The Sun.
London, England, 1832-09-13 00:00:00

DEPARTURES.

Sir Alexander and Lady Campbell, from Raggett's Hotel,
Dover.street, for Richmond; Mr. and Mrs. Slane, from Coul-
son's Hotel, Lower Brook-street, for Ramsgate; W. Brown,
Esq. from ditto, for Brighton ; W. Wilson, from ditto, for the
North ; J. Hudson, Esq. from ditto, for Dover ; Mr. and Mrs.
Jennings, from the British Hotel, Jermyn-street, for their seat
in Herts ; Captain Moore, from ditto, for Brighton.

We understand their MAJESTIES purpose
returning to St. James's Palace the latter end of the pre-
sent or commencement of next month, and will stay in
town for about a fortnight, and then proceed to Brighton.
The Duke of BEDFORD has left Woburn
Abbey for the Highlands of Scotland.
The Duchess of ANGOULEME arrived in
town on Saturday last, and on Sunday attended the church
service at the Spanish Chapel in King-street, Portman-

square..
The Marquis of HERTFORD, and his numer-
ous retinue, are expected to depart fot Italy, about the
middle of November.

The Prince DE MASSA, a Peer of France,
with his son, have arrived in town from the continent.
The Earl and Countess of MANSFIELD are
entertaining a party of nobility at their seat, Scone, North
Britain.

The Earl of BELMORE has brought to this
country a small hut valuable collection of curiosities in
natural history, selected during his Lordship's Government
in Jamaica.

The LORD MAYOR has been called upon by
a respectable portion of the inhabitants of Southwark to
offer himself as a candidate to succeed the late Mr. CAL-
VERT, as representative for that borough, with which be
has complied.

We have the pleasure of being able to state
that steps are about to be taken towards the erection of a
monument to the memory of the late Dr. Auaat CLARKE.
Christian Advocate.

•At last the long-talked-of marriage of the
young and rich Marquis of ABERCORN is likely to take
place in Scotland, and to the Lady LOUISA RUSSELL,
daughter of the Duchess of BEDFORD. The Marquis of
ABERCORN is in his 22d year, with a clear income from
landed estates in England, Scotland, and Ireland, exceeding
eighty thousand per annum, also a considerable property
in the Funds. The nuptials, it is said, will take place
early in October. The wedding dress for the Lady has
been ordered, and is in progress at a celebrated magaz;ne
of fashion at the west end of the town ; and a travellieg
post-chariot of singular elegance is building at Messrs.
HossoN's, in Long acre.
The Duchess D'ANGOULEME, during her
sojourn in the metropolis, resides at apartments which
have been taken for her in the neighbourhood of Montagu-
square. Part of the Duchess's suite ate dotniciliated at the
Coburg Hotel in Charles-street, Grosvenor-square. Count
DUMAS, brotl er to the preceptor of the Duke de BOR-
DEAUX, and another French Nobleman of the Duchess's
retinue, are staying at CRAWLEY'S Hotel, in Albemarle-
street. Her Royal Highness, we hear, contemplates a
speedy departure to Austria. According to her arrange-
ments, as at present fixed, she will proceed by the steam-
boat to Hamburg, and travel to Gratz, in Styria, through
the dominions of the King of SAXON Y. The ex-King, the
Duke D'ANGOULEME, and the young Duke de BORDEAUx,
are also on the eve of departure for Austria, but it does
not appear that they will visit London on their route.
The Duke de POLIGNA c, elder brother to Prince PoLIGNAc,
has, we are informed, been residing some time in London,
at lodgings in the vicinity of Regent's Fans. The mo-
ther of this Nobleman was the bosom fiiend of MARIA
ANTOINETTE, Queen of France, and governess to the
Duchess D'ANGOULEME. Gratz, where it is said the
exiled Royal Family are about to fix their residence, is it
fortified town of Germany, capital of Lower Styria, and a
Bishop's see. The castle stands on a rock, and is a strong
place. The town is seate lo❑ the west side of the Muer,
and the inhabitants are estimated at 35,0)0.

An East Indiaman, of 1,200 tons, was
bought yesterday for the service of Don PEDRO, and will
car ry 62 guns. She will leave the river in a few days.
LYNN, SEPT. 10.—On Monday last the
Rev. THomAs IvEsoN was removed from our gaol, where
he had been confined since his trial, to the Lunatic Asy-
lum of St. Lawrence, Norwich. Mr. 1., we understand,
still continues in the most low and desponding way.
ALEXANDER AND BONAPARTE.—ALEX-
ANDER'S admiration of NAPOLEON was, as is well known,
unbounded, and he manifested it in every waYt A line
in a play before them was, " The friendship of a great
man is a present from the gods." ALEXANDER. bowed to
NAPOLEON and said, " that line was written for inc."
lie even carried his respect for NAPOLEON so far as to rise
when he entered the theiare. NAPOLEON knew how to
flatter his brother Emperor, and sent Colonel HENRI to
him one morning to give the sign and countersign for the
day. "My brother NAPOLEON i 9 too confident, too
amiable—it is impossible to be more gallant ; but I am
not at home, I am his guest ; it is for him to give the
word. Go, I pray you, and tell him so." " Sire, I have
orders not to return without obtaining it from your MA-
JESTY." " Well, as he insists on it, I will give it—
Erfurth and confidence."
Upwards of 2,000 men, including several hun-
dred Poles, will, we understand, soon leave France for
Oporto ; and in about three weeks a similar force, from
another point, will be on its way to that city. Among
those who have already been sent out, are some excellent
cavalry soldiers, for whom horses have been provided, and
in less than a fortnight Don PEDRO will rssess the cavalry
force which he considered necessary for immediate opera-
tion.. The Constitutional Guerillas are in the neighbour-
hood SOO strong. Between Oporto and Lisbon small
b inds of Constitutionalists had shown themselves on seve-
ral points, and had occasioned great inconvenience to the
authorities of Lisbon, by int'rcepting the correspondence
between the army and the capital.—Morning Paper.
TILE BOROUGH OF GREENWICII.—A pro-
ject, emanating from Greenwich Hospital, for the improve-
ment of this town, is proceeding upon a scale which justly
entitles it to be considered a bold and splendid undertak-
ing. The design consists in the removal of the old and
very low property near the great National Institution.
The unsightly buildings have been partly purchased, arid
handsome houses erected. Taverns and respectable pro-
perty will be raised upon the river frontage, the want of
which has been long felt, and complained of as injurious
to the interest of the town, by preventing the more fre-
quent resort of the wealthier classes of society, for whom
the present accommodation is too limited. They have
lately built a general market, by which the inhabitants
will have the advantage of a seasonable supply of all the
necessaries of life, at a moderate price. A street has been
formed equal in appe trance to any of the fashionable parts
of the metropolis. Ile shops for inusic, jewellery, dress,
and other articles of luxury are of the first class, and the
display of capital conveys an idea of great opulence. In
the pursuit of an object so beneficial to the district the
Royal Hospital incurred, in 1830, an expenditure of
nearly 140,000/. That sum has been considerably in-
creased. More than 100,0001. has been applied to tire
purchase of the interests in the inferior property, which is
annihilated, and good property substituted. It is now
obvious that tire scheme, independent of advantages which
may arise from the ultimate completion of the plans, has
already beeu attended with positive benefit. The borough

of Greenwich in a few years will assume more importance
than ever. The highly and justly estimated attractions of
Cr. enwich, with its proximity to the metropolis, must
continue to increase the wealth and importance of this
new borough.
Workmen arc now employed in repairing the
centre arch in the east wing of Tynemouth Priory.—
Tyne Mercury.
We rejoice in being enabled to state that
the dreadful ravages of the cholera at Bilston have at
length abated, and that a decidedly favourable change has
taken place.—Birmingham Gazette.
The fairs usually held at Denbllty, Honi-
ton's Ciist, and Sidmouth, will not take place this year, in
consequence of the prevalence of the cholera throughout
the country.— Western Luminary.
We can state with some confidence, that there
is a prospect in the city of returning finar reforming mem-
bers to Parliament,—an example, the importance of which
to the whole country cannot be two highly estimated.
The Isle of France is, with the exception of
the authorities, garrison, and a few English residents, as
much a French colony as ever ; all the owners of estates
nearly are Frenchmen ; the language spoken is the French,
and there is not any English newspaper in the island.
EXTRAORDINARY FECUNDITY.—On Mon-
day last, a ewe of the Dorsetshire breed, belonging to Mr.
W. JORDAN, butcher, at Cheltenham, yearned four lambs,
making a total of eight she has produced in ten months.
Bath Journal.
The following item is from a lawyer's bill,
supplied by a firm in Red Lion-square :—" For calling
on Mr. —, but, unfortunately, did not find him at
home, 6s. Sd." The same unfortunate circumstance
occurs five times in as many days.
FLIES.—A letter from Drogheda mentions
that during the ravages of cholera there was not a fly to he
seen in that town, but within the last two or three days
they have re-appi-ared in gre .t numbers—a circumstance,
it adds, which has caused great jey amongst the inha-
bitants.—Dubliti Morning Register..
We understand that there is no truth in the
accounts in the New York Papers of an insurrection
having broken out at Pernambuco on the 15th of July.
Letters were received hereon Sunday direct from Pernam-
buco, dated the 15th, at which time that place was per-
fectly tranquil.—Liverpool Times.
In compliance with a most respectably signed
requisition, the High Bailiff has convened a meeting of
the inhabitants for Friday next, to consider the propriety
of instituting an immediate inroiry into the condition of
the poor of this town, and of raising funds for distribution
of food, clothing, &c. among the necessitous.—Birming-
ham Gazette.
On Friday se'nnight, three men in the em-
ploy of Mr. HIGHMORE, of Preston, near Yeovil, were
suddenly alarmed by an extraordinary and violent rushing
of wind, and, in a moment, the greater portion of a field
of wheat was seen in the air, scattered in every direction,
some of the sheaves having been actually carried the dis-
tance of several fields.—Bath herald.
Died, at Mirfield, lately, in the 92d year of
his age, GEORGE PURNISs, a clothier. It is believed be
was the oldest member in the Methodist Society in the
Dewsbury c;rcuit. The coat made fur him at the expira-
tion of his apprenticeship was in his possession when he
died ; the coat in which be was married was the only one
he has had since that time, upwards of 50 years.
NATURAL CURIOSITY.—The Wythe (Va.)
Argus says, there is now in this place a negro boy, the
property of JOSEPH DRAYER, Esq., who is turning en-
tirely white. His body is nearly white, and his face en-
tirely so, with the exception of a few spots, the size of a
dollar; and what is more remarkable, his skin presents
the appearance of a white child, the rose and lily being
beautifully combined.
MELANCHOLY EFFECTS OF PREJUDICE.
—An elderly woman from John's parish was discharged
cured, from the Cholera Hospital, on Tuesday last, but
would not be allowed by her neighbours to re-occupy her
own house. The consequence was, that she had to pro-
ceed a little wav out of the city, and take up her lodging
that night on the brow of a limekiln, where she was found
suffocated in the morning.—Manchester Guardian.
A more than usual exchange of autograph
letters has passed within the last few days between several
of the principal Sovereigns of Europe. At the last levee
Prince LiEyEN presented to the KING an autograph letter
from the Emperor NICHOLAS, and by the last courier for
St. Petersburgh, a similar private communication was
forwarded from King Louis PHILIP to the Emperor of
Russm. Other autograph letters from the King of PRUSSIA,
&e. were previously presented to his MAJESTY.
The servant of a farmer, in the neighbour-
, hood of this town (Lewes), who has been in the habit of
boiling mangel wurzel as food for his master's pigs, incau-
dowdy suffered the contents to remain in the copper a
considerable time after the process of boiling, which, par-
taking of the deleterious particles of the copper, it is sup-
posed, poisoned the pigs, several of them having died,
after eating the food thus prepared for them.—Sussez
Advertiser.
PLURALITIES.---We congratulate the in-
habitants of the diocese of Hereford on one of the first acts
of Bishop GREY. By a reference to our Monmouth news,
it will be seen that his Lordship, on hearing of the Rev.
J. BULL'S application for the mastership of the free school
in that town, wrote to that gentleman, and expressed his
disapprobation of Mr. BULL'S holding the two situations.
Bishop GREY is, de facto, a new Bishop.—Hereford
Times.

THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE.—It was some
time ago stated, as the result of observations made by tbe
Academy of St. Petersburgh, that in that city the mag-
netic needle exhibited no variation The fact wls doubted,
and it was supposed that this reported anomaly arose from
the defective mobility of the instruments that had been em-
ployed. Recent observations prove that such was the
case ; and that diurnal variations of the needle occur in
St. Petersburgh as well as elsewhere.
ANT CLOUDS.—About 6 o'clock on Tues-
day evening, the singular phenomena of ant clouds were
observed near the Imperial pump room, and although
these appearances are common, they have not been seen
for many years in Cheltenham. The columns that were
observed extended far above the loftiest trees, and pre-
sented the appearance of beautiful waving pillars of cloud,
to the delight and admiration of several hundred specta-
tors,—Bath Journal.
On Saturday last, four men, NATHANIEL
HARRISON, EDWARD WARNER, JOHN HOLBOURN, anti
WILLIAM BRICE, were severally convicted before the
Reverend C. H. HALLETT and R. HALFORD, Esq., for
having eighty•four tubs 'of foreign spirits attached to
their boat, about two miles at sea, off the parish of Heine,
on the night of the 31st of August last. BRICE and
HOLBOURN (being seamen) were sentenced to serve in
his Majesty's navy five years each, and HARRISON and
WARNER to pay the penalty of 1001. each, and in default
of payment were committed to St. Augustine's gaol.—
Kentish Gazette.
DEATH OF JOHN SAYERS, THE VETE-
RAN POLICE-orricEa.—On Monday night, the oldest
Police-officer of the old school, and the coadjutor of the
fir-famed JOHN TOWNSEND for more than 40 years, ex-
pired suddenly at his residence at Pimlico. SAYERS was
at Bow-street on Monday morning, apparently in good
health, excepting a slight touch of gout, and something
of the feebleness of advanced ate, and he went home, ate
his supper with his family, and retired to bed. In an
hour after he was found a corpse. SAYERS was much
distinguished for his civility and attention as an officer,
and was greatly respected in his neighbourhood for his
kindness of disposition.
BERMUDA.—Captain SCOTT, of the brig
Queen of the Isles, from Turk's Island, reports that a
vessel had arrived there on the 31st ult. which had lost
three of her men by cholera ; that he learned that the dis-
ease had appeared at Bermuda, and that although its ra-
vages had not been very extensive, mmy of the inhabi-
tants were leaving the island. Here again then, this
mysterious disorder has shown itself in derision of all
theories and speculations concerning it. There is no
course of rivers that it could have followed to retch
Bermuda, for that island is in the midst of the ocean,
and fir removed from any continent. Its climate is so
mild and delightful as to have formerly acquired for it
tie appellation of Summer's Island, and the fresh water
on it is barely sufficient fur the supply of the inhabi-
tants.—New York Inquirer, Aug. 16.
CONVICTION UNDER THE CHOLERA ACT.
_On Thursday last, MATHEW CAUSLEY, of Chudleigh,
tallow-chandler, was convicted before the Hon. Captain
PELLEW and A. CHICHESTER, Esq., of obstructing and
insulting the members of the Board of Health, of Chud-
leigh, in the execution of their duty; for which offence
lie was fined in the mitigated penalty of 1/., with 6s. 6d.
costs. At the same time ELIZABETH HOLE was con-
victed of a similar offence, and on expressing her regret
at her improper conduct, with a promise of good beha-
viour in future, she was admonished and discharged,
The worthy Magistrates, after severely reprimanding the
parties, expressed their determination to support the
Board of Health in the due performance of their duties,
and in any future case to inlet the full penalty directed
by tLa Act.— Western ,Luminary.

PORTUGAL.

(From the Times Private Correspondent.)

OPORTO, SEPT. 4.
The state and condition of this town at present fully
tally with the accounts which have already reached Eng-
lan I. The most perfect order and most profound tran-
quillity prevail, nor could any one, since I have been here,
imagine that there was any thing like war in the vicinity,
except for the dropping of a few shots occasionally at a
distance, called for merely to show the guerillas of Don
Miguel that the troops of Donna Maria are on the alert.
The shops are all open, the mai kets are well supplied, and
all the ordinary business of buying and selling, as far as
relates to the necessaries and luxuries of life, does not ex-
perience the least intermission. Mills and ovens are now
established in the town so as to render it independent of
external supply, and there can be no danger of a scarcity
of material while the sea is open. Indeed, already a
vessel has arrived laden with flour and biscuit from Eng-
land, another with 800 barrels of flour is hourly expected,
and I have no doubt that in a short period there will ar•
rive from England a supply equal to a year's consumption.
The general interests of this town and its trade are of
n-cessity injured by the insecurity of the present state of
affairs, and, of course, the wish of all engaged in mercantile
concerns is peace. There does not, however, prevail such
alarm amongst the merchants as to induce them to ship
off their wine to England. On the contrary, they seem
dispose I to run all hazards, and allow it to remain, rather
than render it a drug in the English market. The com-
ing vintage is.expected to be most abundant ; but if the
present state of things continues, the greater proportion of
it must go to waste. The communication with the Upper
Douro is cut off, the usual supply of casks cannot he sent
up, and the farmers, in consequence, cannot save their
wine. Even should this be the case, it would not much

interfere with the prices of port in England, as there is,
if I am correctly informed, a three years' stock in store
here, exclusive of last year's wine not yet come down from
the country.
The Portuguese are, if we look to all history, naturally
prone to exaggeration, and they believe themselves still in-
dividually equal to their heroes of other days, their Al-
buquerques and Alenezes. " Fame," however,

" That last infirmity of noble minds,
To scorn delights, and live laborious days,"
does not now lead them. They are, however, capable of
great exertions, and most certainly there never was any
man of any nation who set a greater example of indefa-
tigable indn,try than the Emperor. His labours are almost
incredible, and he has had more done since he came than
would have keen performed in any ordinary twenty years
of this country. His force, of all arms, may be estimated
without exaggeration at 14,000 men. Of these 8,000
are old soldiers, and good ones ; the remainder consist of
the militia and volunteers raised in the town since his ar-
rival. The people are naturally quick to learn, and some
of these new troops now perform their evolutions in a man-
ner highly creditable. Their appearance is not of comae
imposing, and some of them are rather like Falstaff's
friends, with whom a Guardsman would not like to
" march through Coventry." Nevertheless, being incor-
porated as they now are with the regular regiments, their
appearance every day improves, and they rapidly approach
perfection in discipline. The town has been fortified as
well as the nature of the ground would admit, and all
the small eminences around, from the Torre de Maria,
on the side of the sea, to the Seminario, higher up
on the right bank of the Douro, are planted with
cannon. They are now also erecting some mortar bat-
teries, and 1 saw one last night, just completed,
at the Mirante. The Seminario, it will be recollected,
was the first point gained by our troops under General
Paget and Lord Hill, on the celebrated surprise of Oporto
by the Duke of Wellington, the 12th of May, 1809.
About 50 pieces of artillery are thus disposed ; beside
which there is a light train in the town, ready to move
from a centre, in a few minutes upon any point; and
barricades are erected at the entrance of every leading
street, each of which is defended by a trench externally,
with aplAtform for a gun on the inner side, and a breast-

work for infantry. Care has been taken to confine the
line of defence within as narrow a circuit as the nature of
the ground would admit; and if well defended, the forti•
fications now thrown up would offer the most serious im-
pediment to any army, and are considered here quite im-
pregnable by Don Miguel's troops. The conduct of his
Generals seems unaccountable in permitting, without even
the shadow of an interruption, the erection of these works.
Every day Don Pedro coutinles to strengthen them, and all
the gallegos are put in requisition for this labour. At the

other side of the river works have also been constructed. The
convent of Serra is not abandoned, as has been stated in
some of the London papers; o❑ the contrary, it has been
put in a good state of defence, and guns mounted there.
Videttes are also thrown out to St. Ovidio : beyond
it is a very high hill, which commands an extensive pro-
spect over the road leading to Santo Redondo and Ovar.
Some of the regiments of the line are fine-looking bodies
of men, and I was present at the parade of the sth Caca-
dores, on Suday evening, and I never saw a more soldierly
appearance than they presented. The piquette from the
town patrole to about the distance of two miles, and be-

yond these are to be seen the fires of the Miguelites at dif-
ferent points in the valleys. Nothing can be more beau-
tiful than the view from the Convent of Born Fin, one of
the largest fortified points on the Valongo-road. It corn-
mands an extensive sweep of the most varied scenery, and
in the evening, when the watch fires are begun to be
lighted, the sensation produced by the prospect would
make war delightful even to a lady—particularly as it is of
so peact able a description, that her nerves would not be
shocked half as much as those of English fenialeit fro-
quently are by their friends returning from the slaughter
of partridges. Some firing there is every day, and yester-
day there was a skirmish in the Carvalliito-road, be-
tween Agua Ardente and Jirelada, about half a league
from the town. Three companies of Chasseurs, belong-
in to Don Miguel's force, attacked one of the outposts
which was defended by about 50 of the 2d Cacadores and
piquette of Volunteers. The Miguelites were, as usual,
accompanied with a considerable guerilla, hut Were re-
pulsed, with the loss of four killed and some wounded.
There were two wounded on this side.

This, perhaps, may be the best place to give you such
accounts of Don Miguel's force as I have been able to col-
lect ; they can, of course, be bit meagre and imperfect ;
such as they are, however, they are better not withheld.
The head-quarters of the Commander-in-Chief on the
north side (the Visconde de Pezo da Regoa, better known
as Gaspar Teixeira) are alterivitely at Valongo and San
Cosme. His second in command is the Visconde de Santa
Martha. The force with them is estimated at from 16,000
to 18,000 men. Of these, 6,000 are of the line, the re-
mainder militia and ordenanzas. On the south side the
force is about 4,000, at the outside, inclusive of a rein-
forcement arrived within a few days from Lisbon, under
the command of Augusto Pinto. This reinforcement
amounted to 2,000 men, and consisted of the sth regi-
ment of infantry, 700 strong ; and one battalion of the 4th
regiment, 300 in number. The other thousand are made
up of militia. They have also got up some heavy artillery,
21-pounders, in the whole, as I understand, not more
than six, and two mortars. The nature of the roads
made their transport extremely difficult, and at all events
it is very likely they have come too late. Every spot
within the range of the town, where a battery could be
advantageously placed, is occupied and fortified by I)on
Pedro, and there appears, to my unmilitary eye, but one
place open to attack—namely, the ground about
the Carvalhito-road, which is, comparatively speaking,
open and level. Guns are also in position there,
and the two crack regiments, the sth and 2d Cacadores,
are s'ationed on that spot. Miguel's troops are well fed,
and have plentiful supplies, so far as eatables and am-
munition are concerned. They are, I am told, at the
same time, in a very ragged condition, and most deplorably
in want of shoes. They are too now rather discontented,
as they have done nothing in their two months' campaign
but watch the progress of the hostile works without any.
attempt to interrupt them. Whatever be the number of
the reinforcements arrived from Lisbon, they cannot make
up for the counterbalancing impediments of the fortifica-
tions here ; and if they could not force the town when it
lay open before them, the chances in their favour are any-
thing but increased. There are symptoms even now of
the weather breaking up, and the equinoctial rains here
are of an overwhelming description. They usually set in
about a fortnight from this time. When these set in,
Don Miguel's army must suffer greatly, as they, are gum-
tered i the open country, while Don Rqlro s troops have
the advantage of excellent barracks and perfect shelter from
the weather. I cannot, therefore, but think that if they
mean an attack at all, they must make it speedily. Should
it fail, as for the reasons I have just given I think pruba.
ble, there is no saying what the moral effect of such an
event upon the country may b.,. The militia must be
anxious to get home and attend to their harvests, the wine
harvest especially, now about to commence. The people
of Tras os Montes have been ineffectually invited to take up
arms and expel the invaders. They and the entire P oP u-
lation of the wine countries are dependent upon Oporto
for supplies, even of necessaries. Communication is now
cut off, as I have observed before, and their harvest will
be totally lost if relations be:ween those districts and
Oporto are not speedily restored. Don Pedro has with
him here the heads of sonic of the noblest and most re-
spected families in Portugal, and should lie gain a decided
advantage, it is more than probable that the former influ-
ence of these Nobles would instantly revive. The people

generally cannot continue to believe the fabrications of th.
Lisbon Gazette, and their disappointment at the failur
of the magnificent promise held out, both with respect t.
army and fleet, cannot but be shown. Whatever be tb
result, it is almost impossible for any one, not an into
rested enemy of Don Pedro, not to sympathize with him
The boldness of his attempt alone must secure him eh
admiration of every ardent mind, and the energy, the p'
tience, and the industry he displays, cannot, I think, h
to win the respect of persons Of cooler temperament. Il
is every where almost in a moment, and the instant a sin
is fired he is on horseback, and oft to the point of attacl
To him, as even those opposed to him admit, is to be 3,
tributed the salvation of this expedition, after the con
mission, by others, of very considerable errors. 'I.l
captain, whose treachery or cowardice occasioned the a"
hap at Santo Redondo, is not to be shot, but degrade)
and banished for 10 years.
Letters from Lisbon state that the masts now puttin
into the Don John and a frigate are of heavy Brazil wool
which must impede their sailing very much, and therefor
give Sartorius the long wished-for opportunity of gettin
within arm's length of them.
Another topic which has caused conversation, del
created 3. good deal of interest here, has been the allege
conduct of the Spanish acting consul : lie, it is said, del
vered despatches for his Government openly to a galleg
and sent him off with them. Some of the outposts, 6°
pectins something, seized this man, anal broke his sticl
within this was a private letter to General Santa Martb
describing the state of this town. What the exact col
tents of the letter were I know not, but I am inform'
that this gentleman is no longer to be seen here.
While canning on shore, I had a conversation with 11
fishermen that brought me, and they and all of their cla
are well pleased at the new regime. Self-interest, tl
great -ruling principle, guides them. Formerly they h'
to give up four fish out of every ten they caught, one
the priest as tithe, another was called the Count's due
and two were reserved for Caesar. From my imperfe
knowledge of the language, I could not comprehend the
explanations, but t.he•ir pleasure at being relieved le)
these imposts could not be mistaken.
The Miguelite commander on the south side is the Pe
gadier Nicholas d'Abreu, General Povoas having ask
leave to go to the Caldas da Rainha for the benefit of 1,1,
health. The hardest service here is that of Captain Ke
who commands three gun•hoats up the Douro. His hoe
are open, and he is constantly annoyed by guerillas fr°
the banks, but he puts them to flight in the most gall+
manner.

LISBON, SEPT. PI%
I mentioned in my last, that the squadron of Don i
guel bad returned to the Tagus, one of the vessels havil
received some damage in her hull, and had her fore'o
nearly cut in two, and a few men killed and wounded
board. Six of the vessels have since been repaired, 1°
are now below Belem, and are to sail in a day or to
against their opponents, who appear off the bar every
Admiral Sartorius has in this neighbourhood 2 frigate*
corvettes, 2 brigs, 2 schooners, and 2 steam vessels ; a‘
Miguel's fleet consists of the Don John, a frigate, 2 0,
vettes, 2 brigs, and a steamer (that which has been P':
ing between this pin:a and Oporto), and its Admiral, J°l
Felix, boasts that now that he has better crews, and I
fast sailing vessels (the heavy sailing ones are left
hind), he will capture and bring to Lisbon the whole
of the enemy. A p ior blacksmith was strangled at s
Castle on the 22d ult., and his head and hands were al!
wards severed from his body, and stuck up in front of
la :use at Janelles 'Verdes. He was denounced, it sell
by a police soldier, as having got several of Don Pd'"
~
lriends on board the Viper, to be conveyed to OP,
His wife was sentenced to transportation to Africa for ,'°
but she has since died mad in the prison of Limoeir
This horrid act has struck terror into the opposer
of Miguel, and I fear that not the sightest °PI
ing movement can be counted on, unless Don
comes thundering at the gates of Lisbon.
Government is in great difficulties for money, an
hear that the army up the country is miserably
and clothed, and that the officers find it a most archli°
task to keep the soldiers in a state of any thing like au,
dioation. Three engineer officers have gone from be
to fortify Santarem, which, being the key of Lisboa,
course implies that the usurper by no means feels secure
SEPTEMBER 4.—We have nothing new to-day. 'Vigil
fleet has nut yet put to sea. The Board of Health
ordered that the Viper shall henceforth be kept in qu3:o,
tine, evidently with the view of preventing too free ant,
naunication.—Exchange, 471 to ; agio, 25 per ce

(From the Morning Herald Private Correspondent')
OPORTO, AUa,•5
--•
Don Pedro has acted with extraordinary activitie
putting the city in a state of defence, and his plans f't
founded on good judgment and military skill. He
avoided the error which was committed when the pdi
guese forfeited the town against Soult, that of eitea,
their works fir into the country, and which that Getc;
forced, though they were defended with 200 pieces of
tJ
nom The present garrison has contracted the line'
half circle, resting on the river en the left and right, I,
touching the heads of the principal streets in the 'lnf
Those who know Oporto will understand that the 'rjte
commence at the Terre de Marca, where a strong l'ac,
cdrnminds the river and the opposite bank ; thee bi
tinned to the heights of Villar and Born Success°, 'le
command the read from Mattasinhos ; thence to Cor
hada, which acts on the line from Villa de Conde; r
to Da Lapa and the Lerio, which command the fio
road to Agoardente and Monte Pedral, which inveePi.;l
from Guirnsrens to Born Fin and Mirante, which eove,;,l,
Valongo road, and to the Seminano, which again fa'ci'd
the river, where the Duke of Wellington made ltts
orated passage.
erect
On all these points there are substantial batteries J
which sweep every road bearing on the town, an"A
~,ot
their fires ova r the intervening country. The slial:tse
tween the batteries most exposed are defended by itt
ales, and the pine woods have all been cut downer 1
their range, to deprive the assailants of cover in thejor
roaches. This is the first line on which the safety
town depends, but, should they be forced at any rlir;
the streets to which they lead are secured by a end'
forts or stout barricades of stone, six feet deep,
feet high, with a parapet for musketry, and embras%
guns : and the heart of the city, and the retreat 1' e
river, are seem ed by a similar chain of works,
structed on scientifiic principles, and in a substaotterl
nee ; so that there are three lines defended by baeoct
ruounting sixty pieces of artillery ; then by forts, tr
and mines, within a circle of about three or fi'urijo
within which a garrison of 15,000, and a small t' so
artillery, can act in any direction with great ease ea sf
parative safety; and if that garrison stand to their
btl
like men, an enemy will have a tough job to get the
of them. But they must rely on themselves el°°,6,o'
the inhabitants are not a fighting people, and they
expect the formidable aid which the people gave ern:
and Brussels from the houses. All that I have: "
-ft.&
has been done within three weeks, and though l4lll
guel's Generals must have known what was going "J.:
out their firing a shot to prevent it. The defence!..ol)!
south side of the river are not so good, but sod f`'
has been done there also to secure the small s'reets
bA
Nova. The Serra convent, perched on the top of :401
rock, commands the river and the whole of VtllJit
and until that is forced an enemy can do nothing ",,so'
the town from that side. But if that be carried theoto
if
e rdwe
sitsreu,encot:O:nli
vro
pneaav,iteafnititilvioeer him,tssyeeeeto devise
i:ditneyv:ciiastwyseei
ototiffihtethhiiiemse
kuerlaiitnyni
gmesrda001:::::!:1001;
ltihaen kt
,civfn
he has
theia i am hisean
means
afndd
doing
nagndsol:eoCr3rf
hhe°
n
is
on its destruction—On alternative to which M' at rlc`,)
is not likely to resort as long as he has hopes 01
oththe
ei
iapa,
and
aiemicneandttetoei greatshou d importance.even his
ing a country which is avowedly not friendly to 'jos
question is therefore to him daily resolving itself
of finance, and here lie may stay as long as he ba%rolih°,
and it vitas. Of course I have no means of ,s('' I
his
actual expeediture, hut I think a calculation supDpolinesPbeydrloindis,bet::::
'C
!,I,!atle Will exhibit a large portion of it.
809 English seamen, at 40s per month ................. ' „
401 PortugueSe ditto ...•
..
..
..
......... ........
100 Officers, not includiWg—the Admiral, but incluaL"„.;
allowance, per week, for mess, '2Ol. per merit° ';pa
2 steamers, hired at 401. each per day with steam IP'eacl'
'2O/. per day with steam down, average
..... ••
lr
Per day. ........................................................
Rations and wine for 1,200 men, at Is. per day ......... '
..
For the Navy per month ..............................
litre of transports, per month ................................
r laid' I),
13;,ciitti
12,000 soldiers, at is. per day pe ,
Rations and wine, at rid. per man per day Per, 00'
Rations for 3,000 National Guards, who receive ..... r,
rid. per day ................ . ............. .......................
1,000 Officers, at 4s. per day, average ...................... $4;

... " /
Sundries ...................................................... .......... po,

Total per month ................ns...ld ..er
.. .;;;If
From this rough c tleulation, which is co
der the fact, an idea of Don Pedro's expense'
form d. His current charges to be met are aboatt;,:i'
l
a day, and he has further to provide for the Wh"1e,1010
of G.overnment, the cost of his estahl shmentt csl
Staff, Generals, Ministers, &s., and the diplonisitlfroot,,
ses, of which you can form as good an idea as , le°
which require altogether a very, expensive

to be contemplated for a whole winter. So that Don
Pedro is pl iced in this dilemma—his only security is to
remain at Oporto for the winter, and if he remain there
he must of necessity he consuming his resources. I must
say that since the moment of his landing, Don Pedro has
conducted himself in the 11104 t creditable manner. By his
exertions alone Oporto has been placed in its present state,
and he has accomplished more in a short space of time
than, I believe, ever Portuguese accomplished before him.
You will see by the Court Circulars that he rises at five,
and immediately examines all the lines; that he works at
them, or with his Ministers, the whole of the day ; and
that he seldooa retires from business until eight in the
evening. One great object he has in view is to conciliate
the reople of the wine district in the Tray-os-Moutes, who
depend on Oporto for their supplies, and for the sale of all
their produce. This is the season at which they clear out
their old stocks, and prepare for the new vintage; the in-
terruption of the communication with Oporto is fatal to
their interests, and he has distributed proclamations
amongst them, exciting them to rise to make common
cause with him, and offering to sacrifice the monopoly of
the Wine Company, which would be a great good to
to them. Some persons are sanguine enough to imagine
that the wine country. will join the revolution. Indeed, it
will be compelled, in its own defence to join Dun Pedro,
or to drive him from Oporto, for without Oporto it can-
not exist.

OPORTO, TUESDAY, SEPT. 4.
The Portuguese, according to custom in all seasons of
difficulty, hive buried their coin, and there is almost a
scarcity of metal for the necessary payments. The im-
ports from England have been so scanty that no one has
occasion to remit, and those who have transactions with
the Government find great difficulty in turning their drafts
on London into cash. Our officers have been sadly incon-
venienced in this respect, anti I know one gentleman who
was glad to receive 101. on account of a Government bill
for 601., until it WAS sent forward for payment.
In speaking of the. English officers, I am reminded
that it is my duty to caution you against ill reports which
may reach home of the conduct of some persons connected
with this expedition. There is undoubtedly a charge made
against two persons for having conveyed property from a
h. ous! where they were quartered ; but I have inquired
into it, and 1 find that the persons were not attached to
the expedition in any regular shape, and they never did
hold commissions in the English divisions, either
naval or military. It gives me pleasure to say that
all the officers I have met were of the most gen-
tlemanlike manners and appearance, and their con-
, duct has reflected nothing but atedit on their country.
1 °cm I expected to find amongst them some of
this stamp of adventurers, but I have been especially dis-
o appointed, and few regiments at home can show a better-
selected corps of officers. They have hitherto had the
post of danger and of honour on the piquets in the Val-
-1"g0 road. Sartorius, as you know, commands the fleet,
and a Captain. Rose, a fine dashing son of Neptune, acts
as his Commodore in the Douro, and preserves an excel-
lent
nightpolice, which may probably save the town some
night from a surprise by water. He has under him in ad-
vance, about a mile above Oporto, a Captain Hill, who
performs the desperate duty of holding the river in check
against the flights of guerillas, who line it at both sides,
i° °Pen gun-boats, where lie and his men are exposed both
day and night to the weather, as well as to the enemy.
This is truly the most desperate part of the service, and
none but an English s iilor could be found to undertake it.
It is, however, necessary that the river should be well
attled, a, you recollect that the Conde de Taipa, in
1827, relieved Oporto from the advance of the Marquis
of ea
, "vet; by dropping 300 men in boats down the
stream; and if Miguel's people had now the pith of men,
they might provide themselves wish any quantity of boats
'll the wine country, each of which holds SO pipes of
wine, and come down some dark night even to the quays
of Oporto, while a simultaneous attack was made on it by
land.
The English officer on whom all eyes are bent, and on
rout the hopes of this expedition and the final success of
, Pedro depend, is Admiral Sartorius. He is now off
Lisbon watching the fitting out of Don Miguel's squadron,
and there are four or five small vessels here in readiness to
join him the moment the word is given. I understand he
is determined to attack the moment he has an opportunity,
waiving those calculations of prudence which properly in-
duced him to refrain from so doing before. Admiral Sar-
t
°rine complains that his
misren r
-es motives and conduct have been
tined in England, and has addressed to you the
following letter. To those who are acquainted with his
spirited conduct at Lisbon, in 1827, an explanation like
this is unnecessary, but he is naturally anxious to set him-
self right in the estimation of his countrrmen
" Ilainha de Portugal, Aug. 21, off Oporto.
Sir --it having come to my ears that reports are now en-.
dilatins in England which I conceive greatly prejudicial to my
character namely, that I have been amply indemnified and
Protected against any and every risk I might run by the loss of
rank and service in my own country—it behoves me in self-
defence to make the following statement, to which I request
You will have the kindness to give early publicity, through the
'medium of your valuable and popular paper :
" On acceding to the request made by the Portuguese Con-
stitutionalists in 1830, that I would undertake the command of
the Present expedition, I did so from the purest feelings and
the most disinterested motives—namely, those of warm sym-
Path). with suffering humanity, and a most anxious desire of
seeing restored to happiness and freedom a deeply-oppressed
country. And, notwithstanding I had unlimited authority,
and was requested to make my own terms upon the occasion,
Yet I felt such was the precarious and contracted condition of
their Pecuniary resources at that time, that I could not accept
any thing without most materially infringing upon the ways
and Means of the commission, and I therefore resolved to
abandon every idea of indemnification, leaving to chance all
My personal interests, and feeling assured that, whether I failed
or succeeded, my character at least could never suffer in the
estimation of the more generous and intelligent portion of my
fellow-countrymen.
" Although my character has been frequently impugned in
some of the public papers, and myself persecuted in the most
ungentlemanly and illiberal manner, even by a brother officer,
I did not think it worthy of my attention. I had, previously
to my quitting England, already placed my sentiments in the
hands of a public journalist, in the hope that the exposition of
them would have deprived even malevolence itself of the power
of misinterpreting my conduct ; but I regret that my plans in
that respect have not proved so efficacious as I could wish, and
had expected.—l have the honour to be, &c."
The Oporto Papers are delighted with the assistance
which the English Pros give their cause, and they ate
filled with extracts from the leading articles on the debates
in Parliament. The discussion between the Duke of Wel-
lington and Earl Grey has rivetted their attention, and the
Chronica, in its emulation, declares that Lord Grey put.
verised all the arguments of his gallant opponent.
A circumstance occurred a few days since, which is
wrapped in some mystery. The communication in the
interior being stopped, the Spanish acting Consul sends
letters to his Government by the gallegi, who are return-
ing to the North of Spain ; but in a hollow stick belong-
ing to one Obis messengers, was discovered the other day
a description of the state of this town, its fortifications,
and means of support. It was also said that there was a
letter to Santa Martha, and it would appear that some
strong remonstrances have been made as to his mode of
sending his private despatches, and as to his being found
in correspondence with the Generals of Don Miguel. The
gentleman in question has withdrawn, either from Oporto,
or he confines himself to his own home, and the affair, at
present but little understood, affords sufficient ground for
a thousand inventions relative to the use about to be made
against Spain of this notorious act of intervention.

LISBON, AUG. 31.

The most material occurrence is, the disagreements be-
tween Don Miguel's Generals, which seems to have ar-
rived at a high pitch. General Povoas went to Coldoss
Baths in disgust, and has since resigned. The Visconde
Pejo de Regoa, a man high in the confidence of Don
Miguel, is appointed to a high command, with unlimited
Powers, and this appears not to have been well understood
by the Minister at War. The offence given to Povoas was
taking awa
thin y all his regular troops, and leaving him no-
g but militia in his division, and giving his regular
troops to General St. Martha. The Commissar General
y-
belonging to St. Martha's division was also dismissed by
rations for
Visconde Pejo de Regn a, for leaving the division with halt
two days, and entirely without for four days.—
It is fortunate for the army that there is abundance of
grapes and figs, to which they can help themselves, or
their distress would be deplorable. A Portuguese soldier
can live on fruit, with a little bread.
The same sort of dissension reigns in the naval depirt-
rnent. Captain Schultz is removed from the command
of the Don John VI., 74, and Jose Antonio Marielino is
appointed to command that vessel, J. P. N. de Cunha,
second in command, Captain l3erreiros, who volunteered
on board the Don John Vi., is appointed to command
the frigate Doradinha. M. J. P. Carvalho is removed
from brig Isabel-Maria ; and the late commander of
Don John VI., 74, appointed to command her, and se-
veral other mortifying appointments have taken place.
The three brigs Providenlia, Thirteenth of llfiy, and
Twenty-second February, paid off, to enable them to
complete the crews of the two large ships. Don John
VI. has now a crew of 778, and the frigate 528 men,
all prime sailors, and it is positively said they go out on
Tuesday, Sept. 4.
Captain Caminho is appointed to the brig Tejo.
When he went to Cachaes to thank Don Miguel for his
uppointineut, his Majesty said he had appointed ten die-
emhargatores to investigate the late cruise, and that who.