The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-25 00:00:00

MARRIAGES.

84,090 persons married in the quarter that ended
on. June 30, or 4,272 in excess of the number who
married in the corresponding quarter of last year.
The marriage rate was 1.712, the average of the
quarter being 1-698. In England marriages are
more numerous in the spring quarter than in the
first three months of the year, but they are always
most numerous in the Christmas quarter.
BIRTHS.

The births of 168,311 children were registered in
the quarter that ended on September the 30th.
The number is 10,862' in excess of the births in the
' corresponding quarter of last year. The birth-rate
in the quarter was 3.377, the average being 3-246.
INCREASE OF POPULATION.
63,972 was the excess of the number of births over
the number of deaths, and that was therefore the
natural increase of the population of England and
Wales in 92 days. On an average, 695 were added
to the population daily, and the probable daily in-
crease of the population of the United Kingdom was
1,042, which, at the ordinry rates of mortality, will
supply 347 men daily of the age of 20. The youth
of the country are growing at such a rate as to add
a battalion to its strength every two or three days.
A certain number of them are transplanted, and go
to people the colonies.
34,864 emigrants sailed during the piarter, or 379
men, women, and children on an average daily, frpm
the ports of the United Kingdom at which there
are Government agents, of whom about 12,464 were
of English origin.
PRICES, THE WEATHER, AND PAUPERISM.
The price of wheat has remained steadily at
nearly the same figure for a year and nine months ;
and during the last three months it has been 44s a
,quarter. This steadiness of price in an article of
-large consumption has a salutary effect.
Beef has been 51d a pound, mutton, old a
pound by the carcass at Leadenhall and Newgate-
markets. The price of beef is the same as it was
ix the corresponding quarter of 1858, and the
eighth of a penny less than it was in 1857 ;
the price of mutton in the same quarters was 54d.,
51d., and 5-Id. The average prices of the higher
qualities of the two meats decreased id. in the
pound; or, beef from 61-d to sid ; mutton, 7d to 6td:
Potatoes were sold at the rate of 85s a ton at the
waterside market, Southwark ; is the correspond-
ing quarters of two previous years the prices were
1053 and 77s 6d. ,The prices of the present year,
like the temperatures of the seasons, occupy an in-
termediate position between those of 1857, when
they were higher, and 1851, when they were lower.
The mean temperature of the quarter was 62.8
deg., or 3.3 deg. above the average temperature of
the season during 88 years. The excessive heat
was accumulated in July, when the mean tempera-
ture was 681 deg. ; while on July 12 the air in the
shade reached 921 deg., and 93 deg. on the 13th
and the 18th ; so that during 10 succgssive days
the mean temperature of day and nigh exceeded
70 deg., a thing unprecedented during the puled
over which correct observations extended.
The air was drier (.72) than usual, but the
rain-fall (8.2 inches) somewhat exceeded the
quarterly average. The' thermometer on the
grass never fell below 40 degrees in July and
August, whereas it usually falls several time to
the freezing. point of water. Pauperism is below
the average in the kingdom. The average number of
paupers in receipt of relief during the quarter was
783,449, or less by about 29,000 than the numbers
receiving relief in the corresponding quarters of the
two previous years.
STATE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH. "
104,339 persons died in the last quarter. This
number is 6,079, in excess of the deaths-98,260
in the corresponding summer quarter of last year ;
and the rate of mortality, 2.093 per cent., is below
the average (2.138) ; the excess in that average
sing due to the epidemics of cholera.
A certain number of the deaths in the quarter
may be set down es natural deaths, aNd they would
not have exceeded. 73,533 if the mortality in 63 dis-
tricts of England, by no means in unexceptionable
sanitary condition, be taken as the standard. The
30,806 deaths in excess of that number are unnatu-
ral deaths, the results of causes which it is the duty
of every member of the community to endeavour to
remove.

It is a remarkable fact that the mortality of the
quarter in the small towns and the country parishes
was above their average, to the extent of more than
one death annually out of every 1,000 living. A
still greater excess might have been expected in the
large town districts, whereas the reverse was ob-
served—the mortality having been at the rate of
2 in 1,000 less than the average. The summer mor-
tality in the town districts was formerly to that of
the rest of the country as 26 to 18; in the last quar-
ter it was 23 to 19 ; and the difference will un-
doubtedly be still less considerable when all the
dense districts are supplied with pure water, and
with the means of returning all their refuse to the
fields as manure in an innoxious state.
The deaths in London during the quarterexceeded
the average. The high temperature facilitated the
decomposition of the impure refuse under the houses,
in the streets, and in the river. Diarrhoea was un-
usually fatal all over the London area ; scarlatina
and diphtheria were epidemic. In .the surround-
ing divisions the mortality was also above the ave-
rage, as there the same diseases prevailed, with
variable degrees of severity. In Kent diphtheria
was the cause of several deaths in Brenchley, near
Tonbridge, Aldington, Wingham, and Deal. In
New Romney, of the Romney Marsh district, re-
mittent fever was prevalent and fatal ; to 9 births
there were 31 deaths. The deaths in Brighton I
amounted to 423 ; in the Worthing district to 84.
The Broadwater Registrar says :
" The deaths are 20 per cent. below the average,
very few having occurred in the town of Worthing
—namely, only 17 out of a population, including
visitors, of 8,000. The deaths in the.previous quar-
ter were only 30. I attribute this result principally
to the complete sanitary measures carried out in the
town, under the supervision of the Board ef Health."
When will all the English watering places carry
out " complete sanitary measures," and thus assert
their superiority over foreign places of resort ?
The districts of Portsea Island and of Alverstoke
are not naturally healthy ; the sites are low, and the
water is probably impure, but measures might be
adopted for diminishing the great number of deaths
• from such diseases as diarrhoea. The sanitary state
of the rising town of Southampton is not satisfactory
—240 persons died in the 'district. North-
ampton and its neighbourhood are still suffering
from epidemics. The few districts around Wisbeach
have not experienced high rates of mortality ; but
fever and diarrhcea, have been very prevalent in
some parishes. The excess of mortality in the First
Ward, Colchester, is ascribed by the registrar " to
fever of a typhoid type, chiefly among patients in
the Camp Hospital, to diarrhoea, and to phthisis."
The mortality in the Norwich district is lower than
it was ; but diarrhoea was common arid fatal. In
the East Wymer sub-district " the large number of
deaths (18) from atrophy seems, on inquiry, to de-
pend on improper food, from the mothers not suck-
ling their children, as they say it would interfere
too much with their work." •
In the South-Western- division, Wilts, Dorset,
and Devon suffered an unusually high rate of mor-
tality. Scarlatina, diphtheria, and smallpox have
proved fatal in many cases. " Sanitary arrange-
ments are far from good in many houses," not only
of Ahbotsbury, where three deaths occurred in one
house over drains in the worst possible condition,
but it is to be feared in many other parts of these
great counties.
In the West. Midland Counties the deaths
amounted to 12,675. The health of several of Staf-
ford districts is still had. Measle: scarlatina, diar-
rhoea, and typhus have been fatal ; in . ,tv,ernal
hou es
of Ililston two and three children have OIL by measles. " I fear," says the IterPisjare"rtrlilea(t
often little notice is tal:en of illness until secondary synaptosas appear, when medical aid is too late. Persons first apply to a druggist, and afterwards to
a medical man, but not till the day -I,lofore death."
The North Midland Counties have sirflored in vari-
ous parts from diphtheria; the low mar.,,,lry districts
have been severely visited, but the deaths (0,467)
do not imply in the county aggregates higher rates
of mortality than usual.
In Lancashire and Cheshire the deaths (15,509)
are in numbers below those registered in the sum-

mer quarters of the two preceding years. The
mortality is below that ofpreceding years in Liver-
pool, and will be still lower when all the required

sanitary works are carried out.
In Yorkshire 10,983 deaths were registered. The
rate of mortality is lower than it was. Yorkshire,
lying between the Humber and the Tees—lofty
moorlands and the Qum= Ocean—is now occupied

LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY.
Since our parcel was despatched last night (Wed-
nesday), Mr. Patterson, who was then under exa-
mination, continued to describe the manner in which
the Royal Charter was constructed. He said the
whole of the fastenings were made of the best iron,
and when the Messrs. Gibbs and Co. put the vessel
into his charge they gave orders to spare no ex-
pense ; and, in order that the work might be done
well, higher wages were, paid to the men than had
ever been known before. He had inspected her in
the graving-dock after every voyage except the
last, and never saw a loose rivet.
In answer, to Mr. Aspinall,
Mr. Patterson said he believed the Royal Charter
was as strong a ship as had e7er been Ybuilt up to
the date of her construction.
Capt. Harris said she would not have come up to
Lloyd's present regulations.
Mr. Patterson said those regulations were not in
force when ahe vas built, but, except, fur her fur,
tenings being somewhat -light, she would nearly
have come up to them.
Mr. Mansfield remarked that if the ship had been
stronger, she would, of course, have been heavier,
and then would probably not have existed longer
on the rocks. •
Mr. Patterson—No.
Capt. Harris said if she had been built like our
floating batteries, with 41 inch plates, her very
weight would have broken her on the rocks.
The inquiry was resumed to-day at the usual time
(one o'clock).
Mr. Patterson was recalled—The Royal Charter
could have been clased A 1 at Lloyd's in 1855, had.
the owners so pleased, under the rules then exist-
ing. My foreman is a competent judge of both the
iron and workmanship. We looked to the iron and
rivettin-, particularly. When I took to the ship the
whole of the angle iron, the lower pipe, and the
beam iron were on the premises. Some portion of it
was unfit for the purpose. The angle and beam iron
would not stand the bend required. The diameter of
the keel rivets was 11, inch ; the plating was 1 inch.
I consider that rivets of that diameter were suffi-
ciently large for a vessel of that size. There were
a sufficient number of beams, and they were strong
enough. I only use boiler plates for • sheathing
ships, and am not aware that any other sorts of
iron are used for that purpose.
By Mr. Aspinall—That used on the'Royal Char-
ter_consisted of boiler plates. 'The engines of -the
Royal Charter were supplied by Messrs. Penn, of
Greenock, at the rate of £55 lOs per horse-power,
Which is a high price.
James Berry, foreman to Mr.. Patterson, said the
iron used in the bulk-heads was five-eighths thick.
He agreed with Mr. Patterson as to the rest of his
evidence.f j Superintended the building :of the
Royal Charter under. Mr. Patterson. The witness
continued—When I joined her at Sandscroft, she
was in frame. The greatest possible pains were
taken to see that she was a strong ship. There were
three foremen engaged, and it was impossible for
anything, to escape notice. I never heard any one
pet to her in any way as regards strength and
quality. The rivets in the keel were either 1 inch
which.or 1;-il inch in diameter, but I cannot be sure :hich.
The rivets in the bottom were 1 inch. Round the
poop and forecastle they were I inch, the plates be-
ing lighter. There were stringers in the wings,
and diagonal plates, 6 inches wide by 1 inch, in
the upper deck. The upper deck was lighter. A
stringer runs round the ship between the spar deck
and the main deck.. Various qualities of iron are used
in the construction of ships, and the prices vary ac-
cordingly. The iron used in the Royal Charter stood
its weight well. Flaws were sometimes found in the j
iron, and it was rejected. The quantity so rejected
was not more than the usual proportion. All the
mater4ls used in the building of this ship were
similar to those generally used in the building of
iron ships at that time. I inspected the work of
the Great Britain. I was also employed to super-
intend the repairs of the Royal Charter, after she
grounded at Flint._ She was brought to a graving
dock at Liverpool, when it was found that from 33
to 35 of floor angle irons were broken, and that
her main keel was also bent two inches and a quar-
ter in a distance of 12 feet, in the midship part.
The midship kelson was broken. The garboard
streak was 'bent, and several plates were bent, but
not broken ; they were taken out and reset. I don't
think we had any of the side plates out, as they
were not injured. The bilge kelsons, one on each
side, were put in after the accident. She was ori-
ginally built with three kelsons only. About four
or five stanchions in the midship part of the ship
were bent. Some of the rivets were started, but
only where there was great pressure, and when
wrenched by the strain on her. Neither the maid-
heads or the counter sunkheads came ofi. A great
many of the rivets were loosened, but they were all
replaced. Everything was made good, and addi-
tional strength given to her. Stronger plates were
introf.uccd into the main kolson at the sides and
top for the space of about 40 feet. In my opinion
she was properly and effectually repaired, and in a
workmanlike manner. I saw her when she put
back to Plymouth in 1855, on her first voyage. I
superintended repairs on that occasion. There was
nothing the matter with her hull, but she leaked in
her water ways. She was not put into ;graving dock. Carpenters were sent on board, and her wf-
ter ways were recaulked. Some extra fastenings
were also put in, and she was lightened of about
300 tons of stone ballast.
Capt. Harris said, some stress had been laid
upon the fact of this putting back, but it was clear to
his mind that she must have been made seaworthy,
or she could not have got
,the certificate of the
Board of Trade.

Mr. Patterson was of opinion that the vessel was
originally built with five kebtons, thoughhe agreed

Examination continued—Mr. Campbell told him
hat a bill had been presented, bearing his (Mr.
Campbell's) acceptance, but which was not in his
handwriting ; that it had been taken notice of at
the bankers, and, as perhaps, proceedings might be
taken upon it, be (the insolvent) had better not
remain. This was Mr: Wilkinson's till. He had
since met,Mr. Campbell, on his return from the
contested election at Weymouth,. and who then
shook hands with him. He had accompanied Mr.
Campbell to Weymouth at the former election, and
had introduced him there, but had received no re-
muneration for it. When he left Norwood Mr.
Campbell purchased about 100 volumes of books of
him. He first went to the Bridge-house Hotel and
afterwards to his aunt's. a MiSs Hayward, of Ken-
sington. Mrs. Wilson remained in the house at
Norwood untill the beginning of August, he having
left in July. There was no other lady in the house,
but one or two other gentlemen. He had known
Mr. Campbell intimately for the last 22 years, and
remembered him .when 17 years of age as a clerk to
the Adjutant-General in Calcutta. He would swear
he never got any money from Mr. Campbell for his
services at Weymouth, with the exception of his
eipenses. There were a great many guests in the
house at Norwood.
Mr. Eicke—Were some of those guests freemen
from Weyinouth P (A laugh.)
His Honour—Don't let us get into a question of
" treating."
Examination continued—Mrs. Wilson was living
at No, 1, Oxford-terrace, London, before they re-
moved to Norwood. Insolvent was in the habit
of going there occasionally, and paid the rent of
the house oa a lease
.for row. years, but re-
sided with his aunt. He had known Mrs.
Wilson eight or ten • years, and had lived with
her during that time. She had no property
when he first beCame connected. with her. The
house in as ford-ternce was a 10-roomed one, and
was furnished but not well. There was a little
plate which insolvent had had presented to him by
his mother. Should think the goods altogether
was not •worth more than. £350. A great portion
of them was 14old by i'drs. Wilson, and the re-
mainder taken to Norwood. They stayed at Mr.
Campbell's altogether about a year and a half. He
had no control over them, as he had given Mrs.
Winslow some, and the remainder was her own.
He had bought £GO Worth and given it her in 1852.
When they left Norwood Mrs. Wilson disposed
of a portion of the furniture she then had to Mr.
Campbell, and the remainder was taken to a house
in Upper Seymour-street, London, which insol-
vent had taken six weeks previously. That was a
10-roomed house, and the rooms were all furnished.
He allowed Mrs. Wilson six guineas a week, but
while in Scotland he was only able to allow her
£3 or £4, and he should say she then had a trouble
to " make both ends meet." She, however, appeared
in the schedule as a creditor for £lOO, for money
lent to him in 1358, to pay a Mr. Nugent who had
tent him .E 95 a few days prior to his going to Scot-
land. He had given him a bill for the amount