The Sun.
London, England, 1835-04-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 22, 1835.

know not), that the KING intends to grant an amnesty
to the whole of the accused, as soon as the Chamber
of Deputies shall have concluded its sitting, which it
will do in the course of a few days. Various causes
may be, and doubtless will be, assigned for the tardi-
ness of this act of Royal clemency. The prisoners
themselves, and the leaders of the Republican party,
will be apt to attribute it to a sense of the extreme
danger, if not impossibility, of punishing the
prisoners, and therefore as proceeding more from fear
than from a sense of justice, or a desire to extend
mercy to its most legitimate objects. The KING him-
self will doubtless do all he can to have it believed that
he delayed the amnesty so long, only to prove that he is
not influenced by remonstrances, threats, or fears,
either directly emanating from, or more remotely aris-
ing out of the actual presence of the Representatives
of France. It were better for Louzs PHILIPPE did
he take less care to evince how much his public con-
duct, as a Sovereign, is regulated by his individual
opinions ; and we well know that on the present occa-
sion, he would hazard less by appearing to act in ac-
cordance with the wishes of the Chamber of Deputies.
In an absolute Monarchy it is proper that the Prince
should be considered as the fountain of whatever good
flows from the exercise of supreme power ; but where
the power of the Sovereign is restricted and hedged in
by charters, it is dangerous for kings to take upon
themselves an undivided responsibility in the dis-
charge of any function which might be construed
into an arrest of the arm of Justice. We can-
not be persuaded but that LOUIS PHILIPPE is
too sensible of the danger of endeavouring to
acquire an ephemeral popularity by such a course
to attempt it on a question of such vast importance. For
what would this amount to ? Why simply to a decla-
ration that the past sufferings of the prisoners of April
were neither owing to their guilt, nor a wish on the
part of the State to bring them to trial ; but solely to
a whimsical apprehension on the part of the KING,
that justice, and the remonstrances of the De-
puties of France might be thought to have more
to do with their liberation than individual caprice—
that, in a word, the KING'S great ambition is not to
govern his people by means of established institutions,
but in despite of them.

twenty-five millions of reals to forty. The interest of
all the debt now recognised is to be consolidated, and
the native creditor placed on an equal footing with
foreigners. It is further proposed to restore to the
original owners the confiscated property sold in 1820
and 1823.

Nevertheless our own opinion is—and we are all
but confident that it will be found correct—that the
amnesty will not be proclaimed, unless in the event of
some imminent danger appearing, before the conclusion
of the trials. We are quite confident that a general
amnesty will be granted, but as the KING has pro-
ceeded so far in his onward course, he will
not pause before the prisoners are actually within
his power according to the strictest forms of law.
Whether this cause be a wise one or not must be de-
termined by the event, but as an amnesty is to be
granted, we believe it would be the safer course to issue
it without a moment's delay. If the prisoners are
brought to trial, they will achieve a triumph in the ad-
vocacy of their political principles, and perhaps thereby
sow the seeds of another revolution in France. This
is one of the greatest evils to the present Go-
vernment that could possibly happen, and there
is no means of preventing it, save by dropping the
prosecutions. Another evil—and a very serious one
—must arise from the liberation of those prisoners who
may be acquitted on their trial. These persons will
ever afterwards be looked upon as martyrs to the blood-
thirsty jealousy of the Government, and, despite of
their past habits, will henceforth stand enrolled among
the fiercest denouncers of the Orlean dynasty.

But whatever be the sentiments of Louis PHILIPPE
with respect to the trials, neither the Members of the
Court of Peers, nor the prisoners, can be properly
classed among the inactive " waiters upon Providence."
Already has the President of the Chamber of Peers
issued orders for the attendance of 500 witnesses for
the prosecution, and the prisoners have summoned no
fewer than 800, who are to appear to give evidence in
their defence. The privilege granted by the Chamber
of Peers, allowing the prisoners to choose their own
advocates from among the various practitioners at the
French bar, will also be exercised in its fullest extent.
The prisoners have all pledged themselves to make a
common cause with each other against the apostacy
and oppression of the French Government.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, APRIL 20.
Five per Cents., 107 f. 85c 90c.50c.
Four per Cents., 99f. 25c.
Three per Cents., 82f. 91f. 70c. 85c.
Bank Actions, 1997 f. 50c.
Rente de Naples, 99f. 98f. 70e.
Roman Five per Cents., 103(
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 49% %14.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 31 31%
Royal Spanish Loan, 48,.,
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 48% 4.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 103.
Portuguese Loan, Five per Cent., 08 95.
Haytian Loan, 430 f. 425 f. —c.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f 45e. ; money, —l. —c.
Three months, paper. 25f. 3254 c. ; money, —f.
—Cours Authcntique.
QUARTER TO FOUR O'CLOCR.—.Five per Cents., 107 f. 55c. ;
Three per Cents., 81f. 85c. ; Five per Cents., Spanish,
484; Three per Cents., ditto, 311; Cortes, 494 ; Coupons,
31 ; Guebhards, 481; Differes 221 New Loan, 68* ;
Ducats, 98 75 ; Romans, 1021 ; Belgians, 103 ; Pedros, 98 ;
Miguels, 26/ ; Dutch, —; Haytians, 425 ; Brabant Bank,
20/ pm.

VIENNA, APRIL 11.--Five per Cents. MetaliiqueP, 1023;
Four per Cents., 94 ; Bank Shares, I,32B.—Allgenicne
Zeitung, April 18.

Letters and papers from Lisbon to the 6th inst.,
have been received. The sudden and lamented death
of Prince AUGUSTUS of Portugal, afforded the
Miguelites an opportunity of inflaming the public
mind, of which they availed themselves to the utmost,
but fortunately without producing any very serious
consequences. Several attacks have been made on the
character of the Duke of PALMELLA, who has been
accused in hand-bills, posted up in the most
public parts of the city, of poisoning the PRINCE ;
but he took no notice of them, and so, of course, they
failed in their principal object. Among the other
rumours set afloat by the Carlists was one asserting
that the QUEEN had resolved to abdicate the Crown
in favour of her uncle, and retiring with the ex-
EMPRESS into Germany. It is not to be supposed
that there existed the shadow of a ground for any of
these reports.

It is now certain that measures will be taken for
promoting a marriage between Queen DONNA MARIA
and the younger brother of her late husband. The
match is said to be politically necessary. For our own
part we cannot express how much we abhor the very
idea of such a marriage, more especially when we
consider that the QUEEN'S former husband was the
brother of her father's wife. But before anything can
be done, it is necessary that a dispensation from Rome
be procured, which in all probability will be refused.

Madrid papers to the 12th instant have been
received. General VALDEZ—Whose departure from
Madrid on the 9th, to place himself at the head
of the army in the North, we announced yester-
day—has entrusted the War Department during
his absence from the capital to Field Marshal Don
VALENTIN FERRAS. The Royal decree, declaring
VALDEz Commander-in-Chief of the Army, in the
room of General MINA, was proclaimed in Madrid on
the 7th—just two days previous to his setting out for
Pampeluna. It is reported that VALDEZ has been
vested with almost unlimited powers, so as to be able
on all occasions to exercise a wise discretion without
any apprehension of the consequences. The army at
present in the North exceeds sixty thousand troops.
The Chamber of Procuradores have been engaged
for some time in discussions relative to the internal
debt. The consolidated debt is to 1e increased from

In the North of Spain, no decisive steps have yet
been taken. Lord ELLIOT departed from Bayonne for
Tolosa on the 16th inst., having previously received
a safe conduct from Don CARLOS. The Prince has
promised to meet Lord ELLIOT at Lecumberri, to dis-
cuss the proposals contained in the despatches from
the British Government.

Advices from Athens to the 19th of March, have
been received. The Greeks are by no means recon-
ciled with the conduct of the Regency ; nor will they
ever be satisfied unless the Government adopt the
system of promoting the native inhabitants to those
places of trust and profit which are now in almost every
instance bestowed on Bavarian adventurers. The only
hope the people have is centered in the KING, who
is represented as ardently devoted to whatever
promises to promote the welfare and happiness of his
`subjects. No acts of outrage have recently taken
place, and, notwithstanding the sullen discontent of the
people, the country is rapidly advancing in civilization.

EMIGRATION.

We have just received a copy of the Returns made to
Parliament relative to the progress of Emigration during
the last few years. These documents contain some very
interesting details, from which we have drawn up the
following summary.
Mr. A. C. Buchanan, Chief British Agent for the
Canadas, states in a communication, dated December 12,
1834, that the Emigrants, who arrived in Canada last year,
were generally of a superior class, both as to respectability
and property, to those of former years, and that the capital
they brought with them amounted to more than one million
sterling. Several experienced agriculturists brought also
with them superior breeds of horses and cattle, Mr. Farmer,
since settled at Bytown, having, alone, brought 50 head of
fine cattle. The emigrant labourers sent over by the Earl
of Egremont, Lord Suffield, and other landed proprietors,
or by parishes, have been satisfactorily disposed of, and
readily found employment. Upon the whole, the situation
of the emigrant population last year, would have been un-
' exceptionable, but for the re-appearance of Cholera. There
was, nevertheless, much less distress and sickness than
could have been expected. Comparatively few emigrants
were dependent on immediate employment on arrival
at Quebec, and, from the number of public works
going on, they were easily provided with certain and
permanent employment. The increasing influx of capital
and of men of intelligence and enterprise into Ca-
nada, causes a commensurate demand for labourers,
especially in the Upper Province ; and it is expected that
the exertions of the New Canada Company, and the ar-
rangements now in progress, will give a great stimulus to
settlement in Lower Canada, particularly in the Eastern
Townships, where the completion of the new Inverness
Road, and great improvements in the water communication,
have taken place. The facilities of conveyance have been
much improved by the increase in the number of steam-
boats, especially to Upper Canada, by the Rideau Canal.
There were, last year, much fewer complaints by passen-
gers, against the Captains and agents of vessels, which
is attributed (and we have no doubt very correctly) to the
appointment of Emigrant Agents at the chief ports in
Great Britain and Ireland. These complaints, it is ex-
pected, will entirely cease when the new Passenger Act
(brought in Mr. Baring, and of which we gave an abstract
a short time ago) shall have come into operation. In con-
sequence of the number of shipwrecks near the St. Law-
rence, and of the delays and obstacles met with by that
route, many more emigrants had come to Canada by way
of New York than in former seasons. The present system
of quarantine at Grosse Island is censured by Mr. Buchanan,
who recommends that after inspection by the medical officers,
the healthy portion of the passengers should not be detained.
The great number of shipwrecks which occurred last sea-
son, Mr. Buchanan ascribes chiefly to the immoderate use
of ardent spirits, and he recommends the abolition of it,
and also the erection of lighthouses in the Gulph of St.
Lawrence.

The total number of emigrants who arrived at Quebec
and Montreal last year, was 30,935 ; of whom 29,041
emigrated by means of their own resources, and 1,892 by
means of parochial aid ; 6,799 were from England, 19,206
from Ireland, and 4,591 from Scotland. In 1830, the total
number of emigrants who arrived at those ports was
28,000 ; in 1831 it was 50,254 ; in 1832 it was 51,746 ;
and in 1833 it was 21,752. The number of emigrants who
arrived at Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, &e., last year, was
339 ; in 1833, 359 ; in 1832, 561 ; and in 1830, 424.
Of the emigrants who arrived at Quebec and Montreal in
1834, 4,090 settled in Lower Canada, 22,210 in the Up-
per Province, 800 died of cholera, 350 returned to Europe,
and 3,485 proceeded to the United States. The emigrants
from the United Kingdom who arrived at New York
amounted, in 1830, to 21,433 ; in 1831, to 22,607 ; in
1832, to 28,283 ; in 1833, to 16,000 ; and in 1834, to
26,540. Seventeen vessels containing emigrants, and bound
to Quebec, were wrecked last year, and 731 lives were
lost ! We trust that a repetition of such lamentable oc-
currences will be prevented by the Bill lately brought in by
Mr. Baring, and already alluded to, which we hope the
new Ministry will adopt.
The next Return relates to emigration to the Australian
colonies, and contains extracts from the despatch sent by
the Earl of Aberdeen to the Governors of New South
Wales and Van Diemen's Land, and the correspondence
between his Lordship and the Emigration Committee in
London, respecting sending out young women from this

country to those colonies. From these documents it ap-
pears that 505 persons emigrated last year, under the
auspices of the Committee, to Van Diemen's Land, and
356 to New South Wales ; of whom 618 were- young
women, to whom the Government bounty of 121. each was
allowed towards their passage ; the rest paid their own pas-
sage, being either married females, or above 30, female chil-
dren under 15, male children, or the husbands of the female
passengers. Besides those vessels, alarge ship was despatched
by the Committee in October last, under the direction of
the Irish Government, from Dublin and Cork to Australia,
with a full number of emigrants. The Committee describe
the means they have adopted to select young females of
character and respectability, to whom the Government
bounty shall be granted ; and they regret that the state-
' ments published last year respecting the treatment of
those young women on their passage, and on arriving
at the colony, should, for a time, have prejudiced such
females against that mode of emigrating, which prevented
the Committee from obtaining the full number of pas-
sengers for the last vessel. That prejudice had, however,
now ceased, and many females who had refused to emigrate
in that 'i4ssel, are to embark in the next. Counter state-
ments, showing that most of those complaints were un-
founded, have been published by the Committee, and
measures have been taken to prevent a recurrence of those
for which there were found to be any real grounds. To
encourage the emigration of respectable young women to
Australia, the Committee suggested to the Government
that a free passage should be granted to all such
females between the ages of fifteen and thirty ; that
a house should be provided for their reception on arriving
at the colony, until they could be properly disposed of ; that
an emigration agent should be appointed to procure them
situations, to keep a register of persons wanting servants, to
ascertain the demand in the colony for various descriptions
of labour, and to furnish general information to the emigrant ;
and that the number of passengers in each vessel should be
diminished. In answer to these suggestions, the Govern-
ment consented that a free passage should be granted to the
females above described ; that the number of passengers in
each vessel should be reduced from 250 to 200, and that
five ships should be sent out during the present year, four
from London, and one from Ireland and Scotland. The
sum to be given by Government for such free passage is 171.,
of which 9/. will be paid on quitting this country, and the
remaining 8/. on arrival at the colony.
The number of persons who emigrated during 1833 to
Van Diemen's Land was 2,345, of whom 782 received as-
sistance for that purpose from Government. A list is given
of the prices of provisions during last spring in that colony,
but as they have since doubled in price from the number of
emigrants who had arrived, and the prevalence of drought, it
is useless to quote from it. In the month of September
last, grain, potatoes, butter, and forage, were at about three
times the present price of those commodities in England,
and meat at about the double. The wages of labourers at
Van Diemen's Land were, last year, 2s. 10d. per day with
board and lodging ; those of tailors 3s. 9d. ; bricklayers,
ss. 6d. ; blacksmiths, ss. 2d. ; carpenters, 55., or 6s. 6d.,
without board ; millwrights, Bs. per day ; saddlers, ss. 6d. ;
shoemakers, 4s. 3d. ; and wheelwrights, 7s. ; all without
board ; the annual wages, with board and lodging, of farm-
servants, were 35/., of shepherds, 25/., of gardeners, 40/.,
Of women-cooks, 181., and of dairy-women, 30/.
The number of emigrants to the Australian colonies in
1833 was 4,093, and in 1834, 2,800 ; to the Cape of Good
Hope in 1833 it was 517, and last year, 288. The total
emigration from the United Kingdom amounted in 1833 to
62,527 persons, and in 1834 to 76,222.
We have also before us a Return of the Crown liands
and Clergy Reserves in Canada, which have been sold and
granted for some years past. The sales of Crown Lands
in Lower Canada amounted, in 1830 to 28,077 acres,
and the average price was ss. 9d. ; in 1831, to 51,357
acres, at 6s. 2d. ; in 1832, to 204,047 acres, at 6s. 9d. ;
and in 1833, to 42,570 acres at 4s. 2d. The num-
ber of acres granted in that Province (to military