The Sun.
London, England, 1866-04-19 00:00:00

Anthropological Society.

At the meeting of this society on Tuesday evening—Dr.
Hunt, the president, in the chair—a paper was read by Mr.
Bollaert on "The Anthropology of the New World." After
referring/to the opinions entertained respecting the
peopling of America before it was discovered by Columbus,
and pointing out the relations between the inhabitants of
the Old and New Worlds, Mr. Bollaert took an elaborate

survey of the various races inhabiting. the American conti-
nent, commencing with the Esquimaux and the posses-
sions of Russia, and proceeding southwards to Mexico and
Peru. Intim resume of these considerations he observedthat

as we find nearly the same general arrangement of rocks iu
the New World as iu the Old, it is natural to conclude that
the continent of America bears an equally ancient date, and

has gone through analogous changes. The Old World,
how-
ever, has its greatest length_from east to west, the New,
north and south, and the great mountain ranges also take
opposite directions. The fossil remains have great pecu-
liarities ; and the vegetable and animal creationsof America
have very marked differences when compared with similar
creations in otherportions of the globe. Plants and animals,
it is generally considered, were created antecedently to man,
and. when wo examine the distribution of humanity in the
New World, and compare it with what is met with else-
where, we discover differences of such a character as to give
the idea that the red or copper-coloured man of America
came from other tkan one pair. He estimated the native
population of America, at the period of its discovery, at
100,000,000 ; at present there may be from 10 to 11,000,000.
They aro said to have 400 languages and more than 2,000
dialects ; but all the languages of America are peculiar to
it. On comparing the Indians of America with the other
great species of men in the Old World, he came to the cop-
elusion that there are not any remnants of a brown or
Asiatic race in America, nor any other remains than those
of the New-World man. Mr. Bollaert said that having
some years since collected and examined materials con-
cerning the history of America, particularly as to the ar-
chitecture of ancient Mexico, Central America, New Gra-
nada, and Peru, the languages spoken there, the arts, and
science, he first came to the Conclusion that in those re-
gions each nation showed a civilisation of its own, and
that other localities in those lands supported tribes,
and even nations, as mere hunters in the wilder-
ness. This shadowed forth to him that the red
man of tho New World was rather a distinct species,
or creation, when compared with the white man of Europe,
; the brown of India, tho black of Africa, and other groups
of mon. The native of the New World, if investigated,
physically, mentally, and morally, is found to be governed
by special laws. Ile has his own climate, his own aliment ;
his own diseases, which he knows how to alleviate and
cure ; but let him contract any of the European maladies,
the majority (especially small-pox) are fatal to him, even

to the annihilation of whole nations. If we examine hint
by crania and its contents, we find, at least in-the confor-
mation of the brain as compared to the European, a marked
difference. In the American Indian the anterior lobe is
small, and in the European it is large in proportion to the
middle lobe. Differences are also observed in the osteolo-
gical and physical characteristics when compared with the
white man. Looking also to their relative intellectual
capacitiesin the New World, in regard to religion, language,
numbers, pictorial writing, and even the invention of a
hieroglyphic alphabet, also to the architectural, we find
these peculiar to each of the several groat nations, as also
in their computation of time, and the invention of their
various calendars and zodiacs. It appeared to him, in-
deed, that what we commonly called the semi-civilisation
of the people of America should rather be denominated
their own civilisation. Mr. Bollaert calculated by observ-
ing that the result of his inquiries led him to abandon the
monogenistic view and to adopt the hypothesis of separate
creations.
Tho Rev. Dunbar Heath, Mr. Mackenzie, and Mr. Carter
Blake took part in the discussion of the paper, in which the
latter combated the notion that the animals of. America
are of smaller size than those of the Old World; with re-
spect to the insect creation especially, that was remarkably
the contrary.
The meeting then adjourned.

[AnvEnTrsEnErur.] —Du Barry's delicious and health-
restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which contains three
times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its
cost in other remedies, restores perfect digestion, strong
nervy 5, sound lungs, healthy liver, refreshing sleep, func-
tional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or en-
feebled, removing speedily and effectually indigestion (dys-
pepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver
complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore
throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and
ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, nen-
ralgiA, tit Jility, steeplebsnoss, acidity, palpit4t.en, heart-
burn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea,
and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, inci-
pient consumption, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at
the pit of the stomach, between the shoulders, &c. Certi-
ficate No. 29,410. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew
Ure, At.D., ; Dr Harvey; Pr Wurzer ; Dr S..orland ;
Dr Campbe:L We quote a few out of the 62,0 0 cures : —Cure
No. 57,314. Tittenson • I cannot express my grantude for
the benefit I have deriv, d from Du Barry's food. My ap-
petite is perfectly restored, the pains in my leg, bask, and
chest are quite gone, and I am fast gaining strength and
flesh. Mrs A. Owen.—Cure No. 51,812. Miss Virginia
Zeguers, cured of consumption, after her medial advisers
abandoned all hopes of recovery.- Cure No. 40,'32. 01 fifty
years' Indebcribable agony frern dyspepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at
the stomach, a d vomiting. AlariaJoly, Wortham, Lhig, near
Diss, Norfolk. - Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of
NazingVie.arage, Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme nervous-
ness, indigestion, c.r,athorings,low spirits, and nervous fancies.
In tins, lib, 2s fid ; 21b, 45 6,1 ; 51b, aid ; 121 b, 22s ; 241 b,
105.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ;
also Phillips, lea d'.;alers, 8, King William-street ; likewise
at GI, Uracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate-
, street Within ; 63, i 50, and 208, Oxford-street ; 3.30, Strand ;
54, Upper Baker-street; 103, 'Tottenham-court-road; 96,
Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close
Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace. St.
; John's-wood, London; and all respectable ;grocers and che-
, mists,—Beware of spurious imitations.

THE PUBLIC JOURNALB.

ambitious professionals. A constituency of the former -
ingredients can be managed by the ordinary agency, the
usual hospitalities, and a little interchange of personal
kindness. A more respectable constituency secures for the
successful candidate not only a larger expenditure in the
first instance, but also continual applications for places and
other favours supposed to be easy to a member of Parlia-
ment. That, however, is only an M.P.'s point of view,
and it is one which is quite independent of political parties.
As we have said above, we do not think the bill seriously
threatens the political balance in the 40 cities and boroughs
we have quoted ; but we also do not think it will prove
conducive to electoral purity and dignity.
DAILY NEWS.—The scattered family over which Air'
Cardwell so conscientiously presides is giving him much
trouble, and threatens to givehim more. New Zealand, the
maritime provinces of British North America, and more
recently Victoria, have proved wayward and untractable,
and have provoked from the Colonial Secretary of State
the language of warning and expostulation, and now, -while
the fruits of his teaching are as yet things to be hoped for
rather than admired, a colony in another part of the
world is deviating from the straight and narrow patb, on
the pleasantness and safety of which Mr. Cardwell so loves
to descant. The Governor and House of Assembly of Van"
couver's Island are at loggerheads, and the public affairs of
that colony at a dead lock. The cause of the difficulty Is
real, not sentimental. The Government of the colony has
been spending more than it receives, and is accordingly
involved in difficulties. ItS official staff -was organised in
a sanguine spirit of magnificence which the event has not
justified. Those who fixed the colonial establishment/ hi-
stead of asking themselves, as the founders of young 'Oru-
munities should always do, what service was wanted, er
pear to have considered simply what amount of salarie°
the taxpayers would tolerate. At first the people were '
satisfied with the scale of their outgoings, even if thel
were not proud of it, and if the population and revenue of
ld
the colony had continued to increase, no complaints u
o
have been heard on this score. But of late the number f
inhabitants has been decreasing, while expenditure has
augmented, and the finances of the colony have fallen into
a very unsatisfactory state. Under these circumstance°,
the Government felt it necessary to enter urn,
policy of retrenchment. But instead of dismissing
useless officers, it cut down the estimates al3P,r°;
priated for roads, surveys, education, and other use'..e"
objects, and this at the very time when officw
salaries were being raised and new offices created.
Lion accordingly became more oppressive, more ppop left,
business grew worse, and the evils which called forth thet
first complaints were intensified. The Assembly was!c)
satisfied with the method of economy practised by the Lx°'
vernor, and instituted one of its own. It took the luieie,
terial estimates in hand, 'and struck out the sums destine,'
to pay the salaries of those officials whose services it col:::
sidered superfluous, reducing also those of the rentaie"-,-
to amounts corresponding to theirusefulness and the abilit,
of the colony. These, it must bi confessed, were strong
measures, and Governor Kennedy lost no time in address'
ing a letter to the House, decidedly blaming its actiea;
The Assembly, ho said, ought not to abolish 131ce. it
without making compensation to their incumbents, snuid
was bound to pay the full salaries according to the. °
scale of the officials whom it retained. The Governer,
• does not appear to have denied the right of the Assel3:ta
[ to reduce the supplies, though ho strongly reprobated "
vote,
idea of providing for, official salaries by an annual
the
But this was not the only point of difference between
Governor and the House. The latter, beside cutting d°l,
expenditure in one direction, enlarged in in another inch. 1'-
following way : it gained 69,000 dollars by its retrena
month, and this stun, together with 8,000 dollars over era,
above the gross amount of the original estimates, it ePP,
priated for public works. The Governor, in his nlesseFoen
treats the whole amount of 77,000 dollars as an As.
to the estimates, and remarks :-66 The House 0" and
ginating usurps the functions of the executive by
ginating and increasing items of public expenditure
and
creating new offices. I cannot too distinctly
decidedly express my dissent from this course.
power of both initiating and voting supplies for S'tte
ries and services cannot with safety be conceded to
v),•
ender
Such branch of the existing legislature of this col°
(ior
Such a concession on my part would be a virtual surr
4g or
of all that it is my duty to guard. Such a course —.O in
known to the constitution of Great Britain, au4 1 re..
violation of those important constitutional principles
the
quiring a strict separation of the legislative frolaloii
executive functions." The Governor is unqueSti°l!
right in resisting the pretensions of the Assemlce'n
initiate public expenditure. Wherever this right has
b°oo
successfully asserted constitutional government bee.aause
ruined. Nothing more contributed to make the late
this
of Assembly in Jamaica a nuisance than its practice u'4o/0
respect. It is an essential part of the constitutional Or
the
that every grant of money shall be recommended bo
hYlci
Crown before it is voted. Were it not so, there W°llopt
no real and individual responsibility for tho resnavir
ger
of the publiC finances, and members of the House opts' for
mons would be encouraged to push forward grfi „so
objects interesting to themselves and to their COnstitu:tber
without much regard to the amount or urgency' of vor•
demands upon the national purse. The Assembly 0! tioes
couver's Island, however, knowing that its approPilaf
are more for the interest of the colony than these
Governor, mixes up unconstitutional preteisions
timato claims. On the receipt of the Governor's me our
it passed resolutions, among other things, refus polished,
pensation to the officials whose salaries had been aei
and asserting its right to originate and increase:loloa
grants. In the neighbouring colony of British C.°l s ,°_,a
osto
which, besides supporting Government establin it
upon a sumptuous scale, has just raised the sniarY:3,l
Governor from L 3.000 to £4,000, extravagance has pest
financial difficulties. It would really seem as if
t old Dtt
thing the people of Vancouver's Island could dO
,o join British Columbia.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

Cr AINSBOROUGII—TUESDAY. i;,
Our Corn Exchange to-day was thinly suPPl,av 151
wheat. The full rates of last week were exceeded 'To 00
white making from 51s to 53s ; and mixed from 495. ~g s 0
per qr. Barley dull and dear. Other descriptiow
before.

BULL.—TUESDAY.
V. OSP
Since our last more business has been done in 0 dr.
wheat, at a n advance in this district of fully is pafo..
In foreign there have not been many transactions. ,ot
day.there was a large supply of English wheat, whicb 50,
a fair sale at is advance. Barley scarce, and dear ; c!op0
48s to 525; old red, 42s 0 OS.
the same. Beans and peas unaltered. The quotati
are as follows: 46'4'
gs,liisiehlvoldEnmg,hliisthe, w4h3esa tto,
445. Peas, English blue, Barley, English, 37s to 425. Oats, Russian, 24 to 0$
to 41s Od ; grinding, 40s to 41s Od per 36 stone.
BeEmni

SALISBURY.—TUESDAY. .pg of
We had a short supply of wheat on offer, part ilotter•
inferior quality ; but late rates were is per (41. d ree°
Barley was in much smaller show, and maintain ° tonst
figures. A moderate business was done in oats, , fro)
and peas, generally at last week's figures. Fl6u d'
inquiry. A frOr°
;C. 04
The following are the quotations :—Wheat re=s deans, 4
38s to Sand barley, 35s to 44s ; oats, 225 to fray t 1
its
to 528 peas, 428 to 50s per qr. Taxes, o, 12J.
6d per bushel ; Best bread, 13d ; household
per 81b loaf. Flour, 34s to 38s per sack.

, MONMOUTHSHIRE—TuEsDAV._, .t, re:
The 'following are the average quotations : --- w he'bs. 3 a,l
5s Od to 5s 6d per;malting inferior ditto 4s 9d to gor
white 5s 9d to 6s g barley 653 t0,43513..Fr qt;I: to 269;
ing ditto, .27s to 325; beans, 44s ;white 'white onto, 4'6
black ditto, 23s Gd to 24s Gd. f

LYNN—TUESDAY.
A fair attendance to-day, and but a small sirovieel‘•
wheat. The prices realised were the same as last .o,llit°
New wheat, 42s to 46s ; new red, 41s to 44s ; 0,
Oats,
fig°
51s to 535; old red, 48s to 51s per 36 stone. os. '
Oat°, eh
malting, 37s to 40s ; secondary, 33s to 355. ~, 170
24s to 260 r4r 24 et..... Reans, small, 430 to 4"'''
36s to 4Q5 per 23 stone. . . „A

NEWCASTLE—TUESDAY. , of Wi11'.,,.
At to-day's market there was a moderate supyil froP-
from the growers, but a good arrival coastwise ali„ Ve
abroad. The trade ruled firm, with a fair busientitir
English and foreign bringing an advance a is Per 'titer
ter over the rates of last week. Barley was a sin3.o ovA'•
and ewe a moderato sale, at late prices. Ai'dt'2l,ll9,ligel
Beans re at rather more money. Peas all quantity
Oats moved off at fully late rates, but a sll A
market. It be"
The average prices of British grain for the Wee r.
been—wheat, 45s 4d ; oats, Os Od; arley, 39s Per q

I

Is

—=-----7---- Births. ,
v,s,gesl
DREW-On the 17th.inst., at Plaistow, West 50, '''
the wife of Richard Drew, Esq., of a daughter. 5..0i"
EVANS-011 the 17th inst., at 3, Tavistock.placo,, ,O.
stock-square, the wife of Anthony Evans, Escpo' rote,
WALRER—On the 17th inst., at 23, Brunswiek-fa4r
lieusiugiou, tho Nv-ilu ul ClittrleS Walker, WOO
law, of a daughter.
Marriages. 3101;','
Wm. Hingeston, Esq. fielle
HmozsToN—DitETON—On the 17th inst., lleg'
to Lucy, second daughter of Philip
Bryanston-square,
of Hampstead, and of the Inner Temple, barrister
4
law. ,priiiit;
ter of the Rev. John Down
110VSEMAN—Downs—On the 17th inst.
_, at WV 'Ol 30t
ji. La BrtoThe
Church, Paddington, the Rev. John Housetnol, 10
Gloucester-crescent, Hyde-park to Edith, eldes ,Tort
t d'll Iv
amptonshire. es'
' late Of aortal), ''

Deaths.
ELLESMERE—On the 17th inst., at Bridgewater rolls!: t
James's, ilarriet, Countess (Dowager) of Ellesmetypiry
lane, Cro7don, George Eattcliff,
RATTCLIFF-OR tho 17th inst., at his residence, It
STEWART-On the 16th inst., at Paris, John D. Ste
Esq., late of Ilackerton, Forfar. . 10'
Esq., aged 76. ,It,
10 r
TysER-Ou tho 16th inst., at, 9, Gloucester-square„, foge '
park, the residence of Sir T. Parlous, Bart., 0.
Esq., aged 53. mile Oes'
UNDERHILL —On the 15th inst., at his resiuome, -i- d 7.
cent, Wolverhampton, Joseph Unerhill, Dos, age
- - ----f,
-_-_____.7._ _ ----------- --
- " T 1 3009°10
London Printed and Published by vv1.1,---A 0300, 19 of
of No. 112, Strand, Plinter, at TON Sort Otze-cogi
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy Jo
Middleoex.---Thursday, April 19,1866.

ONDON must have a SUPPER and MUSIC
}:„-4 ROOM for Gentlemen. Rernemb..r, we wait for you at
"‘NS' after the Covent-garden Opera and the Theatres.

RINAHAN'S LL WHISKY. - DUBLIN
EXHIBITION, 1865.
This Dahlia Pir celebMrated OLD IRISH WHISKY gained the
ze edal.
It is Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Whole-
some.
by
Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd., at the Retail Houses in London ;
the Agent th 1 towns in England ;or
Wholesale at 8 in
e principal
8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET LONDON, W.
tiPh
nserve the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded
ahan's LL Whisky."

MUTUAL LOAN FUND ASSOCIATION
ancorpor ited by Act of Parliament, 1SIO),
14, lir „
LL-sTREET, COVENT-GARDEN, LONDON.
ti.Dlr
Pre ''",-,r•S MONEY on Personal Security, Bills of Sale,
re9.ehold o Leasehold Property, without inquiry
thre:l: anydeduction whatever, for periods of one, two, or
disc, 'ears, repayable weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Rills
nnteil The greatest secrecy observed. Advances also
9e
towards the Purchase of a House, repay ible in 5, 10, or
eavelaorpeeTFOrms free on application, or receipt of a stamped

EDWARD HARPER. Secretary.

R 111
Y CONTRACTS.
ofnee TENDERS will be received at the undermentioned
th until
of Twelve o'clock noon on the 30th instant, for
e !suppl

BREAD AND MEAT,
tor „
followi- oi her Majesty's Land Forces stationed in the
—4ag places, from Ist June to 30th November, :806.

LONDON DISTRICT.
1.
Chelsea Barracks for all the Troo, a in London, the
~,,.le'o.wer excepted.
To
aHounslow and Kneller Hall
;. % :rot' Court.
6. hri
8 gnton, with Coast Forts from Newhaven to Shoreham.
8. andurs.
„ Guernse
.• Jer Y•
10 seY•
• Alderne,
Separate 1"
reach Tenders for Bread and for Meat must be made for
ate the above-mentioned Stations or Barracks, as sepa-
roly grouped and numbered.
tainedra ot Tender and Conditions of Contract may be ob-
Benin, °„11 aPplication at this Office, by letter addressed to the
Of Commissariat Officer, or in person, between the hours
„,.ma and four o'clock.
mil:lidera on the printed form% must be properly filled up
!T the aLd no Tender will be noticed unless delivered
a lindermentioncd Office, under closed envelope (marked
-ender.,
30th 14gt.a' oh the outside), before twelve o'clock noon on the
In
Commissariat Office, 5, New-street, Spring-gardens,
London, S.W., April 10, 1866

NEW NOVEL.
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,

•
HESTER'S SACRIFICE.
By the Author of "St. Olave's," "Janita's Cross," 34c.
rhis work will be real to the very last page with un-
broken interest. It is one of the very best stories we have
had from the author—full of the same power of observation.
refinement, and grace which mark all her books."—Herald.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Just published (Grails),
THE GREAT CRINOLINE QUESTION
M. solved by her Majesty the Empress of the French.
Ladies should at once obtain gratis of their Draper or
Corset Maker, THOMSON'S new Illustration, showing the
veritable "MODE DE LIMPERATRICE."