The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-17 00:00:00

THE SU.N, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 17, 1860.

other patterns, carpets, wall-papers, cutlery,
bronzes, &c., cotton and its products, wool and its
products, fleeces of wool, hosiery, &c., plans and
models of rural buildings, fertilising substances, ap-
paratus and instruments for hunting, fishing, and
for collecting natural products, shawls of wool,
cereals, wines, and fermented drinks. A model
district school-house, with all its appliances, would
be a very desirable institution to send ; also, an
American restaurant. Additional specimens of the
ores of all the metals, exhibiting more fully their
richness and the various localities of their produc-
tion, should be included ; also specimens of Ame-
rican wood. No such event as this has ever yet
occurred, nor will it occur again probably for many
years to come. Congress has provided free trans-
portation to Paris for goods, and show cases in which
to exhibit them, as well as competent officers and
guards to take care of them.

Commissioner Cooley, of the Indian Bureau, has

established a precedent in economy which is worthy
of notice. Having been authorised to see an ap-
propriation of $54,000 to treat with certain refrac-

tory Indians, he, in company with a special com-
mission, last August visited these tribes, re-
maining with them over two months, and after
entertaining the representatives of 75,000 Indians,
and expending $3,000 in presents, and ratifying a
treaty, only expended $lO,OOO for this object. This
is the first instance of this character on record at
the Indian Bureau.

The records of the Freedmen's Bureau show that

the aggregate number of sick refugees and freedmen
that are now inmates of hospitals and asylums, in
the several districts of the Bureau, to be as follows :
Virginia, 569 ; District of Columbia, 226 ; South
Carolina, 221; North Carolina, 215 ; Alabama,
87 ; Georgia, 274 ; Mississippi, 100 ; Florida, 38 ;
Louisiana, 118 ; Arkansas, 128 ; Kentucky, 87.
Total number, 2,763.

General Butler has addressed a Republican gather-
ing at Gloucester, Massachusetts, on the 25th ult.

He said the issues of 1860 were still before the
country. The rebels had " forfeited their property,
their rights, and even their lives, if rebels were
hanged, which unfortunately they were not." He
denounced the Philadelphia Convention as composed
of men who did not truly represent their consti-
tuencies. He referred to the New Orleans riot, and
said that the President had tried to gloss the whole
affair over. After emitting a good deal of the

stereotyped abuse of the President and the Con-
servatives: generally, General Butler concluded
by declaring that unless the Northern people were
firm in sustaining Congress they would have their
work of the past four years to do over again. "If
this state of things cannot be altered," said General
Butler, "we will march again,: and woe be to him
who opposes us."

At the " Labour Congress," sitting at Baltimore
August 24th, the following resolutions were passed :
—Never to relax their efforts to enforce 8 hours
as a legal day's work. That each working man
should enrol himself in a trade union, where one
existed, or to form one if it did not already exist.
That all newspapers favouring the Labour movement
should receive the support and patronage of the
working men. That they hailed with delight the
organisation of co-operative stores and workshops
in the country. That the system of prison labour,
which enabled employers to obtain from Govern-
ment cheaper labour than could be rendered by honest
mechanics having families to support, should be
stopped ; and that no prison labour should be
granted except at the same rates of wages demanded
by mechanics outside. That they pledge individual
and undivided support to the sewing-women of
America, and solicite3 their hearty co-operation,
knowing that no class stood more in need of amelio-
ration of position. Attention was invited to the
objects of the American Industrial Agency, which
proposes the capitalisation of the surplus earnings
of labour, for the twofold purpose of promoting an
increased production of cotton, and of aiding and
elevating the working classes. Capitalists were
urged to consider the blessings to be derived from
investing their means in the erection of suitable
dwellings for the labouring classes, to insure pro-
per ventilation and to avoid overcrowding, leading
to vice, pauperism, and crime. That the whole
public domain should be disposed of to actual
settlers only, and that proper officers be appointed
to carry the foregoing resolutions into effect : —"That
a maximum price be fixed for the whole agricultural
domain to be disposed of to actual settlers only ;
and in cases where the legislators might wish to
make public works, as railways, bridges, roads,
agricultural colleges, &c., &c., it should be con-
sidered unjust to make special grants of these lands,
but only the proceeds thereof. That this Congress
deprecates " strikes," and recommends all other
honourable means before such a course be taken. The
formation of mechanics' institutes, lyceums, read-
ing-rooms, and buildings for such purposes, was
recommended as a means of advancing the intel-
lectual culture and social improvement of the work-
ing-man. That, in case of pressure from want of
employment, the working men were recommended
to proceed to the public lands and become actual
settlers, as this Labour Congress believes that if the
industry of the country could be coupled with its
natural advantages, it would be both an individual
relief and a national advantage. After some routine
business, and a prayer from Mr. Emmons, the
Congress adjourned.

The American journals are full of details of the
horrible massacre of New Orleans. We transcribe

to our columns some of the more important de-
spatches on the subject. It is the Southern party
which should most fiercely denounce this terrible
tragedy, for it is their cause which has been stricken
by the fatal blow. If the Philadelphia Convention
fails in its object, it will be mainly due to this brutal
exhibition of feeling—a feeling which has sunk deep
in the Northern mind. Major Monroe has done
more by one act of barbarous inhumanity to injure
his cause than the combined and energetic efforts of
the Southern party in the North can undo. The
consequence of the New Orleans massacre may be
more momentous than is yet dreamt of, and more
lamentable in its results. But the Northern people
should not forget the excitable nature of those born
under so hot a sun, and the long years of provocation
which the conquest and military occupation of their
native city must have generated. Nor should the
condemnation be general for the wickedness of one
mob. The Chicago Tribune closes an article on
Sheridan's despatches, in these words :—" Mr. John-
son is coming to Chicago with this blood of loyal
men upon his garments. We advise loyal citizens
to avoid him as they would any other convicted
criminal. Let those who approve of the New
Orleans massacre run after him and hurrah for him.
Let all others favour him with silence and yield him
room."

The following letter was written to Governor
Wright, the popular Minister of the United States
at the Court of Berlin, on the occasion of the re-
ceipt of 25 tons of American ice, sent by the Ame-
ricans of Hamburgh (through the enterprising firm
of J. R. M'Donald and Co., of that city), and
which were contributed for the wounded Prussian
and Austrian soldiers :
Copy of a letter from Count Bismarck.

enough to communicateentcolosod letter you had boon good
for colt rwhi
that munificent donation of me,
I see the contributors to
hospitals,ch ba
Berlin, Aust 9th.
Dear Sir,--From the
ibne:lnudeeenat csounc---
cessively from llainburgh fo
sideral number of your count
already conveyed to tho corngrattZ. Tho War-office has
the
thanks of Ills Ma-
jesty's Government for the patriotic feeling
the gift, and for the inestimable benefit which prompted
conferred upon
our wounded soldiers. It becomes now n y pleasant duty
to add the expression of my sentiments of deep'l
at the active sympathy evinced by citizonsofgtratification
States with our struggle, which, undertaken for lic'United
de-
fence of our homes, will, under od's blessing, secure the
condition to Germany of national life, and to Euro- the
ef
lasting poaco.—Believe me, clear Sir, yours very Sincerely,'
BismAncK.
Joseph A. Wright, Envoy Extraordinary, •
and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States.

American securities slightly retrograded during the
early part of this week ; but a demand set in from
the Continent, and 5-20's have recovered a good part
of the depreciation. Atlantic and Great 'Western
Debentures, after being similarly affected, have
rallied in the same way. The securities of this great
American railway are becoming better understood,
and command greater attention. The Erie Railway
shares and Illinois Central have also improved.
But the great speculation continues to be directed
to all descriptions of shares connected with the
Atlantic Telegraph Cable. The jobbers on the
Stock EaohAnge are, for the most part, " bears,"

and whenever the public show a disposition to sell
the " House" instantly responds by throwing down
the market, which at once bring in buyers, and
again forces up the shares. This accounts for the
great fluctuations. The intrinsic value is so great
that the market cannot droop much, in spite of it
being the interest of the jobbers that it should. A
youngmember of the Stock Exchange, who operated
for a fall in these shares, is unable to meet his en-
gagements. The English Funds continue steady,
although they have been slightly affected by the
unfavourable weather, and the consequent rise in
the price of wheat.
Mr. Wendell Phillips has declined the nomination
to Congress which was offered to him by the working men
of Boston.

Frederick Douglass, the negro orator, has been
unanimously appointed by the Republicans of Rochester
delegate to the State Convention of New York, this being
the first instance of a negro receiving a similar appoint-
ment from any political party in America.
_ _

Professor Newton, of Yale College, Connecticut,
predicts a great fall of meteors on tho 13th or 11th of
November next, and thinks it will be the last of this
century.

New volumes of poetry from Longfellow and
Whittier will appear during the coming season.
Numerous suites for damages ore account of false
imprisonment have been commenced against Secretary
Stanton, who, it is said, will take refuge behind the Con-
gressional enactment, protecting officials against prosecu-
tion for acts done in discharge of public duties.

General Butler has made a speech denouncing
the President, and advocating the exclusion of the South
from representation indefinitely.

A strong body of Federal soldiers have been
stationed as a guard at the residence of Governor Wells,
in New Orleans, at his own urgent request.

Allegard Woolard, aged 105 years, died near
Lebanon, Tennessee, last month. Ile was born in North
Carolina, was a sailor in early life, and emigrated to Wilson
county, Tennessee, over sixty years ago.

Henry 'Ward Beecher reports an income, for last
year, of $9,000.
The number of deaths from cholera in New York
thus far reported is 1,172 ; in Cincinatti, 1,050 ; and in St.
Louis, 1,300.

Some amusement has been caused at Washington
by one of the President's friends having franked and sent
to various parts of the country 5,000 copies of a very
Radical document, having mistaken it for one favourable
to the Presidential policy.

Juarez has sent messengers to enlist the Indians
of Eastern Texas as sharpshooters in his army, which,
since his recent successes, has been largely increased from
various sources.

A band of desperadoes attacked and broke up a
negro camp-meeting at Hanover, Maryland, 31st August,
several nogroos being injured.
South American advices received in New York
up to August 1 state that tho allied republics have de-
termined to continuo a retaliatory war upon Spanish com-
merce.

The Charleston and Savannah Railroad is to be
sold on the 20th of November.
A cheese weighing three and a half tons has been
manufactured in Canada.

A quarry of superb variegated marble has been
discovered in Alabama, near tho Chattanooga Railroad.

For six weeks not a drop of rain had fallen on
the city of Chattanooga, and during all the time the ther-
mometor had ranged, during the middle of the day from
92 to 102 degrees.

General Sheridan has been applied to for protec-
tion by many of the Union citizens, and the Tribune, the
only loyal daily newspaper in the city, has been forced to
suspend publication through fear of mob violence.
Forty-eight deaths from cholera occurred in New
Orleans during last Saturday and Sunday. The disease
continues to abate in New York and Brooklyn. Only
21 cholera deaths were reported in Cincinnati yesterday.
In St. Louis the epidemic carried off 47 victims in the 24
hours ending yesterday morning.

The Proposed Medical Acts Amenment Bill.

(From the "Anglo-American Times.")

Robert Hunter, Esq., M.D., is a licensed practitioner of
Canada, with a degree of Doctor of Medicine conferred by
the University of New York. This gentleman makes pub-
lic in the present pamphlet a series of letters from himself
to the Secretary of State for Home Affairs and to the
General Medical Council, claiming for his fellow-practi-
tioners, whose degrees have been granted by properly con-
stituted collegiate bodies both in our colonies and abroad,
the right of practising in the United Kingdom without tak-
ing out a fresh license from ono of the nineteen bodies au-
thorised here for the purpose. Dr. Hunter declares that the
colleges both in Canada and in the United States require a
higher degree of proficiency from their candidates before
they grant diplomas than those bodies, morn especially
than the Royal College of Surgeons. Ho maintains that

the certificates of proficiency issued by these foreign col-
leges on being duly authenticated, should, without further
examination, qualify those to whom they wore granted to
practise in England. He states that the licenses
issued by the constituted bodies in England aro thus
accepted universally abroad ; and urges the injustice of
the profession in England claiming this right abroad, at
the same time that they deny it to their foreign profes-
sional brethren. Dr. Hunter writes with great force, but
not without asperity. He commences the series by a
letter to the Home Secretary, in which the whole subject
is ably argued. This letter was forwarded to the General
Medical Council, calling for their observations thereon,
and was replied to by Dr. Burrows, the president. Tho
answer is, certainly a weak reply. The attack is con-
tinuedphysician,
21 and 22 Victoria,who carefully draws up
chap.
a synopsis by t the Colonialt
he m
e dical
Act,
90, which the Medical Council propose to modify and
amend, so as to exclude all practitioners in the United
Kingdom, not licensed by one of the nineteen bodies, and
forwards a copy to each member of the Lords and Com-
mons. By the new act every American and Colonial phy-
sician becomes liable to a fine of £2O for using the title
of Doctor of Medicine, although regularly conferred by a
foreign or colonial university. All who were in practice
before Ist October, 1858, were not to be interfered with,
but those arriving after are held by the new law to be
quacks, liable to be arraigned before a magistrate, and
fined £2O for every prescription they make. This law does
not confine itself to making the home countries an exclu-
sive preservl3, but by an Imperial act of usurpation it de-
clares English practitioners to have the right of practising
in all the colonies. Dr. Hunter points out the fact that the
Imperial Parliament has no power to extend beyond the
United Kingdom the right of practice in medicine ; that
right is conceded, and English physicians everywhere re-
ceived on equal terms by their professional brethren
abroad. He warns the Medical Council that the colonies
will resent the passage of the Act he denounces, and that
it will eventually lead to to the exclusion of British medical
practitioners from the licence of pursuing their profession in
the colonies, without undergoing a similar probation
there, to which colonial physicians are subjected here.
He shows that the whole body will bo the main losers by
such restrictions, for while thousands of English physicians
seek abroad a field in which to exercise their profession
few colonial physicians return with this object to
England.

Dr. Hunter next addresses a letter to Dr. Burrows, dated
January 3d, 1866, calling his attention to a paragraph in the
Lancet, referring to a recent conference of a delegation
from the General Council with the Home Secretary with
regard to the modification of the Medical Act. He wishes
to ascertain whether the modifications will benefit, or
otherwise, the status of colonial and American physicians
and surgeons residing in England. He repeats his argu-
ments, and received 12th January a reply from the Presi-
dent, embodying, in a few words, a defence of the modifi-
cations proposed, without stating what those modifications
are. On the 21st May, Dr. Hunter again addresses Dr. Bur-
rows ; again requesting that copies of the proposed restric-
tions to be imposed on colonial medical mon in England should
be furnished to him. The registrar of the Council writes
in reply, stating that they will shortly be made public.
On the 19th July Dr. Hunter again addresses the Presi-
dent, complaining that though several months had elapsed,
and that a long and important session of the delegates from
the medical colleges had been hold in London, yet no
communication had boon received bj him on the subject
of the letters he had written. In a long and able letter he
advocates the claims of colonial physicians and those of
America and other foreign countries to the privilege of
practising in England, a right they so freely concede to
English physicians. In this letter he controverts the
statements made by Dr. Burrows in his letter to him of
the 12th January, and he ends by announcing his intention
to place this correspondence in the hands of the Govern-
ment to ask from it that protection for the colonial pro-
fession, and that justice for foreign physicians resident in
England, which the Medical Council has denied. On the
23d July he fulfils this intention, and submits to the
Honourable S. H. Walpole copies of the letters to which
wo have alluded, and in a short summary epitomises for
his information his objections to the Act, and more parti-
cularly to the amendment thereof, and winds up iu the
following words :

" I respectfully submit the whole question to your con-
sideration, with the hope that you will give no official
sanction to any measure containing provisions which
would affect injuriously the status of colonial and foreign
physicians in England, without affording me a further
opportunity to oppose it by every legitimate means within
my power.—l have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient
servant,
"ROBERT HUNTER, M.D."
This closes, so far,
the controversy. The position
taken by Robert Hunter, Esq , 31. D , is fair and honor-
able to himself. Ho has
come' forward as the cham-
pion of colonial and foreign physicians, to make a
determined stand against a measure which he de-
nounces to bo not only injurious, but insulting to his
class. Theoretically he is right ; for, as he says, the
study of medicine is universal,
and less local in its appli-
cation gum perhaps any dila fjci9lice. Great talent and

great success should command the best field, in justice
both to that talent, and, still more, to the human race.
Our Free-trade principles should be practically applied as
universally as they can be made applicable. There may
be objections practically on which we are not qualified to
pronounce an opinion. No science is so hid in mystery
as that of medicine ; and from ignorance, presumption, and
assumption mankind has suffered more than from any other
cause from the hands of their fellow-men. War has done
much to destroy the human race, but prescriptions have
done more. It i; however, manifestly absurd for England
to assume that no diplomas aro of value save those granted
by herself. America, availing herself of the war, has made
immense strides in surgery. No doubt local causes must
influence extensively local practice. Constitutions vary
all over the world as well as diseases. Certain climates
produce special results on the human frame, the effects of
which are best known to the physicians who have long
witnessed and treated them. There is, however, no pro-
fession the brotherhood of which should be so universal,
and it is clearly a wise policy that the fraternity should be
drawn together, and every advance in the science intro-
duced everywhere for the advantage of all. This great
object cannot he obtained by restrictions, and we can
scarcely imagine anything more gross than prohibiting by
legal enactment the right of even assuming a title gained
in a foreign university.