The Sun.
London, England, 1859-08-08 00:00:00

THE ARMY.'

An order has been received at the Aberdeen
depot battalion for the depot of the 78th High-
landers, under the command of Capt. St. George,
to move to Fort George on the 10th inst., there to
await the arrival of the regiment, which is ex-
pected from India about the middle of September.
The depot at present numbers about 320 men, with
the following officers :—Capt. St. George, com-
manding ; Capt. 1 ielden; Lieuts. Bindon, Thomp-
son, M'Neill, and Graham; Ensigns Inglis, Sir A.
Mackenzie, Murray, Davies, Williamson, Baillie,
Richardson, Swanson, and Ingle.
The 16th Regiment of Infantry embarked on
board the Himalaya, at Kingstown, on Saturday
morning for the north of England, having been re-
lieved in Dublin by the 22d Regiment, from Man-
chester.
With the view of improving the sanitary condi-
tion of the troops at Chatham who are now under
canvas, orders have been given to the authorities
at that garrison to have the camp supplied with
water from the waterworks. Pipes have accord-
ingly been laid down to the Spur battery, where
the troops belonging to the 2d battalion are en-
camped, and a bountiful supply of water is thus
placed at the service of the men.
In addition to the troops belonging to the 2d and
3d battalions at Chatham who are now under can-
vas,; several tents have been pitched within the
grounds of the several military hospitals, and these
are occupied by upwards of 100 of the patients, it
having been found that by placing the sick troops
under canvas they ate restored to health much
more rapidly than when confined in the close hos-
pital wards.
The coroner's jury recently assembled at Wool-
wich toinauire into the circumstances attending
the death at the hospital of Tames Whitehead, the
unfortunate gunner of Lieut.-Col. Michel's battery,
Royal Artillery, have received an answer from
Brigade-Major Shaw, informing them that their
application requesting a military inquiry will be
complied with. It appears by the evidence adduced

The whole of the building labourers and mechanics
employed at Woolwich bythe firms of Messrs. Lucas
Brothers, Kirk and Parry, Myers and Co., Piper,
Hicks, Smith, and others, on receiving their weekly
pay on Saturday evening, Were infornied that their
services :would not be required until the firm of
Messrs. Trollope and Co. commenced work. Conse-
quently the building establishMents in the Royal
Arsenal Dockyard; Marino Infirmary, 8:-.c.inre at a
stafidstill, and upwards of ;3,000 men are for a time
Miempleyed. •
The Northumberland Artillery Militia were in=
spected at Tynemouth Castle last week by Colonel
Marryat. They were exercised in drill in the line
and in artillery practice, chiefly in tiring :shot at a
target placed in the sca at a distince of GOO yards.
The men gave the gieatest satisfactiOn to the in-
specting.ofEcer. The TYnemouth Volunteer Rifle
and Artillery Corps, which have been enrolled by
the Government, are now drilled twice a week by
the officers and " non-commissioned officers of the
militia,

The Bedford Militia will leave Aldershott camp
for quarters at Weymouth, Portland, and March-
wood this day.

THE RINE HOURS MOVEMENT.

On Saturday, at 3 o'clock, the operatives vf the
building trades engaged at most of the large esta-
blishments in and immediately around the metro-
polis ceased work, and began to-collect their tools
previous to quitting their employirent at 4 o'clock,
the masters having intimated to the men that they
should'close their establishments this day unless the
latter :would pledge their word to belong to no
trades union society, and the men, declining to give
this undertaking, considered their engagement to
be at4lui end, claiming for themselves- that they have
not struck against the masters, but that the masters
have struck against them by insisting upon a pledge
from every workman which has not hitherto been
required of him. This they think may have some
effect upon the interpretation to be given to what is
known as the." strikeelause" in contracts. The men
carried out their proceedings. es far as we have
been able to learn, in a cool, orderly, systematic,
and evidently pre-arranged • manner. There was
no exhibition of feeling evinced on either side, but
thesimultaneous packing up •of tools, and the few
expressions which dropped from the men, plainly
enough indicaied their intention to hold out, and
not to return. to their labour this morning.
It should be observed that, although this was the
case at most of the large establishments, matters do
not appear to have been pushed to this extremity
at all of them. In the ordinary course of things,.
when master and man are working harmoniously
together, and when-the works are•expected to pro-
ceed as usual upon a Mondafmorning, it is cus-
tomary
on, paying wages on a Saturday afternoon
for the pay clerk to retain in hitsposssion what is
called the " back day's day." This is, in fact, one
day's -pay, which is kept in hand as a 4uarantee
that the men shall not break faith and leave their
employers suddenly, but that they shall return to
their labour on the following Monday.. It is pre-
sumed, therefore, that at those establishments where
on Saturday last the back day's pay was retained
work will be resumed to-day as usual. Nothing
will be said on either side about the "document"
or the "'declaration," and the men" ct'ilT go on for
the present working their ten hours as before, the
only strike, as they allege,, on their part for the nine
hours at this time being at Messrs. Trollope's Works.
This is strictly correct ; • but the strike at Messrs.
Trollope's is admitted to be only auxiliary to a ge-
neral movement for the nine hours in other direc-
tions. Those masters, on the other hand, who on
Saturday paid up the arrears of "back day's pay,"
and who have posted about their establishments
the notice agreed to by the Central Association,
may be supposed to be resolute in their determina-
tion to close their doors until Messrs. Trollope's
firm resume work, and then not to open them save
to msn who will pledge their word that they are
not members of any objectionable society.
Among the firms who retained the "back day's
pay" on Saturday, and who may be said to continue
open, the following 43 were reported to the Confe-
rence of the Trades at the Paviors' Arms up to 12
o'clock on Saturday night :—Simpson, Hooper,
ton, Elliott and Watney, Avery, Seth Smith, Orm-
son, Phillips, Cox, Westminster-bridge,. Banton,
Davis, Colins and Green, Cutler, Clinton, Booth,
Hall, Piper (Stangate), Dawson, -tVillmott Dowl,
Ayres, Bland and Glinton, Griggs, Murray and Son,
Burton, Farmer, Field, Roper, Edwards, Bailey,
Fish, Macey, Thomas, Clark, Spurgeon, Hill, Fin-
lay, Walker and Naves, Carter, Ellis, Walker
(Strand), and Slaughter.
Among those where the resolution to close is
maintained, and where the "declaration" is insisted
on, are the large and well-known establishments of
G. Myers, T. Piper and Son, G. Smith (Gillingham-
street), G. Sthith (Warwick-street), Freeman, R.
Ashby and Sons, J. and C. Rigby, T. Cubitt, W.
Cubitt and Co., H. Faulkener, J. Jay, Jackson and
Shaw, Nixon, Browne and Robinson, W. Moxon,
Watts and Sons, Bowley Brothers, W. Hill, Lucas
Brothers, S. S. Williams, J. Wilson, M. Patrick
and Son, W. Jackson, McKelly, Wardle and Baker,
Laurence and Sons, G. W. Heath, Gale, Poole,
Rider, M'Lennan and Bird, Peto and,Betts, W.
Downs; Waller and. Son, W. Norris, J.. Jacob, J.
Drew, White, 'r. Mills and Son, and E. B. Gammon.
At Messrs. Piper and Son's the men were re-
quested to leave their tools and to meet Mr. T.
Piper at noon to-day. To this they assented. Mr.
Myers, on Saturday, sent to his men and intimated
to them that if they had anything to communicate
to him he would meet them at four o'clock, or that
if they would appoint a deputation he would meet
them at hiS office. To this the men replied that
they had nothing to communicate. Mr. Myers had
intimated his intention of closing his works on
Monday, and that they, took to be a notice to leave,
'on which they were going to act. At some other
establishments it was predicted that a speedy re-
opening would take place, and the men were ad-
' vised to leave their tools. Acting upon previous
concert, however, they one and all refused to doss',
and took leave of their employers, many in sorrow-
ful mood, no doubt, but still determined to hold out
to the last, and to stand by the Nine Hours Move-
ment.
The master-builders have incurred censure from
iangt
oo good many
associationq uait quarters s
resist
shtag' ge
fb
combinationn edtliemos themselves
tmheel, Ityleies
lay themselves as boep7einivi oeirnyt endm
eohu in thatthis
respectreally
to th. e charge,,lf
the thatmen ls
are
tivess
the
‘
said) neither shall the mastees. Let labour be free,
and let trade arrangements be made between
individuals without reference to o.ttetrbe men urge,s." 'I he mas-
ters' defence is precisely that wine
viz., that if they do not combine they will be taken
in detail, and thus defeated, and possibly ruined.
Those-who are acquainted with the building trade,
however, must be aware that it is a singularly dis-
united body, and that nothing but extreme pres-
sure would every produce combination or commu-
nity of action among. the master builders. This
arises from the intenseamount of competition which
is peculiar to trades where works are undertaken
by contract. The competition is of a double nature.
In the first place, there is that "general" competi-
tion which in a large community is common to
every trade, and then there is the " particular"
competition which attaches to every individual
transaction arising out of a system of tendering for
the construction of works. 'When a work of any
magnitude is to be executed, specifications and
plans are issued and tenders are invited; then, the
respectability of the competitors being ascertained
and guaranteed by sureties, the work is usually let
to the contractor who has sent in the lowest ten-
der. 'From this it is argued that the circumstances
must have been very urgent which could have
brought.the leading . firms of the metropolis toge-
ther, and induced them to enrol themselves in a
central association within so short a time, for until
the meeting of August 1 no such organisation was
in contemplation. There has, indeed, been in exist-
ence for a quarter of a century a kind of club called
the Builders' Society, the object of which, as set.
forth in the Ist by-law, is " to promote friendly in-

" No.

The pressure which has inducedthe master builders
' on the present occasion to -florin themselves ineo a
central association iS, first, the demand for a reduc-
tipn in the hours of labour from 10•. to 9 without
any diminution of wages; second, the apprehension
that these demands will 'increase as the intro-
duction of machinery gains ground ; thirdly, that
concession in this respect has reached its limits ;
and, fourthly, that it is.necessary, once and for all,
to make a determined' stand aoainst the dictation
of the trades- unions. The trade regulations, in-
sisted upon by these unions are regarded by the
masters as very :vexatious, as impeding the progress
eiAni ei n
.ilJe cost of buildingond as-ip_A3o.siug
an inn-n(1440 the bu ilderAnd a:Trioapee-
live one upon the public. Sonic. of these, 4,related
to us, may be enunlerated. For itistance,-if a fore-
man is not arnienist, it is said that the men will
strike against him, and' instances are recorded in
which aggressions, have been attempted 'upon non-
society foremen, Ikhich„ it is to be hoped, if they
ever occurred, will never be repeated. Then the
foreman, once enrolleq, is bound to employ none
but society men on his work. AgainOliey direct
that a bricklayer shall never put typfitrowel out of
his right'hand, the object being t,oimAtf timount
.of work that he shall do in a giv It. is
said, for example,that 1,000 bricks a dayrean very
well be laid by an average *iirknian ; but'the prac-
tice is not to lay above 400. or. 500 in a' day, the
bricklayer, by keeping the trowel in his right hand,
not being able to lay above one brick at a time in
theinterior of thick walls, when with. both hands
at disposal he could lay two at once. An instance
is on record of 1,000 bricks being well and perma-
nently laid-in an hour by a single workman. This
was done for a wager nearly 50 years ago in the
front of the old City of London Tavern, now the
site of the -Wesleyan Centenary-hall, andis.a_well-
authenticated fact. Again, the labwrere bare re-
cently adopted some arbitrary regulaTons,and they
have determined that the number of bricks to be
placed in a hod shell not exceed 1-2 ; whereas a hod'
very well holds 10, and takton's Price-book autho-
ritatively and . curtly states, " A hod. contains 20
bricks." Overtime-also is' objected to,' by which,
as 18 argued, a man loses the.benefit hiS industry
• ---and pieceoorl, is. not permitted, by-which:he is
deprived of the benefit of his skill.
These regulations the men say they have beetfdriven
to by the one necessity of upholding their order and
distributing work among their whole body. Na-
chinery, they contend, displaces manual labour';
.the
operative class is an increasing, not a diminishing
• one ; their societies_ do not generally provide for the
relief of men out of work, and therefore they hold
it to be their duty so to arrange if possible that all
may be employed, which would not, they thinks be
the case if overtime, pieeework,.andother practices,
which no doubt would greatly advantage. both the
master and the individual man, were-allowed. They
admit the truth of much'that is urged in favour of
overtime -and piecework ; but- they hold the other
consideration to be paramount, and many skilfui
and industriously disposed artisans no- doubt make
no mean personal sacrifices in obedience to it.
Another element which in their view is entitled to
Weight in discussing the question of the hOUrs of
labour is the length of time often consumed in going
to and from, their work.. They put the. ease .thus::—
Suppo'se that a firm whose workshops and establish-
ments are in Bloomsbury accepts a contract to erect
large works at Brompton. The workmen reside in
_the vicinity of the employers' permanent establish-
ment at Bloomsbury, and an hour and a half will be
occupied in walking to the scene of their labour.
The same time, of course, is consumed in returning
from it, so that three hours is thus added to their
daily work. It may be said that this can be avoided
by taking lodgings near the works ; but obviously
this, to a man with a family, involves expense and
inconvenience, and he cannot be continually moving
to the neighbourhood of every new contract which
his'erroloyer accepts and sends him to Work upon.
The men persist in their assertion that the em-
ployers will not be able to get operatives from the
provinces to supply the places of
.those who have
been " locked out." The operatives have received
letters from SO provincial towns, including Man-
chester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Bristol, Bath,
Coventry, Oxford, NeWcastle, Birkenhead, and
Dumfries, expressing the determination of the
trades to support the present movement. Sub-
scriptions have also begun to come in from the
country, and very considerable -sums have been
contributed by the hands of almost every building
firm in London. As these contributions flow in the
spirits of the men appear to revive proportionately.
Subjoined is a copy of the check or file engage-
ment-book. The-counterfoil is in this form:—
" No.—.

"Name -

" Dated, ------.
" Initials of foreman or clerk,
The body of the cheek is in these terms :

".1 declared that I am not now, nor will I during the
continuance of my engagement with you, Fecomo a member
of or support any society which directly or indirectly inter-
feres with the arrangements of this or any other establish-
ment, or the hours or terms of labour, and that I recognise
the right of employers and employed individually to make
any trade engagements on which they may choose to agree.
" Dated of 18—."

This is to be read over to the workmen who will
pledge his word to abide by it, and the body of the
check is then handed to him, the counterfoil being
kept by the foreman or clerk. The masters are not
particularly wedded to this precise form, and if any
arrangement more acceptable to the workmen can
be suggested they will consent to it; but it must
be based upon the condition that the men du not
belong to any such society as is above referred to.
The men are ready for the present to work as before,
provided that the " document" and the " declara-
tion" be witbdraWn ; but it must not be concealed
that their ulterior object is the nine hours as that
of the masters is the extinction of all societies
which impose objectionable trade regulations.

THE JOURNEYMEN BAKERS' MOVEMENT.--011
Saturday evening an extraordinary meeting of the dele-
gates of
,the various branches of the Association of
Journeymen Bakers was hold in the Pianoforte Makers'
Hall, Castle-street East, Oxford-street. Mr. Blaekraere
was called to the chair, and the names of the delegates
having been called over, the rules for the government of
the constitution of the associations, as agreed to at the
meeting of the delegates held on the 30th of July, at the
Royal Tent, Silver-street, were read and confirmed. Mr.
Blackniore was elected their future president, and the per-
manent office bearers of the centrar committee or board of
management were also appointed, and other business was
transacted in reference to the successful carrying out of
the principles of the association. A vote of thanks to the
chairman terminated the proceedings.
THE TAME BRIDGE MURDER.—William Worsey,
who was convicted at the last Stafford assizes of the murder
of his wife, has been reprieved during her Majesty's plea sure.
There is reason to believe that this unhappy man had no in-
tention of killing his wife ; and that, although in the
course of a quarrel with her he snatched up a knife from
their breakfast table and threw it at her with fatal effect,
there was an entire absence of premeditation. The jury.
who made a strong application to the Crown in his lnientalisi.,_
stated that they should have found him guilty ,ot ,
ruledslau ghttheart butthe for
offencethe directionlvam u
murder
ther in ltehaernte,yle
ojfflatgehe,
Iw.s rw.to,
prctAaDbvl
d d -
difficulties a n a Jpri; of
and that it was their duty so to find it. His sentence •will
Tile
r wet nurses have be an entirely
bringing up infants by hand 0
YE
Rb eT
I commutedl
IM .
all the
—to transportation for life.
strengthens, and removes 'Little pains
which feeds, are so subject to. T# le following
and irregularities infants
overcome by Du Barry's delicious Rev alen.ta Ar.ahica Food,
~ Grammar Schee) Stevenage,
Geesn't—leftten.--I think it but common
16th Dec., 1850.
that I have used Du .
to you to stateßeva-
Barry' s d • hi
justice
letter speaks
last four months, during w
volumes:—"
'' Ili time our in-
fantlenta for the .
un which it had
much during the previous six iv, Jr
tths, whilst being
suffered
t
though every care was taken ....
P revent it. Had I
nursed,
known of your
valuable food syjo.,„er, • would have
it wO
has never had disordered bowels, fr ,
saved my infant much pain, an.a
me;
also the heavy
expense of a wet nurse.—l am,. &C, ,
Pm )BERT AMBLER.
fn tins, at ls. Gd. ; 11b., 3s. ; 210., ss. 9d. ; filb., 125.; 121 b.,
265. The I.olb. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
offin order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regan t-street, London'
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Pi,Jeat lillv ; Alibia, 60t
Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside; 63, '
ana 159, Oxford-
street; 330 and VA, Strand ; 49 and Arsoili*gate-
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also,- at, Dublin,
Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburg\
) laimes and Co.;
at Liverpool, Nixon and Thaw; at Mane heater, Sharp and
Scott; at York, Ra;rn Blanchard, all •1 Ca at South-
'
ampton, Randall awl son. ••

-10P1

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Under the afanagement of Mr. Charles Kean. -
THIS EVENING, THE CORSICAN BROTHERS.
Fabien and Louis dei Franchi. By Mr. C. Kean.
To conclude with A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
Commence at 7.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
I ,THIS EVENING, A NABOB FOR AN HOUR.
THE CONTESTED ELECTION.
After which, OUT OF SIGHT OUT OF MIND.
To conclude with HALLOWE'EN.

Commence at 7.

ISTEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
THE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST.

Followed by the new burlesque, THE BABES IN THE
WOOD. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, C. J. Smith,
Eburne ; Miss Woolgar,and Miss K. Kelly.

Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.
Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box
Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No fees to
servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough
THIS EVENING, CAPTAIN CHARLOTTE. Miss M.
Wilton.
After which, A SCHOOL FOR COQUETTES. Misses
Bwanborongh, Oliver, and Lavine.
Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE
LADY OF LYONS. _