The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-20 00:00:00

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(71
40764.
Le.
„,

LONDON, SATURDAI, OCT. 20, 1866.

The national flag was hoisted in Venice yesterday
amid great popular enthusiasm, and therefore we
nlaY Consider that a new era begins for that pro-
so long in the hands of foreigners. There
is more to do,
nowever, than to enjoy the privileges
conferred upon it. Those who now are possessed
of their rights mayrsh low that they are worthy of
them, and
are
fiYn,esolved to do their best to
improve their position,
policy that it may be really a national one, and not
merely nominally so.
A r
of what
will
deal has to be done
before we can judge
b etthe
e thef effect
ep 1 of
this new order of things, The
result
7th
of
until the 2
to
seitum in Venice will not be know
inst., and a deputation will proceed Turin to pre-
sent the note to the KING. Until aft that time
it is said that the Government will not go on with
the general election, but will wait until the plebi-
seiturn in Venetia is taken, and then assemble the
electoral colleges in order that deputies may be
chosen for the Italian Parliament. This will not
assemble until December, so that it cannot be said
that too much haste has been made to inaugurate
things. Considerable anxiety is felt for the fate of
Saxony, concerning which nothing has yet been set-
tled. Backed up by the powerful support of France that
gallant little kingdom has been able to hold its own
as yet, though for how long a time it may be able
to do so Li of course very doubtful, but there seems
good ground for hoping that much better terms may

be made than was at all expected at one time. Ac-
cording to the last accounts from Berlin it seems
that the Prusso-Saxon treaty of peace does not sti-
pulate for the permanent occupation of Saxony by
the Prussians, but only demands that the latter
should remain there until after the reorganisation
of the Saxon army. If this be true, it is certainly
very different from what we heard a short time ago,
and all we can say is that we hope it may be true for
the credit of the Prussian Government, and the
1 welfare of the Saxons, who deserve a better fate
than to become a province of Prussia. It is said
that a meeting took place in Leipsic of the na-
tional party, at which it was resolved that if the
, KING continued to resist the attempt of Prussia to
make peace that King WILLIAM should be soli-
cited to order new elections to take place for the
i Saxon Chamber of Deputies, and then they will be
II able to represent the interests of the Saxon people as
opposed to the particular interests of the Saxon Go-
vernment. This is very absurd and uncalled for.
In the first place, how can the King of Pnussi..t
order new elections, and thus assume to himself the
direction of the kingdom, when the treaty of peace
is not yet signed? It would be an act of arrogance,
too much even for him to attempt, and we cannot
believe that he will do so. Besides this, how can the
interests of the people of Saxony be best repre-
sented by those who favour Prussia ?
Death seems to have been busy among the nota-
bilities of the continent. Cardinal SYITOWSKY,
Prince Primate of Hungary, died yesterday. He
was the son of a village schoolmaster, and a parti-
cular interest thus attaches itself to his career, as he
attained his high position by his own exer-
tions and abilities. The death of M. Thou-
VENEL has occasioned some consternation in Paris.
The Moniteur, in announcing the sad event in its
impression of yesterday, declares that it is a loss to
the EMPEROR and the country. " His name is so
intimately associated with the remembrance of the
annexation of Nice and Savoy to France that his
loss will remain the object of well-founded and
honourable regret." It is now contradicted that
the French Government has sent a Circular Note
to the Catholic Powers on the Roman question.
This is perhaps not surprising when we consider
the height to which political passions have run of
late.

The arrival of the Cuba from New York, on the
9th, does not bring anything startling in the way
of intelligence. The Constitutional Amendment is
still the bone of contention throughout the several

States. The Oregon Legislature have annulled their
former ratification of it, while the Governor of

South Carolina, it is said, intends to recommend its
adoption, and the election of representatives who

can take the oath. South Carolina was the focus o

the Confederacy, and should that State consent to
adopt such a course, it would no doubt exercise a
powerful influence over the other Southern States.

The difficulty would be where to find representatives
who would actually represent the people, and would
be men of standing and intelligence, and yet
had taken no part in the war either directly
or indirectly. , Of course there were many whom
family ties, the care of their estates, the claims of
business, or the obligations of the public service
prevented from taking any active part in the grand
rebellion ; but very few of these failed to assist with
word or deed, with sacrifice or subscription, or with
sympathy the object which all had in view. Even
the slaveholding planters, whose obstinacy and short-

sightedncss cost JEFFERSON DAVIS his Goverumen
and the South her independence, were at the outse
heartily in favour of secession, so that if the Southern
members are to be rigidly selected from men who
have taken no part whatever in the fight for
Southern independence, we are afraid there
will be no small difficulty in finding them.
The Radicals, of coarse, stipulate for this,
so as to prevent the admission of the Southern re-
presentatives from weakening their political in-
fluence. Their number would not be sufficient to
interfere with the cherished two-thirds majority of
the Radicals, but as the latter very well know there
arc many questions on which the Northern Demo-
crats and the Southern members would join, thus
presenting a formidable front to the Radical
phalanx. By the exclusion of all Southerners who
have taken any part in secession they will either
secure unpopular and tame-spirited Southerners,
or—which is far more probable—Northerners of
moderate views. If joined to this exclusion they
could carry negro suffrage, and they might even be
able to obtain an accession to the Radical force, a
result in the interests of America most devoutly
not to be wished. The Republicans have, as we
know by telegraph, carried the Pennsylvanian elec-
tions by, it is said, a reduced majority. In Indiana,
Ohio, and lowa, they have been also successful.
At Philadelphia riots occurred during the election
canvas, in which seven persons were wounded.
General BUTLER has been making another speech,
finding oratory easier than generalship. We do
not know whether the army and navy of America
will be very well pleased at his arrogating the office'
of spokesman to himself. He urged the impeach-
merit of President JOHNSON, and declared that if
he called upon the army and navy to assist him
against Congress he would be disobeyed. Perhaps
o
the hero of Big
were Bethel flatters himself that if he
sheer v wouldie
es.
i‘rsecurei.
JOHNSON
of the
h a s alle-
giance Presidentf the
no worse rival to fear he can rest very safely.
lie has been
resreenceeivingtheianselvdeeslegawtiitohn the
Fenians, who
p
modest request that het presented themselves
recall Mr. ADAMS
and withdraw the American Consuls in Ireland. The
Americans are usually regarded as somewhat head-
strong and given to assumption, but really they put
up with some pretensions with extraordinary meek-
ness. What would be thought of an English depu-
tation asking them to alter the whole course of their
foreign policy ? The Fenians, who of course think
themselves the most important part of the American
population, appear to be privileged, and are inclined
to use that privilege to the utmost. However, a
war between England and the United States for the
glorification of the Head Centre is rather too
much for the equanimity of the PRESIDENT,
and accordingly we find that " the delegation re-
tired dissatisfied with the results of the interview."
The elections have declared for the most part
against the PRESIDENT, who has no inducement to
sacrifice his principles for the sake of popularity,
even had he been inclined to such weakness. There is
no denying that the Fenians are a troublsome element
in American politics, and those who for their own pur-
pose endeavour to give them importance will very
likely repent their imprudence before they are
finally disposed of. Thanks to the peculiarities of
the American Constitution, the Government are
often forced to conciliate and defer to such associa-
tarireoleniamsb,ilseaelhtflioleorvuepguoh they
aritiiacat are
lheplurlaspeplzefease aware that they
~ctly
repeatedly aniNdir.ar
jeotioistaslmily un-
reliable
supreme
disclaimed any desire for re-election to
dignity, and therefore he is less ham-
pered than his predecessors by the consideration of
votes. Happily he has still some time before his
term of office has expired,
andthat the intemperance of theßadwiceallasavweilliittblee
able
r
to influbnce him in the meanwhile.

The sanitary condition of the dwellings of the
labouring clasGes has long been a subject that has
engaged public attention, but of late it has called