The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-29 00:00:00

PRUSSIA

EMBERG.

STUTTGART, Aug. 26.
The text of the Treaty of Peace concluded be-
tween Prussia and Wurtemberg is as follows :
" Their Majesties the King of Wurtemberg and
the King of Prussia, actuated by the desire :of se-
curing to their subjects the blessings of peace, have
determined to come to an agreement as to the
clauses of a treaty of peac6 to be concluded between
them. For this purpose their Majesties have ap-
pointed as Plenipotentiaries—The King of Wurtem-
berg his Minister for Foreign Affairs, Baron Karl
von Varnbuler, Grand Cross, &c., and his War
Minister, Lieut.-General Oscar von Hardegg,
Grand Cross, &c. ; and the King of Prussia his
President of the Council and Minister for Foreign
Affairs, Count Otto von Bismark-Sconhausen,
Knight of the Black Eagle, &c., and his Privy Coun-
cillor, Chamberlain, and Ambassador, Karl Fried-
rich von Sarigny, Grand Cross, &c. These Pleni-
potentiaries, having exchanged powers and found
them sufficient, have agreed upon the following

clauses :

" 1. Peace and friendship shall henceforth subsist
for ever between his Majesty the King of Wurtem-
berg and his Majesty the King of Prussia, their heirs
and successors, their States and subjects.
" 2. His Majesty the King of Wurtemberg engages
to pay his Majesty the King of Prussia the sum of
eight million florins, within two months, towards
covering part of the costs incurred by Prussia in the
war. By payment of this sum the King of Wur-
temberg fulfils the compensation obligations under-
taken by him in paragraphs 9 and 10 of the Armis-
tice Convention signed August 1, 1866, at Eisingen,
near Wurzburg.
" 3. 'As pledge for the payment of this sum the
King of Wurtemberg will deposit 3i and 4 per
cent. Wurtemberg State Bonds to the amount of
the sum to be guaranteed. The bonds to be depo-
sited will be calculated at the quotation of the day,
and the guarantee sum will be increased by 10 per
cent. accordingly.
"4. His Majesty the King of Wurtemberg retains
the right of paying the above-mentioned compen-
sation, in part or wholly, at an earlier date, at a
discount of 5 per cent. per annum.
5. Immediately after the guarantee being given
in accordance with Art. 3, or after payment of the
war contribution has been made, the King of
Prussia will withdraw his troops from Wurtemberg
territory. The provisionment of the troops during
their withdrawal shall be according to the hitherto
existing Federal dietary scale.
" 6. The apportionment of Federal property be-
longing to the former Germanic Confederation is
reserved for a special agreement.
" 7. The high contracting parties will enter into
Aegociations for the settlement of the Zollverein
relations immediately after the conclusion of peace.
In the meantime the Zollverein Union Treaty of
May 16, 1865, and the conventions connected
therewith, which have been rendered inoperative by
the outbreak of the war, shall again come into ope-
ration from the date the ratifications of this pre-
sent treaty are exchanged, with the understanding
that it remains reserved to either of the high con-
tracting parties to allow them to lapse after a noti-
fication of six months.
"Immediately after the restoration of peace in
Germany, the high contracting parties will cause
the assembly of commissioners to agree upon bases
calculated to further passenger and goods traffic
upon the railways as greatly as possible, especially
to regulate the relations of competition in a suitable
manner, and to oppose the efforts of individual com-
panies disadvantageous to the public interests of
traffic. While the high contracting parties are
agreed that the establishment of every new railway
line conducive to the public advantage is to be per-
mitted, and supported as fully as possible, they will
also have the principles demanded in this respect by
the general interests laid down by the aforesaid com-
missioners.
"His Majesty the King of Wurtembergrecognises
the arrangements made by the preliminary treaty
concluded between Prussia and Austria at Nikols-
burg on the 20th July, 1866, and accedes thereto
upon his part also, so far as they affect the future
of Germany.
" 10. The ratification of this present treaty shall
take place at latest by the 21st August of this year.
In token whereof the above-named Plenipotentiaries
have executed the same this day in duplicate, and
appended their signatures and seals.
" Done at Berlin this 13th August, 1866. •
(Signed) " VARNBULER.

" HARDEGG.

" VON BISMARCK.
" SAIRGNY."

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

NOTTINGHAM, Tuesday.

The theatre was well filled last night by members
assembled to hear Dr. Hooper's lecture upon 4t In-
sular Floras." The observations of the lecturer
related almost exclusively to the results of his own
explorations in the islands of the Southern Seas,
including Madeira, St. Helena, the Azores, and Kirk
Williams Island. The flora of Madeira was like
that of Europe, except that the plants grew larger,
parsley being there produced on trees. On Desola-
tion Island he found only 150 plants, and he never
thought of that place without unpleasant associa-
tions of cabbage and penguin soup. The lecture
occupied a considerable time, and was well received.
In the afternoon an interesting concert was given
to members of the association by the inmates of the
Midland Institute for the Blind. The pupils are in-
structed in the many branches of education and
industry happily open to them, and if their attain-
ment in those are equal to their proficiency in vocal
and instrumental music, the promoters must be con-
gratulated on their success. Many of the visitors
to the concert left donations, or purchased some of
the works of the blind.
The geographical section was in immense force
this morning to hear Du Chaillu on the " Physical
Geography an d Tribes of Western Equatorial Africa."
Before he commenced, Sir Roderick Murchison took
occasion to express his satisfaction that, after the
doubts that were thrown on M. Du Chaillu's narra-
tive, he had fitted out a ship at his own cost, and
revisited the scene of his former explorations. M. Du
Chaillu, speaking with a strong French accent,
stated that in 30 deg. East longitude from Green-
wich, and in 2 or 3 degs. on each side of the
equator, was an immense jungle, broken here and
there by fertile prairies, thinly inhabited by man
and still more thinly by beasts. There was neither
lion, giraffe, nor rhinoceros. By the side of man
were the apes and the gorilla. There was no horse,
camel, or other beast of burden, the women being
employed in the heavy work. In journeying through
the jungle, he went for miles and miles without hear-
ing the chirp of a bird or the footstep of a gazelle.
The awful solitude was broken only by the falling
of a leaf or the rippling of a brook. The lowest
temperature was 63, the highest rainfall was 7f
inches in 24 hours, but the average was probably
not more than 200 inches in a year. The sky was
almost always hazy, and was seldom more than an
hour without clouds, so that he frequently had to
remain night after night before he could get astro-
nomical observations. The state of man in those
regions was primitive. No trading caravans from
north, east, south, or west, had ever passed through
their country. The fiery water had not reached
them. There were a great many languages or
dialects spoken by the different tribes. Their law
was on the principal of a tooth for a tooth. No
allowance was made for accident, but if one man
killed another the killer was always slain. A man
who broke the arm of another had to submit to the
breaking of his own arm. They had no record of
the past, and knew nothing about it. Fables, super-
stition, and witchcraft were all powerful. Their
doctriLe was that but for witchcraft there would be
no death. The consequence was that when one man
died there was great slaughter in order to find out
who caused his death. When a dispute arose, or an
offender was captured, a palaver was called, and the
defender was fined of killed. None of the villages
had more than a thousand people. No chief could
take by force anything belonging to his people. In
fact, his people, though the 7 looked upon him as a
father, would rob him not only of his property, but

of his wives. After simply mentioning the hairy
dwarfs and the Fauns, or cannibals, M. du Chaillu

defended the white man from the accusations made

against him of driving out the natives from barba-
rous countries. For himself he was the only white
man who had visited those regions, and he could
assert that he had done nothing to decrease
the population. Unfortunately on one occa-
sion one of his men fired a gun and killed
a man. The king fled, with all his people,
except one wise man, who was disposed to call a
palaver, but it was discovered that the bullet,' after
killing the man, had killed also the wife of the wise
man. M. du Chaillu and his four men then at-
tempted to escape. They were pursued by the whole
tribe. The distinguished traveller himself brought
up the rear, and was wounded in the band and side
by poisoned arrows. His negroes, however, fought
valiantly, and they stuck to him and conquered.
M. Du Chaillu concluded after relating this anec-
dote, having confined himself strictly to the bounda-
ries of the title of his paper. The discussion was
all in his favour. Mr. Hind said he would as much
rely upon M. Du Chaillu's observations as he would
upon the best astronomers in Europe. Di. Murie,
who had travelled in part of Du Chaillu's country,
confirmed the observations of that traveller.

Mr. GROVE, secretary of the Palestine Explora-

tion Fund, read the report of the first expedition
made under direction of the society. The expedi-
tion this year was of a preliminary character, led by
Captain Wilson, of the Royal Engineers, and one
of the officers of the Topographical Expedition.
The object was to examine the sites of cities, to see
what the expedition might advantageously under-
take at a future time, and get a map of the country.
From the details of the scenery given in the report
there is reason to believe that in future work much
interesting knowledge will be gained.
The Rev. 11. B. TRISTRAM gave some account of
his own travels in Palestine. He pointed out that
Arab tribes were in the habit of taking tourists to
whatever place they pleased, and telling them that
was the place to which they had asked to be con-
ducted. It was, therefore, highly important that
there should be an exact topographical examination
of the country. All the names of the Israelitish
towns existed in the Arabic, and there were grass-
grown mounds only remaining to be explored.

In the Mathematical and Physical Science section
the President presented the report of the com-
mittee on the transmission of sound through water.
The practical question at issue was that of storm
signals. De la Rue's Syren, which in air gives loud
musical sounds, was found to be a failure in water.
The communication of shocks or impulses by means
of metal bars or plates was found to be the most
available system. Mr. Varley, in stating some of the
phenomena of the Atlantic cable, and explaining a
new method of testing electric resistance, stated that
by Professor Wheatman's bridge they were enabled
to make experiments on faults in CO seconds, which
had formerly occupied a considerable time, the At-

lantic cable was in such a state of perfection. From
electrical experiments the cable was found to rate at
7,700 of the British Association units of insularity,
and complete insularity being represented by 10,000.
Mr. Glaisher described Mr. Johnson's deep-sea
pressure gauge, in which, by the use of glass instead
of metal, one source of error was avoided.
The chemists heard with great interest a paper by
Dr. Lyon Playfair on the present condition of our
knowledge on the origin of muscular force in animals.
The geologists had a good programme. Dr. C. Le
Neve Foster stated that he had discovered pebbles
intermixed with tin and copper ore in a curious lode
or mineral vein in New Rosewarne Mine, Gwinear,
Cornwall. Dr. Beke produced geological specimens
and fossils from the barren island of St. John in the
Red Sea. The geological specimens were stated to
be of the igneous rocks. The fossils were those
common to the Indian Ocean.

The anthropologists had a notice, by Mr. J. W.
Flowers, of a Kjokken-modding, in the Island of
Herm. The substantial word of this title, though
formidable at sight, is easily susceptible of a render-
ing by mere pronunciation into the exceedingly vul-
gar English words by which a British Kjokken-
modding would be designated if the plainest Saxon
terms were used. Professor Huxley made some re-
marks on the two extreme forms of human crania.
One skull was that of a Tartar, round, short, and
broad ; the other that of a New Zealander, long and
narrow. Dr. James Hunt, on cranial measurement
of modern Norwegians, denied they were of the
Scandinavian type.
The biologists had papers from Mr. F. Bucklaud
on the scientific cultivation of a salmon river, and
on the exhibition of fish culture at Boulogne. On
the former topic the renowned icthyologist con-
demned, in an amusing yet indignant manner, the
discouragement of salmon by the pollution of rivers;
and he assured the section that the Trent and other
rivers now unproductive could be so far cultivated
as to bring salmon down to 6d. or 7d. a pound. He
hoped that, with the aid of the Government, we
should have an international exhibition of fish cul-

,ure in this country, our fisheries being greater than

those of France. Mr. J. K. Lord read an interest-
ing paper on the Indians of Columl iL. They wor-
ship the sun, are great believers in witchcraft, and
hold in superstitious reverence the return of the sea-
sons, the ripening of berries and seeds, and the ar-
rival of the geese and cranes. Their teeth have been
ground down to the gums by the sand which ad-
heres to the dried salmon on which they live during
the winter months.
In the Physiological section Dr. Richardson gave
physiological demonstrations of local insensibility.
The demonstrations in question took the practical
turn of thrusting needles into his own arm and that
of the president without producing pain.
Dr. NORRIS read a valuable paper on muscular
irritability, and the relations which exist between
muscle, nerve, and blood.
From statistics given by Colonel Sykes to Eco-
nomic Science and Statistics, it appears that the
Hindoos and Parsecs are most munificent in their
support of the charitable, educational, industrial,
and public institutions of India. Mr. Wilkinson, in
a paper on intoxicating liquor, showed that the cost
of the consumption in Great Britain in 1865 was
£95,000,000, and that the average of each drinking
person-was two gallons of alcohol per head per an-
num. Mr. Felton, speaking of the hosiery and lace
trades of Nottingham, stated that many women
worked under mistressesin private houses not visited
by the inspectors of factories. He recommended
that these should be registered. The Rev. A. S.
Worthington, remarking on the employment of
women working for wages, contended that, even
in an economical and profitable point of view, the
taking of married women away from home was
bad policy, tending to drive their husbands to the
public-house for comfort, and tending also to the
great increase of infant mortality. The employment
of women in factories tended to increase illegiti-
macy, the illegitimate births in Nottingham being
10 per cent. of the whole. Mr. George, sen., gave
a paper on the diminution of accidents in coal mines
since the appointment of Government inspectors.
Mr. Thomas Browne, on the transfer of real pro-
perty, suggested the legal division of the country
into shares of one acre, and the transference of the
shares when required.
The papers on Mechanical Science were of a
purely technical character.

DIOCESE OF SALISBURY.—The Incumbency of
Christchurch, Warminster, in the county of Wilts, iu the
patronage of the Rev. J. E. Philipps, is vacant by the pre-
sentation of the Rev. Robert Rossetor Hutton, clerk, M.A.,
by the Crown to the rectory of Chipping Barnet. The living
is represented as worth £3OO per annum. The per-
petual curacy of Lyneham, Wilts, of the annual value of
about £l5O, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. James
O'Brien, who has recently seceded to the Church of Rome,
has been conferred by the patron, Mr. G. H. W. Heneage,
of Compton Bassett House, Wilts, on the Rev. Eyre Wil-
liam Hussey, clerk, M.A. The Rev. James John Douglas,
Hoysted, clerk, 8.A., has been licensed by the Bishop of
Salisbury, on the nomination of Mr. Gabriel Goldney,
M.P., to the incumbency of St. Mary-Bradenstoke-with-
Clack, in the county of Wilts.
KITE FLYING EXTRAORDINARY.—A kite contest,
the first in this neighbourhood, took place on the Town-
moor last night, in the presence of an immense number of
spectators, estimated at upwards of 20,000. There were 86
competitors, and the first prize was won by Master Cross,
a brother of the popular actress at the Theatre Royal. The
contest was so great that it is to be repeated on a larger
BC4IO ill >juture years,-IYetowak hum/.

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HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, Aug. 26.
The Qeeen, accompanied by Princess Louise/
went out yesterday morning.
In the afternoon her Majesty, accompanied by
Princess Louise, and attended by Lady Churchill,
went out driving.

August 27.

Yesterday was the anniversary of the Prince
Consort's birthday. The Prince and Princess of
Wales came to luncheon with the Queen, and the
two young Princes, Albert Victor and George,
visited her Majesty in the afternoon.
The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise and
Princess Beatrice, went out in the afternoon.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury havo
arrived in town from Jerveaux Abbey, Yorkshire, on their
way to Savernake Lodge, near Marlborough.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Donegal have
left their residence in Grosvenor-square for Hampstead
Marshall, Newbury, Berks.
The Earl and Countess of Dunmore are enter-
taining a select party of friends at their seat in the Igo of
Harris, N.B.

The Earl and Countess of Fife are entertaining
a select family party at Now Mar Lodge, N.B.
Viscount Kirkwall and Baron de Vahl have left
town for a tour on the Continent for several months.
Lady Sandys and Hon. Miss Sandys arrived at
Pitfour a fed days back, on a visit to Admiral Ferguson•
Lord Henry Bentinck, since his arrival at 1
shooting quarters in Scotland, has had excellent sport.
The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of
Commons and Lady Charlotte Denison are staying at Lang"
well, Caithness.
The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart.,
M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty, accompanied by the
Lords Commissioners, visit Plymouth and Devonport on
Thursday next. After their visit, which will, of course,
occupy several days, the First Lord and Commissioners of
the Admiralty will proceed to Queenstown on their tour of

inspection.
The Master of the Queen's Horse (the Duke of
Beaufort) has signified his intention to exclude coursing
Hampton Court-park during the next season, in co ilbe"
queueo of the scarcity of hounds on this demesne.

A PLEA FOR SWEDEN.

TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN.
Sin,—The exhibition now open in this town, and which
includes various curiosities from Finland, Norway, Den-
mark, and Sweden, quite deserves a few visits. I have
availed myself of a return-ticket by steamer to Gottenburg
—the average time from London for the voyage being s,i°
hours; and from that city I came here by one of the web-
managed canal boats, which touch at various interesting
places on the route, including the falls of Frohlatton, the
town of Wadstend, so renowned for its historical asseakt.
tions and ancient relics, and the town of Matala, where
the celebrated ironworks are shown. These works were
established in 1822, under the management of an Bnglinil:
man, and the whole of the machinery is worked by 011::
water-wheel, 16 feet in diameter, the water for which "
conducted by a pipe from the canal, 40 yards distant'
Iron machinery connected with the Monitor is now making
at this manufactory, and part of it is to be seen at the
Stockholm Exhibition.
The passengers by this canal now visit the celebrated
Wreta Cloister church, oonsecrated in 1829 to " God and
the Mother of God." A part of the old wall remains'
Here were buried various notable persons, who were con:
netted with the history of Sweden; and the Counts
Douglas have their mausoleum here.
At Norkoping, nearer Stockholm, are several large rev
nufactories, which entitle this place to be called the gen-
chester of Sweden; while still nearer to Stockholm is the
ancient town of Sedertelga, where there is a Druidic°'
cromlech. At Stockholm, besides the exhibition, tb°
Palace and its gorgeous contents may be seen'
as well as various statues and objects of in;
terest in the city. Excursions may easily be raadet
Upsala, famous for its old University, and to the Pe;
turesque Castle of Gripsholm, with its historical parttlit
and quaint furniture.
Travelling and residence here are easy and cheap
weather delightful. By means of the railway the retnilla
to Gothenburg may be made by way of Copenhagen an
Helsingmra, the burial-place of Hamlet, Prince of Den-
mark, six miles distant. Thus, within a fortnight, et s
moderate expense, this pleasant and instructive tour ineli
be made. The public exhibition will close on the 15th
September.—l am, Sir, yours faithfully,
CHR. Coola•
Stockholm, August 24, 1866.