The Sun.
London, England, 1866-12-15 00:00:00

RAILWAY IN TELLIGENCE.

BUCKFASTLEIGII, TOTNES, AND SOUT II DEVON,

ber forfeited was 2,973, leaving the number paid up
11,240. He concluded by moving formal resolutions
to the effect that the company be wound up volun-
tarily as from Dec. 13, 1866 ; and that the directors
be appointed liquidators for the purpose of winding
up the affairs of the company and transferring its
property to a new company, to be called " The Eng-
lish and Foreign Credit Company (Limited)," with
a nominal capital of £300,000, in 20,000 shares of
£l5 each; that the proposal be approved for the
transfer of the business of the company, and that
the liquidators be authorised to enter into arrange-
ments for this purpose either on the basis of the
allotment of a share in the new company (with £7
10s. paid) for every share in this company, or upon
such other terms as the liquidators and the new
company might agree upon, with full powers to the
liquidators.

The motion having been seconded, a long discus-
sion ensued, in which Mr. Collier, Mr. F. Mowatt,
Mr. Whitrow, Mr. Harrison, and Mr. Davidson took
part, in the course of which it was contended by
Mr. Whitrow and other shareholders that the no-
minal amount of the share ought to be reduced to
.Elo,and by Mr. Mowatt and other shareholders that,
under the circumstances, £l5 per share was the pro-
per amount.
The CHAIRMAN having replied to the various ob-
servations, and explained that the nominal amount
of £l5 could not be reduced, Mr. Whitrow with-
drew his amendment, and the resolutions proposed
by the chairman were unanimously adopted.
It was stated that the new company would be re-
gistered in a few days, that a copy of the articles of
association could be obtained at the office, and that
at the next general meeting of the company resolu-
tions would be submitted for confirmation.

The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks
to the chairman.

State of Trade.

MANCHESTER, Dec 14.--The market for shipping
yarns has been rather easier, and the activity which
prevailed earlier in the week has disappeared. To
make sales, in most descriptions of yarns rather
lower prices would have to be taken. There is an
exception in 16's to 21's water-twist, which is in
pretty good demand and well under contract. This
branch of the market closes tamely. In home-trade
yarns we have had a steady market, but with rather
less business than on Tuesday. The advance which
was then asked has rather tended to check business,
and this check appears to have been more and more
felt as the week has gone on. Sellers are not mak-
ing much change in their quotations, but, practi-
cally, they are reduced as compared with the rates
obtained earlier in the week. Spinners are not
badly off for orders, and consequently there is not
much pressure to sell. Cloth was quieter yesterday,
but there is rather more inquiry this afternoon, with
a moderate business. Manufacturers are asking full
prices, and there is quite as much firmness as on
Tuesday.

BARNSLEY, 14th.—The iron trade in South York-
shire continues depressed, without any sign of im-
provement ; but as orders for immediate delivery
are being constantly received it is inferred that
stocks on baud are very low, so that orders will
shortly come to hand more freely as greater confi-
dence is infused into the minds of buyers. There is
a fair trade in hoop, bar, and sheet iron, but the
demand is not so great as heretofore, the require-
ments of the trade being limited. Makers of rail-
way material are tolerably busy, although the orders
on home account and from Indian houses are not so
large as usual. At Melton the men have got fairly
to work again, the strike against the employment
of the boys who help the puddlers to clean the grates
of the furnaces having been amicably arranged by
the men acceding to the demand of their employers.
The puddlers engaged at the large ironworks in
Sheffield are out on strike, although a dispute be-
tween them and their employers was only settled a
few weeks ago. The present dispute is with regard
to the payment for changing the heat on a certain
class of work, the men requiring an addi'ion of
about Id. per head, which the masters refuse to
give. For this trifling matter the men cause plant
and machinery of the value of £2,000,000 to lie
idle, and stop the receipt of wages amounting to
£2,000 weekly. Armour plates are languid, and with
the exception of a few orders on Government ac-
count there is very little doing. The machine and
casting establishments are busy, and full work with
them is the rule, the various collieries sending in
plenty of orders. The steel trade is still active, and
the large houses are well off for orders, while those
on American account are being completed as fast as
possible in anticipation of the new tariff bill. Manu-
facturers by the Bessemer process are doing a very
good trade, and at some of the works the men are
working night and day to meet the demand. The
coal trade is very active, and orders on home account
and for export for all descriptions are being con-
stantly received. There has been a lull in the trade
this week, and during the latter part of the week
nearly every colliery in the district has been stand-
ing, owing to the excitement that prevails consequent
on the explosion at the Oaks Colliery. It is now
certain that not less than 320 lives have been lost,
as there cannot now be any living creature in the
mine. The Great Western and Great Eastern lines
are taking a heavy tonnage of the best house coal to
London and Peterborough, and the former company
are making extensive additions to their coal yard at
Doncaster. There is no alteration in the coal trade
worthy of note, and orders are very limited.

The directors met a large number of the inhabit-
ants of Ashburton at a public meeting on Tuesday,
for the purpose of explaining the position of the'
company, and of stating their intention with respect
to the proposed branch line to Ashburton.
Mr. BOWDEN said the works had been commenced
between Buckfastleigh and Ashburton, to show that
the company had really taken the matter in hand,
and intended to fulfil their promise. More than
£3,000 had already been expended on the scheme,
and he trusted the full amount required would now
be raised without delay.

A resolution was passed to the effect that the
meeting was satisfied the intention of the directors
was to carry out the line, and a committee was
formed to canvass the district for stir port.

ENGLISH AND FOREIGN CREDIT (LIMITED).
An extraordinary general meeting of this company
was held on Thursday at the office, Winchester_
buildings, Great Winchester-street; Mr. G. She-
ward in the chair.

Mr. D. S. Derry, the secretary, having read the
notice convening the meeting,
The CHAIRMAN said the directors had promised
the shareholders that they would endeavour at the
earliest opportunity, either in Parliament or other-
wise, to reduce the liability of the shareholders. It
was in accordance with that pledge that they had
brought the matter forward before the next general
meeting of the company. By the new proposition
the existing liability of £42 10s. per share would
be reduced to one of £7 10s. per share, and the
nominal amount of each share would be reduced
from £5O to £l5 per share. The existing articles
of association would be very slightly changed for
the purpose of preserving the name of the company.
They had in the articles of association for the new
company adhered as nearly as possible to the
original articles of association. The object of the
directors was to carry out the expressed wish of the
shareholders in the matter of reducing their liability.
There would be an alteration in the first article
which would enable the company to have a lien on
the shares of a customer, so that in case of default
they might be able to sell his shares with a view to
protect the interests of the company, and in satis-
faction of any debt a shareholder might owe the
company, giving in such cases power to the direc-
tors to transfer such shares to the purchaser, and to
decline to authorise the transfer of shares belonging
to any shareholder who might be indebted to the
company. He explained that they had not in any
case accepted the shares of any shareholder as secu-
rity, nor would they ; but they thought it might be
expedient to have that power when dealing with
shareholders, to prevent loss as much as possible.
Clause 26 in the old articles gave the directors power
to increase the capital of the company without ask-
ing permission of the shareholders ; but in the
articles of the new company it was provided that
the capital should not be increased without the con-
sent of a general meetinc, of shareholders. (Hear.)
In clause 56 of the old articles,a it was provided that
the number of directors should not be more than
ten nor less than five • but in the same clause in the
articles of the new company it would be provided
that the number of directors should
rnot exceed. seven
nor be less than five ; that t_heeilq„,na qualification of a di-
rector should be £1,500, being 100 shares of ila
each, instead of £2,000 in the present company. In
the articles of the new company, the remuneration
of the directors would be limited to £3,000 ayear.
If they
approved those propositions the directors
would carry them out, and if not they would
He understood that Mr. \VII* t
as they were. row
intended to move an amendment to the effect that
the shares be reduced to £lO each, upon which £7
10s. was paid, leaving £2 10s. to call up. The mat-
ter had had the careful consideration of the directors
and some of the largest shareholders ; £2O was pro-
posed for the nominal amount of the share by some,
while others proposed that it should be £lO, but at
length it was fixed as now proposed at £l5 per share,
to which their customers had assented. In reply to
Mr. F. Howatt he stated that the number of shares
originally subscribed for was 14,213, and the ;aura-

THE SUN, LONDOS, SATURDAY EVEAING, DECEMBER 15. 1866.

North, through Baltimore, as at present arranged,
is a very tedious operation, and is the cause of much
complaint. A project is on foot for the purchase of
the steamer by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company, to be used in transferring the trains from
Locust Point to Canton, thus avoiding the vexa-
tious delay attendant upon the passage through
Baltimore by horse-power. It is proposed by the
arrangement to disconnect the through cars at
the Locust Point junction—running them down
to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company's ex-
tensive wharves at the Point, and transferring them
to the Canton side, which would take but a short
time; thence striking the Philadelphia, Wilmington,
and Baltimore Railroad, which is within a few feet
of the wharf. Preparations for carrying out this
most excellent arrangement are already on foot, and
will, doubtless, in a short time, be completed. The
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company are also en-
gaged in erecting an immense wharf with ware-
houses at Locust Point to accommodate the trade of
the Baltimore and Liverpool line of steamers, which
improvements, together with the newly proposed
" transfer" arrangement, will render Locust Point
quite an important locality hereafter.
It has been decided in the courts in New York
that whether a man is "coloured" or white is a ques-
tion of fact, which must be submitted to a jury.
Juries, however, at common law have always been
in the habit of deciding by hearing testimony. A
verdict based on ocular inspection only would be a
new thing, though we do not well see what objec-
tion can be urged to it. The curious spectacle will
be witnessed in a few days in this city therefore of
twelve adult men—all, no doubt, with business to
attend to—examining the hair of an apparently
white man to see whether it is too curly to allow of
his sharing in the government of a Democratic Re-
public. We believe there is no charge for admission.
General Butler lectured on Saturday evening, at
Brooklyn, to a large audience, and without the
smallest interruption. The lecture was, as usual,
telling, and bristled with points. He was, we were
glad to see, very emphatic in his declaration that
education ought to accompany the ballot, and that
the franchise in the hands of ignorant men was like
a club in the hands of a blind Samson. Th 3 dis-
course was, however, chiefly directed to the ques-
tion of impeachment. lie simply fortified the
positions with which the public is already familiar,
showing by several precedents that improper
language w,uld of itself form a good ground
for impeachment. But on the most import-
ant point of all, the expediency of impeaching
the President, he said little or nothing. The higher
the position of a functionary, the greater the deli-
cacy and difficulty of bringing him to trial. What
would be a good case against a judge might be a
very poor case against the President ; and the case
against Mr. Johnson is rendered all the harder to
deal with by the fact that two-fifths of the people of
the United States highly approve of his conduct. A
trial for the use of bad language would, under such
circumstances, be either a farce or a revolution ;
and unless the public and Congress are much less
sensible than we take them to be, General Butler's
and Wendell Phillips's elaborate indictments will
simply prove fine pieces of rhetoric. It would be
hard just now to turn Mr. Johnson to worse account
than to impeach him.
The following are from the summary of that able
journal, the Springfield Republican, of the Ist De-
cember :—‘, The proposed meeting at Washington
to welcome Congress has been purged of its offen-
sive features, and is likely to be a pleasant affair,
though the managers find it difficult to interest
prominent Congressmen in it. General Logan and
several others declined to preside, and the managers
now hope to secure ex-Vice-President Hamlin. Gen.
Butler, Colonel Hamilton of Texas, Frederick
Douglass, and other speakers of note and notoriety,
have been invited, but no announcement is made
as yet of any who have accepted. The affair comes
off this evening, and will doubtless have a large
local attendance, if the boys in blae' from a dis-
tance do not think it worth while to be present."
Senator Sumner, Mr. Stevens, of Pennsylvania,
and some other Congressmen, have been at Wash-
ington for several days, but most of the members
have preferred to eat their Thanksgiving turkeys
with their families at home. There has been sortie
canvassing in a small way, but the policy of Con-
gress will probably be allowed to develope itself
naturally this time, and what it may do upon any
subject it is vain to attempt to predict. Threats of
impeaching the President have been for the most
part withdrawn by those who made them on the
stump, and Butler alone keeps it up, for bunkum,
as he privately confesses. There will be an
attempt made to pass the Tariff Bill that failed at
the last session, but it cannot go through
without extensive mddification and a severe
struggle over it. Measures will doubtless be
introduced to limit the President's power of ap-
pointment and removal, and to deprive him of the
power of pardon previous to the conviction of the
offender. There are occasional appointments of
new postmasters and revenue officers, but aspirants
are disappointed in the expectation of a general
sweep.
General Dix sailed from New York on Saturday
last to relieve Mr. Bigelow as Minister to Paris, and
Major Wickham Hoffman, of New York, will take
the place of Secretary of Legation, resigned by
John Hay. General Dix is likely to find important
and difficult negotiations as to Mexican matters
upon his hands immediately ort his arrival out.
Secretary Seward finds it necessary to use the
Atlantic cable freely in his correspondence with Mr.
Bigelow, having sent one day a message of five
thousand words, at a cost of near $19,000 in cur-
rency, which indicates some important matter in
issue.

Total ... ...

Spangler, the assassination conspirator, sentenced
to six years at the Dry Tortugas, hopes for a pardon.
His friends are working to that end.

The first passenger train passed over the bridge
across the Susquehanna River, Nov. 26. For many
years the traveller has had to submit to the tedium
of crossing the river by boat at Havre-de-Grace,
Maryland, on his way to Baltimore and Washing-
ton. At nine on this day a train, consisting of new
and improved passenger cars, left Broad and Prime-
streets, Philadelphia, for Havre-de-Grace, Mary-
land. Among those on the train from Philadelphia
were the following well-known citizens :—John
Rice, Esq. ; Albert W. Markley, Esq., of the Cam-
den and Amboy and West Jersey R tilroad Com-
panies ; William Sellers, Esq., M. W. Baird, Esq.,
Walter Freeman, Esq., Isaac Hinckley, Esq., Pre-
sident of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti-
more Railroad ; George H. Huddell, Esq., of the
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad ;
J. G. Parker, Chief Engineer ; Charles K. Ide,
Esq., Master of Transportation ; 11. A. Kenney,
Esq., Superintendent of the Road ; Samuel M.
Felton, Esq., ex-President of the Philadelphia,
Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, who joined
the party at Thurlow Station ; Colonel John Bing-
ham of Adams's Express Company ; Hon. Isaac
Hazlehurst, solicitor of the road ; Thomas F. Fer-
non, Esq., of the United States Mining Journal.
At Chester several prominent citizens and directors
came into the train. While at Wilmington new
accessions were made, among them Professor Por-
ter, of Newark, Delaware, Messrs. Curtis and Wm.
T. Crossdale, Esq., of the Wilmington Daily Com-
mercial. Accompanying the Philadelphians was
Hon. Nathaniel Taylor, of Boston, Mass., a gentle-
man noted for his wealth and public spirit. The
run down to Havre-de-Grace was a most delightful
one, and on arriving there the Northerners met
their Southern friends from Baltimore and Wash-
ington in most fraternal fellowship. The reunion
was of a happy nature, and but one feeling seemed
to predominate, that of hearty union and goodwill
toward one another. Among the Baltimoreans
were the following prominent citizens
Prescott Smith, Esq.,
formerly master of transpor-
tation on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and
now Collector of Internal Revenue at Baltimore ;
C. C. Fulton,
Esq., of the Baltimore American ;
Captain M. M. Falls, President of the Chesapeake
Bay line of steamers ; Albert Shoemaker, Esq. ; C.
O'Donnell, Esq. ;
B. Deford, Esq. ; W. Woodside,
Esq., of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; G. Small,
Esq., of the Northern Central Railroad; Enoch
Pratt, Esq., Vice-Presinent of the Philadelphia,
Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad; Thomas
Whitridge, Esq., awl Ihohlas KLSo, En., Di-

rectors of the road, resident in Baltimore, together
with William Callow, President of the Bankers'
and Brokers' Telegraph Company; William Ni-
cholls, Esq., of the Baltimore City Councils, and J.
T. Crow, of the Sun. At Havre-de-Grace the
train was run on board the staunch Maryland, that
brave old boat which has done the company and
the community such excellent service during the
past thirteen or fourteen years, and the invited
guests enjoyed the pleasure of a southern view of
the bridge from her capacions decks, as sbe steamed
slowly across the river and within a few hundred
yards of the structure. There was but one expres-
sion of opinion as to the apparent merits of the
bridge, and that was, that it fully met, so far as
the spectators were able to judge at a distance,
the object of its constructors. The test was yet
to come, and it was not long delayed. Return-
ing to the eastern shore the train was run ashore,
and in a short time it was moving steadily and
grandly up the grade to the bridge. At the en-
trance was a magnificent arch festooned with ever-
greens, and surrounded with laurels was the in-
scription, " Four years work of a thousand men,"
together with the motto, " Labour omnia vincit."
Brevet Major-General George W. Cullum, of the
Corps of Engineers, and late Superintendent of the
United‘States Military Academy, has been detailed
as a member of the Board to consider the subject
of the modifications of the existing seacoast forti-
fications of the United States. Gen. Cullum will
be stationed in Washington.
The first annual ball of the Fenian Sisterhood of
New York, in aid of the Fenian cause, was given in
the City Assembly Rooms last night, 22d ultimo.
Owing to the damp and unpleasant nature of the
night there was but a moderate attendance. The
music stand was adorned with the Irish and
American banners intertwined, and by the colours
of the 99th and 170th Regiments, beneath which
hung an elegant and life-like portrait of Mr. Jas.
Stephens. Shortly before 10 o'clock a lively air was
struck up •by Manahan's band, and dancing com-
menced, which continued until 12 o'clock, when the
participants sat down to an elegant supper. After
supper a dance was given in imitation of an ancient
Fenian war dance. Five couples, attired in the
national dress of the old time, took their places in
the centre of the hall, and, brandishing daggers iu
their bands, began to dance a lively Irish jig around
four persons in the centre representing captives.
Their movements were heightened by gestures ex-
presbive of rage, and the fate supposel to be in store
foz the unhappy captives in the centre. The an-
cient Fenian war dance bears a singular resem-
blance to the war dance of the American Indians,
and, as a novelty, was received with immense ap-
plause.

The following notification appeared apparently
by authority in the National Republican on the 22d
November :—" The President is necessarily en-
gaged upon important public matters preparatory to
the early assembling of Congress, and will have no
time, until after the meeting of that body, to give
the slightest attention to applicants for office. All
such are referred to the heads of the different de-
partments. Office seekers and their friends can save
themselves much time, labour, and expense by act-
ing on the above hint, and willrelieve the President
from the unpleasant necessity of declining to enter-
tain and examine their applications. It is a physical
impossibility for him to prepare his Message, and at
the same time transact the detail business appro-
priatelybelonging to his Cabinet Ministers."
The President has appointed Edward Uhl, of New
York, United States Consul at Guatemala. General
B. S. Alexander, so long in command of the de-
fences of Washington, will soon leave for Cali-
fornia to superintend the construction of the de-
fences of San Francisco.

The following items of appropriations have just
been officially compiled from the Acts passed at the
last session of Congress :

Pensions m ... $17,910,000.00
Deficiencies for sundry civil expenses ... 4,901,514.46
Naval service, for the year ending June 30,
1867 18,904,667.50
Post-office department, for the year ending
Juno 30, 1867 19,679,500.00
Military Academy, for the year ending June
30, 1867 ...1 301,457.00
Fortifications and other works of defence... 1,510,000.00
Completion of public works... ... 3,698,017.91
Army, for the year ending June 30, 1867 38,004,241.83
Legislative, executive, and j ulicial expenses 25,130,459.89
Consular and diplomatic expenses ... 1,405,494-00
Indian department ... 3,778,53345
Sundries, civil expenses for the year ending
Juno 30, 1867 ... C 7,074,126.76
Deficiencies, for the year ending Juno 30,
1867 515,100.76
Miscellaneous... ... 12,705,635.60

... ... ...$155,881,781.16

The Montrose Independent Republican gives the
following information on Glove Making in America :
—The principal seat of glove making is in Fulton
county, New York, where a flourishing village
has sprung up with the appropriate name of Glovers-
ville. This village makes a specialty of the work,
but there are also large manufactories in adjoin-
ing towns, as well as in Philadelphia and other loca-
lities in Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Massachu-
setts. These gloves are of various kinds, mostly
made from deer, goat, and sheep skins, the deer
skins from South America and our own western ter-
ritories, the goat skins from South America, the
West Indies, Mexico, and the Sandwich Islands,
and the sheep skins from England and the Cape of
Good Hope. The skin of the English sheep is finer
and more durable than the American, but the species
known as the Cape sheep has a skin of a fibre so
fine and elastic as closely to resemble kid, and cap-
able of rivalling that elegant article, for which it is
often sold.

The United States Consul at Buenos Ayres has
sent his Government a copy of the laws of the Ar-
gentine Republic, authorising the National Execu-
tive to remit Treasury bills to the amount of four
million hard dollars, with interest at three-fourths
per cent. per month. For the payment and emorti-
sation of the interest an additional impost of 5 per
cent. is put on all imports excepting such articles as
are comprised in Article 3 of the present Custom-
house law, and 2 per cent. on all exports. The
Treasury bills are t•) be received in payment at all
the Custom-houses in the Republic.
The President has appointed Samuel B. Shafer, of
Maryland, Principal Clerk of Public Lands in the
General Land Office, and James J. Hackett De-
puty Postmaster at Frankfort, Kentucky.
Andrew M'Callum, a sugar planter, of Louisiana,
who went to Brazil with a view to emigration, has
returned, and pronounces against it as unsuitable
and less favourable to the Southerners than their
own country.

General of the Republic of Liberia are all Presby-
terian ministers. The reason given is, that the great
want of educated men compels ministers to take
part in the Government. For the same reason a
considerable portion of the same class are obliged to
lend their services to the mercantile enterprises of
the country. The Bishop represented this state of
things as a very undesirable one, and urged the
adoption of a plan which might free the clergy of
his own Church from the entanglements of civil
and secular vocations.

In the Pacific provinces of British North Ame-
rica a strong tendency shows itself toward union
with the United States. At a recent meeting in
Victoria, which is stated to have been the largest
ever held in that city, and to have been attended by
one-third of the male population, resolutions in favour
of annexation were proposed by a member of the
Colonial Assembly, and carried by a majority of
ten to one. The people of the colony are satisfied
that the great resources of their country will not
be developed until they form part of the American
Union.

An important consultation was held at the
White House, November 15th, between the Presi-
dent, the Cabinet, and Chief Justice Chase. It is
believed that a leading topic under consideration
was the reconstruction plan now proposed by many
leading men of ail parties, by which a general am -
nesty shall be offered to the South on their accept-
ance of universal suffrage with a property or intel-
ligence qualification. Prominent Southern men are
co-operating with Republicans and Democrats in
this effort.

The recent Council of American bishops at Balti-
more has applied to the Pope to bestow a cardinal's
hat on a native of the United States. The request
has greatly embarrassed the Holy Father, as most
of the American archbishops, and even the bishops,
are Irish or French, and Monsignor Spalding,
Archbishop of Baltimore, is himself an Irishman.
It is thus difficult to find in America a native qua-
lified to hold the cardinalate, which is habitually
given only to archbishops.
At a public meeting in the Church of the Epi-
phany, at the corner of Fifteenth and Chesnut
streets, Philadelphia, by the Liberian Church com-
mittee (Episcopal), the Liberian Bishop Payne
stated the somewhat singular fact that the President,
Vice-President, Secretary of State, and Attorney-

Seven men were captured on Saturday night,
November 7, near Michellsville, Tennessee, by a
band of detectives of the Louisville and Nashville
Railroad, acting with the United States Cavalry
stationed there, and lodged in the military prison of
this city. They are supposed to be connected with
the recent robbery of the pay train.

The Governors of the Southern States seem to be
unanimous in opposing the Constitutional Amend-
ment. Those of Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina,
and Florida, have recently followed the example of
the Governors of Mississippi and Texas, and advised
the Legislatures of their States to reject it. In
Georgia the amendment was, accordingly, rejected
by a unanimous vote in the Senate, and by all save
two votes in the Assembly.
The Legislature of Georgia proposes to secure
native teachers, by providing that every Georgia
soldier, under thirty years of age, maimed in the
service, may be educated at the State University at
the public expense for such length of time, as he
will give his obligation to teach, after leaving the
University.
The Berthold Pass, by which the Pacific Railroad
is to cross the Rocky Mountains, is, :according to
two different surveys, from 10,903 to 11,375 feet
above the level of the sea.

THE CHICAGO TUNNEL.—The people of Chicago
are very justly elated at the thought that their
great tunnel beneath the waters of Lake Michigan
is completed. The work was a peculiar one, and
abounding with difficulties. To carry an excava-
tion successfully beneath the bed of a lake, with the
water rolling above, would seem to many an im-
possibility. The weight of the water being im-
mense it would have been thought that the
pressure would break through the excavation
and drown all that were engaged in the work.
Fortunately the skill, science, and daring of the
engineers has been equal to the task, and they have
now the satisfaction of having their job completed
triumphantly without disaster. It is to be hoped
that the enterprise will be crowned with the success
which has been sought for. It has been calculated
that at the point where the tunnel commences, two
miles• from the shore, the water is now pure and
will always remain so. • We presume that in reach-
ing this conclusion the natural currents of the
lake have • been studied, and that every pre-
caution has been taken which can add to the
benefit of the undertaking. Yet there is the risk
that future settlements on the shore will have the
effect of throwing impurities into the water, which
will eventually reach the mouth of the tunnel. At
all events, the Chicagoites believe that they are safe
from the dread of drinking impure water for a cen-
tury at least, and if posterity finds the tunnel no
longer useful, posterity can take care of itself, and
build another tunnel 20 miles out in the lake.

The report of the Provost Marshal-General shows
that 280,739 officers and men lost their lives in the
war ; 5,221 were commissioned officers, and 90,886
enlisted men were killed or died of wounds, and
2,321 commissioned officers and 182,329 enlisted
men died of disease.