The Sun.
London, England, 1832-01-03 00:00:00

BRAZILIAN FINANCE.

(From the Brazilian Gazette, October 18.)
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.

Illustrious and Excellent Senhor,—l
submitted to the
Chamber of Deputies by order of the Regency, and in the
name of the Emperor, a proposition to the efftet that autho-
rity be given to the Government for paying off the debts
posterior to the year 1826, the issuing of Treasury bills,
and purchasing the copper indispensable for various ex-
penses ; and as that proposition has hitherto been
cussed, lam commanded by the Regency, in the Em-
peror's name, to request; through the medium of your
Excellency, that the Chamber will make the necessary
provision for the said ohjeets.
The subject of this proposition cannot fail to be found
as worthy of the serious attention of the General Assembly
as it his of the Government.
Applications are daily made by creditors of the Go-
vernment, and the Treasury hesitates to pay them, 1),-
cauke, on reference to the law of the 15th 13,,cember, 1830,
it appears that the necessary authority is wanting.
It is not possible to calculate the full amount of the
debt from the information at present possessed by the
Treasury ; but from what is already ascertained, the debt
of this province may he stated at 400,000 milreas ; and
that of Rio Grande do Sol is of equ .1 extent. Santa
Catherina, S. Paulo Goyaz, Matto Grosso, and Espirito
Santo, ought to possess the means of defraying their cur-
rent expenses, which they have not. Para, G2ara, and
S-rgripe, are not in better circumstances, as is proved by
the last despatches received from them.
It is proper I should here assure the assembly, that the
Government would he happy if the revenues of the pro.
vinces to the north of the Rio Doce were sufficient for

covering their expences, the security of the frontiers, and
the payment of the interest of the Brazilian loans, the pro.
viding for the mortgaging the Brazilian loans, for the in-
terest and mortgage of the Portuguese loan, for the inte-
rest and mortgage of the public domestic debt; the ex-
pences of the diplomatic body and the Consuls, and the

expences of the provinces to the south of the Rio Doce (of
which only Minas Geraes and Rio Grande do Sul promise
trifling surplusses), remaining in that case at the charge of
the Treasury. Unfortunately, the public revenue has sus-
tained a considerable diminution, and the Treasury baring
been unable to assist the provinces as is required by law,
it becomes necessary to make provi.ion for many and large
expences. O❑ this account no remittance has been made

for the payment of the foreign loans, the 8111114 required to
make good the deficits of the provinces of St. Paulo, Goyaz,
Matto Grosso, Espirito Santo, and Santa Catharina, have
not been supplied, and some grants to the Naval and Home
Departments for the packets remain due.
From the increase of the public revenues little is to be
hoped, for it is the infallible result of a revolution that in-
dustry should he paralysed. The Government flatters it-
self with the prospect of the future progress of the national
wealth ; but the present wants, for the supply of which it
is necessary that means should be found, are great. The
issue of Treasury-bills, which at the time when the propo-
sition was made appeared sufficient, will not now produce
the desired effect, because there is a real deficit, and our
public funds have fallen from 74 and 75 to 44 and 40.
Under these circumstances, a loan contracted according to
the stipulations of the law of the 15th of November, 1827,
could not fail to prove very prejudicial.
The agio on the notes for copper continues, notwith-
' standing that the Government has ordered the augmenta-
tion of those for small values. There are expenses which
cannot be paid in any other money: and the persons em •
ployed in the public service call upon the Treasury to pay
them in copper, reduced in proportion to their salaries, ac-
cording to the difference of the money in which they are
paid. The Tre isury cannot with propriety refuse these
just claims, as the coining of copper money has now been
suspended during three months.
God preserve your Excellency, &c.
BERNARDO PEREIRA DE VASCONCEL.
Oct. 18, 1831.
To Senhor Antonio Pinto Chichorro da Gama.

ALTUORP, SUNDAY.—A fire broke out in
Lord SPENCER'S house this morning, when the family
were in chapel. It was soon got under, with no other
damage than the partial burning of a back stairca.e. It
was certainly accidental, owing to the over-heating of a
flue ; and it is desirable that this should be known, in
order to anticipate the report of its being by an incendiary.
The family are all quite well.
We have authority to state that Lord LYND-
Ituftsr has not been sitting as Lord Chancellor, or in any
way to assist the CHANCELLOR during his absence. Lord
LYNDHURST adjourned the Court of Exchequer from
Gray's•lnn Hall, on account of the cold, to Lincoln's-Inn
Hall, where he at two days hearing the cause of " SMALL
and ATTWOOD," since the CHANCELLOR left town.

We understand that there is an intention among
the British residents in Paris to hold a meeting for the pur-
pose of opening a subscription in aid of the suffering clergy
of the Established Church in Ireland. We expect to be
enabled to give more particular notice of this in the course
of next week.— Galignani's Messenger.
THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.—JAMES HOGG,
the Ettrick Shepherd, was discovered by some of his
countrymen, on Sunday, in Mr. IRVING'S chapel, so that
the Nectes Atathroaianst must cease for a season, since the
life and soul of it is transferred to this city. The Shepherd
is a decent-looking man, abort the common :size, and ap-
parently only a little past the meridian of life, with a fair,
fresh, and rather ruddy complexion. lie was wrapped in
his shepherd's plaid, and seemed deeply attentive to the
speaker.
RfoAu.n—d
its way
wisaytoiontottariadthdianlgttahae. epidemic
itsmle
first appearance on the 17th there have bean fifteen cases,
choleraandCfivi te°dhLaeaEsths. There are various reports as to its trans-
mission from Newcastle, but none of them probably, de-
serve much credit. If it did come from thence, the ques-
tion is, how it should have passed over so many inter-
veningtowns, with which Newcastle has fifty times more
to
intercourse.as
san epidemic
or Whateverby eaa
contagion, ieits
aitsorigin,
proximity w he whether r
at
presentithacome
our city certainly multiplies the chances of attack here ;
and there is double reason for every one guarding himself
as effectually as he can against the circumstances which
favour its operation. At Gateshead, which is a very low
and dirty place, anti merely divided from Newcastle by the
Tyne, it has broken out with excessive virulence.--
Scotsman.
HERRING FISHING.—The herrings, long
looked fur, have at length appeared in the Firth in such
abundance, as to astonish even the fishermen themselves.
Early yesterday morning a shoal of such density and ex-
tent appeared off Inchkeith, as, in the words of BuFros,
" changed both the colour and appearance of the ocean."
The fishermen promptly pushed off to the spot, and in a
short timeye a i seesve ral
were othemt
verging
he
gtaagiwrr
great
aatborhtgaetuths o loaded,upemsosritt:eriori that
the
e of
the
A great number of hawkers were waiting, and
nere soon bought up. The abundance of tthepshuoeobr.r.
rings may be considered a great public blessing at this time
n of
of
they
hhaee
tyegrwu.
besideshseoxi ee ss
matar affording
o food,r
td their ir subsistence by hawking
them through the country.—Scots-non.
feassnbdotf howr
pso tefaonpdtlii
e o
sa
tl
r

. ?+~

THE BRISTOL RIOTS.

SPETIAL COMALISSION.

BRISTOL, JAN. 2, SEVEN O'CLOCK A.M.
This city displays features almost the same as those it
wore on the memorable occasion of my former visit. Non',
as then, is the eye arrested by the mournful memorials of
frantic outrage—the immediate resources of civic power are
ostentatiously paraded—troops are concentrated,—and the
minds of many are shake❑ by an apprehension of Ling,r
which I, in common with not a few of the best informed
among the inhabitants, believe to be entirely groundless.
The 52d Regiment has been ordered off to Ireland. The
first division left Bristol on Saturday; the second will de-
part on Wednesday. Yesterday morning the 7th R giment
of Infantry (Fusilers) marched into town, escorted by a
goodly sample of the mobility. There is still a detach-
ment of the 14th Light Dragoons at Clifton. The arm
of justice is also strengthened by the presence of horse•ar-
tillery with two field-pieces, and it is stated, though I
should suppose incorrectly, that portions of the 75th and
of another foot regiment are on their way hither from
Plymouth and Portsmouth. Major-General Jackson con-
tinues in the military command of the districr.
. .

Colonel Brereton reeived a copy of the charges against
him yesterday. The court-martial commence active ope-
rations against him next Monday.
Captain Lewis, against whom a coroner's inquest re-
turned a verdict of manslaughter for shooting the boy
Morris at the close of the riots, has surrendered himself to
gaol, to take his trial. His, it is thought, will prove an
interesting ca4e.

There has been an influx of lawyers. Among the ar-
rivals of yesterday were the Attorney-General and Mr.
Serjeant Wilde. The Judges are to be accommodated in
a house in Park-street. A building in Great George-
street, purchased some time back by the corporation, has
been fitted up as an official residence for the Mayor. In
three hums the Judges are expected to make their public
entrance.

ENTRANCE OF TIIE JUDGES.
About nine o'clock groups of well-dressed persons began
to move towards the Bath-road, for the purpose of wit-
nessing the arrival of the Lord Chief Justice, Sir Nicholas
C. Tindal, and the assistant Judges, Sir J. B. Bosampiet
and Sir W. E. Taunton. The line of spectators termi-
nated at Totterdown, the place where Sir Charles Wethe-
rell experienced the first symptoms of hostility from the
mob. At Totterdown the High Sheriffs of the city,
George Bengough and Joseph Lax, Esqrs., with the Under-
sheriff, J. Ody Hare, Esq., attended by their officers,
waited to receive the Judges. There was not the least
symptont of turbulence or confusion to be perceived in any
quart-r. The Judges made their appearance about half-
past ten o'clock, in two chariots and four, and were handed
into a carriage and four prepared for their conveyance into
town. The procession then moved slowly through a lone line
of special constables, marshalled and directed by Mr. Dow-
ling, superintendant of the metropolitan police. Although
not a soldier was to be seen, the procession reached the
Court-house unaccompanied by the slightest occurrence
tending to disturb the decorum befitting the progress of
the administrators of the laws of a great, free, and en.
lightened country.
OPENING OF THE COURT.

At two o'clock the Judges took their places on the
Bench. There were about 500 persons, including a con-
siderable number of special constables, in Court. The
following gentlemen were sworn of the Grand Jury :
Thomas Kington Baillie, John Heron
Foreman, John Manningford
Charles Bowles Fripp William Morgan
Thomas Hill Richard Ricketts
William Forde John May
William Watson Joseph INietford, jun.
Thomas Daniell, jun. John Acreman
Adam Holden Daniell Fripp
Joseph Russell Henry Seeley
James Moore Robert Edward Case
John Tomlinson Thomas Wilkinson Radcliffe
James Lee Peter May.
The Loan CHIEF JUSTICE then proceeded to deliver
the following charge :
Gentlemen of the Grand Jury,—We are assembled on
the present occasion, by virtue of the Special Commission
of his Majesty, for the purpose of inquiring into, hearing,
and determining, cert un charges of no ordinary stamp
and character, founded upon acts of tumultuous outrage,
violence, and rapine, which have recently taken place in
this city. Gentlemen,—l am unable from any informa-
tion which has been placed before us to assign the cause,
or to trace the exact origin of these enormities you are
now called upon to investigate. It appears, however,
that a few hours before they were committed, a tumul-
tuary assemblage of the people gathered itself together
with an object, and for a purpose, which no honest man or
well-wisher to the laws of his country can sufficiently re-
probate,--I mean the open and avowed purpose of treat-
ing with insult, and indignity, if not personal violence, a
gentleman placed in a high judicial station, bearing the
authority of his Sovereign in the administration of the
criminal law within this city, and during part of
the very time engaged in the actual exercise of his
judicial functions. Gentlemen, it is to be collected from
the depositions which I have seen, that the cut-
rages which will form the immediate subject of your
inquiry commenced at about the time of dusk
on Saturday evening, the 29th of October last, and con-
tinued, with short intermission, until four o'clock on the
Monday morning, when, after the Riot Act had been read,
and the persons assembled, notwithstanding the proclama-
tion, bad refused far more than an hour to disperse them-
selves, the further progress of the riot was arrested and the
tumult entirely suppressed by the vigour of the military
called into the aid of the civil magistrate. It is no part
of my duty, on the present occasion, to consider whe-
ther the acts of outrage and rapine which afterwards
ensued were caused by the riotous proceedings which oc-
curred at an early period of the same day, or whether
wicked and designing persons, taking advantage of the
state of excitement in which the people already were,
availed themselves of it to effect their own purposes of de-
struction and plunder. It may, however, he safely con-
cluded, that if time excitement which led to the defiance of
the law at the early part of the day had never existed, the
weightier crimes subsequently committed by the populace
would not have taken place ; and it is precisely for this
reason that the law of England bath at all times held in
the greatest abhorrence riotous and tuomultuary as-
semblances of the people. Gentlemen, it has been
well said, that the use of the law consists,—first,
in preserving men's persons from death and vio-
lence ; next, in securing to then, the free enjoyment
of their property, and although every simple act of vio-
lence, and each individual breach of the law, tends to
counteract and destroy this its primary use and object, yet
do general risings and tumultuary meetings of the people
in a inure especial and particular manner produce this
effect; not only removing all security both for the person
and property of man, but for the time putting down the
law itself, and daring to usurp its place. The law of
England bath accordingly, in proportion to the danger
which it attaches to riotous and disorderly meetings of the
people, made ample provision for preventing such offences,
and for the prompt and effectual suppression of them when-
ever they arise ; and I think it may not be unsuitable to
the present occasion, if I proceed to call your attention,
with some degree of detail, to the various provisions of the
law for carrying that :purpose into effect. In the first
place, by the common law, every private person may law-
fully endeavour of his own authority, and without any
warrant or sanction of the magistrate, to suppress a riot
by every means in his power. He may disperse or
assist in dispersing those who are assembled ; be in my
stay those who are engaged in it from executing their
purpose ; he may stop and prevent others, whom he shall
see coming up, from joining the rest, and not only has
he the authority, but it is his bounden duty, as a
good subject of the King, to perform this to the utmost
of his ability. If the riot be general and dangerous,
he may arm himself against time evil-doers to keep the
peace. Such was the opinion of all the Judges in the
time of Queen Elizabeth, in a case called " The Case of
art
toi:aitontrei
isntteyd
rose
fnodft
hbteeh
ei‘a assistant to
titeno
wtdhooeiunidoing
Justices,trhesist::i
restrain
Sheriffs, or
Arms" (Popham's Rep. 121)—although the Judges add,
that it would be more discrete for every one in such a
and authority
be more advisable so to do, for the Itpitrleewspe°nruosilei
te nwt
ietdh
ndlieconpereetv•
uamcnititttieenddascuitonbi
or:
nir:dc
individuals.
danuunal
and no
:nn not pro-
ceeding such extremities until the danger was
withoutthe
er a to
arms, suffi-
ciently immediate, or until some felony tsar either cornivil
arms, and at all events the assistance given by men who
e
will be more effectual to attain the object proposed than
any efforts, however well intended of separate and dis-
united
procuringloluptpoifrttuhneitoyccaissigoinvendeifnoarnde
the advice or sanction of the Magistrate, it is the duty of
every subject to act for himself, and upon his own respon-
sibility, i
-n suppressing a riotous and tumultuous assembly ;
imme-
diate
and he may be assured that whatever is honestly done by
him in the execution of that object, will be supported and
justified by the common law ; and whilst I am stating the
obligation imposed by the law on every subject of the
realm, I wish to observe that the law acknowledges no dis-
tinction in this respect between the soldier and the private
individual. The soldier is still &citizen, lying under the same
obligation, and invested with the same authority, to preserve
the peace of the King, as any other subject. the one
is bound to attend the call of the civil magistrate, so also

is the other the one may interfere for that purpoFe,
when the eccaaion &mode it, without the requisitio of

the magistrate, so may the other too ; if the one may em-
ploy arms for that purpose, when arms are necessary, the
soldier may do the same. Undoubtedly the same exercise
of discretion which require the private subject to act in
subordination to, and in aid of, the magistrate, rather than
upon his own authority, before recourse is hid to arms,
ought to operate in a still stronger degree with a military
force. But when the danger is pressing and immediate,--•
where a felony has actually bees committed or cannot
otherwise be prevented, and from the circumstances of the
case
fr no
theo ppproorpteurn i
at isth roifft
ieerse,d t obtaining a
subjects
requisition
of
the
King, like his civil subjects, not only may, but are bound
to do their utmost, of their own authority, to prevent the
perpetration of outrage, to put down riot and tumult, and
eptr.,o,jmiemrtyonoflatlhve,
not only
iGs eneatlceh-
y andth
r,essteir:
iv
further
vebs
private eubject b mod to exert himself to the utmost, but
every sheriff, constable, and other peace officer is called
upon to do all that in them lies for the suppression of riot,
and each has authority to command all other subject..
of the King to assist them in that undertaking. By
an early statute which is still in force (the 13th
Henry IV. c. 7.) " Any two justices, together with the
sheriff, or under-sheriff of the county, shall come with the
power of the county, if need be, to arrest any rioters, and
sh .11 arrest them, and they have power to record that
which they see done in their presence against the law, by
which record the offenders shall be convicted, and may
afterwards be brought to punishment." And here I must
distinctly observe, that it is not left to the choice or the
will of the subject, as some have erroneously supposed, to
attend or not the call of the Magistrate as they think
proper : but every min is bound, when called upon, under
pain of fine and imprisonment, to yield a ready and im-
plicit obedience to the call of the Magistrate, and to do his
utmost in assisting him to suppress any tumultuous as-
sembly. For in the succeeding reign, another Statute teas
passed, which enacts, That the King's liege people,
being sufficient to travel, shall be assistant to the justices
sheriffs, and other officers, upon reasonable warning, to
ride with them in aid, to resist such riots, route, and as-.
se;nlilies, on pain of imprisonment, and to make fine and
ransom to the King." In the explanation of which statute
Dalton. an early writer of considerable authority, declares
that the justices and sheriff may command, and ought to have
the aid and attendance of all knights, gentlemen, yeomen,
husbandmen, labourers, tradesmen, servants, and appren-
tices, and of all other persons b. ing above the age of fifteen
years, and able to travel. " Gentlemen, in liter times
the course has been for the Magistrates on occasions of
actual riot and confusion to call in the aid of such persons
as he thinks necessary, and to swear them as special
constables; and in order to prevent any doubt, if doubt could.
exist, as to his power to command their assistance by way of
precaution, a recent statute, 1 Geo. IV. c. 37, has invested
him with that power, in direct and express terms, when
riot or felony is only likely to take place, or may reason-
ably be apprehended. Again, that this call of the Magis-
trates is compulsory, and not left to the choice of the
party to obey or not, appears from the express enactment
in that Act—that if lie disobeys, unless legally exempted.
he is liable to the same fines, penalties, and punishments
la persons refusing to take upon them the office of con-
stable were by law subject to. But the most important
provision of the liw for the suppression of riots is to be
found in the Statute 1 Geo. I. sect. 2, e. 5, by which it
is en icted, that if any persons, to the number of twelveor
more, being unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously as-
Ambled together, to the disturbance of the public peace,
and bring required or commanded by any one or more jus-
tice or justices, or by the sheriff, &c., by proclamation to
be mate in the King's name, and in the form stated in the
Act, to disperse themselves, and peaceably to depart to
their habitations, or to their lawful business, shall, to the
number of twelve or more, notwithstanding such pro'.
clamation, unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously remain
or continue together by the space of one hour after such
command or request, made by proclamation, then such con-
tinuing together 44511 be adjudged felony, and the offenders
shall suffer death as felons. Such are the different pro-
visions of the law of England for the putting down of tn.
multuary meetings ; and it is not too much to affirm, that if
the means provided by the law are promptly and judici-
ously enforced by the Magistrate, and honestly seconded by
the co-operation of his fellow-subjects, very few and rare
would be t he instances in which tumultuous assemblages of
the people would be able to hold defiance to the law,
Gentlemen, before I proceed to the consideration of the
caeca in the calendar, let me impress on the attention of
all those is-ho from idleness, curiosity, or mere thought-
lessness, suffer themselves to form part of a riotous and
disorderly meeting, that they subject themselves uncon-
sciously to the danger of punishment for crimes which
they never contemplated ; for where many are collected
together in the prosecution of an illegal object, it is often
impossible to discrimate between the active and the un-
offending part of the mob : it requires evidence on the
part of the accused, which they may not be able to pro-
duce, in order to defend themselves against the charge of
participation in the guilt of others. The only safe course
for the peaceable and well-disposed on all occasions of po-
pular tumult is this—to lend their ready aid to assist the
magistrate-4 in suppressing it, or at all events forthwith to
separate themselves from the others. Gentlemen, one class
of cases likely to come before you will be founded upon
the statute 7 and 8 Geo. IV., c. 30. s. 8, by which it is
enacted, that " if any person riotously and tumukuously
assemble together to the disturbance of the public peaces
shall unlawfully and with force demolish, pull down, or de-
stroy, or begin to demolish, pull flown, or destroy any house,
stable, coach-house, outhouse, warehouse, office, shop, mill,
&c., every such offender is guilty of felony, and being con-
victed thereof, shall suffer death as a felon. In cases of this
description you will consider whether the individual charged
was one of the p-rsons constituting a riotous assemblage
which was effecting the destruction of the building. If
he formed a part of such riotous assembly at the time the
act of demolition commenced, or if he wilfully joined such
riotous assembly, so as to co-operate with them, whilst the
act of demolition was going on, and before it was com-
pleted, in either case he comes within the description of
the offence, and within the penalties imposed by the Act,
although lie may not have been a person who actually as-
sisted by his own hand in the demolition of the building.
But the more numerous class of cases seems to be, that
which is founded on the second section of the same statute,
by which it is enacted, " that if any person shall unlaw-
fully and maliciously set fire to any house or other build-
ing mentioned above, whether the same shall be in the pos-
session of the offender, or in that of any other person, with
intent thereby to injure or defraud any person, every such
offender shall be guilty of felony, and being convicted there-
of, shall suffer death as a felon." In this offence you will
perceive it is no constituent part of the description in the
statute that the party charged should form one of a tumul-
tuous or riotous assemblage for the disturbance of the public
peace : it is an offence that may he committed by a single
individual. You will therefore in this case inquire, first,
whether the party set fire to the building himself: in such
case no doubt of his guilt can exist ; and if the proof falls
short of this, eou will then consider whether he was
jointly engaged in the prosecution of the same object
with those who committed the offence. If by his word
or gesture he incited ethers to commit the felony; or if he
was so near to the spot at the time that he by his pre-
sence wilfully aided and assisted them in the perpetration
of the crime, in either of these cases the felony is com-
plete, without any actual manual share in its commission;
and where the statute directs that, to complete the offence,
it must have been done with intent to injure or defraud
any person, there is no occasion that any malice or ill-will
should subsist again.t the person whose property is so des-
troyed. It is a malicious set in contemplation of law.
when a man wilfully does what is illegal, and which, in its
necessary consequence, must injure his neighbour; and it
is necessary to observe that the setting fire to another's. house, vrhether the owner be a stranger to the pri-
soner, or a person against whom he had a former grudge,
must be equally injurious to him. Nor will it be neces-
sary to prove that the house, which forms the subject
of the indictment in any particular case, was that which
was actually set on fire by the prisoner. It will be suffi-
cient to constitute the offence, if he is shown to have
feloniously set on fire another house, from which the
flames communicated to the rest. No ',man can shelter
himself from punishment on the ground that the mischief •
which lie committed was wider in its consequences than
lie originally intended. Gentlemen, another class of of-
fenders will be that of persons who stand charged with
acts of plunder and theft ; and these may come before you
ei-her aggravated by the circumstance of violence or
thre its to the person of the owner, or with the circum-
stance of a breaking into his dwelling-house, or stealing
the property thereout when the house was already broken
open. In both which cases the offence is considered of a
more aggravated nature, and the measure of punishment
is consequently more severe; and the facts may assume
the shape of a simple larceny of the goods of another. In
all of which cases, es in the case of arson before adverted
t t, all who are present, assenting to and co-operating in the
act, are in point of law principal offeaders. The only other
observation I would suggest is this,—that where property
which has been stolen is found in the possession of any
person recently after the theft committed, unless circum-
stances appear to rebut such presumption, he may be
presumed guilty of the theft, until he can explain or
prove his innocent possession of the property. Upon
the subject of a very numerous class of cases relating
to the receiving of stolen property, with the guilty .

l'

,e

IC

kmmledge that it has been stolen, I hold it 'to be unne-
cessary to offer you any observation whatever. There is,
however, one case which stands in a different situation
from the rest, and to which it may he proper that I should
call your particular attention. I mean the case of one
Lewis, who was at large upon his recognizance, but who
has surrendered since, and who stands charged upon
an inquest before the Coroner with the offence of man-
slaughter, in shooting a boy of the name of Morris. It
appears from the depositions before the Coroner, that
Lewis was acting in aid of the civil authorities, in as-
sisting to clear the streets, after proclamation had been
regularly made, requiring the rioters to disperse them-
selves, and after they had continued together for more
than an hour from the time of making the proclamation,
It appears also, by the testimony of the witnesses, that the
pistol was not aimed at the boy who was unfortunately
struck by the ball. The nature, however, of the offence
committed by Lewis, will not depend so much upon that
fact as upon the circumstances under which the pistol was
originally discharged. If the firing of the pistol of Lewis
was a rash act, uncalled for by the occasion, or if it was
discharged negligently and carelessly, the offence would
amount to manslaughter ; but if it was discharged in the
fair and honest execution of his duty, in endeavouring to
disperse the mob, by reason of their resisting, the
act of firing the pistol was then an act justified by
the occasion, under the Riot Act before referred to,
and the killing of the boy would then amount to ac-
cidental death only, and not to the offence of manslaughter.
You will, I doubt not, when the circumstances of the case
are brought before you in evidence, deal with it as
justice requires. Gentlemen, these are the only observa-
tions arising nut of the unfortunate transactions at Bristol
with which I think it necessary to trouble you. It has,
however, been thought proper to bring to trial under the
Special Commission those prisoners also who were in ac-
tual custody at the time of the riot, and whose trial be-
fore the Recorder of this city would then have taken
place, if the disturbances had not prevented it. To return,
however, to the principal object of this Special Commis-
sion. I cannot in conclusion do better than earnestly ex-
hort you all to bring to the examination of these various
Charges, a state of mind on the one hand unprejudiced,
impartial, and dispassionate, on the other firm and straight-
forward in the discharge of your duty ; so that whilst you
watch the evidence with scrupulous care and anxious tide •
lity, and then only determine that the accusation shall pro-
ceed where the evidence of guilt preponderates ; yet, when
such preponderancy takes place, you will show the
temper of your justice to be at once too pure and too firm
to be turned aside by any false notions of lenity from the
discharge of your duty in sending the prisoner to take his
trial before that Jury who is to decide ultimately upon his
innocence or guilt. Gentlemen, such arrangements have
been made as to the bringing bills before you as will not
fail to prevent any unnecessary loss of your time. In the
mean while I beg to assure you that my Learned Brothers
and myself will be at hand, ready to render you every as-
sistance in our power.
The Grand Jury then retired. Several witnesses were
sworn, and bills sent up ; after which the Court, at half-
past four o'clock, adjourned until nine o'clock to-morrow.

DINNER OF THE TRAVELLERS' ASSO•

CIATION.

Yesterday a large party of gentlemen, connected with
the Travellers' Society, sat down to a dinner prepared in
Leech's hest style, at the London Coffee-house, Ludgate.
hill. Mr. Alderman Garratt presided, supported by Sir
Chapman Marshall, and many merchants and traders of
eminence. The cloth being removed, the Chairman i❑ a
very forcible speech described the merits and explained the
circumstances of the Travellers' Association. He shea-ed
that the good it had done entitled it to rank amongst the
noblest charities of the metropolis. If its funds were not
in a flourishing state this arose from no mismanagement.
In proof of the cart used in admitting members, he could
state that none of the claims on their benevolence grew
out of those who had been admitted during the last six-
teen years. He finished by a strong appeal to the libe-
rality of all present. Sir Chapman Marshall, in the course
of the evening, advocated the claims of the institution.
lie was proud to say that he had done suit and service on
the road, and he hoped that his son, as a gentleman and a
traveller, would long be associated with them. He, him-
self, could hardly travel again, the King having conferred
on him during the last year an honour which he was
proud to bear ; he must expect if he were to do so, to be
told as an Hon. Baronet had once been by a Quaker at
Nottingham, " Friend John, I respect thee much, but thy
wheels now want too much greasing."—(A laugh.) Many
other able speeches were made, a variety of appropriate
toasts were drunk, and a subscription of nearly 8001. was
announced before the dole of the festive scene.

SECOND EWTION.

SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock.

THE LONDON GAZETTE

THIS EVENING.

LORD CRAMBFRLAIN'SOFFICE, JA S. 2, 1832.
Notice is hereby given, that his. Majesty will hold a Levee at
St. James's-Palace, on Wednesday the 22d of February next, at
two o'clock, and on every succeeding Wednesday till further
notice.

OFFICE of the VICLCHAMBERLAIN to the QUEEN,
QUEEN'S-HOUSE, ST. JAMES'S, JAR. 2.
Notice is hereby given, that the Queen will hold Drawing_
Rooms, at St. James's Palace, on the following days :
Friday, Feb. 24.—The day appointed for the celebration of her
Thursday, March 15. Majesty's Birth.day.
Thursdoy, April 5.
Thursday, May 3.
Monday, May 28.—The day appointed for the celebration of
the King's Birth-day.
Thursday, Jun. 7.

LORD CHAMBERLAIN'S-OFFICE, JAN. 2.
Notice is hereby given, that the Drawing room to be held at
St. James's Palace, on Friday the 24th of 1. ebruary next, being
for the celebration of her Majesty's Birth-day, the Knights of the
several Orders appear in their Collars.

CROWN-OFFICE, JAN. 3.
MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIAMENT.
BOROUGH OF LEOMINSTER—Beaumont Hotham Baron Hotham,
of South Dalton, in the county of York, in the room of Thomas
Buyen, Esq. who has accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

DECLARATION OF V
JOHN HERON and JAMES COMER INSOL EN CY.
, Liverpool, drapers.
BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED.
JOHN HILL, Little Pulteney.street, dyer.
BANKRUPTS.
JOHN CA ZENOVE, Broad-street-buildings, merchant.
ISAAC SHAW, Gracechurch.streer cheesemonger.
WILLIAM ELSTON, CH Eyre-street-17W, Holborn, victualler.
ARLES BARRON CO U RTENAY, Robert-street, Adel.
phi, bookseller.
JAMES CARPENTER, Wiskeach, Cambridge, linen-draper.
CHARLF.S WOOD and KENETH POOLE, Abchurch.
lane, bill-brokers.
WILLIAM ALFRED NOBLE, Devonshire-square, Bishops_
gate-street, engineer.
HENRY GEORGE MITCHELL, Bermondsey-Wall, Surrey,
wine-merchant.
JOHN HINDE, New-court, Crutched-friars, wine-merchant.
EDWARD THOMPSON, HENRY THOMPSON, and
THOMAS GEORGE THOMPSON, St. Martin's-lane, linen.
drapers.
HENRY CALVERLEY, Scotton, Yorkshire, tanner.
MATTHEW DIXON, Kingston_upon-Hull, corn-dealer.
JOHN PLATT, Manchester, publican.
JOSEPH EDGE, Derby, mercer.
JOHN HALL, Kingston-upon-Hull, tobacconist.
WILLIAM BUTT, Sheerness, linen-draper.
WILLIAM HARVEY, sen., Birmingham, sword-cutler.
RICHARD PITT, Ibstock. Leicestershire, innkeeper.
ROBERT HUDSON, Manchester, timber-merehant.
JOHN HUDSON, Sheffield, table-knife.cutler.
ROBERT JENNINGS, St. James's-place, Hampstead-road,
bricklayer.

A gold fish, the property of a lady in the
vicinity of this town, expired a few days ago, after under-
going a complete change of hue, having assumed a blue
and then a black colour immediately preceding death.
Iras cholera the cause ?—Sunderland Herald.
EXECUTION OF THOMAS BUFFORD, AT
FOR ARSON.—THOMAS BUFFORD, the man
convicted at the late assizes for this county of setting fire
to a barn and other premises, at Guestling, the property of
ihtErns, underwent the last sentence of the law in
front of Horsham gaol on Saturday last. The cap being
drawn over his face, and the Chaplain repeating the Lord's
Prayer, at the words ,‘ as we forgive them which tres-
pass" the drop fell, and the unhappy man was launched
into internity. His convulsions were much greater than
ate usually noticed ; in fact, for eight minutes after his
fall the muscles had not lost their action. After hanging
the usual time the body was taken down, placed in a de-
!ant coffin, and delivered to his relations, who were wait-
tog to receive it. They conveyed it to Guestling for in-
tc!rrnent. The spectators assembled to witness the execti-
On were not numerous—they were estimated at about
amongst whom it was disgusting to see a great
:tot,nher of females, many of whom appeared respectably
ired ; two, in particular, attracted much notice, having
a'v,l themselves close to the gaol-wall, very near the
gil,°l. and, by the levity of their behaviour, continually
lion Ing and laughing, excited strong feelings of indigna-
and thetheY were both well dressed, one had on a black,
theirother a white veil. We endeavoured to ascertain
were nrauisFio,nbut could not do so satisfactorily ; two names
great
ed. from Capel, in Surrey, but, from the
mentio:threelntability of the ladies' friends, we forbear to
••••- Sasser Advertiser.

EQUAL TO AN OCTAVO VOLUME FOR
FOURPENCE.

AN Extra Sheet of EIGHT PAGES wi.
be given on SATURDAY NEXT with the

ATHEN/EUAI.

In addition to the customary Reviews, Reports, Fine
Arts, Theatres, &c. it will contain ORIGINAL PAPERS
and POEMS by
Allan Cunningham Thos. Hood J. Hamilton Reynolds
Author of the Do- Miss Jewsbury The late W. Roscoe
mine's Legacy J. Thos. Roscoe
James Everett W. J. Rev. H. Stebbing
I'. K. Hervey Author of London in J. M. Wilson
Edo'. Herbert, of thel the Olden Time Leitch Ritchie
London Magazine