The Sun.
London, England, 1859-08-01 00:00:00

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THE SUN, LONDON, ANioNDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1859.

INDIA AND CHINA.

.
In anticipation of . the Overland Mail we have
received by extraordinary express our papers from
Calcutta, dated June 17 ; and Hong Kong, June 4.
The Behgal Ihirkaru of June 17 contains the
following : . • .
The past fortnight has been rather barren of
news. The courts ttf inqiiiry are still sitting at
Meerut and Allahabad; and the European malcon-
tents hay for the most part returned to their duty.
It is said that a few of , the " dumpies"----the Cog-
nomen of the lads lately enlisted for the excom-
pany's eavalry—,who are stationed at Allahabad
had serious intentions a few days ago of deserting,
but they thought better of it.
We have no Official news of the, rebels. There
have, hoWever, been . some skirmishes with small
bodies of insurgents. " A few days ago," says a
northwest contemporary, " Major Rennie. 3d Sikhs,
with' a' party of his own regiment 'and 50 men of
the Futtygnrh Horse, made a forced march of
nearly 40 miles, and attacked the celebrated dacoit
leaders, Bcillee and Balkurrun, and took their'cl mp,
killing about 30 of the rebels. His..loss was one
russuddar, one kote duffadar, and some sowars of
the Futtygurh Horse killed, besides a few wounded."
The rebels in Nepaul are reported to be in the
greatest straits. Sin 'Jung -Bahadoor wisues them
out of the country, but a rather strong party at
Katmandoo' ,regard them with some degree of
faVour, and it is said that the Nana, Bala Itao, and.
others have got permission, for themselves and
families only, to remain in the Dang or Jeogurh
Valley, and they have accordingly encamped at the
mouth -of the'. fit6drung- PaSg,' leading into the Darn l;
-t h tericifoLW,Q44l.4i
and Munnoo Khan, it is rumoured, will 'Slain her.
The sepoys have been requested to quit,the coun-
try.- .A rather large body of them are in the jungles,
at the foot of th hills, occasionally leaving their
hiding place in quest .of food. The ex-Nawab of
Fueruakabad is on his way through Central India
to Bombay. The inhabitants of Furiuckabad have
raised a purse for him.
• The Legislative Council has not sat for two weeks,
as sufficient members were not present to form a
quorum. Mr. Ricketts has gone on leave to Madras,
and on the 4th inst., in consequence of the illness
of Sir Mordaunt Wells, Sir Charles Jackson had
to take his place in the Insolvent Court, whilst on
the following Saturday Sir Charles was the presid-.
ing judge at the criminal sessions of the Supreme
Court. To provide against contingencies of this
nature either the number of members forming the
quorum•should be reduced, or the council should be •
enlarged. We hope, however, that ere long the
legislative body will be re-constituted, and an ad-
dition made of tinembers,not in the service of Go-
vernment. The petition from the inhabitants of
Madras, praying for a representative government
for India, is in course of signature. That from the
Calcutta community is still with the committee ap-
pointed to draft the same at the. meeting held in
March last.
Amongst the events of the fortnight are the loss
of the British ship Alma and an accident to the mail
steamer Bengal. The former vessel left Calcutta on
the 2d instant, bound for the Mauritius. On Sunday
the sth, about four o'clock, p.m., soon after parting
from the steamtug Maria Stuart, whilst passing
through the eastern channel, she struck, and in a
short time went down. Some of the passengers and
crew were rescued by the Nimrod, which, about the
time of the accident reached the Sandheads, and
others have sine.) been picked up. Several lives,
however, it is feared, have been lost. The Bengal
sprung a leak by striking on a rock in•the harbour
of Galle. The passengers, mail, and oaggage were
landed, and the steamer Sydney was dispatched
from Madras to bring them to Calcutta on the
steamer Coromandel. The Bengal arrived in the
river on WedneSday afternoon.

COMMERCIAL.
There has not been much change in the money market
during the past fortnight. Accommodations on good securi-
ties are still procurable from the Bazaar on more favourable
terms than at the banks ; but dealers find difficulty in raising,
funds for the clearance of their purchases. Government se-
curities have had an upward tendency consequent on a
slight improvement at Bombay, and the easy state of the
money market, but few bona fide transactions have been re-
ported. Present quotations are—Fours at 2W; to 26 ; Fives,
In to 14 ; and the New 51 per Cent. Loan, 6f, to 7 per cent.
discount. Exchange on London.—A moderate business
has been done in local bank bills at 2s. O'd. to 2s. Oad. ;
.fir.t-ohiss lals at Oid-t,'to and document*, at 2s.
Oid. to 2s. 07d. In exportS the produce market has shown
increased animation as regards saltpetre and oil seeds, and
the demands, especially for the latter, have been so active
that if supplies had not come in freely the prices would have
advanced considerably. Raw silk has been very sparingly
dealt in; stocks of native sorts, both hero and in the inte-
rior, are heavy, and dealers would gladly dispose of them
at a considerable reduction Silk piece goods are little in
demand. Sugar has been in limited operation, and is being
offered at reduced prices. Rice, of low quality table, has
been engaged for Great Britain, but the demand is nut
general. Jute, lac dye, and shell lac in very limited ope-
ration. Hides of good quality are scarce, and competed for
at extreme prices. In imports mule twist was in a very
favourable position at the date of our last report, and prices
had slightly gone up ; since last week, however, there has
been less disposition to ptirchase, and prices have again
fallen. Coloured yarns, especially Turkey red, are in fair
demand. Chintzes of fast colours are in moderate request.
demand
dhifrotr oflocal
sl
mediumqualities, 611 b. to 71b., in good
requirements. Grey madapollams, stocks
almost none, prices slightly improved. Grey jaconets are
in fair request. Grey mulls are scarcely sought for at pre-
, sent. White and figured shirtings are in limited request.
White mulls are in very moderate request. The metal
market continues inactive.

,thermometerhas` been standing close aeon 90 deg.
The eather, however, has bcon very healthy ; and
owing to the clear dry air the heat has scarcely

to imports and goods on the way, thereis-no:PoKi-
bility of realising the large profits that were for-
frierly obtained. On the whole, trade bears a healthy
.aspect, money is plentiful and cheap. All share and
funded property is now readily taken at high rates
of premium. Credit Under the usual caution exer-
.cised by- bpth bankers and merchants is good, with
every prospect of its continuance. The yield of our
gold fields is-daily increasing. The determination
our Governinent to extend, railways to the interior,
Land the prospects of the long desired commuoica-
' tion with England 'via Panama being realisSed at
no distant period, opening um-as - it-ilecessarily
must do; great-facilities for trade r'4l-I.,the,A.tueri-
can -continent, together with other 'indications-4
the prosperous state of the colony, suggests to the
most prudent and cautious mind that we have-bet-
ter times before us than we have experienced dur-
ing the past three years.

EXCHANGE ON LONDON.—Since the date of our
last ,ircular the banks have raised the rate of pre-
mium 1 per cent., and are now selling at 2 per cent.
pretnium for GO days' draft.

FLOUR AND GRAIN.— Since our last circular there
is a marked change in the market for flour. • We
now £23 to 124 for colonial, and 48s. :per barrel.
for'American, at which rates hOlders are not dis-
posed to quit stocks; as there is ...very prospect of a'
further advance. • Wheat is'irerr scarce, and we
bear that 10s: 6d. per bushel has.been refused for
parcels, and that lls. to lls. •6d. was: paid at auc-
tion on 11th inst. Recent importS of oats, both here
and Melbourne, have checked the anticipated ad-
vance in prices. . We have no transactions of im-
portanco to report, the principal holders are.not in
the market. Wo hare" abundant -supplies of the
new, crop of maize, which is freely offered at 25..9d.

Freights to London are without alteration—viz.,
wool impressed, id. to -Id. per lb. in full. Hides,.
15s. to 17s. per ton. Tallow 20a. to 235. per ton.
Cocoa nut oil, 20s. to 255. per tun. Sperm oil, 30s.
to 355. per tun. Kauri gum, 20s. per ton. Timber,
18s. to 20r. per load.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL AND BARON

SCIILELVITZ.

The following despatch of Lord John Russell to
Lord Bloomfield, the British ,111ihister at the COurt
of Berlin, was issued on Saturday with the Parlia-

mental y papers

"Foreign-office, July 7, 1859.
" C.unt Bernstorff has read. me two (It spatches
froth Baron Schleinitz —one marked -:‘ very confi-
dentialpon the subject of the present aspect of
affairs, and upon the policy•which Prussia is desir-
ous, in conjunction with England and Russia, to
pursue with regard to the Italian war and,its:con•
se inences. _ .• _

:'Those despatches were dated respectively. the
24th and the 27th of June.
•:" Baron Schleinitz, the .former of these de-
spatches, alludes to the state of affairs which has
induced Prussia to mobilise part of her army: Not
only, he says, has the agitation in Germany caused
by the advance of the war towards her frontier
rendered necessary armaments not disproportioned
to those of her neighbours;
.but Prussia has consi-
dered it necessary at. once to place herself in a posi-
tion to control the course of events which might
tend to modify the balance of power in Europe, by
enfeebling an empire with which Prussia is confe-
derated, and by effecting the bases of European
rights laid down in acts to which Pruesia was a party.
" Baron Schleinitz observes, however, that the
position adopted by Prussia does not prejudge the
Italian question, although the interests of Prussia
and Germany make it incumbent on the Prince
Regent to use the influence which it is his duty to
exert, and prevent his Pre:l aturely sanct,oning by
a passive attitude territorial modifications affectinm,
a nation which forms an essential portion of the
great European family,
" But Prussia only wishes to act as she has!
done before, in concert with England and Russiad

in order to re-open negotiations in the cause of
peace ; and Count Bernstorff is accordingly in
strutted to concert with her Majesty's Govern

ment as to the means of attaining this result, and
thereby putting an. end to the effusion of blood, and
of restoring to Europe that calm which her mora
and material interests demand.
" Baron Sehleinitz then observes that, howeve4
much Prussia -terretted thellecision of-Austris, tcj

proceed to extremities, neither Europe as a whole
nor Germany in particular, could view with indif
ference any step which should tend to cnfeebh

_
Austria.
"He is far from misapprehending the difficultie:
created by the events of the war, and he think
that considerable reform will he required in the ad
ministration of affairs in Northern and Central
Italy, and that this will be a surer mode of peace
fully governing those districts than by the employ
ment of the military resources of Austria. Hi
thinks also that the treaties which bind Austria t(
exercise a sort of protectorate over certain ItaHat
States May be replaced by a better system.
" Thus, while Prussia does not seek to restore

past state of things which may be looked upon as
present impossibility, she will eagerly seize an
propositiol having for its object an Italian recor
struction, which, while acknowledging the right
of Austria, shall, by being founded on illegal prit
ciples, conciliate the legitimate wishes of the Italia
population.
" Prussia further thinks herself entitled to tali
note of the explicit declaration of the Empen

Napoleon, that he neither covets conquest nor to
ritorial aggrandisement, and this appears to Bare
Schleinitz an earnest of the possibility o► comi
to a common understanding with England at
Russia as to the course to be pursued.
" Count Bernstorff is then desired to ask for t

ri.
views of her Majesty's Government upon this su
ject ; and the despatch concludes by instructs g
him not to omit any opportunity of putting forwa .c 1
the idea of a mediation in common (mediatiipt
commune).
" The despaqh of the 27th of June acknowledges
the communication which your Lordship was de-
sired by my despatch of the 22d inst. to make 'to
Baron Schleinitz, and refers to the former despatch
of the 24th as having been written previously Ito
that communication, for an exemplification of the
views which the Prussian Government is desirclus
of carrying into effect.
" I stated to Count Bernstorff that this commu-
nication should receive the attentive consideration
of her Majesty's Government, but that I wished, in
the first place, to ask the full significance of the
terms ' stop the effusion of blood' and a ' mediation
in common,' namely, whether, if England and
Prussia together, or those Powers with Rus-
sia joined to them, found the proposals which they
might make to the belligerents refused, it was
meant they should employ force.
" His Excellency said that he had no explana-
tions to offer on that head; that Prussia could not
propose to Austria any alienation of territory, but
only reforms rnd changes in modes of administra-
tion.
He wished, however, to obtain an immediate
answer from me; and I said that, pending the'ee-
cision of the Cabinet, I could only express my own
opinion that the time had not arrived for making
any proposition to the belligerents.
" Such being the proposition of the Court of
Prussia, I have in the first place to desire that you
will express to Baron Schleinitz the thanks of her
Majesty's Government for the friendly tone and
zeal for the welfare of the States of Europe which
have inspired this overture.
" The efforts made by a Power so enlightened as
Prussia to restore peace to the Continent of Europe
will always be duly appreciated by her Majesty.
"Her Majesty's Government are at once ready
to declare that they would hail with joy the mo-
ment when an equitable proposal for an armistice
or negotiation might be accepted.
"But her Majesty's Government think them-
selves bound. in fairness to go further, and meet the
friendly proposition of Prussia with equ:.l candour.
" It is their opinion that in the present posture
of affairs in Italy, no ter,aiination of this war can
be expected without some cession of territory on
the part of Austria.
"The Emperor of the French has not contented
himself with repelling the Austrian invasion of the
territory of his ally ; he has declared it to be his
purpose to liberate Italy from the Alps to the
Adriatic. This proclamation has been received
with transport wherever, in Northern and Central
Italy, Austrian troops do not exercise a power of
compression. Milan and the whole of Lombardy,
Parma, Modena, and Tuscany have eagerly pro-
claimed their adherence to the war to which they
were thus invited.
" Yet, neither have we mason to suppose that
the Emperor of Austria is at present prepared to
yield his hereditary possessions to any other Sove-
reign.
" Such is the difficulty of the present European
crisis.
" The great and ancient monarchy of Austria
may naturally be slow to acknowledge any defeat

4D.. STAMPE,, P, 5- .

as irreparable, or to record by treaty the success
any popular insurrection against her dominion.
Yet, after the events which .have occurred
since the declaration•of war, it is not to be expected
thatany treaty, procured by the whole force of
Germany; restore Anstriad'"s'upre-
,
maey in Italy, would have in it the elements of
permanence and security. • •
" The Prineelle,rent of Prussia looks with .
be-
coming anxiety to-the maintenance of the balance
of PoWer in Europe. Letus eXaminc this matter.
The•balatmc- of power in. Europe ,means, in effect,
the independence of. its' several Smes. The pre-
ponderance of anyone Poker -thredtens and„dd-.
stroys this independence.
" But the Emperor Napoleon, by his Milan pro-
clamation, has. declared, as Baron Schleinitz has
justly noted, timt in this war he seeks neither con
quest nor; territorial aggrandizement. • -
t' It -might,- perhaps, be premature to discuss
whether the, king of Sardinia should reign over
Lonhirdy,'Mottente, . and TusCany, or whether se-
ral independent States in-Northern Italy should
be maintained or created.
"'Be their.diviSions and boundaries arranged as
they may; it is the firm persuasion of her Majesty's
Government' that an Italy in which the people
should, free citizens of a great country' would
strengthen and confirm the balance of power.
Theindependence of States .is never to secure
as when. the sovereign authority is supported by
the attachment of the people.
" A sovereign maintained wholly by the force of
arms op'er'a disaffected peopleis a perpetual.object
of attack to her ambitious neighbours ; and a 'ba-
lance of power foUnded on such discordant elements
gives only an unstable equilibrium.
"If Italy could.,De ruled over by sovereigns pos-
Skessea-Of the 'affeetraT:4 their people, that -cbun-
try, with its 25,000,000 of inhabitants, its natural
e filth, and its '-ancient' civilisation, would, in the
Opinion of her Majesty's Government, be a valuable
4mmber of the European family.
" I'must not omit to state that any settlement of
Italy would, in the eyes of her Majesty's Govern-
ment, be incomplete, which did not effect a perma-
ent reform in the administration of the States of
the Church.

" Every one knows that Rome and the Legations
have been much worse governed -by the Pope's Mi-
nisters than Lombardy 'by Austrian Archdukes,
and that would be' a partial and unsatisfactory ar-
ratipment which struck down tW; rule of the lat-
ter, and left the former in all its deformity.
"Our views upon this subject have not been
withheld from the Government of the Emperor of
he French. •
",Such being , the opinions of. her Nkajesty's Go-
vernment on the present state of affairs, they are
!averse to any interposition which might . either
prove fruitless in the first ins'ance,cir .which might
!lead to a partial and insecure settlement.
,_
1 "Her Majesty used her utmost efforts, consistent
Iwith Peace, to maintain the faith of treaties. • 'At
the last moment Austria, by an act of . supreme, i.n-
prudcnce, began the war, and invaded Piedmont.
From that time everything has been changed.
Austria overstepped the frdnticr laid down in the
t reaties ..of.l 81 5. It could no .longer be expected
that these-treaties would be regardc; l'as binding by
FrancC and Sardinia'. Italy hay been roused tbWar,
and is taking her 'part in the struggle. •
" In these circumstances her Majesty's Govern-
ment are hound to take a larger view of the
whole field of contest. They . will be glad to
consult Prussia on every occasion where either
Power is of opinion that a step towards peace can
be made with good effect.
" It gives them pleasure to find that the Cabinet
of Berlin does not partake of the violent excitement
which has lately arisen in some parts of Germany,
and that in directing the efforts of the German
Confederation she is animated by an enlightened
care for the best interests of European civilisation."

CIRCULAR OF THE NEW SARDINIAN
MINISTER.

. ,
The following circular has been addressed by the
new. Minister of the Interior, Signor Rattazzi, to
the Governors and the Intendants-General of
Provinces :

" The nature of the events in the midst of which
has been accomplished the annexation of Lombardy'
to the Subalpine kingdom has given occasion to the
uniinent r. et' who form the' Council of the Crown to
Tesign ofiice; but that change does not i.iduce any,
serious variation in the polite ,a 1 direction which the
Government of the State has, with so much wisdom
and firmness, up to this time maintained.
" The sentiments which bind the King and the
country to the glorious Emperor and the Great
Nation the destinies of which he rules ; the neces-
sity of assuring, and of loyally executing, in the
interests of our common country, the conditions of
the peace ; the opportuneness of giving to the
annexed provinces the earliest possible participa-
tion in the franchises of which the old ones are in
possession—far from detaching us from it, ought to
persuade us more and more of the fitness of remain-
ing faithful to the direction which, for more than
two lustres, has assured to us, by the union of order.
with libtrty, all the benefits of our political regi-
men.

" And therefore the new Council will continue
to promote to the 'utmost the development of the
great-principles which the magnanimous granter
of the Statute (Constitution) established as the basis
of our public law for the advancement of his people
and as the safeguard of the destinies of Italy, which
will find; in the reforms accomplished, and in the
liberties practised after our example, the way to
attain, without convulsion (scosse), that independ-
ence which is demanded by the wish of Europe, in
harmony with the requirements of justice" and civi-
lization.

"The work which the new Ministry is called to
conduct to a terminatiox in a brief space is arduous
in proportion to the importance of the results which
the whole country is to derive from it. It has need,
therefore, of the frank and intelligent co-operation
of al. the officials employed in the public adminis-
tration in the various parts of the country. The
undersigned addresses himself to those who belong
to his department, confidently inviting them to
identify themselves with the idea of the Govern-
ment, and to make it their study to facilitate to it
the fulfilment of the duties imposed upon it by the
confidence of the Crown.

"To this end they will take pains to calm those
minds which are tco readily discouraged, to raise
depressed hopes, to strengthen faith in right and in
liberty, to remove all occasions of discord, to give
force to the conditions of order, to link together, in
short, all the interests all the aspirations, all the
legitimate influences Of the nation around the con-
stitutional throne of the King.
" The King's Government desires to be always
that of the w hole country, and never that of a party.
And if it be inseparable from free institutions that
the nation should be divided into parties, it is like-
Wise an essential condition of those institutions that
the authoriries, whence directly emanates the gua-
rantee of the rights and interests of the citizens,
should remain alien to all spirit *of party.
" The moral authority of the public officers will
increase in proportion as they show themselves im-
pressed with their duties in this respect.
" Neither must it be forgotten by the represen-
tatives of the Central Power in the various pro-
vinces, that, according to the spirit of one institu-
tions, they are at the same time. and in many re-
spects, the representatives of those same provinces
towards that Power itself, and that they are there
constituted to pi otect, second, and strengthen, in
the terms of the law, the local action, as well public
as private, and not to deny it, suffocate it, or ap-
propriate it to the exclusive profit to the governing
action. The concentrating organization that con-
stitutes the strength of the great modern States is
certainly not to be dispensed with; but it cannot
be exaggerated without danger of diminishing its
efficacy,
since such exaggeration would be detri-
mental to the energy which naturally developes it-
self in the communal and provincial circles and in
that of private associations, whereby the political
and economical power of nations is so greatly in-

creased.
And as it is the intention of the Government
to propose reforms which may enlarge the com-
munal and provincial liberties, and more amply
realize the co-operation of the nation with all the
powers of the State, the public officials will take
care to second this intention, preparing the people,
as far as on them depends, for this extension of the
public guarantees.
" In the provinces where the representative in-
stitution is not yet in vigour they will' endeavour
to anticipate the moment in which this shall be be-
stowed on them, endeavourinc, to ascertain the
wishes of the populations confided to their care, and
surrounding themselves to that end with those men
who by their enlightenment, morality, and other
qualities are looked upon as the natural representa-
tives of the district. In this same intention they
will be careful to remove from office those persons
who do not enjoy public consideration.
ou
hTthneo
tGovernment,
bouft theaisu
tmuoaspt
appear, in
or
tKhcinefes