The Sun.
London, England, 1859-05-17 00:00:00

the same subject :- ." According to our last accounts,
General Giulay quits the command of the Austrian
army, and is to be replaced by Baron Hess. The
first events of the war must have caused great dis-
content to the Emperor Francis Joseph, to cause him
to some to such a resolution ; for Baron Hess had
fallen into a sort of disgrace for having shown him-
self more of a soldier than a courtier. The follow-
ing is the anecdote current in the salons of Vienna:
The Emperor communicated to the general a plan
of campaign in Italy, and asked his opinion of it.
Sire,' said Baron Hess, after having seriously
examined it, ' I must declare to your Majesty that
the author of this work has no military know-
ledge, and that to execute his suggestions would
infallibly lead to the defeat of the army.' The
Emperor knit his brow, and said—' I am the author
of the plan; others have found it excellent. Ten
years ago, general, you yourself would have
thought otherwise than you now do, but in getting
old you become timid.' General Hess is old
enough for this remark to have hurt him se-
verely. He was born in 1788, entered the ser-
vice in 1805, and his services have been highly
appreciated by those acquainted with military
affairs. It was he who advised the operations of
the five days' campaign, which in 1849 decided
the fate of Italy by the defeat of Novara, and Mar-
shal Radetsky loudly stated this to be the fact.
Military pride got the better for the time of the
general's respect as a subject. He wrote a letter
to the Emperor, in which he complained of the
expressions used by his Sovereign, adding that
after having maturely reflected on the matter, he
could not for a moment think that his 71 years had
at all impaired his faculties, and that with respect
to the plan of campaign he thought he should be
only giving a fresh proof of his devotedness in re-
pectfully advising the Emperor not to carry it into
execution. For his own part, though he considered
himself still young in mind and capable of being
useful to his country, yet he frequently found that
the wounds he had received in the service of Austria
rendered repose salutary, and that he consequently
tendered his resignation. It would now appear
that the Emperor refused to allow the baron to
retire, and still makes use of his old experience."

The Fremdenblatt announces that the Austrian
army now counts the following German princes
among its generals :—The Landgrave Ferdinand of
Hesse-Homburg ; Alexander, Prince of Wurtem-
berg ; Alexander, Prince of Hesse ; the Prince of
Schleswig-Holstein ; and the Princes Gustavus
and William of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Prince
Nicholas of Nassau has arrived in Vienna on his
way to join the Austrian army in Italy. Prince
William of Schaumburg-Lippe, son of the reigning
prince, has just entered the Austrian service.

According to late official returns, the permanent
army of Prussia amounts to 211,731 men, and with
the war reserve to 275,895.

The Diet of Frankfort at its last sitting voted a
resolution for placing the garrisons in the federal
fortresses on a war footing. Hanover having pro-
posed to concentrate an army of observation on the
western frontier of the Confederation, Prussia cate-
gorically opposed the measure.

BOURSE, May 16.—The market has been steady,
with a slight advance in prices, owing to the result
of the subscription to the loan, which amounts, it
is said, to upwards of 2,200,000,000 f., and the sub-
scriptions of 17 departments are not complete. The
Credit Mobilier have subscribed for 150,000,000 f.
Threes, after having been done at 60f. 75c., improved
to 61f.; Mobilier varied from 560 f. to 570 f. ;
Austrian, 355 f. to 360 f. ; Orleans, 1,150 f. to
1,157 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 752 f. 50c. to 757 f. 50c. ;
Eastern, 575 f. to 580 f. ; Northern, 855 f. to 860 f. ;
and Lombard, 425 f. to 428 f. 75c.

The following were the closing quotations :-
4t per Cents. B9 25 , Cr4dit Fonder.... C 3)
Do. end month B9 Belgian 4f . —
3 per Cents 6l 10 Piedmontese (5) .. 77
Do. end month 6O 95 Roman 7B
Bank Shares 2BOO Austrian

Credit Mobilier .. 580 -- Spanish Threes
Do. Account ..... 575 Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern BBO .. 877 50
New ditto 750 .. 750
Lyons and Mediterranean 765 .. 767 50
Geneva 450. .. 445
Southern
Wpo t 0.,,,,

Eastern
Sardinian.

Austrian

360 - .. 358 75

Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 71c. ; money,
25f. sc. ; three months, paper, 24f. 90c. ; money, M. 87ic.

LITERATURE.

The Last of the Cavaliers. 3 vols. Bentley.
This is, in many respects, a remarkable work,
presenting a picture of an exciting era in the
national history, drawn with a vividness that ren-
ders it impressive, and brilliant with the colouring
of imaginative romance. The character of John
Graham of Claverhouse is a grand one, and what-
ever were his faults his merits eclipse them. The
stern adherence that he manifested towards a
desperate cause, the unshrinking fidelity which he
displayed to a sovereign who roused no kindred
sympathies by his valour or constancy, the spirit
with which he confronted all danger, and faced all
foes, whether they were the warriors of the battle
field, or the darker and more dangerous opponents
of the crafty Convention, all combine to prove his
undeniable claim to the name of a hero. The latter
portion of his career is here chronicled, and the
passages are narrated in a striking manner. It is
no wonder that his name alone was sufficient to
strike terror into the ranks of the insurgents, and
that the most zealous of the Puritan partizans had
devoted themselves to his destruction. The hardest
part of his struggles was, however, in his own
ranks, where mutiny, discord, and vacillation
reigned paramount. He roused himself to inspirit
others, but his vehement exhortations were disre-
garded ; and the King himself injured his cause
greatly by the want of firmness. An impresiive
account is given here of the scene that occurred pre-
vious to the departure of James, when Claverhoase
urged, with all the fire of his spirit and the ardour
of his nature, that some decisive measures should be
at once taken :—" You are lost, sire, unless you
decide now," was his unhesitating assertion.
" The current runs swiftly on. To-morrow the
-very power of deciding may. be beyond
your reach for ever. Up. then, sire ; you may
triumph, you may fall, but Dundee will avenge you
first and die by your side, if you fall as becomes
your martyred father's son, the descendant of a
hundred kings." It is a satisfaction that this
dauntless man died in a manner that was in ac-
cordance with the tenor of his life : he was doomed
to no lingering imprisonment and to no hidden
fate by the stealthy attack of some midnight
assassin, but his brave spirit departed in the hour
of victory, rejoicing in the rays of the last gleam
that brightened the fortunes of his cause. It was
a fitting close to so brilliant a career that he should
look " proudly to heaven from the death-bed of
fame ;" and that country in whose annals he holds so
prominent a place can pdint to none of her soldier-
sons who crowned a gallant life with a more glo-
rious death than he of whom it has been written—.
" So, amidst the battlmoe'fasntthhheounoGddneer,
nie
1,,
Shot, and steel, and scorching flame,
Inpt
Passed
egdl glory p
osfhi his manhood
Apart from the historical portion of
book, there are sketches of private- life thate
are most powerfully brought before us. Alice
Scott, the heroine, is a
character. Her life was a very melancholy one,
and the records of her story are told with
interesting w t
h a
mourn-
ful pathos that is touching
Norman, from its truthfulness.
Her brother,was a source of constant
saenhxeimeteys
of
fo
theher;
he was deeply involved in the
proved of them in h
Covenanters, and while she disap-
er heart,
taken
i vveidi s ionn
er
hourly
dread of seeing her brother
and
submitted to some dreadful fate. He was, besides,
of a most ungovernable temper, and totally devoid
of any kindly feeling. The infatuation which
distinguished the Puritans is well described here,
and the case of Norman is a powerful instance of
it. When he committed the most dastardly acts,
he considered himself not only justified, but praise-
worthy; and while his conduct disgraced the name
of a man, he believed himself under the itzflu-
elle° of divine inspiration, and aspired to rank
among the elect of heaven. Macaulay, in one of
his admirable essays, has written a passage glowing
with eloquence on the subject of the Puritans.
In describing their feelings he says, "On the
I rich and the eloquent, the noble and the
priest, they looked down with contempt,
for they esteemed themselves rich in a more pre-
cious treasure, and eloquent in a more sublime
language ; nobles by the right of an earlier creation,
priests by the imposition of a mightier hand."
This, grand as it may sound in words, is manifestly
the height of assumption and bigotry. The promise ;3
of the Scripture were for all mankind, and not the
exclusive heritage of an intolerant sect ; and those
who critically analyse the human character will

recognise something far nobler in the devotion of
the Cavalier, even if it were misguided in its zeal,
than in the fanaticism of the Puritan. The
description of the scenes through which Alice
passed in her frantic endeavour to warn Dun-
dee of his danger is most forcibly given.
The attachment which she felt for the
distinguished man whose genius she so admired,
and who had saved her from a dreadful fate by his
decision and kindness, was not unlikely, especially
when the peculiar circumstances that attended her
lot are considered. She was romantic in her nature,
and the lonely style of her life was in itself cal-
culated to depress her spirits, and excite her ima-
gination. Stirring scenes soon bring the cha-
racter to maturity, and Alice, whose gentle
nature would have remained simple if left to
a calm existence, soon raised itself to meet the
emergency ; and when, at the age of eighteen, she
closed her eyes on the scene of this world's sin
and suffering, she was older is cares than many
who have lived to twice that age. Lord Glencarrig
is a fine character ; there is something very
noble
in his disposition. The constancy of his attach-
ment to his cousin, Lord Dundee, and the sincerity
of his love to the humble Alice, were sufficient
proofs of his upright and devoted nature. lie was
as unfortunate as his friends in that sad period,
for he met with disappointments on all sides. It
was to his honour that he did not allow them to
pervert his disposition ; but he, on the contrail',
disciplined his wild passions, and became refined
through the furnace in which he had endured such
agony. He returned from the grave of his kinsman
to the home of his beloved Alice, to find that she
too had passed from the troubling of the wicked,
to the blessed land where the weary are at rest.
The reader will find much in this work to
engage his attention, excite his interest, and
call forth his admiration. It contains a brief but
brilliant sketch of the career of a master spirit of
his day, and it presents some striking notices of an
important epoch. It also delineates with the
force of truth, and the expressiveness of deep feel-
ings those dark passages of human life, whose con-
flicts are harder to sustain than those of the battle
field, and whose anguish is more bitter than that
of the mourner at the grave. " The Last of the
Cavaliers" may claim to rank among the
most
meritorious of the novels of the present season; for
it not only possesses an attractive subject, but the
execution is excellent in thought and style. It-can
hardly fail to gain the reader's sympathy for the
sorrows of the gentle heart of Alice Scott, and to
excite his admiration for the brave spirit, and heroic
courage of the great Dundee.

The Jews in the East. By the Rev. P. Beaten'
M.A., from the German of Dr. Frankl. 2 "15
Hurst and Blackett.
This is in many respects a curious and interesting
work. :Dr. Frankl, the original author, is an
Austrian Jew, a physician by profession, who ..Was
charged by a German lady with a mission to the
Holy Land. Madame Herz, a Jewish lady of for__
tune, was desirous of establishing a school at len
salem, to which all creeds should be admitted ,
they felt inclined to become members. She reque4e__
Dr. Frankl to undertake the fulfilment of nfa
benevolent intention, and he accordingly quitw,io
Austria for Palestine, availing himself, during'
route, of all opportunities of studying the conditly_
of his brethren in the East. The picture he dralv;;
is a very gloomy one, the condition of the Jews
Jerusalem itself being degraded and miserable'
The manner in which the alms of the benevoNl
Jews in other lands area ppropriated by the real 'Te
is anything but creditable while the indolence
and apathy of many of them contrasts stronV.
with our notions of Jewish business transactio
The benevolent plans of Sir Moses Montefi
Albert Cohen, and other eminent members of the
Jewish persuasion have languished from the ni,sr e
management and indifference of those they w.`,11..
intended to benefit. The schools, and other install,
tions, they founded at Jerusalem, have declined and
deteriorated from the idleness and avarice of thte:
immediately concerned. Dr. Frankl laments that
the attention of the community is not turned to til°
cultivation of the soil. On this subject he observes
as follows :
spe"eileln
atthteenteioarnliteor
thpeartfruoitffuinthiessswoofrtkhews
salem, and in Palestine generally ; the only difference,
_f;
that it is presented to the eye in a different form from_lisyr,„
we see in European countries, blessed with water. Ind_ it;
and skill are them agic wands which here, as elsewh_e%
call forth rich and abundant harvests. Fields and gard!
still germinate and bring forth fruit as in the days of Its
eoilhaarvoeunddir2J Jeri'
salem,
Bible ; even the stony hills and rocks, which duringel
long reign of barbarism were left uncultivated, are
" In the village of Der el liamar, on the inhospitable
cragod
with mulberry trees and vineyards planted by the Uhreeeirts
of Lebanon, there is an entire Jewish community enr,
in agriculture and in rearing cattle. None but Jews are
salem ; here we saw only one man, who had bought ar.a
nteßfiuotreal'sl ptlhianstaitsioonsutoofJeri
employeda dpomegranates
at Jaffa.
Moses
M °
cultivated a corner of Mount Zion, which amply rep g!
him for his labour. Mr. Meschulam, an English Jew, wpr
has now been Imptigtpd, bought a few years ago the ems'
closed garden of Solomon,' as it is called, near BethlehenDl,
and raises the finest fruit, and such excellent vegetable as
were never known in Jerusalem before. At first he suffe red
from the hostile feeling shown toward him by the Muha 411;
medans, but now that he is under the protection of
English Consul, he is left unmolested, and his labours
richly rewarded. At Jerusalem the Jews only labour
the field purchased by the mission in the way we I?
ape
already shown. But who is to teach the people, who
incite them to labour ? The teachers ? They do not lab(
themselves. The Rabbis ? It is their interest that t
present state of things should continue, that the cry -
for
bread should reach to every land, and that all the Jews
t.,
the earth show their sympathy by sending
suspecting that, by doing so, they are demoralising thr,
co-religionists in the place which they esteem to bQ mom
holy.
buCi
Give them work that they may learn to work;
them lands, which they may possess here though they 5;3_ 4
not do so at home, that they may earn their bread as
has appointed, in the sweat of their brow, that they me
rY
become a noble community instead of a colony of beggar "
and that they may sanctify the name of the Lord." -
MP mental indolence of the Jews of the Holy Cif e
alms, o
would seem to equal their physical idleness. Th
traveller comments upon it as a cause of the deg r
neration of the national intelligence.
" I found the greatest difficulty in securing a properly
qualified teacher for the institution. It was evident tb
he must be a man strictly observant of all the ordinances
,religion, and, at the same time, possessed of intelligence,
3wl._
capacity for teaching, a fair education at least, and son ra
talent for management. There is not in Jerusalem, wine"
the Jews do nothing else but study the Talmud, any °I.L,
possessed of such attainments as that the Jewish coramani:
ties in Germany would entrust their children to his car' ,
The native Jews do not extend their studies further, and ;
was assured that there is not among them a talmudist? 0
pilpulist of any reputation. With the exception of tin
medical men and Mr. Joseph Schwarz, the Jews at jerur
salm are utterly ignorant of physical science, of geog,rse I
and history, even of the history of their own nation beol
and after the destruction of the city. 8 0
" The Jews who immigrate to Jerusalem usually Po",
a certain knowledge of the Talmud and a more enlarge
previousotk are
htnwhichet oexperience;aanittetitaetshhrfigreee
satisfied
but here, if they do not give themselves u P
entirely to idleness, they do not extend their studies • the 4
r r
ysrst
aieowdmanelti
residence
heteeeaei
provided
uiryenoct
childrenv itdoiuoes rnnds
oegpaws tie,athtdhnha.
are
detai
nrk naTypshoaswewrcyrineooddti
ovwnwetoohhfht a
ioeetm,
orhfe
from
optndTmhayk
i!inltyts
he
eot
ca'
veal
s
ol ledge d
grandchildreng e of the world
havea nd generalseureeinformation.scarcely
evensua
superficial
science or history, or even with
ante with
ordinary branches of reading and writing."
When the school which Dr. Frank! established Waft
neopened crowds of women, leading half-naked'"
neglected children, besieged him, begging for theift
reception into the institution. This, he thonghtf
was a sign that the real feelings of the people ap,
large was not expressed by the indifference 0
their leaders. It appears from the author's state'
iterheceqhusiinl_dinorew...t a.„
ments that half the sums intended for charitable
purposes are appropriated by those through
whose
hands the money passes. It is to be hoped that
the institution which he founded will be more for
tunate in its treasurers. We are not told much
about it after the account of its opening. Wee',
most of the information concerning the purpose
his journey is vague and incidentally given. There
is a curious abruptness about some parts of the
work, which opens without a word of preface either
from author or translator, and which closes in a
somewhat similar fashion, only the author promisee
his escort on another journey to Jerusalem. The
first volume finds the traveller in Greece, and
narrates his impressions of Constantinople and
Beyrout. Dr. Frankl, himself an author, was
introduced to many celebrities during his travels,
and the notes he gives of his conversations with
them are full of interest. He exchanged opinions
with the King and Queen of Greece, Omer Pasha;
Abd-el-Kader, Rangabe, the Grecian poet and
statesman, and many others of the notabilities 0)-
e.
the kingdoms through which he passed. The work
combines the anecdote and description characteristic
conditionise
o f travels,of
with e thejews detailedin the
Fast.e x a m
i‘
in at oa tin inot
fo thl
Christian readers may feel disposed to mss some
of his elaborate details, but the general view he
ieogufet
his
and mou
routeln fu
learned l
are pathos.a lway lsh
re
n comments presents of the condition of " the hopeless faith and
homeless race" in their own cherished Palestine, 15
travelleri
fanenoattiuwnrtetsihi
eo
favour, and the work will be especially and deeplY,
members o
interesting to the e
f his own race one'o received
mihve e
d variouse t
with
th
of
persuasion.

MR. PALMER, LATE M.P. FOR BERKS.-I'll2.
faithful and consistent services of Mr. Robert Palmer, wl`"
represented the county of Berks in Parliament for the long
period of 34 years, have won for him the esteem and awl;
ration not only of his friends and supporters, but equally?!
his political opponents. His retirement into private life
about to be followed by a suitable recognition of his Parlia-
mentary. services, and to promote that object a meeting(
the friends of that gentleman is shortly about to be held.r
Resolutions will be passed as to the most suitable mode of
testifying their respect for the character of that hon. gen-
tleman and appreciation of his services while a represents'
tive is Parliament.