The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-10 00:00:00

Social Science Congress.

MANCHESTER, Tuesday.
The proceedings opened this morning with an
address by Sir J. Shuttleworth, president of the De-
partment of Economy and Trade, being " A sketch
of the Laws of Social Progress, illustrated by the
Growth of the Freedom and Political Capacity of
the Manual Labour Class in England." This paper,
which was a very able one, was of great length.
In the sections all the special questions proposed
for the Congress had been proposod of, and to-day

was mostly devoted to the reading of voluntary
papers. Those most worthy of notice were, in Sec-
tion C of Jurisprudence, a paper by Mr. J. Pope

Hennessy, "On the Treatment of Political Pri-
soners ;" in the department of Education, a special
paper, by the Rev. Nassau Molesworth, "On the
Half-time System," and one by W. B. Hodgson,

LL.D., " On the Pressure for Employment among
Women of the Middle Class ;" in Section A of
Economy and Trade, papers by R. Arthur Arnold,
" On the Future of Labour ;" by Elie Reclus, on
the French Co-operative Societies ; by Archibald
Briggs, on the Whitwood Colliery ; by T. J. Duning
on Lock-outs ; by Andrew Edgar, on the recent
report of the select committee of the House of Com-
mons ; and in a supplementary section of Economy
and Trade a paper by Barbara Bodichon, on the
extension of the suffrage to women.

Queen.

Mr. AIOLESWORTH, in introducing his paper (De-
partment of Education), said he had some time since
accompanied Mr. E. Chadwick, C. 8., in an investi-
gation which he made in Rochdale and its neigh-
bourhood into the working of the half-time system.
The following were the conclusions it tended to
establish, and which it was the object of the paper
to establish :-1. That a master can completely
exhaust the attention of children under his care in
less than three hours, even with intervals of repose.
2. That a manual and industrial occupation gives
great advantage to a child in the acquirement of
knowledge. 3. That the half .time system has caused
the children of these districts to receive an education
they would not otherwise have obtained. 4. That
as a general rule the half-time schools afford a much
better education than middle class schools. In other
words that the working classes obtain for 2d. and
4d. a week a better education than is obtained by
the middle class for ls., is. 6d., and 2s. a week. 5.
That the military or naval drill should be introduced
in all schools aided by the Government.
In answer to a question from the Chairman,
Mr. MOLESWORTH said he was of opinion that the
half-time system had been to improve the quality of
education generally in the district.
Mr. ANGELL combated the notion that half-timers
made more progress than children in the schools
of the middle class, and said, if it was true, it was
not because the half-time system was good, but be-
cause the teaching in the whole-time schools was
bad.
Professor FAWCETT thought one or two sugges-
tions had been thrown out by Mr. Molesworth which
were valuable, and he thought the evidence he had
referred to suggested the extension of the half-time
system to every branch of industry. It would do
much to solve the difficulties in the way of extend-
ing national education to the lower classes. He be-
lieved the proposal practicable, and the arguments
in its favour irresistible. He thought a great and
valuable step would be made in the application of
this system to all employments to a better education
of the masses. The agriculturists were introducing
machinery extensively into their pursuits, and it was
important to have education extended in their dis-
tricts. He thought the system could be introduced
into agricultural employments, but of course it
would have to be done with sonic modifications.
Dr. LANKESTER thought many children were un-
able to sustain without injury to health the long
hours of mental training to which they were gene-
rally subjected. Something should be done to break
up the system, so that the mental faculties would
not be subject to too much strain at a time.
In this section the following resolutions (with
the introductory preamble), moved by the Rev. W.
R. Clay, yesterday, and then discussed at some
length, were this morning put to the vote, and all

were carried by majorities
_a o wbile.slxoßo.,-.IY
cation must be made by Act of Parliament, arc
nevertheless convinced that much might be done in
the meantime by relaxing in some points the Privy
Council rules, and therefore earnestly request the
Council of the Association to press on the Commit-
tee of Council on Education the necessity for modi-
fying the Revised Code in the following particulars
in the case of elementary schools, where the average
attendance is below 70, or where the school fees
do not reach one-sixth of the total annual ex-

• penses :
" 1. That a certificated teacher be not necessarily
required.
"2. That the age at which children present at
the inspection become entitled to the grant of Gs. 6d.
without individual examination be raised from six
to eight years.
" 3. That supplementary rules 8 and 9 be not

enforced.
"4. That where an additional expense is incurred
by industrial teaching a grant in aid be given.
"5. That when the schools are held in rented
premises no deduction be made for endowment, un-
less to the extent of the excess (if any) of the en-
dowment over the rent."
Mr. A rthur Arnold's paper in Section A of Eco-
nomy and Trade was followed by a discussion, in
which Professor Fawcett, M.P., Mr. Potter, M.P.,
and Mr. Hugh Mason took part.

MARKE TS. --This Day.

MARK LANE.

Only moderate supplies of home-grown wheat wore re-
ceived fresh up to our market to-day. Very little business
was passing in any description, and no portion of the late
decline was recovered. On the whole, the quantity of the
supply was good.

Thorn was a moderate quantity of foreign wheat on offor.
In all kinds sales progressed slowly at Monday's reduc-
tion in prices.

Floating cargoes of grain moved off slowly, on former
terms.

The supply of barley was moderate. Fine malting par-
cels changed hands steadily, at full currencies, otherwise
the trade was heavy.
Malt was firm on former tering.

We were moderately supplied with oats, the demand for
which was inactive at late rates.

For both beans and peas the in,quiry was limited, a
about stationary prices.
Tho flour trade was quiet on former terms.

SHIP ARRIVALS THIS WEEK.
Wheat. Barley. Malt. Oats. Flour.
English and Scotch 260 770 140 1,050
Irish

Foreign 15,340 2,8G0

-28,750 1,250 sks.
brls.
COMPARATIVE QUANTITIES AND PRICES OF GRAIN.

For the week ending Oct. For the corresponding week
6, 1866. last year.
Qrs. Aver. Qrs. Aver.
Wheat 89,370-52s 2(l' Wheat 76,387-41s 1(1
Barley 42,104-41 s 4d! Barley 32,278-30 s 4(1
Oats 4,367-23s Id, Oats

BOROUGH HOP.
1" Most kinds of hops have been in steady request, and late
rates have been easily obtained. ,

WIIITECIIAPEL.

Fair supplies of meat aro on sale. Primo qualities move
off freely at full prices ; otherwise, the trade is dull.

Per 81b. by the carcase.

Beef 3s 4d to 4s 8d 1 Mutton..: 3s 8d to 5s 4d
Veal 4s Od to 5s 4d 1 Pork

The Price of Gold.
The quotation of gold at Paris is about at par, and
the short exchange on London is 25.25 per £1 sterling. On
comparing these rates with the English Mint price of XJ
rrs. lOid. per ounce fbr standard gold, it appears that gold is
about 3-10ths per cent. dearer in London than in Paris.
the course of exchange at New York on Loudon for bills at
60 days' sight is about 119ijper cent. At this rate there
is no profit on the importation of gold from the UniteJ
States.

The steamer Floride, belonging to the Trans-
atlantic Company, was preparing on Saturday to leave
Havre for New York, when all at once she was observed
to be sinking, and before another half-hour she grounded
in the basin. The vessel was about to take out 580 emi-
grants ; and besides the stores necessary for so many people
she had on board bupplies for the French troops in Mexico
and 150 tons of various merchandise. No conjecture can
be formed as to the cause of the disaster. Divers were
sent down to examine the ship's bottom and position, and
the pumps are at work to keep her as free as possible of
water.

6111 rt - Cirtrihr

HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, Monday.
The Queen, Prince and Princess Christian, Princess
Louise, and Prince Arthur, accompanied by the Mar-
chioness of Ely and Col. Ponsonby, attended Divine service
at the parish church, Crathie, yesterday.
The Rev. Dr. Robert Lee, one of her Majesty's chaplains,
officiated.

Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart., C. 8., arrived at the Castlo
on Saturday, and is the Minister in attendance upon the

Sir Stafford Northeoto and Dr. Lee had the honour of
dining with her Majesty and the Royal family.

HER MAJESTY'S DEPARTURE FROM DUNICELD.—
Her Majesty left the Cottage on Saturday for Bal-
moral at half-past ten. Previous to her departure the gates
of the grounds wero thrown open, and the public freely
admitted. A crowd of several hundreds of respectably
dressed people accordingly lined the avenue to catch a
glimpse of the Queen. Before the carriage drove off her
Majesty called Mr. Cariington, the factor, to her, and ex-
pressed to him her gratification with the fountain, which
she had seen the previous evening, and with the design
and workmanship of which she expressed herself highly
pleased. There was a rumour that her Majesty was to
have planted a tree, as she did on a former occasion, in
remembrance of hor visit, but she did not 00 so. A few
minutes before her Majesty started, Prince Arthur,
General Grey, the Marchioness of Ely, and Miss Mac-
gregor left in a waggonette, the young prince freely ac-
knowledging the cheers of the crowd by lifting his High-
land bonnet. Then came her Majesty, the Princess Louise,
and tho duchess, in a carriage and pair, with postilion and
outriders—and Ghillies Grant and Brown on the box. Her
Majesty was loudly cheered, and graciously acknowledged
the applause by repeated bows. She was dressed, as
usual, in plain black, with widow's cap beneath her bon-
net, and crape veil, and looked remarkably well. The
party were to proceed by carriage to Loch Ordy ; thence
they were to ride on ponies over the hill, and take
luncheon at Kiudrogan. The Duchess was then to pro-
ceed several miles ou the journey with the Queen, and
afterwards to return to Kiudrogan, where she would pass
the Sunday. On Monday she is to leave Kindrogan for
Dunkeld Cottage, which she will leave in the evening on a
visit to her father, Mr. Home Drummond, of Blair Drum-
mond, near Stirling. The Queen's travelling carriage was
despatched by the coach road to meet her on the other
side of the hill, and convey her to Balmoral. The day
was a most delightful one, and no doubt the journey
would be much enjoyed. Mr. Fisher, of the Royal Hotel,

had, as usual, charge of the posting arrangements. Dur-
ing her Majesty's stay at the cottage there were two men
from the Athole Highlanders on guard every evening in
front of• her rooms. Our Kirkmichael correspondent
writes—" The Queen, the Princess Louise, and Prince
Arthur crossed the hill by Lochhusina to Kindrogan on
Saturday, and thence through Kirkmichael village by the
Blackwater road to Spittal of Glenshee. Her Majesty was
accompanied by the Dowager Duchess of Athole, Miss
Ilacgregor, General Grey, and suite. Ponies were used in
crossing the hill, and when about half way over the royal
party were met by Mr. P. S. Keir, and Mr. W. A. Keir, of
Kindrogan. Some of Mr. Keir's gamekeepers were pre-
sent, neatly dressed in Highland costume, and the Messrs.
Keir also wore the kilt. Luncheon was served to the royal
party on the Kindrogan hill, a little to the west of the
house, by Mrs. S. Keir. The day was beautiful, warm,
and sunshiny. After a short stay the royal carriage drove
off for Balmoral. The royal party bowed graciously to all
and sundry as they passed along Strathardle. They ar-
rived at Kindrogan at two and Kirkmichael at three."—
Dundee Advertiser.
THE ROYAL VISIT TO DIJNROBIN.—His Royal
Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, accompanied by the Earl
and Countess Grosvenor and Hon. Lady Bagot, arrived at
Dunrobin Castle on Saturday afternoon from Slack Lodge.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales,
his Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, their Graces
the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, and a large and dis-
tinguished party of visitors at the Castle, attended Divine
service in the parish church at Golspie on Sunday.
We are informed that Earl Cowley will retain
the post of Ambassador at Paris till after the visit which
their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales
intend to pay to the Great Exhibition next summer, when
they will be the guests of his Excellency.
Lord Bloomfield, her Majesty's Ambassador at
the Court of Vienna, arrived in town at the close of the
past week, from Vienna, and has since gone to- his seat in
Ireland.

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The marriage of Lord Craven to Miss Barrington,
and of Mr. Arinar Corry to Miss Greg, will take place in
bsr,,
T 1
son of Lord Colchester, is about to marry Lady Constance
Amherst, second daughter of the Earl and Countess
Amherst.
The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington arrived in
town yesterday, from his seat, Westwood Park, Worces-
tershire.
The Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer .
arrived in town yesterday from Hughenden Manor, Bucks
Mr. Charles Schreiber, M.P., and Lady Charlotte
Schreiber have left Canford Manor, Dorset, for Chelten-
ham.

We understand that the marriage of Mr. Everard
llambro with Miss Stewart will take place this month.

A MODERN LIBERAL STATESMAN.

The following political character of Lord Mel-
bourne is published in the " Life of Archbishop
Whately" by his daughter. It appears to have
been found in the Archbishop's private note-book :
"After all, Lord Melbourne's plan was to let
everything alone, good or bad, till forced to make
a change. Ile was the highest Conservative I ever
knew. For he was not like many so-called, who
have really persuaded themselves that such and such
alleged abuses are really good ;,he saw in many cases,
and has often pointed out to me, the evils of such and
such institutions ; adding, however, that he was very
sorry they should ever have been meddled with :
' I say, Archbishop, all this reforming gives a deuced
deal of trouble, eh ? eh ? I wish they'd let it all
alone.' Any change, in whatever department, was
to him so much greater au evil than the continuance
of any abuse that he would always avoid it if be
could. But then he had, which most Conservatives
have not, shrewdness enough to perceive when it
was unavoidable, and then he always welcomed it
with so much gladness that many people were
alarmed with a dread of his going too far ; and
thus he offered the most effectual check to innova-
tions. For John Bull becomes furious at a very
obstinate opposition to some change which he con-
ceives called for; but if it is readily granted, the in-
nate conservatism of the nation is called forth very
strongly. He is like a restive horse, which, if you turn
his head away from the ditch he is backing towards,
and whip and spur him from it will back the more
violently ; but if you turn him towards it, and seem
rather to urge him that way, will shrink from it.
Lord Melbourne took the latter mode. Yet, though
he thought with the Tories and acted with the
Whigs, I always vindicated him from the charge of
inconsistency. A man is not a traitor for surren-
dering a town to the enemy when untenable, in-
stead of waiting to have it stormed and sacked ;
though iu so doing he is acting with those who wish
the enemy to have possession of it, while his feelings
and wishes are with those who are for holding out
and dyingin the breach. He differed from the Whigs
in deprecating all changes, good or bad ; he differed
from the (other) Tories in conceding readily what he
saw to be inevitable. Yet this man will probably go
down to posterity as a zealous reformer. A monu-
ment to Sir Robert Peel and the Duke, as the authors
of catholic emancipation and free trade and the
Maynooth grant, and to Lord Melbourne as the
friend to Parliamentary reform, tithe reform, the
Irish Temporalities Act, and the abolition of slavery,
these should certainly stand side by side, and a
most laughable pair they would be. "I say Arch-
bishop, what do you think I'd have done about this
slavery business, if I'd had my own way ? I'd have
have done nothing! I'd have left it all alone. It's
all a pack of nonsense ! Always have been slaves
in all the most civilised countries ; the Greeks and
Romans had slaves; however, they would have their
fancy, and so we've abolished slavery ; but it's great
folly, &c." And this was the general tone of his
conversation, and a specimen of his political views.

MADAME TusSAUD'S. —A full-length portrait
model, taken from life, of the criminal John Richard
Jeffreys, who was executed in front of Newgato on Tues-
day last, for the foul murder of his little son, six years Of
age, by hanging him in a cellar in the neighbourhood of
St. Giles's, is now added to Madame Tussaud's celebrated
Chamber of Horrors in Baker-street.

The Bishop of Nancy has issued a circular letter
to his clergy, directing a general collection on behalf
of the ,sufferers by the inundations,