The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-02 00:00:00

'

c. 17
~,... ' 1
xa 4„)
04:1\175PA:... NEWSPAPER
41MINIIIM........••••••10.
tot 4",
~. •'...-.U1,/-:- '' - ‘ .
(ii/Ze--.41/./C‘(
o that
of
theionou
-a-4 - --- I-4
4 a,
,
your appro-vad, and also
. ••
_•••'• 4,
• cf)•',lo% -'-'.- "-,' 1 #"-is 1
~- •
,t 0 $%, ~ of War :
. .-- -..,-.. -v,N
c,2 ‘ ' -0, •,.. ' y .
,L,‘ \t' 1, tt• Clln • - iii .~ -
.•
.....4-1- L-• ....:.-.- - :---i;' \ /,'-: '..--
' ‘vi---2.
Ast montilfor a s
41. R. -.
‘,--a - '- ,„.., _ 10( \\l
444
)710.10ittesiiri..,4.1
~ 1.,,
_ _
~ ,
~.. .., ).
,_.....
.1
(- '' ' - ' *s
41.
Asr j, 1. . %.....,'
~,,,, , , .
~.., i .. .7,1. ' *4.p. ' 1., ~,,... a.. i'4. : ',mop, '
.W
" . ',.i' ro.1), W.-' :lii•-' '''
' _....41
~,,,,,
---
''''','t; ''' •S _ ,
~.... --,C
.r.'''''4.Z2.%, '‘..! t,SH•
) f :
r:
A..,..,,,.... !;41, !;,,3 7,, ,
. 4,11. 4, • ••,. t '..,' -, ti,;Vtir _Ez -N,
‘4,llM'''' 6,-1111 0-, ---.10,- ,y,' c, -- ~
7----Alk c ,
/,,....
--......m.,,. • _ .
___
.'
: ' "..' 5 " DIE ir ' j-14'4"."., k-,,,: PI w,, OM l6-4vc' 4 2:-;',' 4l'-D R 'lOl .0: °"1"-----:
1...-

" I left Washington on the 27th of I,
purpose of making a tour of inspection throughout some
of the Southern States lately in rebellion, and to see what
changes were necessary ih the disposition of the military
forces of the country, and how these forces could be reduced
and expenses curtailed, &c. ; and to learn, as far as possible,
the feelings and intentions of these States towards the
general Government. The State of Virginia being so ac-
cessible to Washington city, and information from this
quarter, therefore, being readily obtained, I hastened through
the State without conversing with or meeting any of its
citizens. In Raleigh, N.C., I spent one day; in Charleston,
s.a, tivo; and in Savannah and Augusta, Ga., each one
day. Both in travelling and while stopping I saw mulch
and conversed freely with citizens of the States, as well as
with officers of the army who have been stationed among
them. The following are the conclusions come to by me
" I am satisfied that the mass of thinking mon of the
South accept the situation of affairs in good faith. The
questions which have hitherto divided the sentiments of
the people of the two sections—slavery and State rights, Or
the right of a State to secede from the Union—they regard
as having been settled for ever by the highest tribunal—of
• arms—that man can resort to. I was pleased to learn from
the leading men whom I met that they not only accepted
the decision arrived at as final, but now that the smoke of
battle has cleared away, and time has been given for re-
flection; that this decision has been a fortunate one for the
whole country, they receiving the like benefit from it with
those who opposed them in the field and in the council.
Four years of war, during which the law was executed only
at the point of the bayonet throughout the States in rebel-
lion, have left the people, possibly, in that condition not
to yield that ready obedience to civil authority the Ameri-
can people have generally been in the habit of yielding.
This would render the presence of small garrisons through-
out these States necessary until such time as labour re-
turns to its proper channel and civil authority is fully
established. I did not meet any one, either those holding
places under the Government or citizens of Southern
States, who thought it practicable to withdraw the military
from the South at present. The white and black mutually
require the protection of the general Government. Thera
is such universal acquiescence in the authority of the ge-
neral Government throughout the portions of the country
visited by me, that the mere presence of a military force,
without regard to numbers, is sufficient to maintain order.
" Tho good of the country requires that a force be kept
in the interior where there aro many freedmen. Else-
where in the Southern States than at forts on the sea-coast

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED 5d.,

son to the floor pending the action of the committee was
ruled out, under objection of. Thad. Stevens, of Pa. There
were also referred to the Committee on Reconstruction
various resolutions, providing that no lately insurgent
State shall be entitled to Congressional representation
until it. shall have repudiated the rebel war debt end all
claims of indemnity for slaves emancipated, ratified the
anti-slavery amendment, passed proper laws for the pro-
tection of freedmen, and complied with the other require-
ments of President Johnson.
Mr. Grinnell, of lowa, introduced a bill, which was re-
ferred, providing that no civil or military officers in Utah
territory shall receive commission or compensation until
he has filed a personal disavowal of the doctrine and prac-
tice of polygamy.
On the motion of Mr. Loan, a resolation was adopted in-
structing the Committee on Freedmen to inquire into the
expediency of immediate legislation securing freedmen and
coloured citizens, of the lately rebellious States civil and
political rights. ,
Mr. Moulton (Rep. of Ill.) offered a resolution requesting
the President to communicate the reasons why Jefferson
Davis has not been tried as a State criminal for treason.
Under emphatic objection by Mr. Rogers (Dem., of N.
Jersey) to its introduction, the resolution went over.
On motion of Mr. Orth, of Indiana, a resolution was
adopted requesting the President to communicate the par-
ticulars of any application that had been made for recogni-
tion of "the so-called Empire of Mexico."
A bill appropriating $25,000 for the relief of Mrs. Lincoln
was adopted.
Mr. Ward, of New York, introduced a resolution declar-
ing polygamy in Utah should be abolished at once. No
action was taken thereon.
Thadeus Stevens, of Penn., delivered a long speech on
reconstruction. He argued that by rebellion the Southern
States had entirely forfeited their former rights, and must
now bo readmitted as new States, after undergoing a terri-
torial condition. He ridiculed the present State Legisla-
tures of the South, and their ratification of the anti-slavery
amendment as illegal and delusive. "The future condition
of the conquered," he said, "depends on the will of the
conqueror. They must come in as new States or remain
as conquered provinces. He contended that for all legal
purposes the Southern States had been out of the Union,
the Confederacy having been recognised as an independent
belligerent. If these States were permitted now to resume
their former position, they could with the democracy of the
North control by actual representation the affairs of the
country. The assumption of the rebel or the repudiation
of the national debt would follow. If, however, the right
of suffrage were granted to negroes the Republican ascend-
ancy might be maintained,as the representation of the South
would be thereby reduced some 40 per cent. He pronounced
President Johnson's theories utterly impracticable. The
whole tenor of Mr. Stevens's speech amounted to an asser-
tion that the Radical programme must be carried out and
negro suffrage secured, or the Republican party would be
destroyed. His frequent bitter allusions to the democracy
implied that the political salvation of the country was en-
tirely dependent upon the Radical branch of the Republican
party. He denounced the theory that this is a " white
man's Government," and closed his speech with the follow-
ing violent ebullition :
" Southern men proclaim this a white man's Govern-
ment, the whole coil of Copperheads re-echo the sentiment,
and upstart Republicans join the cry. Is it any wonder
then that ignorant foreigners and illiterate nations are led

no force is necessary. The soldiers should all be white
troops. The reasons for this are obvious. Without men-
tioning many of them, the presence of black troops, lately
slaves, demoralises labour, both by their advice and fur-
nishing in their camps a resort for the freedmen for
long distances around. White troops generally excite no
opposition, and therefore a smaller number of them can
maintain order in a given district. Coloured troops must be
kept in bodies sufficient to defend themselves. It is not the
thinking men who would do violence towards any class of
troops sent among them by the general Government, but
the ignorant in some places might; and the late slave, too,
who might be imbued with the idea that the property of
his late master should by right belong to him, at least
should have no protection frem the coloured soldier.
There is no danger of a collision being brought on by such
cause.

"My observations led me to the conclusion that the
citizens of the Southern States aro anxious to return to self-
government within the Union as soon as possible ; that
whilst reconstructing they want and and require protection
from the Government ; that they think is required of the
Government, and is not humiliating to them as citizens ;
and that if such a course were pointed out they would
pursue it in good faith. It is to be regretted there cannot
be a greater commingling at this time between the citizens
of the two sections, and particularly of those entrusted
with the law-making power.
" I did not give the operations of the Freedmen's Bureau
that attention I would have done if more time had been at
my disposal. Conversation, however, on the subject with
officers connected with the bureau lead me to think that in
some of the States its affairs have not been conducted with
good judgment or economy, and that the belief widely
spread among the freedmen of the Southern States that
the lands of their former owners will, at least in part, be
divided among them has come from agents of the bureau.
This belief is seriously interfering with the willingness of
the freedmen to make contracts for the coming year. In
some form the Freedmen's Bureau is an absolute necessity
until the civil law is established and enforced, securing to
freedmen their rights and full protection.
" At present, however, it is independent of the military
establishment of the country, and seems to bo operated by
the different agents of the bureau, according to their indi-
vidual notions. Everywhere General Howard, tile able
head of the bureau, has made friends by the just and fair
instructions and advice ho gave; but the complaint in South
Carolina was that when he left things went on as before.
Many, perhaps a majority of the agents of the Freedmen's
Bureau, advised the freedmen that by their own industry
they must expect to live. To this end they endeavoured
to secure employment for them, and to see that both of the
contracting parties complied with their engagements. In
some cases, I am sorry to say, the freedmen's mind does
not seem to be disabused of the idea that the freedman has
a right to live without cap or provision for the future.
The effect of this belief in the distribution of lands is idle-
ness, and accumulation in camps, towns, and cities. In such
cases I think it will be found that vice and disease will tend
to the extermination or groat destruction of the coloured
race. It cannot bo expected that the opinions held by men
at the South for years can bo changed in a day, and, there-
fore, the freedmen require for a few years not only laws to
protect them, but the fostering care of those who will give
them good counsel, and on whom they can rely.
" The Freedmen's Bureau being separated from the mili-
tary establishment of the country requires all the expense
of a separate organisation. One does not necessarilyknow
what the other is doing, or what orders they are acting
under. It seems to me this could be corrected by regard-
ing every officer on duty with the troops in the Southern
States as agents of the Freedmen's Bureau; and then have
all orders from the head of the bureau sent through the
department commanders. This would create a responsi-
bility that would begot uniformity of action throughout the
South, andwould insure the orders and instructions from
the head of the bureau being carried out, and would re-
lieve from duty and pay a large number of the employes of
the Government.—l have the honour to be, very respect-
fully, your obedient servant,

to despise and maltreat ;, whole race of their fellow-men ?
Sir, this doctrine is as atrocious as the infamous sentiments

that damned the late Chief Justice to everlasting fame, and
I' ear to everlasting fire."
This brutal allusion is to the lamented Taney.
The Hon. Thomas Corwin, late United States Minister
to Mexico, died on the 17th inst. at Washington.
Fenian matters here remain without change. The rival

Governments" are in full operation at their respective

"capitals," 011ahony at Union-square and Roberts at 734,
Broadway. Delegations from various circles throughout
the country are arriving, and give their adhesion about
equally to the rival Presidents. The contending officials,
from the Presidents down, abuse each other violently in the
public prints. The public have become thoroughly dis-
gusted with the whole proceeding, as is manifested by the
comments of the press generally. Even those journals
which, like the New York. Ilerald, are afflicted with Anglo-
phobia, now condemn or ridicule the Fenian movement,
and frequent cautions to beware of swindling are given by
the press to servant girls and others of the labouring classes
of Irish, who have principally supplied the treasury of the
order.

The Mexican queStion is still threatening. It is reported
that M. de Montholon is now here, and will not return to
Washington until ho has further instructions from the
French Emperor. It is rumoured that the French officers
on the Rio Grande are so confident that war will result
from the existing complications that they are already
planning the opening campaign. Gen. Logan is still in
acceptW ashi n
oro n.
has It
reisf
unsoe t known
ddefinitivelythe
mission
to t
will
Mexico."

A Washington despatch of the 19th says:—
The following message was received from the President
in answer t 9 the resolution adopted on the 12th inst., ask-
ing for information as to whether the rebellion has been
suppressed.

" I have the honour to state that the rebellion waged by a
portion of the people against the properly constituted au-
thorities of the Government of the United States has been
suppressed; that the United States are in possession of
every state in which insurrection existed, and that, as far
as could bo done, the courts of the United States havebeen
.restored, post-offices re-established, and steps taken to put
into effective operation the revenue laws of the country.
"As the result of measures instituted by the Executive
with a view of inducing a resumption of the functions of a
State, comprehended in the inquiry of the Senate, the
people in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Ala-
bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee
have reorganised their respective State Governments, and
are yielding obedience to the laws and Government of the
United States with more willingness and greater prompti-
tude than, under the circumstances, could reasonably have
been anticipated. The proposed amendment to the Consti-
tution, providing for the abolition of slavery for ever with-

‘! U. S. GRANT, Lieut.-Goneral."

QUEENSTOWN, Jan. 1.

The Inman steamer City of Cork, from New York on
the 21st ult.: arrived here at 12 o'clock to-day, with 74 pas_
sengers and $13,191 in specie. She landed 14 passengers,
and proceeded for Liverpool at 12.10 p.m. Her telegraphic
advices have beon anticipated.

in the limits of the country, has been ratified by each one
of these States, with the exception of Mississippi, from
which no official information has been received ; and in
nearly all of them measures have been adopted, or are now
pending, to confer upon freedmen the privileges which are
essential to their comfort, protection, and security.
"In Florida and Texas the people are making consi-
derable progress in restoring their Stata Government, and
no doubt is entertained that they will at an early period be
in a condition to resume all their practical relations with
the Federal Government.

ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF BOSTON.
(Via Roche's Point.)
NEW YORK, Dec. 23 (Morning).
The Provisional Governor of South Carolina has been
removed, and the Governor elect has been directed to as-
sume office.

" In that portion of the Union lately in rebellion the
aspect of affairs is more promising than, in view of the cir-
cumstances, could well have been expected. The people
throughout the entire South evince a laudable desire to re-
new their allegiance to the Government, and to repair the
devastation of the war by a prompt and cheerful return to
peaceful pursuits. An abiding faith is entertained that
their actions will conform to their professions, and that in
acknowledging the supremacy of the constitution and laws
of the United States their loyalty will be unreservedly
given its Government, whose leniency they cannot fail to
appreciate, and whose fostering care will soon restore them
to a condition of prosperity. It is true that in some of the
States the demoralising effects of war are to be seen in oc-
casional disorders ; but these are local in character, not
frequent in recurrence, and rapidly disappearing as the
authority of the civil power is extended and sustained.
" Perplexing questions were naturally to be expected
from the great and sudden change in the relations between
two races ; but systems are gradually developing them-
selves under which the freedman will receive the protection
to which he is justly entitled, and, by means of his labour,
make himself a useful and independent member of the
community in which he has his home.
From all the information in my possession, and from
that which I have recently derived from most reliable

President Johnson has sent to the Senate the nomination
of the ex-member of Congress L. D. Campbell, as Minister
Extraordinary to the Mexican Republic, vice General
Logan, who has declined.
Mr. Bigelow, Minister to France, has been nominated
for Congressional confirmation in the H ouse.
Mr. Raymond, in a powerful speech, controverted Mr
Stevens' doctrine that the rebellious States were out of
the Union; but contended that they should give a new
guarantee before being admitted to Congressional repre-
sentation.

Congress has adjourned until January 5.
The apprehension of negro outbreaks in the South is
increasing with the approach of Christmas. The authori-
ties are prepared to quell any disturbance.
The New Fork Herald strongly advocates the liberation
of Mr. Davis on the ground of his representing millions of
men who believed themselves oppressed and rose in the
spirit of freemen.

The Southern members of Congress elect have held a
meeting, in which they resolved to return home. They
will again assemble in Washington on the 4th March.
The Secretary of the Treasury is staying in New York.
It is not believed that he will place a loan upon the mar-
ket.

Tho report of Carl Schurz to the President upon the
condition of the South represents the people as generally
submissive, but not willingly loyal. They show no
national feeling and have no American sentiment. The
negro has been reduced to a condition of practical slavery

authority, I am induced to cherish the belief that sectional

animosity is surely and rapidly merging itself into the spirit
of nationality ; and that representation connected with a
properly adjusted system of taxation will result in the har-

mon- ions restoration of the relations of the States to the

national Union. The report of Carl Schurz is herewith
transmitted, as requested by the Senate. No report from
lion. John Covode has been received by the President.
" The attention of the Senate is invited to the accom-
panying report of Lieut.-General Grant, who recently
made a tour of inspection through several of the States
whose inhabitants participated in the rebellion.

"ANDREW JOIDTSON.

" Washington, Dec. 18, 1866."

A special Washington despatch assorts that Secretary
Stanton had sent in his resignation of the War Ministry,
insisting on its acceptance. [This statement lacks con-
firmation.]
A despatch from Montgomery, Alabama, dated Dec. 16,
says :—" Raphael J. Semmes, of the pirate Alabama, was
arrested last evening by orders from Washington, and is
now on his way north under guard." The cause of the
arrest bad not transpired.
The following is the report of General Grant, alluded to
in the Message of the President to the Senate :
" To his Excellency A. Johnson, President of the United
States.

" Headquarters Army of the U.S., Dec. 18.

"Sir,—ln reply to your note of the 11th inst., requesting
a report from me giving such information as I may be in
possession of, coming within scope of inquiries made by the
Senate of the United States in their resolution of the 12th
list, I have the honour to submit the following with