquietude, sleeplessness,
irritability, paralysis, tremors, dislike to society, unfitness
for study, loss of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the
head, exhaustion, melancholy, groundless fear, indecision,
wretchedness. It is, moreover, the best food for infants
and invalids generally, as it never turns acid on the
weakest stomach, nor interferes with a good liberal
diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and
dinner, and restores the faculty' of digestion, and ner-
vous and muscular energy to the most enfeebled.
Packed with full instructions, in canisters, 11b.i 2s. 9d. ;
21b., 4s. 6d. ; 121 b., 225. Super refined quality, 10Ib., 335.
Also Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Chocolate Powder,
contains the greatest amount of easily assimilated nourish-
ment for strengthening delicate persons, children and in-
fants of weak stomach, chest, or nerves, and at 3d. per
Inca!, affords a delicious breakfast, lunch, or supper:. It is
the best dietetic hoincepathic preparation, and may be
eaten either alone or mixed with Du Barry's Revalenta
Arabica Food. Admirably adapted to. rear infants with.
In tins, at ls. 6d. ; lib., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125.; 121 b..
265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly ; Abbis, 60,
Gracechurch-street ; 4, Ch, apside ; 63, and 1 05, Oxford-
street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgato.
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin,
Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, Refines and Co.,
at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew ; at Manchester, Sharp and
Scott; at York, Raimes, Blanchard, and Co.; at South-
ampton, Randall and Son. •

of Betsy Pool .
Mr. Horry conducted the prosecution. The pri-
soner had no ( ;counsel.
It appeared that the deceased was the wife of an
engine-driver,. and that being in the family way,
the prisoner, who it seems is not a regular medical
practitioner, 1)c it who it appeared described himself
as a " surgecl i accoucheur," was called upon to
attend her du: ring her confinement, and it was
alleged that, o 1 ving to the want of skill and negli-
gence of the prisoner, the deceased lost her life. An
infant, it appeo red, was brought into the world,
and was still •a]live, but the mother died very soon
se
after the deliNry, the immediate cause of the death
being excessi' re hemorrhage. A good many of the
details were, of .course, of a nature that render them
unfit for publict ttion, but the case for the prosecu-
tion appeared to be a very slight one.
The prisoner, who appeared to be a good deal
affected, address ad the jury at considerable length,
and he declared that he had done everything he
could to save the life of the deceased, but the labour,
he said, was a very protracted and painful one, and
became very difficult to bring to a termination, on
ac:ount of the peculiar condition of the deceased.
Ile declared that all the proceedings he adopted
wore in accordance with the opinions of the most
eminent medical practitioners ; and concluded by
asserting that he had done everything possible for
the deceased, and that he was in nowise responsi-
ble for the fatal result that had taken place.
The learned Judge having summed up the case,
the jury almost immediately returned a verdict of
Not Guilty.
There was an attempt at applause when the ver-
dict was pronounced, but it was checked by the
officers of the court.
Mr. Sleigh made an application to the court to
postpone the trial of George Frederick Royal,
who is charged with poisoning a woman with whom
he cohabited at Poplar, to the next session. He
said that he had only very recently been instructed
to defend the prisoner, and he had just been in-
formed that additional evidence to that which had
been given before the magistrate would be pro-
duced at the trial, and he was most anxious to have
an opportunity of considering the effect of this
additional testimony, and if he should consider it
advisable to produce evidence to rebut it, that he
should have an opportunity of doing so.
Mr. Justice Byles inquired if the application was
opposed on behalf of the Crown ?
Mr. Clerk said that he had been in consultation
upon the case with the Solicitor-General, who
would conduct the prosecution, and he had his
authority for stating that he considered in such a
grave and important case it was only reasonable
that the application for a postponement of the trial
should be acceded to.
The learned Judge said he thought it would be
very hard that a man should be tried for his life
without being made acquainted with the whole
of the evidence that was to be brought forward
against him, and he should therefore, under the cir-
cumstances, direct the trial to be postponed to the
next session.
Henry Ford, 20, was charged with feloniously
stabbing and wounding Sarah Thompson, with in-
tent to murder her.
In a second count, the intent of the prisoner was
laid to be to do grievous bodily harm.
Mr. Orridge prosecuted.
It appeared that the prisoner and the proseeutrix
had lived together for 18 months, but she had left
him and had sold some articles of furniture that
belonged to the prisoner. On the night named in
the indictment the prosecutrix had been to the
Britannia Theatre with another young woman, and
as they were returning home the prisoner, who was
intoxicated, met them, and he asked the prosecutrix
to go and live with him again. She refused to do
so, and made use of some aggravating language to
the prisoner, and he suddenly attacked her and
stabbed her in several places with a small penknife,
but did not inflict very serious injury upon her.
The jury found the prisoner guilty of wounding
with intent to do grievous bodily harm, and he
was sentenced to four years penal servitude.
Just before the rising of the Court the lad Good-
fellow was again placed at the bar, and the learned
judge said he had been informed that it was neces-
sary to pass a longer sentence of imprisonment to
ensure his being placed in a proper reformatory,
and ho should, therefore, order him to lie im-
prisoned for six weeks in Newgate, and then be
sent to a reformatory for five years.
NEW COURT.
(Before Mr. Justice Hill.)
William Angus, 42, mason, was indicted for steal.
ing 108 reels of silk, 129 balls of silk, and 29 bales
of silk, valued at £450, the property of Joseph Surr.
Mr. Robinson prosecuted, and Mr. Ribton de-
fended.

From the evidence it appeared that the prosecu-
tor is a silk merchant, having warehouses at 12,
King-street, Cheapside, and at the time of the rob-
bery, the 20th of August, the premises adjoining
those of the prosecutor were undergoing repair, and
it was from there the premises were entered and
plundered, and from the manner in which the place
was ransacked it was evident that the thieves had
been in the premises for many hours. Upon the
morning of the 20th, shortly after six, the prisoner
was seen at the door of the prosecutor's premises
with a cart, and he had also been seen upon the day
before the robbery_ examining the premises adjoin-
ing the prosecutor's, which were undergoing altera-
tions. Upon the burglary being discovered, infor-
mation was given to the police, and it being sub-
sequently ascertained that the silk was being
offered for sale, a gentleman named Loveridge,
a friend of the prosecutor, entered into commu-
nication with the party who had to negotiate
the sale, and agreed to become a buyer,
thinking thereby to discover where it
was. Accordingly an appointment was made,
and Funnell, one of the City detectives, was to
follow Mr. Loveridge to the place upon the Ist of
this month ; they went to the Eastern Counties
Railway station,tas taken where Mr. Mr. Loveridge met the pri-
soner, and v by him to Nichols-street,
Spitalfields, when the property being found, the
constables were called, and the prisoner taken into
custody. In the place was found a jemmy, which
was subsequently found to fit into some marks
made by breaking into the prosecutor's premises.
On the road to the station in a cab the prisoner
became very violent, and a very large life preserver
was taken from him, which he said he would use
on the man who had sold him, and that he would
cut his own throat rather than split.
The defence set up by the learned counsel was
that the proof of the silk found being that stolen
from the prosecutor was -insufficient.
The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the
learned judge sentenced the prisoner to 15 years'
penal servitude.
THIRD COURT.
(Before the Recorder.)
This morning, upon the application of Mr. Met-
calfe, the trial of the other indictments against
Alfred Cooper, the parochial and Government tax
collector for the parish of Camberwell, who was
last night acquitted upon two charges of embezzle-
ment, was postponeduntil next session, and the de-
fendant liberated on bail.
Thomas Carline, 30, soldier, whose breast was
decorated with medals and clasps, pleaded guilty
to an indictment for bigamy.
Sarah Lowe, the second wife, a respectably-
dressed woman, said that she had been married to
the prisoner about six years, and had no idea that
he was a married man until last August, when,
finding it out, she gave him into custody.
The prisoner said that the first wife had left him
for another man, and had told him to get married
aga:n, as she meant to do so.
He was sentenced to twelve months' imprison-
ment .
Ilrnry Findon, 32, coachman, was indicted for
obtaining, by false pretences, from Peter Waslcy,
saddle, valued at £lO.
Mr. T. Salter prosecuted.
The p:isoner had been coachman to Lord John
Manners, and being known as his servant to the
prosecutor, who is a saddle maker, in South Aud-
ley-street, had gone there and obtained the saddle
in question, stating that it was for his master, and
finally sold it for three sovereigns, to pay, as he
stated to the constable, a bet.
Lord John Manners, who was examined, stated
that he hail never given the prisoner any autho-
rity to order the saddle.
The jury found the prisoner guilty.
The prisoner, who cried very much during the
trial, appealed for mercy, on the ground of his pre-
vious character; he had been one of the Queen's
grooms, but was dismissed when Lord Jersey be-
came Master of the Horsl. Ile had also been in
sei vice in several very high families.
The prisoner having pleaded guilty to an indict-
ment for bigamy,
The Recorder asked if the second wife was pre-

sent.
An extremely pretty young woman, nametl Har-
riett Goddard, said that she had been married a
few months to the prisoner, who told her he was a
widoNN er.
Mr. Saitor said that prisoner had obtained, by a
false pretence, £5 from Mr. Wasley.
The M.:corder sentenced the prisoner to 18 months'
imprisonment and hard labour.
Mungo Wm. Panmier, 63, clerk, was indicted for
forging an order for the sum of £3l 16s. Bd.
Mr. Poland appeared for the prosecution, and
stated that the prisoner had been engaged as an
evening teacher at the parish school of St. Ann's,