The Sun.
London, England, 1859-04-27 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
THIS EVENING, THE SERIOUS FAN.III.Y. Messrs.
B. Webster, Billington, Toole ; Miss Woolgar, Miss Sims.
After which, Til-E4DEvii, ON TWO STICKS. Mr. J.
L. Toole, P. Bedford, Misses Woolgar, Keeley, Arden, and
Kate Kelly.
Followed by THE PRETTY GIRLS OF STILBERG.
Mr. B. Webster, Billington, Eburne, Misses Woolgar, Keeley,
and Arden

Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.
Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box
Office open from 10 to 5 --no charge for hooking. No fees to
servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE,
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough
THIS EVENING will be produced a new Comedietta, by
J. M. Morton, Esq., entitled WHICH OF THE TWO
supported by the company.
After which, THE MAID AND TRE MAGPIE..
To conclude with VANDYKE BROWN. Mr. J. Clark,
and Miss M. Ternan.
Commence at 7o'clock.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.

Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke.
SPLENDID EASTER NOVELTIES.

THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
a new grand spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's popular
work, entitled IVANHOE; or, The Lists of Ashby, intro-
ducing among the vast resources of this great Hippodramatic
Temple,Tournaments, Processions, Banners, Combats, Tilts,
Victories, and Achievemer ts in extraordinary magnificence.
Ivanhoe, Mr. R. Phillips ;.•Isaac of York, Mr. Jas. Holloway;
Richard of England, Mr. Herbert ; Rebecca, Miss Bathurst.
After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN
THE CIRCLE, introducing- Mr. John Henry Cooke, the
greatest equestrian in the world : together with Miss
Emily Cooke, Madamd 'Blanche, Madame Bridges, Madlle.
Fleurette, and Madame-Francisco, being the greatest amount
of female equestrian kalent ever seen in one night in any
theatre. Grotesques—Messrs. Hemming and Thorne.

To conclude with the Farce of BAT FILNG.
Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 34!.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, is.; Upper
t Gallery, 6d.
Private Boxes, -Ct.4s. £2 2s, and £1 le.
Stage Manager. Mr. R. Phillips

OANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS
kJ GALLERY, Westminster-road.—Open at Seven.

EVERY EVENING during the week will appear
TIIE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,

consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz.. Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and
EIGHT years.

The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi-
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.
They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and
ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments.

THE WEATEIBIL—SuN OFPICIS, Arun 27.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
64—highest since noon yesterday.
.52—lowest this morning and during the night.
50—this day at noon.

BAILOMETEIL-29.95.
WIND, E.; very 'high wind, and cloudy weather.

soldiers was received with unwise acclamations.
" Time°, Danaos, et done ferentes,"
And every prudent Italian may well dread the;
constitutional freedom tendered by the Imperial
Autocrat. Once more we Quote from our prophetic
article of Monday week. We there said :—" If
coming events cast their shadows before, Louis
NAPOLEON has shadowed forth the course of time,
according to his reading of the book of fate. His
new year's gift to Austria may prove a bitter pill
to Europe under the patriotic badge of liberty
to Italy. Yes! liberty to the Italians—poor slaves
as they were—made poorer slaves by the very
man who, professing freedom at the head of some
forty millions of Frenchmen, sent an army to put
down freedom in Rome. in order to propitiate the
rancour of priestcraft ! And this is our august
ally !—the snake who keeps coiling around us
the more stealthily to betray ! But, not feel-
ing too secure in his own power, he wants
to make assurance doubly sure by enlisting
the willing aid of a kindred despot. And England
is all the while cajoled by the semblance of mode-
ration by the bubble,of a Congress! Well, it may
turn out all right,' but we much fear that we
shall awake some fine morning and find in the
wrong' to be the order of the day. Once more we
warn our watchmen to be more wide awake, and
keep their powder dry" We now find to our cost
that " all in the wrong" is the order of the day,
and that notwithstanding the energetic and firm
proceedings of the British Government, the plan
was too deeply laid to be averted by any merely
human foresight or exertion.
We believe that Austria had, even at the eleventh
hour,once more agreed to accept English mediation on
the terms indicated by Lord DERBY in his brilliant
oration at the Mansion House. She was well
avrare that the proposed Congress was nothing
better than " a mockery, a delusion, and
a snare," intended merely to exhaust her
resources, while France and Russia were
arming for the strife. But she had faith in British
honour and British justice ; and, although aware
that on some points the decision must be adverse
to her untenable pretensions, she was willing to
yield with a good grace, provided the judgment
was pronounced by England,
Louis NAPOLEON aspires to military distinction.
Italy is a more convenient field than the Crimea,
and he will have plenty of experienced " dry
nurses" to give him the benefit of their advice and
assistance. He is making extraordinary efforts to
fill the role which he has assumed. A loan of
500,000,000 francs (£20,000,000) has been already
- announced. As usual, the great moderation (!) of
; the EMPEROR has been insisted on. He only makes
war because he has " been forced and constrained
so to do by the aggressive conduct of Austria.'
This is a repetition of the lupine argument when
a cams belli was desired against the lamb. It will
not, however, deceive any disinterested and unpre-
judiced person, either in France or throughout
Europe. The recent treaty with Russia is the deep
blot that stains the entire transaction, and clearly
indicates the animus by which the Emperor NAPO-
LEON has been influenced during his warlike pre-

The pl 4 is thickening rapidly. The conspiracy
against the peace of Europe will speedily be deve-
loped. We can now understand the causes which
led to the proposal Xor THE BUBBLE-CONGRESS, and
the appearance of Russia at the critical 'moment
when the .mediatioli of England would have pre-
served the general tranquillity, and averted the
impending hostilities. Russia has never for a
moment ceased to yemember the conduct pursued
by Austria during the late war, and, true to her
ancient traditions—mindful of the policy inculcated
in the will of PETEA—She would . gladly see
any one of the great Powers reduced in posi-
tion, and, if possible, erased from the map of
Europe.
.It is now positively asserted that
an alliance, offensive and defensive, has been
concluded between Prance and Russia, and
that in consequence thereof Russia is to make her
first mobilization of four corps d'armee, two of
Which are to be advanced towards the Auitrian,
and two towards the Prussian frontier.

It now appears that the conspiracy has been a
considerable time maturing, and that the proposal
for the Bubble Congress was but a portion of the
deep laid scheme! rt.was clearly understood that
no beneficial result could be achieved, but time
would be given to France and Russia to complete
their preparations, and to come into the field with
what they fondly imagined to be irresistible force.
We have not, at all 'events, been in any degree
hoodwinkpX On the 18th of April The Sun con-
tained the following paragraph in its leading
column :—" The fact may turn out to be th.at
each of the great Powers,' as they please
to term themselves, is trying to outwit
its fellow lv throwing dust into its rival's
eyes for the ostensible benefit of mankind,
but in reality for its own ends. Russia has the
merit of proposing a Congress for the sake of
peace! and backs its quiet suggestion by asking for
a loan of some twelve millions, in order .the better
to preserve the peace ! The believers in despotism
see no harm in this modest proposal, resting fully
satisfied with the extreme moderation of the
EMPEROR of All the slaves, from Finland to Siberia,
and the far regions to the East ; while others, more
seemingly awake, suspect there's a screw loose
somewhere between the paddle-wheels of St.
Petersburg and the Tuileries. :In other words,
they fancy that the idea of. the Congress is only to
gain time for the ice to melt ia the cold regions of
the Baltic, sa,a.s to let -out the fleet cooped up in
Cronstadt into the mildei Waters of the Mediter-
ranean, or, it ,may be, into the more congenial im-
pregnability of Cherbourg. That feat once
achieved, JOHN BULL may begin to open his eyes
and look around in wonder, but not in dismay, for
JOAN'S British pluck will then assume the true-
blue of defiant independence, and the Minister of
the day, whoever he be, may look out for squalls of
no ordinary retribution."

parations.
It is possitively asserted that France has already
taken the first step, and that the French troops
have already arrived in the Sardinian waters, and
violated neutral territory in Savoy. The
EMPEROR, too, is starting for the frontier in
order to take *the command in person, and to
prove that the mantle of the First NAPOLEON
has descended to himself. There is, however, no
Imperial or Royal road to military science, and
however the matter may have been studied theo-
retically, practice and experience is indispensable.
He may have " played at soldiers," have speculated
on the qualities of different descriptions of
ordnance—invented new guns ; but none of these
matters will assimilate him to the victor of
Austerlitz, and Marengo, or enable him to defeat
the Austrian cohorts that may be brought into the
field against him. It is true that the Duke of
MALAN. Ho FE may be at his elbow—that
BARAGUAY D'HILLIERS, MACMAIION, CAN-
ROBERT and NIELL may whisper their
suggestions, but a general coMmanding must
have the stuff within him to do so, and no
advice or assistance will compensate for incapacity
on his part.

• The Stock exchange has exhibited the violent
fluctuations that might have been anticipated. The
mere rumours of war have occasioned unusual
mischief. We earnestly hope that no English
capitalist will meddle with any foreign loan, the
object whereof must be to carry on hostilities, and
which must greatly depreciate the value of the
other securities of which they may be possessed.

The experience of twenty years has now served
to illUstrate in a remarkable Manner the extraor-
dinary advantages accruing from the beneficial
system of the penny postage. A bluebook gives
the latest evidence of this in the shape of an official
report, duly signed and countersigned. Lord COL-
CHESTER'S is the signature—Mr. ROWLAND HILL'S
the countersignature. There is the radiant
puppet—there the potent hand pulling the string
beneath. Yonder is the marvelloui automaton
chess player, crowned with an Earl's. coronet, in-
stead of an Oriental-turban, contemplatiiely smok-
ing the calumet—nOW andthen impatiently tapping
the board, leisurly and (in the.end)" unerringly
moving the men that—year after year win the
game through" all its extending. complications.
Secreted within, among all the complex machinery
—hidden fromvulgar eyesiflitrks the real player
to whom we are all of us indebted for the chief
glory of the whole contrivance—to whose guiding
skill we are still beholden for the annual triumph
of .the performance.
Accustomed though we have.,become long since
to the marvels of penny postage systemjust as
we have come to regard it at last quite as a matter
of course that we should be whirled.to and fro upon
our travels by the fiery dragon of the steam engine,
or as we have our. portraits painted in a twinkling
by the pencil of the sunbeam, or as we send our
messages hither and thither on the wings of the
lightning—we cannot but recognise the astonishing
benefit secured to us in this the last score of years,
as the fruits of that penny postage system, by one
momentary glance of retrospect.
Let its recall to mind, for example, how exactly
twenty years ago, namely in the year 1839—the
year before the adoption of Mr. ROWLAND HILL'S
suggested improvement—the number of letters de-
livered during that twelvemonth in the *United
Kingdom amounted altogether in round numbers
to 76,000,000. And then let us epitomise in a
few suggestive numerals the astounding
_rate of
increase since then in our magnificent Post-!
office establishment. Since 1839, then—to begin 1
with—we find
actually that we have already at-
in- these Comp natively few years an increnge

How fully and completely has this prediction
been verified - How clearly were the views and
intentions of"•the,Emperor of all the Slaves from
Finland to Siberia, and the far regions of the
East " exposed; He has been compelled to cast
aside the wask g lijtle sooner than he had antici-

............---------.......----.—..
„vs:,
uu. 1 ;._
P
ated, but it is now mauifcst that a thor, a '" thr.. number of letters delivered annually amount-'
derstanding has long been arrived at betweell the ing to 446,000,000 ! The gross amount of the letters
elivered in the United Kingdom in 1858
.despots of St. Petersburgh and the Tuilefies. And
0
amount-
these are the men who have assumed arms in the ing to 523,000,000. So that the letters of 1858,
cause of Italian freedom (!) Many abuses hP..ve
as, compared with the letters of 1839, are really, to
been perpetrated in the name of liberty, but never 'put it simply in other words, more than seven times
perhaps was it so greatly desecrated as on the , 76,000,000! Taking the sister island alone into
present occasion. The Trojan Prince and Priest account in this matter, we may positively assert
exclaimed when the horse containing the arme d that whereas the number of letters delivered in 1839

showed a total equal to just one letter to each in-
dividual member of the population—the number of
letters delivered in that island in 1858 yielded a
total equal to just seven letters for each member
of the population ! The aggregate increase
amounting, as we have seen, to 523,000,000,
showing beyond this an equivalent of no less than
16 for each person in Scotland, and of as many as
22 for each person in England.
What is hardly less remarkable in regard to this
vast total of 523,000,000 letters in 1858—is the
surprising circumstance that very nearly half the
whole amount passed through London : and that
actually one entire quarter was delivered within
the metropolitan districts. Little more than one
fiftieth of the whole, comprising the sum of the
English postage in relation to the foreign and
colonial. Out of these 523,000,000 letters as many
as 1,300,000 were registered---showing one regis-
tered letter as compared with some 400 ordinary
communications. The miscarriages in the Post-
office still yield in all a rather formidable aggregate,
last year having witnessed the "return" of no less than
1,700,000 letters and 570,000 newspapers. Almost
everyone ofthe letters being returned, we do honestly
believe from some informality on the part of those
sending them—the majority of the newspapers
probably from the accidental bursting of the covers.
Together with the increase of the " letter post"—
there is a notable increase observable in two other
departments that have more recently sprung into
existence. In regard to Book Packets-1858 shows
a total of 7,250,000 ! In regard to Money Orders
—there were issued for that same year 1858 as
many as 6;689,396! The amount thus passing
current in 1658 through the Post-office reaching a
surprising total of £12,662,105 ! That ex-
traordinary total of £12,662,105 giving a net
profit, after the payment of all expenses in the
labour of transmission, of fully a quarter of a million
sterling, in part of just £25,936. Remembering
that ten years ago (1849) the amount of net profit
realised by means of money orders did not exceed
£322 in all, and that the year afterwards (1850)
that total of profit had increased to £3,236, the
total already mentioned for 1858 of over £25,000
must be allowed to give proof of an astonishingly
rapid development.
Altogether, it is curious to note, in addition to
the ibefore-mentioned items, that the report con-
tained in this latest blue-book from St. Martin's le
Grand gives evidence that we have already in these
islands not far short of a 'thousand head post•
offices, and considerably more than 10,000
sub -post - offices—in all 11,235 ! The distance
traversed diurnally in the transmission of the
national correspondence, according to the same
reliable authority, considerably exceeds 100,000
miles a day—in fact, 3,000 miles a day more in
1858 than in 1857, the aggregate of the space thus
traversed during the year last passed being in
effect just 133,000 miles a day ! There have been
two or three blunders during the year just
completed, but these blunders have fortunately
been repaired in time—thanks to the repugnance
with which they were received by the public, and
the indignant remonstrances with which the
intending innovations were greeted by the press.
So unmistakeable, indeed, has been the triumph
thus jointly won by the press and the public, tiat
we may content ourselves with this merely inci-
dental allusiOn to it. We have every confidence
that we shall hear no more of these perilous
experiments. At any rate—should they unhap-
pily- at any time be ever repeated—we are perfectly
certain they will be put an end to quite as
summarily.

ACCEPTANCE BY AUSTRIA OF THE
MEDIATION OF ENGLAND.

We are enabled to state that her Majesty's Go-
vernment received yesterday the official intimation
of the acceptance by Austria of the mediation pro-
posed by England. The promptitude with which
Austria has acceded to this last proposal on the
part of our Government will, we believe, have a
beneficial effect. Our rulers have acted through-
out this complicated affair with rigid impartiality,
which cannot fail to make a favourable impression
on the various parties in the quarrel. Lord
Derby's speech must have convinced our own pub-
lie, as well as the people of other countries, that by
her Majesty's present advisers the influence and
the power of England will, either in war or peace,
be directed with energy and discretion. Their
great object has been to preserve that harmony,
which has now, with the exception of a short
interval, prevailed for nearly half a century.
The disturber, of European. tranquillity, whoever
he may be, will not find in them an accom-
plice. IVe hail this amicable act on the part
of Austria as a pledge that she has not irre-
vocably committed herself to a rash policy, and that
she is still willing to make some sacrifices in the
interests of peace. Lord Cowley's mission produced
the best effect, and would, had not the Russian
proposal for a Congress intervened, have been
crowned with success. Our ambassador at Paris is
intimately acquainted with the feelings and wishes
of the French Emperor, and in his intercourse with
Count Buol speedily established a basis on which
France and Austria might work together 'to pro
duce a satisfactocy settlement of the Italian diffi-
culty. It is therefore with infinite satisfaction we
learn that Austria has consented to resume the
negotiations at the point at which. they were sud-
denly suspended when the idea of a Congress was
first broached.' It affords a proof not only of her
reliance on the impartial conduct of the English
Government, but also of her desire to avoid an
appeal to arms ; . and we sincerely trust that it may
lead to important results.—Morning Herald.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.

(FROM Otilt OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

NEWPORT BOROUGH ELEcnoikr.—The Mayor has given
notice that he shall proceed to the election of two members
to represent this borough in Parliament, at the Guildhall,
Newport, at elevep o'clock, on Friday next. As Messrs.
Cooke and Fl6wers have retired from the contest, Messrs.
Kennard and Powys will be returned without opposition.
Thus two votes will be lost to the cause of the Ballot.
Neglecting the register is said to'have been the principal
cause of the defeat of the Liberals; but the division among
the leaders of the Liberals has also had something to do
with this untoward event.

COUNTY OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT.—Mr. C. Clifford
comes in without any opposition.
CHEAP TRAINS AND STEAM-BOATS.—llundrads of ex-
cursionists are daily arriving and departing. We have
now sixteen passages to and from Portsmouth daily, and
as many to and from Southampton. The number of stage-
coaches to and from Newport, &c., are more than doubled,
there being now eighteen daily, and all loaded outside and
inside ; and the number of steamers and coaches is to be
increased on the Ist of May.

We are sorry to learn that the Right Hon. Sir
Edward B. Lytton, who has resorted to Malvern with the
view to benefit his health, remains in a very sad state. Since
his sojourn there during the last six days, the friends of
that eminent author will regret to learn that but slight
amendment is perceptible in the malady from which the
right hon. baronet suffers.
THE LATE W. J. CHAPLIN, EsQ.—We have to
announce this day the death of a gentleman widely known
both in Parliamentary and mercantile circles, Mr. William
James Chaplin, late M.P. for Salisbury, who died on the
24th inst., at the age of 71. He was a son of the late Mr.
William Chaplin, of Rochester, where he was born in 1787,
and was educated at Bromley, Kent. He was for some years
chairman of the South-Western Railway, and a director of
the Paris and Rouen, the Rouen and Havre, and the
Rhenish Railways. Ho also served the office of Sheriff of
o
London and Middlesex in 1845-6. Mr. Chaplin, who was
a magistrate and deputy lieutenant for Hants, was returned
to Parliament in January, 1847, as M.P. for Salisbury; and
being both occasions at the top of
candidate in 1857. Mr. Chaplin was
athgaeipnollin,
but Jul wy,asnot a
1852,
an advanced Liberal, and a supporter of the ballot. He
married,' in 1816, Elizabeth, daughter of William
AlstoA, il..

LATEST NEWS.

ENTRY OF THE FRENCH
TROOPS INTO SAVOY.
We (Morning herald, second edition) have
received by telegraph the important intelligence
that a division of the French army crossed the
frontier into Savoy, near Culoz, at noon on Tuesday.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

ALLIANCE BETWEEN

RUSSIA AND FRANCE.

VIENNA, APRIL 26, Noox.

The Russians here state that an alliance offensive
and defensive has been concluded between Russia
and France.

It is also credibly stated that French troops have
already violated neutral territory in Savoy.
The Sardinian reply to the Austrian ultimatum
will be given at 6 o'clock this afternoon.

VIENNA, APRIL 27.

The Municipality of Vienna has resolved upon
presenting an address to the Emperor, expressing
to his Majesty its fidelity and readiness to make
any sacrifices which the state of affairs may require.

BERLIN, APRIL 26, 8.39 P.M.

This evening's edition of the National Zeitung
states that a treaty offensive and defensive between
Russia and France was concluded on Friday last,
according to which Russia is to make her first mo-
bilisation of four corps d'arinee, two of which are
to be advanced towards the Austrian, and two
towards the Prussian frontier.

SARDINIA.
TURIN, TUESDAY, April 26.

A religious ceremony is to be solemnised in the
Cathedral to-morrow, which will be attended by
the King and the Deputies of the Chambers. After
the ceremony the King and his Staff will leave for
Alessandria.

The Austrians are making preparations for the
passage of the Ticino.

At 5.30 this evening Count Cavour delivered to
Baron Kellersberg the answer of Piedmont to the
ultimatum of Austria.

Baron Kellersberg took his departure at 6.15
p.m., accompanied to the frontier by a Sardinian
officer.

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THE SUN.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27, 1859.