The Sun.
London, England, 1835-02-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1835.

thereby improving an extremely bad neighbourhood, and
removing some intolerable nuisances. After a desultory
conversation, during which it was contended orf the one
hand, that the magistrates could not interfere, inasmuch as
the whole expense would be thrown on the county, and
represe-Ited on the other that the improvement was most
desirable, the memorial was referred to a Committee.

There being no other business to: transact, the Court
then rose.

BRUSSELS PAPERS.

FRONTIERS OF ITALY, J. 20.—According to accounts
which are worthy of credit, the Austrian troops will eva-
cuate by the first of May, the position which they hile hi-
therto occupied in the Roman States, at which time the
French will probably leave Ancona. In fact, the further
-esence of foreign troops in the Papal dominions seems to
e of no use, that is, if they arc to preserve puhlie tranquil-

tt ; for if the people are not perhaps entirely satisfied with
the Government, the revolutionists have lost all courage,
since they have become convinced that thcv cannot depend
on any assistance from abroad. In ,rerwral, the appearance
of affairs in Upper Italy, is extremely pacific. In the Sar-
dinian States, the compliment of all the Regiments, except
the Guards, have been considerably reduced. The number
of horses for the Cavalry, which are for the most part fur-
nished by Germany, is considerably less than of late years.
Lastly, the regiments comprising the Austrian army in the
kingdom of Lombardy and Venice, which have hitherto
been on the war establishment, send home the men who
have served their time, and we do not yet hear of any in-
tention of 044 up the vacancies by fresh men. It is even
conjectured that if the Tory 'Ministry in England should be
consolidated, which must soon appear, the whole of the
Austrian army in Italy, will be placed on the peace esta-
blishment.

HANOVER, FEB, s.—His Majesty the King has been
pleased to grant the sum of 3,000/. sterling from his privy
purse towards the erection of an additional wing to the
University of Gottingen.
VIENNA, FEB. 3.—(By Express.)—Four per cent. Me-
talliques, 93 7-16 ; Bank Shares, 1 ;283 to 1486-I.
Frankfort Paper, Feb. 9.
GHENT, FEB. 10.--We learn that the fine cotton manu-
factory, which has been long established at Lierre, belong-
ing to the House of Heyder Danve, is going to be
transferred from Belgium to Rolland, with all the machinery,
&e., that can possibly be removed, and the workmen who
are willing to remove with it.
The journal L' Industrie says, " We are able to announce
the completing of the Army of the German Confederation
to the number of .-4.60,000 mcn, and the putting in motion
the Bth and 9th corps of that army to occupy the Grand
Duchy of Luxemburg, while another 'part of the same
troops is preparing to form a cordon to cut off the inter-
course between Grmany and Switzerland, and the troops
of Austria and Sardinia will separate it from Italy : we
mention also the assembling of the Austrian forces in Lom-
bardy, Tyrol and Trieste ; the organitation of a Prussian
army under the command of the Prince Royal of Prussia,
and the assembling of 200,000 men between Kalisch and
Ostrow, as soon as the roads shall be fit for the military
equipages and artillery.
BRUSSELS, JAN. 9.—Lord Brougham an iyed at Bruz-
sels yesterday:.
The conveyance of the letters to and from Holland is
now completely organized, and if the exchanffae of the
mails is not yet made officially, it is, however, done with
all possible regularity and safety. The two offices have
already acknowledged to each other the receipt of regular
packets.

BRUBSELS, FEB. 10.—Lord Brougham had an audience
of the King yesterday at noon. His Lordship then went
to the Chamber of Representatives, accompanied by Sir
R. Adair. As nothing interesting_ was under discussion,
his Lordship stopped but few minutes. He will be at the
bail at Court this evening.
BRUSSELS,. FEB. 11.—The Ball at Court last.night was
txtremely splendid ; it is impossible to form an idea of the
elegance and variety of the costumes.
Lord Brougham set out this morning for London ; the
political affairs which call him to England would not allow
him to make a longer stay at Brussels.

CHAMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES.-

—Frio. 9,

M. Desmanet di Briesme brought forward his motion for
inserting in the Montteur the names of the members who
absented themselves from the sittings of the Chamber. The
motion was supported by Messrs. A. Rodenbach and Gen-
debien, and ordered to be printed in the Moniteur, and dis-
cussed the following day.

BELGIAN fUNDS.—Baubst:Es, FEN. IL
Actual Debt, 2% per cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per cent
Loan of the City, Mr., 4 per cent 97
—Brussels Rapers, Feb. 12.
AUGSBURG, FEB. 6.—The Journal de Smyrne gives no
very favourable picture of the present state of Egypt and its
trade. With the exception of some very wealthy houses,
or of such as are patronized by Boghos Bey, the merchants
there are said to be in a very distressing situation. The im-
ports decrease for want of demand, and the export trade is
almost exclusively in the hands of the Government. The
Okel in Grand Cairo, where the Jews used to do a great
deal of business in coloured silk, is represented as being
now quite deserted, and in drugs also hardly any business is
doing.

Afirman of the Sultan, lately published, gives very ex-
tensive and valuable privileges to the inhabitants of Samos.
Thus the import duties on the produce of the island are re-
duced, in all the ports of the Emperor, to three per cent.
Vessels under the Samian flag are not to be liable to be
searched on passing the Dardanelles.—Allgenteine Zeitung,
Feb. 7.

MYSTERIOUS CASE OF POISONING.

Yesterday evening, an inquest was held at Middlesex
Hospital, before Mr. STIRLING, and a respectable Jury, on
view of the body of a young woman unknown, apparently
about 25 years of age, whose death was occasioned by
"prussic acid." The inquiry had been adjourned from a
former day in the hope that evidence would be obtained to
ascertain the name and connections of the unfortunate
young creature, but notwithstanding the utmost exertions
of M'lntosh, the summoning officer, he was unable to trace
any intelligence whatever on the subject. From what could
be collected, touching the distressing occurrence, it appeared
that on the evening of the 3d of Feb. inst., the deceased
was discovered in High-street, Marylebone, apparently
much intoxicated. On being questioned by some persons
who were passing by at the time, she said that some man had
given her some liquid out of a bottle and afterwards ran away.
T. Richardson, constable of police, division D, No. 76, de-
posed that he conveyed the deceased to the station-house,
in Marylebone-lane, and as she appeared very ill, Mr.
Linedlord, the superintendent on duty, ordered her removal
to this hospital. In answer to questions from the jury, the
constable said that no one knew who the deceased was ;
her appearance was that of an unfortunate outcast ; only
one pawnbroker's ticket was found on her person. Mr.
Corfe, apothecary to the hospital, deposed' that the de-
ceased died on the evening of her admission ; the body was
opened, and the contents of the stomach analyzed by an
eminent chemist, when it was discovered beyond doubt,
that the death of the deceased was oecassioued by " prussic
acid." The Coroner observed, that in all probability the
poor young woman's mind had sunk from accumulated
miseries, which her appearance evinced, and that she had
swallowed the deadly poison herself ; her exclamation of
another person having administered it to her, could not be
rationally entertained. The jury were of the coroner's
opinion, and returned a verdict, " That the deceased died
from the effects of prussic acid ; but under what circum-
stances she swallowed the same, there was no evidence."

IMPORTANT TO BANKERS.-=A case of consi-
derable interest among the legal profession and the public came
to be discussed at its first stage in the Scotch Court of Ses-
sion on Friday. Mr. Mitchell, late manager of the Western
Bank of Scotland, recently brought an action of damages for
15,0001. against the manager and secretary, as representing
the company, in reference to his removal as their manager ;
to which defences, accompanied with preliminary pleas in law,
were lodged for the bank. The preliminary defences con-
sisted of objections to the formality of the pursuer's summons,
and his incompetency or want of title, to insist in such an ac-
tion, in terms of the contract of copartnery of the bank, and
craving the Court to dismiss the action with full costs, when
the Lord Ordinary (Moncrieff) pronounced the following
udgment repelling the preliminary pleas or defences raised by
the bank :—" 6th February, 1835.—Having heard parties'
procurators on the summons and preliminary defences—Repels
the -first of these defences ; assolzes of consent the Secretary
to the bank from the conclusions of the action, and decerns,
and in so far sustains the second preliminary defence ; and in
respect the defenders acquiesce in this judgment, repelling the
first defence—of new remits this case to the jury roll."

INFORMATION .AGAINST THE STRAND THEA-
TRE.—The actors at this little theatre have been thrown into
some alarm by two summonses which have been served on
Messrs. Forrester and Williams, to appear before the Magis-
trates at Bow-street, on Tuesday next, in answer to an infor.
nation for performing at an unlicensed theatre. The informa-
tion is laid under the 25th of George the Second.

To such an extent have depredations been carried
on in fields and orchards ill the neighbourhood of this town,
that neither posts, rails, hurdles, nor any other moveable ar-
ticle can remain ; several of the proprietors and occupiers have
formed themselves into a night police, in order to detect the
depredators.—Sherborne Journal.
A COAL-PIT EXPLOSION.—A calamitousaccident
took place in Mr. Curwen's colliery at Workington, on Friday
morning last. The explosion took place in the low bottom
workings of Isabella-pit, when several men were just entering
upon their work. Two men were taken out dead, but their
bodies were not found until several hours after ; one has
since died of his wounds, and several are severely burnt,
Whitehaven Herald_

LONDON. ,
FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 13, 1835.

As the certainty of their defeat on the question of
the Speakership becomes more and more evident to
the Tories, their conviction of its fatal consequences
to the Wellington Administration betrays itself in
various ways. Sometimes the question is represented
as being one in which party feelings ought to have no
influence—as a mere matter of business to be settled
by a comparison of the qualifications, bodily and
mental, of the candidates. If this be a just
view of the matter, where is the necessity for
so much heat—we might say fury—in the discussion
of a subject so little calculated to produce irritation ?
Whence all the virulent invectives poured forth
against Mr. ABERCROMBY, and those who, thinking
him fitter for the Chair of the House of Commons
than Sir CHARLES M. SUTTON,. are determined
to support his election► ? And why has every Tory
engine been set to work to frighten the timid, to over-
awe the dependent, and to entrap the unwary, into a
vote for the late Speaker ? While the Tories pretend
to disclaim party motives, their conduct affords abun-
dant proof that they consider the choice of the Speaker,
not only a party question but one of vital importance--at
least to them. 'ln this we agree with them for once. We
are as fully persuaded as they can be, that the election of
Mr. ABERCROMBY, in opposition to Sir CHARLES
MANNERS SUTTON, though it might not produce

the immediate resignation of the Ministry, would
prepare the way for that most auspicious event.
We know well that the limpet does not cling to the
rock with greater tenacity than they cling to office ;
and, therefore, we do not expect that they will budge
for that which would make men of principle retire at
once. But their defeat on a question to which, by
their unprecedented ea:erness to gain supporters for
it, and their ill-concealed agony at the certain pros-
pect of being out-voted, they have attached the utmost
importance—the first question, too, submitted to the
decision of the new House of Commons—their own
house to boot—this defeat, we say, would, or rather
so paralyze their official muscles, that they must
relax their hold immediately, and in due time drop off
entirely.

As to the awful consequences that the despairing
advocates of the late Speaker pretend to foresee
if he is ►►ot re-elected, they are to be alluded
to only to be laughed at. The ridiculous
extravagance, reiterated as it is to-day, that a Repeal
of the Union must follow, shows more than a thousand
arguments could do, that the journalist who is driven to
such shifts has as little hope of his cause as he has
respect for his readers.

Chat the cause is really desperate• he is well
aware, and he .may, therefore, think that it is ex-
cusable to resort to desperate means for its
_sup-
port. But it is past praying for—it is irretrievably
lost. We are this day informed, from au-
thority on which we can rely that THREE HUN-
DRED AND TWENTY Members have already pro-
mised their votes for Mr. ABERCROMBY. This is
as encouraging to the friends of Reform and the sup-
porters of Constitutional Government as it is dispiriting
to the enemies of both. Let it not, however, throw the
advocates of liberal principles in the New Parliament
off their guard. They have cunning adversaries to
deal with. Let them not be beguiled, into the fatal belief
that their attendance may be dispensed with on the first
day of the session. Their duty to their constituents,
and to their country, de-nands that they should be in
their placeS in the House of Commons on Thursday
next at 12 oclock.

The Paris Papers of Wednesday, which we have
just- received, continue their comments on the spirit
of the debate in the, Chamber of Deputies on the
7th inst., on the presentation of petitions for Electoral
Reform. The tone of the public journals accords
with their severally avowed principles. The Ministe-
rial prints are generally silent as to the principle in-
volved in the petitions, content with urging the unsea-
sonableness of the period selected for calling the at-
tention of the Chamber to questions of abstract right
or privilege ; while the Republican part of the press
complains bitterly of the scandalous way in which
the Chamber has dared to trifle with the liberties
of Frenchmen. As the question at issue is a most
important one, and as the provisions of the English
Reform Bill have been cited by all parties, for and
against the further extension of the electoral Reforms
prayed for by the petitioners of the Chamber.of De-
puties, we shall endeavour to explain, as briefly as
we can, the mode of electing Deputies in France, so
as to enable the simplest of our readers to arrive at a
right conclusion, respecting the country enjoying most
extensively the right of the elective franchise.

France is divided into eighty-six Departments, cor-
responding, in some respects, to the Counties in Eng-
land, out of which the Deputies are chosen, each
Department returning from one to twelve Deputies,
according to their extent, and the number of their in-
habitants. Only two Departments, however, return
twelve Deputies, viz.—Nord and Seine, the latter in-
cluding the City of Paris, and the former that of Lille.
The average of -the Deputies returned by the various
Departments is from three to five—some more, others
less, according to the number of voters.
The necessary qualifications for a voter in every
Department in France are both numerous and vexa-
tious. In 'the first place, the claimant for liberty to
vote must be twenty-five years of age (thirty before
1831) ; he must never have been an insolvent ; never
have suffered any degrading punishment inflicted by
the laws ; and never have been placed under the ban
or interdict of any of the civil authorities : again, he
must pay 200 francs a-year (81. sterling) in direct taxes
to the State, or hold a patent from the Government
empowering him to vote. To procure this patent, it
is absolutely necessary that the elector be possessed of
property, and pay taxes, to the. amount forming the
usual qualification. The use of the patent is to secure
the right of voting to the elector, should his property
become suddenly deteriorated. These are not the sole
impediments in the way of exercising the elective
franchise. The French elector must not only be of
age, a person of good repute, pay taxes, and possess
property, but he must also reside where the property
is situated from which he claims eligibility to vote.
He must dwell in the Department in which he exer-
cises the right of voting ; and should he change his
residence, he is not at liberty to vote for four years
subsequentlyoinless on a dissolution of the Chamber,
or what in England we call a General Election.
Another thing to be noted is, that in France no
person can exercise the right of voting in two different
Departments during the same Election, though he
may have a property qualification in each. Neither
can he choose in which to vote. This is determined
by the question of his residence.

Wealth, however, loses none of its direct influence
by this apparent curtailment of rights. In each of
the eighty-six Departments there is what is called the
Grand Electoral College of that Department, com-
posed of all the highest tax-payers, • until the number
reaches one-fourth of the entire voters. When the
number has included one-fourth of the whole of the
highest taxed inhabitants of a Department otherwise
qualified to vote, the Grand Electoral College is then
complete, and a President is appointed to superintend
it, who is named by the Electors (by the KING before
1831), with powers somewhat similar to those vested
in our Sheriffs. The other three-fourths of the poorer
electors are also arranged, so as to form an inferior
College, to which the Electors likewise appoint a Pre-
sident ; but if the number of Electors in the inferior
College should exceed six hundred, then a further sub-
division of Colleges takes place—always' taking. care
that no Electoral College possess fewer than three
hundred Members. In the sub-divisions of the in-
ferior Colleges, regard is had to the particular districts
into which the Departments are divided, and the
Colleges are named from them. All the inferior
Colleges have their Presidents appointed by the
Electors, in the same manner as the Grand Colleges.
The Grand Colleges possess considerably greater
influence than the inferior ones. In the first place,
they vote for, and return, a certain number of members
to the Chamber in their own right ; and again, they
arc privileged to vote in the inferior colleges of the

department, as simple electors. Thus, every member
of a Grand Electoral College has a double vote, while
the members of the interim colleges have but a single
vote. This more than counterbalances the restriction
of being confined to vote in one Department, without
regard to prOperty qualifications ; and moreover secures
to all electors of large property a double influence in
voting, besides the gross numbers returned by the
grand over the inferior colleges, which is another most
important consideration.
The Presidents of the- Colleges are to decide the
question of eligibility ; but where the question A con-
tested, an appeal lies to the Superior Courts. If the
Courts decide in favour of the elector, his name must
be placed on the list, under penalty of a fine not ex-
ceeding five hundred francs, and legal inability to dis-
charge the duties of any public office for a period of
twenty years. We are not furnished with a copy of
the law passed since the accession of Louts 1111-•
LIPPE for the reform of electoral rights; and there-
fore, as we write from memory, we will not venture to
assert positively that this latter penalty has not been
rendered less severe. This matter is, however, of no
particular consequence, inasmuch as what precedes it is
only of importance in the present inquiry.

Now although, since the accession of Louis Pm-
-LIPPE, the property qualification of electors. has been
reduced one-third, still contrasting the relative prices
of provisions, and the wages of labour in England and
and France, the qualification to vote is considerably
higher in France than in England. This will at once be
apparent, if it be borne in mind that the qualification
in England consists in a certain amount of income, or
house rent ; whereas the qualification in France is re-
gulated by taxes paid directly to the Government. Now,
there is a very material difference between granting the
use of rights to one man, because of his incomes, and
granting the use of the same rights to another man
on account of his outgoes. The difference is within the
comprehension of .a child.
The abolition of the laws of Primogeniture and
Entail in France, has the effect of continually dimi-
nishing the number of electors, by the incessant divi-
. sionu and subdivisions of property. A farmer, paying
taxes to the amount ,of four hundred francs a year,
possesses a double qualification ; but if he leave four
children, among whom his property must be equally
'divided, they arc all disfranchised on his demise. In
a country so easily excited as France, the disqualifica-
tions arising from being declared dangerous or sus-
pected characters, by the Prefects, are likewise very
numerous.

From this brief but, we trust, intelligible statement
of the electoral law in France, it must appear evident
that very great reforms are necessary to place the electoral
right on an equally sound footing with England. A pro-
perty qualification, however trivial in itself, is no pro-
per test of the fitness to exercise a political right, in a
country which has abolished the laws of primogeniture
and entail. So long as it is continued, the number of
electors in the agricultural departments must continually
decrease, and the franchise be at last wholly confined
to the mercantile portion of the population. The
gross population of France rather exceeds thirty-three
millions, out of which the whole number of electors
falls short of two hundred thousand—a mere handful
of the community.

In its constitution and forms, the Chamber of De-
puties differs considerably from the British House of
Commons, although thelnost material points in which
these discrepancies were apparent, have been removed
by the changes which were made in the Charter of
1814, by Louts PHILIPPE. The most important of
these, as far as regards the Chamber, was the granting
the right of the initiative in all new Bills to the
respective Members, formerly vested only in the King.
To render this more intelligible to these unacquainted
with Parliamentary language, it is necessary to ob-
serve, that the initiative means the privilege of
introducing a Project or Bill for a New Law
into the Chamber. This privilege is enjoyed
by every member of the British House of Commons ;_
but previous to the Revolution of 1830, no French
deptity could introduce such a project, without having
first obtained the consent of the KING.. When a new
law was determined upon by a member, the proper
form was to prepare an address to the Sovereign,
praying his Majesty to permit the bill to be intro-
duced. This address was read in the Chamber, and, if
approved of by two-thirds of the members, was pre-
sented—if not, it fell to the ground. This circuitous
and troublesome process was abolished in the new
charter, when a nearer assimilation was made to the
parliamentary usages of Great Britain.
The other intelligence contained in the Paris
Papers refer to the growing dissension between the
Swiss Vorort and the Government of Austria ; and
are treated of in an article on the subject, which will
be found elsewhere.

FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIR, FEB. IL
Five per Cents., 103 f. 55c. 70c. 33c.
Four and a Half per Cents., 101 f. 75c.
Four per Cents., 96f. 90c. 97f. 96f. He.
Three per Cents., 79c. sc. 10c. 79f.
National Loan, 10$f. 50c.
Bank Actions, 1,717 f 50c. 1,8201. 1,8-22 f. 50c,
Rente de Naples, 95f. 95c. 90c.
Roman Five per Cents., 97%%14.
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 43% 43 43%.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 2714%.
Royal Spanish Lnan, 44%
Rente Perpet: d'Espagne. Five per Cents., 44%14.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 101.
Portuguese Loan, Five per Cent., 92%.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 2.5 f ni c. ; money, 23f. 2714 c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 17%c. ; money, 23f. 15e.
-Cours Authentique.

BOURSE, QUARTER TO Four..—Five per Cents., 103 f, 80c. ;
3 per Cents., 79f. 15c. ; 5 per Cent. Spanish, ; 3 per Cent.
ditto, 27a ; Cortes, 43i ; Coupons, 23i ; Guehbard, 44k ; Dif•
feres, 15i ; Scrip, New Loan, 641 ; Ducats, 96 10 ; Romans, 97i ;
Belgians, 101 ; .eedros, ; Miguels, 27 ; Dutch, 56 25.

We have received Brussels and German Papers,
The extracts from the German Journals are interest-
ing : they will be found in another column.

The Augsburg Gazette of the 7th instant, con-
tains some very important intelligence on the subject
of the differences between the Austrian Government
and the Diet of Switzerland. It appears from
this Journal, that France has been applied to by
Austria, not to act as an umpire with respect to
the question at issue between the two Governments,
but to remain neutral. The answer of M. DE 11GNY,
the Foreign Minister, to the application of Austria,
has been highly approved of by the Imperial Court.
The fact is, that France, seeing the change which
has taken place in the Government of England,
is not prepared to remonstrate against any act
perpetrated by Atitria. She now stands alone,
whereas a few months ago she had the moral and
physical power of Great Britain to support her ; and
the two nations, so united, were a match for the whole
of the Northern Powers united. Now the case
is different. England, under the iron dominion
of the Tories, would be the first to cheer on Austria in
the destruction of Swiss independence. We now see'
clearly enough that, unless the British House of Com-
mons compel an immediate change in our Foreign Re-

lations, Switzerland must submit to be gagged and
enslaved by Russia.

THE QUEEN.—We are assured, by a respectable
Correspondent, that the rumour so industriously cir-
culated by the Tories respecting the QUeen, is with-
out foundation. Her Najesty is said to have, on a
recent occasion, positively and distinctly denied that
she was in the family way.

We request our readers' attention .to Mr. O'CoN-
NELL'S able speech at the Anti-Tory Association,
which will be found in another column. Want of

space prevents our commenting upon it.

We solicit the attention of the readers of The Sun
to our report of the Meeting of the Middlesex Ma-
gistrates, and particularly to the defence they make to
the charges brought against them by the intelligent
Vestry-of the opulent Parish of St. George, Hanover-
square. In our opinion, the defence made by the Ma-
gistrates is a total failure ; and, of itself, fully proves
the correct manner in which the Vestry of St. George
have examined the County Accounts.

That Parish, it will be remembered, charges the
Magistrates with oversight or inattention, in framing
the anticipated expenditure of the Quarterly Accounts,
and that they are so erroneously made out, that for the
year 14th Oct., 1833, to, the 13th Oct., 1834, they
amounted to 97,3641. 13s. 71‘.., while the actual ex-
penditure of the County was only 66,2461. 4s. 8-1.
Our readers will perceive, from the defence by the
Magistrates, that the Vestry of St. George are
triumphant ; and as the charge cannot be contradicted,
we admire the ingenuity and the sagacity of the Ma-
gistrates attempting to explain it away, by saying-that
the expenditure is only for a bare quarter of a year, but
the estimate must be framed for 37 days more than "the
bare quarter of a year, because of the interval which
elapses between the time of making and receiving each
quarterly rate ; and so it would be in the first quarter
if there was no balance in hand ; but then the thirty-
seven days provided for by the Magistrates in the first
estimate must be excluded from the next quarter's esti-
mate, and the second quarter will be only, if correctly
made, for a " bare quarter of a year."
The next important charge against the Middlesex
Magistrates is that the erroneous data which their
estimated expenditure affords, occasion corresponding
unnecessary taxation.

The Magistrates admit the fact as to the amount
of the estimates, but deny the unnecessary taxation.
It will be perceived by our readers that they say the
whole amount of expenditure, from October, 1833, to
October, 1834, was 66,2461. 4s. Bd., and that the
total amount of County Rate for the same time was-
-66,1111. 12s. 4d., and that the expenditure exceeded
the rate by 1311., which is made up by petty receipts.
We referred to the report of the Vestry of St. George
to ascertain the correctness of this, and we immediately
discovered the manoeuvre of the explanation, for we find
" the petty receipt" of 21,Q121. 13s. 10i-d. is omitted
by the Magistrates, and which makes the sum assessed
upon the county in the first nine months of the
year, 87,1241.65. 2-W. instead of 66,1111.
We have no doubt the vestry of St. George
will pay every attention .to the Middlesex Magis-
trates' defence. We think that Captain ACKLAM'S
fellow-parishioners at Chelsea will notice his ob-
servations ; but probably they will think it would
better answer their interest, if he were to assist in
making the county estimates nearer the actual expendi-
ture, and that farthing rates may be quite sufficient
occasionally, instead of penny rates.
We referred to the St. George's report of the Luna-
tic Asylum, to see, at page 31, the manner in which
Mr. LAURIE stated the paupers were fed at St.
George's for Is. lOid. per week ; and to our astonish-
ment all his tirade against the diet table should have
been directed to his brother Magistrates, for the report
shows merely the expense of the Magistrates' diet
table, for the lunatic paupers at Hanwell.
Mr. LAURIE, who, we believe, is a Visiting Justice
of the Prisons in Middlesex, we perceive stated yes-
terday that, with the exceptions of four gaols, the
whole of the prisoners in England cost the country
more per head, than the poor in the workhouses of
St. George, Hanover-square, cost the rate-payers of
that parish.

This we submit, if he be correct, is no impeachment
of the management of that parish ;. but, on the con-
trary, is deserving the' mmediate attention of the Go-
vernment and the country, because an investigation of
the management of that parish may possibly demon-
strate the extravagance and absurdity of the prison
expenditure generally throughout the country.

IMPORTANT NAVAL COURTMAR-

TIAL IN THE WEST INDIES.

It will no doubt be in the recollection of some of our readers
that, a few weeks since, we announced that a Courtmartial had
been ordered by the authorities of Jamaica, to be held on
Capt. John M' Causland, commander of his Majesty's sloop-
of-war the Cruizer (16 guns) in consequence of certain
charges which had been made against him. We now present
our readers with the following particulars of the result of the
Courtmartial, which have been forwarded to us by the pro-
prietor of the Devonport Independent, and which he received
from a correspondent at Kingston by the West India packet
just arrived.
The comt-martial which assembled at Kingston, was com-
posed of the following Officers :
Captain Charles B. Strong, of the Belvidcra (President).
Captain William Jones, of the Vestal.
Captain Thomas Bennett, of the Rainbow.
Commander Peter M'Quhae, of the Fly.
Commander William A. Herringham, of the Forte.
Captain Watkiu Owen Pell, the Commander on the station,
was public prosecutor.
The following were the charges preferred against Captain
M'Causland :-Ist. That he had exacted passage money from
certain passengers whom he had conveyed on board the
Cruizer from one island in the West Indies to another. 2d.
That he had caused certain female passengers to be searched
in an improper manner.
Witnesses were examined on the part of the prose-
cution in proof of the charges, at the close of which
several witnesses were called by Capt. M'Causland, to speak
to his character. They all did so in the highest terms of ap-
probation. Amongst the latter were his Excellency the Mar-
quis of Sligo, Governor-General of Jamaica; Major-General
Sir Amos Morcott, Commander of the Forces, and several
merchants of Kingston.
It appears that the object of Captain M'Causland in ex-
amining witnesses to his character was to do away with
the second charge made against him. The truth of the
first charge, as far as the act of receiving the passage-money
was concerned, Captain M'Causland, we understand, did not
deny, but he contended that he was not answerable for
having done so, being entitled as he conceived, to receive the
passage-money from passengers conveyed by him in the Cruiser,
she at the time being employed for the conveyance of the mail.
This was the question in dispute, and was one of no small
import to Naval Gentlemen Commanders of sloops of war,
used, as they often are, for the conveyance of the mails.
The Commanders of the packets used for the conveyance of
mails have always received passage money from passengers,
but it was contended that the case in question was quite dif-
ferent—the vessel being a sloop of war, and in commission
as such.

After the respective parties had closed their case,
and the Court had deliberated for a short time, the Court un-
animously declared they were of opinion, as regarded the first
charge, that Captain M'Causland having, at the time of the
receipt of the passage-money, the conveyance of the mail,
was perfectly justified in receiving the same ; and that, with
respect to the second charge, they were of opinion that the
same had not been proved.
The PRESIDENT, in re-delivering to Captain M'Causland
his sword, passed a high culogium on his former services, and
warmly congratulated him on the result of the inquiry.
The trial, which lasted fur three days, excited considerable
interest amongst the merchants for Kingston;

LITERATURE.

THE " SPECTATOR'S"- COMPLETE LIST 0

THE NEW HOUSE OF COMMONS.
F. C.- Westky, 162, Piccidilly.
This Pamphlet ought to be in the hands of ever!
Elector in the United Kingdom as a directory to the
.
future proceedings in Parliament. It contains lists 0f
the whole of the Members returned, their political
principles, and the number of voters who supported'
together with the names of all candidates who came t°
the poll, their principles, and the number of votes the):
obtained. It also contains a list of the 'late and:
present Ministers, with the amount of salary attached
to each office.

FINE ARTS.

THE CRUCIFIXION.

This is a very imprrssive production, as an -Martin
are, but possesses the same defect that we pointed out,
at- the time of its publication, in the engraving of the
Fall of Nineveh. The proprieties of external nature
arc almost wholly lost sight of, in the desire, on the
part of the artist, to produce an effect. Thus, Ivbile,
the heavens are represented as labouring with storm
eclipse, a-blaze with the lightning, and shaking with
the thunder, we see a full moon, surrounded by o fe`
light fleecy clouds, looking the very image of serenity-'
as if serenity could possibly, no matter in how partial,"
degree, characterize an atmosphere thus preternaturalir
convulsed ! The contrast is too violent—too sudden'
and shocks all idea of probability. True, Mr. Mort°
deals with " portents and prodigies," still, even in thi:
case, something is due to propriety. Another blemish
in the "Crucifixion" is that the Cross on Mount Calvary'
with the Divine Being suspended on it, are made tot
little of, whereas they should form the most promilo
objects in the engraving. The eye of the spec,
tator should be rivetted on the Cross at Oncte;
He should not be compelled to hunt for .
" whereabout." If we except these defects, the "
cifixion" is quite equal to any of Mr. Martin's Or °,
11
efforts. The details are worked up with amazing sk
and power. Nothing can surpass, in sublimity :ft
effect, the appearance of the more distant quarte.rs
Jerusalem, seen in the back-ground, amid the-01'11;
sions of storm, and tempest, and earthquake.
masses in the foreground, who are grouped on eiti%
' side a black yawning chasm, are equally striking. ,
respects the architectural portiOns of the engravi
they are, as usual, vast in their reach of extent;
full of massive grandeur. Here Mr. Martin Stall
alone—unapproachable. He has many imitators,
none who can bear an instant's comparison with ''')(l.
The walls—the palaces—the towers—the gates, 911
its one unequalled temple, of the scriptural Jerusaleal:
are brought vividly before us, as by the wand ofd
Jerusalem
enchanter. Mr. Martin rebuilds them for us,,irr 11 ,
ho
their original' completeness and magnificence. -47,
are drawn, we understand, from unquestionable o°4
rities. We can readily believe this, for there is
minuteness 'and elaborate accuracy in the several deb,/
neations of them, which mere imagination, unaided (1,
a knowledge of localities, could never --have suPPhbes,
We conclude as we commenced, by the remark t,
the "Crucifixion" is quite equal to any of its predec:,
sors. It is a noble work of art—one of the most 0.,
fully executed mezzotints we ever met with, and 50 10
posing in its depths of light and shade, as to becols.%
v• •
frame, nearly, if not quite, as well as the original pault