The Sun.
London, England, 1832-09-27 00:00:00

FINE ARTS.

FINDEN S ILLUSTRATIONS TO
BYRON, No. VII.
This number consists of four landscapes, awl
a portrait. The portrait is that of Margarita
Cogni, who, as many of our readers may perhaps!
remember, figures so conspicuously in the second
%'olume of Mr. Moore's Memoirs of Lord
Byron. She was his Lordship's favourite wheil
he resided at Venice, and has been complimented
by him with the epithet of " the tigress." Frail
the portrait we should suppose that Margarita
was as gentle as a sucking dove. Her face is all
softness and sweetness, with a dash of mild,
pensive reflection. It has far more of the Juliet
than the Jezebel about it. As a work of art,
the portrait is a very creditable one, without haw:
big any claims to first-rate excellence. The!
landscapes, with the exception of Cagliari, whose
clouds are its sole redeeming features, are in
Finden's happiest and most careful manner

LITERATURE.

BYRON'S WORKS. Vol.. X. LONDON. 1525.

This magnificent edition is now fast hasten'
ing to a termination. The tenth volume hagi
already appeared, and contains, among many
minor pieces, the striking poems, "
" Siege of Corinth," " Prisoner of Chillon,',
" Parisina," and " The Hebrew Melodies.
Respecting the " Siege of Corinth," it may I►e
worth while perhaps to mention, that Lord Byron
having given Mr. Gifford permission to draw his
hypercritical pen through any lines or passages
that dissatisfied his judgment, that gentleman
struck out one of the most admired passages.
But Mr. Gifford was a critic of but a small
calibre of mind ; he was utterly destitute of feel-
ing and fancy, and always occupied himself with
the minutim, the verbal niceties of composition'
He was not a critic in the same sense that
Jeffrey was a critic, he had not a sufficiently
comprehensive or liberal intellect. He was simplY
a first-rate literary mechanic. The illustrations
to this volume, which are two in number, are, as
usual, executed with consummate skill, and con'
sist of views of Corinth, and Athens, with the.
Isle of lEgina in the distance.

LANDSCAPE ANNUAL F 01? 1833.
This volume, we understand, closes the Italian

portion of the " Landscape Annual," and thus
we have four volumes profusely embellished with
sketches of the most exquisite scenery that hall
can furnish. The former numbers, as well as the
present, are worth purchasing, if only from the
circumstance that they bring home a variety ol
pleasant recollections to the mind of the tourist'
The engravings in the number now before us
are twenty-six in quantity, and, as regards
quality, are many of them of superior merth,
while few, if any, are below mediocrity. The'
views of Genoa are superb, and remark
able for their correctness and fidelity. Tio
Convent of Vallombrosa, also, which no one
who has read Milton, ever forgets, is, in its
way, a perfect gem. The literary department
the work is by Mr. Roscoe, who has interwove° •
his interesting historical facts and scenic details
with appropriate tales and legends, simply ad
pleasingly told. The volume, as a whole, 15
a very delightful one—just the thing, in short,
wherewith to pass away a winter hour by the
fire-side.

CIRCULATING CREDIT:
WITH HINTS for IMPROVING the BANKING SYSI'.

OF BRITAIN;
AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE MODERN VC(''
TRINES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.—BY A SCOTCH BANKER.-
TAIT, EDINBURGH, 1831
c)(
THE LIFE and ADVENTURES of the OLD LAO'

THREADNEEDLE-STREET.
WRITTEN BY HERSELF.
We have placed the two publications at the
head of this article together, rather on account
of their both being the produce of the same 00'
sion, and of the difficulty of saying much upon co.:
of them, than on account of any similarity in the /f
contents. The latter of the two is merely, uncle,.
the fictitious character of a woman, a history
the different accessions of capital received by tbegi
Bank, with the price it paid for the successi'.;
prolongations of its charter. As the attempt !i
makes to enliven a dull matter of fact narraticef'
not very successful, we shall say no more about I 0
t
The writer of " Circulating Credit" has !Ivo
we should imagine, long turned his mind for
some of the matters upon which he writes, f()t
his opinions upon them are quite inconsiste)to
with the clearness and perspicuity of other p 3 to
of his work. The first fifty or sixty pages °,r,
occupied with a discussion upon the
tions between capital and revenue and c:;
changeable value. It is in this part of
his undertaking that we think the anti'
rather at fault. The conclusion to which he
led, or rather at which he arrives, is, that I(
paper in circulation is to be divided into o,',
parts, paper of currency and paper of cap
and his object is to show " that all excess w /10,
quantity of bankers' notes at any time in circooe
Lion has its origin in the issue of papers as ell'
representative of capital, and not as the represjo,
tative of coin in currency." The writer ')11;/
contends, as a corollary to the above, that 01
issue of bankers' notes in the shape of c°l3 of
cannot have any effect in raising the priceid
commodities. This may be a very convev‘c
doctrine for issuers of paper to maintain, 11`1,iir.
must confess our utter inability to see the cell
tinction the writer wishes to establish bets'
car
te se'
paper issued as the representative of etli'elor
and the representative of capital, and, of 101 l
quence, how the latter can be issued o'4 of
having a tendency to raise prices. By °op
illustration, the writer supposes a manufactijoitl
to satisfy a banker of his solvency, to 01)aetyl
1,0001. in notes from him, and to pay 00'3 iv
to that amount which he owes to some Ithi
list. Because this is a large transaction, all e 0
large notes very soon return into the ba" re
hands, the author argues, that it is a diffeoi,
kind of currency from that of 5/., 101., ,
notes, which are employed for a longer tiT-01
the more common transactions of life. Thisfrtisli
deem to be a complete fallacy, and imagtlie are'
the writer must have been led into it by lit
liminary discussions, introduced, we s'
4or
suppose rather to swell the book to a r

selling size, than as forming any part of
his original and mail; object. This main object
is to make known and recommend to the Eng-
lish public the Scotch system of banking. In
this recommendation we heartily concur. We
also quite agree with the author, when he says—
" The idea of placing restraints upon credit, ex-
cepting such as provide for the faithful perform-
ance of contracts, and the prevention of frauds
and abuses, is absurd: the very meaning
and intention of credit is the full and un•
restrained interchange of confidence between
individuals, or between societies and individuals ;
and the people are the best judges of what socie-
ties and what individuals are most worthy of
confidence." The writer is willing to let the
Bank of England retain the exclusive privilege
of supplying Londo❑ with a paper currency, pro-
vided banks of deposit were allowed to consist
of more than six individuals. We should be quite
willing to see the Bank of England deprived of
all exclusive privileges, and think the trading
and banking community would not find greater
difficulties in settling their balances than they now
do , but it is monstrous that the law should say
to the country bankers, who are obliged to keep
large balances in the hands of a London agent,
" You may send as much capital to London as
you please, but remember, you shall not in any
case be allowed to take the security of more than
six individuals for your money." The details
given of the operations of banking are clear,and
at the present moment, when so many, who never
before turned their minds to the subject, are stu-
dying it, will prove very acceptable. \Ve shall
close our notice of this work by quoting the ex-
position of an error in Mr. Ricardo's theory of
rent, which does the author much credit, although
perhaps compressible into a smaller compass.
After admitting that Ricardo is correct when he
defines rent to be " that portion of the produce
of the earth which is paid to the landlord for
the use of the original and indestructible powers
of the soil," the Scotch banker proceeds to ob-
serve :

" But the error in Mr. Ricardo's theory of rent arises
from his reversing the natural order of things, and mis-
taking the effect for the cause. He considers the cultiva-
tion of an inferior quality, to be the sole cause of rent on
land of a better description ; and as the progress of popu-
lation obliges a country to have recourse to land of worse
quality, to enable it to raise its supply of good, he affirms
that with every step in such progress, rent on all the more
fertile lands will rise. By the same mode of reasoning, he
infers that when a change of circumstances induces a
country to abandon the cultivation of inferior soils, the
rent of land will thereby he diminished. A little reflec-
tion will show that this view of the subjt ct is absurd.
Rent of land is not high, because inferior soil are culti-
vated; but inferior soils are cultivated, because rent is
high : and on the other hand, rent does not fall because
the inferior lands are abandoned ; but the inferior lands are
abandoned because rents are falling.
" Why are inferior lands at any period cultivated, but
because more corn is wanted than what the better lands
can produce : and whenever more corn is wanted than
what the land under cultivation can produce, its price
must immediately rise like any other commodity whose
Supply is less than the quantity required for use.
" When a rise in the price of corn takes place under
Such circumstances, rent of land, under cultivation, will
be immediately created, whether new land of inferior
quality be put under tillage or not: and the measure of
this rent will be equal to the difference between the net
revenue arising from agriculture, and the nit revenue
arising from other employments.
" Before the rise in price of corn, suppose whe it sold
at 608. a quarter, a manufacturer sells his cloth for 3001.
Which leaves him the usual profit after paying interest,
Wages, and his own maintenance. A cultivator, in like
maniser, whose farm produces 100 quarters of wheat,
sells it for 3001., which also leaves burn the usual rate of
profit after paying interest, wages, seed, and other charges.
After the rise in price, suppose wheat sells for 755. a
quarter; and as this rise will not affect the price of other
commodities, the manufacturer still sells his cloth for the
same remunerative price of 300/. But the cultivator,
Whose crop we have supposed at 100 quarters, is now in
a different situation from the manufacturer. Formerly, it
required his whole crop of 100 quarters to pay charges,
and leave the average rate of profit, hut now eighty quar-
ter,' if sold at the market price of 755., will be sufficient
for that purpose, and the remaining twenty quarters will
be rent, no matter whether the cultivator receive it in the
capacity of tenant or of landlord.
" When land of the second degree of fertility is taken
into cultivation in consequence of an increased demand for
corn, it cannot, in the witure of things, produce that
effect which Mr. Ricardo ascribes to it, namely, to raise
the rent of the better soils previously in cultivation ; and
any effects that may be produced are the very reverse.
It will have a tendency to depress rent, or at least to keep
it from rising higher; because rent of land is the effect of
high prices of produce ; and increased production of raw
Produce, or of any thing e'se, tends to lower its market
Price, therefore cannot operate in raising rent By the
same mode of reasoning, we must arrive at the conclusion,
that the abandonment of inferior soils cannot by any
means produce the effect which Mr. Ricardo ascribes to it,
namely, to make rent fall; because it is in consequence of
rents falling, that inferior soils are abandoned."

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY )

FROM LLOYD'S.
DEAL, SEPT. 26.—Wind W.S.W.—A cannonade on
the opposite coast was heard from about 10 A.m. till noon,
when it appeared to cease, the wind changing to S.W.
DOVER, Sarr. 26, 8 P.M.—The Ostend mail brings,
to our surprise, no explanation of the cannonade so dis
tinctly heard here, 10 P.m. The King of Spain is not dead.
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 25.—Wind S.E.—The Board of
Health has declared the town free from cholera, and it is
expected that clean bills of health will in due course be
granted to vessels from this port.
PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 26.—Wind light and variable.—
Arrived from London the Royal George, for Mauritius.
FALMOUTH, SEPT. 25.—Variable light breezes.—Ar.
rived the Ramona steamer, sailed on the 21st instant from
Oporto.

DARTMOUTH, SEPT. 25.—Arrived the Myrtle, Walker,
from Cardiff, assisted in, very leaky, and part of the cargo
thrown over, having been on shore, bound to London.
LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 25.—Arrived off port the Hibernia,
from New York ; the Flower, Lamble, from Villa Nova ;
the Louisa, Betts, from St. Petersburg') ; and the Stephen,
Gothenburg, from Aberdeen.
GREENOCK, SEPT. 24.—Arrived the David, Munro,
from St. Kitt's.
Durtuts, SEPT. 25.—Arrived the Duncan Gihb, Don-
nell, and Patience, Middleton, from Quebec ; Emerald,
Pletcher, from Bordeaux ; and Richard and Ann, Hay,
from London.
SeLl3l"'", SHPT. 24.—Arrived the William, Ryan,
Garter, and He he, a g
afi"ver,H cumin ton from Lon-
bout:d` Gleaner, Amlet, from Boulogne. The Cicero,
in and to
ou Que'
lies on her beam-ends, the tide flowing
t ; kbehec has.

skore The George
IV. from to Glasgow, was on
oTarbert Rock,Limerick
on the 21st inst„ but was got off
di
with keel broken, and very leaky, and would put back to
scharge.

His Royal Highness the Duke of SUSSEX is
now sojourning at Kimmel', the seat of Lord DINORBEN.
Yesterday week his Royal Highness visited Pias Newydd,
Where he dined with his Royal Relatives the Duchess of
KENT and the Princess Vicroar.s. He immediately after-
Wards returned to Kimmell.—Carnarvon Herald.
TITHE SALE.—JAMES DENNIS LYONS,
Esq., Deputy-Lieutenant, Wat. SMITH, sub-inspector of
Police, with 50 of the constabulary and peace-preservation
force, and Captain KELLY, of the 77th, with his detach-
ment from Ballingarry, were on Tuesday employed in pro-
tecting the drivers of the Rev. EDWARD CROKER, while
distraining for tithes due to that gentlema❑ on the town-
land of Dunnoman, in the parish of Croom. 40 head of
cattle were seised and brought into Croom, but were sub-
sequently returned to their Owners, upon giving security
to bring them forward on the day of sale.—Limerick
Herold.

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1832.

We have great pleasure in laying before our
readers the following despatch of our brave coun-
tryman, COI. HODGES, to the Commander.in-
Chief of the Portuguese Constitutional Forces.
The British character is as ably sustained by this
officer as it is disgraced by Sir JOHN CAMP-
BELL, who is serving with the Miguelite Gene-
ral GASPAR TEIXEIRA. The Correspondent
to whom we are indebted for a copy of Col.
HODGES'S despatch says, " Never during the
Peninsular war was there more valour shown
than in the attack of our people on the heights
of Lugar das Antas yesterday :"

OPORTO, Poe° DAS PATAS, SEPT. 17.
SIR,—In obedience to your Excellency's orders
I have the honour to enclose you returns of the
killed and wounded of the brigade under my com-
mand, which occurred in the action of yesterday,
and I am happy to say, considering the overwhelm-
ing force which was opposed to me, our loss is in.
considerable. I consider it, however, my duty
to bring before your Excellency's notice the
brilliant and gallant defence of the Lugar das Antas
and heights in its front, a defence that would have
done honour to the oldest and most experienced
troops. After the successful termination of our
sortie on the left, the enemy directed their principal
force, commanded in person (as I have been informed
by the prisoners we made) by the Viscount Santa
Martha, towards the Lugar das Antas, where there
was a picket of sixty men, under the orders of
Major Shaw. This force I had ordered in the
forenoon to be augmented by a cempany from
the 2d Battalion of the 18th ragiment of the

Despatches have this morning been received
at the Belgian Embassy by extraordinary couriers
from Brussels. They announce that every thing
was quiet at Antwerp at the moment of the last ac-
counts being sent off to the Belgian Government.

Despatches have been received by the Ra-
mona, from Oporto, by his Excellency the
Chevalier DE LIMA, to the 21st instant. They
do not confirm the statement of a Morning Con-
temporary of a general attack having been made
by the Miguelites on the 19th instant, but
mention several attacks previously to that day,
in all of which the Miguelites were defeated.
A general attack was expected to take place on
the 29th, the Usurper's Saint's day, but the Con-
stitutionalists were well prepared for it. Up to
the 21st the bombardment had done little injury.

We understand that at an interview between
some English gentlemen deputed by the mer-
chants at Oporto to the head-quarters of Don
M IGUEL'S army, the General behaved in a most
outrageous manner, spoke very disrespectfully
of Earl GREY and other Members of our
Government, and said that all the blood
which might be spilt would fall on their
heads. At the same time several officers in
MIGUEL'S army expressed their readiness to de-
clare for and join Don PEDRO if the English
Government would but recognise Donna MARIA.
Such of the English vessels of war oil' Oporto
as can cross the Bar, have been ordered to do
so, for the protection of British subjects and
their property.

We have no solution of the heavy cannonade
heard yesterday along the coast. Accounts have
been received from Antwerp, Brussels, and other
places, which make no mention of the affair.

It will be seen by the news from Vienna, that
the poor SULTAN, in hiS last extremity, is said to
have sought the aid or intervention of England
against the Paella of EGYPT :
BRUSSELS, SErr. 23.—Yesterday, at half-past two,
the King reviewed a squadron of the 2d Regiment of
Chasseurs, that came from Tournay. His Majesty had on
his left hand the Duke of Orleans, in the uniform of a
French general officer, wearing only the Cross of the Or-
der of Leopold. After the review the King returned to
the Palace, amidst the acclamations of the crowd.

M. Le Hon arrived at Brussels yesterday afternoon, and
immediately proceeded to the Palace, where he saw the
King and the Duke of Orleans. M. Le Hon, before he
left Paris, opened his official intercourse with the Lega-
tions of Austria and Prussia.

M. Legare had an audience yesterday of the Minister for
Foreign Affairs.

We learn that the full powers given by the Government
to M. Van de Weyer, to treat directly with Holland, ex-
pire on the 10th of October. It is said that the instruc-
tions sent to M. Van de Weyer were not discussed in the
Council, and that General Goblet wrote to M. Van de
Weyer that he took the entire responsibility on himself.
The French Major-General, Huse!, arrived at Brussels
the day before yesterday. We are assured that he en'ers
the service of Belgium as General of Division, and will be
placed at the head of the troops now under the command
of General Goethals.

Great exertions are made to prepare the platform on
which the distributio❑ of the standards of honour will
be made on the 27th. Every thing is preparing that the
distribution may be made with all due solemnity ; the
Queen will be present.
The Ministers will be at the entertainment which will
he given to the deputations and to the wounded of Sep-
tember, on the day of the distribution of the standards:
There will be 500 persons present.
It was reported yesterday that Don Pedro is going to
contract for a loan, one half to be taken by a house here,
and the other half by a house in London.
13ittrssEi.s, SEPT. 24.—The Chevalier de Brouckers is
gone to Paris. The King gave yesterday a private audi-
ence to General Despray, and afterwards transacted busi-
ness with General Evain, the Minister of War. Her
Majesty the Queen will be present at the review of the 3d

division, in the eimp at Dewierleuxv, on Tuesday. This
corps consist' of between 8 and 9,000 men.

Princess Bagration arrived at Brussels yesterday.
BRUSSELS, SEPT. 25.—MArshal Gerard and his Staff
arrived at Cambray the day before yesterday.
General B mdraud is to set nut for Paris this morning;
it is .upposed that M. Le Hon will also soon return to
Paris.

The King, the Queen, and the Duke of Orleans set
out for Dendenleuw this morning.
The cholera has nearly disappeared..—Brussels Papers,
Sept. 26.
ANTWERP, SEPT. 25.—Most of the Journals refuse like
ourselves to take seriously the show of hostilities that has
been made within these few days, and are far from think
ing war so near at band as some French Jouranals would
make us believe. Almost all the Journals agree in ob-
serving how disgraceful it would for us if the news from
France should happen to be true, to see France support
with its formidable army the numerous army of a nation
of four millions of souls, to overwhelm a people of hardly
two millions.

A letter from the Hague sap, " It is reported here that
a Royal declaration has just appeared, by which all the
transactions of the bank of Brussels since 1830, and all
•ales of lands under whatever condition, are considered as
null, by his Majesty the King of the Netherlands.—
Brussels Papers, Sept 26.

VIENNA, SECT. 13.—An English courier from Con-
stantinople arrived here yesterday, and will set out again
this evening for London. It is said he is the bearer of
despatches from the Turkish to the English Government. The
Porte, in consequence of the critical situation in which it
is placed by the events in Syria, seeks foreign assistance.
Ir it is left to its own resources it may be overthrown, as
the Egyptians are masters in Syria, and seem disposed to
push their conquests farther. One thing, however, is ad-
vantageous to the Porte, viz., that the Egyptians as they
advance go farther from their resources, and the Turkish
army as it retreats comes nearer to its resources, and re-
ceives supplies of men and military stores. It seems that
the Turkish Ministry hope that the English Government
may be induced to take an active part, and to place its na-
val force in the Archipelago, at the dispos of the Sultan,
or at least suffer it to make some demonstration in favour
of the Porte, by which the Egyptian Satrap may be in-
duced to peace. It is affirmed in Constantinople that the
English Ministry is inclined to interfere in favour of the
Porte, and that the Charge d'Affaires has officially an-
nounced to the Porte that the English Government is
willing, if the Sultan approves, to intervene, in order by
its mediation to assist in putting an end to a war so ruin-
ous to both parties. This notification it seems makes the
Porte hope for the assistance of England against the re-
bellious Pacha, and has led to the above-mentioned com-
munication to the English Government.—Allgemeine
Zeitung, Sept. 20.

The Paris Papers of Tuesday have been re-
ceived by express. It now appears that King
FERDINAND is not dead, and the probability
is that he will recover !

The following telegraphic despatch appears in
the Moniteur :
" BAYONNE, SEPT. 24.
" SAN ILDEFONSO, SEPT. 20.

" THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR AT THE COURT OF SPAIN TO

THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

" The KING, whose life appeared to have
been despaired of on the 17th, suddenly found
himself better on the morning of the 18th.
Yesterday alarming symptoms again appeared,
but the day passed off well ; and although the
danger has not entirely ceased, the state of his
MAJESTY appears much more satisfactory than
could possibly have been expected."

The French Ambassador had been led into a
mistake with respect to the KING, by the fact
that FERDINAND fainted on the 16th, and was
not expected to recover. His attendants be-
lieved him to be dead, and so the Ambassador,
to save time, despatched a courier to Bayonne
with the news.

The French army has not yet passed the fron-
tiers; but Admiral DUCREST DE VILLENEUVE
had left Paris for Cherbourg, to take the com-
mand of the naval force there destined for the
Dutch coast.

It is not improbable even now that matters
may be settled without fighting, unless the King
of HOLLAND is resolved on pushing things to
that extremity, on the reliance of support from
Prussia, Austria, and Russia.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, Serr. 25.—live per Cents., 96f. 20c.
30c. 25c. 20c. 25e. 20c. 2.5 e. 20c. 25. c.; Loan of 1832, 97f. 20c. ;
Four and a Half per Cents. 89f - Three per Cents., 68f. 55c.
60c. 65c. 60c. 55c. 50c. 60c 65c. 70c. ; Bank Actions, 1,660 f. ;
Rente de Naples, 81f. 20e. 40c. ; Rent d'Espagne, 1312•7 i % ;
Royal Spanish Loan, '7B 77% y 3,): 14 Rente Perpetuelle
d'Espagne, 57 56.7 i 56 56! 564 1,,.j ; Haytian Loan,
200 f. Exchange on London—One month, money, 25f. 80e.;
Three months, money, 25f. 65c.—fours Authentique.

A return was last Session made to the House
of Commons, on the motion of Mr. EWART, of
the number of Irish poor shipped under passes
from the port of Bristol to Ireland, and the
charge for passing them, in each year since the
year 1823. The results it presents are that the
number of men, women, and children passed to
Ireland through Bristol have increased since
1823 from 999 to 3,548, their number last
year. The expense attending their passing has
within the same period risen from 7021. to
1,1791. Two facts, if they were not sufficiently
obvious in other points of view, would be made
manifest by this return. First, that our own
poor laws are bad, and second, that Ireland
cannot with any safety to this country, or with
any regard to her own welfare, be allowed to
continue much longer without a poor law of some
kind. It is clear that as long as English pa-
rishes have and exercise the power of removing
Irish paupers to their own country, so long will
the calls upon them for that purpose multiply.
The payment of their passage home acts as a
direct bounty for Irish labourers to come to
England. Nothing could be more unobjection-
able than that labour should travel from one part
of the empire to another, according to the de-
mand for it, if it were left to itself ; but it is the
height of absurdity for English parishes, already
overburdened with poor of their own, to offer a
premium for Irish labourers to come and deprive
them of a portion of their employment, by which,
as the poor laws are at present administered,
English landlords and tradesmen not only lose
the advantage they would derive from the spend-
ing in this country of the money carried to Ire-
land to pay the rents of Irish landlords, but
are further saddled with the expense of
the maintenance, without labour, or adequate
labour, of their own workpeople. We
are aware that nearly the same argument
may be applied to the giving of parochial relief
at all, as it is merely taking bread from those
who are employed, and are certainly indus•
trious, to give it to. those who are not em-
ployed, and who may be idle, improvident,
and vicious. We grant this, and might, with
certain modifications, rendered necessary by the
circumstances to which our silly interference
with the laws of nature has reduced us, be in-
clined to go nearly the whole length of those
injury.
is contend that nothing but unalloyed njury
is inflicted upon the labouring classes, by teach-
ing them to depend upon the parish for relief in
every season of difficulty. But all that we wish to