The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 27, 1866.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, (;CT. 27, 1866.

Last night a banquet was given to Sir HUGH
CAIRNS in Belfast, which was of a very interest-
ing nature; and although it partook of a farewell
character, yet, when the entertainment was first
planned, it was not intended to be so. It will
be remembered that the learned gentleman had
got decided upon taking the Chief Justiceship at
Mat time ; but, no doubt had this affair not been
already in train, a similar compliment would have
been .
Data to him, as it was the general desire of all
parties to do him honour. Sir HUGH commenced his
excellent address •
by giving some explanation to his
hearers as to the •
circumstances which led to his ap-
pearing before them
forthe last time in the charac-
ter of their represent
When Sir ac-
ceisted the office of Attorne‘;r-General he represented
to Lord 1)1.2Bv that it a
l 3 " earnest wish to
render every possible assisianeeto his Government
in the house of Commons, but that he felt so strongly
the fatigue of Parliamentary life, combined
with
official and professional duties, that
he should be
glad if at any time an opportunity arose by
which he could serve the country in a less
laborious manner. To this Lord DERBY an.
ceeded with great kindness and consideration, and
hence the change that has taken place.
The learned gentleman had to cast his memory
back over a period of fifteen years, to the time when
he was first intrusted with the representation of the
great and important town of Belfast, and he was
able to say, with enviable good fortune, that he
could regard the whole of that connection with satis-
faction. In referring to the principles which had
guided him, and the feelings which bad inspired

and influenced his votes and his voice throughout
all that time, Sir HUGH entered upon a spirited
defence of the politics of his party. "It is the
fashion," said he, " for those who desire to cast
discredit upon Conservative principles to assert
that those who hold them are opposed to progress
and to improvement, and are chargeable with nar-
row-mindedness and bigotry. Now, I am, and I
have ever been, an advocate for progress and for
improvement, but I am not fur revolution." A
fitting answer to the extravagant theories of Mr.
BRIGHT may be found in this passage of Sir HUGH'S
address, and he and his immediate followers may ,
well ponder upon the words of wisdom here met
with. The notion of transferring the government of
the country into the hands of mere numbers is a
very false one, and calculated to cause great in-
juries in all directions. Giving properties and
liberties to the tyranny of a multitude has been
tried, we should think, to a sufficient extent in
America, and yet there are such who will not learn
what they do not 'wish to become acquainted with.
Another cause of satisfaction in his past career
Sir HUGH CAIRNS finds in the reflection that it has
brought him into close connection vita a body of
public men whom be believes to be actuated by
a sincere and earnest desire for the welfare of their
country, and particularly with regard to Ireland
does he feel satisfied of their polity. " I feel con-
vinced," said he, " that her Majesty's Ministers will
endeavour to treat her, not as the battle-field of a
party, but as an integral part of the United King-
dom." It is satisfactory to hear from so high an
authority that such are the views and intentions of
the Government, and we feel convinced that Sir
HUGH CAIRNS is too deeply imbued with the
love of his country, and entertains too great
an interest for her, to be led away by the in-
fatuation of party into exaggerating any good
opinion he may have of their policy. Allud-
ing to the office of Attorney-General—which
he still held—Sir HUGH observed that this was the
first time that office had been held by any one who
was not a native of Great Britain, and drew from
that circumstance the just inference that it showed
the absence of jealousy and narrow-mindedness to-
wards Ireland. The bold and manly language of
Sir H. CAIRNS is quite a relief after the style of
public speaking to which we have been often accus-
tomed in certain quarters. " I respect even the
prejudices of my fellow-citizens," said he. "It is
one of the many elements of civil freedom
that every one should be able to hold and
express his opinions freely, and that he should be
enabled to do so without being opposed to the threats
which of late I have seen public men exposed to
that the multitudes will rise in their tens of thou-
sands if they dare to express them again."
llow true is this, and how much does :it con-
demn the course which has been pursued so
wrongly and so mischievously in many quarters.
As many persons may be misled by the specious
sophistry and the ingenious mixture of truth and
falsehood uttered by these Reformers of their
race, it is just as well that some truths may
be put against them, and a more powerful
exponent of justice and freedom than Sir 11.
CAIRNS we could not hope to meet with. Real free-
dom of thought and opinion cannot exist if one set
of politicians is to hold undisputed sway over the

minds of all, and exclude others from the right of
expressing their views. Sir HUGH concluded his
interesting speech with an eloquent passage, in
which he said farewell to his hearers in the charac-
ter of their representative. In speaking of the town
with which be has been so long connected, he said,
" May loyalty and order, peace and virtue abound
with her ; may her progress in years to come be
such as to distance and even to reduce to insignifi-
cance the strides she has made in years past ;
may she and may her citizens stand forth for pri-
vate worth, and for political wisdom, the ornament,
the example, and the encouragement of Ireland."
Few public men have more rapidly attained distinc-

ion than Sir HUGII CAIRNS, and while we regret

that the House of Commons must lose so distin-
guished an ornament, we are assured that his
memory will long remain there, and his reputation
be cherished among that of those favoured few,
whose politics and party sentiments are overlooked in
the desire experienced by all to do honour to those
who are an honour to their country, and whose
genius and worth command universal respect.

By the arrival of the Persia we have news from
New York to the 17th. There is nothing very
important, however, with the exception of the
Attorney-General's official announcement that the
PRESIDENT can do nothing further to hasten Mr.
Davis's release on trial.. This is a most unsatisfac-
tory piece of intelligence, and it is not improved
by the Attorney - General's intimation that
Mr. DAVIS will be delivered over to the civil
authorities upon the proper application being
made. The answer to this suggestion must
have been known to the Attorney-General
before he made it. The District Attorney of Vir-
ginia replied that no such demand had been made,
because Mr. DAVIS would have to be confined in
a common prison, where he would be deprived of
the comforts now given him at Fort -Monroe. These
unhappily have become necessary owing to the im-
paired state of his health, and as there is no cer-
tainty that even when transferred to civil jurisdic-
tion he would obtain a speedy trial, his friends and
advisers are naturally willing to take such a step.
The fact is that the Radicals will postpone the
trial by every means in their power, knowing
that if JEFFERSON DAVIS were once convicted, the
PRESIDENT, in the exercise of his prerogative,
could and would release him from his tedious cap-
tivity, and allow him to finish his days in peace.
It is impossible to pardon a man for a crime for
which he has not been tried, and thus, with petty
malignity, the day is postponed and postponed,
while the prisoner's powers of endurance wax feebler
and feebler. If JEFFERSON DAVIS were to die in
captivity, as appears but too probable, 'without ever
going through the form of a trial, it might be a
triumph to the Radicals and the solution of a
troublesome problem to the Democrats, but it
would be a lasting disgrace to the American nation.
JEFFERSON DAVIS was not the sole originator of the
Secession movement, nor although, from his abilities
and position, he played a prominent part in it, was
its successful maintenance during the years of war
olely due to his influence or aLthoety. General
LEE was at least as much a leader uf the revolu-
tion as JEFFERSON DAVIS ; yet the One is living
in freedom and retirement, while tk,e other is de-
nounced as a felon. It is true that the illustrious
General BurLER, with more consist ency than ele-
gance, declared that both should be hung, but,
with that polite exception, the tr ea tment of LEE
and DAVIS is altogether distinct., Pzesident JOHN-
soN's Opinions on this point are preblij well known,
and he has recently given an additional evidence
of them,
pardoned
the ex- President JOSEPH DAVIS,. brother of
P.esment of the Confi
had his estaitiel\nire.stthoe
transferred. If the
States has any reason to Federal
individual its foundations must
fear the
and no unscrupulous exercise of deracy, was
andt has now
totohgim, and Vie back rents
Goveam ment of the
can suffice to prop it up. The Rai. 'Ws
existence of one
beai zetraakryinpdoeweedr,
may rely

upon it that by their treatment of JEFFERSON DAVIS
they are doing more to damage the cause of the
Union than anything which the released prisoner
could effect were he ever so desirous to stir up dis-
affection and bring the Government into contempt.
The Governor of Mississippi has recommended
the State Legislature not to accept the Constitu-
tional Amendment. In reference to this standing
subject of dispute between the PRESIDENT and the
Congress, it shows how strong must be the popular
feeling, and how bitter the exciting antagonism
since the fictitious despatch published in the New
York journals obtained ready credence. This de-
spatch purported to contain a string of questions
addressed by the PRESIDENT to the Attorney-Gene-
ral as to the legality or illegality of the Congress as
at present constituted. It would, of course, have
been the signal for an open rupture between the rival
powers of the State, since it would have been im-
possible for the Congress to enforce the payment of
taxes, or any other of its ordinances ; while the
PRESIDENT, if he refused to recognise the existing
Legislature, must either proceed to elect another, or
attempt to rule without a Congress, in defiance of
all constitutional Government. Happily, matters
are not yet come to this pass, but that it should be
currently believed that they had done so gives a
significant idea of the state of public feeling, and
should be a warning to those who are fanning the
flames.

STEPHENS, of Fenian notoriety, has called a mass
meeting at New York for the 28th, when he will
deliver his last address in America. What he in-
tends to do subsequently is not stated, but the news
which reaches us from Canada is so suspicious that
we apprehend the Fenians have had some share
in producing the disasters chronicled. At Quebec
a violent conflagration raged for 13 hours, destroy-
ing 2,500 houses, besides property to the amount of
$3,000,000. 0 wing to this catastrophe 18,000 persons
have been rendered homeless. The disaster, of
course, might have an accidental origin, and
among the wood-built houses of the old French
city would no doubt spread rapidly, but the sin-
gular thing is that a large fire raged simultane-
ously in Ottawa. This certainly bears the appear-
ance of incendiarism, and we hope that the origin
of both fires will be rigidly inquired into. The
Canadians can' very well afford to lose some
of their old houses to replace them with
new ones, though the season is unpropitious
for the poor creatures who are rendered homeless.
The loss of property is serious in a rising colony ;
and if the Fenians are really at the bottom of the
mischief, they will deserve less mercy than has
hitherto been shown them.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Friday Evening.

The Moniteur announces that during the tempo-
rary absence of the Marquis de Lavalette, Minister
of the Interior, his duties will be performed by
M. Rouher, Minister of State. The Marquis seeks
repose from his arduous labours, and has left for
his chateau of Cavalerie, near Bergerac, in the
department of Dordogne. Few official men labour
so laboriously, so usefully, and so zealously as
the Marquis. For some time he was not only
Minister of the Interior, but Minister of Foreign
Affairs, until the arrival of M. de Moustier from
Constantinople. The Emperor and the French
people fully appreciate his exertions to improve
the social position at home, and to maintain peace
and independence abroad.
The following is from the Bulletin of the offi-
cial paper :
" The treaty of peace between Prussia and
Saxony, ratified at Berlin, has been published at
Dresden. King John will return immediately to
his States. He is expected to-morrow at Pillnitz.
The Emperor of Austria returned to Prague on
Wednesday evening, and was received with great
enthusiasm.

" The Vienna Gazette of this morning publishes
an Imperial decree, convoking the meeting of the
Croatia Slavonique Diet for the 19th of Novem-
ber.

" Accounts from Crete to the 16th of October
contradict the news received recently by the tele-
graph. Up to the 15th no serious engagement had
taken place between the Ottoman troops and the
insurgents. There is every reason to believe that
tranquillity will be very shortly restored in the
island of Crete, and that there will be no further
effusion of blood."

The total amount of the subscriptions for the
relief of the sufferers by the inundations up to yes-
terday is 1,297,344 f. The sympathy of the Go-
vernment and of all classes for misfortune is
unexampled.
A denial is given upon what appears to be good
authority to the statement that Spain had made a
formal proposition to the Catholic Powers claiming
their interposition to maintain the temporal power
of the Pope. The Spanish Cabinet, with natural
solicitude in regard to this most important question,
has only taken steps to ascertain the opinions of the
Catholic Governments as to the most efficacious
mode of supporting the authority of his Holiness
under the great change which has taken place in
Italy.
It is gratifying to find from all the accounts from
Venetia that the Catholic clergy have zealously and
earnestly joined in the great national manifestation
in behalf of .Italian freedom and unity. As an
illustration, I translate the following passage from
the pastoral letter of Monseigneur Corti, Bishop of
Mantua :—" Victor Emmanuel is our legitimate
King. You know it, and you should be joyful
that it is so. To him consequently, to his repre-
sentatives, to his Government, to his laws, I enjoin
loving and conscientious obedience. Let none of
you, my sons, follow the lamentable inspiration of
those who perceiving, real or supposed, errors in the
Government, attack it virulently, and try to bring
it into discredit."

A supplement of the Dresden Journal gives the
most important stipulations of the treaty of peace
between Prussia and Saxony. The chief points are
these : Saxony is united to the Northern States.
Dresden and Komigsten wili be occupied by a mixed
garrison. The war indemnity is fixed at ten mil-
lions of dollars, from which there is to be a deduc-
tion of one million as the price of the cession of the
railway from I.mbau to Gorlitz. The Military Go-
vernment and the Civil Commissariat of Prussia will
I cease in Saxony. The treaty of the Zollverein will
be maintained, but with liberty to object to it by
giving six months' notice. Prussia is to have the
exclusive right of telegraphic communication in
Saxony.

Yesterday the remains of M. Thouvenel were in-
terred at Metz. The funeral ceremony there, as at
Paris, was at the express command of the Emperor
conducted with splendour and ceremony, and all
classes evinced their desire to pay respect to the'
memory of the deceased Minister so prematurely
called away.

As some foolish reports arc still circulated about
the suppos,xl indisposition of the Emperor, I think
it right to contradict them, and I do so upon the
best authority. His Majesty, happily for France
and Europe, is completely restored to health. He
has.been engaged with specially invited guests in
shooting in the preserves of the Park of St. Cloud.
In a day or two he will review a large body of troops
at Longchamp. The Emperor and Empress will
go to Compiegne in the early part of November.
A religious ceremony of surpassing interest, at
least to Catholics, took place on Wednesday at
Chateauroux. Monseigneur La Tour d'Auvergne
Lauragnais, Bishop of Bourges, in the name of Pope
Pius the Ninth, placed the gold crown upon the
head of the statue of the Virgin Mary, at the
chateau of Tonvent. Clergy and laity assembled in
great numbers from all directions. The crown of
gold sent by the Pope was placed upon a brilliantly
illuminated throne. After mass and a sermon the

Pope's brief of July 5, 1866, was read, giving
authority for the coronation of the statue. The
archbishop and bishops then performed the ceremony
according to the accustomed ritual. The ceremony
was concluded by the solemn salut and sacrament.
Never were so many eminent personages assembled
in the usually quiet town of Chateauroux, and never
was such an imposing and splendid spectacle wit-
nessed there.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

CANADA.
(BY ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.)
TORONTO, Oct. 26.
The Fenian Colonel Lynch has been sentenced

o be bung.

THE CANDIAN INSURRECTIM

ALEXANDRIA, Oct. 25.

News received here from Greek sources states

that a great battle took place in Candia, on the 17th
inst., between the Cretans, who numbered 20,000
men, and the combined Turkish and Egyptian
troops, 30,000 strong. The latter are stated to
have been repulsed and Ismail Paella wounded.

ATHENS, October 18, 1866.

The latest intelligence from Candia, extending to
the 15th, gives the following details of the expe-
dition recently undertaken by Mustapha Pasha
against the insurgents.
The Turkish leaders, obeying the orders sent
from Constantinople through Djemil Pacha, aide-
de-camp to the Sultan, left Canea upon the 9th of
October with 18 battalions of infantry, a squadron
of cavalry, a battery of artillery, and about 3,000
irregular troops, in all from 16,000 to 18,000 men.
These troops marched towards the White Mountains,
where several insurgent corps and the chief members
of the Cretan General Assembly were posted. That
same evening the Turkish army halted at the
village of Skine, where they passed the night.
Next day they burnt the village of Lakki, meeting
no resistance. Upon the 11th, having plundered
and burnt the village of Mouskla, they marched
against another village, Sourva, defended by about
500 insurgents. They made four ineffectual at-
tempts to carry the place, and ultimately withdrew,
it is said, with heavy loss. They subsequently
burnt the hamlet of Therisso. All these places are
at the foot of the White Mountains.

Upon the 12th some 2,000 Greeks attacked the
Turkish force, and, after a battle lasting through
that day and the next, are said to have forced the
latter to withdraw to the foot of the Kermia Moun-
tains, forming the lowest of the chain, and the

nearest to Cauca. This retrograde movement is
attributed by the Turkish authorities to a failure in

provisions.

At 10 in the evening of the 14th a body of 160
Turks, unaware of the remainder of the army hav-
ing retreated, marched towards Therisso, hoping
there to rejoin their comrades. The insurgents sur-
prised this detachment in a ravine, and are reported
to have cut them off to a man.

Several acts of reprisal are stated to have been
effected by the Turks. Two churches have been
plundered in the suburb of Canea, where the Ameri-
can and Russian consulates are situated. A similar
fate has overtaken the church in the village of
Galata. An unarmed Cretan, named Cokalakis,
returning to his village with his family, furnished
with a safe-conduct from the Governor, was killed
by the Turks, together with his wife, his sister-in-
law, a little girl aged four, and another person who
accompanied them. An llellenic subject, named
Dressanan, was also slain at the village of
Psilopyrgos. The Greek Consul at Canea has in-
formed his Government that the lives of King
George's subjects are in greater danger than ever,
and that even the Greek consuls themselves are not
safe.

Dates from the department of Heraeleum are also
to the 15th inst. Upon the sth a corps consisting
of 4,000 native Mussulmans, three battalions of
Turkish infantry, and two battalions of Egyptian
foot marched against the district of Messara. Upon
the 10th they encountered about 300 insurgents at
Tergeri, and after having vainly essayed to carry
the position, retreated with a loss of five killed and
two wounded. Upon the 11th the Turkish forces
divided into two corps. One of them burnt and
plundered without resistance the villages of Coussi,
Pompia, Petrokephalon, and Chibaki ; the other
marched upon Zaro, Camares, and Virizia, where it
encountered the insurgents. The engagement began
at 11 in the forenoon, and lasted till 5 o'clock
p.m., the Turks again ',retreating and falling back
upon the village of Arga-Varvara. They are said
to have lost 20 killed and numerous wounded.
The following day, the 12th, the irregulars
returned dispirited to the fort of lieraeleum ;
acts of vengeance are also reported from this depart-
ment. The Turks having surprised in the village of
Zaro three old women, one of whom had a son com-
pletely paralysed, killed the latter before his
mother's eyes. The poor woman is said to have
become insane.

The insurgents are stated to be well supplied
with food and munitions, as the Turkish blockade
does not prevent the Greek sailors from making
frequent voyages to convey succour to the Cretans.

AMERICA.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 27.

The Hamburg and American Company's steam-
ship Teutonia, from New York on the 13th inst.,
has arrived here with 60 passengers for Havre and
Hamburg, pop() in specie for England, and
$15,000 in specie for France.

On the 25th ult. she spoke the Norwegian ship
Sophie, and on the 26th the steamer Borussia.

THE BOMBAY MAILS.

S 0 UTIUMPTON, Saturday Morning.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw
steamer Pera, Captain G. J. Babot, has arrived
with these mails, 59 passengers, £2,800 in specie,
three boxes of shawls, and sundries. Among the
passengers are Assistant Com. General Barlee, from
China ; Colonel Jones, R.E,, and family, from
Bombay ; Capt. Hoseason, R.N., superintendent
of the port, and Mr. Roberts, Master H.M.S.
Assurance, from Malta ; the Lord Bishop of
Gibraltar, &c.
The Pera left Alexandria on the 14th, Malta the
18th, and Gibraltar the 22d, and has had generally
fine weather, but had very strong N.W. gales in
the Bay of Biscay.

On the 23d, off the Burlings, the Pera spoke the
Company's steamer China, with the outward mails
of the 26th.

her Majesty's ships Assurance and Hibernia
were at Malta, and the Itedpole and Skylark at
Gibraltar.