The Sun.
London, England, 1835-12-03 00:00:00

so common that hardly a day passes in which we do

FAIT Tr.

The Moniteur of Tuesday, received this morning,
together with the other Paris journals of the same
date, contains two Royal Ordinances, dated the 28th
ult. The first appoints Rear-Admiral Baron de
MAcK Au Governor-General of Martinique, in the
room of Rear-Admiral HALGAN, who has addressed
the Government praying to he recalled. By the 'Se-
cond Ordinance, the newly-appointed Governor of
Martinique, Rear-Admiral de MACKAU, is appointed
AO the command of the French Squadron of Observa-
tion, which is to assemble in the West Indies ; to as-
sume the command-in-chief of all French vessels now
in the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico ; and in
quality of Governor, to place himself as Commander-
in-Chief at the head of all troops in the colonies of
Martinique, Guadaloupe, and their dependencies.
Great naval preparations are being made in all the
maritime towns on the coast of France ; and if ru-
mours prevalent in Paris may be credited, the French
Government has other objects in view besides
.the apprehension of a war with the United
States. Russia is also making immense naval
preparations in the Black Sea. Two thousand
workmen have been hitherto employed in her arsenals,
near Odessa ; but this number has been greatly in-
, creased within the last two months, though every
pains is taken to prevent strangers from becoming ac-
quainted with what is going forward. A great pro-
portion of the workmen are either foreigners or from
the interior of the empire ; and the arsenals are en-
compassed with high walls, or palings, so as to pre-
vent the people on the outside from knowing what is
being done within. For the last twelve months
Russia has not suffered a day to pass without
doing something in the way of preparation for
a warlike expedition against a maritime power.
Her whole attention has been given to her fleet ;
the • most careful selection has been made in the
army of the troops intended to man it ; and sailors
have been sought among the most expert fishermen
and smugglers on the coast of Greece. It is rumoured
that Russia meditates a movement in the Mediterra-
nean ; but we think very differently. What Russia
seeks is possession of the Dardanelles ; and the re-
ports which her agents are commanded to circulate, re-
specting her advances in other directions, are merely
intended to mislead the Governments of England and

France.
With respect to the war between France and the
United States, there is no unanimity of opinion. 111.
BOIS LE ComTE, just 'returned from a mission to
MEuEmET ALI, has received orders to proceed to
\Washington on a secret errand from the Foreign Mini-
ster to President JAcKsox. He will also be charged
with instructions from King Louis PHILLIPPE to the
Government of the Union. There can he no doubt
of the object of such a mission. A war with the
United States is not desirable, now that the country
is manifestly on the eve of a war with Russia. The
French Government has not forgotten the demand
made by NICHOLAS, for the payment of the Polish
debt ; and there are Members of the. Cabinet of Paris,
who have not hesitated to declare that France would
place her creditor in a condition to receive it, without
having recourse to Imperial agency. Wc ourselves
• deprecate the idea of wars between free Governments.
If the 'sword must be drawn, let the assailed be the
destroyer of the independence of Poland.
The anniversary of the Polish Revolution (30th
November) was • celebrated with extraordinary enthu-
,o;:t
oiA,lo,p), in Paris. The assembly included every Pole
of any note in France ; and the number of guests ex-
lat'•''reedectSix hundred persons, among Aom were sevaral
highl?'distinguished Frenchmen. According to the
report of the proceedings, which is given in Galig-
nani's Messenger, " The venerable M. de LAS-
TEYItIE was called to the Chair, as being himself one
of the warmest supporters of the cause of Poland, and

as bein ho friend and rotation of the late G:l,-ial LA -
-FT-1 M. (-L! LA t.;TEYR i E w 53 suppoited on the
right by General OsTROWSNI, and .on the left by the
ex-Minister of Justice of Warsaw. Speeches, which
were warmly applanded,,were delivered by the CHAIR-
MAN, General OSTROWSKI, M. NEPOMUCENE LE-
/%1 ERCI ER,' die ex-Minister of Justice of Poland, Ge-
neral Rom,Al; 6 or.T v 1,:, M. SA a I'Li. as, formerly S•;:,-
ftelary to General 14.A.Y.A YET TB, and several.other gen-
tlemen. They ad dwelt pathetically upon the misfortunes
and oppressions of Poland, inveighed agauo the treat-
ment exercised towards that country,'exhorted the exiles
to union, and predicted for them brighter and happier
days." M. LEM ERCIER gave as a toast," The union of
all civilized nations against the Muscovite Barbarian I"
which was loudly and enthusiastically cheered. What
created the most surprise was the indifference of
the Government to the celebration of the anniversary of
the Polish Revolution this year, as compared with the
years 1833 and 1834. Then the French Government all
but stipulated with the assembly that no language offen-
sive to Russia should be spoken, and the spies of the
Minister of the Interior lined the stairs, and even mixed
familiarly with the guests. This year nothing of the sort
occurred. The Government gave no instructions to its
agents ; expressed no jealousy of an undue liberty of
speech on the part of the friends of Poland ; and rather
sanctioned the attacks made on Russia than sought to
disclaim them. The only part which the Government
tookin.the affair, when permitting the anniversary to
be Held, was to request that care would he taken to
preserve order and decorum-a mere form which
could not be dispensed with on any such occasion. •
It is stated in one of the Journals that the question
of Spanish intervention is again under the considera-
tion of the French Cabinet. We doubt the truth of
this rumour ; although the events of every day prove
that intervention would be the real interest of France.
This M. TIIIERS declared from the first ; but the
KING refused to sanction such a proceeding. As for
Don CARLOS, he continues to receive strong assurances
of the support of the Holy Alliance, provided lie suc-
ceed in capturing any of the provincial capitals, so as
to establish a permanent seat of Government: These
promises will never be realized, unless a war breaks out
between Russia and France. The Sardinian fleet is
destined to convey arms, money, and provisions, to the
Usurper. A descent on the coast of Catalonia is
dreaded by the friends of the Constitutional Government.
PARIS, Nov. 30.-A letter from Milan says :-
" It is affirmed that the Emperor Ferdinand will shortly
come to Milan to assume the iron Crown, after which he will
go to Venice, and the other principal cities of the kingdom of
Lombardy and Venice. The King and Queen of the Belgi-
ans will leave Paris at seven o'clock this evening."
We learn from Madrid that General Alava had nearly re-
covered from a dangerous illness, and that it was hoped that
be would soon set out for Paris, as Charge d'Affaires.
The Armoricain, of the 26th, speaking of the armaments at
Bresordert, says :-" To.day we have only reports to the effect
that orders have been received to equip the Venus, Bermoine,
•
and Juno.
" Everybody is making his arrangements for embarking, but
no orders have yet come. What are we to think oetlis ?
Probably that nothing is yet decided as to what France will
do; for after all time is required to get ready for sea, and to
he prepared to combat with some chance of success. We do
not think that the crisis is yet very serious ; if it
were, we should be astonished not to , remark much
more activity in the port of Brest than in ordinary
times. It is said that a Ministerial despatch directs that
only chosen men shall be embarked in the vessels which are to
be fitted out."
DEcEmsEn 1.-There has been some bustle to-day in the
Ministerial departments and the legations. M. Humann has
had a conference of near two hours with M. Thiers, who af-
terwards went to the Palace. Meantime, M. de Broglie had
a visit from Lord Granville ; and Baron de Werther, the Prus-
sian z!mbassador, had a conference with M. de Pahlen, at the
hotel of i.`2e Prussian Legation.-Messager, Dec 2.
IrIR.EI4CII FUNTA-Pitiox. DECIIMEEft 1.
' %..
riti B.Yif. '2oc. .:-.'sc. loe.
- Five per . ..„ wr "'? :.
Four per Ce.. :iki. I,c, 50„ 67,. 50,.
Three per Cents., -..
National Loan, Rib,.
Bank Actions. 2,130 f. •,-,,, iric
ltente de Naples, Mt: ilf?c. I. "., „'
Roman Five per Cents., 1011,E 5s,4
Route d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 41/4
Royal Spanish Loan, 35.
IteratePerpet. d'E spagne, Five per Cents., Xi
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents., 10114.
Portuguese 'rhree per Cents. 5574.
flay tam Loan, 375 f
BXCIIANGIt o^l LoNno.t.
o.,emonth, paper, `25, 57,c. ; month; -o stle
Three months, paper, '2sf. 40e.; money, 25f. 35c
- co, rr ,i uthewigr!e.
BOURSE THREE O'CLOCK.-The panic has gone down a
little to-day, and the 3 per Cents. were this morning at 80f.
25c. to 30c.; but on 'Change they were afterwards done at
80f.,50c., and got up to 80f. 60c. for the liquidation, and
80f. 80c. to 85c. for the end of this month. Spanish stock is
also better ; the Active has been done at 45k. It is said that
there is news from Madrid of the 24th ult., and that the secu-
rities had improved. This is settling-day here; it is passing
over very smoothly.
To make up last prices. Three. per Cents., sof. 40e. ;
Five per Cents., 108 f. 10e. ; Ducats, 99 45.
QUARTER TO Foosi.-Five per Cents., 108 E 40c.; Three
per Cents., 80f. 65c. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, -;
Three
per Cents. Spanish, -; Cortes, -; Coupons, 22/ ; Gila.).
bards, --; Differes, lil ; New Loan, - •,_ Actives, 45i ;
Passives, 13:}; Ducats, 90 45; Romans. 101-; Pedros, -;
Belgians, 1014-; Dutch, -f. -c. ; Haytians, 375 f. --c. ;
Migucls, 20f ; Brabant Bank, -• Belgian Bank, 12} ; Con-
Inuation, --c. ; New Differes, 24.
____

Papers from Madrid to the 24th ult.—a day later
than those received yesterday—have reached Paris.
They state that the answer to the Address from the
Throne was then ready, and that it was as liberal as
the supporters of M. MENDIZABAL could desire.
The news of the change of the Lisbon Cabinet had not
caused and• uneasiness or distrust in- the Spanish
capital. The Madrid Gazette, in its official part,
says—" We are authorised to contradict the false and
calumnious reports, the object of which is to raise
doubts as to the intentions of the English Cabinet with
regard to the co-operation it affords to Queer; IsA-
BELLA's sacred cause. The policy of the British
Government is not, and has never been, founded upon
narrow and temporary interests, but upon notions ge-
nerous, noble, and of the highest order."
The Abeja of the same date contains the following

important announcement :
• " General Cordova Ite—cbmpletely defeated the rebels
headed by the Pretender. He has captured their baggage
and equipages, along with 100 prisoners. Our triumphant
army has entered Estella.
" General Cordova has just addressed to the War Minister
a detailed report upon an action which her Majesty's troops
have fought with the factious at Montejuria on the 16th of
November. In this affair the Carlists have lost from 600 to
700 men. The success of the Constitutional army is the more
praiseworthy because the' enemy occupied strong positions.
After this glorious achievement General Cordova established
his head-quarters at Lerin. He has addressed to his army an
Order of the Day, of which the following are passages :
" ' Never shall I forget the admirable order and ardour
with which. after ten hours of fatigue, you have defied the
insolence Of those mountain soldiers, ,vlio can fight only in
defiles.
" You have given them a lesson of prudence which, un-
fortunately, they, for their own sakes, forget but too seldom.
Bilboa delivered from the threat of the rebels, the expedition
to Arragon opprobiously returning to its dens, the new Gene-
ral of the rebels attacked at all points, 600 men killed, wound-
ed, or prisoner:—such are the achievements of fifteen battalions
in thirty-six hours. Let the misled population compare the
security which the rebels promise them, with the recollection
of the presence of our arms at Ochandiana, Durango, Salva-
tierra, and Estella, within the two last weets.'"

The humane and benevolent—happily a numerous
and influential class in England—will find in another
part of The Sun an advertisement, entitled " She-
riffs' Fund," to which we call their particular atten-
tion. Human life, in all its most complicated scenes
of misery, presents' o object more worthy of the soli-
citude of the really charitable, than that of a-fellow-crea-
ture cast naked and destitute upon the world, stamped
with the moral degradation of recent imprisonment. The
individual may have been innocent, or the crime may
have been provoked by the most dreadful privations ;
but the effect is the same as if he were voluntarily cri-
minal. The barn of society is upon bhn, and turn
which way soever he-will, he meets every heart steeled,
every door closed against him. He cannot subsist
Without bread; and finding no hopes of relief from
labour, he revenges what he believes to be the
Wrongs done him by society, by committing every
crime of which it suspects him. This is

not hear of released criminals committing, fresh crimes,

f6r the express purpose of being sent back to prison.
Our modern philanthropists talk -about prison-diet,
and cant about the necessity of less food and a room
strict discipline. Did these pseudo philosophers un-
derstand human nature a little better than they do—
were they capable of observing the necessary operation of
theinstitutions which bind society together—they would
not fail to observe.that for a criminal, not altogether
dead to the consequences of crime, there is at present
no home—no resting-place—no temporary shelter but
a prison. There can be no punishment devised so se-
vere, as that of being obliged to live in the world an
object of universal distrust and aversion ; and when to
this hunger and nakedness are added, lc dungeon must
seem a paradise. In the gaol a hiding-place is found
from the sneers, the scorn, and the bate of the mul-
titude—the real cause of the desperation which
accompanies the early criminality of women. Bul
the case would be very different were any pro.
vision made for assisting those unfortmate iudi
viduals, who, after suffering the first punishment for
their offences, were about to be flung forth on society,
without a prospect of being able to subsist without a
continuance in evil courses.
The " Sheriffs' Fund" is a charity which will immor-
talize. its founder. The principle upon which it is
based is truly Christian. Those who administer it
have indeed an arduous and important duty to per-.
form ; but by, performing it well, they will do more
to improve public morality than one-half of the cha-
ritable Societies in England. The more secretly they
work the better ; for they will demoralize, instead of
reform, if they have recourse to badges of any de-
scription, or unnecessarily expose the objects of their
bounty. We recommend this charity to the support
of the people of England.

We have some reason to believe that the late RA.•
PIIAEL and BURDETT affairs were expressly brought
forward, through the agency of one of the most expe-
rienced political intriguers of the day, Mr. JOHN
WILSON CROKER, for the purpose of giving an im-
petus to a grand Tory plot, which has been concocting
for some months past, for the overthrow of the present
Administration. We have even heard it asserted
that the substance of Mr. RAPHAEL'S attack on
O'CONNELL was supplied by the Ex-Secretary to
.the Admiralty ; and that Sir FRANCIS BURDETT
was also furnished with epistolary ideas by the same

dexterous gentleman. Viewed in this light, which we
strongly suspect is the true one, what a miserable
piece of business the whole affair becomes I How
utterly unworthy the character of all the parties en-
gaged in it I Yet the plot was not devoid of ingenuity.
Many well-meaning, but soft-headed people, might have
been gulled by the clamour about the outraged decencies
of social life, which Sir F. BL'RDETT raised with such
amazing dignity in his letter ; and all so gulled, would
of course have taken up the Tory view of the ques-
tion, and reprobated Ministers for not at once repu-
diating the support—no matter bow disinterested it
might be—of a man found guilty of hopeless vulgarity
by such an able lecturer on the gentilities as the Hon.
Baronet. The first blow having been struck by RA-
PHAEL, it was expected that the last by Sir FRANCIS
would have settled the matter, and disgusted all mo-
derate men equally with Ministers and O'CONNELL.
Now, however, that the affair is coming out in its true
colours, it wears quite a different aspect, and can de-
ceive no one whose good sense is worth relying on.

A General Meeting of the Proprietors of the Un
versity of London tookplace yesterday, for the purpose
of taking into consideration the questions of the grant
and tenor of a Charter to the University, with reference
to a late address of the House of Commons ; and the
intimations since given by Ministers of their intentions
towards the Institution. Lord BROUGHAM took the
Chair, and strongly advised acquiescence in the plans
of Government ; though, at the same time, he expressed
his objections on those parts of their plan which pro-
posed the substitution of the word " College" for
" University ;" and that the degrees to be granted
should not " bear the same name, nor be designated by
the same letters, as those granted by the old Universi-
ties." We are not at all surprised at his Lordship's
objections on these two points ; for they are a sop to
Cerberus, to which Cerberus has no right. Why should
the prejudices of Oxford and Cambridge be propitiated
at the expense of the London University ? What
claim have they to such indulgent and deferential con-
sideration ? Oxford, in particular, has always been
opposed,. tooth and nail, to everything that had even
the semblance of liberality to recommend it ; yet it is
now sought to soothe her irritated pride, by drawing a
broad line of distinction between the degrees granted
by her, and those by the London University ? To be
sure, the distinction is no more than verbal, consisting
merely of a difference in the collocation of the letters
designating the degree ; nevertheless it is still a broadly
marked one, and quite sufficient to warrant the old
Universities in keeping up a most authoritative and
offensive air of superiority over their less richly endowed
rival. Though there be but the difference of a letter
between them, yet sure we are that the " 8.A." of
Oxford will make a point of looking down on the
" A. B." of the London University, upon something
of the same aristocratic principle that the " Pen-
sioners" of old used to look down on the " Sizers" of
Cambridge. If Ministers ate disposed to favour the
London University, we see no reason why they should
not so favour it, as to place it on terms of equality
with Oxford and Cambridge. The Meeting, with one
or two exceptions, appeared to be- precisely of this
way of thinking, but waived all objections for the
)resent, in Order that they might not prematurely em-
)arass an enlightened, well-intentioned Government.

-----
The blue ribbon, vacant by the Duke of Beaufort's
death, is the sixth since the accession of his present Majesty ;
the following Knights of the Order having died during that
period :—The Duke of Sutherland, Earl Spencer, the Earl
of Hardwicke, Earl Bathurst, and the Earl of Chatham.
The Order consisting of the Sovereign and twenty-five
Knights, exclusive of the Princes of the Blood Royal, no,
vacancy was occasioned by the demise of his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Gloucester.
Lord Yarborough has recovered sufficiently from the
effects of the accident he met with on board the Falcon,
to:leave Appuldercombe Park for Brocklesbury Hall. It
appears that the Falcon, on her homesVard-bound voyage
from the Azores, encountered a violent gale of wind, and
his Lordship, while on deck, stumbled over a cask and
bruised his ancle, but he declined at tho time any medical
aid, and three or four days afterwards the limb swelled, and
for nine- weeks he was confined to his chamber at Appul-

dercombe.
REPRESENTATION OF UOCKERMOUTII.—The
a►m')uncement on the part of Mr. Dykes, of his intention to
retire from the representation of the Borough of Cocker-
mouth, was made a few days ago. Though sudden, we
believelt was not altogether unexpected by those who were
acquainted with that gentleman's sentiinents. His health
has long been not so ►obust as could be wished, and the late
hours and confinement of the House of Commons, were
by no means calculated to strengthen it. On Wednesday,
Mr. Dykes took his leave. As soon as his determination
was generally known, the electors of Cockermouth naturally
looked out for a successor to the honourable gentleman ; and,
accordingly, Mr. Horsman, who before stood for the
Borough, was invited. Mr. HorSman arrived in Cocker.
mouth on Sunday, night, and immediately began to make
the necessary arrangements.—Whitehaven Herald.
FIRE.—A destructive fire broke out this morning
between five and six o'clock, in On warehouse of Messrs.
Wade and Co., oil• and Italian. warobeusereent No.
Brick Hill-lane, Upper Thames-street. The upper part 6f
the premises are entirely devoured ; the damage done ex-
ceeds 4,0001. We understand that Messrs. Wade and
Co, are amply insured in the Royal Exchange.