The Sun.
London, England, 1866-11-30 00:00:00

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NEWSPA PE

..hcfr,
has just been held at Hampstead to determine fire ii s
action. Epping Forrest has recently been the cause
of a suit in equity. In the parish of Loughton the
inhabitants have exercised from time immemorial
the right of cutting firewood, by what is tradition-
ally spoken of as Queen Elizabeth's charter. This
right, they say, existed from the 11th November to
a specified day in April in each year, on condition
that the first axe was laid at 12 o'clock at night en
the former date. Curious stories are told of the
means taken to prevent this law being kept.
Suppers given and conviviality promoted, in
the midst of which an astute and sturdy commoner
has stolen out at night to keep the bond and pre-
serve his own awl his fellows' rights ; money gifts
proffered to induce intending wood-choppers to keep
at home ; and persuasive arguments as to the utter
uselessness of keeping up an obsolete form—such as
are said to have been the means fruitlessly employed
to shake the resolution of those bent on maintaining
the charter. Where this document is, and under
what circumstances it was granted, have not been
stated. Midnight is supposed to have been fixed in
order that the privilege of wood-cutting should be
restricted to bond fide inhabitants, but the evidence
of the existence of the charter seems to mainly rest
upon the unanimous testimony of old parishioners,
and the persistent efforts made to prevent its first
clause being observed. Tradition states that three
other parishes near originally had the same privi-
leges as Loughton, but have lost them through suc-
cumbing to the temptations quoted; and it is also
said that at Walthamcross similar rights were ex-
tinguished by the monks, who gave a supper to the
commoners, and by engaging them in revelry until
the magieal_ilonr was passed,- =med. -the--rigt44- to , '
lap-se, and made enclosure legal. At Loughton re-
cent proceedings have assumed a peculiarly painful
character, owing to the lord of the manor, a clergy-
man, having felt it is duty to visit condign punish-
ment upon some poor cottagers for continuing to
chop their wood after being warned that the ground
it stood on had been made by him private instead of
public property. Imprisonment, loss of employ-
ment, of means of subsistence, and of home have
followed, and it is probable that particulars of their
hard treatment will be brought before the public,
and steps be taken for their aid.

; IN PARLIAMENT-SESSION. 1867
~I-11-7-NbALlt, AND GREENTORE RAILWAY.
1--Msnsion-OF Time for conipleting Railwayl-RTieal of
Parts of Irish North-Western _Railway Act, 1862 and
1863, and trail; of poiyers thereof to Dundalk an 4
Gs
Pe ,nore Railw; Company,-Gonstruction of Railways
Datidalk, -Further- Money 'Powers-Repel of
visions of Newry and Greenore Raibta.y"Acta as to joint
Rorks and vesting of. powers Tin • Dundalk Compry,-
n.ntling powerslo Newry and "Greenore Ccitnpany over
~--Sww°l;teLrnin°R-aPurchase of Slob Lands at Greenore Point,
Vorking and Traffic-arrangement's with' Irish North=
Railway Company and london. end North-
No
el.' ern Railway Company,- Powers foi London cud
„th-Western Railway Company to subscribe to under-
'along of Dunda.lk Company, and to raise money for that
NPurpose. Amendment of Ads.]
OM E HEREBY u'rIVEN, That appli-
cation is intended to bo made to Parliament in
e'-nsnin Session for leave to bring in a Bill to effect the
-J,--
'etsnnd Purposes following, or some of them, that is to
3'
andT .0\ extend the time for the completion of the Railway
18e V°ocs by the Dundalk and Greonore Railway Act,
authorised to- be constructed.
it,°,_'eneal, alter, or amend all such- parts of the Irish
4n, Western Railway Act, 1862, as relate to .a Railway
tvera Prnarai in that, Net described as a Railway or Tram-
;Loys:Aol;i• ), Commeneitia- the-toWilland Mai•shea
fha parish of Dundalk,. and county of Louth, by
ar --Jtion with the Dandalk and
the
Railway, at
lher-'4,r to the Goods Store at the Dundalk Teeminus.
Parlae°'" and terminating - in the Town:land of Tciwn--
'the at the same - parish
.and.. county, or., near to
daik Westera endis Of the- Quay, nn the River of Dun-
or late in the possession of Mrs.' Mary
rinle ; and to repeal, alter, or the Irish
Cith-Western Railway (Quay Extension) Act, 1863 ; to
sfer ta and 'vest in the n ndalk and Greenore Railway
aera,,,aY (hereinafter called the Company),,as part of their
risodbakinl', the said Railway or Tramway (No. 2), authe-
-- hY the
thous e Irish North-Western Railway Act, 1862, and
t},,„ ,orks and conveniences connected therewith, and also
~._-4ailway and Works authorised by the Irish North-
kneL"'nx Railway. (Quay Extension) Act, 1863, (Lod all
and *property acquired by the Irish North-Western
er eiwtha_Y Company-under or by virtue bf the said two Acts,
,er of them; for the purposes of 'the said Railways
`,l Works • respectively, and .all contracts and agrees
rights powers, and privileges of thb Irish North-
atern Railway Company, in respect of the said railways
land,7°Jks, whether with referencia to the acquisition of
andlne construction of works, the levying of tolls, rates,
data_es, or otherwise ; and to disehorg. sad release-the'
DAtiwiweioioagyi from sll%,conib
via --ht.em;;nts-iskstseeverrovitli resneCrW
PLale said Rail-`
Werk,,, or any part thereof
fella° liOwer the Company to make and maintain the
thei.7,lllg Railways, or either of them, or any part or parts
mai °I, with all necessary and proper stations, approaches,-
litiths'r sidings, works, and conveniences connected there-
-1.• esPectiyely, that is to say--
latid"--4 Railway or Tramway commencing in the town-
eoo,4°' Marshes Lower, in the parish of Dundalk and
°f Louth, by a Junction with the Irish North-
clanjern Railway, at or near the goods store at the Dun-
to terminus of such railway, and terminating in the
0,.`"-liand of Town arks, in the same parish and county, at
?or near the western end of the quay, on the River of Dun-
. usually called Russell's Quay, now belonging to the
osh
liaii,„-`l°rth-Western Railway Company, which intended.
th o„'"a7 or Tramway will -be made or pass from, in,
Tor,,-",,gn, or into the said townlands of Marshes Lower and
Bliore"P,arks, in the parish of Dundalk, and the bed or
2 °,,1 the River of Dundalk.
Railway commencing in the said townland of
atith,narKs and parish of Dundalk, by a Junction with the
j'ed Dundalk Quay Extension Railway, of the Irish
ya;4B"•Western RaHlwaY- company, at a point twelve
of th fa' thereabouts, north-west of the northern come!
oatio6o. Steam Packet Stores, on George's-quay, and te.rmit -
Irest a In the said 'townland and parish, at or nem he
atid „6,." of the Dundalk Steam Packet Company's Quay,
er near the northern end of that Company's office
made vdlieh said intended Railway and Works will be
-3 °r Pass from, in, through, or into the said several
To,„„ands parishes, extra-parochial and other plaees of
e-rk's, Dundalk, and the bed and shore of the Dun-
Tver.
Coinn`i it is intended by the said Bill to confer upon the
fell,;„,''a,nY all necessary powers for effecting the purposes
I,o',llg.(that is to say) :-
to th deviate laterally from the tines of the intended works
kad extent shown on the plans hereinafter mentioned,
the 'lBO to deviate vertically from the levels as shown on
,raeetions hereinafter mentioned.
PerZemas, stop up, alter, or divert, either temporarily or
Path "enti V, any turnpike or other roads, highways, foot-
stre„' streC'ts, railways, tramways, canals, aqueducts,
eOll-;r", rivers, bridges, sewers, drains, ways,. and w.ater-
to,,,n within or adjoining to the aforesaid parishes.
thsnrlands, and extra-parochial and other places, orany of
or d' which it may be necessary to cross, stop up, alter,
ttfo,e've,rt for the purposes of any of the intended works
sald, or of the intended Bill.
11043 Purchase by compulsion and by agreement lands,
works' and hereditaments for the purposes of the intended
er b,a",...,nt1rl of the Bill, and to vary or extinguish any rights
clitrydees connected with such lands, houses, and here-
a,4ments
~1 •
said • ?vY tolls, rates, and duties upon or in respect of the
Ih, dinended Railways and Works, to alter the tolls which
Pas, 2mPanY and the Irish North-Western Railway Copi-
aath'o":sPectively aro authorised to take on their. respective
tines lines, and to confer, vary, or extinguish Fxemp-
to s„Pni the payment of such tolls, rates, and duties, and
-nuer' varY, or extinguish other rights and privileges.
1401.1,sPPIY to the purposes of the proposed Railways and
Oanln and of the Bill, any pact of the funds which the
rebe ranY are now authorised to raise, and which may not
takicluired for the purposes of their now authorised under-
for tl" and to enable the Company to raise further money
tan Alp
(,y
the, Purposes of the Bill, and of their undertaking gene-
of suu creation of now shares and stock in the Com-
~4,nd (if the Company think fit) toattach to s.ll or any
tepo,ll new shares or stock or preference or priority of. in -
.A,ol:t or dividend, and other special privileges ; to bop ow
~,,,eitnorn?msotoretgk.age or otherwise, and to create and issue
4,,
't Is also intended by the said Bill
ere i.,),•rrPeal, or alter all such parts of the Newry and Green-
Wayel a,i'lwaY Act, 1863, and the Nwry and Greenore
ther urther Powers Act, 1865, e
as relate to the works
taitt4 referred to as the " joint works," and the Com 7
stilee therein called "the Greonore Works Committee, '
lkusetr? enable the Company to exercise and enjoy all
oblie;7l rights and privileges, and to perform and fulfil all
Its3,b;iguis and liabilities of the Newry and Greonore Rail-
eithe, °lnPlny, and of the Greenore Works Committee, or
To °I them, with reference to the said joint works.
atali.,veat in the Company all lands and property or rights
anal6lterests therein acquired by or vested in the Newry
eotiuj'enore Railway Company or the Greenore Works
owittee, for the purposes of the said joint works, and to
and ) er the Company to pay and refund to the Newry
by tial-ref'nore Railway Company all moneys contributed
TO C(npany for the purposes of the said joint works.
Pars; ernPower the Newry and Greenore Railway Corn-
Oarvt„andl persons and Corporations using their Rail-
t:ici run over, work, and use, with their Engines and
resi„,'.ges, and for the purposes of their traffic of every de-
ia ti;"°.,!,!, the portion of Railways and the Pier and Works
gal 61
-Newry and Greonore Railway Act, 1863, described
Ntireferred to as "the Joint Works," together with all
karps, roads, platforms, water, water-engines, sidings,
iiil(‘ 'limey, works, and conveniences connected therewith,
11;0 such terms and conditions as shall be defined by the
trance as (failing agreement) shall be determined by arbi-
asal°„ll or otherwise; and also to empower the Dundalk
Greenore Railway Company, and the Newry and
tol?enore Railway Company, or either of them, to levy
eolla, rates, and duties in respect of passengers and traffic
alteveYed over the before-mentioned joint. works, and to
{herr the tolls, rates, and duties now authorised to be taken
e,?,rßenn, and to provide that the Company, and their offi-
fasiiPd servants, shall afford and reader all services
foeasarnd
e-
Bsid 'ea requisite for giving full effect to the power
aßto° enable the Company to purchase by compulsion or
lands Tent, and to vest in the Company all slob and other
"'ate "etween high and low water-marks, and below low
titklir-nlark. situate at or near Greenore Point and Mullatee,
ps- or
adjoining the townland of Greenore and Mullatee,
~c)f thte,--,er, of them which may be required for the purposes
nail,,;ll3int Works' mentioned in the Newry and Greenore
Niaio'ntY Act, 1863, and to remove doubts and make pro-
respecting the title to such slob and other lands.
,„. 0 ern
s.'itest. Power the Company to enter into and carry into
,laeai; and from time to time alter and vary contracts, agree-
-`loilv",-.'„ and arrangements, with the Irish North-Western
11a ijw'Y Company, and the London and North-Western
thaaY eompany' or either of them, for or with reference
sou,' nonstructio4, maintenance, working, and using, by
lvayenr either of the contracting Companies, of the Rail-
A illZad works authorised by the Dundalk and Greenore
get ;I Act, 1863, and to be authorised by the intended
11,tes°-},nnY part orparts thereof, and with reference to the
°lt% strange, regulation manturement, collection, transmis-
i"d delivery of' the traffic thereon, the supply and
tLenauce of
engines, stock, and plant, the fixing collec-
the 03431'10rd, "son appropriation, and distribution of
traolls and othiverii
income and profits arising from such
4titholand the employment of officers and servants, and to
'44 6.180 the appointment of a Joint Committee of the
,°„n'plinies, or any two of them, for carrying into
Confiratichil"erY or any such agreement as aforesaid, and to
anY agreements which have been, or may be made
To ,g• any of the matters aforesaid.
icsetot,o-otn, Power the London and
.North-Western Railway
t0"1144,t9 take and hold shares in and subscribe towards
'4137 I-siring of the Company, and for those purposes
t„id94rte,hall7.,,..,:antYernpaßailway
he funds which the London and
Company are n
DIV
emthpowiseerdedunto-
etak'" Which are not required for their au or . _
Lib •
nay and to raise further moneys bthe creation of
shares
or stock in their undertaking,
.with or without
nd rence or priority in payment of interest or
Other • •
1,("- nao , privileges attached thereto, and by borrow
a, I:10h r‘gaze or otherwise, and also to empower the
,Zeet's,-„ and North-Western Railway Company to vote at
s,-{erelf6B of the Company, and to appoint Directors of and
`joasp'ttste other poweisand privileges with reference to the
o Y.
„rY or extinguish all rights and privileges which
aticirtinight in any way interfere with the objects of the
Aleges° Confer, vary, or extinguish other rights and
•
it is •
e fintended (so far as may be necessary or desir-
lePe,al ihaonY of the purposes of the said Bill) to. amend or
0111, 0 Provisions of the several Acts of Parliament fol-
kreenor r some of them,-that is to say, The Dundalk and
1111 a,.;°,. railway Act, 1863, and 8 & 9 Vict., cap. 96 ; 10
ettp. 65; 13 14 Vict., cap. 76: 15 Viet., cap.
eap.l?,,Vict.,los; 20 & 21 Vict.,
Vict27l 1
,‘2l
rq,.26 & 23 Viet.,
"pi.sl and;2BlcVict ,
a,,i111) to `‘, Vict., cap. 23 cap. 253,
; asp
27
R m ln • 15,, 8 -„.1.0e Irish North-W estern ai way o y
15s' -17 Y, let., caps. 36, 37, 43, 105, 111, 112,123, la 6, and
262, 182 "rts cap. 67 ; 9 & 10 Viet., caps. 80, 82,
Bs,l, 184-,,199, 193, 201, 231, 232, 233, 241, 248. 259,
380' 26;', 300, 309, 322. 323, 324, 328. 331, 359, 368,
"o' 120, 396 ; 10 & 11 Vict., caps. 73. 107, 114,
j, 278 `,l. 131, 132, 139, 159, 161, 178, 188, 228, 238,
28'3, t- 291; 11 & 12 Vict., caps. 58. 60, Sr 130; 12
17'0 ke-i- cap. 74 ; 13 & 14 Viet., cap. 36; 14 Vict., cap.
Viet„ cap 94: 15 Vict., caps. 98 and 105; 16 &
19 jet' ~.-aPs• 97, 110, 157, 160, 161. 205, 216, and 222 ; 17 &
4b (t, 20 Vic" 2o and 204 ; 18 & 19 Viet., caps. 172 and 194 ;
1,10 a ; caps. 52, 69, and 123; 20 & 21 Viet., caps. 64, 98,
88, 22 Viet., ps
ca. 130 and 131 ; 22 & 23 Vict., ca ps.
sai`ci 79 24-'l3, 121, 126, and 134 ; 23 and 24 Vi ct., caps. 77
148 ,223 • 2sand 25 Vict., caps. 66, 110, 123, 128, 130, 20A,
a4-k1;7" and 26 V, caps.7B, 98, 104, 118,
'. 5, 1.08.6,
.1.94, 198, 900, 208 and 209 ; 26 and 27 Vict.,
110' 2,63, 2731-'„7, 208, and 217 ; 27 and 28 Viet., caps 191,
oat,' 193 24' 4,88, and 296 ; 28 and 29 Vict., caps. 22, 72,
tang laa' '67, 316, 333, and 334 ; and 29 and 30 Viet.,
141 g to , 168, 189, 190, 233, 219, 276, 284, and 311, m-
y ;and a London and North-Western Railway Com-
`6 and 27 Viet., cap. 229 ; '27 and 28 Vict., cap.

The great difference of opinion which still exists
between Earl Spencer Sbpeendceetreramndintehde inhabitants istri
ttsiloif
ble don
which is about to come on ; while the dwellers near
Blackheath will shortly call a local meeting, at
which members of the Commons Preservation Com-
mittee will attend to proffer explanations and
advice. In all cases, the central society aims at
stimulating local public spirit; and its usefulness
consists in promoting the objects of Mr. Cowper's
Act more efficiently than can be done by any exist-
ing organisation. The great desideratum is to pre-
' snenr
tv e
merelythe open
of s ptabcoess nel ai
uLgo n
neard o n f
tobr e trub
bbenefit
smoke-dried Londoners themselves. It is well
known that many waste lands have been enclosed
through the apathy and ignorance of those dwell-
ing in their vicinity, which would be priceless as
open spaces now. Mr. Cowper's Act, and the vigi-
lance of the Preservation Society, are designed to
prevent these enclosures for the future, and while
the latter encourages the formation of, and iuvitcs
co-operation with local committees for the same end,
it is especially anxious to embody in its ranks all
interested in the health and wellbeing of the com-
munity.

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF A7.TS.

-

A very interesting paper was read on Wednesday
night by Mr. W. Hawes, in the room of the Royal
Society, to a numerous audience, " On the Effects
of Limited Liability Partnership on the Progress of
Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce." The chair
was taken by Sir RouudJl Palmer, late Attorney-
General.

Mr. HawEs, after alluding to the vast importance
of the subject he had taken in hand, observed that
the most striking instances in times past of
such chartered partnerships or corporations, were
those of the New Diver Company, established in
the reign of James the First, to provide the
metropolis with pure water; and the Bank of Eng-
land, established in 1694, to conduct large monetary
op 'rations, the object of both being the improve-
mente
and of the
nations. East
respectively
e The principle
and advancement of our social and trading in-
terestsde
ti
cy te
Company,
lncieof
the Hudson's Bay Company, and the Hamburg
colonies,
Trading atCb
andforeign
Company,
p establishedyears 1806, 1809, and to conduct and stimulate the
trade, then in its infancy, with our depend en cie,
limited liability, as applied to tradingcompanies. .
is
not, therefore, new to this
country. The second
class, or the association of two or more
individuals, for a common purpose, and with
unlimited liability, has, however, always formed
the ordinary type of
partnerships under which the
great bulk of the business of the
country has been
conducted. In such
partnerships each partner was
liable, to the full extent
of
his fortune, for the debts
contracted by the company or firm of which he was
a member, but the difficulty which frequently arose
in determining who were partners led to constant
litigation. Having given a long and interesting
account of the working and operations of the pre-
sent law, he next called attention to the improve-
ments which had been effected of late years, by
which employers are enabled to appropriate some
portion of their annual profits to workmen, either in
lieu of or in addition to wages, without any of the
complications of partnership, or the necessity of con-
verting private partnerships into public companies.
The advantages, then, of association and co-opera-
tion classes. The more wealthy
can are now open to all
can unite to conduct large monetary and commer-
cial undertakings, the shares of which may be of a
high denomination ; the middle classes, including
the members of all professions, can unite in manu-
facturing and trading industries, to their mutual
benefit, and that a large class of producers who de-
Pend on weekly wages may combine to obtain at
the cheapest rate and of the best quality a supply of
the necessaries of life, and a fair and legitimate mode
of infimmcing the rate of wages never before open
to them. But whatever might be the pecuniary
advantages derived by individuals from association
underlimited liability, those to be derived by work-
men, and through them by the State, either by their
becoming shareholders in the large establishments
where they are employed, or by their receiving by
special agreement a certain portion of the net pro-
fit, after the payment of proper interest on the capi-
tal and salaries to the partners, are of far greater
moment. In fact, the mode of remuneration will
strike at the root of the evils of trades unions—that is
so far as they are directed to restrictions on labour.
If every man, in addition to his wages, is a partner in
the profits of the works in which he is employed,
and is made to feel how much profits are decreased
by any undue interference with the freedom of labour,
and that his half-yearly bonus is lessened by such
interference, he will soon become, if
not an oppo-
nent of restrictive trade regulations, a very luke-
warm supporter of them, and an unwilling sub-
scriber to the funds of associations
which directly
reduce his receipts with very small prospective, if
any, advantage. Ihe hon. gentleman then entered
into an interesting account of the working of these
co-operative societies, and
concluded by saying that
if, by affording facilities for the establishment of
co-partnerships in industry,
or for the appropriation
of a certain per centage of profits of ordinary part-
nerships under the Act of 1865, to all
engaged in
producing manufactured articles, whether it be by
the reproduction of cheap works of art, or by the
importation of raw materials from foreign countriea,
greater results can be obtained than by adhering to
the old plan of allowing all classes of producers to
work each in their own circle, and striving for their
own personal ends only, that Sy stem of legislation
which has inaugurated such a change in the rela-
tions of capital and labour will rank foremost
amongst those to which this • country will be in-
debted for the future prosperity of its arts, manu-
factures, and commerce.
An interesting discussion followed, and the pro-
. ceedings terminated at ten o'clock.

There were happily no deaths from cholera or
diarrhoea registered in London on Wediaetday: