The Sun.
London, England, 1835-12-01 00:00:00

?(4!11),j UU +

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER I, 1835.

The anniversary of the Polish revolution of 1830,
was celebrated last night by a public meeting at the
Crown and Anchor Tavern. A gentleman named
BALES, who addressed the company on this occasion,
observed, " the treaty of Vienna guaranteed Belgium
to Holland. Belgium spurned the degradation, and
we.acknowledged her right to freedom. Armies marched
and fleets sailed, to assist Belgium. If it were right
to assist Belgium, it was a grievous wrong
to desert Poland. That treaty guaranteed the inde-
pendence of Poland—that she should have a free
Constitution and Representative Government. After
that' treaty, Poland was oppressed and tortured."
This is well put, for never was there a more fla-
grant act—more irreconcileable with Divine and
human laws—than the violation of the treaty of
Vienna by the Emperor NICHOLAS. It is a reflection
on all the Cabinets of Europe to have even connived
at it. Where was France—where was England--
when the solemn faith of treaties was thus openly
laughed at and broken by the northern NERO ? They
contented themselves with a mere subdued whisper of re-
monstrance—so subdued, that we much question whether
it ever reached the ears of NICHOLAS—when they should
have spoken out in a voice of thunder. However, it is
useless to recur to the past ; our only object now is with
the future ; and most earnestly do we hope, that a day
will arrive, when Poland shall resume her rank among
nations. She contains within herself all the mate-
rials of a powerful kingdom, and once regenerated,
might again become what she once was, the bulwark
of Christendom. We need entertain no apprehensions
of Russian aggression, when the throne of SOBIESKI
is restored. But this desirable consummation can
only be brought about by the active 'combined influ-
ence of France and England. No other European
Cabinet has the power to effect it ; for both Austria
and Russia—powerful as they are to all appearance_
stand too much in awe of the CZAR ; have too many
complicated interests at stake, to be able to take any
decided steps, or even express a wish, on the subject.

The whole of the Paris papers of Sunday have been
received. They bring no intelligence of any importance,
with the exception of a rumour prevalent in Frankfort
of a revolution in Greece. We do not credit a syllable
of this. The probability of a war between Fiance and
the United States still engages public attention in
Paris. If we may believe the rumours which have
been for some time in circulation in the political
world," says the Journal des Debuts of Sunday, in an
article on that subject, " and to which the uncertainty
of our relations with the United States has alone
drawin attention, Ituss:a and the United States of

America have concluded—we know not at what time,
nor for what object—a treaty of alliance. For our part,
although disposed to mistrust the ulterior intentions of
these two Powers, who alone in the world seem to
menace the general harmony existing between Govern-
ments, we cannot entertain these rumours without the
greatest, reserve. Independently of the difference of
principles which separates the Cabinets of Washington
and St. Petersburg, we know that the former makes it a
fundamental rule of its conduct to interfere as little as
possible in the affairs of Europe. Its interests lie else-
where ; and before believing that it has bound itself
up for any object with the policy of Russia, we must
have demonstration the most positive, of the advan-
tages likely to accrue from such a step. General
JACKSON is no doubt very popular in the bosom of
the American Republic ; but his popularity depends
upon conditions which would make him hesitate for a
long time before he would make, his country follow the
path of a Cabinet, which liberal and civilized Europe
looks upon as one of her most dangerous enemies.

" This is not all. In an alliance between the
United States and Russia, there would be an incon-
venience which certainly would not escape the no-
tice of the Cabinet of Washington ; that of
drawing England into the quarrel of the Republic
with France. It is easy to conceive that Russia
should endeavour to strengthen herself by the aid
- of a powerful navy ; but the United States would not
find their account in such an alliance, and the advan-
tages promised them would always appear too feeble
to counterbalance the danger to which they would be
exposed by the hostility of England.
" We have always had the most entire confidence in
the wisdoni of the Congress and the American people;
we have no particular reasons to believe a war immi-
nent, and we think that the difficulties, probably unex-
pected, which last year stayed General JACKSON, will
still make him bear in mind the true interests of the
American Confederation. We see, however, with
pleasure, that the Government of the KING, strong
in its right, and in the excellent position in which
it has been placed by the vote of the Chambers,
is preparing to sustain, by energetic measures, the
honour of France. We have 41ready announced the
nomination of M. de Mackau to' the command of the
division of the Antillas, which perhaps would not be
entirely secure from an attack, were the American navy
to concentrate all its forces in that position. A fleet
of fifteen vessels of the line, with a corresponding num-
ber of frigates, are preparing, if we are well informed,
in the ports of the ocean and the Mediterranean. The
Ministry which has commanded it will easily justify
itself before the Chambers, who will never hesitate
to sanction the expenses incurred for such an end.
This armament is not too considerable. Vic-
tory must not be long disputed ; and in putting
our maritime force on a respectable footing, the war,
if there is one, will be short. This is exacted by in-
terests, to_ the advancement of which France has shown
that she could make great sacrifices. Such are the
measures by the aid of which we can await without
fear the resolutions which the PRESIDENT of the United
States may think fit to adopt. We repeat, however,
not only as a wish of humanity, but as a hope founded
on the, sincerest esteem for the American people, that
we think these preparations, which have been rendered
necessary by circumstances, will not stand in the way
of that peaceable solution; which is no less the interest
-of America than it is of France."
Paris, Nov. 29.—Again there is no news from the frontiers
of Spain in the Itioniteur of this morning.
We have received the numbers of the official Carlist Ga-
zette to the 200. They contain nothing important. The
greater portion of their columns is devoted to criticising the
decrees on the reform of the Clergy. Don Carlos was on
the 16th at Tolosa. on the 18th at Bergara, and on the 20th at
Onate, with the Infant Don Sebastian and his little Court.
Memorial Bordelais.
A letter from Madrid of the 19th November to the same
Journal, says—" The accounts which are received from the
provinces respecting the levy of 100,000 men are not satis-
factory. And how should it be otherwise, when we know that
in 1833 'Lea Bermudez found himself greatly embarrassed to
effect the disarming of the Royal Volunteers, which had been
organized in 1824, and the total number of which was
280,000 men, including the greater part of the youth of the
kingdom, and all devoted to the Carlist party."
We have now the following vessels armed and in commis-
sion :—ln the Mediterranean, 1 ship of the line of 120 guns,
1 of 90, 10 of 80, 5 of 74 guns, 1 frigate of 60 guns, 1 of 50,
5 of 44 guns, I corvette of 28, and 4 of 18 guns, 10 brigs of
20, and 8 of 10 guns, 5 schooners of 6 guns, I cutter, 1 gun-
boat, 14 transports, and 11 steam-boats—in all 69. In the
Ocean : 2 ships of the line (3d rates), 7 frigates, 6 corvettes,
6 brig, 5 light vessels, 12 transports, and 12 steam boats-50.
Total 119. Other vessels arc ordered to be got ready, and
will be so, for instance, at Cherbourg the Genereux, and at
Brest the Jena and Senti Petrie, of 90 guns.--Messager;
Nov. 29.

Halifax papers to the 10th November, Miramichi
to the 4th November, and Prince Edward's Island
papers to the 21st October, have been received at the
North and South American Coffee-house.

The Halifax papers announce the resignation of the
Master of the Rolls. The fishery was unproductive,
but sanguine hopes of better times were entertained.

Prince Edward's Island Papers state that by a pro-
clamation the Government Assembly was again pro-
rogued until the 12th day of November._ The weather
has been every thing the husbandman could wish.
The Bermuda Royal Gazette of the 27th October
gives extracts from the Port of Spain Gazette (Trini-
dad) of the 9th and 13th of October, describing the
arrival of crowds of fugitives from the coast of Vene-
zuela, including natives, and also British subjects. It
appears that a desperate conflict was going on at a
place called Yaguarapara, within the Gulph of Pavia.
An insurgent General, called Ybarra; was attempting
to force a passage through a dangerous defile, in which
he was opposed by the forces of General GomEz in
front, and in the rear by General PAEZ. GOMEZ
had refused the insurgents leave to embark for Trini-
dad ; so, in fact, they were fighting for their lives.

If no other benefit results from the pseudo agitation
set on foot by the landowners, it serves at least to de-
velope their real intentions and views. It was pre-
tended at first that great obscurity rested,upon the
causes of what is termed agricultural distress, and that
no sagacity less profound, no wisdom less absolute,
than that of the national senate could possibly pene-
trate the mystery, or devise the proper remedy to be
applied to the evil. An occasional hint about PEEL's
Bill was thrown out, and an allusion made to the ef-
fect of an increased circulation in raising the price of
agricultural produce ; but it seemed to be considered
the best policy to steer clear of any decisive opinions,
either on the cause of the evil, or its remedy, in the
present stage of the business ; and to bend the whole
energy of the landed interest to the one point of pro-
curing a Committee of Inquiry in the approaching
Session of Parliament. This great point having been
once gained, the way would be paved for the attain-
ment of the still greater object—the summum bon=
of English landowners—a depreciation of the currency.
This is really and truly the relief which they have all
along been anxious to obtain, and it is a happy circum-
stance that we are now no longer left in any doubt on
a subject of such importance to the well-being of
the empire.
The proceedings at the late meeting of the
Royal Bucks Agricultural Association, held for the
purpose of receiving the Report of the Deputies ap-
pointed to meet those of other Agricultural Associa-
tions, deserve the serious attention of the public. It
appears that one of the resolutions passed by the De-
puties, broadly and openly stated that nothing but an
alteration of the currency Could save the/in-niers from
ruin. This resolution of the Deputies was adopted,
almost as a matter of course, by the Royal Bucks As-

sociation. A gentleman, of the name of PARKER,
made some very strong objections to it, but his opposi-
tion was overpowered. It now, therefore, appears
that nothing short of a depreciation of the currency
will content the landowners. We are heartily glad
that all doubts on this point are cleared away, because
it settles the question of Parliamentary enquiry at once.
No good could have arisen from such an enquiry. All
that Parliament can do has been done already. It
has taken off all the direct taxes that bear on agricul-
ture, and it has prohibited the importation of foreign
wheat. What more can the landlords desire ? Is not
this enough to satisfy their cupidity ; or will they be
contented with nothing short of the ruin of every other
class of the community ?
It cannot be denied that the depreciation of the cur-
rency would a temporary relief to the proprietors of
land. They are almost all heavily burdened with
debt, and the burden would be lightened in proportion
to the extent of that depreciation. If they can contrive
to double the circulation, the mortgager who agreed
to pay one hundred shillings per annum for every
hundred pounds he borrowed, will get off with one
hundred sixpences ; and the same thing will happe n
in all cases where money borrowed before the de-
preciation is paid back after it. In like manner
every man whose income consists of a fixed sum will
be docked of half his resources. He will receive
nominally his usual amount of pounds, shillings, and
pence, but reduced to one-half their present value.
Such being the effect of the alteration of the cur-
rency proposed by the landed gentry, we do not
wonder that they should be anxious to accomplish
it, although we think it rather inconsistent in them
to denounce the robbery occasioned by PEEL'S Bill,
in the very same breath which they are advocating
a measure that would be equally liable to the charge
of robbery, and would produce an equal, if not a
greater extent of distress. If the change of the
currency affected the same parties---were the debtors
and creditors now the debtors and creditors of 1819—
there might be no injustice in restoring the currency to
the state in which it was at that period; but in how
many -instances is this the case ? Not in one of a
thousand perhaps. How then can the landlords re-
concile such a proceeding with any notion of rectitude ?
The morality of the transaction is, exactly, that of the
man who has received a bad sixpence, and scruples
not to pass it to his neighbour. Provided he can shift
the loss from himself by any means-, he cares not on
whom it falls.

As to the farmers deriving any benefit from a de-
preciation of the currency, there never was a greater
delusion than this. They are told that the price of
agricultural produce would rise, and so it would ; but
so also would the price of other things. The farmer
complains that his outgoings are too great for his in-
comings. This is what constitutes his distress. Let
the currency-mongers shnw how a depreciation would
diminish the former and increase the latter. If both are
affected alike, it is clear that the farmer is just where
he was before. If the landlords can prove that the
farmer will receive more for his produce, and pay less
for the labour which he employs, and for the various.
commodities which he consumes, then we shall admit
that, however adverse to the interest of the community
the depreciation of the currency might be, it would be
beneficial to the farmers. But until they do this, we
must continue to regard the fiery zeal, which they are
displaying for the welfare of the agriculturists, as no-
thing but a pretext to cover the workings of those
sordid motives which have always characterized them
as a class, but which they now find It more than ever
necessary to mask. What cannot stand the test of
public opinion, it is wise to conceal from public view.

MAGAZINE DAY.

BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.

If we wanted other proofs than those we already
have in abundance, to convince us that the cause of
Toryism is a rapidly declining cause—that in fact, it
is all but in articulo mortis—we should find them in
the mingled recklessness and desperation of the Tory
periodical writers. These men write in the very spirit
of those who are persuaded that all hope is lost, and
that nothing remains but to pour out the vials of their
impotent wrath on the heads of those who have re-
duced their party to such a lamentable condition. The
article in the present Number of " Blackwood," entitled
the " O'Connell Domination" is penned precisely in
this spirit, making not the most distant pretensions to
cool or lucid reasoning ; but indulging every where
in passionate and acrimonious allusions to the
Whigs, and Daniel's "pestiferous tail." Singularly
enough, too, and which would almost lead us to con-
clude that the topics now in the course of handling by
the Tory scribes had been previously concerted among
them, the tirade before us raises the same cry that
the Times has been raising for some days past—
namely, that England has sunk to the condition of a
province, and is kept in humiliating subjection by
combined Scotland and Ireland 1 " Such," says the
writer, " is the woeful degradation to which in those
years, the Reform mania has reduced the English
people." Was ever absurdity equal to this ? Never-
theless there are those who will swallow it as a serious
truth=so blinding are the effects of party spirit, and so
thoroughly can they stultify even the most sagacious
intellects. " Elton's Poems" is a graceful and elo-
quent notice of a little volume lately published, by the
well-known translator of " Hesiod." The Reviewer
prefaces his subject by some remarks on " Boyhood,"
from which we extract a passage as full fraught with
the true imaginative faculty as any we have read for

years past :
" Beautiful boyhood—that link uniting in itself and to itself
both parents—half feminine in feature, form, mind, and affec-
tion ; yet how decidedly masculine in adventurous spirit, that
springs at the touch to instant action, and sparkling in the
eyes, changes all that was feminine into masculine energy;
and again, at the voice of love and sympathy, melting all that
was masculine into tears of gentlest, most feminine tenderness.
Beautiful boyhood, sporting in every wind, tossing his sun-lit
locks into the darkness of the stormiest skies, and baring his
breast to every element—fearless, beautiful boyhood! beloved
of nature, who, like a kind schoolmistress, sits upon the hills,
and claps her bands in joy at his pastime, giving him the earth,
with all its landscapes, at once for his school and his play-
ground—and then the rocks and woods re-echo his mirth; and
then in thoughtful liberty wandering away, the quiet nooks
enclose him in their greenness, making companions of every
thing, animate and inanimate—endowed with beauty, searching
with a worshipping curiosity into every leaf and flower about
his path, while the boughs bend to him, and touch him with
their sunshine ; picking up lessons for present delight and fu-
ture wisdom, by rivers' sides, by brooks, in glens, and in the
fields, inhaling, in every breath he draws, intelligence and
health."

In the " Memoirs of Luther" some interesting de-
tails are given respecting the private habits of this extra-
ordinary Reformer ; of the rise and progress of whose
doctrines throughout the Electoral States of Germany,
Robertson, it may be remembered, furnishes us with
an animated, though cursory sketch, in one of
the earlier volumes of his " Charles the Fifth." Lu-
ther's character is accurately pourtrayed. "In his
family," says the writer, " and among his neigh-
bours, he was jovial, affectionate, debonnaire. His
piety was not put on him, but broke out of him. It
flowed in a mingled stream with his every-day life and
conversation. The gravel and the gold rolled toge-
ther in the rich channel of his mind, and he made no
effort to exhibit only the one and to conceal the other."
The translation from " Aristophanes' Plutus" is from
the pen of Sir D. Sandford. It is lively and spirited,
and gives a fair idea of the quality of the original,
without adhering too literally or servilely to the text.
The versification'too is remarkable for its free and easy
play, being apparently constructed without an effort.
In the " Huguenot Captain," which is a species of
historiette, there is a narrative, from the pens of con-
temporary eye-witnesses, among others the famous
Sully, afterwards Minister of Henry the Fourth, of
the revolting massacre of St. Bartholomew. The
conduct of that fiend, in female guise, Catherine, at
whose express suggestion this wholesale butchery was
perpetrated, and of the ferocious De Guise, is de-
scribed with minute fidelity. The " Witch of Rose-
berry-Topping" contains some powerful descriptions ;
but the incidents, though in themselves highly excit-
ing, are too confusedly massed together ; the denoue-
ment, too, is abrupt and unsatisfactory.