The Sun.
London, England, 1866-05-09 00:00:00

.he average, 2.680.

These results confirm the con-

elusion that there were other destructive causes at
work beiides unfavourable states of the weather—

hat the diseases above mentioned, which commit so

much havoc in towns, were still more extensively
fatal, and only acquired additionalvigour from influ-

elves peculiar to the season.
The death-rate was higher in Cheshire and Lan-
cashire than in any other of the 11 divisions ; it was
3.384 per cent. In Yorkshire it was 2.960 ;in Lon-
don it was 2.666 ; in the west midland counties 2.65 I;
in the northern counties (Durham, Northumberland,
&c.), 2.443. It was lowest in the south-eastern
counties, where it was 2185.

If the map of England were shaded to represent
the rates of mortality of last quarter in the registra-
tion districts, the eye, travelling from the lighter
south to the darker north, would be instantly drawn
to a spot of portentous darkness on the Mersey ; and
the question would be asked whether cholera, the
black death, or other plague, imported with bales of
merchandise, had been lately introduced into its busy
and populous seaport. Happily this has not been the

case ; but fever, probably developed or aided by the
mild and damp atmosphere of the season, and by

overcrowding in an increasing population, has been

busy and fatal in Liverpool, and in other towns of the
same county, and of Yorkshire. The annual mor-
tality of theborough of Liverpool in the threemonths
was excessive, and demands immediate and earnest

consideration; it arose to 4.593 per cent. This im-

plies that if this death-rate were rnaintainedfor a year
16 persons out of 1,000 in the population would die

in that time, or 15 more than died in Glasgow, its

northern rival, 19'more than in London. The mor-

tality in , the city of Manchester, though far less

than that of Liverpool, was higher than in any
other of the 13 selected towns of the United King-
dom; it was 3.742 per cent., and that of Leeds was
hardly less. The following numbers of deaths
registered in a few districts in three corresponding
quarters, make the recent increase sufficiently ap-
parent :--

Mall.B.c6h4.Qr. MarchiB6_ Qr. March Qr.
3 7 0
509. 18 6 6
3,526.
8,013 :
22 :
6218
735:562
West Derby
. ManchesterACßh:c: Liverpoollothinn . 2,047 2,628
1,393 1,196 1,506
2,324 2,496
Oldham
859 1,110
Leeds
ie'olBlBoward-st99r642elet' sub-district
of Liverpoolrepor
The Registrar of th
tia m
s33deaths from typhus out of 330
from all causes ;
and
ytoce St.
Thomasedfrom bronchitis.
and whooping-
cough. In h
trict of the same town 28 were from typhus ou-toi
311;__ and pulmonary diseases were fatal. In the
Mount Pleasant sub-district, in which the work-
house is situated, out of a total number of 1,05
deaths, 215 were caused by typhus, 112 by brono -
. chitis, 143 by phthiais, 26 by whoopingcough, 23
by measles, 19 by scarlatina. The Registrar of the
Islington sub-district of Liverpool believes that
overcrowding is among the causes of a high mor-
tality. At NVarring,ton there were 287 deaths, and
no less than 94 of these were from measles. Typhus
5 diedin.
has been for some time very fatal in Manchester ; it
is stated by tho Registrar of Deansgate that in th
during
North Leeds, in
qUarter ending December 31, 1865, not less that:e
1,530 persons were attacked by continued fever .
79 were returned as
Manchester and its suburbs, and of these 15
and the disease has continued to prevail
fever. It prevailed 'also fatally in
last quarter. In the sub-district of the
a total mortality of 570 deaths
caused by
castle-on-Tyne. Y .New-

THE FATAL EXPLOSION AT (TARS DOD. COLLIERY
—THREE MORE DEATHS.—The number of • deaths from
this terrible accident at Garswood Colliery, near St. Helen's,
has 1:30w mounted:to eleven---three more of the injuredmel?,
hayingexpired Ainee theii r6lease from the pit.

followingetothe
Au
et ris toh ed ce
so
prTai pt
el eht eo
ftext o2f
6t
thhe Pinofr s
Aprail
replyTh
relative to the armaments of both countries :
,
" BERLIN, April 30.
" Count Rarolyi communicated t
o me on the 28th
inst. the reply, of which a copy is annexed, of his
Government to the despatch which I addressed to
your Excellency on the 21st inst. I cannot, I regret
to say, conceal from your Excellency the fact that
we had expected a manifestation of a different cha-
racter. As I then stated, by his
Majesty's com-
mand, we had expected to receive more ' precise com-
munications as to the extent and the periods at
which the reduction of the Austrian army would be
carried out, in order that we might make corres-
ponding disarmaments with those of Austria ; and
we did so on the assumption that the Imperial
Cabinet, like ourselves, had in view a return to a
complete state of peace.
" The Imperial Cabinet seems to have satisfied
itself that the apprehensions of offensive measures on
the part of Prussia, which formed the motives of
the Austrian armaments, were unfounded. We are
therefore the more surprised when the Imperial
Cabinet does not now think itself able to fulfil the
proposals of disarmaments made upon the 18th inst.,
and readily accepted by his Majesty the King, but
materially modifies those proposals in many respects.
In his despatch of the 18th Count Mensdorff first
held out the prospect that Austria would take the
initiative in disarmament as she had done in arma-
ment. This concession seems to be called in ques-
tion again by the text of the despatch of the 26th,
which demands simultaneous disarmament. Sub-
sequently we acceded to the proposal of the Im-
perial Government that, to use its own words, the
Emperor would at once give orders to counter-
movement required by preparation for
warAllanst Prussia, and to slop the measure
con-
nected therewith.'
"As the Imperial Government itself admitted
these movements had extended in the form of an
approach of bodies of troops to the north-western
frontier of Austria
over the greater part of the
Empire, and we were, therefore• •
, justified in assuming
according to the proposal of the In •
Iperial Govern-
ment, that the intended resto * ration of the normal
status quo ante would extend to the whole of those
movements required by the war footing. Instead of
this the latest declaration of the Im • • penal Govern-
ment limits the disarmament, of which
a prospect, exclusively to the withdrawal of the
troops sent to Bohemia to reinforce the garrisons
there stationed, which, by the statement of the
perial Government, amount to ten battalions of in..
fantry. As regards the remaining provinces, the
despatch does not even mention Silesia, Moravia,
and Western Galicia, which border Prussia, and in
which it is notorious that a large number of cavalry
regiments summoned from remote parts of the
country are stationed. While the Imperial Govern-.
ment considers the measure affecting Bohemia alone
to present a full equivalent for the return of Prussia
to a peace footing, it further plainly expresses its
intention to undertake in the remaining parts of the
Empire such considerable movements of troops
and calling out of furlough men' as may be requisite
to place the Emperor's Italian army' upon a war
footing. It has been ascertained from the most re-
liable quarters that purchases of horses are taking
place for this latter purpose upon an extended scale
throughout the Monarchy. The strength the Im-
perial Government may accordingly intend to give
the army upon a war footing to be stationed in the
other parts of the Monarchy, and also perhaps in the
other provinces adjoining Prussia, except in Bohe-
mia, will, of course, depend solely upon the judg-
nient of the Imperial Government'and upon the im-
portance it attaches to the danger of attack by
which it believes itself threatened.

" The Austrian Government thus demands that
Prussia shall countermand her, in themselves, mo-
dest defensive armaments which have remained
unchanged since the 28th of March, while
Austria certainly withdraws her reinforce-
ments of garrisons from Bohemia, but extends and
hastens her armaments for. the establishment of an
army on a war footing. I cannot conceal from your
Excellency that after the exchange of mutual de-
clarations upon the 18th and 21st, hailed by us anl
by Europe as a guarantee of peace, we were not
prepared for this demand. li, justification of the
altered attitude it takes up in the despatch of the
26th the Imperial Government adduces the intel-
ligence it has received from Italy. According to this
the army of King Victor Emmanuel is said to have
been placed upon a war footing to proceed to an
attack upon Venetia. The information which has
reached us direct from Italy, and that we have
received through the medium of other Courts, coin-
cide in stating that armaments of a threatening
character against Austria have not taken place in
Italy, and confirm us in the conviction that an un-
provoked attack upon the Empire is far distant
from the intentions of the Cabinet of Florence. If
in the meantime and recently military preparations

may have commenced in Italy, these, as well as the

measures adopted by us upon the 28th of March,
may probably be regarded as the consequence of the
armaments begun by Austria. We are persuaded
that the Italian armaments would be as readily dis-
continued as our own, provided the causes through
which they have been occasioned ceased.

" In the interest of the preservation of peace, and
the cessation of the pressure which at present weighs
upon the relations of politics and trade, we there-

•
fore again request the Imperial Government to ad-

here without wavering to the programme it laid

down itself in its despatch of the lath, and which
his Majesty the King accepted without delay in the
most conciliatory sense, and as a mark of his per-

sonal confidence in his Majesty the Emperor. In

execution of the same we should expect—first, that
_ _ _ _

all the troops sent to Bohemia, Moravia, Cracow,
and Austrian Silesia since the middle of March

should not only return to their former garrisons,
but also that all bodies of troops stationed in those
provinces should be replaced upon the former peace
footing. We await a speedy authentic communi-
cation as to the execution of these measures—i.e., of
the restoration of the status quo ante, as the term of
of the 25th of April, fixed by the Imperial Govern-
ment itself, for the return to a peace footing of the
troops assembled against our frontiers has long since
expired. We hope that the Imperial Government
will at once by further inquiry arrive at the conriu-
tion that its intelligence as to the aggressive
wl.t en h pro-
ceed to the effective restoration of a peace
inten-
tions of Italy was unfounded, that it
footing
throughout the Imperial army,
his lNand thereby enable
lajesty's satisfac-
tion. So long as this cote
us to take the same step to
se_
in our opinion the
had imagined al-
ready parties—is not adopted, it
only correct one, and
theo Ding's Government to look
forward to the
is impracticable for
immediate
future, in which import-
ant and pregnant
acceptedby both parties not adopted, it
is impracticab for the ing's Government to look
forward to the immediate future, in which import
ant and pregnant negnegotiationscoarse--in
impend with the Im-
perialernmentheKing's otherwise
G
thaonvewrnimthentthecaesnntuo-t
equilibrium, in the preparations of both
blislnn e Government
°f egu
Powers for war. The
expect a successful result from negotiations carried
state
nbetween one party armed, and the other in a
of perfect disarmament.

,4 In this sense it regrets exceedingly
that
perial Government has not been
willing
th theassent
to our proposal to request the other Federal Govern-
ments to suspend their military arrangements, the
actual existence of which cannot be denied even by
the respective Governments themselves. The King's
Government, for its part, has not shrunk from ad-
dressing the necessary summons to the Saxon Go-
vernment, whose armaments are furthest advanced ;
but the success of this appeal, and therewith the in-
terests of peace, might be regarded as more
certain
if the Imperial Austrian Government had been able
this despatch
" I request your Excellencyd ttoo readisave
with him a
to resolve upon a similar proceeding.to the Austrian Minister, an
64 VON BISMARK."
copy of the same.

•
&TILLERS' RACE.—A smilers' match came off
yesterday between David Brown and John Mann, both
members of the Vauxhall Club. The stake was £lO a side
s.
—distance from Mortlake to Putney, but the race turned
out to be rather a hollow affair. Brown got tho toss for
station, and took the Middlesex shore.
He then went
with the load, keptand wen by 130 yards. it,