The Sun.
London, England, 1835-02-10 00:00:00

E Feb. 9

COAL MARI
Per Ton. s. d.l
Adair's
Chester Main l6 0
East Percy l5 01
Holy well l9 6
Pontop Windsor l6 0
Picton l4 9
'Canfield IS 3
West Hartley
Wylam 9.0 0
Howard's Netherton Main ... 11 6
Hartley .
Silkstone Field and Co.
Walls End Bell and Brown
Walls• End Bell, Robson & Co 19 3
Walls End Bewicke and Co 2O 3
Walls End Clark and Co lB II
Walls End Gosforth . ...... 20 9
Walls End Hilda ~. 19 9
Walls End Desmond l4 0
Ships arrived since

Per Ton d.
Walls End Killingworth
WaUs End Medomsley, Stan-
hope Company l9 0
Walls End Newmarch l9 6
Walls End Northumberland l9 3
Walls End Perkins l9 3

Walls End Riddell's

Walls End Braddyll 2l 9
Walls End Hetton 22
Walls End Lambton 222 0
Walls End Lyons 2O 6
Walls End Russell's Lyon's 2O 3
Walls End Stewart's
Walls End Adelaide
Walls End Butterknowl
Wa'ls End Gordon 2l 3
Walls End Tees
Walls End West Hetton

last market-day, 9

MEETINGS OF CREDITORS AT THE COURT
BASINGHALL-STREET, TO-MORROW.

(From the London Gazette)
J. Page, newsman, Hayes court, Greek-street, Soho 1 at 1

During the morning service, on Sunday last, at
Cripplegate Church, Mrs. Mary Rothes, aged 54, one of the
pew-openers, was performing the duties of her situation, when
she suddenly fell to the ground, and uttering the exclamation
" 0 God have mercy on me," had ceased to exist before any
person could raise her up. Her death is supposed to pioceed
from apoplexy. . • - ..

A public meeting was held at the Royal Hotel, on Tues-
day last, when a deputation from Bristol attended, to detail
the advantages which were likely to arise to the inhabitants
of these towns, by the construction of the Great Western
Railway to Bristol. The meeting was highly and respect-
ably attended ; and amongst the company we noticed John
Collier, and Thomas Bewes, Esqrs.—The Members for the
Borough.
J. MoonE, Esq., the Right Worshipful the Mayor, was
requested to preside, and having read the notice, he ob-
served he was ready to hear the gentlemen who had visited
them give the particulars connected with the contemplated
undertaking.
Mr. Rocn, of Bristol, one of the Deputation, then rose,
and stated, that the commencement of the plan originated
with the Corporation Lind several public Companies at Bris-
tol ; and on the Ist of January, 1833, they sent out a num-
ber of circulars, the replies -to which, but with few excep-
tions, were favourable to-the undertaking. Encouraged by
this success, in April following, they employed Mr. Brunell,
the Engineer, to survey and to determine the line best suited,
for the Railway ; he was instructed not to look to any indi-
vidual's particular interest, but to recommend that which
would best suit the object contemplated. He surveyed two
lines, and recommended the North line, which was now
adopted, being more advantageous from a variety of circum-
stances than the Southern. In July a public meeting was
held in Bristol, and a Company was formed, and a deter-
mination to apply to Parliament for a Bill authorising the
Company to form a road from London to Reading, and
from Bristol to Bath—the two ends only of
.the present
contemplated line. Their Bill was under consideration in
a Committee of the House of Commons for 57 days, and
every portion of the measure underwent the most rigid exa-
mination. The result was, that the Bill passed the Com-
mons, but the Lords threw it out on the second reading, on
the grounds, principally, that. it was an imperfect measure ;
some of their lordships contending that if they passed the
Bill, allowing the construction of the two ends of the road,
a long time might elapse before the middle portion would
be finished. Lord Jersey, who at that time opposed the
measure on that ground, was now one of its supporters.
Their Engineer was 10 days under examination, nine of
which he was cross-examined, and he felt a satisfaction in
saying, that his calculation as to the expense of forming the
Railway, or the revenue to be derived from it, was never
shaken. Prior to their last application, they had 10,000
shares taken, and in order to enable them to go to Parlia-
ment with heir new Bill, for the why line, they must
have 10,000 shares more taken ; several thousands of which
were already subscribed. No deposit would be required on
the shar, s unless the full number was taken, as the whole
expense already incurred had been defrayed, and several
thousand pounds Taft The inhabitants of the towns in
Cornwall, where they (the deputation) had been—Pen-
zance, Falmouth, Truro, &c., had entered very warmly into
the subject, and had subscribed liberally ; and he felt as-
sured if the present meeting were satisfied with the line,
and with the statement as to its cost and revenue, they would
look on the. measure as one entitled to their support, and
which would, when carried into effect, be of great advantage
to their town.—(Hear, hear.) From Plymouth to London
was 220 miles ; and the shortest period in which the dis-
tance was accomplished, was 23 hours by the Mail Coach.
Now if the,Railway was not extended beyond Bristol, a per-
son might leave Plymouth at six in the morning, proceed to
Bristol, and from thence to London, getting there by nine
o'clock in the evening, and without the fatigue now experi-
enced—for the fatigue arising from the first part of the jour-
ney by coach; would be got rid of by the ease and comfort
experienced on the Railway.—(Hear.) Mr. Roch then
stated the grounds on which Mr. Brunell had made his cal-
culations as to the cost and returns likely to arise to the com-
pany. The former he had taken from the actual contracts
entered into by the London and Birmingham Company, and
the latter he had calculated by ascertaining the number of per-
sons who travelled over the road by stage coaches, &c. as it
now was, and doubling the number—a calculation far within
the bounds which the experience of the Liverpool and Man-
chester Railway Company had taught them to believe would
actually be the case, as it was evident that with the fa-
cility afforded to travelling from Railways, the numbers
would be more than doubled ; but the Company of the
Great Western Railway would rather err the right side,
and on this calculation for passengers only, they calcu-
lated on a revenue of 471,770/. ; from this they had to
deduct 237,3001. for maintaining the Railway ; leaving a
net income of 294,4701., beino. 91. 7s. 9d. per cent. on
the capital of two millions and a half. It should be ob-
served that the cost of the 'road (that was, keeping it in
repair, engines, &c.) had been calculate& on, what was
paid by the Liverpool and Manchester Company—a sum,
from many respects, far greater, it was fully believed,
than would be. wanted. This calculation of profits did
not include the advantages to be derived from traffic.
He was free to admit that the carriage of goods was not
so advantageous as passengers, particularly heavy goods ;
and he said this, as he had understood that a Railway in
this neighbourhood. had failed ; that he learned was made
through a rude tract of land, and was for the purpose
of bringing down the heaviest of articles—granite, and
taking back the poorest—soil. They might take the ave-
rage of traffic,. in carrying goods, to be. at 5 per cent.
more, but that the Company had not taken into their
calculations,-_—the 9 per cent. was exclusive of it. The
company contemplated borrowing 50 per cent on the capital
subscribed from the Exchequer loan bill commissioners, so
that persons taking shares would only have to advance 501.
per cent. The Government would be paid the interest,
and Si. per cent of the capital, and thus a shareholder for
his 501. actually advanced, would receive 41. 7s. 9d., and
his capital increased every year by the amount paid the
Government towards the amount borrowed. A gentleman
taking ten shares would only hare to advance 5001., and the
advancements would only be required as the money was
wanted ; and as the Railway might take five years (though
Mr. Brunell considered it would be finished in four) to
finish, the holder of ten shares would only be required -to
pay 1001. each year for-the five years. They had not, also,
taken into consideration any advantage which might be de-
rived from the travelling within fifteen miles of London,
their object being to give a plain, fair, and honest state-
ment, and to satisfy every one that nothing like a job was
contemplated—(Hear, hear)—and if the gentlemen he
now had the pleasure of addressing, were satisfied that a
fair statement of the cost had been given, and a just, calcu-
lation as to revenue which might be fairly expected laid be-
fore them, and if they considered the measure was one
which would benefit the country and their neighbourhood in
particular, the Company might, he presumed, look for their
support. He was not aware that he had anything more to
state on the subject ; his friend, Mr. Ward, would follow
him, and would be enabled to state, with far better ability
than he had done, the circumstances connected with the
undertaking.
Mr.• WARD observed, that after the statement they had
just heard from Mr. Rocli, he had nothing particular to
add, and it remained with the gentlemen present, • to say
whether he should occupy their time.(Hear, hear ; and
" go on.") The object of their attendance (the deputa-
tion) that day, was to advance the great undertaking in
which they were engaged. The plan originated in Bristol,
but that city and its neighbourhood not possessing the re-
sources of the north, where Railway Companies were
formed, and their intentions carried into effect, without the
assistance of any other part of the country, from their great
trade and numerous population ; its supporters were obliged
to look to other places, which were likely to be benefitted,
for assistance, and he hoped if they could satisfy the inhabitants
of this town, of the advantages to be gained, and that it was
not possible for them, even to have a railway to Plymouth,
unless this great trunk was first cut from the Metropolis
to Bristol, they should have their support. Mr. Ward
then went over the particulars' as detailed by the former
gentleman, as to the appointment of Mr. Brunel], and his
recommendation of the north line, instead of taking the line
south of Marlborough-down ; the estimate of its cost, the
ground on which the calculations were made, and the re-
venue it would produce, being, by a moderate calculation,
more than 9 per cent. on the outlay, by the conveyance of
passengers only. He then observed that if gentlemen had
paid attention to what they heard, and would take the
trouble to read the report, which lay on the table, and
would fairly consider the subject, they would find that
the undertaking, in addition to offering a great advan-
tage to the country, was a good investment for money ;
another point he would wish to impress on the minds
of the gentlemen present was, if this railway was
not made, the West of England must continue to be de-
prived of the advantages experienced by the inhabitants
of the north, whose facilities of communication were daily
increasing ; and the west would remain—he felt he ought
not to use the word, he did not mean it offensively—in a
barbarous state ; he hoped they would excuse the use .of
the word.—(A laugh.) Mr. Ward then alluded to the
approbation the bill met with in the last Parliament, and
enumerated the various parties who had given it all the op-
_position in. their.power, observing that. many had., entirely

necessity of the measure they advocated—and the other to
get the support and assistance. of those who might choose
to become shareholders in the 'Company ; those who. con-
sented to the first would not be implicated in the second.
He should wish to ascertain the feeling of the meeting on
the first question, before he put the resolution which he
held in his hand, which went to the .effect that thm, ap-
proved" of the plan. Mr.. Woolcombe then read the re-
solution, and then observed, that the country was placed
in a situation at this period, when a prodigious improve-
ment was about to take place, and without going into
the question relative to the road contemplated, for whichhe
was not prepared, and for which there was no cause, after
the able exposition they had heard from the gentlemen of
the deputation ; he must say, if those parts of the country
did not avail themselves of similar means to facilitate com-
munication, they must not expect .to obtain the advanta-
ges which those portions of the kingdom possessed,
which had such facilities.—(Hear.) • Fifty years., ago,
when turnpike roads were first established, if this portion of
the country had not consented to have had such roads, the
inhabitants could not have received the benefits they had
experienced, and it was for the inhabitants of the west to
say whether they would avail themselves of the assistance
of Bristol, in obtaining a railroad to the metropolis or not ;
he considered such a' plan Most desirable. The great trade,
affluence, &c., of the north of England had been alluded to ;
its prosperity had been increased by the facility which ex-
isted for communication, and though. this .part could not
expect to come up to it, yet it might follow in its train, and
if the inhabitants of the west did not persevere, and ne-
glected to follow in its march, the great difference which
already existed, would be increased.—(Hear, hear.). Mr.
W. then alluded to what had been said. by Mr. Roch as
to the pleasant. travelling orr Railways, and said he could
corroborate it, as nothing could surpass it for comfort and
ease ; the passengers, so easy was the motion, might sleep,
read, or write ; and the scenery could be viewed as well as
if a person was passing in a mail coach. Mr. W. then
proposed the resolution, which was seconded by Mr. Hing-
ston. and carried Unanimously. •

Dr. BELLAMY asked how much money was' wanted to
make up the amount required?
Mr. WARD said two or three hundred thousand pounds
was wanted to make up the 4-sths of the whole capital—
the amount necessary to be risen before they could obtain
the sanction of Parliament.

The,.llocroit then spoke at :considerable length on the
subject., advocating the measure, and obsertig that-it had
his good wishes and support.. It was an - excellent under-
taking,. and ought to be supported by men of fortune on a
higher principle than that of its paying a good interest for
their money : his object was to give strength to those gen-

tlemen who had come into the town as advocates for such
an excellent undertaking, and he was perfectly... Satisfied
with the explanation which they had given. The Doctor
then made an enquiry as to what part of London they in-
tended to enter
Mr. WARD said they had arranged to join the London
and Birmingham Railroad at Wormwood Scrubs, four
miles out of London, thus preventing two Railroads from
entering the metropolis. -
Mr. T. Fox said, several years ago when he first heard of
the formation of the road to Bristol, he hailed it as a com-
mencement of a Railway to Plymouth, and though it might
not be extended here for this generation, it was the basis

for a road to Plymouth, the interests of which, from its
port 'being so admirably situated in the chops of the chan-
nel, would be most materially benefitted by such facility of
communication with the interior of the country. He felt
much satisfaction in proposing the second resolution.
This was seconded by Captain PRIDHAM.
The Rev. J. HATCHARD said, as the plan was one which

. - . .
would benefit the country and give employment to the poor,
he did not consider it incompatible with his situation as a
clergyman to take a part in the meeting. He therefore,
with much'pleasure, proposed the next resolution.
Mr: C.-MArRKES seconded it, briefly noticing the advan-
tages which would be derived from the undertaking.
Mr. B. PARHAM, barrister-at-law, proposed the next re-
solution, and said the line of road would not only benefit
Bristol, but be of infinite advantage to the west of 'England
in general.
Mr. CaVERTON seconded it.
Dr. BELLAMY recommended that the two Members be

waited on, and requested to give the measure their best
consideration, and a resolution being prepared to that effect
the Doctor proposed it, which was seconded by Mr. E.
Nettleton, and carried unanimously.
Mr. Roc"' proposed the best thanks of the meeting to
be given to the Mayor, which was seconded by Mr. Foote,
of Devonport, and carried unanimously.
The meeting then separated. .

[Several shares, we understand, were taken in the room,
and, from the interest generally felt towards the measure,
we have no doubt that many individuals of these towns and
neighbourhood will join the company. There can be but
one opinion as to the benefits to be derived from the un-
dertaking, and from the straightforward and candid manner
in which Messrs. Koch and Ward gave their statements,
there is every reason to believe that the calculations have
been fairly made, and that consequently the road will afford
an ample return of profit to the shareholders.]

HANIMERSMITII CHURCH RATE.—At 4 o'clock
on Friday the poll closed, when the numbers were declared as
follow :=-For the rate, 250 ; against it, 226. Majority for the
rate, 14.

SPORTING EXTRAORDINARY. A few days
since, as Captain Ogle and a friend were shooting in the
neighbourhood of Preston-on-the-Wildmoors, in this county,
they observed through the ice (which was very clear) a fine
pike, which was swimming rapidly ; when it stopped, his friend
fired his gun, which being charged only with small shot,
merely glazed the ice. In a short time, the pike again re-
mained stationary, on which his friend cut with a knife a small
hole directly over his head. On finding the knife through, the
Captain, who was standing with his gun ready, fired through
the aperture, and breaking the ice, bagged a beautiful fish,
weighing upwards of thirteen pounds. —Shrewsbury Chronicle.

ALARMING F's RE.—lesteiday morning, between
twelve and one o'clock, the lower part of the premises of Mr.
Berry, confectioner, Great Turnstile, Lincoln's Inn-fields,
were discovered to he on fire. An alarm was instantly given,
and the London Establishment engines from French horn-
yard and Farringdon-street, with firemen, were quickly on the
spot ; but the fire was not stopped until the bakehouse and the
greater part of the shop were consumed. It is Mr. Berry's
customoo visit his establishments (three in number) every
night previous to retiring to rest, and on his going into his
shop in Turnstile at the time above stated he perceived a
quantity of smoke issuing from the bakehouse stairs, which
aroused his suspicion, and led to the fortunate early discovery
of the fire, and also saving the lives of two boys who were
asleep in the back part of the bakehouse. The accident was
caused by inattention to the oven, which became overheated.

are occasionally liable to misfortune—but a dutiful
request by the Commons that he will be pleased
to correct his mistake, is not therefore to be interpreta
as a censorious rebuke. The defeat of an administra-
tion, at any given period of its existence, conveys no
insult to the SOVEREIGN ; it is a simple intimation
that the Cabinet possesses no longer the confidence of
Parliament ; and the Prime Minister, thereupon, hon,
estly and decorously declares to his MAJESTY his
incapability of carrying on the Government : is there
any thing insolent or contemptuous in this ? Surely
not. The KING calls together a new set of councillors,
who continue to act till, by the commission of sonic
political blunder, they, in their turn, become discom-
fited ; and whether this occurs after the first hours or
the first five years is, abstractedly considered, just alike
in its consequence, and equally non-insulting.

When the Tories talk of Mr. ABERCROMBY's
majority ensuring a majority against the Opposition on
the Address, they prove themselves to be unwise in
their logic ; how reads the converse of the proposition ?
" A majority against Mr. ABERCROMBY would en-
sure a large majority in, avour of the Opposition on
the Address !" Why, by their own showing, they
must in either aspect be defeated !

The infelicitous appointment of the Marquis of
LONDONDERRY to the Court of St. Petersburgh has
excited the most lachrymose appeals for merciful con-
struction by the Conservative inveterates, on behalf of
so amiable a person and so faithful a follower of the
Duke. For such a man and measure, at such a time,
indeed, no little brilliancy of apology is needed ; but
we were hardly prepared for one which has been just
assigned by a Conservative writer, who suppresses the
thunder of his indignation with great difficulty. " The
Duke," he tells us, " may possibly be compelled to
appoint the Marquis, as a visitation forced upon him
by some practical necessity of party I" Whatever be
the nature of the compulsion, or of the party (at home
or abroad), if the Duke is obliged to succumb to
" visitations" like this, the nation may well tremble at
a Conservative Government.

The same authority, alluding to the repeal of a bad
law, designates it as being " a deep and damning stain
both upon the Ministers that proposed, and the Par-
liament that passed it." That Parliament and those
Ministers were the same, almost to a man, who pro-
posed and passed the Reform Bill I If " some prac-
tical necessity of party" shall by-and-by arise to con•
sider that a bad law, neither the frankness of Sir
ROBERT, nor the force of the Duke, may be sufficient
to withstand the " visitation" which shall urge the re-
peal of what themselves and their party at the time,
and to this day, believe to be a deep and damning
stain upon the country.
Every succeeding hour betrays some fresh instance
of the moral incapacity of the Tories to govern the
people in the spirit of the times. The bigotted ad-
herence to old principles, in defiance of their own fal-
lacious declarations, and the constructions put upon
them by their friends of an unprincipled Press, is too
unequivocally expressed to be mistaken ; and their
smouldering intentions, unless effectually and promptly
quenched, will burst into acts of inextinguishable
Toryism, destructive alike to the interests and the hap-
piness of a free people. One branch of the Legisla-
ture may be considered as essentially Tory : if the
Commons be gained to them by the supineness of the
Members, the people will indeed have good cause to
dread the " visitations" which may be forced upon an
unreluctant Tory Government. Even were Conser-
vative promises made in truth and sincerity, and ex-
plicitly intelligible, there is no foreseeing the conse-
quences which " some practical necessity of party"
may not hereafter produce. Let no Reformer, then,
who, by a vacillating support of the present Govern-
ment, becomes a renegade to his declared principles,
expect a merciful consideration from his present con-
stituents, or from the faction which he helps to esta-
blish in power—scouted by both parties, he will re-
ceive the contempt of all. Let him perform his duty
according to promise and principle, unmoved by the
many and corrupt influences which are openly and se-
cretly at work to swerve him from its path, and
" verily he shall receive his reward" in the gratitude
of a free and unsold people, and in the approbation of
a conscience unpolluted by Conservative temptation.

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1835.

The efforts of the Tory press are unceasingly
directed to gain over the Moderates by means of
alarm. Sensible that the affected neutrality of this
party arises mainly from political imbecility, they have
warily chosen their artillery, and wavering timidity is
to be terrified into alliance. They are told that if the
existing Government be overthrown, nothing short of
a collision with the Throne, the House of Lords, and
the Conservative portion of the Aristocracy, must in-
stantly and inevitably ensue, and anarchy from one
end of the kingdom to the other be the fatal conse-
quence. When an enemy is in despair he is not over
nice in the employment of any weapon of defence
which chance may throw in his way—the Tories not
only make false assertions, but talk nonsense into the
bargain. In their dismay, they appear to think that
those whose support they would win, have either "eaten
of the insane root which takes the reason prisoner,"
or that they have no reason at all.
It is asserted, that so great is the terror throughout
the country of affording real hope or strength to those
who would destroy our institutions, the appointment
of Mr. ABERCROMBY to the Speaker's chair would
at once ensure a large majority against the opposition
on the address. All parties seem to be well aware
that the choice of Speaker will determine the question
of a Tory or a Liberal Government. According to the
votes given on that occasion so will the seats be taken
in the House, and the political bias of 'the members
become at once manifested. It is idle to affect doubt—
the contest is not one of person, but of principle. How,
then, is it possible that- a majority in favour of Mr.
ABERCROMBY can ensure a large majority against
the opposition on the address ? By what process
of reasoning can such an inference be deduced ?
Will the persons who by their suffrages in favour
of Mr. ABERCROMBY declare their opposition to
a Tory Government, in the very next breath an-
nounce their adherence to a Tory Government ?
Such a supposition is perfectly ridiculous. The ob-
ject of the Conservatives in putting forth this as-
sertion is clearly enough apparent : the opposition to the
address is to be contorted into a censure upon the SOVE-
REIGN, and so monstrous an act of disloyalty is to
frighten moderate fealty into Tory support I If Mr.
ABERCROMBY shall be carried to the Speaker's chair
on the shoulders of the Opposition, common sense will
not want such straining to conclude that a successful
opposition to the address becomes inevitable ; that such
an opposition is to be construed into a censure, is a
flexure of reasoning that we cannot in justice admit to
be correct. The KING does not yet appear to have
done aught deserving of censure: that his MAJESTY
has been betrayed into an error of judgment, the
people may and do believe—the best and the wisest

The Paris papers of Saturday have been all re-
ceived ; from which we learn, with considerable sur-
prise, that the Austrian Government is resolved to
compel the Swiss Cantons to an unconditional sub-
mission to the will of the Imperial Court. Our readers
will remember, that on the Ist of January, the seat of
the Federal Government was, according to the order of
annual rotation observed in the Helvetian Republic,
changed from Zurich to Berne, and that, in
accordance with a diplomatic usage, all the Foreign
Ministers residing at Zurich addressed official
notes of congratulation to the Government. The
Austrian Minister, however, instead of congratu-
lating the Government, seized upon the opportunity
to complain that certain German refugees were afforded
shelter in Berne ; that a public meeting had been
allowed, in which the conduct of the Imperial Court
was censured without the impious babblers being sub-
jected to punishment ; and that it was the will of the
Emperor that not only should a residence in Switzer-
land be denied to the Refugees from Germany, but
that no meetings offensive to the Imperial Court or
Government should be permitted with impunity in any
of the Cantons. To this note the Vorort returned
for answer, that the Government of Switzerland re-
gretted that any ground of complaint on the part of
Austria had existed, and that it would be one of it;
first and most important duties to take care in future that
nothing offensive to the Emperor should escape the
vigilant repression of the Republic. This answer, in
all respects so conciliatory, was not sufficiently adula-
tory to please the palate of the Emperor. His 'Majesty
could relish nothing on the part of the Swiss Govern-
ment, less savoury that the signing of the declaration of
the Vorort, agreed to in the sitting of the 22d of July,
1834, at Zurich. Note followed Note, from the Ist to
the 26th ult., when the Austrian Observer appeared,
containing a long official order, suspending, in the name
of the Emperor, all communication with the Go-
vernment of Switzerland, until it has given pledges
for the fulfilment of every demand made by the
Imperial Court. In this document there is a long list
of the various grievances endured by the paternal
government of Austria, at the hands of the ingrates of
Switzerland ; with various accounts of the long-suf-
fering, the loving-kindness, and the meek endurance
of the Emperor, under the severest trials by which
the patient forbearance of a Monarch could be tested.
His Imperial Majesty is made to appear one of the
worst-used men on earth, as well as one of the most
amiable under the most wanton provocations. But

TNE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1835.

there is a limit to the pourer of endurance even of
Saints And iViartyis, and that extreme point has been
reached by the Emperor of AUSTRIA, under a host of
annoyances which would have provoked the patriarchal
fury of Jos himself. What effect the fulmination of
this threat will have on the Vorort of Berne, will be
ascertained very soon. We prestime the Government
of the Republic must succumb to the power of Aus-
tria for the present ; but we trust that, whatever con-
sequences ensue, it will not yield to any compromise
of those great principles of liberty upon which it was
based. One of these would be the yielding up of such
refugees to the Government of Austria as fled in con-
sequence of their political opinions, and to escape the
punishment awarded to political offences. Neither
can Switzerland agree to put down public meetings in
in the Cantons, or to punish any person who
chooses to censure the political principles of the
Austrian Government, as this would amount to a
pledge to extinguish liberty, by overturning the repre-
sentative system, which alone preserves the freedom and
the institutions of the Republic. All that the Em•
peror complains of as disrespectful to him in Switzer-
land, is essential to the existence of liberty in a free
country. As easy would it have been for Shylock
to take the pound of flesh without shedding the twen-
tieth part of a scruple of blood, as for Switzerland to
put down political discussion in the Republic, and at
the same time preserve the spirit of its present Go•
vcrnment.

In these Journals, as well as in the German Papers
which have been received this morning, there are re-
ports of the disbanding of a considerable body of the
Austrian troops, it being both unnecessary and too
expensive to continue the present standing army in a
season of profound peace. The reduction, however,
will not be considerable,—perhaps not more than
twenty thousand men, which is but a handful out of a
body of troops, reported to exceed three hundred and
sixty thousand efficient men, the whole amount of the
standing army of Austria for the last four years. It is
evident that a standing army so numerous as this must
have cost the country an immense sum, over and
above all charges for police, and the civil authorities
immediately charged with the preservation of order
among the peasantry.
The domestic intelligence contained in the Paris
Journals is not important. The rumoured change in
the Cabinet has been postponed until the Government
shall have ascertained the political movements which
are expected to take place in London in a few days.
There are no remarks on the subject of the Russian
claims in these papers ; but they state that the law
for the indemnification of America is now sure to pass,
especially as the vote of the Senate has prepared the way
for a calm and amicable consideration of the question.

Intelligence from Bayonne to the 3d inst. has been
received. The following is a copy of a proclamation
issued by General MINA, on receiving the Govern.
ment report of the insurrection in Madrid on the 18th
of January. We should further observe that this pro.
clamation was published in Pampeluna on the 23d ult.:

" I hasten to communicate the above statement to the inha.
bitants, and the army I have the honour of commanding, that
they may not be led astray by other exaggerated reports which
the enemies of the throne and the liberties of the country are
industriously circulating. The authors of those scandalous
scenes have cre now suffered the punishment of their offences.
Being intrusted with the mission of destroying our enemies, to
whatever class of society they may belong, in the provinces
placed under my command, I have directed that whoever shall
dare to foment the least disturbance, no matter in what sense,
be immediately shot, whether said disturbance be provoked by
one or more persons ; and I have, to that effect, issued express
orders to all the generals of division, chiefs of brigades, com-
manders of forts and detachments, to carry this ordonnance
into execution in their respective districts, without distinction
of persons or parties. Finally, I have ordered that, wherever
public tranquillity shall be disturbed, under any pretext what-
soever, all individuals found at a distance from their homes,
excepting the authorities/ and other persons charged with the
maintenance of order, shall be put to death.
(Signed) MINA.
" Head-quarters of Pampeluna, Jan. 23."
General Mina writes, under date, Pampeluna, 29th ult. :
" Martinez de la Rosa said, in the Chamber of Procuradores,
that the army of the North was composed of 41,000 men.
This assertion requires some explanation. Here is the man-
ner in which those forces are divided : _

Men quartered at the other side of the Ebro lO,OOO
In garrison in different towns and forts in the four
provinces
Belonging to the army of the North, and stationed
in other provinces
Now in the field, in which the sick are included 16,000

Total number of men 41,000•"

Letters from Rome state that Don MIGUEL has
made his escape from that city on the 23d ult., and
that as yet no person has ascertained whither he has
proceeded. His domestics, as soon as his absence
was made known, were questioned respecting him ;
but they either knew not whither he went, or they had
received orders to conceal all they knew on the
subject. The French Ambassador appeared the
most alarmed, and on the 24th ult. dispatched
couriers to Civita Vecchia, and Genoa, to learn
sidings of him ; but they returned without obtaining
abtaining the slightest intelligence of the Royal fugi-
tive. Fears are entertained that MIGUEL meditates
another visit to Portugal, where some of his emissaries
are still at work.

hire and extent of these absurd and impolitic exactions
and restrictions from the following statement

Were we called upon to select a spot the best cal-
culated, in our opinion, to demonstrate the evils of mis-
government, we think we should be tempted to fix on
the island of Ceylon. It affords an edifying, though
lamentable, proof, of the extent to which the perverse
policy of man may succeed in defeating the benevolent
intentions of nature. This important, but remote, and
therefore neglected, dependency of the British Crown,
is nearly half the size of England, and possesses a soil and
climate so various that the vegetable productions of Eng-
land, France, and Spain, as well as those of the tropical
regions, are raised in the greatest perfection, yet the num-
ber of the inhabitants does not exceed a million, and
such is the state of agriculture, that even this popula-
tion, scanty as it is, depends in a great measure upon
other countries for a precarious supply of food. The
island abounds with valuable commodities; its navigable
rivers are numerous ; and its harbours, in capacity,
safety, and convenience, far surpass all others in the
Indian Seas ; yet its commerce is miserably contracted
and unproductive.
How comes it that a country enjoying so many
natural advantages, once the resort of the mer-
chants of Arabia, India, and China, and still exhi-
biting, in the ruins of its magnificent reservoirs, the
traces of extensive cultivation, should be reduced to so
wretched a state ? The answer to this question is
contained in a very interesting pamphlet just pub-
lished by Ridgway, entitled " A Brief Appeal to the
Government and People of Great Britain in behalf of
the inhabitants of Ceylon," and attributed to the late
Member for Bodmin. Mr. PETRE imputes the
evils that afflict Ceylon to a " long continued system
of blind monopoly and arbitrary exaction," " the re-
lics," as he justly remarks, " of Dutch barbarism, re-
tarding the march of enterprise, and opposed to the ob-
vious policy and best interests both of the colony and
its mother country."
Our readers may form some judgment of tht 13a.

" Of many of these exactions it is impossible to speak but in
terms of unqualified condemnation and regret,—of some, as
being altogether unjust and impolitic in themselves ; and of
others as having been rendered so, either by the exorbitancy of
their amount, or by the harrassing mode of their enforcement.
Thus, in a country super-abounding with salt, no one is per-
mi!ted to enjoy that prime necessary of life without paying a
price of` from 800 to 1,000 per cent. above the cost of its pro-
duction :—thus, in districts overrun with woods and wild
beasts, and where the destruction of either is an absolute benefit
to the community, no man can fell a tree, or shoot at an ele-
phant without a taxed license from the Government Collector 1
—Then, there are land- assessments and fish-rents, farmed out
to speculators, and by them collected in kind ; high export du-
ties on various articles of native growth and manufacture ;
heavy taxes on the importation of food and clothing ; harassing
tolls on all goods transported from one part of the island to
another; Capitation taxes; Licenses for carrying on parti-
cular trades ; Licenses for gambling, &c. &c.
" The Revenue for 1831 amounted to £331,142.
" Amongst the taxes composing it, were the following :
" Salt £27,891
" Land rents 25,607
" Fish ditto
" Sea customs
" Cinnamon

Each of these sources of revenue forms successively
the subject of discussion ; the mischievous consequen-
ces of the present system of taxation are clearly
pointed out, and the proper remedies proposed.
The authorities of Ceylon seem to act on the prin-
ciple that the higher they screw the duty on an article
of consumption the more productive it will be to the
revenue, forgetting, or not knowing, that in the obsti-
nately perverse arithmetic of taxation, two and two do
not always make four. Had Mr. PETRE done no thing
more than expose the way in which the monopoly of salt
is managed, that would have been sufficient to show
the barbarous policy of the Government. This is an
article of the first necessity to man wherever he exists ;
it is capable of being employed with great advantage
to agricultural purposes as a manure, and its fattening
properties in feeding cattle are well known. Ceylon
produces salt of the purest quality, and in quantity
sufficient to supply the markets of India and the In-
dian Islands, as in fact it once did. This commo-
dity alone, if it were not for the influence of the Go
vernment, would be the means of creating an extensive
and profitable commercial intercourse between Ceylon
and the neighbouring countries. But see how Mr.
PETRE describes the effects of the salt monopoly :
" On the mischiefs of the existing monopoly in Ceylon it
is unnecessary to dilate. It interferes (as every one at all ac-
quainted with the island can bear testimony) with the true
interests of the State no less than with the comforts and moral
happiness of the people. It restricts the free use of the ar-
ticle for the cure of fish and for culinary purposes at home,
and precludes it altogether from being sold, in any shape,
abroad. In the meantime fraud, and smuggling, and evil
habits increase ; the salt collected is often of an inferior qua-
lity, and when otherwise, is perpetually liable to adulteration,
in retail. And for what are all these evils incurred? For an
income in the gross of not more than 27,000/. or 28,0001., and
which, after deducting from 20 to 25 per cent. for collecting,
storing, and various contingent expenses, can seldom amount
to 23,0001. a-year—a poor and inadequate return for all the
miseries inflicted on the people, and all the unpopularity and
reproach sustained by the Government in consequence of the
exaction I

" The pure salt, formed by solar evaporation, can alone
be used in curing fish and meats; and the supply of this is re-
stricted. Salt, which was formerly given to cattle, and used
in agriculture, can no longer be afforded.
" In the salt districts of Ceylon, the formation is most abun-
dant in the driest seasons, when the crops are most liable to
failure. The inhabitants, if allowed, could supply themselves
with grain by exporting salt, or sendinc, it into the inte,ior.
Indeed this is the only resource which. offers to them, and
owing to successive droughts, and to the restrictions on the
salt trade, some districts, which were once populous and thri-
ving, are now nearly deserted.
" Even the fishermen are precluded from preserving their
filh with the salt, which they could gather at their own doors.
" After the Government has collected what it requires for
its own limited sales at 800 or 1,000 per cent. above the na-
tural price, the remainder is annually dissolved by the rains :
guards being appointed to ensure its destruction.
" It is unnecessary to describe the feelings of a people,
towards a Government which thus deprives them of the prin-
cipal resource bestowed on them by nature, punishes with fiscal
severity any attempt to avail themselves of it, even in seasons
of scarcity, and exacts an exorbitant premium on a scanty
supply of this necessary of life, often so adulterated by re-
tailers as to be unfit for use. Even the Dutch East India
Company, whose Government was organized upon a system of
rigid monopoly which led to its ruin, did not restrict the free
use of salt by its native subjects, or cause a wasteful destruction
of the natural supply.
" By destroying the salt monopoly throughout India, a pro-
digious stimulus would be given to the intercolonial trade, and
under a system of moderate duties, large quantities of salt
would be exported to Bengal, for the consumption of many
millions of people now inadequately supplied. It would be
used by them in curing provisions, in fertilizing lands, and in
feeding stock, and as they will pay less for it, they will be able
to enjoy many comforts, which they cannot now afford, besides
having a ready market for their cheap grain. Tobacco is
largely exported from Ceylon to the continent, and with the
populous nations subsisting on rice, cinnamon, and other con-
diments, will be again in general use. It is also not impro-
bable that salt will be again largely exported to the Eastern
Archipelago, and may constitute a part of the cargoes of ship-
ping engaged in the tea-trade.
" These are objects of importance even to the commercial
interests of this country • but I would rather advocate the ques-
tion on behalf of those who, having no voice in the Legislature,
look up for justice and protection to the British Government."
To out-do the Dutch in illiberality, nay in cruelty,
to the native inhabitants of the Indian Colonies, we
had thought was impossible. But we were mistaken ;
this triumph of intelligence and humanity was reserved
for British legislation in the nineteenth century.
Our limits preclude us from prosecuting this inte-
resting subject at present, but we shall resume it to-
morrow.

We are glad to see that the serious aspect which
the question about the choice of a Speaker has now
assumed, has roused the vigilance of the liberal consti-
tuencies throughout the kingdom. The great and
general interest, which is thus publicly manifested, will,
we doubt not, exercise a salutary influence over those
wavering representatives, who might otherwise have
pleaded ignorance of the wishes of their consti-
tuents, as an excuse for voting with the Mi-
nistry on a question which they would have pre-
tended to consider as of no public importance.
Among those who are said to be inclined to vote for
the re-election of Sir C. MANNERS SUTTON, we
regret to hear the hitherto liberal Member for Tyne-
mouth mentioned. We trust the report is unfounded,
but ought not the Honourable Member's constituents
to satisfy themselves on a point of so much importance ?

INSOLVENT COURT-(THIS DAY).

Mr. John Hodson, a clerk in the Audit Office, Somerset
House, whose case had been before the Court on two former
occasions, came up to-day for adjudication. He .vas opposed
by Messrs. /slicnoLLs and WOODROFFE on the part of several
creditors, and was supported by Mr. Coors.
The insolvent had been twice discharged under the Act, the
last time in September, 1830. His salary now amounted to
3.50/. a-year, and his debts to 365/. On the former discharge
in 1830 the sum of 401. a-year out of his salary, had been set
aside for the benefit of his then creditors, and the object of the
opposition was to obtain a portion of his salary for his creditors.
The insolvent had been some time seriously indisposed, and to
avoid imprisonment, had offered to pay his creditors 1001. a-year.
Some had refused, and the insolvent went to prison. The
same offer had been since made, but some had rejected it.
On the part of the creditors, for whom Mr. NICHOLLS ap-
peared, it was contended that the insolvent must obtain the
consent of three-fourths of his creditors, having been dis-
charged within five years.
Mr. WOODROFFE said he would prefer a portion of the
salary to an adjournment, as the insolvent would perhaps lose
his situation.

The COURT said, if an arrangement was not effected, the
insolvent must obtain the requisite consents. The case stood
over, and the insolvent had agreed to enter into a rule of
Court to pay the assignees 1001. a year. He was discharged,
and the costs were allowed.

MAIL COACH .ACCIDENT.—On Friday evening,
the mail coach from the North was upset at the head of the
Lower Burn, Arbroath, in consequence of a heap of rubbish
having been imprudently allowed to remain on the street,
which, at that place, is in the direct line of coaches passing to
the north and south. Fortunately, there were only two pas-
sengers, both inside. One gentleman had his body so bruised
that he was only yesterday able to leave the Inn for Edinburgh
with his own carriage ; the guard and driver suffered slightly ;
but the coach was sadly shattered, and the lamps and, windows
were smitslled to atoms.—Aberdeen Herald.

LITERAT -1.0

Q 11, TE.FIL Y REVIEW. No. CV.
Murray, London, 18353

There are many able papers in this number, which
comes recommended to us, besides, by the unusual
moderation of its political temper. There is nothing
of the virulent personality that we remember in the
" Review" some two or three years since. It has be-
come forbearing, dignified, though as earnest as ever
in the enforcement of its own particular views. The
review of " Bennett's New South Wales" is well di-
gested, and we heartily agree with the justice of these
remarks :—" We are much inclined to believe that
the time is come when the society of this colony should
be delivered, if possible, from further influx of
moral pollution, and a new penal settlement established
on some otherpert of that vast continent. Who can doubt
that this is a country which must make a great figure
in the world, either for good or evil, before three gene-
rations more shall have passed away ?—or contem-
plate without alarm the existence of a powerful nation,
born and reared amidst such a moral atmosphere as at
present shocks every new visitant of Sidney, and is but
too apt to corrupt and harden the whole being of any
one who protracts his residence there." Perhaps in
the whole world there is not at the present moment, a '
country which exhibits so many broadly marked signs
of improvement as Australia; and it is indeed full
time, as the Reviewer justly obsecves, that the moral
tone of its society should be heightened, by clearing
it of all that pollution with which the colony is now
unfortunately but too familiarized. " Correspondence
de Victor Jacquemont" is a severe, but merited attack
on the writings of a man, who, as a traveller, has oc-
cupied a far larger portion than he deserves, of public
attention. "M. Jacquemont," says the critic, "is
the personification—the beau ideal of a literary cox-
comb of the modern French school." This is strictly
true. 'Yet he is not without redeeming excellencies.
s amusing ; frequently smart, and
He is almost aitvti:,'
even brilliant ; and no then eloquent and graphic
w Mit,:
in his descriptions. But he has ;2t one atom of
discretion. Indeed, we never met with a vs..".iter so
singularly deficient in this respect. " Population or
Great Britain and Ireland," is elaborate, but dull, and
unreadable by those who, like us, are sick of all popu-
lation schemes and disquisitions. We recommend it
to Mr. Sadler, by whom it may be perused with ad-
vantage. The article on " Coleridge's Table Talk "
furnishes us only with a luncheon, where we would
gladly have enjoyed a dinner. By all accounts, Cole-
ridge must have been the first talker of his day, though
he does not seem to have possessed the vigour and con-
densation of Dr. Johnson. The latter was terse ; the for-
mer diffuse and fond of amplification. The one always
came at once to the point ; the other was perpetually ram-
bling from it. In point of various knowledge, Coleridge,
we understand, was considered superior to Johnson.
In point of imagination, we know he was. " Sir
Robert Peel's Address" is of course animated in its
eulogies of the nondescript Tamworth Manifesto.
Speaking of the course which it behoves Sir Robert
Peel to pUrsue in the present critical state of affairs,
the Reviewer incidentally remarks, " No Minister ever
stood, or could stand, against public opinion." We
can imagine the horror and indignation with which
old Gifford would have struck these words out, had
any luckless contributor ventured to express them in
those high-Tory anti-Reforming days, when he was the
editor of the "Quarterly Review." Even now, it is an un-
expectedly liberal admission for this periodical to hazard.
The writer seems to think that the present Ministers
must remain in office, because, should they be displaced,
t!,ey will not be able to find successors among the Consti-
tutional Whig party. What sheer cant is this? Are not
the M embers of the Melbourne Cabinet still alive ?
What, then, should prevent them from resuming office,
the instant the incapacity of the Tory Administration
has been proved to the satisfaction of the country ?
It will not be long, we suspect, ere Lord Mel-
bourne's horses' heads are again turned towards
Windsor ; though the Reviewer is of opinion that a
junction, at no distant date, between Sir Robert Peel
and Lord Stanley will effectually prevent any such
contingency. On the whole, the article is ingeniously,
though sophistically, reasoned. We have no space
for extracts.

LARDNER'S CABINET CY CLOPXDIA, No. 63.

Longman and Co., London, 1835.

The present number of this popular Cyclopmdia
forms the first volume of the Lives of the most Eminent
Literary and Scientific Men in Italy, Spain, and Por-
tugal. The most carefully written of these Lives, and
in which the most research is apparent, are decidedly
those of Dante and Petrarch, which are full of inte-
resting, and, in one or two instances, novel matters.