The Sun.
London, England, 1859-06-23 00:00:00

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PRICE 4D• •STABIPED; SP.

lily of organisation, which renders these men more
sensible to pain, which multiplies the effect of pain
and care upon them ; and when oiled pain and care
have assiumed a certain influence, they. tell directly
upon what, to use -the language of political eco-
nomy, we may call their productive powers ; so that
'the combination of theSe causes, together with.the
liabilities which attach to such men, and which
attach to them in ,proportion as their professions.
are devotedly followed, constitutes a case of peculiar
necessity and of peculiar right to your assistance.
Now, there is another point of ' view in which it
appears to me the institution of a fund like this is
of the utmost importance; The law of demand'and
supply Works admirably well with respect to mate-
rial commodities, but it ; does not work .with the
same perfection in reference to the productions of
the mind. Those works of the human mind which
are destined•tO endure are not always those which
at the first moment attract popular approbation.
(Cheers.) There are certain portions of the domain
of literature in which the efficient labourer is cer-
tain of an immediate and adequate return, but there
are other portions, not less important, in which,
irrespective of any blame to him—irrespective of
any blae to the public—it is less certain when he'
will obtsin his return. At all events, it is totally
_uncertain whether he will obtain a return at the
precise time when in obedience tO• the 'Common
necessities of our nature he may'require' it. It,
would be vain to quote :from .
,literary
stances of works which have attained world-wide
fame in after years, but which. have never 13611.-the
means of blessing theirrauthors with. prosperity or
even with , comfort. (Hear, hear.) I know riot
how far this may.be the case in the present day,
but undqubtedly in the very last generation there
were distinguished and splendid instances—aye,
and those instances iu the ,walk - of poetry, where,
as a general rule, you may look for a fairer appor-
tionment of immediate gain—Of men who, with
single-minded devotion, following the purpose of;
their hearts, but not able to meet the. calls of the
market, produced works which an inner instinct
told the* were worthy to live, and would live, but
which would not, at all events for a time, afford
the, means of life to their authors. (Hear, hear.)
Now, I apprehend that it is a • special 'purpose of
this fault-to meet the cases of necessity which

aiise am,
been to t
of work

ing those persons whose vocation it has
pplythemselves less to that description
which is called for by the itnme-

diato tasl
perhaps
illustrati
count of
ti,on, and
during ti
'authors

,e of the public than to more solid, thotigh
less attractive productions. I have an
mat hand. I have before me the laSrf ac-,
the distributionof the funds of thii institu-
I Ana that the two largest,sums awarded
Le year 1858 were £330 and £315 respec-
t(' both these &mounts were granted to the
f-works of a description that is not always

itrunedia e _
ly popular, relating chiefiy,to scie,uce and
art, No , this is one of the purpOses which is served
by such an institution as the Literary Fund:lf
there be danger with respect to the solid 'part of
literatur at all times, •I am afraid that undoubtedly
€ „thatllan er is aggravated by the circumstances of
the pres nt day. We live in times when there'has
been a vionderful multiplication of the branches of
knowledge. There is, in fact,: the greatest contrast
between the condition or the educated man of' the
well present ay and the edUcated man of former times.'
If vie-go back for a tesir, centuries-4f we go back'
;even for few generations, we shall find, that the
well-edu ated man of those
,days was a man in pOs-•
session o all the knowledge of his time.. We know
:perfeetl_become entirely
hopeless. Theexpansion of the sea of information is
such tha it has becomeimposssible to traverse it ;
arid Wh4e the numberof Men who can now be called
'yvell-eduOtpd in the high sense of possessinga gene-
ral command of knowledge is extremely limited, we
have to fear that as time goes on we shall' see more
and More of Specialty-i-more and more of division of
labour—haore and more, it is to be apprehended, of
slight and superficial information, and less 'of com-
prehensite. training, and of those commanding
views n,cessarily resting upon the pOssession. of
severe and profound, as well -as of slight accomp7
lishments, which formed the bases of • the colossal
• structures of the fame of 'the great then of fernier
days. (Cheers.) There are' certain _ causes in,ope-
ration with continually increasing power Fhich tend
to draw us in a direction adverse to that 'conCefitia-
tion of thought which is necessary to all.sound pro-
ductions in the regions of literature. In the simple
but emphatic language of Wordsworth—

"The world idto; mueh with us; late and soon
Getting and spending- welay waste our powers.
Little we see in nature that is ours •
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon."
Now, whatever tends—as this institution tends—to
maintain the vital warmth of the heart involves in
it, as I think, a principle of soundness, and consti-
tutes a witness on behalf of the deep student, the
laborious thinker, as contrasted with the mere fol-
lower of those pursuits which happen to be con-
nected with an immediate popularity. lam happy
to think that, as this institution professes to extend
your bounty to other countries, so it possesses in it-,
self a character peculiarly English. It is a remark-
able feature of English character and life that so
much is done in this country by means of free and
voluntary association; and, in addition to its other
merits, I think one possessed by the Literary Fund
is, that while its character associatess it with other
countries, it is eminently national. It is among us,
perhaps, more than in any other country that a
peculiar danger of the age prevails. It is here that
material development runs its most rapid race. It
is the immense spirit of enterprise—the unbounded
development of trade and. commerce—the practical
energy of the Englishman, which, while they secure
to him and his countrymen a great predominance
in the affairs of mankind, are likewise continually
tending to lead him away from the more tranquil
pursuits to which you seek to administer either re-
wards or relief. (Hear, hear.) Let me say on behalf
of my own countrymen one word at least, and I may
say it with the less reluctance, because I owe the
remark to a distinguished foreigner. It is an histo-
rian, as I may say, of our Universities—the only
person who has entered deeply into the remarkable
records of their growth, their life, and their expe-
rience through the long ages for which they have
lasted and have dispensed rich stores of knowledge
and civilisation—who has told us what I am about
to say. He is no Englishman ;heis a German. I
allude to the distinguished writer, M. Huber.
Comparing the studies and acquirements of Eng-
land with the studies and acquirements of Germany,
he says, " You Englishmen depreciate yourselves
because the catalogue of your authors is more
scanty than the catalogue of authors in Germany.
In Germany almost every educated man is an author.
In England you have a very large class of educated
men of letters, and who have either never put pen
to paper, or at any rate have never put paper to the
press." This is true, and I think it is a just and
laudable distillation, which England may claim,
that ,in all the walks and professions-of life—whe-
ther you take your statesmen, your divines, your
.physicians, your lawyers, or go into what class you
will—you will find large numbers of men who are
enjoying the benefits of true literary cultivation,"
.kg sataronudnadrdtshoefm tthhoeuignlfli tu
ea.
nnede
ooff
pluanre:
taste, reaping all the advantage of that mental dis-
cipline thati flows from a true andel "solida training,e
ta
idd
ewahtoh a constitute n
thes ti tmuteereaelssof author
literary
class
ss
in h
coun-
try. Now, if this be so, ours is a country more
r ttrye x
where
such an institution as that the anniversary of
which we are now celebrating ought to be well and
liberally supported. Here you have an unbounded
accumulation of wealth; 'here you have immense
means of education—imperfectly used and imper-
fectly developed ; but still I trust in course of pro-
gress towards more effective use and more complete
development. Here you have still subsisting those
old foundations which the wisdom of former times
set apart with a view to the prosecution of learning
—still doing good where they are effective, and still
capable of improvement where they areless effective
than they should be. Here you have the old tra-
ditions of education, and the civilisation with which
it is connected: I rejoice to think that in this coun-
try that for the first time the happy idea has been
conceived of founding an institution for the pur-
pose of ministering to the peculiar needs and claims
of authors, and I feel a profound conviction that in
this country, too, no insurmountable difficulty will
be experienced in providing funds for that institu-
tion with so liberal a hand that it will become truly
adequate for the great purposes with which it was
established. (Loud cheering.) .
The toast having been duly honoured. ,
Mr. R. BELL made a brief statement of the pro-
gress of the institution. From 1790 to 1858 the
amount appropriated to the recipients of the fund
was £51,345. Between 1839 and 1858, a period of
20 years,.during wbrich the fund had been under its
present management, £26,775 had been- thus ap-
plied. In the first 39 years the amount bestowed ii
grants was £24,570, while in the last 20 years it
had reached £26,775, showing an excess in the lat-
ter as compared with the former period of £2,200.
In the first ten years from 1839 the grants had
amounted to 411,970, while, in the last ten years
skheY'hit ad'kil6nnted"to'tl4;Bos.- lfitieffVe"
lyears from 1849 the grants had been £6,825, and

t
the is £7,980. The grants
had amp.,
£1,225, in 1857 to £1,780'
1858 to largest annual sum evei a S
buted from the fund.
The Earl of Ripon proposed in complin ten tart'
terms, " The Health of the Chairman," rp_
turned thanks. •
Mr. Forsyth then gave,
." The Literature of F*.
reign countries," the toast being acknowledi ;ed by
Prince Frederick of Holstein.
Among,the -other toasts were, " The Metill crs of
Parliament who honoured the Meeting -wit h their
Presence," proposed by Lord Headley apd ws,pcltdei
to by Mr: 'J.' Wilson ; TheWritersion S cietlec,"
proposed byl Vice-Chancellor.* J. Stitart,..and
,ac-
knowledged. by Professor Owen •' " The Literat 4r.
of Great Britain," proposed by Mr. K. Macauk br,
and acknowledged by Mr. Thackeray ; and " 7 lie-
Colonies," proposed by the Rev. E. Hawkins, a> ld
responded to by Mr. Justice Haliburton. • -

THE LOSS OF P.m.s HEIION.

A court-martial comprising Capt. G. T. Gordon"
H,M.S. Asia, president ;Capt. Sir W. Hoste, Bart.,.
IL Harris, A. Farquhar, R. S. Hewlett, C. 8., 1-
, Hope, T. Wilson, W. Edmonstone, J. Frere, and R.
B. Crawford, assembled yesterday on board H.M.S..
Victory, flag ship, Portsmouth, to try Mr. Mindry ,
gunner, the only surviving officer, and the surviv,-
ing crew of her Majestys late brig Heron, for this
loss of that vessel:
• The court having beensworn, Mr. Min.dry's lots
ter reporting the circumstances attending the less
of the Herian (which has been already published)
was'read. by 'Mr. Hellyeri the:Deputy Judge-Advc
cate.
- •
Mr. Mindry and the survivers,of the crew having
stated that they, had no complaint to make the on e
against the other in respect' to the'loss of the vessel,
the-court was cleared; and ,On its, re-opening th p
nrpw 'were acquitted, theiourt:being of opinionthait,
if blame were a-W*44N( 40. any person it coati
`be tk.) Mr, Mindry, •
•
Mr. Mindry. was thettPUt upon lila trial.
. James !White, quartermaster, was the first wit-
ness examined.. He said=4 was qUarterrnaster of
her Majesty's brig Heron on. the 9th, of May last.
It was my morning watch on that day. r have
heard the letter read from the gunner. 1?,,o the best
of my knowledge I believe the contents to be true.
The officer of the morning watch on the 9th of May-
Was Mr. Blair, mate. Mr. Eden, the boatswain, was
also on deck. I did not see the captain on deck that. •
morning. _ The sleop was wider topgallant Sails,
'Single-reefed: topsail, courses, jib and boom main-
sail. I observed in the weather indicationi of a tor-
nado coming on. At kquarter before five I called
the. first lieutenant. He came on deck, and ordered
the ropes to be coiled up. Mr. Blair told him we
had better shorten sail. He replied,. Pooh,.ppoh
it will be nothing." There were appearanges of
the squall coming on-three quarters of an hour be.
fore the accident occurred. If. sail had been shor-
toned in time I think .the accident would net haye
taken place,: We encountered, a worse squall on.
the-Sunday morning previous. We took in the
courses. and topgallant 8-ails,: lowered . the,
topsail and boom-mainsail, hauled down the jib,and..-.
kept the vessel before the squall. The ship was, :
fore the -wind at four o'Clock. The istitiall struck the -•
ship on thOjeam. The helm was put Axp pre*fotts-to2,
the squall striking her. T heard the-squall on the'
water about two minutes before it Struhk-,-theiressel..-mr:
Rain accompanied the squall, but. I did hot IrgtiFp
any thunder or lightning. None 'of the sheets:444,l'4 ;
_haulyards were let go until. it 'was too late. At
abOut five minutes' -before five I hove thellog4,
ship' was going four knots. I reported the same to.
Mr. Blair at the gangway, and just as I got litiek to
the helm Mr. Blair sung out, " Mind your helm I"
I answered " All right, sir." I took the wheel from
the man at the helm, and he assisted me to pit the ,
helm up. In less than a minute afterwards the ship,' I
Was on her sails in the water. I was thrown on the
wheel. I then got hold of the fun, passed- through
the port on the ship's upper side, and assisted to
clear away the boat. As the brig sunk we pushed
off with 23- men in the boat. We could find no
'crutches in the boat, and I cut up the pendant of
the mast to make gummets. While I was doing.. ,
that the captain was picked up ; also Pinhorii, the
quartermaster.
By the Court—The first-lieutenant was eideek-at -
the moment 6f the accident. Ile did dot hear him
give any order to shorten sail, nor did he see hew or
when the captain got on deck. Thiel*? rotas et lI
of. provisions at the time of the accident. lire ]lion
board about two or three weeks provisions and water,
Nothing give way when the squall struck her.
About 20minutes elapsed between her being thrown
-onher beaiii ends and her foUndering. About ten
minutes elapsed between 'the time when the first
lieutenant ordered the ropes to be coiled up, and the
squall striking the ship. Dirknat as the squall came
neat• hear any order given, to, get the ropes doyn.
Only two of the watch beloW got on deck before the
ship foundered. When the ctffiesr of the watch told
the first lieutenant to shorten sail, witness was by
the side pf the man at the wheel. Mr. Blair and the
first lieutenant were standing at the binnacle. He
did not know whether the officer called the captain.
Mr. Blair was officer of the watch when the ship
was taken by a squall on the previous Sunday.
The captain had to abuse him then. The captain
ordered the sail to be shortened on the Sunday.
The cause of his abusing Mr. Blair was because he
did not give his orders quick enough. The ship
was on the morning of the accident about 200 miles
to the southward of Sierra Leone. They 'were
making a passage. They
~were coming from As-
cension, and had been 16 'or. 17 days out. When•
the squall struck the ship they were on the star-
board tack.

Mr. Mindry here said—l have no questions to
ask witness, but he has omitted to state we could
get neither provisions nor water at Ascension.
We had but 30 days' supply on board, 20 of which
were consumed when the vessel was lost.
Two other witnesses were called, whose evidence
was in a great measure corroborative of that of the
quartermaster. Neither of them, however, was in
a position to hear the conversation between Mr.
Blair and the first lieutenant with reference to
shortening sail, but James Bartlett, who did duty
on board the Heron as captain of the maintop, said
that on the morning of the accident he heard Mr.
Blair say to the officer of the watch, " You had
better keep the ropes down, sir." This witness
also said he was not surprised that sail was not
shortened before the squall struck the ship, because
weatherap tain
up
had
Mr. Blair was very much in the habit of " carrying
o n . ''
at
all O n
hours
so other e
trhe hand,
nighth he had seenthe the
been threatening. When the squall was approach-
ing on the Sunday, the captain ordered everything
hMseirnvdatirye, n on
to being
offer to astkhee d
court
,if he
said—On
aiadd— any
a
to be taken off the ship, and the helm put up. The
captain was very careful in carrying sail.
Mr.
fur-
ther observation
forenoon of Sunday, the Bth, the day previous to
the accident, Mr. Blair was officer of the watch,
and he was so reluctant in shortening sail that the
captain spoke sharply to him, and said, " The sails
ought to have been shortened before, and the men
out of the wet." It was invariably the captain's
practice to shorten sail before the squallcame near,
and send the men under the forecastle out of the
wet.
The court was then closed. Oh its re-opening
the Deputy Judge-Advocate, Mr. Heller, read the
"finding," which was to the following effect :
The court was of opinion that the loss of H.M.'s
brig Heron was caused by foundering at sea, in a
heavy squall, owing to the officer in charge if the "
deck not taking sufficient precaution by shortening
sail, although the squall gave sufficient warning of
its approach. The court was further of opinion
that no blame was attributable to Mr. Mindry, and
adjudged him to be fully acquitted.

GARIBALDI'S P.ROCLAMATRON TO
THE INHABITANTS OF BJ?ESCIA.

The following proclamation has been addressed
to the inhabitants of Brescia by General Gari-
baldi :
" The joyous demonstrations with which you have
received the Chasseurs of the Alps, give new proof
of your patriotic enthusiasm. The sublime apes-
tacle which your city presented the instant that
the, sound of the alarm bell was heard, has shown
that you are worthy of your renown. Hastening
at the first cry, with the Chasseurs of the Alps, you
showed that, as jealous guardians of your recovered
independence, you were resolved to defend it with
your lives, to consecrate
eilloiuti
rnwr:iitsthty
,yt
bhoueustrefbulge• oi
tdi
v.
countries Gbal ()liar yar
to the Brescians !
notse
winthheeonwasetay of retreat, leave, wherever
wh. The r
mihne eopnse enwmi
nnyog
exe-
crable domination,ygo, tracesofnow.their finally barbarity
ariotyveartnhdrotvhne, n
e
moment has come for accomplishing the country's
vengeance, for fighting in the name ofth yeougribbrobothtserosf,
dead on the battle-field or upon
Mantua—forglory.
To
cothnte rageinuing
oy four splendid tradition s
of
your forced to abandon this beautiful
country for ever,
hasten to augment theranks
enemies, who aro
of the volunteers.
The tri-colour banner, the idol of our hearts, floats
over-your heads, and you command the love and
the courage of the country.
" Let the glorious Italo-French armies in deliver-
ing you from your enemies find you worthy of your
liberators. .
(Signed) 6; General ,GARIBALDI. ';
v.
, 1, " Commissioner of,h YEA
is SgainiaßlT 0.44.11111.14
tlt''""° A4oduf 13EA.BratrAwatl.
" Brescia, rune 13, 1859."