The Sun.
London, England, 1832-06-13 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS.

GENT OF FRANCE.

" Vendeans, Bretons, all the inhabitants of the faithful
western provinces !—Having landed in the south, I have
not feared to traverse France, through the greatest dangers,
t.i fulfil a sacred promise, and share the perils and fatigues
of my brave friends.
"lam at last among this heroic people ! Open to the
prosperity of France, I put myself at your head with men
like you victory is certain. Henry V. calls upon you ;
his mother, the Regent of France, devotes herself to your
happiness ; one day Henry V. will be your companion in
arms, should the enemy threaten our faithful country.
" Let us repeat our former and present watchword--
6 Long live the King ! Long live Henry V. !'
,‘ (Printed at the Royal printing-office of Henry V. )"

PARIS, SUNDAY, ONE, P.M.

The whole population of Paris are at this momenr
on the Boulevards, where they are gone to witness
he general review of the National Guards by the
King. I went over a great part of the Boulevards
this morning, and every where good humour and
cheerfulness seemed to prevail. The National
Guards themselves present the most imposing mili-
tary force that was ever seen. All being dressed in
their best clothes, each private might be mistaken
for an officer of the line, were it not for the crimson
worsted epaulettes which distinguish the corps.
From the l3arriere de l'Etoile (at the top of the
Champs Eiysees), to the Place de la Bastille, there
is an uninterrupted mass of National Guards, occu-
pying the causeway, while the footpaths, and the
windows of the houses which line them, are thickly
crowded with spectators of both sexes. The King
was to leave the Tuileries at ten o'clock, for the Bar-
riere de l'Etoile, from whence he was to commence
the inspection, and, proceeding at a slow pace, go
up as far as the Place de la Bastille. I regret that
the early hour at which I am obliged to send off my
letter (on account of its being Sunday) prevents me
from giving in it an account of the manner in which
the King had been received, and the particulars of
the review. I should,above all, have wished to ascer-
tain whether the protests against the system adopted
by Government, which I mentioned yesterday as be-
ing in the course of signature among several of the
legions, will have been presented to-day to the
King. It appears that a counter-address was pre-
pared yesterday by some officers of the National
Guards, professing opposite sentiment?, in which
the King is requested to put down the Press
altogether, as being the cause of all the civil commo-
tions which occur in France. This address has cer-
►ainly received many signatures, and I do not
wonder at it, as all the shopkeepers of Paris are
members of the National Guard, and their love of
peace is well known. To them the slightest poli-
tical disturbance is prejudicial ; no buying and
selling can go on when their shops are obliged to be
shut. A very great number among them, however,
profess liberal opinions, and are inimical to arbitrary
rule.

A case respecting the legality of the ordinance
which has placed us under martial law, has been
submitted to the Parisian burreau, for their opinion.
Forty.five of the oldest and most eminent advocates
have declared it to be illegal on an infinity of
grounds. Two articles of the Charter are particu-
lady referred to, as placing the point in the clearest
light—viz, the 14th and 53d. The former, in the
old charter, was worded thus :—" The King is the
supreme chief of the state; he commands the forces
by land and by water ; makes treaties of peace, al-
liance, and commerce; appoints to all the offices
of public administration, and makes the neces-
sary regulations and ordinances for the execu-
tion of the laws, and the safety of the state."
The last sentence in italics, which formed the
grounds of the celebrated ordinances of the 25th
July, 1830, was expunged from the 14th article
after the revolution, and the following words
were substituted :—" Without having the power,"
the King, that is, " ever to suspend those
laws, or prevent their execution." The 53d article
of the new charter positively forbids, that on any
consideration whatever, or for whatever cause, any
citizen should be deprived of the right of being
judged by his peers. Now, no one will deny that
the military officers composing the military commis-
sions are not precisely the peers of the individuals
on whose doom they are speedily to pronounce, nor
of the editors of newspapers, whom they are anxious
to have before them. The wisdom of the 53d ar-
ticle is apparent enough on the present occasion,
even without any case being necessary to prove it ;
for, what are the prisoners to expect from judges
who are, perhaps, the very individuals against whom
they fought the other day, and, at all events, be-
long to a class who have not forgotten or forgiven
the disgrace of defeat in 1830, and who, it is well
known, now exult in the opportunity of retaliation ?
But to the victorious Government, all these con-
siderations, and fifty others, partly affecting its own
future safety, are nothing in this moment of triumph.
The whole army, the National Guards, a great por-
tion of whom are really friends to order, are its sup-
porters; and Ministers think they will easily manage
the majority of the Chambers, which has hitherto
been devoted to them, at a time when all that has
occurred is nearly forgotten. Minister,, on that
account, intend to be in no hurry to convoke the
Chambers. After a full enjoyment of their dictator-
ship, and when they have in some degree succeeded
in restoring order by the terror of the sword, they
will consult, at their ease, on the mock expediency
of calling together the representatives of the people.
How deplorable and extraordinary is the condi-
tion in which the country is now placed After
having fought forty years for liberty and fixed laws,
it is just as far from having attained them as at the
first moment when the conflict began. You will ob-
serve, among the Turkish arguments with which the
Government papers abound, intended to vindicate
the powers usurped by the Government, that not a
single allusion is made to the Charter. None but
Napoleon's decrees, and the laws of some of the
worst periods of the first revolution, are brought for-
ward in justification,—authorities truly worthy of
the times.

It i; now pretty well ascertained that the number
of military and National Guards of the banlieue who
were killed during the actions of Tuesday acid Wed-
nesday, amounts to 2,000; that of the people is
little more than 1,000. This difference against the
former is owing to their having been obliged to tight
in the open stroet3, while the others filed mostly
from behind barricades and walls, and from the win-
dows of houses.

I see by an account given by a London Evening
Paper of Thursday, that' the Bank of France was
supposed to have been one of the first places at-
tacked on Tuesday evening. This was a mistake
which I can easily account for, as 1 witnessed the
storming by the populace of the guard-house which
adjoins the Bank; but the only object of the assailants
was to possess themselves of the arms and ammuni-
tion of the soldiers occupying that post, and having
succeeded in doing so, they sallied out, and pro-
ceeded immediately to the open fields of action.
The Sergens de Ville, or police-officers, are no
longer seen in the streets in their costume, and with
swords b) their side. Whether this is done for the
purpose of allaying the hatred which is felt by the
people against every thing that reminds them of the
police or because the police is now done by soldiers,
has not been yet ascertained.
We have no further news to-day from the west ;
but it appears that, however general
.the rising in
La Vendee and Les deux Sevres, it is not likely
to lead to any important results. An army of
100,000 ought, by this time, to be scattered through
the disturbed districts, unless any portion of it has
been ordered to proceed hither in consequence of
recent events.
P.S. Since writing the above, I have seen a per-
son who has witnessed a great part of the review
and who says that the King every where met with
a cordial reception.
Rims, SUNDAY AFTERNOON.—From the joyous
aspect of the town to-day, it is difficult to believe
that this is the same Paris which, so late as Wed-
nesday last, exhibited such scenes of consternation
and bloodshed. Being the festival of Pentecost,
the entire population are decked out in their holy-
day dresses to witness the magnificent review which
Government has prepared for them as a solace for

their recent suffering;. As early as seven o'clock,
the troops began to take up the positions assigned
to them in the Avenue de Neuilly, beginning at the
Ilartiere de l'Etoile, and stretching in one continued
hne through the Place de la Revolution, the Rue
Royale, and along the Bott!evard3 to the Bariere de
Truce, at the oppoite extremity of Paris._
_For the

exhibition of a great popular spectacle there is not,
perhaps, another capital in the world which affordr
ro fine a field on which to display it, so many will-
ing and well-drilled performers, or such a mass of
spectators disposed to give up their whole hearts
srid minds to its enjoyment.
The King made his appearance on the ground re
half-past ten o'clock. As lie passed up the rue de
la Paix, with Marshal Soult on his right, and Mar-
shal Lobau on his left, attended by his personal
staff, but without any escort, there was scarcely any
one to see him, so little was he expected in that
direction. If there is a striking contrast in the
general aspect of the town between this day and
Wednesday last, the change is still more remark-
able in the expression of countenance and in the
out ward bearing of King Louis-Philippe. As he sat
on his horse on Wednesday, every joint of his body,
and every muscle of his face, seemed to be painfully
agitated; he was constantly rising in his stirrups,
taking off his cap, and turtling from side to side to
acknowledge the salutations he met with as he
passed along. To-day his features are calm and
placid, his mind is evidently at ease, and as he oc-
cupies his saddle lie seems at least two inches less
in height than he did on Wednesday, when pro-
ceeding towards the scene of strife in the faubourg
St. Antoine. His reception by the people as he
left the rue de la Paix, to proceed along the Boule-
vards, s% as not so boisterous as I have observed on
some former occasions, but the cries of " Vive le
Roi," the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, and
other demonstrations of loyalty and affection, were
certainly much more general, and, to all outward
appearance, more cordial and sincere, than any thing
which has been exhibited in the streets of Paris
since the first days of the revolution. In the first
instance, his Majesty proceeded in the direction of
the Champs Elysees; but from the great extent of
the line he has to traverse, and the extreme de-
liberation with which he proceeds, it will evidently
be late in the day, arid probably long after the post
hour, before the review is completed. It was the
King's intention, us appears by a letter addressed
by him to Marshal Lobau, arid published in this
day's Mouiteur, to have made a distribution of
crosses and decorations of die Legion of Honour, in
the course of the review, to such of the troops
and of the National Guards as had most distin-
guished themselves during our two days of civil
war. The difficulty, however, of verifying the
necessary facts within the short interval which has
since elapsed, has induced the King to defer this
part of the ceremony till the 29th of July, when
another great review will take place to celebrate
the second anniversary of the revolution of 1830.
The doctrines of M. Persil, the Procureur-Gene-
rid, on the subject of the declaration of martial law,
and the placing the city of Paris in a state of
siege, have led, as was to be expected, to a great
deal of animated controversy. It is, perhaps, pre-
sumptuous in a foreigner to express any opinion on
the construction of laws as to which the juriscon-
sults of the country are so decidedly at variance,
but, taking the plain common sense interpretation
of the 53d and 54th articles of the charter of 1830,
it is difficult to see how M. Persil and the Cour
Royale could he justified in throwing them over-
board so unceremoniously as they have done, for the
purpose of reviving the rescinded decrees of a great
military legislator. The sophistry of M. Persil's
reasoning appears to me to be ably exposed in the
opinions expressed by the bar of Paris on the sub-
ject. The most important consequence of the de-
claration of a state of siege is, undoubtedly, that
which suspends the trial by jury—a power which is
evidently most expressly interdicted by the charter.
But the retro-active effect of this suspension is, if
possible, still more unjust and more unconstitutional,
and is miserably defended by the legal fallacy, that
the substitution of a military commission for a jury
indifferently chosen, and for judges appointed ad
ant culpain, is a matter of form, and not of
essence, and that the ordinance by which a city is
placed in a state of siege is a mere administrative re-
cognition of a fact which previously existed, and
which of itself had justified the suspension of the
civil privileges guaranteed by the charter, L.

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