The Sun.
London, England, 1866-11-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONIJON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1. 1866.

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HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, OCt. 30.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise, and
attended by the Duchess of ltoxburghe, drove to the
Lynn of Muich.

Tho Finance 3 of the United States.

(From the Derbyshire Courier.)

The New York. Tribune writes:—"The actual current
revenue of the Federal Government is considerably over
$500,000,000 per annum ; its expenditure, including inte-
rest on its public debt and the payment of $100,000,000 of
the principal per annum, are considerably less than
$400,000,000. In other words, we can pay every current
charge against the Treasury this year, and yet extinguish
more than a fifteenth part of our public debt."
This is just what might have been expected from the
existing currency system of the United States. We have
repeatedly stated in this paper that such would be the
state of things, unless the greatest mismanagement on the
part of the Financial Secretary of the United States pre-
vented it. _

In the time of urgent need, when civil war with all its
destructive evils raged throughout their country, the
people of the United States had faith in themselves
Their gold and silver were expended. Yet they found the
means of raising and keeping in the field, for six years, en-
ormous armaments, for constructing a splendid Navy, for
bearing up under the derangements of their foreign trade
and their domestic industry, in an idea. What was that
idea ? One of their own writers has thus expressed it:
" Gold does not represent wealth more than real estate and
certain kinds of property, since productive farms, mines,
furnaces, mills, and factories, and labour-saving machinery
generally, are more valuable than gold, under a wise poli-
tical economy." They went on to carry out this idea into
practice. They recognised the truth that circulating notes
" answer a better purpose for domestic business transac-
tions than specie, and can be secured as effectually on a
property as on a gold basis."
With no sparing hand then did their Government
having received the sanction of the people's representatives
issue out paper money based on the whole property of the
American nation.

"For domestic purposes and home circulation," says the
writer before quoted, " our present national currency is
more available than gold, and being secured by first mort-
gage bonds on our property, while the issues are regulated
by the Government, there is no danger from suspension
and bankruptcy."

Before this Paper money was issued the people of the
United States had determined to submit to any sacrifice to
subdue the South. They had the will—paper money en-
dued them with the power. " I have no money," a far West
farmer might say, "gold is drained away and is a fabulous
price, but I have sheep and oxen at the service of the Com-
monwealth." " I have no property," said the working man,
"but I have arms and legs at the service of my country."
Then Government issued the almighty greenback. The
people had faith in themselves. The contractor gave his
stores, the soldier accepted his ray, the Minister of State
took his salary in these bits of paper. The farmer pur-
chased greenbacks with his sheep and oxen. The working
man bought greenbacks with his labour. These green-
backs, the representatives of a portion of tho nation's wealth
and the nation's labour, were paid in for taxes and again
issued out by Government

So the war came to a successful issue. Then came the
reaction. What would beoomo of the men lately employed
in fighting? What would become of the army contractors?
The gunpowder makers ? What became of thorn was this.
They turned to productive industry in the place of destruc-
tive industry. The fight was over, and now "labour-sav-
ing machinery, furnaces, mills, and factories" claimed their
exertions. For the money remained. Happily for the
United States the national currency was not withdrawn•
The paper money which had done so much for them in
war did more for them in peace. So, says an American
bullionist correspondent of the Times, " with all but the
poorest classes money is a drug ; they do not know what
to do with it ; they pay enormous prices for everything
they oat and wear, for their dwelling, and every comfort
of life ; pay heavy taxes without grumbling, and give
freely to political and charitable objects." As for the
working men they aro all employed, and get high wages
for their labour, as they ought to do. It is the abundance
of national currency which enables the poor man to obtain
high wages—thore is plenty of money to give in exchange
for his labour. The producer is able to add the amount of
his taxation to the cost of production, and to charge a
high price for the products of industry. As a consutn or
the working man and the manufacturer pay their fair
share of the national taxation.

Cheap and dear aro only relative terms. In a heavily-
taxed country, like America, everything ought in justice
to be at a high price. Especially should the working man,
the creator of the nation's wealth, obtain a high price for
his labour. And at the present time in America he does
so.

It may be said that the war made America "poorer by
all the property destroyed, all the gunpowder burnt, all
the devastation of the South, and all the able-bodied labour-
ing men who were killed." No doubt it did. But there
was another cause in operation all the time making Ame-
rica richer. That cause was the abundance of money
which even while the war continued was employed in their
mines, and furnaces and factories, their forests and prairies,
in developing the country's resources. Since the conclu-
sion of peace this process has been going on with increased
rapidity.
'' The movement of trade at Now York for the current
year shows that the revenues of the Government are be-
coming larger than ever. The receipts from customs from
Jan. 1 to' Sept. 22 have been $101,680,500, against
$70,481,835 for the corresponding period of 1865—an in-
crease of $31,198,705 during but little more than two-
thirds of the year. The receipts of gold at New York
from California and elsewhere during the same period have
been $31,612,256. against $13,728,147 for the correspond-
ing period of last year—an increase of $17,884,109. The
exports of specie toEurope have been $53,962,450, as com-
pared with $21,830,124 —an increase of $32,132,326, there
having been $14,248,217 more specie shipped to Europe
during the period referred to than was received at New
York from 41 sources."—Times' Correspondent, Oct 2.
During the panic here the Americans sent us in three
weeks no less than eight millions sterling of gold.
Gold is in fact cheaper, in relation to other commodities,
than anything else in the United States. It is not wanted
for a circulating medium at home, and is therefore free for
the uses of foreign trade. A very large amount of gold is
now held in the Government Treasury, and not the
slightest difficulty exists in paying the interest in gold on
the part of the debt which was issued on that under-
standing. Of course, with a superabundant revenue, the
United States can purchase at the price of the day any
required amount of gold.

There is, too, we are told, " no wild speculative projects
on the American market."

,4 The people do not wander far outside the regions of
safe securities."

There is one more remarkable fact to be stated. The
population in 1860 was 31,443,321. It is in 1866, 35,500,000.
Paper money has carried on the war, raised an enormous
revenue, created a monstrous debt which it appears able
to redeem at pleasure. It has resuscitated trade, promoted
the prosperity of the nation, enabled it to buy gold at
pleasure, and it has brought men, by the inducements
which its flourishing condition have held out to the work-
ing classes of the old world, to four times the amount of
those who perished in the War.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE—This Day.

MANSION-HOUSE.

EMBEZZLEMENT BY A CLERK.—Joseph Morris, 23, Alfred-
place, Bedford-square, was brought up on remand before
Mr. Alderman Lusk charged with embezzling several
cheques and moneys, the property of his employers, Messrs.
Groucutt and Co., iron dealers, Bilston, Staffordshire.
Mr. Beard appeared for the prosecution, and a profes-
sional gentleman on behalf of tho prisoner to watch the
case.

Prom the evidence adduced previously and to-day, it
appeared that the prisoner had been employed for several
years as clerk in the firm of Groucutt, and at the time that
he was alleged to have committed the different acts of em
bezzlement charged against him he was engaged at an office
of the company in Cannon-street at a salary of £5. Last
August Mr. Daniel Groucutt, °Lie of the firm, Eliding
that the prisoner had discontinued corresponding with
him, came to London, and then discovered the frauds in
question. It was clearly proved that the prisoner had been
paid divers cheques and moneys from customers of the
prosecutors for which he had not accounted, and a letter
dated the early part of last month from the prisoner was
put in as evidence, admitting that he had been guilty of
defrauding his employers, and he ascribed his misconduct
to difficulties caused by unsuccessful speculation. At his
lodgings some scrip and betting books were found.
Alderman Lusk, at the close of the evidence, committed
the prisoner for trial at the Central Criminal Court.

The prisoner applied to be admitted to bail.
Alderman Lusk said that the frequency of these em-
bezzlements became very serious. Scarcely a day passed
that there were not 3 or 4 of them brought before the
magistrates. It was very painful to see a young man like
the prisoner, who held a good situation, guilty of the
offence with which he was charged, but under the circum-
stances he refused bail.

Norwich Musical Festival.

NORWICH, Wednesday.

The intelligent traveller, on his arrival at Norwich,
ought, according to the local handbook, to be reminded of
the description given of it by Fuller—or "old" Fuller, to
give him his indispensable epithet. "Norwich," he wrote,
" is (as you please) a city in an orchard, or an orchard in a
city." Most men would prefer for continued residence a
city in an orchard, but at the present moment what Nor-
wich really resembles is an immense fair. All 'the houses,
without exception, seem to bo decorated, some with flags,
some with bouquets, garlands, or other floral devices, and
all with illumination lamps. Of course every shop in the
town is shut, and equally, as a matter of course, every first
floor along the line of procession is thrown open, the win-
dows being blocked up with an eager crowd of loyal sight-
seers. The weather, which on Monday was cloudy, and
on Tuesday rainy, is to-day magnificently fine, so that the
female beauty for which Norfolk (in common with every,
county in England) enjoys (in the county itself) a particu-
lar celebrity is seen to great advantage, irradiated, as it
always should be on such out-of-door occasions
as this by a moderate amount of sunshine. Volunteers of
every arm, reinforced by a troop of dragoon guards,
detached specially for festival service from a regiment
quartered at Colchester, aro parading the streets. Most of
the neighbouring gentry who take an interest in the pro-
ceedings have already arrived, and now, at the last
moment, excursion trains are pouring out their human
contents into the town, while little squads of Norfolk far-
mers come riding in on horseback.

Desperate exertions are being made to obtain good places
for the great sight. Prices rise up as the critical moment
draws near. When it begins to be whispered that the royal
party are about to pass through the first triumphal arch
fresh points of view aro discovered, and the right of profit-
ing by them quickly disposed of. Then the sound of can-
non in the distance is heard, and immediately afterwards I
observe that several enterprising visitors, emulous of the
fame of Dr. W. H. Russell, and mistaking the peaceful en-
try of the Prince and Princess of Wales into the loyal city
of Norwich for the battle of Sadowa, are hurrying to take
up their position on the top of the cathedral tower.
It has perhaps been already stated that their Royal
Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, accompanied
by her Majesty the Queen of Denmark, were to leave
Sandringham for Costessy Hall on Tuesday (yesterday)
afternoon, and that a grand display of fireworks was to take
place on their arrival. The following nobility and gentry
had been invited by Lord and Lady Stafford to meet their
royal guests :—The Earl and Countess of Leicester and
Lady Anne Coke, Lord and Lady Sondes and the Hon.
Miss Mulles, Lord and Lady Suffield, the Earl of Gosford,
Viscount Duncan, Lord and Lady Lovat and the Hon.
Charlotte Fraser, the Hon. tho Master of Lovat, Hon.
Wm. and Mrs. Stafford Jerningham, Mr. Fitzosbort Staf-
ford Jerningham, Mr. and Mn;. Basil Fitzherbert, Sir
Robert Gerard, Major and Mrs. Gerard, and the Hon.
Francis Stonor. Lieut.-Gen. Knollys, Major Grey, and the
Hon. Mrs. Stoner were in attandance on the prince and
princess, and the Countess Reventlow and Captain Cus-
tenschiold on the Queen of Denmark. The arrangements
made by Lord Stafford for his illustrious guests are said to
have been of tho most complete kind, and to have comprised
everything that good taste couldsuggest and wealth secure.
The royal cortege was accompanied from Costessy by an
escort of Dragoon Guards and of Norfolk Light Horse, and
was met at the boundary of the city, near the Hellesdon toll-
gate, by the mayor and other officers of the corporation, who
accompanied it to St. Giles-gate. Then a procession was
formed, in which the chief constable, a party of mounted
police, a detachment of the Ist Norfolk Rifle Volunteers, a
deputation from various friendly societies, several flag-
bearers, a great variety of clerks (to the guardians, to the
burial board, to the board of health, and so on), a largo
number of councillors, aldermen, and magistrates (four
abreast), the city banner, the mace, the sword of justice,
and, finally, the under-sheriff and sheriff, the deputy-mayor
and mayor, took part. These and other civic and county
authorities wore followed by an escort of the Ist Norfolk
Light Horse Volunteers, which immediately preceded their
Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales and
suite. More volunteers, horse and foot, formed the coda of
the procession, which was of a brilliant and imposing cha-
racter. No one not belonging to the escort or the suite, or
who did not in some capacity join in the procession, can say
positively at this moment what took place as it passed down
the narrow and densely-crowded streets through which its
destined course lay. But there is reason to believe that on
arriving at the Guildhall their royal highnesses alighted at
the great south door, and were conducted to the council
chamber. It was also on the official cards of the ceremony
that an address from the corporation would there bo pre-
sented by the mayor, and another from the bishop
and clergy by the lord bishop, who was ac-
companied by the chancellor, the archdeacon, the
canons in residence, the proctors for the clergy,
the rural dean of Norwich, and the registrar. The pro-
cession was then reformed, and the prince and princess
were escorted, as before, to St. Andrew's Hall, where they
wore received in the most enthusiastic manner by the im-
mense crowd assembled round the building.
In the meanwhile the musical performance had been
going on for some time, but without obtaining much atten-
tion from the audience, who were probably not unwilling
to hear Spohr's anthem, " 0 blessed, blessed aro they,'
followed by Mr. Costa's oratorio of " Naaman," but who
were bent above all on seeing the Prince and Princess,and
could think of nothing else until their arrival. Then, their
Royal Highnesses having actually arrived, the public could
still think of nothing else until their departure, which did
not take place until the oratorio was at an end; so that on the
whole the music of this morning did not—indeed could not,
under the circumstances—meet with the attention which
in itself it deserved. Spohr's anthem had, it appears, never
boon heard before at Norwich, and the amateurs of thotown
may well consider that they have not heard it even now.
The only musical novelty that has yet been produced at
this festival is Mr. Sullivan's overture "In Memoriam,"
which was played at last night's concert.

A BIRTHPLACE OF CIIOLERA.—ThO town of
Pundhurpore, which is 119 miles from Poona, and is on
the right bank of the Bheema (or Chundrabhage) river,
has the distinction of being the dwelling-place of the idol
Vitoba, believed by Hindoos to be an incarnation of
Vishnu that appeared at that place. This idol Is the
chief object of worship among the Murathas, and pil-
grims come from far to see it. The worship is considered
to be of more than usual virtue in two seasons of the year,
which fall in July and October, and last from the 11th day
of the waxing to the 11th day of the waning moon. At
these times from 50,000 to 100,000 pilgrims are added
to the 14,000 residents in Pundhurporo. Dr. Leith, presi-
dent of the Bombay Sanitary Commission, who inspected
the place last year, states that the temple of Vitoba com-
prises three ante-chambers and the idol chamber, the last
being Bft. by Bft. in size, with a domed roof 30ft. high,
under which stands the stone image of the idol. T.he pil-
grims, entering the second ante-chamber, find there one or
more of the Budwaee Brahmins, who inherit the revenue of
the temple, and who in allowing entrance to it give a pre-
ference to those whose offerings aro most worthy, keeping
out others by the free use of the toba, or knotted handker-
chief. Before entering the temple the pilgrims are crowded
into anarrow court, where the total free area is only about
449 square yards. Hero they have to stand or sit packed
close together for many hours, and the poor and feeble,
who are unable to force their way, may remain from morn-
ing to night, fasting from obligation, or having eaten earth
nuts only, thirsty, heated, and fatigued by the struggle.
and breathing an atmosphere polluted by the crowd, and
by the filthiness naturally resulting from the long confine-
ment of so many people unable to retire when requiring
to do so. About 20 are allowed to enter the temple to do
obeisance each time the Budwa inside opens the door.
The crushing is so great that there is not room to move
one's arms, and the air is suffocating. The clothes are
wet with perspiration, and by the time the idol chamber
is reached the devotees are bewildered and nearly un-
conscious, and so dazzled by the light there, after the dark-
ness they have been in, that they can scarcely understand
the instructions of the poojaree to present their offering.
The inner walls become damp with the moisture exhaled
by the crowd, and the idol also becomes wet, and the priest
then says the god is fatigued. After passing through the
temple the exhausted pilgrim returns, if he bo rich enough,
to a crowded lodging in the town or to a tent, and if he be
poor he lies down without other shelter than his blanket
or sheet in the damp air of the uncovered portion of the
river bed, having drunk of itsiwater that has been reck-
lessly polluted and defiled by man and beast. On the 15th
day of the two sacred seasons it is the custom fot the pil-
grims to visitthe neighbouring temple of Kala Copal. This
visit is attended with great licence and revelry, and the
concourse of people is immense. Caste is ignored, and all
join in the sports the god is said to have enjoyed in his
youth, and after dancing together under the suspendedpot
of curds, and smearing themselves and each other with the
contents of the pot when it is broken, they all sup of it to-
gether. The revenue of the temple of Vitoba is not exactly
known, but it is estimated that 60,000 rs. are collected by
the Budwaee ; the Government payment is rather more
than 3,000 rs, and is given to a:committee who spend it for
the temple according to their discretion. It has for manyt
years been noticed that cholera frequently appears with
virulence at the Pundhurpore pilgrimage, and that it lvi
subsequently spread over the country by the returning
survivors of the pilgrims. The seeds of the disease could
for their rapid
scarcely find more favourable circumstancesfrandhurpore are
development. The lanes and alley
abused to such purposes as to be nseualortil
stranger in the morning until the mytudimevsipsoaiftsswpaibaglssemhtaaovdeea
done their work as scavengers. Dr. Leith's
with a view to prevent the gathering of the pilgrims from
recommended
various
ventila-
improvements intended to prey'
.
tion of the temple, secure dry encamping ground for the
pilgrims, provide clean drinking water
and good drainage
rid the streets of nuisances, and prevent over-crowding in
The pilgrimage ought not to be encouraged,
the houses.
but it cannot be suppressed, and humanity and the com-
mon welfare require that its mischiefs and dangers be by
all legitimate and practicable means, abated.