The Sun.
London, England, 1832-11-08 00:00:00

(From the Journal des Debuts.)

PARIS —There is something so unexpected in tl:e turn
which affairs have taken in Spain, that the most practised
observers have found themselves at fault. It is even at a
moment when, with the exception, of a single question, on
which the wishes of France and England do not permit
two lines of cenduct—it is at the moment when the Go-
vernment of Spain seemed more profoundly wrapt than
ever in its political prejudices—that all at once the chiefs
of a system disappear from the scene, which system no-
thing before seemed- to threaten. Men and things are
bloc n away by the breath of the Court, and the signal
was given by an event which no human sagacity could
foresee—a King who died and came to life again !
Every thing was brought to stake on the day wl e❑ Fer-
dinand VII. was about to descend into the tomb of the
Escurial. The report of the King's death was no
sooner credited than the Queen, by the move-
ment at the Palace, could foresee the fate to
which her widowhood was destined. Abandoned by her
mast intimate confidents, she might even contemplate her
own exile. The crowd of courtiers pressed around Don
Carlos ; the most serious ac's were about to fellow
this mere and vulgar adulation. The law of Fer-
dinand VII., which closed against Caries the road to the
throne in behalf of the female branch of the family, seemed
already annulled by a Decree, the signature to which had
been obtained from the Kin: while he was in his lethargy,
and the firmness of a single Magistrate, faithful to his duty,
alone prevented its promulgation. The courage of the
Queen was re•auimaied by the presence and energetic ex-
hortations of the Infanta Louisa Charlotte, the wife of
ti e Infant Do❑ Francis i2e Paul : the courageous Princess
showed her sister the danger by which she was threat-
ened—she encouraged her to brave it. The King gave
some signs of life—the hope of his restoration strength-
ered—a fortunate crisis prolonged his days. They
crowded round Ferdinand Vll.—they represented to him
that his Ministers were devoted to bon Carlos—it was
proved to him that his signature had been surreptitiously
obtained ; and these circumstances revealed to him the
fate that awaited the Queen, whom he cherished
with the most tender affection. That was suffi-
cient ; the veil was rent, and the Regency was con-
ferred on the Queen while the King was unwell. Dismis-
sals, banishments, struck the men around the throne who
had not waited till it was vacant to abandon it. Ali the
heads of the Apostolical faction were dismissed from their
high offices, and even sent away from the capital ; and the
Queen, already known by the humanity of her character,
was able to begin her new career by a grateful act, ex.
pected in vain for ten years—by an amnesty, as extensive
as was suitable to, and was authorised by, the sudden tran-
sition from a system of despotism and re. action to a sys-
tem of moderation and liberty. The men called upon to
take the offices of the dismissed Ministers belong, almost
all of them, to the party known in Spain by the name of
Anilleros. They are enlightened men, and favourable
to English notions. The Duke de Frias, Castanos,
11i r-
tinez de la Rosa, Zea de Bermudez, the Doke De San
Fes nando, are appointed, on the refusal of M. Z -a, to the
President.), of the Council. These are the men who are
the most distinguished of this party ; and they almost all
again appear at once on the political scene. It is now
a question how and to what extent this species of Royal
Revolution in men will be followed out in events.
Two systems offer themselves :—To endow the country,
in the name of the Royal authority. with administrative
and judicial meliorations—to consolidate a power, strength.
ened by division, to break down the spirit of castes, of cor-
porations, and of loc,dities—finally, to give to Spain the
central power which Spain wants. Such is the first of
the two systems. The other, which will be preferred by
most enlightened people. is the development of the muni-
eip al system of local franchises and provincial Cortes.
To more tha❑ any other country the federative system
will be suitable to Spain, as soon as she is assured of her
relations with France. We are only now reasoning, it
must he understood, on the supposition, that the state of
the public mind in Spain will not allow of a more rapid
and complete development of Constitutional Institutions ;
but, above all things, we believe that Spain must have
Spanish freedom and Spanish rights. Her municipal or-
ganization—the long annihilation of her nubility—the
want of a large middle class—the long and exclusive pos-
session of public employments by a few men—the high
character of what is called in other countries the lower
classes, their disinterestedness, their fidelity—here are so
many distinctive characteristics which make Spain a
country by itself, and which require that it should he seen
and judged of under a corresponding point of view which
may be called Spanish. A single day does not build up
a Democratic Theocracy, or a Constitutional Monarchy.
(From Galignani's Messenger of Tuesday.)

Pamir, Nov. 6.—The reserve division of cavalry yes-
terday commenced its march towards the frontier. It con-
sists of four regiments of cuirassiers, which have been
quartered at Beauvais, Compeigne, Meaux, and Melon.
General Gentil Sainte Alphonse, who has the command
of the division, is at Compeigne, and will set out imme-
diately after the departure of the last squadron.
Accounts from Calais state that, within the last fort-
night, there have been sent from that arsenal to Lille
17,000 balls, 24-pounders, and 25,000 kilogrammes of
gunpowder; and also to Dom), an immense supply of
stores for the engineers and artillery. In return, there
have been received at the arsenal from Lille 4,000 mus-
kets and 1,325 sabres of the new model.
The Handelsblad of Amsterdam, of the 2d instant,
which has arrived by express, contains the following
postscript ,
"We have this instant (four o'clock) learnt, from a
source which may be said to be official, that, at a late
hour in the night, the Government received a despatch
from Antwerp, with the copy of a note sent yesterday
evening by General Chasse to General Buzen, Com-
mandant of the Belgian forces in the city and
province of Antwerp, declaring that, on the first move-
ment either of the fleet or army of France, and without
waiting for any act of aggression on their part, be (Ge-
neral Chasse) would act upon the orders of his Sove-
reign, to use all the means within his power to prevent
the violation of sacred rights by a foreign force ; and that,
in pursuance of these orders, he gave notice that he should
be under the painful necessity of firing with ail his artil-
lery upon the city of Antwerp, upon the first appearance
of a French fig in the neighbourhood of the places occu-
pied by the Dutch. He adds, that the Belgian Govern.
ment must take this as a sufficient warning, as be should
not make any further commanication."
We learn from Manbeim, in the Grand Duchy of Ba-
den, that great ferment has prevailed in that town, and
the Government has forbidden all assemblages of the
people, ordered patrols of troops to parade the streets, and
taken other strong measures of repression, but the causes
are not known.

The Breton, of Nantes, contains the following on the
pielent state of La Vendee :—" At the commencement of

the season, which renders the movements of the troops
more difficult, the Chouans, excited by motng new instiga-
tions, are oar to have assumed fresh courage."
The Augsburg Ga-ette of the 2d instant has a letter
from Vienna of the 27 h ult., expressing hopes that,
notwithstanding the warlike aspect of .:ffairs in Holland
and Belgium, the cautious policy of the Great Cabi-
nets will preserve Europe from great calamitie<.
The letter concludes thus:—" The sailing of the Eng-
lish and French squadrons will, probably, not eff-ct
any essential change in the present state of politics; for
the Cabinet of the Hague has taken such measures of de-
fence on the Dutch coast that little is to be feared from a
blockade, which in winter can neither be general nor com-
plete. On the other hand, the commerce of England
would suffer considerably. It is hoped, therefore, that,
after a short time, when the Cabinets of France and Eng-
land shall perceive the fruitlessness of the attempt, they
will again have recourse to negotiation, and terminate the
differences amicably."
A letter, of the Ist instant, from Frankfort on the
Maine, after noticing the arrival there of Count Pezzo di
Margo, and his previous visits to Berlin, Vienna, Munich,
Stuttgart, and Darmsta It, says, " It will be readily be-
lieved that this visit of the Envoy of the Emperor Nicho-
las to Frankfort has not been taken merely for the pur-
pose of making and receiving the accustomed compliments
of our diplomatists, who have truly done their best to
entertain this important personage. All that has hitherto
transpired on this subject is, that M. Paso di B ergo was
comosissioned to prevail on the Sovereigns of Get many to
maintain, both at home and abroad, the political system of
which the Autocrat Alexander was the founder, and
which his successor Nicholas wishes to continue. But as
it is impossible for this dip'omatist to visit the thirty-
eight Courts of Germany, he has come to Frankfort,
where lie found their several representatives, and
could communicate to them jointly all the injunctions of
his Cabinet. It is also stated that Russia has proposed to
the Diet, through the same medium, a treaty for an alliance
off nsive and defensive, by which the Powers engage to
assist each other on all occasions in which the particular
interests of the one or the other might be compromised.
This treaty comprises the reciprocal guarantee of the pre-
sent statu quo, and of the respective possessions, saving
such modifications as may be agreed upon according to
circumstances."
The Genoa Gazette announces that the Italian re-
fugees who were at Bastia have been suddenly embarked,
in virtue of orders from the Frenc:i Government, to be
conveyed to Rodez, department of the Aveyron. Two
police-officers were present to superintend the embarkation.
Le Journal des Debits reports that the entry of the
French troops into Beljurn must be considered as merely
a military expedition, not a war ; and that there is not
any ground for apprehending the existence of hostile feel-
ings in the rest of Europe, as predicted by the opposition
papers. La France Nouvelle and Le Nouvelliste hold
similar language.