The Sun.
London, England, 1803-01-05 00:00:00

TO VIE IVBLIC,'

, .
‘` Awli a:!eiam t.srtini.',:__rilear; the other 1.44
'l'H a above legal never 'will be departed
um by liberal minds ; under that convidion I ad_
ess the Public, callimori it to-subpend its opinion
I c;ise, till th; fetirly beir.re it.
The excessive, misrepreSentatiop that has so Icing
r varied Pririti on .the 46jeCt of ,in}i'affairs
id condu4i, demando, with irresistible force,- that
break through that silence which tontempt for the
:ince' of umprovoked enemies had determineti me to

iserve.
Almost every hour presents some new outrage on
ft,elings. of my friends, through the VfliOUS
edivms made use of by private prejudice to abuse
public Mind.
To the Public I pledge myself, that a plain state-
ient'of fqds relative to the bankruptcy, and other
be presented with all possible cxpedi.
on,

Doter I shall not be able to give currealy, for
pqrt of my correspondence,, no sort of papers hive
een,hel4 siicrecl by my opponents: but I will state
ittSt ..o«'d
34 January,

JOHN HATYULD.

XTILACT OP A. I,II4TER PROM AN ENGLISH GEN-
TLEMAN,'WHO HAS RESIDED IN ?ARTS SINCE

Hits PEACE. DATLD mite. 17.
S have been anxious to know in' what man.
ter Mr. FOX, would account for his extraordinary
;Oahe during his visit to this Country, and were
lot surprised to learn from the' accounts in the
trench Papers (for those of England are not easily
,ot at) that he ~prudently abstained from saying
such upon the sitbjed.—se ritose.who still favour him
mongst. tuel:asette that during the time he staid in-
he wits. gno, more than twice in conversation
Kith. the FIKST CONSUL.. I am not prepared to
lecide upon that point, but am well assured he never
lined one day without being in company with some
if the French Ministers ; but he chiefly courted the
society of TALLILYKAIID. The motive to this
!ould not be that he might have a greater facility
if access to any historical documents or such sources
if information. The Minister of the Interior has
io Other library.,than any private Gentleman. All
hose documents and pieces which have reference to
listory, are deposited in the National Public Li.
irary,,to which any one may have recourse without
Ministerial influence. But enough of Mr. F'ox—
he name of a 1011 'man it, that which the English
tore usually apply to him, Indeed an English.
no may well blush at. such condua, when he con.
casts it with that of the dignified MOR env. This
:elebrated man has' never condescended once to
'resent himself at the Court of DONAPARTE, or
.ssociate with his Ministers, On the contrary,
vhile he studiously avoids mixing in all public affairs,
i is one pf the very few who will now presume
o speak of them without reserve, or any fear either
if- the Goveintrient or of its Myrmidons. As a
ova of this I need only mention that being lately
it a public breakfast, where some of the party were
'peaking, 61 the Tree 'of I.ibetty, 1146eamr ex.
,:leimeil—,,lL'Arbre di la. Liberte est Attri,Psti, et
it me'
,y "WO -tor France gme !Worse
,(La Coast)."
This 'pow upon the bark and the. Corsican, was
!aught up immediately, flew in an instant to the
Pa sit Royale, in less than an hour was 'whispered in
the Thailleries, and in the course of the day re.
iounded through all Paris.—But however galling
the Poe d'espro might have been to some in poWer,
NIOLIAU, who daily rises in public favour, seems
to be in no danger of being very soon molested by
leGovernment.

" Ida not believe there was the slightest ground
For the report that Mrs. Fox was ever introduced to
MadameUOTIAPARTE, nor could I observe that the
tanner Lady skewed the smallest disposition to make
herself conspicuous.
" 'As to Madame BONAPARTS) you may depend
limn it, that she is not so accessible as you might
I,ave heard represented : but that the Wife of the
FIRST CONSUL holds herself as high, and now ex.
lets as much etiquette as any of the other Imperial
Limes of Europe. In other respeds, I apprehend,
the has been much misrepresented, and much too
Freely spoken of. It has fallen in my way to have
heard of many traits of het kindness, humanity, and
generosity, but I never knew her accused of having
done any one an injury.

" If ambition were not a passion which absorbs
and deitilens every feeling or sentiment which would
stand in its way, I should never conceive what
charms there could he grandeur and power, to
compensate BONAPARIR for the evident anxieties
ander whiCh he exists. His life is a perpetual scene
of jealousy and distrust; he is evidently. haunted
5y the eternal terrors of assassination ; he has no
longer any intimate friends or confidants ; those by
whom he Mmi' Umlaut-AO, 'have successively disap..
leared. His brothers, brothers7in-law, his friend
14K-rime, his favourite LACNES, whom he was in
the habit of keeping in the same room with him, all
scattered at a distance from him', and from each other.
--His toiVi,deratr Si EY ES, his in:in/Meta FOUCH
with a long et, cetera, have only had their thii.—
Ile cannot put trust long in any one, and none are
sure of his favour for a moment. To Paris, the
people seldom know, whether the Fiery CONSUL
lee at St. Chid, Mahnaiion, .of the Mei/ter/el ;
noire of his Household are privy to the room' he
means to sleep in ; the hour of; his Setting off from
any
.of his residences, is alWayti a Mystery. In his
journey to Rauru, &e. it is well known, that he sat
out several hours before the time that,' was an.
bounced. Ile travels with a train of five or six
carriages, _but nobody can tell in which is the
FIR&I; CONSUL. His GOards are supposed to he,
as they justly should, very much attached to hint ;
but it is AO impenetrable secret, who zjiak he called
to 31te14011 his pert.on iur the day. It is supposed,
that he,is rued when he appears on, the tirade , but
every one cart see, that he is perpetually surrounded
by a concourse of his aerie:alt. Such is the coN.
folab.4 life of a man, 'who has had sogreat -an in.
finence on the destinies of the NW"
• .

AFFAIRS 0? Sill" ZERLIND.

Tut ilifon;reur of thel27th of December contains
a very long article, setting forth the ancient Con.
stitution of Switzerland, and pointing out its de.
?cal. "The ancient Constitution of Switzerland it
describes as follows :

Cantons are all perfectly independent of
eadt other, and had little union among themselves,
except that slight federal union which resulted from
their sending Deputies to the General Diet.
The Diet was regularly assembled each year,
at the end of June or the beginning of July; their
or4ntry place of meeting was at Frawenfeid, a
town of Turgovia, which belonged to the 'eight
original Cantons in common ; but the place of meet-
ing was changed according to circumstances,
,and
the time of meeting Was fixed, by the Canton of
Zurich, who possessed the functions of the Helvetic
Chancery.
Every one of the thirteen Cantons sent two De-
puties to the Diet, which made the number of De-
puties at the Helvetic Diet twenty-six.
Besides the regular Anneal Diets, Extraordinary
Diets used to he summoned on particular occa-
iiqns, but (as the object of their Meetings was prin.
cipally to settle the affairs of their Allies, which
were dependent upon the union of all the Swiss
Cantons, to take an account of the expences of the
Government, and to settle disputes which tnipt
arise among the Cantons) the Diet wanted potters
to treat in the name of the Swiss nation with
Foreign Power, and for a long time France was al.
most the only power that attempted to form intl.
1- mate alliances with them; but she always found
considerable obstacles in the Constitution of Swit.
zerland, in which such a number of Cantons, badly
organized, were independent of each, other, and of
Swiss union.

In Zurich, which was a Protestant Canton, the
sovereignty resided in a Council of 212, chosen out
of the twelve tribes of Bourgeoisie of the Town, and
,of the one tribe of Nobles, but the inhahitants .of
the Country were not eligible, they were therefore
tr;bjeas to the people of the Town.
In Berne, which was also a Protestant Canton,
im,t4 Governinent was in the hands of the Grand
Council of 200, and the Senate of 27. Although
they filled up their own vacancies, yet no person
was eligible to sit in the Council who was not a
Member of the Bourgeoisie of the town. Therefore
in this Canton also the People of the Country were
Subjeels to the Bourgeoisie of the town, who were.the.
Sovereigns.
The Cantons of Lucerne, Soleure, Basle, and
Schaffhausen, were also governed by the People of
those towns.

In Friburgh, the Government was the property
of 71 privileged families ; there was a Council
eleaed by the Remrzeoilie of the town, who had the
privilege of naming to the vacant offices, but their
choice was confined to the 71 privileged families.
The little Cantons of Uri, Schwitz, Underwald,
and Glaris, were somewhat more democratic in their
Constitntions.

To this statement of .the former Constitutioh of
S'.vitzerland, the following refleitions artiadded
A Republic, the seat of which 'is a Maritime
Town, may exercise sovereignty over the country,.
because Commerce is flufficient to supply the wants
`of that town, and to give the inhabitants wealth
enough to keep the people of the country in a state
of dependence.
" Again, when all the property of the lands be.
longs to Lords, and the labourers are Stp:ft, the
town in which those Nobles reside,' may exercise
a sovereignty over the country, and by degrees, the
rich Citizens of that town may introduce themselves
into the Government; but when the ashivatart of
the ground are become proprietors, it, is impossible
to refuse them liberty; and when the pettiest trades.
man living in the town has a share of the love.
reignty, it is ridiculous to exclude from it the inha.
bitants of the country.

The most foolish of all aristocracies which
exist, is no doubt 'village aristocracy; it is making
distinctions among non-entities. Who will pretend
to say now, that. corporations. of Bakers and Pas.
try Cooksliving in Towns should be Sovereigns over
Millers and Labourers who live in the Country ?
On the other hand, the more logical argument
would be, that the Millers and Labourers in the
Country shouldi rather consider the Bakers and the
Pastry-cooks of the towns as their subieas, inas-
much as they are often dependent on them, The
slightest glance at: the History of Switzerland, will
be sufficient to prove that the sovereignty of the
towns over the Country. was founded on motives
which no loner exist ; this sovereignty has laited
longer than tTe reasons which gave it-birtN-.:.sheets
custom. But . when institutions, which have no
other foundation left than rumim, ore once destroy-
ed, they arc destroyed for ever. A sovereignty ex-
ercised by. Corporations of Bakers is a profanation
of the Majesty of Nations and of Sovereigns, 'and
Such personages should feel it very agreeable to rank
themselves ategaals with. those whom they fOrMerly
considered their subjeas, for, politically speaking,
theyare all so far on a level, that they are all of
them obliged to labour for their subsistence. • •
" In all times, and in all nations, the men Who
are particularly called to the exercise of sovereignty,
are those who, being by fortune independent, have
leisure to .devote themselves entirely to the service
of their Country ; In such a case, dittinftion is
conferred for the. public advantage but to-Sepa.
race into the distintt classes rsitjear and sp,verOirtr,
bourgeois and cultivators of the ground, pastry-cooks.
and millers, shoe-makers, and Sellers of oxen, (nano-
f3aurers' of woollen-cloth, and the proprietors of the
flocks which supply them with wool, is a thing im.‘
posSible, and which has only existed when iostitu.;
tions have departed from the reasons for which they
Were established. We may then venture to pre,
(ha, that from theneeforward there will be no
more distinetions in that country, or at least that
they will be much bitter. contrived."

; ,11k Is:ME ft, R :1; n7olitA .

COURT OF‘KING's D;c.
sztoitz LORD LLLZHROROUOIi.

SOLGREBN V. BOLTON.
' Mr. PARKE said, this was an Adion on a Policy of
Insurance on a Swedish ship, bound 'from a port of
Sweden to Alicant. The insurance had been effeeted
as long ago as the year 1797, at a premium of three
guineas per cent. The policy had been underwritten
in consequence of a letter to a Mr. Branscombe;
'from the Swedish owners, desiring him to get the
Insurance effeded ; that letter he had communicated'
to the Defendant, who with full knowledge of. its
contents, had signed the Policy. The Ship,was lost
in the course of the voyage insured, and he could
not conceive what defence would he resorted Ito.
The present Adion had been delayed only in conse-
quence of the death of the Captain, and the difficulty
of finding any of the crew to prove the loss ; the
Plaintiffs had at. length been able to procure the
testimony of the Boatswain, and the moment the
Jury had heard it, they 'must find a verdid for the
Plaintiff.

Mr. Branscornbe proved the signature of the De.
fendant to the Policy, On his cross-examination,
he, admitted he had not told the Defendant that he
had declared he would not insure the Ship at ten
guineas per cent, nor had he described her as a
misssing, Ship; he had merely laid .before' him the
letter of his Principal, stating the'day she had sailed,
and that she had not returned.

The Boatswain described the voyage of the ship
in question ; the set :sail with alair Mod," and had
favourable weather for some days, butencountering.
a severe storm, she was wrecked 'on the Cast .of
Barbary, driven ashore, and burnt by the •inhospi-
table Barbarians. The crew with difficulty escaped
to their own Country.
Mr. ERSKINE observed, that
.if a statute.of lu.
nacy had been taken out against his client, better
evidence in support of it eoUld nit be wished than
that he had signed the Policy in question ; however,
,if he had not been taken by -surprize, but had had
-.all the fatis communicated to him, he must suffer for
his folly.
• Lord ELLEmaoaotrott said, it was a very fair
Cause; thi; Agent who had received instruEtiont to
:insure the Ship, had imparted all, he knew to the
Underwriter, who had his .chaice, whether, under
all the circumstances, lie Would .subscribe the Policy
or not. He had received the picmium„ The Ship
had been lost; and' therefore he. was ,bnund to pay
the Insurance.—Verdid for the Plaintiff 1991.

LIAM' V. DARLINGTON.
This was' an` Aftion` In' recover the value. 'of a
horse. The parties were both respectable Mer- •
chants. The Plaintiff wiihingth-purchase a horse
to run in his curricle, bargained' with the Defendant
for one belonging' to him, 'upon the express war-
rant that it would ggb well in harness ; but upon
trying the animal, .it proved urtcontaionly vicious
and untraetable, reared up, kicked, and ,at. length:
lay down. The defence Was, that the • horse had
not been sold as a saddle horse. The evidence:of
Mr. Jones, the Riding-Master, proved the casts of
the Plaintiff ; who had a Verdia TO 701.; •
• -
• * •

RODDIS ,LEES.
Tith was an Action to recover a considerable turn
of money on a Mortgage Bond. Never was a more
shameful Aftit:.: brought into a Court.. It appeared.
that the Plaintiffhad been paid the mortgage money ;
but the bond had by some means been negletted to
be delivered up. Speculating upon. the probability
of the death of the Witnesses to the trannaCtion, the.
Plaintiff had instituted this suit for the recovery of
principal and interest. Fortunately the son of the'
Attorney who had managed the business many years
ago, was found residing on the Continent. He re-
membered the whale affair, and proved that the
.I),:fendant had made a subsequent mortgage of her
property, with the proceeds of which she had satis-
fied the Plaintiff every 'shilling of his demand.
Lout ELLiNaoßouott said, the verditt of the
Jury could not do stria justice ; but he hoped the
;day would come when the 'Plaintiff, who had so in-
,fatnouilycondufted himself, would have his conduit
scrutinized before a different Tribunal.--Verdict
for the Defendant.

The interests of Literature derived considerable
aid during the progress of last year, which, indeed,
on that account, is particularly entitled to the
grateful retrospalion of the Scholar, .the friend
of Scieocei the Moralist and the Theologian. The
truths of Religion have been asserted and illus.
trated by the Works of SIMPSON, LINDSEY, Nis.
BET; IVIALTDY, and 'PALEY—its precepts hiie
been enforced by the Discourses of ScoTT, PLUMP.
TRE, WRANCIHAM,, GISBORNE, and the Bishop of
Lortdortvg The- lodates, indeed, of this estolOary
Prelate ought to be mentioned ;with particolar re.
sped, as .they were able, for four successive Lents,
to .arrest the attention of, the higher class of. the
Community, and, 'during one happy interval at
least, to set Fashion on the side of Truth and the
Gospel. Philosophy has been cultivated, though
without any abundaot or rich return, in all its
provinces. in;:the Mathematics, we have a geome.
trical Treatis • on Conic Sedions, by. the Savilian
Professor at. Oxford, Mr. ROBERTSON : in Meta.
physics, Governor PowttALL's Intelleetual Physics,
on .the Nature of Being, and the Progression of
Existence.: in Natural Philosophy and History,
PLAYFAIIes Illustration Of the Huttonian
System of the Earth.: a general System of Nature,
by Dr. TUBTON; a third volume of Dr. SHAW'S
copious and accurate Zoological Work, and two
Botanical Treatises on the curious Vegetation of
the Ocean, as it.is discoverable on our. Coasts, by
Mews. STAcznousc and Dr. TURNkR, under the
titles of the' Nerecs Britannica, and the British
Fuci.
.TheScienCe of Anatomy has been elucidated
in several of its, parts by the, pens of BELL anii
CAIt.PI,IE ; and the present state of Chemistry has
been fully shetsn by that of Dr. Tnintsolv, 'the
Chemical Leaurer iii Edinburgh.. 'Medicine also
his obtained some attention from its numerdus and
abie rrolessors ; and its usefulness ha's been ad.

ANTS a SITUATION, as UNDER CLE,
in a Merchant's AceorOyibg.hotese, OVai- :Clerk ut
au Attorney 'a or any, other Officpw a Young Mani who—
write a goat! and expeditious hand, anal has no -objealoilt.°
carry out mtail afid•to render himself useful tO
Employer. Ke4pc,:table references as to charn4ter• Srf* sari
be given. A lisle titUe*seti t 9 W. U. at Mr. sharp's, No. iv,
Duke. street, wiU be immediately attended to.