The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-08 00:00:00

/~~~~~~

POLICY OF 041:4:
• ‘•
•
,tO%.
1.---The • InralMe it% an 44 rji w
words • apropos of the. Cong,*ejA;lr' the
following terms the policy.talisi_. eutellibyAlissia
in the regulation of--the-questions'iehich are io be
submitted to the
rdeliberatiores of the Congress. The
Russian journal says
" Let us examine -w-hat—iire- the principal ppints
to which the Congress Will direct its inquiria!s. It
would have been extremely. useful in the month
of April last, because it would have_ prevented a
terrible loss of blood between two powerful and
warlike nations. At present it . has otitis to
pronounce on facts accomplished previous to and
since the war- The first question that present( it-
self is this :—What powers ought AO be invited
to take part in it ? First, the Congre,ss oughtiter-
tainly to be composed of representatives fro& the
five great Powers. According to the principles laid
down at the Congress of Vienna no change should
take place in Europe without the consent ec the
five
grosshl'aoocflriv.e ries. The
andf
nn
rorm(o
Verona,7endgr '.a cc ssAuoeixrci:.:r.
a
ibe;n4it`fcti he
other Powers. The war between Franceand Spain
for the re-establishment of Ferdinand VII. was not
the result of that Congress. The kingdom of Greece
was established by three Powers only. Belgium
was separates from Holland by a conference ofehe
great Powers assembled in London. Again. irCthe
Month of April last, it was proposed to convokeihe
five great Powers solely to decide the fate of Italy.
At present it is determined to appeal to a Congress
of all the Powers who signed the treaty of Vienna,
Which treaty has undergone a change by the ,pre-
sent situation of Italy and Naples. Rome and Sar-
dinia will moreover be admitted. The approaching
Congress will have first to settle the affairs of Cen-
tral Italy. It is necessary to re-establish the order
of
acknowledged
facts
sawechoihnelp
mexistedaccomplished
s n esince .previous
thesto tb the April sotti;ahree
? If the majority of the Powers adispt
the first of these two alternatives the Congress must
find means to execute the eecree of the European
Areopagus. Should the employment of force become
necessary, to what Power will be entrusted the exe-
cution of the clause ? Above all, the Congress will
have to enter on the question of right. The Congress
of Zurich decided thet the rights of the Grand 'jukes
are reserved. England, on the contrary, maintains
that the people have aright to choose their sorerei,gri
and the form of their government. That. Power re•
minds the others, end that with some reason,. that
France, Sweden, and herself have already applied
that principle. The Bourbons, the descendants: of
Gustavus Wasa, and the Stuarts no longer reign in
these countries. She maintains that Europe, havipg
already admitted that principle in Belgium and in
Greece, can scarcely repudiate it in Central Italy.
This will be the first danger for the Congress, Lc-
cause Austria, France, the Pope and with them
Spain, Portugal, and Naples, will not fail to main-
tain that the rights of the dispossessed dynasties are
sacred and immutable. But this is a merely histori-
cal question. while the rights of the Grand Dukes
of Central Italy constitute a thorny question. These
Sovereigns arc connected with Austria by family ties
and by treaties. Austria commenced the war in spike
of the representations of Europe ; she should, corm,-
quently,endure the fate of war, and submit to all its
consequences. Austria and France have resolved
to restore the Grand Dukes, but they had not the
right to do so without the consent of Europe. Not
being permitted to proceed to an armed interven-
tion, they have recour-e to moral stimulants and to
persuasion to induce the people to replace the dis-
possessed Sovereigns on their thrones. All,theSe
proceedings have as yet failed of success, and the
solution of this question will be referred to the Con-
gress. But the Congress, while confirming the
dynastic right, will find itself involved in great
difficulties if it wishes to restore the Dukes by
force of arms. The influence of one Power will
carry with it others. War will break out again,
and we declare that it will then become a war im-
possible to localize or to circumscribe. Such
is the object of the deliberations of the ap-
proaching Congress. We repeat. the opinion we
have frequently expressed, that the affairs of Italy
are not the only ones which ought to occupy the
Congress. Four years have elapsed since the isoYi-
elusion of the treaty of Paris. has the object thin
promised been obtained ? Where is regenerated
Turkey ? lies she become a European Power ?
Ibis the persecution of the Christians ceased ? Iles
Europe obtained gusrantecs of tranquillity in that,
quarter? Is fanaticism extinguished ? Can it
ever be hoped that Christians and Mahomedans
shall ever be equal before the law ?"

11E4LTII OF LoNboN DURING THE

WEEK.

(From the Report of the Reyistror-General.)

The total number of deaths registered in London
in the wekk that ended Inst Saturday was 1,301,
being nearly the same ns that returned for the
preceding week. In the 1(1 years 1819-58 the
average number of death. in the weeks correspond-
ing with Inst week was 1.233; but as the deaths
included in the present return occurred inn papula•
lion that has increased. they should be compared
with the average raised in proportion to the in-
crease—namely, with 1.356. The result is that the
deaths of last week were less by 5 2 than the num-
ber that would have occurred if the average rate of
mortalit v for the end of November had ruled.

The deaths from pulnonary diseases, exclusive
of phthi..is, declined last week from 314 to 284. (if
these figures the chief constituent. is bronchitis,
which &dined lrom 108 to 107. The mortality
from!, small-pox increases, for the deaths from
this disease in the last three weeks were succesNively
29, 30, and 39. Eleven of these 30 occurred to
persons who were 15 years old and under 60. Mr.
Mears, the registrar of the sub-district of Waterloo,
first. part, registered it death from small-pox last
week in Salutation-place: where he states that many
cases have occurred. Scarlatina was fatal in 87
cases ; diphtheria in 13. The former seems still to
prevail much in Islington ; there were also four
deaths from it. in Cripplegate ; seven in Mile-end
Old Town ; four in not herhithe. Ten children
died front suffocation in bed, nparently by acoident,
four were murdered ; 16 died from having been horn
prematurely. Six nonngenarians appear in the re-
turns ; the oldest died at the age of 97 years.
week the births of 915 boys and 912 girls,
in nll 1.827 children, were registered in London.
In the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1819-
58, the average number was 1,609.

METROPOLITAN WATERS IN Novrtmnr.R, 1859.
The analysts of the London waters made by Dr.
Robert. ])undns Thompson, F.R:S., in the month of
Nevember exhibit. the gradual increase of the solid
itnpurities as the moist s,fason advances. Those
samples in which the impo-ity is ~realest were
taken after a rain-fall. For the of comparison,
the composition of the water of Loch
.K.utrine, the
new•supplv to Glasgow, and of one. of impure
surface wells of London is added:—' JO tirn

TotaljniplAty palm
ittt•-
per ga !lon. purity.
grs• vtdt!btrnolgra. or cteg.
... 01) 00

Distilled 'Water

Loch liatrine water, new supply • r
to In su•ow „ . 2'll.
Well, l'ailc-cieseent, Itezent's-pk. .100.32

O.R
15.92

TILILMES COMPANIES,

Chelsea .

Southwark

1S•41
]S•O
22 i 6
3901
21.56

1.72
2.36
2'52
I.B}
2'20

Grand Junction

West Middlesex

Lambeth

OTHER COMPANIES.
East London
New River
Kent

The table is read thus—Loch Eatrine 'water contains in the
gallon 2'14 degrees or _rains 01 foreign matter in solution, of
which 0•S degrees or grains are ot -vegetable or animal origin.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the.mcan
height of the barometer in the week was 29.741 in.
The readings rose from 29 37 in. on Wednesday to
30.07 in. on Saturday, being respectively the lowest
and highest in the week. The mean temperature
of the air in the week was 37.3 deg., which if 4.3
deg. below the average of the same week in 43 years
(as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily
temperature fell below the average on Monday,
and the measure of depression almost continually
increased, till it was nearly 10 deg. on Saturday.
The daily range of temperature was very uniform,
and the mean ill the week was 81 deg. The
thermometer in the shade fell froln 48 deg. on Sun-
day to 29 deg. on Saturday, which were the highest
and lowest respectively. The entice range in the,
week was there ore 19. The difference between
the mean dew-point temperature and air temprra-'
ture was 3'2 deg. The mean degree of humidity.
of the air, was 89 ; on Friday. the „humidity was',
approximating to the point of complete saturation,
100. Snow fell on Tuesday; Friday, and Saturday;l
and the amount of rain and.melted snow measured-
in the week was 118 in. More than half an inch,
of rain fell on Monday. The wind, which was
' chiefly in the iouth-West on the first three'days,-
.
blew from a northerly point after Tuesday, and on,
the last two days from north-east.
..

- BREACH OF THE' FACTORY Acr.—At the petty
sessions, Burnicy' On Monday, Messrs. H. and E. Rawlin-
ger), Burnley-wood, appeared to answer to a summons for a
breachof the Factory Act, on the ever lag of the 3d of N. -
vember, in having young persons at work after six o'clock.
Mr. Jones, sub-inspector of factories, stated that at eleven
minutes past six on the' vening named he found the engin()
running and the machinery in operation. Sixty-lour
names of young persons were taken, and that numbn of
Summonses issued. but only sixty had been served. It
acing the second offence within the year, the bentsfined
the defendants £2 in each of the fifty cases, making, to-
iet'•:n. with the casts, in all £13..; Es.
A FRUITFUL VINE.— Last wt?ek the wife of
;atye;teeper, named
.Forman, of:Cul ford, gave birth to three,
boys. She had twins on two previCus fia
eluezac—Bury
acid .No? wick Post.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,!
• COVENT-GARDEN.
Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison.
THIS EVENING, DINCr R A H. Messrs. Santley, H.
Corrt, StiLlbin, and W. Harrison ; Miss Pilling. Miss Thirl-
wall, and knits Louisa Pyne.
Conductor, Alfred Mellon.
Ballet, LA FIANCEE. Messrs. W. H. Payne, H. Payne,
F. Payne, Mdlle. Lequine, Pasquale, Pierron, Clara Morgan,
and Mons. Vandris.
Doors open at half-past 7—Commence at 8 o'clock.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY LANE.-THIS
EVENING, PROMENADE CONCERT, conducted by
ly. Manns, of the Crystal Palace. Concerts commence at 8.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Backstone.
THIS EVENING the pertormances will commence with
A CURE FOR THE HEARTACHE.
After which, by. desire, THE CONTESTED ELECTION.
]lr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, &c.
♦nd A KISS IN THE DARK.