The Sun.
London, England, 1859-03-19 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sut,—ln one of your leading articles of this
evening's date I find the following paragraph, viz. :
—" There may be, there undoubtedly is, more
apparent economy in the State expenditure,
year by year, in the Great North American re-
public. There, our brethren in the United States,
are without the incubus of ou'r almost overwhelm-
ing civil list. They are without the stupendous
burthen of a national debt, amounting to the fright-
ful aggregate of £800,000,000. They are not
drained of annual taxes (as we were during this
last year 1858) to the tune of £63,000,000. They
are without the necessity of keeping up an army of
200,000 ; they arc without the trammels of red
tape," &c. , To any one who has been a
resident in the United States for a length
of time, this diatribe against England in
favour of the model Republic must appear most
strange. .

Asa nation the public burthens are light, and
yet the people are more heavily taxed and
more deeply involved in debt,_ than England
or the English. During the past seven years
the City of New York, alone, has been taxed
to the amount of 38,000,000 dols., of which no ac-
count has been rendered beyond 18,000,000
dols. The railroad debt of the United States
aniounts to nearly 1,200,000,000 dols., the
different State debts, for which sectional
portions of the States are responsible, to nearly
another 1,000,000,000 dols. Instead of 200,000 men
being kept under arms in the United States, there are
more than 600,000 men kept constantly in a
state of military efficiency. These are not kept in
a state of efficiency without cost, and if they are
not mismanaged through red tapeism, they are
through the selfishness and folly of low demagogues.
As you justly observe, " the Americans have plenty
of Know-nothings, and by no means a multiplicity of
do nothings—there are too manymischief-makers and
destructives, who leave behind them traces of their
handiwork—there is too much to be deplored to
say they do nothing." _ _ .

JOHNNY RAW.

Westminster, March 17.

The Nord says that the cabinet of Turin has sent
to Paris a memoir in which it exposes all the aggressive
acts of Austria for some months past.

At Turin the editor of the Savoy Gazette has been
sentenced to three months' imprisonment and a fine of
15,000 fr. for a libel upon the Marquis Costa de Beauregard
and the Count de Very, on the occasion of their speeches in
favour of the loan of 50 millions.

A Paris letter in the Nord mentions a report that
Prussia and England have resolved on ratifying in the c_
the double electiim of Colonel Co-Liza.
The editor of the Delhi Gazette mentions that one
year has elapsed since he returned to rebuild his establish-
pleat, which was totally destroyed in the mutinies. Within
that time he has reorganised the press, re-established his
paper, and obtained for it a circulation higher than it has
ever reached before.

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS.--At a special
general meeting of this institute on the 14th instant, a peti-
tion to Parliament, praying that members of the institute
should be entitled to vote, as such, foi members of Parlia-
ment, was agreed upon, and Mr. Tite undertook to present
it.—The Builder.

THE LARGEST rEE ON RECORD.—The Medical
Times says :=-Scanzoni, of Wurtzburg, attended the Em-
press of Russia' in her last confinement, and received for his
services £5,000.
THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION MEETING AT ABER-
DEEN.—The amount contributed to defray local expenses
connected with the British Association's meeting at Aber-
deen in the autumn is now upwards of £1,400.
A committee of the. Law Amendment Society is
now engaged in considering the Lord Chancellor's bill and
Lord John RuSsell's bill, and will report on the subject in
a short time. .

e( Cheltenham Examiner) understand that Mr.
C. J. Monk, who .had been named as orte of the Liberal
candidates for the representation of Gloucester, intends
again to contest the borough of Cricklade.

pur-
chased the steamer Columbian from the European and The Peninsular and Oriental Company have
Aus-
tralian Mail Packet Company. .
" The accounts from Rome relative to the health
of the King of Prussia," says a letter from. Berlin, " are
very unfavourable. The intellectual strength of his
Majesty appears to be completely exhausted,
to Berlin, which had been .fixed for the end of May, has
been again postponed." His' return
Captain Field has been appointed tothecommand
of the Indus, which leaves to-day with the Calcutta and
e thes,t
China mail. A post. office has been fitted up on board, in
which the homeward Calcutta and China mail will be sorted.
PAIUJON TO AN INNOCENT AfAii.—A full pardon
i t I.oea sacrl abeetf, t 1 1.11 r 8 el ee wanted
ey' oa r by , thet st .
Senator,S Helena,
ee
whosen ta
ar, ye o ft.
excited
atdal
st i
le 'onfiudo form det
he mt the
complaint
" Wilts fairneas,_aa-WcII as the tabiitxScOfethe-case, whieh'iVere
strongly placed before the Government by Mr. Solly Flood,
theaccused'sleual adviser and by the merchants of Liverpool.

The Paris Correspondent of the Morning Post
(second edition) says :
" The more I learn of the results of Lord Cowley's
mission—if results they can be called—the more
convinced am I that nothing has been done to
remove the causes of war. I observe that in a
leading article you call on the British Govern-
ment to report progress. What can be said ?
Positively nothing ! The Emperor of Austria
is determined to fight, although M. Buol and
his civil advisers say there is no money in
the exchequer ; and further, a probability of the
Austrian empire breaking up from internal revolu-
tionary diScontent as well as external pressure. No
matter, says Francis Joseph, I will not renounce my
hold on Italy ; I will lose Lombardy or march on
Turin, and there settle the Italian question. Mean-
while there are those in Paris placed in high places
who hang fondly on the hopes of diplomacy ; who
live in a cloud of words brought, to Paris by Lord
Cowley ; and, I suspect, his Excellency has carried
with him nothing but a cloud of words. Those
who wish to arrive at correct conclusions will
do well to fix their eyes on the Ticino—there
they will find the theatre of a rapidly appearing
struggle. The army authorities in Lombardy
have' received orders to seize on all they require
to provision the fortresses, prepare for a cam-
paign, and pay the landowners and peasants with
Austrian paper ! Ere long the Austrian troops
in Italy will be 'in the position of imperial
brigands, with orders to fight their way up to
Turin. War preparations continue on both sides
of the Ticino as usual. The great difficulty on
both sides seems to consist in finding horses.
" Whilst I am fully convinced that war will
take place about the end of June next, the Govern-
ment organs of the Paris press pretend to believe
in peace. The Pays talks of Lord Cowley halving
brought the bases of negotiations, &c. All this is
inspired by those who express their hopes, rather
than convey what they know to be true."

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office

Advices have been received from Naples to the
15th inst.

The operation which the King has undergone has
been ineffectual. A tumour in the groin is feared,
and also gangrene or caries in the thigh.
Cardinal Riario has ordered public prayers for
his Majesty's recovery.
The public Funds fell 2f.

VIENNA, MAIICII 18.

Funds have risen since the close of the Bourse
one per cent., on account of favourable news from
Paris.

Advices from Milan state that the public feeling
in that city is quieter.

TURIN, FRIDAY.

The official Piedmontese Gazette contradicts the
suggestions of the .Presse of Paris of the lath March,
and points out that the policy of the Sardinian
-Government, it says, has been neither provocative
nor revolutionary, but always national and liberal.
The confidence which it inspireS, and the admirable
concord which prevails throughout the country,
show that this policy is approved of.
The Sardinian Government accepts with satis-
faction the manifestations of sympathy and the
offers of co-operation of all men • of good faith,
without regard to what their past may have been;
but at the same time, its firm determination is not
to concert, with tho.-.e incorrigible persons who
prejudice the national cause .by disturbances of
sect or faction.

BERNE, MARcu 18.

Orders have arrived here to buy up for the Sar-•
dinian Government all the horses which can be pro-
cured,. •

The expression of public opinion in the French

The St. Petersburg Gazette states the Cabinet
of St. Petersburg appears decided on energe-
tically defending in the conference the double
election of Colonel Couza. That journal even, pro-
poses the admission at the conference of a repre-
sentative of the united provinces.

The Greek Government, whose interests are not
very visibly connected with the political questions
now under consideration in the western parts of
Europe, has demanded from the Chambers a credit
of two millions of drachmas (1,600,000 fr.) in order
to provide against eventualities, which; however,
it does not define. It has also, letters from Athens
state, given orders in France for three batteries of
artillery, and had applied a sum of 400,000 drachmas
(320,000 fr.) for the purchase of rifle muskets.

ELECTION INTELLIGENCE.

HARWICH, FRIDAY EVENING.

The contest began with great spirit on both sides,
and the. Campbell committee claimed the majority
up to 11 o'clock, the candidates .during that time
having been more than once on an equality. At 12
o'clock there was only a difference of two, Captain
Jervis having polled 119, and the 'lion. Mr. Camp-
bell 117. From this time, although the voting was
slow, the majority for Jervis'. gradually increased
until at the close it had reached. 11. The instant
the;church clock pointed to 4,, the hustings, accord-
ing to custom at Harwich, were •attacked and de-
molished, but as no resistance whatever was offered
to this somewhat lawless proceeding, it had not the
character of a breach of the peace.
The Mayor having adjourned the. proceedings to
the ToWn-hall, announced the numbers to be—
Jervis
. Campbell . 134
. . Majority for Jervis' ' • 11
And hiS worship declared Capt. 'Jervis to be duly
elected. The gallant captain afterwards returned
thanks from the window of the White Hart Hotel.

MR. GLADSTONE'S LETTERS ON THE
NEAPOLITAN STATE TRIALS.

(From the Daily News.)
Nearly eight years have now elapsed since the
publication of that first letter addressed by the
Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone to the Earl of Aber-
deen, which contributed so much to engage the
public opinion of England on behalf of the noble
martyrs of Italian liberty then' suffering, as they
have continued to suffer, the extreme of cruelty
inflicted by the modern l)ionysius of, the Two
Sicilies, under the implied sanction and 'protecting
superintendence of his Imperial, Royal, and Apos-
tolic Majesty of Austria. Mr. Gladstone's pam-
phlet, which created an European sensation at the
time, and which, it will be remembered, was so far
adopted by the cabinet of Lord John Russell, in
1851, that Lord Palmerston; being then Foreign
Secretary, sent copies of it to our ministers at each
of the. European courts, has long been out of print,
and cannot now be easily procured. We therefore
think it worth while at this moment, when a few
—and be it remembered, only a few—of the most
distinguished Victims of the infamous tyranny of
Naples have succeeded, thanks to the imminent
menace of a French war, in obtaining their release,
and have been landed upon our own shores, to fur-
nish our readers with some extracts from Mr. Glad-
stone's first letter, in order to refresh their recol-
lection of the justly indignant vehemence with
which an honourable English gentlemen, a Conser-
vative statesman, whose political principles have
consistently attached him to the legal maintenance
of all existing governments at home and abroad,
came forward as a personal witness of the villany
of a king and his,. ministers, .to denounce that
almost incredible system of wickedness, that com-
plete and unparalleled fabric of injustice, hypocrisy,
falsehood, and ferocity, which has nevertheless been
tolerated by the devotees of what is called " Order."
Without further comment, we proceed to give
some extracts, and a little analysis of the letter,
which was dated the 11th July, 1851, addressed to
the Earl; late Minister of Foreign Affairs, and pub-
lished by Mr. Murray, of Albermarle-street, under
the title of • " The State Prosecutions of , the
Neapolitan Government," as a pamphlet of 32
pages.
Mr. Gladstone commenced by explaining the
motives which had induced him thus to trouble his
noble friend with a statement " which you will
find," he says, " painful, nay, revolting to the last
degree." He had been impressed, during a resi-
dence of three or four months at Naples, with a
" deep sense of the duty of making some attempt
to mitigate the horrors amidst which the govern-
ment of Naples is carried on." It was not' for the
purpose of political criticism or censorship that he
had gone there, but from circumstances puKely of
a domestic character. " I disclaim," he says, " po-
litical propagandism, and I did not go to look for
grievances." As a member of the Conservative
party, be remarks, his naturally disposed-to sup-
-port the reigning monarchies of Europe ; but his
own actual observation, and the most authentic in-
forniation which could be'proeured, have convinced
him of following pi'opoitions
the present practices of the governmeiit'or Naplo,
in reference to real or supposed political offenders,
arc an outrage upon religion, upon civilisation,
upon humanity, and upon decency. Secondly, that
these practices are certainly, and even rapidly,
doing the work of republicanism in that country—
a political creed which has little, natural or habitual
root in the character' of the people . The go-
' vernment of Naples, in its social, like its physical
position, is under the shadow of a volcano, and is
doing everything in its power, froth day to day, to
give reality to its own dangers, arid fresh intensity,
together with fresh cause, to its own fears