The Sun.
London, England, 1835-06-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TVESDAY, JUNTII 30, 1835.

years together pay their rates and perform their duties,
are not likely to become anarchists or levellers. They
who work out their rights bra series, perhaps, of pri-
vations, but certainly of payments, will not be likely
to let in an undisciplined rabble to the participation of
their hard-earned privileges, or to join them in the
invasion of the rights or privileges of others. Thus,
by making the franchise the reward of good conduct,
you give it value—you give it permanence—and you
make it the best defence of law, order, and pro-
perty. We trust these views will not be lost upon Gen-
tlemen who really are " Conservative," " not in name
only, but in deed and in truth." Those, on the con-
trary, who oppose such wholesome changes as the
Municipal Bill is calculated to effect, and thereby pre-
cipitate other and more violent measures, from an ex-
cited and indignant people, are not "Conservatives" but
" Destructives." It is to them, and such as them,

that the sounder parts of the community have to look
with suspicion and apprehension.
We are happy to be able to add to the above, that
the Deputation who waited upon Lord JOHN R us-
SELL yesterday were highly. delighted with the recep-
tion they met with, and have expressed the strongest
confidence in the wisdom and firmness of the Go-

vernment.

In the French journals of Sunday, just received,
we find our Paris Contemporaries—we believe, with-
out exception—devoting a part of their columns to
an investigation of the subject of Lord MAHON'S
motion in the House of Commons on Wednes-
day evening—namely, British intervention in the af-
airs of Spain. The question is differently handled
by each ; and though seen from various points of
view, the majority of them arrive pretty nearly at the
same conclusion. The dread of provoking a general war
with the great Northern Powers alarms some ; while the
hope of such an event animates and enlivens others. And
yet amid this conflict of hope and apprehension, all
admit that England is bound, by the ties of national
hOnor, and the treaties which bind all well-regulated
States, to interfere, directly or indirectly, to put an end
to the war now raging in the Basque Provinces.
The main question, however, was left untouched in
the House of Commons, and we believe is still un-
mooted—Wher3fore should we not interfere ? Is it

the dread of provoking the interference of Prus-
sia, Austria, and Russia, in favour of Don CAP,
LOS ? If such apprehensions alarm some, we beg
to tell them that these States have already inter-
fered in favour of the Pretender to the Spanish
Crown. By these Powers has he been supplied
with money, arms, and ammunition. When Don
CARLOS first entered the Basque Provinces, he was
destitute of all resources ; and though he gulled the
discontented provincialists by swearing, in the sight of
Heaven, and in the face of the Magistracy, that he was
-about to take the field, less for the purpose of recovering a
Crown than to preserve inviolate the charters of their local
privileges, yet so poor were his adherents, that they
could not muster equipments for a single company.
What did the PRINCE do in this emergency ? He
threw himself at the feet of the Holy Alliance, and
implored their protection. He applied to Holland ;
fled to England ; and during his short stay in London,
made his difficulties known to the Austrian, Prussian,
and Russian Governments, through their Ambassadors
at the Court of St. James's. On his return to Spain,
he found that all difficulties, save the want of men, had
vanished. To preserve appearances loans were opened ;
but it is a well known fact, that a great part of the
negociated paper was kept out of the market by the
Governments favourable to the Usurper-L-the amount
being advanced from other sources. Thus, the very
Powers whose interference is now threatened, in the
event of English or French intervention, were, from
the commencement of the war, the soul of the Basque
insurrection. Had they not thrown. open their coffers
to the Pretender, the insurrection would have been
crushed before the expiration of three months after it
first broke out.

It has been contended • that the question is solely
Spanish, and that by Spaniards only it ought to be
determined. This is ridiculous, in the face of the facts
which we have just stated. Why should it be more a
Spanish question with us than it is with Holland, with
Austria, with Russia, and with Prussia ? Have not
these Powers, by their previous interference, made it
an European rather than a Spanish question ? We
contend, moreover, that even in Spain the question of
succession is not an open one, having been decided by
the only authority competent to decide upon it—the
Cortes of the Kingdom.
We are of opinion that the Spanish Government
acted injudiciously in annulling the Charters of the
Navarrese territory, without having previously prepared
the inhabitants for such a sweeping change ; for it is a
fact that the Carlists fight under the impression that they
are struggling in defence of their liberties. Before re.
clueing the whole kingdom to the observance of .the
same code of laws, care should have been taken to in-
flict as little pain as possible on the feelings of the more
favoured districts, and also to convince all parties con-
cerned that, whatever trifling sacrifice they might he
called upon to make, was demanded by the general in-
terests of the country at large. Instead of acting ac-
cording to this system, the Government was only careful
to preserve intact the principle of uniform and even-
handed justice, without reference to the ignorance and
prejudices of the great mass of the population. The
Government was right in the end which it proposed to
itself ; but it was unfortunate in the means which it
adopted for its ultimate attainment. Its difficulties,
however, have not been properly estimated. It sought
to regenerate Spain—to uproot the old feudal system
which divided the kingdom into innumerable chartered
Lordships, each of which was governed by its own
laws, and each exempt from some impost to which
others were liable. This was a noble—a glorious un-
dertaking on the part of the Liberals. Without it, it
would have been impossible to take any measures for
the education of the people, and the internal improve-
ment of the country. Legislation would have been
useless ; for whilst the charters remained in full force,
the laws made by the Cortes were inoperative. Don
CARLOS took advantage of the reforms about to be
effected by the Constitutional Government. He an-
nounced himself the champion of feudal institutions,
by which means he obtained the support of those
whose individual privileges were about to be sacrificed
to promote the national interests. In the sight of the
Navarrese Magistracy he called Heaven to witness
that he was more solicitous to preserve inviolate the
chartered rights of the Basque provinces, than he was
to obtain possession of the Spanish throne. The
monks re-echoed the Prince's declaration, and the bait
was eagerly swallowed by an ignorant peasantry. The
populace of Navarre labour under this delusion to the
present moment, and to it may be attributed the past
success of the Carlists. Were the real motives of
Don CARLOS but properly explained to them, there
is no doubt but that they would instantly fling down
their arms, and join the standard of their lawful Sove-
reign, Queen ISABELLA. 11.
Our readers must be aware, that from the commence-
ment of the Spanish rebellion, we advocated active in-
tei vention on the part of England, France, and Por-
tugal. We felt indignant at the idea of quailing be-
fore the menaces of Russia and Prussia, when the
civil liberties of an ally, whom we had pledged our-
selves to defend, were in jeopardy. We are bound,
however, in justice to Lord PALMERSTON and his
Majesty's Government, to state, that we were wrong in
presuming that a dread of provoking hostilities with
the great :Northern Powers had anything to do with the
resolution of the British Cabinet, confining the aid to
be transmitted to Spain, to :volunteers enlisted in the

name and for the service of her Catholic Majesty. I
Respect for the QUEEN herself—regard to the pre-
'
judices of her subjects, which are opposed to the un-
furling of a foreign standard—and not a dread of the
threats of the Holy Alliance, induced Great Britain
to decline marching a regular army, commanded by
British officers, into the Basque Provinces. We con-
fess it affords us the sincerest pleasure to make this
announcement, which is highly creditable to the feel-
ings of the Government. We persist, however, in
our opinion, that the easiest and best way to pacify
Spain, would be by the appearance of an English
army on the frontiers. 'We are confident that the
auxiliaries will succeed in extinguishing every spark
of this rebellion in Navarre ; but our object is to see
it crushed at once, and by all possible means spare the
unhappy peasantry from the protracted horrors of civil
war.

The Paris Papers of Sunday bring no domestic in-
telligence of the slightest importance. The following
is an extract from a letter from Cadiz, dated the
2d inst. :

PARIS, JUNE 27.—A letter from Cadiz of the 2d of June
says :—" A Spanish frigate cast anchor in our port the day
before yesterday. She came from England, and brings 12,000
muskets and 3,000 sabres. _ _ _

" The muskets that lately arrived from England at Corunna
and Cadiz have been distributed in the provinces of Estrema-
dura, Castille, Galicia, and Andalusia, to arm the Urbanos.
Another consignment of 25,000 muskets and other arms for
the same purpose is expected."

German Papers have been received, bringing ad-
vices from Rome to the 13th, and from Athens to the
2d inst. On the Ist inst., being the anniversary of
the accession of 0 THO to the Throne of Greece, his
MAJESTY issued a Proclamation expressive of his
entire devotion to the well-being of his subjects. The
following are the only important paragraphs contained
in it :

• " Greeks, I will ---, 0- '. My regards
shall be contine •c your good--
towards your h; . lab .. weary me—no
difficulty shall d .e. I shall .i,e among you and
for you. This da., iriod in which I fully assume the
reins of Government, . again promise you always to protect
the holy religion of my subjects, and to be the sure support
of their holy Church—to grant justice to all:—to be faithful
to the laws—to protect, with the Divine assistance, your liber-
ties, your rights, and your independence, from all attacks—
and, in the whole of my administration, to have before my eyes
your happiness and your glory.

" I will take gOod care for the reform and perfection of the
laws, and with all my power protect your property, your legi-
timate liberties, and endeavour to consolidate them gradually
by institutions and laws adapted to the state of the country, and
to the just wishes of the nation.

" I will devote my attention to the schools, and take special
care for their increase and amelioration. To the arts and
sciences• I will give every succour of which they have need,
that they may again revive in Greece—their ancient country
and glory."

If these promises are realized in the performances the
Greeks will be a happy people. There is however one
important point which his MAJESTY has entirely over-
looked ; and that is the banishment from about him of
those Bavarians who stand between him and his lawful
subjects. Greece can never be tranquil, while the
Greeks are treated by their King as aliens in their own
country, to make way for a shoal of Bavarian ad-
venturers, whose sole aim is their personal aggran-
dizement.

SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.)

FROM LLOYD'S.

DEAL, JUNE 29.—Wind S. E.—Arrived the Black Nymph,
Smart, from Sierra Leone ; and Rover, --, from Wexford.
Arrived from the river and proceeded the Morley, Douglas, for
Bombay; Mary, Chalken, for Quebec; Shannon, Mills,
for Dublin ; Alert, White, for Whitehaven ; James Stewart,
—, for St. John's, New Brunswick ; and Toranto,
for New York. Five, p.m.—An American brio- passing for
the river ; and the St. James, Leber, sailed the 10th, and
larded passengers at Portsmouth on Saturday.
PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 29.—Wind S. to S. S. E.
PLYMOUTH, JUNE 27.—Wind S.W. to N. W.—Sailed the
ship Ann, Virtue, of London, for the Cape of. Good Hope
and Van Dieman's Land, laden with freight and forty passen-
gers. JUNE 2S.—Wind variable.—Arrived the Astrea, Mel
lee, from Osteign, with beans and seeds for merchants here ;
also the Sir Francis Drake steamer, from Guernsey, with
goods and. passengers—;she sailed this evening for Falmouth.
FALMOUTH, JUNE 28.—Wind S. and N. W.—Arrired. the
Emma, Brabyn, from Cephalonia.
DOVER, JUNE 29.—Arrived off port the Ocean, Forrest,
from Riga.
PORTLAND, JUNE 28.—Arrived off port the Neptune, Brock-
hurst, from Calcutta—sailed from Mauritius the 19th March.

HOLTHEAD, JUNE 28.—,Arrived offport the Circassian, Bru-
nel', from Newfoundland.
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 28.—Arrived off port the Stormont, —,
and New Felix, Laughney, from Demerara ; and Hector and
Harmony, from Mobile.
HULL, JUNE 23.—Arrived the Grecian, Splendoun, from St.
John's, New Brunswick ; George Palmer, Jackson, trom Riga ;
Charlotte, Doote, and Albert Frederick, —, from Memel ;
Heart of Oak, Clarke, Ellen, Jameson, Lustre, Shepherd, and
Sir William Chaytor, Wylie, from Marberg ' • Jansen, —,
from Gottenburg ; Leopoldine, Schultz, from Dantzic ; Mola,
Leming, from Stockholm; and Maria, Catherine, —, from
Copenhagen.
YARMOUTH ROADS, JUNE 28.—Arrived the Earl Grey,
Boyce, from Palermo; and Norah Creina, Hawes, from St.
Petersburgh.

POST-OFFICE No ricE.—His Majest3's brig Nautilus, for the
mail for Lisbon of this day, the 30th instant; letters in time
to-morrow evening, the Ist of July.

THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY, TIMLVE O'CLOCK.

Cape Papers have been received to the 16th April, at the
Mirth and South American Coffee House, but they not bring
a single paragraph respecting the war with the Caffres. The
paper of the 15th April contains the following :—" We are
sorry to observe that the price of Merinos has of late declined
so much, as to render further importations a doubtful specula-
tion. The agitated state of the Colony has", we hope, been
the sole cause of this fall, below a remunerating price. Last
year we sent to Great Britain 129,400 pounds of Wool, which
at an average of one shilling per pound, yielded only 6471.
This, though at an advance on former years, affords a me-
lancholy contrast to what we see in Australia, and to what we
might have seen in South Africa, had we taken up sheep-
farming thirty years ago, with as ratrA) spirit as we devoted
to the vine l"

Our arrivals this morning are one French mail, and a few
ship letters of little import.

THE FUNDS.

Consols, which left off yesterday at 914 for the Account,
opened this morning at the same price, with no business doing
at present. Exchequer Bills, 26 271 India Bonds, 67, pre-
mium ; Bank Stock, 2161.
In the Foreign Market it is settling day for the foreign se-
curities, and at present there is every appearance that the ac-
count will pass off well, as the fluctuations have not been to
any great extent—in no proportion to the late disastrous ac-
counts. Spanish Bonds have been about 8 per cent. extreme
fluctuation. Spanish Scrip about 5 per cent.
This morning the market opened with an improvement in
the prices of Spanish Bonds and Spanish Scrip, the former,
which left off yesterday at 421- 341, has been done at 44.
Spanish Scrip left off at 15i- 15, are at present 14i dis. Por-
tuguese, 85 ; Scrip, 8 dis. ; Mexican, 36 37 ; Columbian,
36i..; Dutch, 551 f.
The Stock Exchange Committee, in the course of the
afternoon of yesterday, declared seven more defaulters stand-
ing over from the former account. They also elected six
new members instead of those who had resigned, one of whom
has since declined to act. Yesterday one outstanding account
of considerable extent was liquidated, which caused an im-
provement in the Spanish Bonds.

HALF-PAST ONE.

Consols may be quoted at present at the price they have
been during the morning, 91 for the Account ; little or no
business has been done during the morning. Exchequer Bills,
26, 28 ; India Bonds, 5 9 ; Bank Stock, 216.
The Foreign Account continues to go off well ; no de-
faulters have been declared, and the chief settling are the
accounts which have been carried over. Most of the transac-
tions done during the present Account have been for money.
Spanish Bonds, 434 ; Scrip, 14i discount, Portuguese, 85.
Accounts from the Swan River have been received to the
4th of February ; they are of a very favourable nature. The
harvest is most abundant; about 40,000 acres of beautiful land
had been discovered south of Perth. The colonial receipts for
the quarter ended was 1,946/. ; expenses, 1,483/.
Consols for the Account, 91i.

THREE 0' CL 0 CK.

It appears from a Parliamentary Return that Go-
vernment paid to W. V. Landgridge, Esq., of Lewes, on the
28th April, 1834, the sum of 323/. 14s. Bd. towards the ex-
penses of prosecuting the Editor of the Brighton Guardian.
We understand that the case of Mr. O'Dwyer, the
late Liberal Member for Drogheda, is deemed so singular in
its circumstances that several Liberal Members of the House
of Commons are raising a' subscription in order to indemnify
Mr. O'Dwyer against the expenses of two contests and two
committees. The absurdity of disqualifying and unseating a
Member on technical points of law was never more manifested.
Half the Housed Commons must sensibly feel this. —Aft:riling
Paper.

LITERATURE.

ENCYCLOPiEDIA BRITANNICA.
VOL. XI. PART I. SEPRXTH EDITION.

EDITED BY PROFESSOR ArAIPIIIR.
Black, Edinburgh; Simpkin and Marshall, London.

This Edition of one of the most useful and compre-
hensive works in any language, owes much of its pe-
culiar excellence to the learning, industry and ability
of its highly accomplished Editor. It embodies in its
various scientific articles, every discovery that has been
made since the publication of the first edition. The
supplements to all the former editions are in-
corporated in the body of the work ; and the en-
gravings, which have been carefully executed on
steel, are entirely new. The middling classes
rarely think of purchasing works of this descrip-
tion on account of their dearness, forgetting that
a good Encyclopaedia comprises within itself the
knowledge of extensive libraries in every department of
science, art, and general literature. Besides, there is
the greatest advantage to persons of limited income in
the periodical publication of works in Numbers, Parts,
and single Volumes. Nothing is wanted to enable all
persons of moderate means to become purchasers of
some useful work but strict habits of economy, and a
rigid adherence to some rule for the appropriation of a
weekly or monthly trifle, to the exclusive purchase of
valuable books. In past times there was some excuse
for the ignorance of the people on almost every subject.
Books were scarce ; and a work in ten or twenty vo-
lumes was not to be had separately and at regular
intervals, and consequently was placed out of the reach
of all, save persons of fortune. Now the case is very
different. Not only are Encyclopmdias published in
Parts, but even the best historical and fictitious works
in any language may be had in Monthly Volumes, at a
price so moderate, that we only wonder how the pub
lishers can realize a profit upon them. There is no
longer any excuse for ignorance. The poorest artizan
may, in the course of three or four years, collect toge-
ther a handsome little family library, without seeming
to abstract a shilling from his household expenditure.