The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-30 00:00:00

CIRCULAR OF COUNT CAVOUR.

The following is the text of a circular addressed
by Count de Cavour to the Sardinian Ministers at
foreign courts : _ _

" Tunnkr, 14th June.
" Sir,—The knowledge you possess of the principloe
which have always directed the policy of his Majesty's Go-
vernment, and the frequent communications I have take=
care to address to you in these latter times, must have
enabled you to appreciate, and to cause to be appreciated,4
the military and political events which have just taken:
place in Lombardy. It is, however, useful to examine oncet
againthe origin and causes of these events, and to set forth:
still more clearly the intentions and the acts of the King's!
Government.
"As soon as the Italian question—the existence of
which was denied by some, and the importance of which'
was lessened by others—assumed the first place in th
preoccupations of Europe, his Majesty's Cabinet, with the
frankness which characterises it, made known the extreme
difficulty of the situation. To do this, in the memorandmoi
of the Ist March last addressed to the British Governmenfi.
and which was afterwards published by the press, I endesir
voured to set forth the results of Austrian domination hi
Italy—results which have no analogy in modern history.
" I showed that the universal antipathy to and hatred of
the Austrian Government arose, first of all, from the sy s-
tem of government inflicted on the Lombardo-Venetians'.;
and next and more particularly from the sentiment of in b-
tionality wounded by foreign domination. The progress of
enlightenment and the spread of instruction which Austr is
could not entirely prevent have made these popula.tio3 as
more sensible of their sad lot—that of being governed"
dominated by a people with whom they have no community
either of race, manners, or language.
"The Austrians, after half a century of domination, hart
not established themselves in those provinces ; they were:
encamped in them. This state of things was not like
transitory one, of which the end nearer or more dist& at
could be foreseen, but it became aggravated and gn
worse every day. We said that that state of things v rae
not contrary to treaties, but that it was contrary to .f the
great principles of equity and jusfce on which social ors ler
is based. If, we added, Austria could not be induced to
modify existing treaties, we should not obtain a definitive
and durable solution, and we must content ourselves w: ith
palliatives more or less efficacious. Nevertheless, in 1 the
hope of rendering the condition of the Lombards and Vei
ie-
tians more tolerable, and of temporarily modifying suck a
grave situation, we hastened, on the demand which vas
made to us, to indicate the expedients which appeared to
us best calculated to obtain the result desired.
" Unfortunately, Austria showed herself more than ever
contrary to any conciliation; she was determined to -main."'
fain by force the illegal preponderance which she hacE
obtained over States recognised by treaties as independent..
She redoubled menaces, and accelerated the formidable
military preparations directed against Piedmont, which.
was the sole barrier opposed to her exclusive domination in.
Italy. The petty States which had bound up their fate*
with that of Austria, and in the same degree had incurredC
the animadversion of their subjects, could no longer shoos
themselves desirous of fulfilling their duties to their people;.
Serious and inevitable complications consequently appeared,
imminent.

" The repose of Europe was thus endangered. It was then
that the proposition of a congress was made by Russia, was.
consented to by the great Powers, and was accepted br
Piedmont. Tho basis of the congress was tho maintenance
of the territorial status quo, that it is to my the treaties
which assured to Austria her possessions in Italy.
" What then took place is known; Austria, which saw
placed in discussion not her legal rights, which were ex-
pressly reserved to her, but the occupations she had accom-
plished in spiee of European stipulations, threw off the mask
all at once. In spite of the formal engagements enteriel
into with England not to attack Piedmont, she sent tua
army into his Majesty's States, and her generals loudly d e-
clued that the Emperor would come to Turin to treat.
" Events have not, it is true, responded to the boastini gs
of the Austrian staff, and the Austrian armies have had to
confine their exploits to shameful spoliations and acts of
cruelty on inoffensive populations. The enemy h:
is
been driven from Piedmontese territory, and the victoric
of Palestro and Magenta Piave opened Lombardy to uss.
Then events confirmed our appreciation of the moral
state of the Lombardo-Venetian provinces, and of the petty
states which had made common cause with Austria. The
sentiments of the populations broke out; the municipal
authorities, the very same municipal authorities who bed
been instituted by Austria, proclaimed the overthrow of tl to
Government; they renewed the union of 1848, and unani-
mously confirmed their annexation to Piedmont. The mu-
nicipality of Milan proclaimed the same thing even withiii
reach of the Austrian cannon.

" The King, in accepting this spontaneous act of the na-
tional will, does not in any manner encroach on existing
treaties, for Austria by refusing a congress the basis of
which was the maintenance of those treaties, and by invad-.
ing the States of his Majesty, has put an end, so far as sh
is concerned, to the arrangements of 1814 and 1815.
" The Italian provinces which the fortune of war had
subjected by force to her domination have entered into their
natural rights ; twice made free in the course of elev:an
years, their will has been manifested without obstacle and
without pressure. In 1848, as in 1859, these provinces
spontaneously united themselves to Piedmont, like brothevi
who meet brothers after a long and painful separation.
"The object of the present war is, his Majestly frankly
avows, Italian independence and the exclusion of Austria
from the Peninsula. This cause is too noble for us to dis-
simulate the importance of it; it is too sacred not to °Mean
in advance the sympathies of civilised Europe. We mrtst
even admit that those sympathies have never failed us, for
the policy of the King's Government has always been Cho
same, and it has obtained the approbation not only of
public opinion but of Cabinets.
"Europe, by the voice of her most eminent statesman,
has testified to the interest she feels in the fate of unhapi
ty
Italy. But in these latter times some distrust more or less
disguised has appeared. The generous intervention of tl
Emperor Napoleon in favour of an ally unjustly attack( KI
and of an oppressed nation has been• to a certain extc oat
misunderstood. Ambitious views and projects of aggram.
disement are said to exist where there are only noble de-
votedness to the cause of justice and right and the imperil•.
tive duty of protecting the dignity and interests of Francs.
The explicit declarations of the Emperor Napoleon 111.
the moment of drawing the sword have, however, greatly
calmed these apprehensions. The proclamation of Milan.,
so clear and becoming, must have dissipated all doubt
which may have remained in prejudiced minds.
" We have the most absolute confidence that the Euro-
pean equilibrium will not be disturbed by the territorial ex-
tension of a great Power, and that there will be in Italy.
kingdom strongly constituted, and such as is naturally ia-
dicated by geographical configuration, the unity of raise,
language, and manners, such has diplomacy wished to
form in other times in the common interest of Italy and
Europe. With the domination of Austria and of the States
which have united their destinies to those of Austria will
disappear a permanent cause of troubles ; order will be
guaranteed; the flame of revolutions be extinguished; and
Europe can abandon herself in full security to the great en-
terprises of peace which are the honour of the century.
" Such is the point of view in which you must present
the events that are taking place in Italy. The conflict
which Austria has excited mustave for result her exclu-
sion from a country which force alone subjected to an
odious and intolerable yoke. Our cause, I take pleasure in
repeating in terminating this despatch, is noble and just;
we can, we must oponely avow that, and we have full con-
fidence in the triumph of right.—Accept, &c.
"CATova."

MONEY MARIcET AND CITY NEWS,

CITY, Two o'CLocx.

The demand for accommodation continues active,
and a moderate discount business is now trans-
acted at the Bank of England. There is conse-
quently no immediate prospect of an alteration in
the minimum rate, although the payment of the
dividends may be followed by increased facilities,
as a considerable addition will then be made to the
resources of the market, and very little inclination
is shown to encourage new undertakings that
would have the effect of employing capital. The
settlement of the speculative account in foreign
railway securities has made favourable progress,
and as the :engagements have been of a limited
character, the liquidation has not exerted much
influence upon the inquiry for accommodation.

The Ocean Chief has been announced this morn•
ing from Australia with specie to the amount of
£40,648.

Accounts from Liverpool report that the Cotton
Market closed yesterday with a more active appear-
ance, and 'prices were unaltered. The sales
amounted to 8,000 bales. In Railway Shares a
moderate business was transacted, and in quota-
tions no change of importance occurred.
The Market for English Stocks opened firmly,
and a few transactions were recorded at the latest
prices current yesterday. Speculation, however,
has not increased and extreme quietude conse-
quently preTails. Symptoms of buoyancy have
nevertheless appeared, and an advance of fully -s!--
per cent. is exhibited, Consols, which opened at
929 1- being 92,1 1,. A few purchases have been
effected, and Foreign Stocks and Railway Shares
all show an improving tendency. The New Threes
and the Reduced Annuities are firm at 93t ;
India Loan Debentures at 94-1 9 ; ditto Scrip at
93 ; and Long Annuities at 171 13-16; Exchequer
Bills are 225. to 255. prem.

The half-yearly meeting of the General Mining
Association took place to-day, when a report was
presented, in which the sale of Nova Scotia coal
for the year 1858 was stated to be 228,565 tons.
The directors, out of the profits of the last year's
operations, paid, in January last, a dividend of 15s.
per share, and were now enabled to announce a
further distribution of 15s. per share, making 30s.
for the year 1858. There were some observations
about the propriety of more detailed accounts
being rendered to the meeting, but the report was
adopted.
Business in the Foreign Stock Market continues
very quiet, and prices have advanced. Turkish
6 per Cents. are 75 to 77, being buoyant ; and
the New are 60 to 62 ; but the 4 per Cents. are flat
at 103 ; Mexican are firm at 18} ; Sardinian at 81 ;
Spanish Deferred at 301; and ditto Certificates
at 3:.
Calls became due to-day of 20 per cent. on the
Bombay and Baroda 5 per Cent. Debentures ; and
,of £1 ss. per share, or £162,500, on the London,
Brighton, and South Coast 41 per Cent. £5 shares.
The last week's railway receipts, ascertained up
to this day, are in round figures as under :

1859.
Great Western
North-Western 70,017
South Western
Brighton 20,602
Midland
South-Eastern
Great Northern 22,272
Lancashire and Yorkshire
Bristol and Exeter 8,240
North Eastern
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln 9,523
Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton 4,438
North London
Edinburgh and Glasgow 5,573
Glasgow and South-Western
Scottish North-Eastern

1858.
£33,152
64,889
17,310
18,036
32,584
20,991
20,386
26,584
7,352
39,398
10,167
4,334
2,623
5,318
7,209

Grand Trunk of Canada
Great Western of Canada 6,486
South Austrian and Lombardo-Venetian 63,363

3;375

7;978

6,735
33,068

The above returns show a favourable increase,
compared with those of the same period of last
year. On the Great Western the increase amounts
to £2,422; on the North-Western, to £5,128; on
the South-Western, to £2,528 ; on the Brighton, to
£2,566; on the Groat Northern, to £1,886; on the
Lancashire and Yorkshire, to £1,566 ; and on the
South Austrian and Lombardo-Venetian, to £20,295
There is a decrease on the North-Eastern of £1,122 ;
on the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, of
£644 ; and on the Great Western of Canada, of
£249.
Business in the Railway Share Market has been
moderately active, and in some instances prices
have shown an upward tendency. North-British
have improved ss. ; Great Northern and Great
Western, lOs ; Midland, 10s. to 15s. ; Lancashire
And Yorkshire, £1; and North. Western, Li 10s.
The Foreign and Colonial undertakings have
been rather quiet. Lombardo-Venetian old shares
have been at 71, and the New at 6-4 7. East
Indian advanced to 101 and 1011 ; Great Indian
Peninsula, to 971 ; Great Western of Canada are
oteady at 143- 14i.
Joint-Stock Bank and Miscellaneous Shares are
exceedingly dull, and show little variation. London
and County are at 291 ; London joint-Stock, 321 ;
Electric Telegraph have declined to 101, and Royal
Mail Steam brought 52.