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London, England, 1866-01-23 00:00:00

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THE LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23, 1866.

PROVIDENCE ROW NIGHT REFUGE,
FOR
HOMELESS WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
14A, Providence-row, Finsbury, E.C.
Sixty Thousand Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, have been given in this Institution to the
destitute, who otherwise would have had to pass the
nights in the bleak streets or under railway arches.
At present nearly 500 Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, are given gratuitously every week. The poor
from all parts are admitted, the only condition being that
they are homeless and starving. The Manager, &c.,
receives no remuneration whatever. Notwithstand-
ing the. provision made by the Poor Houses, each
night numbers of young women, children, and orphans
are, for want accommodation, refused admittance, and have
to spend night after night in the cold, wet, and sleet. To
meet this evil, and to provide more ample accommoda-
tion, £2,000 has been raised, but to accomplish the
work a sum of at least £l,OOO more will bo require 1.
Besides providing shelter for the homeless, this year it
is proposed, as far as the donations obtained for the pur-
pose will allow, to give bread and coals to poor families
in want. Will you, in your charity, help to carry on and
accomplish what has been begun ? Will you help to give
shelter to the really homeless, and food to the really
starving? The smallest donation will be most welcome,
and, night and morning, the prayers of the destitute will
be offered in your behalf.
SUBSCRIPTIONS aro earnestly requested, and will be
gratefully received by the Rev. D. GILBERT, D.D., No. 22,
Finsbury-circus, E.C.
DONORS AND SUBSCRIBERS TO THE REFUGE.
His ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G.
His Royal Highness the Duke D'Aumale.
His Excellency the Count D'Apponyi.
His Excellency the Count Lavradio.
The Earl of Abergavonuy. Messrs. Dimsdale, Drewett,
The Earl of Desart. Fowler, and Barnard.
The Earl of Denbigh. Messrs.lianbury andLloyds.
The Earl Grey, K.G. Messrs. Prescott, Grote, Cave
The Earl of Harewood. and Co.
The Earl of Eglinton. London A.ssuranco Corpora-
The Earl of Kenmore. tion.
The Earl of Durham. Royal Exchange Insurance
The Countess of Albemarle. Company.
The Lady Ellen Browne. Sun Fire Office.
The Lady Camilla E. For- R. W. Barclay, Esq.
tescue.. J. Bethel!, Esq.
The Viscount Gage. Mrs. Barnswall.
Field-Marshal Lord Gough, Miss Burton.
K.P. Mrs. Curling.
The Lord Dormer. J. Henry Challis, Esq.
The Lord Petro. Dr. Carvalho.
The Lord Leigh. R. Crawford, Esq., M.P.
The Lord Chelmsford. H. Cazenne Esq.
The Lord Cranworth. Mrs. Chesterton.
Baron de Rothschild, M.P. A. 11. Campbell, Esq.
The Hon. C. Langdale. Miss Douglas.
The Hon. W. Browne. Messrs. Durant & Co.
The Hon. li. G. Campbell. Messrs. Dawson & Sons.
Sir Charles Price, Bart. Miss Dobson
Sir Robert Gerard, Bart. Cursetjee Furdonjee, Esq.
Sir Pyers Mostyn; Bart. Miss Franklin
Hon. Rustomjee Jamsetjee Dr. Gull.
Jeejeebhoy. C. Gould, Esq.
The Governors of the Bank H. E. Gurney, Esq.
of England. Messrs. Hills & Underwood
The Worshipful Company of Capt. Hogg.
Armourers and Braziers. Miss Kayo.
The Worshipful Company of J. Kynaston, Esq.
Tallow Chandlers. J. Knight, Esq.
The Worshipful Company of 14. Lloyd, Esq.
Drapers. J. Lewis Mioville, Esq.
The Worshipful Company of Miss M'Mahon.
Grocers. C. Manning, Esq.
The Worshipful Company of Miss Martin
Saddlers. Breton Martinez, Esq.
The Worshipful Company of Messrs. Ponsford and Sou
Salters. Shall.
The Worshipful Company of F. X. Pereira, Esq.
Merchant Tailors. Mrs. ?aimer.
The Directors of the Bank of 11. W. Prescott, Esq.
Australia. F. Philips, Esq.
The Directors of the Bank of N. H. E. Prowett, Esq.
Australasia. M. R. De Quadros, Esq.
The Directors of the Colo- G. A. Shoe, Esq.
nial Bank. H. Riddell, Esq.
The Directors of the National T. Riddell Esq.
Bank of Ireland. Messrs. Haiti Bros.
The Directors of the Provin- Messrs. De la Rue and Co
cial Bank of Ireland. Miss Rombold.
The Directors of the Char- Mrs. Simpson.
tered Mercantile Bank of Mrs. Scott.
India, London, and China. Mrs. Southby.
The Directors of the Impo- Messrs. Tucker and New.
rial Ottoman Bank. F. Ward, Esq.
The Directors of the London G. Basil Wood, Esq.
and County Bank. Miss Young.
The Directors of the Union J. Young, Esq.
Bank. Messrs. Zulueta and Co.
Messrs. Coutts and Co. &c. &c. &c.

Mr. Bright on the American Tariff.

THE WAR IN THE BRAZILS.

The following letter from Mr. Bright appears in
a Chicago paper :

NOTES OF LOPEZ AND MITRE

" Dec. 9, 1865.
"Dear Sir,—l do not recollect any paper directly bear-
ing on the question of wages. The fallacy wa's made
great use of in our movement for the repeal of the corn--
laws—honestly by some men, and dishonestly by others.
The real argument agaiugt it is this :—Free trade always
weans great trade, and groat trade always means a great
demand tor labour, and this always means and necessitates
a high rate of wages. At this moment wages are higher
than at any former period in this country—at any former
period, at least, within our recollection. It is so through
all our manufacturing districts, although the length of
the day's labour is much shorter. It is so also with our
farm labourers. In many counties their wages have
risen from 25 to 50 per cent. since 184 G, when our agricul-
tural industry was subjected to the competition of all the
world. The labourers in America aro taxed enormously
in the purchase of many articles, particularly in their
clothing. Americans and Englishmen going from England
to America now supply themselves with clothing to last
them for years ; they buy it for about half the price it
would cost in the States, and thus withdraw their trade
from the American manufacturers and escape the payment
of the extravagant duties in the American ports. Protec-
tion to the manufacturers of iron and cloth in America
may, and doubtless will, enrich some of them ; but it is
by a contribution from the whole people to those
engaged in those particular branches of industry.
This system will encourage the investment of capi-
tal in the protected trade, and it will tend to
deaden industry and invention in those States ;
and whatever is gained on the one lipid is far more than
lost on the other. When the tariff question is fairly before
the American people the truth will be discovered. They
May consent to a moderate tariff for revenue on all great
articles of import by which incidentally some protection
may be unavoidably afforded to some branches of manu-
facture ; but they will not long consent to sustain branches
of industry too feeble to sustain themselves out of the taxes
not levied for the service of the Government, but extorted
from them by the protective fallacy for the exclusive bone-

Rio DE JANEIRO, Dec. 24.
The following is the text of the notes exchanged
between Lopez and Mitre upon the subject of re-
prisals and the treatment of prisoners :
" Head-quarters, Humayta, Nov. 20, 1865.
" To his Excellency the President of the Argentine
Republic, Brigadier-General Don Bartolome
Mitre, Generalissimo of the Allied Armies.
" I have the honour to address your Excellency
the present note, as commander-in-chief of the allied
armies at war with this Republic.
" In the imperious necessity which at times forces
nations and Governments to settle their difficulties
by the sword, a war has broken out between this
Republic and the States whose armies you com-
mand. In such cases it is customary for civilised
nations to mitigate the evils of war by stripping
it of all acts of cruelty which disgrace humanity
and cast an indelible stain upon the commanders
ordering or tolerating the same, and this I expected
from your Excellency and your allies. Filled with
this spirit, it was my first care to order the fullest
respect for all prisoners who have accordingly en-
joyed every convenience and even liberty compatible
with their position. My Government has given the
fullest protection.not only to Argentine, Brazilian,
and Montevidean citizens in our power, but even to
the prisoners of war. The strict discipline of Para-
guayan armies in Argentine and Brazilian territories

is proof of this, and even the families and properties
of those in arms against us have been respected.
" Your Excellency, meantime; initiated the war
with atrocities, such as the arrest of the Paraguayan
agent in Buenos Ayres, 1). Felix Egusquiza ; the
pursuit of our Consul-General Jose Rufo Caminos
and his son Felix, who had to take refuge under the
British flag ; the confiscation of public and private
Paraguayan properties in bank and elsewhere ; the
arrest of Cipriano Ayala, who was bearer of de-
spatches ; the tearing down the Paraguayan flag
and dragging it through the streets ; shooting me
in effigy at Rosario ; the assassinations by General
Caseres of Lieut. Ayala at Saladas, and Ensign
Ferreyra at Bella Vista- (both wounded) ; the but-
chery of the wounded at Yatay, and the sending a
Paraguayan deserter, named Juan Gonzales, to
assassinate me. All these barbarous acts, however,
have been unable to alter my resolution, or make
me imitate your Excellency; nor did I expect that
such new atrocities would be added to the infamous
catalogues of crimes with which the civil wars of
the River Plate have presented a disgraceful picture
to the universe.
" I hoped that in this first international war your

fit of manufacturers forming a small portion of their whole
population. It should be remembered also that the extra
profit, if any, given to the ironmasters and manufacturers,
does not go to their workmen. It may increase the divi-
dends of the companies or corporations, but it does not
sensibly raise the wages of their workmen ; for the wages
of their workmen are determined by the general rule of
labour throughout all the States, and ere not affected in
any important or measurable degree by the profits made
by the various manufacturing corporations. If there be
profit in protection or monopoly—and there often is—the
workman's share is none at all, or so little as to bo imper-
ceptible. A corporation working a very profitable patent
pays no more wages to workmen than a neighbouring cor-
poration carrying on a trade not protected by a patent, and
while monopoly may enrich those who possess and enjoy it,
it cannot affect advantageously the interests and wages of
the workmen. The workmen's safety and success depend
upon the state of trade and the greatness of the demand
_ _

for labour; and, far above any possible interest they can
have—l speak of the whole body of workmen in the United
States, or any other country—in any special protection to
any trade, or in the fostering and pampering of any par-
ticular manufacture, it is the great interest they have in
that perfect freedom of trade which creates the greatest
demand for labour, and gives the highest value to their
skill and industry. It is interesting to see the old fallacy,
once so potent in this country, now dead and buried in
the hope and belief for ever, reappearing with a new life
in the United States, a land where the superstitions of
Europe have not • generally found a congenial home.
Happily for the Americans, this question of free trade is not
mixed up, as ours was, with a great political question, and
with the supposed supremacy of a powerful territorial and
aristocratic class. They will find out the truth sooner than
our people did, and they will be able to discuss it free from
many circumstances which were formidable difficulties in
our way. All the countries in Europe are tending to free-
dom of trade, and all good and wise men rejoice at it. It
would bo strange indeed if America, foremost of all the world
in the knowledge and possession and practice of political
freedom, should be the last in discovering the priceless
value of freedom of industry, which may be fairly termed

Excellency would impress on your subordinate that

a prisoner of war is a man and a Christian, and
when surrendered no longer an enemy, and that the
prisoners at least would be respected in their mis-
fortune, and treated as generously as we treat those
of the allies. But it is with profound regret that I have
to abandon such hopes, in view of the atrocities com-
mitted with the unfortunate r araguayans who have
fallen into your power. Your Excellency has obliged
the prisoners of Yatay and Uruguayana to take up
arms against their country to s well your ranks, putting
aside all hope of an exchange of prisoners, and at
once cruelly immolating those who dared to refuse.
Such as escaped so sad a fate have been either sent
as slaves into Brazil or (some of white: skin) sent as
presents and rare curiosities to people in Montevideo
and Buenos Ayres.

" This contempt not only for the usages of war,
but for common humanity, this barbarous alternative
between death and slavery, stand without example
in history ; and it is to your Excellency, to the Em-
_

the 'Charter of Freedom,' to the millions of workmen in
every country where industry is free.—l am, &c.,

" JUIN BILIGIIT."

peror of Brazil, and to the Ruler of Montevideo must
be ascribed the perpetrating such enormity. The
Paraguayan Government by no act, either before or
since the war, has provoked such barbarity. The
Argentine, Brazilian, and Montevidean citizens have
been permitted to retire with their effects from our
territory or remain, as they preferred.
" My Government expected the usages of war, al-
though our treaty bad expired, considering them of
benefit to humanity and national honour, and never

LAW INTEL iiIGENCE—Jan.

(Beforo Vice-Chancellor Stu:u•!.)
EDMUNDS V. LORD BROUGHAM.

Mr. Matins, Q.C., :tad mr. J. N. Biggins appeared fur the
dalelfhlonastll7ult for
e7rtca.irniepratlgxrt,utrajt from
al
1%11 f
answer
s thisos
cfastnulidi°t:lous and not pertinent to the issue be-
tween the parties. The suit was instituted by the plaintiff,
in whom the right to a sum of X 5,000, secured by a mort-
gage executed by Lord Brougham in 1851, was now vested
for a decree for foreclosure of the equity of redemption, or a
sale of the mortgaged estate and payment of the principal
and interest. Tho principal money had been paid into court,
and the only question remaining to be settled in the suit
was the amount of interest to be paid on the debt. Lord
Brougham had, in pursuance of an award of the Lord Chan-
cellor, offered to pay interest on the debt from Juno 24,
1864 ; but the plaintiff claimed six years' arrears. The
defendant had set up the statute of limitations to that
claim, and had by his answer stated among other things,
to the effect that "ho was ultimately compelled to turn
the plaintiff out of his house in Grafton-street, under cir-
cumstances which fully appeared in"—the House of Lords'
Report on the resignation. by Mr. Edmunds of
his offices of clerks of the patents, clerk to the commis-
sioners of patents, and reading clerk and clerk of out-door
committees in the House of Lords. He also made that blue
book a part of hiS answer in this suit. In consequence of
that, it was insisted that as the report contained much that
was considered prejudicial—as casting cruel imputations
on the :moral conduct of Mr. Edmunds—it amounted to
scandalous statements in the defendant's answer ; and
ought to be expunged therefrom. It was also urged that
it would, if not struck out, throw upon the plaintiff the
necessity of amending his bill hr the suit, to moot a case
wholly immaterial in the question between the parties.
Mr. Bacon, Q.C., and Mr. E. K. Karslako appeared for
Lord Brougham, and Mr. Rawlinson for other parties.
The Vice-Chancellor asked Mr. Manus whether he
would now consent to take a decree for an account, and
let the prosecution of the suit go in chambers.
Mr. Melbas declined so to do till the obnoxious para-
graph was expunged from the answer.
The Vice-Chancellor, after hearing some further argu-
ments from Mr. Mathis, ultimately directed the application
to stand over till the first cause day of the sittings after
this term, intimating that he thought the wise course for
both parties to adopt would be to make concessions on each
side, and so preclude further litigation in the matter.

CANTERBURY HALL.
RI-FUM ! TI-FUM.

so far forgetful as to allow the tearing down of your
flag or shooting your Excellency o n effigy (even
though at war), much less murdering any stray
Argentinesorßrazilians in our encampment. Public
opinion and history will severely judge such acts.
The allied Powers have not waged war according to
civilised usage; but with atrocities that will for ever
brand them with infamy.
" Such being the case, my position as General of
the armies of this Republic obliges me to check such
acts as far as possible. I therefore invite your Ex-
cellemy, in the name of humanity and docorum, to
abandon this barbarous method of war, to treatyour
Paraguayan captives as prisoners of war, and to
prevent further atrocities. And I notify your Ex-
cellency that, in case you do not reply, or that the
Paraguayan prisoners be kept in arms against their
country, or that you hoist a Paraguayan flag inyour
ranks, or commit any fresh enormity, I shall feel
myself excused from any further consideration, and,
however unwillingly, make all Argentines, Brazi-
lians, and Montevideans that may now or here-
after be in my hands, answer with their lives and
properties for a vigorous reprisal.

During the Week will be performed the above most
extraordinary Entertainment, containing all the novel-
tics now in this country, and including the services of
Les Montagnards, their first appearance ; Mr. E. Mar-
shall, Mrs. and Mr. W. Randall, the renowned Talliott,
Les Freres d'Etoile, Signor Tescano, a la, Donato; Les
Tableaux d'Amour, illuminated by the Magnesium Light;
Fairy Orchestra, designed and painted by Mr. T. Burgess
and Mr. W. Gowrie ; and Grand Ballet of upwards of ono
hundred ballorines. The whole written and composed
expressly for this establishment by 'William Vandervell,
Esq. In addition to the vocal and instrumental entertain-
ment. EVERY EVENING.

" I will await your answer for 30 days; you can,
send it to Paso la Patria.

" May God preserve your Excellency for many
years. " FRANCISCO S. LOPEZ."

" Head-quarters, Bella Vista, Nov. 25, 1865.
" The President of the Argentine Republic and
General in chief of the allied armies,
" To his Excellency Marshal Francisco S. Lopez,
President of the Republic of Paraguay.
" I have received the note which your Excel-
lency addresses me as General-in-chief of the allied
armies from your head-quarters at Humayta, dated
20th inst., wherein after citing facts which you sup-
pose inconsistent with the laws of war, committed
by the allied armies IT ith the prisoners of Yatay and
I.Truguayana..!Your Excellency ;invites me to ob-
serve those laws, intimating your intention to use
reprisals in a contrary event.

A DOG FIGHT PREVENTED.--For some time past
a number of so-called " sporting men" have been
looking forward with interest to a dog fight for.£2s a side.
The animals are of the bull brood, and belong respectively
to men in Newcastle and Windy Nook. They had been
under training for a considerable time. It was arranged
that the match should take place on the Black Fell, near
Eighton Banks, a few miles from Gateshead, on Saturday,
and shortly after daybreak a large number of persons,
mostly pitmen, arrived on the scene, where also were the
poor dogs and their brutal owners. In the parlance of the
bystanders the animals looked remarkably well, and a
brave and ferocious encounter being expected, money freely
changed hands. The usual preliminaries having been
gone through, the dogs were unslipped and sot upon each
other, and a few pounds took place. Just, however, as
the excitement of the mob was increasing, and as the dogs
wore becoming more and more infuriated, a strong body of
county constabulary suddenly put in an appearance. The
alarm was given and the concourse dispersed, each run-
ning off in his own direction and at the greatest possible
speed. The policemen succeeded in obtaining possession
of one of the unfortunate dogs, as well as taking into cue
tody the owners of both of them.

" On duly considering said note, I must say in
reply that the facts you allege, as grave charges of
want of humanity and self-respect on the part of
the allies towards the Paraguayan prisoners fallen
into our hands, are in part wholly untrue, and the
rest distorted, probably owing to prejudiced reports
which have reached your Excellency, and I regret
that a moment's reflection did not suffice to show
you the falsehood of such statements.

I - "The Argentine, Brazilian, and Moutevidean
Governments being forced to stand forth in defence
of their honour, dignity, and territory, which your
Excellency treacherously assailed in violation of all
civilised usages, seizing our towns and villages in
time of peace, without previous declaration of war,
and in a piratical manner, we had to hasten to
rescue the lives and properties of our fellow-citizens
in Matto Grosso, Rio Grande, and Corrientes from
barbarous death and spoliation, but always in con-
formity with the rules of international war. And
this we have fulfilled, not only for honour and
duty, but because the crimes and outrages per-
petrated by your Excellency's troops in Brazi-
lian and Argentine territory during your brief
occupation had filled us with horror, and
we could not fall into the same iniquity, neither
could we show the civilised world any other conduct
than becomes an army encharged with the noble
mission of vindicating national honour, instead of
sacking defenceless towns and properties, as your
Excellency's troops have done, from first entering
Argentine and Brazilian territory, on either side of
Uruguay, till reaching Uruguayana and Paso los
Libres, completely destroying all the towns and
farms, and carrying off a great portion of the booty
for your Excellency in Paraguay, and by your
order, as appears from the note-book found in Col.

THE PREMIER'S SUBLIME SUPERCILIOUSNESS.--
Lord Russell, says the Spectator, received a depu-
tation from the Reform League and the working men of
tho metropolis on the subject of the Reform Bill on Tues-
day. Several working men spoke at length. He dis-
missed them with characteristic curtness--." I shall not be
able, having an important engagement, to listen to you
any longer." After a haughty compliment to the working
men's speeches, " I have always been of opinion that great
injustice has been done to the working men by attempting
not only to depreciate their talents but their habits of life,"
of course ho added, "It is impossible for me to agree with

the sentiments that have been expressed." it would be
his duty, he said, to introduce a measure that would "im-
prove the representation, and that would be likely toobtain
the assent of Parliament,"—which has a sound rather
ominous of a ricketty and sickly constitution for the mea-
sure itself. But this at least is stronger and important :
" We will stand by the measure, which we think is calcu-
lated for that purpose, and which we expect to carry, and
we shall not remain except we can." That is manly, but
why does Lord John always feel so keenly that he is a
superior order of being to the people for whom he fights?
They are "at least vertebrated animals," and he spoke to the
working men the other day as the late Mr. Justice Maule
once accused the late Sir Cresswell Cresswell of speaking
to the Bcuch—"likc agl Almighty ty ct black beetle."

~~

PRICE 4d.
bTAMPED sd.

Estigarribra's papers, which book is now in posses-
sion of the Brazilian Government.
" At the same time, the army which your Excel-
lency poured into Corrientes, as far as the Santa
Lucia, committed still greater atrocities, plundering
thousands of cattle farms, burning the houses, leav-
ing thousands of families without roof or shelter on
the devastated plains,and even carrying its barbarity
(or rather your Excellency's, for it was by your
order) so far as to tear from their homes, and con-
vey prisoners to Paraguay, the innocent wives and
tender children of several of our valiant officers ;
these poor women and children had remained in the
places occupied by your Excellency's troops, trust-
ing you would observe with them the same usages
as your Excellency now invokes in favour of the
Paraguayan prisoners, but which you flagrantly
violated in their case.
" All these acts are notorious, and will stamp
with undying ignominy those who have authorised
or tolerated the same. Your Excellency will have
to answer for them, not only to the allies who make
war against you, but to the whole world, which has
uttered a unanimous cry of execration on your bead.
" At the conclusion of those combats, resulting in
the triumph of our arms, the wounded and captured
survivors were first looked after and cared for in our
own hospitals, on a par with our own wounded
Nay, they were often better treated, as objects of
greater compassion, owing to their nakedness and
misery ; and were regarded as the unhappy vic-
tims of an ill-advised ruler who hurled them to
meet death in a war both unjust and unprovoked,
the effect of an arbitrary caprice. So far from being
forced to enter our ranks, or treated with rigor, they
have met with kindness and benevolence, some of
them being set at liberty, others drafted off to
various towns, and the rest kept for army servants,
hospital work, &c. It is true many of them have
entered the ranks of the allied army, but this was
with their own free will and request, a favour which
could not be denied them, it having been already
conceded to the Paraguayan refugees in our terri-
tory who volunteered for the campaign.
" I have answered the principal charges in your
Excellency's note, and not only controverted them,
but shown upon whom must fall the immense re-
sponsibility of whatever barbarities may unhappily
have occurred in the present war. I might also
descend to the isolated cases mentioned by your
Excellency ; but some are so notoriously false, and
others so exaggerated, that it is idle to refute them,
especially as we are now at open war, when arms
must decide the question. Your Excellency will
understand that this is not a season for recrimina-
tion, and I should be led Into such if I answered the
other charges of your Excellency.

" In conclusion, I must add that I cannot under-
stand how your Excellency came to believe the story
of the Paraguayan deserter, Juan Gonzalez, if there
ever really was such a man ; and I regret for the
dignity of the post you occupy that you have seri-
ously affixed your signature to a letter stating your
fear of a dagger treacherously directed against you
by an Argentine General. I declare to your Excel-
lency that I do not believe you capable of making
such an attempt against my life, or that of any of
the allied generals, since I am accustomed to do this
justice to the chiefs against whom I have ever
fought, and I must do the same with your Excel-
lency.

"In consequence of the above, and in order to
prevent any excesses on the part of your Excellency
as foreshadowed in your note, I beg formally to
notify your Excellency, for the protection of the
lives and properties of the Argentines, Brazilians,
and Montevideans in your hands (taken by chance
or treachery, for in fair fight you have not taken a
single prisoner), that any act on the part of your
Excellency or subordinates, in violation of civilised
usages, will be visited personally on your Excellency,
besides the other satisfaction that may be deemed
requisite. If, in spite of this, your Excellency take
any measures unusual in war, you will have deli-
berately placed yourself outside tl:e bound of inter-
national law, and justify the allies acting towards
you as your Excellency insinuates, it being plainly
your intent to aggravate the horrors of war, which
the allies are doing their best to lessen ; and in this
resolution we intend to continue, not laying down
our arms till obtaining the fullest reparation for our
injuries, which we confide for vindication to the

will of the Most high and the strength of our right
arms, not to the cowardly and ignoble vengeance
wreaked onunarmed men, defenceless women, and
innocent children.

" Such is the only reply I have to offer your Ex-
cellency, without prejudice to whatever resolution
may be adopted by the Governments of the Triple
Alliance, to whom I will to-day forward a copy of
your Excellency's note, and of this my reply.
" God preserve your Excellency.
BARTOLO3IE MITRE."