The Sun.
London, England, 1859-07-25 00:00:00

TILE ARM'.

The fourth grand review at the Curragh Camp
was held on Friday, and was one of the finest of
these military spectacles that have yet taken place.
The whole of the troops encamped under the im-
mediate personal command of Gen. Lord Seaton
were on the ground. Additional interest was given
to the proceedings by the presence of his Excellency
the Lord-Lieutenant, who arrived by special train
at Newbridge, where he was received by a guard of
honour, shortly before 11 o'clock.
The two-company depot of the 73d Regiment
marched into Chatham Garrison on Saturday from
Plymouth, and occupied the quarters in Chatham
Barracks vacated by the 10th depot, which has re-
cently joined head-quarters. The strength of the
73d depot consists of 9 officers, 8 sergeants, 9 cor-
porals, 1 drummer, and 386 rank and file. The offi-
cers who are attached to the depot are Captains G.
Benny (in command) and G. J. Burne, Lieuts. H.
Fraser, W. Bayley, and W. Clarke, Ensigns A. C. F.
Armstrong, H. F. H. Gibsone, St. John D. Galwey,
and B. J. A. Monsell. The head-quarters of the 73d
are now at Benares, the regiment having been in
India since 1849. It is not expected home for some
time. The depot is attached to the 2d battalion,
under the command of Col. R. N. Phillips.
The following officers, who have obtained com-
missions in the corps of Royal Engineers, are or-
dered to join head-quarters as Chatham on the Ist
of August :—Lieuts. A. B. Haig, E. M. Lloyd, H.
Causley, A. Featherstonehaugh, J. G. M'Pherson,
T. Howard, and F. Bailey.
On Saturday a number of non-commissioned offi-
cers and men, belonging to various regiments, who
have recently returned invalided from India, left
St. Mary's invalid establishment, Chatham, for the
purpose of joining their respective depots, the whole
of them having recovered from their wounds or
sickness. Several men who were declared unfit for
further service received their discharge the same

day.
Some experiments were tried at Fort Moncton,
near Portsmouth, on Saturday, with the view of
testing a new description of embrasure. Sir John
Burgoyne, G.C.B. (Inspector-General of Fortifica-
tions), Sir J. Y. Scarlett, K.C.B. (Commanding
Sout-West District, Assistant Quartermaster-
General), Col. E. Somerset, C. 8., and a large num-
ber of military officers, were present to witness the
proceedings. The immediate space round the
mouth of the embrasure is formed of pigs of iron
bolted together in the strongest possible manner.
The outer space is formed of iron plates, with an
outside facing of brickwork several feet thick ; the
parapet, arch, and other portions of the work on
the inner face of the battery being built in the
usual manner. The practice at the embrasure was
from an eight-inch gun with solid shot and a charge
otl6lb. of powder, at only 400 yards range ; at
this distance the shot broke into fragments, making
an indentation on the pigs of iron of 1 inch.
Where the shot struck the brickwork it tore the
whole of it away from the iron plates, but in the
intended future trial the place occupied by the
brickwork will be filled up with earth. The result
of the experimeats proved, in the opinion of the
military officials present, the perfect shelter men
would have in working artillery behind a battery
built on this plan.
The Royal Miners' Artillery Militia of Cornwall
were inspected last week by Col. Pester at Truro,
previous to the expiration of the usual period of
drill. The gallant colonel bestowed high praise on
the efficiency of the regiment.
The West Norfolk Militia were reviewed on
Saturday afternoon on Mousehold-heath, near Nor-
wich, by Colonel Bloomfield, commandant of the
camp at Colchester. The regiment is to be disem-
bodied to-day.
The East Norfolk Militia, which have been as-
sembled at Great Yarmouth for three weeks' train-
ing and exercise, are to be disembodied to-morrow.
The Stirling-shire Militia Regiment, which is at
present quartered in the permanent barracks at
Aldershott, had new colours presented to it by the
Duchess of Montrose on Saturday last. The
ceremony took place on the regimental parade-
ground, in presence of a large party of ladies
and gentlemen, the latter consisting chiefly of the
General and Staff officers of the camp. The regi-
ment was drawn up in full marching order, and the
colours having been blessed by the chaplain to the
• regiment, her Grace addressed Sir Alex. Maitland,
the Lieut.-Col. Commandant, and the presentation
took place in the accustomed form. The ensigns,
kneeling, received the colours from the Duchess,
and Sir A. Maitland made an appropriate address.
The " trooping" followed, after which the'regiment
marked past in slow and quick time, a performance
which elicited flattering commendations from her
Grace, as well as from several officers who were
present.

ROYAL ARTILLERY STAFF.

WOOLWICH, JULY 24.

In accordance with the reorganisation of the
regiment of Royal Artillery, the following new ar-
rangements for the distribution of the staff officers
have been sanctioned by the Commander-in-Chief,
and are now nearly completed, viz. :
Horse Brigade—Headquarters, Woolwich—Colo-
nel Commandant, Sir Hew D. Ross, G.C.B. ; In-
spector-General, Colonel Bloomfield, C.B. ; Colonel
H. G. Teesdale ; Lieutenant• Colonel Philpots ; Pay-
master E. Gibbs; Adjutant Denne ; Quartermas-
ter Marwia ; Suageon-Major Savage. At Alder-
shott—Lieutenant-Colonel Wood. At Bengal—
Lieutenant-Colonel Price. At Portobello—Lieute-
nant-Colonel Gambier.

First Brigade—Garrison Artillery ; headquar-
ters, Woolwich.—Colonel Commandant, H. Eve-
legb ; Colonels Ward and Palliser; Lieutenant-
Colonels Dalton De Riney, Maclean, and Brough-
ton ; Adjutant, Morrii ; Quartermaster Cass ; Sur-
geon, Combe, M.D.
Second Brigade—Garrison Artillery ; headquar-
ters, Dever.—Colonel Commandant R. Jones; Colo-
nels Cappage and Ingilby ; Lieutenant-Colonels
Aylmer, Gardner, D'Aguilar, and Talbot; Pay •
master Vyner ; Adjutant Simpson ; Quartermaster
Murphy ; Surgeon Voss.
Third Bri •
gade—Garrison Artillery ; headquar-
ters
. Devonport Colonel Commandant Tobin ;
Colonels Pester and Maclean • Lieutenant-Colonels
. Rowan, Wright, Hender and Romer ; Pay-
.master Murray; Adjutant Penn; Quartermaster
-Black ; Surgeon Park.
Fourth Brigade—Field Artillery headquarters,
Woolwich.—Colonel Commandana
irltG Gardiner;
Colonels Flude and Dick ; Lieutenant-Colonels
Francklyn, C. 8., Cofton, Devereux, and Gardiner ;
Adjutant Taylor; Quartermaster Williams ; and
Surgeon Fogo.
Fifth Brigade—Garrison Artillery; headquarters,
Gibraltar.—Colonel Commandant J. Michell, C.B. ;
Colonels Burn and Shutticworth ; Lieutenant-
Colonels Elwyn, Maberly, C. 8., Campbell, C.X,
and Bingham; Paymaster Kidd ; Adjutant Col-
lin gton ; Quartermaster Cairns; and Surgeon
Dempsey.
Sixth Brigade—Garrison
Artillery; headquar-
ters, Malta.—Colonel Commandant P. Campbell;
Colomels Thorndike and Warde ; Lieutenant-Cols.
Kenn edy, Irving, Wodehouse, and Graydon ; Pay-
master Scott; Adjutant Oldfield ; Quartermaster.
.Stewart ; Surgeon Galloway.
Seveloth Brigade—Garrison Artillery; head-
quarter: 3, Quebec.—Colonel Commandant T. Dynely,
C.B. ; lolonels Crawford and Taylor ; Lieutenant-
'Colonelt I Turner, Benn, Paynter, C. 8., and Dom-
ville ; I .djutant Close; Quartermaster Morris ;
Surgeon Gillborne.
E fight' Ii Brigade—Field Artillery ; headquarters,

Portsmouth.—Colonel Commandant T. J. Forbes ;
Colonels Gostling and Lake, C.B. ; Lieutenant-
Colonels Fitzmayer, C. 8., Goodenough, C. 8.,
Nixon, and Radcliffe ; Adjutant Bolton ; Quarter-
master Hassell; Surgeon De Lisle.
Ninth Brigade—Field Artillery ; headquarters,
Dublin.—Colonel Commandant A. C. Mercer; Cols.
Symons and Ormsby; Lieutenant-colonels Marriott,
Dickson, C. 8., Shakespear, and Knox; Adjutant
Carey ; Quartermaster Armstrong; and Surgeon
Budge.
Tenth Brigade—Garrison Artillery ; headquar-
ters, Guernsey.—Colonel Commandant W. G.
Power, C. 8.; Colonels Nedham and Dunlop, C.B. ;
Lieutenants-colonels Cleveland, Elliott, Mundy,
and Crofton ; Adjutant Cairns ; Quartermaster
Haines ; Surgeon Macintosh.
Eleventh Brigade—Field Artillery ; headquar-
ters, Bengal.—Colonel Commandant P. M. Wal-
lace ; Colonels Wingfield and Poole ; Lieutenant-
Colonels Riddell, C. 8., Adye, C. 8., Burrowes, and
Christie ; Quartermaster Lloyd ; Surgeon Elliott.
Twelfth Brigade—Garrison Artillery -, head-
quarters, Mauritius.—Colonel Commandant G.
Turner, C.B. ; Colonels Benn and M'Coy ; Lieuten-
ant-Colonels Fresser, C. 8., Crawford, C. 8., Cock-
burn, and Graham ; Adjutant Le Mesurier, C. 8.,
Quartermaster Keating ; Surgeon Protheroe.
Thirteenth Brigade—Field Artillery ; headquar-
ters, Bombay.—Colonel Commandant G. Cobbe ;
Colonels Hill and Morris ; Lieutenant-Colonels
Buchanan, Brown, Smyth, and Younghusband ;
Quartermaster Kirkman ; Surgeon Dassauville.
' Fourteenth Brigade—Field Artillery ' • headquar-
ters, Bengal.----Colonel Commandant E. Whinyate ;
Colonels St. George, C. 8., and Mitchell ; Lieuten-
ant-Colonels Sir G. R. Barker, K.C.8., Taddy,
Dennis' and Travers; Adjutant Murray; Quarter-
master Hodge ; Surgeon Walshe.
no Depot (or additional) Brigade at Woolwich
v,.!1l consist of Lieutenant-Colonels Kennedy, Tal-
bot, .I,.znderson, and Travers; Adjutant Bryne ;
and Surgeon-Major Davis.
QuartermasterHendleY;

THE COS_RT
OYA OF L
SRIDOCKPBUILYA RSG IN THE

Curious facts—not unfamiliar to ourselves, how
ever—have lately been brought forward in illus-
tration of the cost to which the nation is put for
shipbuilding in the Royal Dockyards. In that
speech of Mr. Lindsay's to which we have already
more than once referred, we find these facts put in a
connected and striking form. They will bear reca-
pitulation here. It appears that a return has been
made of the cost of a number of ships built in our doek-
yards, all of the same size-1,462 tons burden. The
first of these vessels—the Satellite—was built at
Devonport, and the expenditure for shipwrights'
labour was in her case said to be £6,450, or at
the rate of £4 Bs. 3d. per ton. The second, the
Pelona, was also built at Devonport, and the ship-
wrights' wages were £6,712. The Scylla was built
at Sheerness, and the expenditure for the same
purpose was £8,621; while in the case of the
Racoon, built at Chatham, it was £6,321. The cost
of labour in one dockyard was apparently, there-
fore, much greater than in another. Thus, the
Pearl, built at Woolwich, costs us £6 18s. sd, per
ton ; while the Satellite, built at Devonport, and the
Racoon at Chatham, cost £4 6s. 6d. per ton. There
must be something radically wrong, said Mr. Lind-
say, to cause such a discrepancy as this. Two
frigates built in a private yard on the Tyne for
the Russian Government—viz., the Tartar and- the
Cossack—cost £2 Bs. per ton. That included not
only the cost fer shipwrights, but the cost of fitting
them out for sea : whereas the entire cost of flitting
out the Pearl for sea was £8 13s. 11d. It was
evident, to Mr. Lindsay's mind, that there was
something wrong in the management of the Royal
dockyards. " Why could the men not be employed
as they were in private dockyards ? If they were
employed on piecework, instead of the labour
account of the shipwrights being £8 13s. 11d. per
ton, it would not be more than £2 12s. per ton.
The rate for labour in the present estimates
was £1,527,000. Of this £1,000,000 at least
was for shipwrights ; and on this item alone there
might be a saving of £400,000, while the work
would not be one whit less efficiently done."
Now, we are not about to blame Mr. Lindsay, by
any means, for the part which he has taken in this
matter. eis wrong, and in error; but innocently
so in this case. If the facts really were as the re-
turn itself makes them appear, his criticism would
in the main be sound and pertinent. But the facts
are not as they there appear. We know somewhat
of the manner in which accounts are kept in the
Royal Dockyards, and we unhesitatingly state that
it is not possible to get from those aceounts what
the return professes to give, viz., the actual amounts
of money expended for labour upon particular ships.
The surveyor of the navy, or his staff, has acted
most unwisely, in our judgment, in putting forth
sach a return. We entirely deny that its accuracy
can be guaranteed.
Let us glance for a moment at the circumstances
operating in two neighbouring yards which are
contrasted most unfavourably in this return—
Sheerness and Chatham. Now, in the latter yard,
where there are numerous building slips, by far the
larger portion of the shipwrights are constantly
engaged upon what is called " new work"—in other
words, upon the building of new ships. The inter-
ferences occasioned by the pressure of fitting and
repairing of ships oceur but comparatively seldom.
In Sherness yard, however, the case is wholly dif-
ferent. There is but one small building slip in it ;
and the regularity of the work expended upon the
single ship there building is, of necessity, seriously
impaired by the frequent putting on and calling off
of hands for repairing and fitting purpoies. ow
this would tell upon the nominal expense of the
ship in progress of building will be readily con-
ceived. Like effects are produced in another and
somewhat similar way. In the building of a ship
upon the stocks, in order that she may be built
economically, it is indispensably necessary to ad-
just the number of hands employed upon her to
the varying state of her progress. There are times
when less than 100 men, say, are all that can be
kept economically at work upon her ; there are
other times when five times that number may be
advantageously employed. Now, in a yard
where there are several ships in various stages
of advancement simultaneously in progress, this'
adjustment of hands can be properly attended
to. But in a yard like Sheerness, with its one
building slip, and an exceedingly fluctuating amount
of fitting and repairing to be executed, it is quite
impossible to economise the labour in this way.
The same remarks apply, to a certrin extent, to
Woolwich dockyard. These are the causes which,
with others—for we are by no means attempting to
treat the subject fully—tend to produce those dis-
crepancies which, by their grossness, have struck
the senses of the member for Sunderland. And
these are causes, it will be observed, which cannot
be removed.

It may occur to some that it would be better to
build no ships at yards circumstanced like Sheer-
ness. But this is a mistake ; it would be worse.
With a ship in progress on the stocks, there is e
means of absorbing your spare work in times of
slackness, when there is but little fitting or repair-
ing to be done ; and although its absorption in this
way is undoubtedly attended by a loss, the loss
would be greater did this provision not exist.
But when all due allowances are made for facts
of this kind, it is useless to look for accuracy to the
accounts as they are at present kept. An immense
amount of dockyard labour gets" charged," in the
course of months, to wrong vessels. Nor is it, in-
deed, practicable to avoid this. It is sometimes as
impossible to estimate the labour expended upon
the building of a particular sh:p as it would be to
measure the work done by the French battalions in
the capture of each of the several positions of Sol-
ferino, Cavriana, &c., at the last great battle. The
mistake lies, as we have said, in the present in-
stance, in the putting forth of the return in ques-
tion. Far better admit the difficulty than ignore
it, and expose yourself to such hard and inexorable
critics as Mr. Lindsay.
Mr. Lindsay's remarks upon " piecework" and
the cost of shipbuilding in private dockyards, are
open to many corrections ; but having dealt with
the main question, we must defer the consideration
of minor points for the present.—Mechanics' Ma-
gazine.

[AnvEnTisEmENT].—The possibility of abandoning me.
dicine altogether is shown by the numerous extraordinary
cures withoutmedicine of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency,
constipation, nervous. bilious, and liver complaints, coughs,
asthma, consumption, and debility, effected by Du Barry's
delicious Health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food. The
following are not the least Temaikable :—Cure No. 46,270.
Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, of 30
years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement,
partial deafness.—Cure No. 58,816. Mrs. llolze, aged 107
years, of dyspepsia (indigestion), debility, irritability, and
nervousness which had tormented her for 70 years.—Cure
No. 46,814. Mr. Samuel Layton, LeiCester, of two years'
diarrhoea.—Cure No. 52,612. The Dowager Countess of
Castle Stuart of many years' nervous irritability, bile, and
indigestion.—Cure No. 54,819. Miss Virginia Zeguers,
doped of consumption, after her medical adviser had aban-
a d all hopes of recover,- —Cure No. 180. " Twenty-live
which no
Yfreoani"'.u.wervhaness, constipation,.. indiestion, and debility.
I : have suffered great misery, and
been medicineetlectua
In tins, at ls. 6d. ; 111Zeeves
could remove or relieve, have
short time.—N• Ci-itr,c't by Du Barry's food in A very
265. The 101 b. and 1211): 181, Fleet-street, London."
s. ;'2lb., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125.; 121 b.,
Ccoarriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and
Co,, Regent-street, London.
Fortnum, Mason, and Co. Alibis, 60,
' Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheat:Bth Piccadilly ;
d 60, Bishopsgate.
street; 330 and 451, Strand.; k
u; 63,
Also
150, Oxfor-
d-330
Co.'
street ; 8,5, Tottenham-court-ro-1":
Bewley and Draper •; at Edinburgh, Irtaime
at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew • a Manehesters
Scott ;at York, Raimes, Blanchard, and Sharp and
C0.;0., at South -
ampton, Randall and Son.

The New York journal of -Connneree gives al
synopsis of the official report on the new rifle can-
non experimented with at Chicopee, Massachusetts.
It says :
The Board convened June 7, and continued
their experiments for several days. The guns ex-
amined were a 6-pound bronze cannon, with 3.80
inch calibre, and rifled 15 grooves ; a 12-pounder,
4 inch calibre and the same number of grooves. In
both instances, the twist in rifling was equivalent
to one turn in 60 feet at the beginning, and ending
in one in 20.

" The projectile designed by General James for
these guns is a cast iron cylinder pointed by a solid
conoid head, the diameter being only 0.2 of an inch
less than the bore of the gun, and the length twice
the diameter of the calibre. The cylinder retains
its full diameter for a quarter of an inch of its
length at each end. For the intermediate length
its diameter is reduced half-an-inch, forming a re-
cess in its body, which is filled by a compound of
canvas, sheet-tin, and lead. The base of the
cylinder has a central cavity or opening of 1.95
inches in diameter, and 1.5 inches deep. When the
charge is fired, the gas evolved by the burning of
the powder, in its efforts to expel the projectile and
to escape from the gun, is forced into the cavity
against the compound filling, which is thereby
pressed into the grooves of the bore, and by its firm
hold in them the rotary motion is imparted to
the projectile.
" The Board, having examined the guns and pro-
jectiles, proceeded to test their efficiency, the results
of which were 'very satisfactory.' The report says,
respecting the guns, their merit is due to the rifl-
ing, which can be readily applied, at little cost, to
all bronze cannon of the United States, and so
render them as far superior to the present smooth
bore guns as, in small arms, the most improved
rifle surpasses the musket.'
",The depth of grooving is so shallow as in no
wise materially to impair the strength of the gun,
while it is sufficient to compel the projectile to
take the rifle flight. The effect of these con-
trivances was exhibited in an extraordinary
manner by the increased range obtained while using
the same charge of powder and elevation in pro-
jecting masses of double the weight of the usual
spherical balls. The merits of the projectile are
represented to consist in their answering fully the
expectations desired of them ; their ready fabrica-
tion and adaptation to guns; their ease in loading;
the certainty of the expansion of the filling and its
firm hold in the grooves of the guns. The greased
canvas wipes the rifling clean, and leaves the bore
in condition readily to receive the next charge, and
which is also a sure protection to the bore from in-
jury.' For these reasons the gun and projectiles
are commended to the favourable consideration of
the Government; and as the experimental firing
was subject to several disadvantages which may
hereafter be avoided, the board recommend that guns
of the service calibre be granted to General James,
for rifling, according to his principle. We learn
that another series of experiments is in contempla-
tion, in which to compare, side by side, the per-
formances of this new gun with those now in use.
Of course the remarkable precision and power of the
new rifled ordnance constitute its chief value, but
the great saving of ammunition effected is a matter
of no small importance. The results of the experi-
ments above referred to are expressed in tabular
form, at much length, As an example, it is shown
that in one instance 18 shots were fired a mean dis-
tance of 674 yards, at an elevation of one degree—
the powder weighing 111 b., the projectile 1211 b.—
the deviation being only four inches to the right of
centre, and half an inch above it. On reaching ground
the missile was buried five feet in compact sand. In
another instance a shot was fired 2,050 yards, at an
elevation of five degrees, and passed about 25 feet
above the top of the hill toward which it was di-
rected. The board believe, from the testimony of
several witnesses who were near the range, that the
projectile continued its flight many 100 yards be-
yond the hill,' the summit of which was nearly on the
samelevel as that upon which the gun was placed in.
battery. According to the statement of Mr. Ames, the
manufacturer of the gun, who has carefully examined
the ground, it is almost certain the ball went four
miles.' After what is Already known it is safe
to say that any object within the reach of an ordi-
nary spy-glass is a fair mark for this terrible weapon.
In one other respect the exploits of General James's
gun demand attention. According to the laws of
projectiles laid down in the Ordnance Manual, and
which have long been established, as was supposed
beyond power of refutation, the range of a 61b. shot
at 5 deg. elevation and 1 ilb. of powder is 1,523
yards ; but, in the example now afforded, a ball
121-Ib., with the specified quantity of powder, has
gone between three and four miles. As compared
with the celebrated Armstrong gun, the results are
not less curious. Mr. A. claims to have thrown a
ball 51 miles with 61bs. of powder, employing an
area or calibre of 31 inches,—which is a result of
55-100ths less favourable than that obtained by the
experiments at Chicopee. According to the latter,
any gun of calibre equal to Armstrong's will throw
a ball, with less than half the powder, the full dis-
tance attained in his practice."

AGGREGATE MEETING OF JOU.RNEY-

MEN BAKERS.

On Saturday evening a numerous meeting of
journeymen bakers, from all parts of London, was
held in the large room of the Horns Tavern, Ken-
nington, to take into consideration the present de-
graded position of the trade, and to endeavour, by
all legal means, to emancipate themselves from the
state of slavery they were now enduring. Mr.
Blackmore, the chief promoter of th? movement,
was loudly cheered when taking his seat on the
platform. A great number of master bakers and
their wives were also present.
Mr. F. W. Goddard, in the absence of Mr. W.
Williams, M.P., took the chair, and expressed his
regret that Mr. Williams had not been able to take
the chair, as he knew his heart was with them, and
that he felt most deeply for the working man. He
hoped, however, that he should be able in a degree
to fill his place. He (Mr. Goddard) was a descend-
ant of five generations of bakers, and he felt most
deeply for the journeymen of that trade. He felt
that man should regard man, not for th • purpose
of exacting as much work from him as could be ob-
tained, but that he should consider him as an in-
teger to make up the great whole of society.
When he saw the procession that evening he felt
how much they were entitled to consideration, when
they were struggling, not for the slaughter of their
fellow-men, but for obtaining their just .rights.
(Hear.) The labour of the journeyman baker was
incessant, for he had not only to look after the work of
the night, but to see to the tally of the day; so that his
brain and his thews were constantly on the stretch.
(Cheers.) No human power could stand this; and
it was now time there should be an alteration.
(Cheers.)
Mr. BENNETT, in proposing the first resolution,
said—lt was to be regretted that Lord Robert
Grosvenor had been unsuccessful in his attempts
to ameliorate the condition of the working bakers.
He considered that every one had a part to per-
form, and it rested with each one individually to
give his support to enable them to accomplish the
emancipation of their fellow workmen. (Cheers.)
He moved—" That this meeting, being deeply sen-
sible of the evils resulting from the existing sys-
tem of conducting the practical operation of the
baking trade of London and its vicinity, do con-
sider it subversive to out best interests, rendering
•ns totally incapable of fulfilling those high moral
and social duties expected from us as rational and
accountable beings, and that the abolition of night-
work, and a limitation of the hours of labonr to 12
hours per day, is imperatively necessary for our
physical, mental, moral, and social improvement."
Mr. M`NAUGHTEN seconded the resolution..

Mr. AYRTON, a master baker, supported the re-
solution, and said there were hundreds of workmen
who commenced working at eleven o'clock at
night, and never left it till six o'clock the follow-
ing evening, and had to undergo the same ordeal
from day to day. Now, he asked whether the
human constitution could stand that ? If they
worked ten days a-week the public would say—
" Well, they get paid accordingly," But that
was not the case. They were skilled labourers, and
yet received less wages than a dock labourer.
(Cheers.) How would they have this altered? By
strikes ? That was impossible. By parliamentary
interference ? They had appealed to the Legisla-
ture through that good man, Lord Robert Grosvenor
(now Lord Ebury), and only asked for a committee
to pcihire into their wrongs, and let them state their
grievances. But what did Mr. Cobden say ? He
said that he believed the case of the journeymen
bakers was much exaggerated, or else so many
would not come up from Scotland tc seek employ-
ment. (Disapprobation.) lindexthese circumstances
public o
had onlyrhlioton ;
fall back upon their last resource
and upon that he relied with
confidence. (Cheers.)
The resolution was then carried unanimously.

Mr. BLACKMORE moved, "'That this meeting
having duly considered the necessity and reason-
ableness of the request, abolition of night work
and a limitation of the hours of labour in an un-
healthy and heated atmosphere,' herewith pledges
itself to render every possible assistance to any
official directory whose powers spring from the
legitimately exprpssed will of the operatives of the
baking trade."
Mr. ROWLEY, a muter baker, seconded the reso-
lution, and said he had adopted the twelve hours'
movement, and had found it answer. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. BARNES and other speakers having sup-
ported the resoluiion, a vote of thanks to the
chairman terminated the proceedings.