The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-14 00:00:00

THE AMERICAN AND CHINESE

TREATY.

The Washington correspondent of the New Yorg'
Berald gives the following outline of the American
and Chinese treaty :
" The European press, especially the British, hav-
ing, with a malicious pride and jealousy, attempted
to depreciate and ridicule the position of Mr. Ward,
our Minister to China, and the results of his labours,
it is gratifying to be able to inform you that the
treaty negotiated by Mr. Reed, now in the State
Department, is quite satisfactory to our Govern-
ment ; and, indeed, instead oft having to rest
upon the most favoured nation clause, and conse-
quently upon the ratification of the English and
French treaties for any advantages f
enlargea
intercourse, as has been asserted by a malignant
foreign press, we have obtained all we could desire
in the body of the treaty, fully set forth in a
rather lengthy document. Besides, in the reicript
of the Emperor of China, which accompanies the
treaty, of which he ordered the Great Seal of the
Empire to be attached, and the exchange of the
treaties, is expressed the most friendly language
It is
towards our country and Government.
dignified and well expressed, entirely divested
of that extravagant hyperbole which We consider
characteristic of the Chinese. No American or
English statesman could have set forth the reasons
for ordering an exchange of treaties with more pre,
priety, or in a clearer manner. The stamp of goal
faith and directness of purpose is on its face. In
this rescript the conduct of the English at the Peiho
and throughout is set forth by way of compariseat
placing the conduct of the Americans in juxta-pli oei"
tion, to show his good faith, and why the Eng
and French failed to have their treaties exchange'
and the reason for ordering the exchange of the
American treaty."
sh

APPROACHING EXECUTION OF o.
JOE BROWN.

,riCs

According to our latest advices from Amer).-
there is a good deal of excitement exhibiting itself
as the time draws nigh for the execution of 13113/rn'
and extraordinary precautions are being taken
against the possibility of any attempt at rescue
being successful. A correspondent writes thus °lt
the subject from Harper's Ferry :
"The arrangements for Brown's execution are now nerd
completed. completed. and every precaution has been taken to gas'
against a surprise or distrabance of any kind.
I have just learned that the most stringent reguinti°n't
have been adopted in regard to the presence of civilians t
the execution. All applications for passes for civiliatio
attend within the military lines are refused by the Geveru°r'
on the ground that it would conflict with the military pro.
gramme. He said that no civilian could, under any
cumstances, be admitted within the military lines, the °ll,t—t
one of which would be nearly a mile from the scaffold. 0°
a word of what John Brown may utter, dile should sa9
anything, will, therefore, be audible to the men fermi"
even the line next the gallows.
gt Governor Wise stated the cause of this exclusion of all
f
persons other than the military to be, that in the event .°ll
an attempted rescue, an order to fire upon the prisoner al a
be given, and that those within the lines, especially
sufficiently near the gallows to hear what Browntug salt
would inevitably share his fate. • of
"This will give you an idea of what the authorities f
Virginia think of this affair. The imposing solemaitY
the occasion will indicate to the North the feeling here
on
this matter."
Another at Charlestown pens the following Wids
" On Saturday and Sunday the town was crowded
strangers and soldiers. 44,,r, of
" Extensive preparations are making for the recoP—
additional military forces, which are hourly
a for par'
The churches have all been taken possession
racks.
" Sentinels nightly fire at imaginary foes, and a li—
ef citizens have narrowly escaped their bullets. .
tea att
"On Sunday night the military confidently exPe• .0
attack, and the sentries were doubled. No diet "-h
peared, however. v. oho°
"It is stated on good authority that GOTernor is their
sent spies into Ohio and Pennsylvania, and it is frail
sing
reports that large bodies of men are arming and m° 0
expected.
towards Virginia, that the military forces are
largely augmented. A
" About 700 additional troops have arrived ber-
s° thst
Saturday, including two companies from Wheeling,
• we now have about 1,500 soldiers under arms."
AVelid

THE SALE OF BREAD IN FRAN

--,-,
The Constitutionnel has an article of such iater,gelit
to the public—the moderate price of bread la ;,0
of scarcity—that we consider an extract at"
yilsillo
worth giving. Our French contemporary Or- ;,
in the following terms the system now acted 11 is
: eon'
. " The fundamental principle of this systera: -pia
sists in selling bread below the market
times,llr.l-00-
dof scarcity, and above it,when corn 19" OOP
f ant and cheap, so that the sacrifices made g1114,a ob.
ormer case may be compensated by the Pr, e 7004
tamed in the latter. The idea is inffeol,llgoat •
was all the more likely to be viewed "wi,te'
bty the administration of the city of Parrs that it
the department of the Seine, from the fact th;00
lt as always been found necessary in deaer %eV'
.o have recourse to expensive means ei lovi.
ing the necessitous portion of the population. d.reo.
ever, before taking any decided step in that direr.
tion, the facts of the case were closely 011`mc-600
The statistics collected by the Prefect of the ",825
showed that during a period of 30 years, freni 'loaf
to 1853, the dearness above 80c. for the 41bileer
had been, as near as possible, balanced by the crorie
nessb below 60c. Hence it followed that if the parse
of
akers had been authorised during that interval
loaf,
30 years never to sell bread below 60c, the 41b,,,' ~,jeg
they would have been able, by properly eloP„iriee
the sums thus reserved, to sell their bread stnt:flict
never exceeding the maximum of 80e. I'oo
was encouraging, and the system of conipeosa
was accordingly adopted and applied" tOl 11
A great objection brought against the sYs-e
shown to be ill-founded:— • e tb.
"It was pretended that after autherielnus of
sale of bread at a reduced price during able
to
scarcity, the administration would notch e the
impose a higher price in years of abunnce ;5011,
compensation would, therefore, be found ilia_ de,
could never be realised, and the finances of thudobt.
partment would be burdened wit has e,lll, their
The pessimists, it must be admitted, it l'iuee%*
own way at first, for the food crisis was 01 thits
=pled duration. We must go back for Wort b
a century to find such a continuance of she. ed
vests. The disbursements, therefore, attaoloos
figure far higher than was anticipated, the t ieso
advanced during the scarcity amounting' to
ell% of
pr' too
than 53,000,000 f. But at last, after the
the lean kine, came that of the fat ones, and ..
001
system began to operate in favour of the
aced,
nistration. The period of repayment cool° ficle
and the compensation of the advance° 0`- of
during the bad years was pursued by mealbilie the
slight addition to the price of bread, the 0 such
whole time being hardly aware that all
operation was in progress. &sal
$O4
.. The total amount recovered by the Pan t lesi
above had reached on the 31st October last noon
than 331 millions of francs, so that not raojeri sva
20 millions remain to be made up, one wild he
a half of which will be furnished by the en. Cat
current year. The expenses incidental to tne_teo bp
de la Boulangerie, by means of which the '`
sYseriolll
verY ,_.eet
worked out, have been alleged As a
timedraw drawback, and
wholeand nintstapfnpreasraslatrhinast
t:inpd tionteVl.ProEththee
money taken up by that institution has rea, JaZior
sum of 111 millions. Thew hole anion? oust be
quently which remains at the present time tom
made up is in round numbers about 31 roof, oro-
large sum, no doubt, but which there is ev_nfollible
spect of reducing completely within. a re'
coatillir
time, should Providence only vouchsafe $ e or Mir
ante of harvests like those of the last thre
years."