The Sun.
London, England, 1835-03-25 00:00:00

Z-bA;

LONDON.
WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 25, 1835.

of the cultivator of the soil, which the tithe-owner
steps in for so large a share of, that when the
tithe is fully exacted, it frequently absorbs the
whole of the tenant's profit. This is especially the
case where great and expensive improvements, such
as draining, inclosing, &c., are made ; or where crops
attended with a great outlay of capital or expense of
cultivation are grown, as in the case of hops, vegetables,
and fruit. It is this which chiefly prevents Commuta-
tion, and if some provision be not made to arbitrate

between the two parties, and to prevent such exactions
on the part of the tithe owners, Commutation will
never become general. The question can never be
settled with justice, without having some reference to
what would have been the value of the produce in the
original and natural state of the soil.
It will also be found necessary to include the price
of meat, butter, cheese, &c., as well as of grain, in fixing
the amount of the Commutation ; inasmuch as they
enter largely into the value of tithe, and in grazing
districts forms almost the only basis for it.

A slight squabble took place last night in the
House of Lords between the Duke of RICHMOND
and Lord BROUGHAM, originating in some rather ca-
valier remarks made by his Grace on what he termed
the Noble Lord's propensity to make long speeches.
The sarcasm would have been an effective one, had
it been applied to such an orator as the Earl of ABER-
DEEN, who is at times prosy and long-winded to a de-
gree passing mortal endurance; but it glanced off harm-
less from Lord BROUGHAM. A long speech from
him is as acceptable as a short one from the Duke of
BUCKINGHAM, for the one is as full fraught with
eloquence as the other destitute of it.

We have received Canada Papers, containing a re-
port of the Speech of his Excellency the Governor
of Lower Canada, on opening the House of Assembly.
This document, an extract from which is annexed,
is destitute of all intelligence of a really impor-
tant nature, beyond what has been for several months
before the public. We cannot find fault with the
Governor for the meagreness of his speech. He
states that the commencement of the Session was
in post-
poned, 3
oruer to receive insts uctiwn from the Home Go-
vernment, and that he was constrained, after consider-
able delay, to open the
want of suppli, session in consequence of a
....s--none having been voted during the
last Se$:;;Ion. The following comprises all that is
deserving of attention in his Excellency the Go-
vernorls Speech :
" It was my intention to meet you on the day appointed by
Royal Proclamation of the 16th Dec., 1834, for the assem-
bling of the Provincial Parliament.
" I have already received some important communications
upon the subject deeply affecting the vital interest of the pro-
vince, which for some months past have engaged the serious
attention of his Majesty's Government; and in relation to
which it was desirable that I should be in possession of their
instructions, previous to the meeting of the Provincial Parlia-
ment. When the official intelligence reached me of a change
having taken place in his Majesty's Councils, whereupon
the meeting of the Provincial Parliament was postponed
to the present time, in order to afford time for the
receipt of the instructions to which I have just alluded,
the transmission of those instructions which have not been re-
ceived by me, and although I still consider it desirable that
I should have possession of them previous to the assembling
of the provincial Parliament, I have nevertheless judged it ex-.
pedient to call you together, under the apprehension that the
public service might be exposed to serious inconveniences by
further delay.
" I have received from his Majesty's Government official in-
formation of the passing of a Bill in the Imperial Parliament,
relating to the Post Office department in His Majesty's domi-
nions in North America, and I received at the same time the
draft of a Bill in relation to that department, to be submitted
to your consideration, which shall be done at an early period
of the present session.
" Previous to the opening of the navigation of the river St.
Lawrence, in the spring of last year, I deemed it expedient
to re-establish the quarantine station at Grape Isle. I will at
an early period of the session bring under your notice the
measures which were adopted and acted npon during the two
preceding seasons, and subsequently sanctioned by the two
branches of the Legislature in the last session, and the session
before that. The failure of the Supply Bill in the session
before last, the separation of the Legislature after the last ses-
sion, without having passed any Bill of Supply, and the inade-
quacy of the fund for defraying the expenses of the Civil Govern-
ment and the administration of justice, to effect more than the
payment of a limited proportion of these expences, could not fail
to create the most serious embarrassment in carrying on the or-
dinary operations of Government ; under these circumstances,
it was deemed expedient by his Majesty's Government to di-
rect the issue, from the military chest, of a sum equal to
31,000/. sterling, for the purpose of mitigating the embar-
rassments, by the payment of part of the salaries and con-
tingent allowances of the Judges, and other public officers of
the Crown, who, in consequence of the non-payment of their
salaries and contingent allowances, had been suffering ex-
treme distress and serious inconveniencies ; and his Majesty's
Government feel convinced that out of the supplies which
they trust will be voted by the legislature of Lower Canada,
the advance of the military chest will be cheerfully repaid."
To the Gentlemen of the House of Assembly he recom-
, mends their early consideration of making provision for the
repayment of the advance from the military chest equal to the
sum of 31,000/., and the accounts of the expenditure of the
year ending 11th October last, with an estimate of the ex-
penses for the current year, will be laid before them at an early
period of the Session.
Mr. Cambreling—As soon as the Speech had been read,
said he was instructed by the Committee of Foreign Affairs
to offer certain Resolutions. The first declared that it was in-
consistent with the rights and honour of the United States for
them to negotiate in relation to the convention of July 1831,
and that its execution should be insisted upon as well
as its ratification ; that preparations ought to be made to meet
any emergency growing out of the relations with France.
The next resolution was in effect to discharge the Committee
from the further consideration of that part of the President's
Message which relates to the subject of reprisals, and of com-
mercial restrictions, which were to have been reported on the
20th, but which report was deferred in consequence of the re-
ception of news from France on that day.
The Message was referred to the Committe of Foreign
Relations.

The measure proposed by Sir It. PEEL for the
commutation of Tithes in England and Wales formed
the chief subject of last night's business in the House
of Commons. From what we can collect from the
Right Honourable Gentleman's speech, and from his
replies to the varicus questions which were subse-
quently put to him, the most important features of his
Bill will be the following :---Having found that 2,000
parishes had already agreed to a voluntary commuta-
tion of Tithes, notwithstanding the great expense of
Acts of Parliament which they were now subjected
to, and being duly impressed with the difficulties
of compulsory Commutation, he was induced to begin
by trying the principle of voluntary Commutation,
to which he would afford every possible facility
and inducement. To effect this, he proposed to sub
ject the superintendence of the whole measure to a
Commission in London, consisting of three members,
two of whom should be appointed by the Crown, and
the other by the Archbishop of CANTERBURY, and
who should also appoint Assistant Commissioners to
act in case of necessity, or of difficulty of adjustment.
The tithe-payers (the landowners) and the tithe-
owners in every parish should be invited to meet, to
effect a voluntary Commutation, and a Sub-Com-
missioner should be sent down, as amicus curice,
whenever it was found necessary, to explain the law,
and assist in making an amicable adjustment. If two-
thirds of the tithe-payers in number and value acceded to a
proposition which was accepted by the titheowners, it
was to become binding on the parish, if sent up duly
attested to the Commissioners in London, and agreed
to by them. The consent of the Bishop of the dio-
cese was not to be necessary. The amount of Com-
mutation would depend upon a corn-rent, which corn-
rent would be regulated every seven or ten years by
the prices of barler, oats, and wheat, to be taken at
the average of the seven or ten years preceding. Any
questions or differences which might arise respecting
the assessment, or the modus (where one existed in
the parish), were to be referred to the Commissioners.
Land might still be apportioned in lieu of tithes, if
with the consent of both parties. The amount of the
Commutation might be enforced by an action, or by
distress, or by summary proceeding; and in under-leases
the lessor would receive it from his lessee, and pay it
over to the head landlord. The operation of this Bill
was to be bullied to five years.
The majority of the Members who spoke objected
to Cie principle of voluntary Commutation as one
which would never be generally acted upon, from the
great difference of opinion between the payer and re-
ceiver of tithe as to its actual value. This is our own
impression ; but considering the great practical dif-
ficulties which doubtless surround the settlement of
this important question, we should be inclined to
concur in a trial of voluntary Commutation before
resorting to compulsory means, if it were not at-
tended with so long a delay. To postpone for five
years the cure of so great an evil as the present sys-
tem of tithes, is a course which. nothing but ne-
cessity can warrant. We are well aware that
the Commutation of tithes could not be effected
in England with as little difficulty as was
found to attend a similar measure in ScOtland 200
years ago, because the system'Of cultivation in the
latter country was then uniform and simple, while that
of England is now become extremely various and arti-
ficial. The chief difficulty, howeVer, of,arriving at an
amicable settlement of the subject proceeds from the
frequent attempt of the tithe owner to exact the full
amount of tithe, or as large a one as he, can,
.upon
what we may call the artificial produce of land. We
allude to the produce arising from a large outlay of,
capital, and from the superior intelligence and industry

A New York Paper, of the 7th of April, has been
received at the North and South American Coffee-
House, by which we learn that the PRESIDENT sent a
message to the Conaress9 on the subject of the rela-
tions with France. The reading of the paper excited
deep attention : it is exceedingly long, and the princi-
pal point in it is as follows :
" It will be seen that I have deemed it my duty to instruct
Mr. Livingston to quit France with his Legation, and return
to the United States, if an aprropriation for the fulfilment of
the Convention shall be refused by the Chambers. The sub-
ject being now in all its present aspect before the Congress,
whose right it is to decide what measures are to be pursued,
in that event, I deem it unnecessary to make any farther re-
commendation, being confident that on this point everything
will be done to maintain the rights and honour of this country
which the occasion requires.

(Signed) " ANDREW JACKSON.
" Washington, Feb. 28."

• We have received the whole of the Paris papers
of Monday, both morning and evening. The Gazette
de France says that M. THIERS is labouring under a
disorder in the throat, which threatens him with
dumbness.

The preparations for the trials are still going on.
On Sunday at midnight the KING set out for Fontain-
bleau ; but the occasion of his going had not tran-
spired. Previous to his departure from the Tuileries,
several Members of the Cabinet were in attendance.

Letters from Madrid of the 13th instant, published
in the French papers state the new appointment of
DON FACIENDO INFANTE to the post of Under
Secretary of State in the War Department. M. IN-
FANTE was the friend and companion, in exile, of
MANZANARES and the unfortunate TORRIJOS.

The same Journals further state that M. Jauge had
just set out for London, and that the object of his
journey is to concert with the house of GOWER and
Co. the emission of Coupons, of a new loan for the
service of Don CARLOS ; and that M. D. HABER
who is now in London, will continue to take part in
the emission of this Loan. We believe it is quite
unnecessary for us to put the public upon its guard
respecting this loan, should it be negotiated here or
elsewhere. We have had enough of Spanish loans
already—by far too much, to be made the dupes of a
traitor to his Sovereian and his country.

It is stated that two of the prisoners of St. Pelagic

TEE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 1835.

have made choice of DANIEL O'CoNNELL, M. Es
and the Abbe DE LA MENNAIS as their Counsel, be-
fore the Chamber of Peers. The appearance of the
Honourable and Learned Member for Dublin, before
such an Assembly, would not be very grateful either to
the Judges, or to the CITIZEN KINGS But we hardly
think his attendance will be necessary.

FRENCH FUNDS—Putts, MLIICH
Five per Citnts., 1071 Aoc. 90c.
Four per Cents., 971.75 c.
Three per Cents., 801. 90c. 81f. 25c.
Bank Actions, ',Slit: —c.
Rente do Naples, 97f 80c.
Roman Five poi- Cents., 09Tk.
Rente (PEspagne, FlVeper Cents., 49 4.
Rente d'Bspogne, Three per Cents., 31
Royal Spanish Loan, 49X.
RentePerpet.d.F.spagne, Vire per Cetit.) 41)!4%14.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents:, 1814,
Por iwuese Loan, Five per Cents., 9414.
Portuguese loa_Lis SiX per Cents. 10056.
Haytiaii Loan, 31)Of —c.
111XCIIAN1;6 ON LONDON.
oie month, paper, —e. ; money, 25f. 43c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 30c. ; money, 25f. 30c.
—Comrs duth, Ilt. ANC.

BOURSE, THREE 0' CLOCK. —The Rentes opened at 81f., and
got up to 81f. Sc. ; they then receded to 80f. 95c., and got
up again to 81f. sc. to 10c. Two reasons are assigned for
their tendency to improvement : the first and most certain is,
the situation of the Market at the approach of the settlement,
which will begin this day week, because the more the Three
per Cents. rise, the mow the " bears" will be embarrassed, as
all the Rentes which were sold in options will be called in.
It is also known, but not generally, that the Minister of Finance
is returning to his favourite plan of reducing the Fivo per
Cents. into Four per Cents., or, at the option of the holders,
to be paid off at 102, the price of their emission. To facilitate
this plan they assist in promoting the rise of the Three per
Cents., as the Four per Cents. naturally follow the impulse.
The holders of the Five per Cents. will be induced to prefer
the reduction to being reimbursed. This operation may, how-
ever, be retarded, as the Ministers are positively again at va-
riance about proceeding with the State trials. The Spanish
Securities are well maintained : they are also in demand,
although there is no rise of consequence in them.
:BOURSE, QUARTER TO FOUR.—Five per Cents, 103 f. 15c. ;
3 per Cents., 81f. 25c. ; 5 per Cent. Spanish, 49k ; 3 per Cent.
ditto, 31i ; Cortes, 49i ; Coupons, 29i ; Guebhard, 49i ; Dif-
feres, 20 ; New Loan, 70 ; Ducats, 97 95 ; Romans, 99h ;
Belgians, 1034 ; Pedros, 95 ; Haytians, 387 if.
VIENNA, MARCH 14.-5 per Cent Metalliques, 101 15 -16 ;
4 per Cent. ditto, 951; Bank Shares, I,339.—Allgenteine
Zeituny, March 19. _ _ __ _

Yesterday evening, at Lloyds, Belgian 5 per Cents. were
at 101 i ; Bank of Belgium, l 18'1; Society of Commerce,
122:I.—Brussels Papers, March 23.

Advices from Constantinople state that the war in
Persia has terminated in the triumph of the lawful
Sultan, MOHAMMED SCHAH. This happy event
was effected by means of the grant of thirty thousand
pounds made by the British Government ; and the
restored Prince declares that he owes the recovery of
his Crown to British influence. Sir JOHN CAMP-
BELL, the English Envoy in Persia, did honour to the
country, by his zeal, firmness, and liberality on this
occasion. ZJLEH SULTAN, the Usurper, was made
prisoner, having in his possession all the Crown jewels.

The Turkish fleet was manned and armed imme.
diately after the retirement of the British squadror
to Malta.

PARLIAMENTARY SUMMARY.

Brussels and German Papers have been received,
but they do not contain a line worth extracting. The
debates in the Belgian Chambers are confined to
questions of no national importance.

In the Lords a Select Committee to inquire into the
state of Prisons was moved for by the Duke of RICHMOND.
Lord WHARNCLIFFE preferred a Commission to make in-
quiries on the spots Lord BROUGHAM was not prepared to
say which Was best. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE thought
that a Committee ought to precede a Commission. The
Committee was finally agreed to. The Earl of ABERDEEN
presented a petition from some inhabitants of Montreal, de-
claratory of their attachment to existing institutions, and
complaining of resolutions passed by the House of Assembly.
In the. Commons, a return, stating the manner in which
the Million gterling, voted to the Clergy of Ireland, had
been disposed of, with other information connected there-
with, was moved for by Mr. D. W. HARVEY. It was
opposed by Sir H. HARDINGE. It appeared that the
Million Act had occasioned more than twice that number
of calculations, occupying ninety-five clerks, forty extra
barristers, and costing 25,0001. Mr. HARVEY withdrew
his motion. He afterwards moved for a return of the
number of fiats and of assigness under the Bankrupt Act.
Sir E. CODRINGTON and other Hon. Members in-
stanced the misreprentation of some of the Morning Pa-
pers. After which, Lord J. RUSSELL said, that he intend-
ed this day to bring before the House, the question or
breach of privilege, in reference to the paragraph affecting
the Gallant Admiral.

We arc apprehensive that the swell of the Seine
will interrupt navigation.
Four Amphitheatres have just been completed in
the College de France.
The Triton, at Toulon, took fire, which, however,
was extinguished.
A few days since a butcher of Neuvilly, in the
Meuse, was returning home on horseback from a neighbouring
village, with a calf tied behind him, when by some accident he
rode into a deep ditch, and man, horse, and calf were all smo-
thered. They were found the following morning by means of
the poor man's dog, which had remained the whole night
endeavouring to drag him out, and in his vain attempts, had
torn his master's smock frock and pantaloons to rags. When
the officers of justice came to take the body, it was with great
difficulty that they could prevent the faithful animal from
biting them.
FlRE.—Last week a fire broke out in the house of
a tradesman in Edinburgh, and his wife, who was in a state of
intoxication at the time, was so severely burnt that she has
since expired in the Royal Infirmary.
If the election petitions against Mr. O'Connell and
his family are pressed, the Pilot says it would require at least
20,0001. to defend them on his part.
We are happy to learn that Sir E. Sullen will cer-
tainly remain Lord Chancellor of Ireland.—Morning Paper.
THE TURKISH .AMBASSADOR.—His Excellency
Nowri Effendi, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Ottoman
Porte to the Court of St. James's arrived on Sunday morning
at the Carlton Hotel, Regent-street, from Paris. The son of
Prince Vosgorides, of Samos, accompanies the Ambassador
as interpreter, in addition to whom are two Chief Secretaries.
His Excellency has travelled with a most numerous suite, in
all about thirt) -three. Seventeen military and naval officers
of distinguished families of Constantinople have preceded his
Excellency, and awaited his arrival at the Hotel for ten days.
Mr. Webb, of the Park, near Ross, on Tuesday
last, sold in Ledbury market to Mr. James Barrett, junior, a
load of wheat, at 14s. the bag ; exactly 26 years ago, he sold
in the same market to Mr. James Barrett, senior, a load of
wheat at 28s. the bushel ; so that he has now sold a bag of
wheat at the same price he then received for a half a bushel,—.
Hereford Times.
EXECUTION.—On Monday the sentence of the
law was carried into execution on the person of Norman
Welsh, convicted on Friday last before Mr. Baron Parke
at the Lancaster Assizes, for the wilful murder of the late
Mr. Wm. Southgate, surveyor of warehouses at the Cus-
tom-house, Liverpool, on the 17th of October last. A tem-
porary gallows had been erected during the night, behind
the castle, around which, and in the churchyard, about
2,000 persons had assembled to witness the execution. He
struggled violently, and some minutes elapsed before life
appeared to be extinct.

Sir JOHN CAMPBELL presented a petition (which
was after some discussion withdrawn), in reference to
the discharge of the Sureties for the prosecution of
the Dublin Election Petition. The CHANCELLOR of
the EXCHEQUER then brought forward his measure for
the Commutation of Irish Tithes. Lord J. RUSSELL'S
chief objection was, that the Commutation was not com-
pulsory. After a long discussion, the resolution was put
and agreed to. Sir RICHARD MUSGRAVE obtained leave
to bring in a Poor Law Bill for Ireland. Till two names
were substituted for those of Colonel PERCEVAL and Co-
lonel VERNON, it was arranged that the question respecting
Orange Lodges should not be proceeded in by the Com-
mittee. Adjourned at One.

--DEVILS PREFERRED TO SAINTS.—(From an
old M. S. )—A farmer rented a grange haunted by fairies for a
great rent, which hee paid every haife yeare. One asking
him how he durst be so bold to live in that place, and whether
hee saw none? " Noe," saith the farmer, " there bee two
saints in heaven trouble me more than all the devills in hell,
namely, St. Mary and St. Michael, which bee my rent days."
STATISTICS OF AMSTERDAM. A detailed
statement has been made up of the population of the city of
Amsterdam, and the number of births and deaths from the
year 1700 to 1814, by which it appears that the number of
births was 752,475, and that of deaths 927,637, a difference of
175,162. However, as the register of the deaths are more
correctly kept than those of births, the difference is perhaps
not so great. The annual average will be 6,543 births and
8,066 deaths. The greatest number of births was in 1736,
amounting to 7,273 ; the smallest number in 1777 being only
5,825. The greatest number of deaths was in 1787, amount-
ing to 13 778, the smallest in 1798, viz. 6,406. In the first
vear of this period (1700) the births were 6,810, the deaths
7,232; in the last year (1814) the births were 6,128, the
deaths 8,264.
CONDITION OF THE EGYPTIAN PEASANTRY.—
There is little similarity between the Turkish and Egyptian
pea-ant. The Turk is naturally proud and haughty, always
ready to resist oppression and injustice ; the Fellagh has the
melancholy look of one accustomed to suffer, the timid and
cowardly air of a man who is hopeless of remedy or aid. In
vain does the Nile lavish its treasure on every hand—none of
them are his; in the midst of almost miraculous fertility, the
Fellagh keeps his eye fixed upon the ground, as if he lived in a
curse. There are, in Egypt, myriads of labourers who gather
abundant harvests, and will cat nothing but the herbs of the
field, bread made of flax-seed, and boiled beans. The cele-
brated Amru once compared the people of Egypt to the beasts
who labour incessantly for the benefit of others. The state of
the poor cultivators of Egypt has undergone little alteration
since the days of Amru. You cannot form an idea of the
number of miserable wretches that are to be found in the vil-
lages where we land, during our voyage up the Nile. We see
only men, almost naked, or covered with rags worse than nu-
dity—countenances on which pain and suffering have ploughed
deep furrows—youth, without its characteristic gaiety—women,
in whom poverty has effaced the traits of their sex. It is here
we find how limited is our vocabulary for expressing misery ; it
is presented to us at every step, and under all its forms.—
Michaud's Egypt.
- -

IMPRESSION OF MUSIC ON ANIMALS.--(From
the London Journal.)—M. Marville has given the following
curious details on this subject. Doubting, he tells us, the
truth of those who say it is natural for us to love music, espe-
cially the sound of instruments, and that beasts themselves are
touched with it, being one day in the country he made his ob-
servations, while a man was playing on a conch shell (trompe
marine), upon a cat, a dog, a horse, an ass, a hind, cows, small
birds, and some barn-door fowls in a yard under the window
on which he was leaning. He did not perceive that the
cat was in the least degree affected, and he even judged by
her air that she would have given all the musical instruments
in the world for a mouse, for she slept all the while unmoved
in the sun ; the horse stopped short from time to time at the
window, raising his head up now and then as he was feed-
ing on the grass ; the dog continued for above an hour seated
on his hind legs, looking steadfastly at the players ; and the ass
did not discover the least indication of his being touched,
eating his thistles very peaceably ; the hind lifted up her
large wide ears, and seemed very attentive ; the cows slept a
little, and after gazing awhile went forward ; some little birds
which were in an aviary, and others on trees and bushes, almost
tore their little throats with singing; but the cock minding his
hens, and the hens solely employed in scraping on a neigh-
bouring dunghill, did not show in any manner that they took
the least pleasure in hearing the music.--Faculties of Birds.