The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVEN

_ ----- -
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1866,

Mr. BUXTON has rendered the Jamaica faction
more ridiculous than ever by his advocacy ; but,
perhaps, it is as well that he should again have
broached the subject, because it has afforded an
opportunity to some speakers of eminence to pro-
test against his extraordinary opinion. The preju-
dices which the members of this committee have
shown are indeed excessive, and make one wonder
how men who have the facts of the case before them,
and are well versed in public questions, can be so
mistaken and perverse. Whatever effect might
have been produced by their representations, had
they kept within the bounds of moderation,
has been entirely done away with by the
perversity which they have shown, and we
can only wonder at their ignorance and deplore
their infatuation. There is much to cen-
sure in such a course as that which they have
pursued, and while they are seeking to redress the
wrongs of the negro they are falling into errors of
their own, and do not see how much more inex-
cusable it is for them to make deliberate charges
against men who have done their duty, or what
they believed to be such, under most trying circum-
stances, than for those whom they assail to have over-
stepped the limits of prudence when surrounded by
perils of all sorts. Mr. ADDERLEY did great service
to the cause of fair play, when he pointed out
the incompleteness of Mr. B uxToN's statements.
He suppressed all mention of the praise bestowed
upon Mr. EYRE. The hon. member for Surrey
asked them to endorse the censure bestowed upon
the Governor, but to omit all mention of the praise.
A very impressive passage in Mr. ADDERLEY'S
speech was that in which he referred to the mis-
taken view taken by Mr. BtaToli of the nature of
the outbreak. He said, " There was much fear,
but little danger, six months after the event, and
a geed many thousand miles from the spot he
might think it a trifling affair, but he wondered
if he would have taken the same view if he
had had charge of the Government of Jamaica at
the time." Mr. ADDERLEY was quite equal to the
occasion, and, further on, pointed out the incon-
sistency of hon. gentlemen on the Opposition side,
who received in silence his declaration that, in the
event of an outbreak, it was the duty of the gover-
nor of a colony to hold the colony in security, but
greeted with cheers his mention of a second duty
required of him, namely, to temper his measures
with moderation and mercy. " They were all for
mercy to those who attacked public order, but they
were blind to the difficulties of those who had to
maintain it." This is a correct exemplification of
matters, and distinctly shows how unfair the so-
called advocates of impartiality can be, and how, in
their declamations about the want of mercy in others,
they completely overlook the fact that they are
themselves deficient in the first principles of justice.
We know that there are some men who will not
be convinced, and the Jamaica Committee seem
essentially to belong to the class who would heed
not, though one rose from the dead, or else we might
expect that Mr, ADDLRLEY'g calm and deliberate

language would have some effect upon them. He
told them that there was danger of another out-
break in Jamaica, and that application had been
made by the authorities for the means of further
defence against any rioters. This is just what
might have been expected frem the mistaken manner
in which this matter has been carried on, and the
undue clamour that has been raised about it. The
agitators of Exeter Hall have held out a premium
to cut-throats and rioters all over the world ; and so
far from furthering the cause of humanity, they
have done incalculable injury to it through their
specious representations and one-sided declarations.
Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE'S speech is really quite a,
relief after the exaggerations of some and the mis-
statements of others. He declared that the public
opinion against Mr. EYRE, of whom so much had been
made, had been to a great extent manufactured, and
that those who denounced him seemed entirely to over-
look the " peculiar position" in which he had been
placed. He also alluded to the horrors committed
by the rioters, which were denied by those who
made the statements against the coloured authori-
ties. Afterquoting some passages from the addresses
received by the late Governor, in which reference
was made to the spirited manner in which he acted,
he truly declared that " it was almost ungenerous
of the late Government to have superseded Governor
EYRE during the inquiry." It was indeed most un-
worthy conduct for English Ministers to have pur-
sued,
and nothing can justify it.
Mr. MILL'S speech was most extreme, and he
only succeeded in showing how a man may profess
great liberalism and practise intoleration to a con-
siderable extent. Notwithstanding Sir. ADDERLEY'S
declaration that those so virtuously indignant about
the conduct of the authorities had forgotten that
everything was done under martial law, he went
on to say that a " judicial tribunal" was the only
one competent to pronounce a final judgment. The
hon. member went so far as to compare the occur-
rences in Jamaica with the massacre of St. Bartho-
lomew and the September massacres in France. It
is indeed surprising how people can deceive
themselves as they do when they take up
an extreme view of the question. It is of no use for
public men to make such inordinate professions of
toleration and declaim so much about justice, and
then to show themselves so manifestly inconsistent
and unfair. As Mr. COCHRANE truly put it, he was
surprised at not hearing from hon. gentlemen oppo-
site a single word of sympathy for the unfortunate
persons who were the first victims of the outbreak.
It is this sort of conduct that has disgraced and
lowered the so-called liberalism of many, and made
them a byeword and a reproach in many instances,
because people say it is all clap-trap and taken up

for a purpose.
Mr. DISRAELI put the case in its true light before
the House, and showed the fallacies of the assertion
made that in accepting the first resolution of the
hon. member for Surrey they were pledging them-
selves for further action. He said if Governor
EYRE is to be brought to justice in Parliament, it
must be by process of impeachment, but the resolu-
tion could never be the foundation of an impeach-
ment, " because it was based throughout on the
assumption that everything which was done was
legal." The expression that this House deplores the
excessive punishments which followed the sup-
pression of the disturbances, of course, im-
plies that those acts were legal, because the use
of the term " punishment is an acknowledgment
that it was the result of a legal act." It is well that
the right hon. gentleman should have thus clearly
stated the facts of the case, because so much misre-
presentation has already been made on this subject
that it is important for all to be as straightforward
as possible. Under the circumstances we think
that the House has adopted the wisest course, and
now we would ask, in the name of common sense,
fair play, and consistency, what more is re-
quired to be done in this Jamaica affair? After
the speeches of Sir R. PALMER, the Attorney-
General, and Mr. GURNEY, with others, who followed
them, nothing is left to be said on the question. If
Mr. BUXTON, and those who think like him, persist
in carrying their projects into effect, they must
take the consequences upon themselves ; but we
warn them that they will end by forfeiting
the esteem and respect of all independent persons to
whichever side of politics they belong, while we
protest against the name of Liberalism being per-
verted to suit the prejudices of those who act in
direct opposition to its spirit and violate its
principles.

We trust that the days when nothing was so cer-
tain to empty the benches of the House of Com-
mons as an Indian debate may be numbered with
the things of the past. There is a widespread and
growing conviction that it is impossible for the
statesmen and legislators of this country adequately
to discharge their duties towards our vast eastern
empire without something more than mere surface
information to guide them. We cannot, indeed,
expect much discussion on Indian affairs this ses-
sion, but we hope that the advent of a new Secre-
tary to the Presidency of the Indian office will bring
Indian politics and Indian interests more into the
arena of every-day thought and debate, leaving on
one side that veil of mystery and reticence which has
so long perplexed and repelled the inquirer. The
people of this country know so little of the inhabi-
tants of their great dependency that it is difficult
for them to form an opinion on many questions of
great social, political, and religious importance ; and
this ignorance, and the indifference which it springs
from, have been fostered by the traditional policy
of the India-office. Lord CRANBORNE'S first speech
on Indian affairs, since the assumption of his duties,
gives some grounds for hoping that he will not share
the dislike to the criticism of the public or the inter-
ference of Parliament, common to most of his pre-
decessors. He invited discussion on the finances of
India, and we may therefore reasonably hope that
he will be ready to facilitate discussion on topics of
broader and more general interest. On Monday
Mr. ° put a question relative to the proposed
transfeTrWoAf Ythe capital of British India to the Secre-
tary of State, which elicited the fact that no sanction
had been given to any such alteration, and that the
Government of India had not azslieLdAlvEN
foßrit.CElatnisd
no secret, however, that Sir j
awnxhieonussifrocr
isuucEhuas
ah da jt u oo rr sd
tmraonstsfoefr,haisndcot airleALvlFerYmc,
Wow), was as resolutely opposed to it. We hope
that Lord CRANBORNE, who will come to the consi-
deration of the question unprejudiced,
will give his
attention to the matter, and ask why it should be
indispensable that so many of our Anglo-Indian
officials—men of intelligence, experience, enterprise
and character, whom neither country can lightly
spare, should imperil their lives and injure their
healths year after year by an enforced residence in
a most unhealthy situation. Life on the hills is
wholesome and enjoyable ; life in Calcutta daring
several months of every year is oppressive and dan-
gerous to Europeans. Is it then fair or reasonable
to compel men either to neglect their duties or to
injure their healthy? Why should not the seat
of Government be removed to Simla, and the offi-
cials whom it will be necessary to maintain in
Calcutta relieved periodically. On board ship the
company is divided into three watches, so that each
hM two -thirde. teat for one-third's watching, and

thus two-flirds of the year spent in a healthy cli-
mate might well neutralise the evil effects of an
ill-drain ,ed and ill-watered city in an unhealthy
situatio n. We have lost so many eminent public
servants in that fatal city that England has a
right selfishly to demand that no more lives should
be needlessly sacrificed.
The relations between this country and her In-
dian& Empire have been often rashly or erroneously
staiced. It is therefore satisfactory to find the
qu.estion so ably and thoroughly dealt with as it
i 4 in the current number of the Quarterly Review.*
In an article headed " The Value of India to
England," The writer contradicts indignantly the
opinion shared in many quarters that India is
rather a source of weakness than of strength to
us, and that if we could dissever the connection
without discredit we should gain rather than lose
by being quit of her. He is able to quote the
opinion of no less an authority than DE TocQuE-
VILLE in support of his argument, though DE Toc-
QUEVILLE did not, unhappily, live to see the rapid
development of Indian resources within the last
few years, nor to complete the work on India
under British rule, which he long had under con-
templation. The writer in the Quarterly justly re-
minds those who would argue from the successful
self-government of some of our most important
colonies that India should be left to its own re-
sources, that the cases are by means parallel. India
is not a colony peopled by sturdy, thriving Anglo-
Saxons, who have been accustomed all their lives to
the forms of constitutional government. If .de-
prived of our direct legislation it would have no
responsible government of its own, but would either
fall into a state of anarchy and confusion, or be-
come the certain prey of some other powerful nation.
In either case, as our author points out, the
trade with England would be destroyed ; and to
estimate the full force of this we must remember
that the commerce of England with India at the
present time is greater than that which we have
with any other nation in the world, including even
the United States. Our disruption with America
has not, indeed, diminished the trade between us,
but can any one compare the Indians of to-day with
the Americans of the days of WASHINGTON in their
capacity for self-government ? We can hardly sup-
pose so. But how, then, do those malcontents who
wouldbreak off our legislative connection with India
suppose that the commerce of the countries can re-
main unbroken ? The importance of preserving
India as a substantive part of an empire is very
great in another aspect. The capabilities of the
Indian soil and climate are so vast and varied
that it is difficult to put a limit to the nature
of its productions. In case of the sudden
failure of any our usual sources of supply, or
of our rupture with the foreign powers which pro-
vide us with raw material, India could come to our
assistance, as she has already supplied the place of
Russian hemp with her fibres, and of American
cotton with her native staple. The inferior quality
of Indian cotton was due not to the soil
but to the attendant circumstances. The
cultivation was new, and ignorance, fraud, and
many another obstacle, interfered with its full suc-
cess. As a slight indication of the capacity of
India as a cotton-growing country, we may cite
the fact that in 1860 India sent us only 206 million
pounds of cotton, while in 1864 she sent us 506
millions, and this although cotton cultivation has
long been quite at a discount in India. Referring
to this view of the question, the writer in the
Quarterly says :—" The future resources of India
are quite incalculable. We have already seen
her replacing with her produce the hemp
and linseed of Russia and the cotton of
America. She is rapidly preparing to substi-
tute her tea for that of China. Should England
ever be cut off from her usual sources of supply of
sugar, coffee, silk, wool, or iron in a few years,
India would make good the deficit. Even now
India supplies a fair proportion of these articles, and
Indian labour produces a large proportion of the
supply from our colonies. So long as England and
India are allied, England is independent of the rest
of the world." As for the importance of India as a
market for our exports it can hardly be overrated.
The report of Col. BAIRD SMITH, written some four
years since, tells us that all classes near to easy lines
of communication in the North-West Provinces are
large consumers of English cloths, and gives his
dictum that it is merely a question of time and in-
ternal improvements of roads and rivers, when the
whole community shall become the customers of
Manchester. In those districts which had direct
water communication with Calcutta, Col. BAIRD
SMITH found half the population already clothed in
Manchester fabrics. This may give us some idea of
the importance of extending the means of commu-
nication both by land and water throughout the
whole of India, and had the work been pushed on
as vigorously ten years ago as it is now we should
have still greater reason to marvel at the growth of
Indian trade and commerce.

Another means by which India contributes to the
revenues of this country are the direct payments
made to Englishmen for service in that country.
The salaries of military and civil officers amount
annually to a very large sum total, while there are
in addition hosts of enterprising men engaged
throughout the country, and drawing the income
which they often remit to England for the use of
their families from that part of our dominions
What a loss morally as well as materially it would
bo to a populous and enterprising people if India
were taken from us. It is a field which offers pro-
fitable and honourable employment to thousands
who could scarcely find room for their energies at
home, and who are there enriching the empire by
their services, while they are conferring the greatest
benefits upon India itself. It is a union without
parallel in the history of the world. Let us then
consult alike our duty and our interest in maintain-
ing it in all its vigour.

" " The Value of India to England." Art. VII. The
Quarterly Review, July, 1866.

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess
of Wales will honour the Archbishop of York with a visit
to Bishopthorpe Palace, York, on the 9th inst., for a few
days. A select party are invited to meet their Royal
Highnesses.

r THE NEW SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA has
reparation to the Indian
having been unjustly treated esolved to adopt the measures which were about
to be laid before Parliament by his predecessor for making
officers who were reported as
various ways by the re
construction of the Indian Army. As we
have. before
intimated, the grievance of those who complain that
their seniority claims were improperly
conse-
quence of the more rapid promotiogivseenttasidhe in
now to have the option of entering the corpswithoutotecorps are
preliminary test, taking their place relatively with
th any
pre-
sent officers as if they had entered the corps at the time e
its formation. The recommendations as regards the Mel'
fying time for the emjoyment of colonel's allowance aral:
to be carried out. But we believe we may announce stillaeae
greater boon. We have more than once held up what is
known as the Bonus Grievance as the most substantial of
which the Indian officers have to complain. But up to
the present that claim has been disallowed, on the
ground that the practice, the cessation of which caused
in
various
them so much loss, was " illegal. " We under-
stand that Lord Cranborne is disposed to take a more
liberal and enlightened view of this portion of the case.
He bears in mind that, however illegal the practice may
have boon, the Government of India sanctioned it and
guaranteed its continuance. He thinks that faith should
be kept with the officers who, up to the present, are out Of
pocket, by their having confided in the formal promises
of the Governor-General of India in Council, and an equit-
able measure of compensation, we have every reason to
think, will be speedily prepared and promulgated.—Army
and t'Y Gazette.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Tuesday Evening.

The Moniteur, never remarkable for the celerity
with which it announces facts in its official part, to-
day has the following :—" Vichy, July 29.—The
Emperor has to-day received the letter in which her
Majesty Queen Victoria notifies to his Imperial
Majesty the marriage of her daughter, Madame the
Princess Helena Augusta Victoria, with the Prince
Frederic Christian Charles Auguste de Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg. Also the
letter which H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Oldenbourg
has written to his Majesty to announce the decease
of his cousin, Madame the Princess Catherine
Frederique Pauline, Duchess of Oldenbourg."
The Empress and the Prince Imperial still re-
main at St. Cloud, and yesterday her Majesty pre-
sided at a Cabinet Council as the representative of
his Majesty. The Marquis de la Valette, the Minis-
ter of the Interior, has left Paris for Vichy to at-
tend the Emperor, but most of the other Ministers
still remain in town to be in consultation in regard
to events which may arise. In these stirring times
of war news may come at any moment requiring
immediate consideration.

The Prince and Princess Christian of Augusten-
bourg, after a short stay at the British Embassy,
have left Paris with the intention of visiting several
of the French provinces. Their first visit was to
Lyons.
The news received by the French Government
from Mexico to the 29th of June is rather in-
teresting. At the moment of the departure of
the mail Marshal Bazaine was informed that the
Mexican brigade, commanded by General Oldera,
1,600 strong, having left Matamoras to escort a
convoy of merchandise to Monterey, had been sur-
prised and attacked by Escobedo with 4,000 men
on the 16th June at Berrendo. The convoy was
overpowered, and the Mexican troops, partly de-
stroyed, left 500 men in the bands of the enemy.
General Mejia had only 500 Mexican troops and
Urban militia to defend Matamoras. All was ready
for an energetic resistance, when the inhabitants,
alarmed at the insufficiency of the means of de-
fence, determined to capitulate. No details had
arrived respecting the reduction of the place, but it
was known that General Mejia obtained for his
small garrison an honourable capitulation, and the
most favourable conditions for the population of
Matamoras. De General had landed with his
troops at Vera Cruz. Michoacan was still infested
with guerillas. A detachment of the Austrian legion
was attacked on the 12th of June at Tehuatlan by
400 disaffected in a strong position, but after a com-
bat of several hours they were dislodged with con-
siderable loss.

The bulletin of the Illoniteur states that, accord-
ing to the news from Nikolsbourg of the 29th July,
the King of Prussia was on that day to inspect his
army on the Marchfeld, and the next day Welfers-
dorf Ladendorf, and afterwards Martgraf-Neusidcl.
The headquarters were to be at Nikolsbourg until
the return of the King, who would then visit Ber-
lin, passing by Prague and Breslau. His Majesty
intended to open the Prussian Chambers at Berlin
on the sth August. The navigation of the Rhine,
suspended by late events, has been resumed.

Letters from Rome state that a certain degree of
anxiety begins to prevail in that city in consequence
of an announcement recalling to recollection that
the day fixed for the avacuation of Rome by the
French troops was the 14th of September, and that
it was intended to carry out the arrangement with
exactitude. The question was under consideration
whether his Holiness would continue to reside at
the Vatican, or whether he would transfer his
spiritual administration elsewhere.
The Debat of Vienna, in the course of an article
respecting the probable changes in Germany, says :
"Austria emerges from the Confederation. The north
of Germany will be constituted under the direction
of Prussia. Austria does not oppose the union of
the Southern States of Germany under the direction
of Bavaria. But it appears to us that this stipula-
tion does not sufficiently regulate the position of
Austria in regard to the German States of the
South. The question of the reorganisation of Ger-
many will be probably submitted to a Congress of
the Powers of Europe, as the treaties of Vienna
will give the Powers the opportunity of intervening
in the affair."

The Caen Races on Sunday were well attended,
and the general results prove that they are increas-
ing in estimation. The special prize (4th class) of
2,000 f. was won by Puebla, Reveille Matin 2d.
The
eP
and mares
principal prize
(3d class) of 3,000!., for entire
horses of three-year-olds and upwards,
was won by Le Mandarin ; Arc-en-Ciel 2d, Gaulois
3d ; 250 f. to the second horse. The Prix la Societe
(3,000 f.) was won by Montmirail ; Coloquinte 2d,
Juliette 3d. _ _

The 12,000 f. prize of the Town of Caen (handi-
cap), 4,000 f., given by the town, and B,ooof. by the
Society, was won by Canotiere, Verite 2d, Mer-
cedes 3d, Affidavit 4th. 59 horses ran.
The prize of the Society for the encouragement
and improvement of the breed of horses in France
(4,000 f.) was won by Said, La Favorite second.
The Conseil General Prize of 2,500 f. was won by
Collet-Monte, there being no competitors.
The Emperor attended mass in the new church of
Vichy on Sunday. He was received by M. Dreux
Breze, Bishop of Moulins, who made an appropriate
address to his Majesty on the occasion. His
Majesty, in answer, said—" I am always anxious to
come to the foot of the altar to pray God to give me
the inspirations to guide me in order to insure the
good of religion and the great interests which Pro-
vidence has placed in my hands."
There is a decided change to-day from summer to
winter. It was cold and cheerless in the morning,
and there has been much rain during the day.
The Parisian Club—the Sport Nautique (le la
Seine, represented by the men of the Perseverance,
won all the first prizes with one, two, and four
rowers at the Calais Regatta on Sunday, and was
second in the matches against the English (of
Dover), and the Regatta Societies of Dunbercire,
Calais, and Boulogne.
The Journal des Debats, in a review of the state
of Europe, says that universal suffrage is about to
enter upon the scene, it being the intention to give
the population of Venetia the opportunity of decid-
ing upon their own fate and to choose their
nationality.

SANITARY MATTERS AT THE EAST END.—Yester-
day, Mr. Humphreys, coroner, held an inquiry at
the Black Bull tavern, Chilton-street, Brick-lane, touching
the death of Jas. Holdham, aged nine. Tho deceased was
one of fire children of a labourer, earning 14s. a week, 4s.
of which was paid for the rent of two rooms in Chilton-
street. On Wenesday the boy fell ill, and his father went
at noon next day to Mr. Haycock, surgeon, believing him
to be the parish doctor. Mr. Haycock, although no longer
parish surgeon, kindly visited the boy, gave him medicine,
and directed the father to apply at the Bethnal-green work-
house for a medical order. It being after 11 a.m., it was
7 o'clock before the applicant received an order. He took
it at once to Mr. Massingham, the parish surgeon, telling
him that the case was urgent. Mr. Massingham, after some
demur, said that if he could ho would call that evening, but
he did not call till Friday at half-past 3 o'clock. The de-
ceased had been dead eight hours. Witnesses described
the place where deceased's parents lived as being most un-
healthy. The water poured into the cellar floor and re-
mained stagnant, producing such a stench that the people
were unwilling to go in, and generally begged water from
neighbours. The same cellar was used as a dust-hole, and
the dust was cleaned out about three times in 18 months
Mr. Waring, the landlord, refused to give a water butt, be-
cause it would be " too expensive." Complaints were made
at the Town-hall three months ago of the state of the place.
Mr. G. Haycock said that the deceased died from typhoid
fever. On the premises in question the drains were en-
trapped, and the place bad not been whitewashed for years
Nos. 30, 34, and 36, Chilton-street were in a similar con-
dition. This state of things of course lowered vitality,
and rendered recovery from disease very difficult. The
coronet remarked upon the great danger to public health
frum the neglect disclosed, now the cholera had com-
menced its ravages. The jury, after consulting together
returned the following special verdict, " That the deceased
died from typhoid fever, from natural causes, but accele-
rated by the absence of sanitary arrangements ; that the
parish doctor
ought to have attended the deceased at once
when he received
the order; that great blame attached to
the parish authorities for allowing premises to remain in
the same filthy condition after complaint had been made to
them ; that greater facilities should be given to obtain
medical orders, the times, limited as at present, being pre-
judicial to the poor ; and that thin verdict be forwarded to
the I'oor-law Board:,