The Sun.
London, England, 1835-12-07 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICAN TRADE.

A commercial question of some moment as regards the
tra'!e with South America through Jam Lica is at present
under discussion. It was stated some time ago that the
Legislature of Jamaica, who have been depriv,ed by the
emancipation of the slaves of the poll-tax, which formed a
large part of their internal resources, awl have, on the
other hand, been burdened with a considerable additional
charge for the maintenance of the constabulary force, had
determined on supplying the deficiency and p,lyino- the ex-
tra charge by a tax on all goods imported into the island.
The measure then failed, but it is about to be brought for-
ward again with more vigour, and the parties are sanguine
of success. The merchants, on their part, are preparing to
make a strenuous opposition to it. The argument on their
case embraces so many points of important consideratiou ra-
garding the national interests generally, that it well deserves
to be given in detail. They state that
" As the United States of America and different States of
Europe, particularly the latter, are making rapid alvances in
manufactures, any tax on the export of British goods to fo-
reign markets is a bonus to foreign competition.
" The port of Kingston, in Jamaica, is principally used as
an entrepot for the supply of the different possessions in the
West Indies belonging to Spain, for South America, includ-
ing Colombia, and for places across the Isthmus of Darien.
"In those countries the British manufacturer is already
met and beaten, for many articles, by foreign competition, and
if the foreign purchasers who now go to Jamaica and who have
to pay the charges of their fright and insurance for the carriage
of their goods from Jamaica to their respective ports will have
to pay any duty the consequence will be a greater demand at
their hands for the goods of foreign manufacturers. Thus not
only will the trade through Jamaica be lost to this country, but
encouragement will be given to foreigners, who are already
making rapid strides, and increased capital which must follow
that encouragement, the only want that foreigners feel, will
enable them to increase the supply, and finally drive tho Bri-
tish trader out of the market."

The chief difficulty which appears to present itself on the
other side is that of supplying by any other means than
tax proposed, the deficiencies of the Jamaica revenue. It.
is contended, however, that as the expenses incurred are
almost wholly for the agricultural interest, they would with
much greater propriety fall on the planters than on the trade
of the colony with the mother country, especially when
such important consequences are involved in the change.
It has been suggested, therefore, that every estate shall
pay a land-tax equivalent to the amount of poll-tax it used
to pay ; that all articles of provisions impacted shall pay a
-duty, in order to compel the consumers, the manumitted
negroes, to bear a share of the public burdens ; and also,:
that, for the sake of encouraging the manufacture in the

the island of certain articles, a duty of 10 per cent. should
be imposed on their importation.
It is- well urged that, leaving the injury to the •British
manufacturer out of the question, the trade of the island
must suffer by the proposed tax on imports, as the ships
which convey its produce to Great Britain will demand an
increased freight, as the British manufactures sent for the
foreign trade pay, in their outward freight, great part of
the contingencies of each voyage. The influx of money to
Kingston from foreigners, it is also remarked, supplies the
planters with inearfs of paying their contingencies, by the
sale of their bills at high premiums, generally as much as 20
per cent., which reduces the expenses of their estates by one-

The imposition of such a duty as that alluded to cannot
be made absolutely valid without the concurrence of the
Government at home, but it might be placed in a very em-
barrassing situation by any obstinate determination oa
the part of the Jamaica Legislature, which it is ear-
nestly desired to avert by arguments tending to show the
impolicy and injurious nature of the duty proposed. The
dislike of the Jamaica planters to taxation is, however, so
strong, that it will evidently require measures of peculiar
force and efficacy to overcome it.—lllorning Paper.

THE ARCTIC LAND EXPEDITION.

With the return of Captain Back from the Arctic
Laud ' Expedition our readers are already acquainted.
The following particulars are copied from the Kentish
Observer :

" Captain Bad( having passed through the country in a

light canoe, reached England in September last, when he
was almost immediately made Post Captain by an Ord6r in
Council.

" Mr. Richard King, the surgeon and naturalist, who
accompanied the expedition, did not arrive until the 27th
of October. Ile had been left. by Captain Back at winter
quarters in March last, with the responsibility of conveying
the heavy baggage of the expedition to York Factory, Hud-
son's Bay.
"By the Transactions of the Geographical Society,'
we learn that in June, 1833, he commanded too heavily-
laden boats, navigated by 16 men, from Norway-house to
the eastern extremity of the Great Slave Lake. The
manner in which he acquitted hhnself of this charge (for a
portion of the cargo consisted of 60 bags of pemmican, a
very, perishable article, upon the safe delivery of which de-
pended the success of the voyage,- and, as it turned out,
the lives of the whole party), proved that he was fully
competent to the undertaking.
" The eastern .extremity of the Slave Lake does not
break up before the middle of July, too late for reaching
York FaCory in time for the
_sailing of the Fur Company's
vessel. 'To prevent, therefore, his wintering again in the
country, it was necessary to commence a most active, and
we believe unprecedented, line of operations. The scat-
tered position of the men delayed him at Fort Reliance
till the 17th of April ; and between that period and the
10th of June, he had to build a boat, and transport a
weight of between 4,0001 b. and 5,00011). on sledges, across
nearly the whole line of the Great Slave Lake.
" When this was accomplished,' another obstacle had yet
to be overcome—we mean Portage La Loche. Here he
had to drag the boat, with her appurtenances, and all the
heary'baggage, not only over 13 miles of ground, but up
a precipice of more than a thousand feet, consisting of a
succession of eight hills, almost perpendicular. He hoped
j to meet some of the Indians who usually resort to that
territory, but it was not so, and although the undertak-
ing was both formidable and hazardous, he determined to
try the 'strength of his own crew of eleven men. After
almost continued exertion for twenty-four hours, the diffi-
culty was surmounted.

" The 'slender materials of his craft had consequently
thus far been a blessing ; but the dangerous route, from
Lake Winnipeg to York Factory made him tremble for the
consequences; yet no accident occurred beyond the occa,
sional breaking of the boat.

" Considering that the collection of specimens commenced
after the departure of Captain Back, and during the heavy
duty imposed upon him, his exertions in that way were very
successful ; for being bound to take, at Fort Resolution,
provision for himself and crew, to last three months, he
could only, as it became consumed, find room for specimens
of natural history. Yet he contrived to carry to York
Factory a boat-load of these valuables. Two live marmots

have been presented by him to the Zoological Gardens,
Regent.park. The little travellers have, since March,
passed from the Columbia river tbrouzh the rock moun-
tains by the Peace River, Lakes Athalasea and Winnipeg,
to-`Hudson's Bay, whence they were embarked for England.
The'number of portages they had to be carried over, and
the constant care necessary for their existence, made this by
no means a common undertaking."

' CAPTAIN NTAR!tYATT'S FRANK MILDMAY; OR
THE NAVAL OfrieEn.—Of this work a leading journalist
observes :—"Pur Naval Officer sketches his life and ad-
ventures almost with the naivete and candour of -Rousseau
in his " Confessions ;" but his adventures are infinitely
more numerous and diversified. Commencing with his
boyish days, and his midshipman's berth, we are carried
tin ough calm and hurricane, in all quartzrs of the globe ;
we are mixed in fights, from the ad% enturous and desperate
boarding expedition, to the scientific battle of fleets, and
from the action purely naval, to the mixed service in
which the sailor becomes amphibious, defending forts as he
would a .maintop, and swimming off, when beaten, to his
ship, as be would descend from a tottering mast by a haul-
yard or backstay. We shall not be surprised if this pro-
duction of Captain Marryat becomes even more popular
than his " Jacob Faithful," or his " Peter Simple ;" for it
ought to be the future vale-mecum of every midshipman on
his entering the service. And, moreover, unlike this au-
thor's other works, Frank Mildmay,' can be purchased
complete, in Colburn's Novelists,' for the trifling sum of
six shillings, being not more than one-fifth of the original
price."
HYDROPHOBIA —A large dog, belonging to Mr.
Cartwright, shoe manufacturer, of Stafford, on Wednes-
day morning last bit a boy in Mr. Cartwright's employ in
the muscular part of the arm, above the elbow, and imme-
diately ran off, and was not heard of until the afternoon,
when be was discovered worrying several cows at Aston,
about a mile from Stafford. A hue and cry was raised,
and the dog was shot.—Shrewsbury Chronicle.
HOAX.—Tuesday afternoon, as the different mail
coaches were assembled at the usual hour, in the Post-
office yard, ready, on receiving the mail, to proceed
to their various destinations, the driver of the Derry
mail, perched on his box, and muffled up, prepared to
bide the pelting storm, heard a noise behind as if the mail
bags were being put up in their proper place. In a minute
after he sung out " Is all right?" and " all right" was
promptly responded. In an instant off dashed the tits at
the. usual spanking pace, until reaching Blessington-street,
where a passenger was luckily to be taken up, when on
stopping and calling to the guard, poor coachee found that
be had been " going it" all alone as to guard or mail. He,
of Course, found thathe -had been the dupe of ;onto wag
in the yard, and instantly tqrp.o heads once
more to the Post,offlee, where all being set right, he re-
sumed his journey —Dublin Freeman's Journal.

PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.

BY THE KING.—APROCLAMATION.
" WILLIAM R.—Whereas our Parliament stands pro•
rogued to Thursday, the 17th day of this instant Decem-
ber • we, with the advice of our Privy Council, do hereby
`publish and declare that the said Parliament shall bo fnr•
ther prorogued on the said 17th day of. this instant De-
cember, to Thursday, the 4th day of February next ; and
we have given orders to our Lords Commissioners of am
Great Seal of that part of our United Kingdom,- culled
Great Britain, to p epare a commission for proroguing
the same accordingly.
" And we do further hereby, with the advice aforesaid,
declare our Royal will and p!easuro, that the said Par-
liament shall, on the said 4th day of February next, r.:-
semble and be holden for the dispatch of divers urgent
and important affairs. And the Lords Spiritual and Tc,a-
poral, and the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, and the
Commissioners of Shires and Boroughs of the House of
Commons, are hereby required and commanded to give
their attendance accordingly at Westminster, on the said
4th day of February next.
" Given at our Court at Brighton, the 4th day of 'De-
cember, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, and in
the sixth year of our reign.—God save the King.".
UNI

VERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, DEC. s.—Thursday the follon,ing Degrees were
conferred :

MASTERS OF ARTS. •
Rev. Henry James Legge, St. A7.ban Hall.
Rev. Edward Protheroc Vaugh..n, Balliol.
Rev. William Ward Fowler, Pembroke.
BACHELORS OF ARTS. -
CharleS Duke Yonge, St. )4ary llall.'
Morris Williams, Jesus.
Ilenry John Tooze, Brazen-Nose.
Thomas Hoekley, Wadham,
William Cecil Fowle, Wadhara.
Louis Woolcombe, Scholar of Pembroke.
James NVilliams, Pembroke.
Edward Cane, Scholar of Trinity;
ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.
The Rev. George Reece, M.A., has been presented to
the Vicarage of Mathon, in the county of Worcester ; pa-
trons, the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.
The Rev. T. D. West, 8.A., to the Vicarage of Rush-
mere, with the Perpetual Curacy of Playford, Suffolk, va-
cant by the resignation of the Rev. Charles Day, LL.D.
The Rev. G. H. Bosanquet, of St. John's College, to
the Rectory of Ilketshall, Suffolk ; patron, the King.