The Sun.
London, England, 1832-01-06 00:00:00

vvivi icrpeci, LO tne relative functions
of Grand Jurors and Magistrates. We have
no hesitation in saying that the Grand Jury are
deserving of great praise for their spirit in expos-
ing the abuses which are forced on their
notice. The threat of the Chairman, that
if they continue to censure the conduct of Ma-
gistrates, access to the prisons should, in future,
be denied to them, was anything but dignified or
becoming. How are Magistrates to be kept in
check, if notice is not taken of abuses like that
of the female groundlessly committal for trial ?
As to prosecuting a Magistrate for misconduct,
the Chairman knows, that without gross wicked-
ness be added to gross stupidity, a Magistrate
cannot be reached.—Morning Chronicle.

The official accounts of the revenue for the
quarter ended last night have been published,
and': will be found in another column of our Paper.
These tables show, as is to be expected, when
the repeal of taxation is becoming every day
more tangible, a considerable falling off of
public income, both as respects the late quarter
and the preceding year, to which the same term
just completed corresponds. The decrease, as
between the two years ended severally Jan. 5,
1831, and Jan. 5, 1832, is 3,984,1751., and
between the two last quarters of each year
903,2181. The principal deficiency continues
to present itself under that head from which the
" beer" and other duties have been taken—the
" excise," which shows upon the whole year a
falling off of 2,564,9001., and upon the last
quarter of 565,646/. Next is the " Customs,"
which for the whole year, as compared with the
last, are short in receipts to the amount of
1,006,8461., and for the quarter of 840,972/.
The Assessed Taxes also appear to have pro-
duced upon the year 149,0631., and upon the
quarter 80,768/., less than in the corresponding
periods of last year ; and " Miscellaneous"
191,980/. upon the year, and 30,1571. upon the
quarter, less, by the same comparison. The only
increase which appears is in the revenue of the
" Post-office," which is better by 32,9951. upon
the whole year than it was the last, though upon
the quarter there appears (probably from the new
arrangements, intended for public accommoda-
tion), a falling off of 2,005/. The " Stamps"
account presents a mixed result, as it appears
that, though deficient by 104,381/. upon a com-
parison of the whole year, there has been an
improvement in this branch of the revenue during
the last quarter of 16,3301. It will be seen,
however, that the charge upon the Consolidated
Fund continues to be reduced in pace with the
falling off of the income, the surplus of receipt
over expenditure for the last quarter being
3,672,057/., or, in round numbers, 1,200,000/.
greater than in the preceding quarter. The
amount of the Exchequer Bills to be re-issued
to provide for these deficiencies in the present
quarter is fixed at 5,626,2511.—M0rn. Herald.
The revenue statement for the year and
quarter just ended is given in another part of
our Paper, and the public will see with appre-
hension and despondency that the decline con-
tinues to an unprecedented extent. On the
quarter every item presents a decrease, except-
ing the Stamps ; and the total decrease is
903,218/. On the year there is a decrease in
every item, excepting the Post-office, which pre-
sents a trifling increase of 32,995/. The total
decline on the year is to the alarming amount of
nearly 4,000,0001. The reductions, effected
with so little skill by the Whig Administration,
are very far from accounting for this result. No;
the energies of the country, great as they are,
are paralysed, and its very resources almost de-
stroyed, by the agitation, the distrust, and
the confusion, which the ruinous projects of
the Government, together with its weakness
and incapacity, have introduced into every
relation of society and every department of
trade and commerce. The immense relief af-
forded to the country by the Wellington Admi-
nistration in the year 1830, and previously,
renders the reductions effected by its successors
thoroughly insignificant. The remission of
taxation in the former instance might, indeed,
have explained and justified a falling off in the
revenue almost equal to that exhibited in the
present statement. Let us, however, compare
the official returns for the years ending at the
four quarters preceding the agitation of the Re-
form Bill, with the four succeeding the intro-
duction of that measure, and let us profit by the
inference :

DECRZAI;E.
Year ending April 5, 1830 864,349
July 5 690,980
Oct. 10 943,756
Jan. 5, 1831 640,450
_ _

It is proper of course to include the returns
up to the beginning of last year, since, though
the Whig Ministry had been in office for five or
six weeks, they had had no opportunity, up to
that period, of rashly or ignorantly meddling
with the finances ; they had not sown perplexity
and discord throughout the country by their
Revolutionary Bill, and, in fine, the influence of
the happy policy and judicious measures of the
Anti-Reforming Administration was as yet un-
impaired. The revenue had in fact virtually in-
creased during all this period. We proceed to
the years ending on the four following quarters :
DECREASE.
Year ending April 5, 1931 1,134,947
July 5 1,656,282
Oct. 19 3,072.201
Jan. 5, 1832 3,984,175
Crescit eundo. As the rash and incapable
Whigs proceed in their course, the affairs of the
kingdom over which they unhappily preside be-
come more and more gloomy. In April, when
they had been a quarter of a year, and in July,
when they had been half a year, in office, they
had progressively marred the good effects result-
ing from the policy of their predecessors. In
October, the Whigs having three quarters of
the year ending at that period to answer for, the
bid appearance which the revenue had previously
presented becomes materially worse ; and now
having held a office a full year, and the effect of
their measures beinggeneraliy felt, the statement
of revenue during a year of a Reforming Go-
vernment, as compared with the preceding year
under a Tory Government, exhibits a deficiency
which must fill with alarm the mind of every
considerate person, and, if any thing can, will
open the eyes of all men to the true merits of the
present Ministry and to the real tendency of their
desperate schemes.—Morning Post.

All doubts respecting the result of Lord Grey's
interview with the King at Brighton on Tuesday
appear to be at an end. The good nature of
the Monarch has yielded to the subtle impor-
tunities of the Minister ; and it is finally deter-
minen that the Peerage of the empire is to be
degraded by an unexampled increase of its num..
ber, for the purpose of enabling Lords Grey and
Durham to carry their revolutionary project into
effect, How the Premier will be able to recon-
cile his conduct in this instance with his un-
equivocally expressed sentiments against its lega-
lity on a recent occasion remains to be seen. But

nothing can prevent him from standingbefore Par-
liament and the country a self-confessed violator
of the Constitution, after his open and candid ad-
mission in the House of Lords, that any increase of
the Peerage with a view to carry a disputed
question between the two Houses of Parliament
would be in the highest degree unconstitutional.
The loss of character which must thus inevitably
arise to his Lordship is a consideration of per-
fect insignificance in comparison with the tre-
mendous evils to be inflicted upon the State by
the revolutionary measure which is the end and
the object of his perfidy. Betrayed as we are
doomed to be by a Ministry perhaps the most
selfish and imbecile that ever oppressed the
country,: we have only, in so alarming a crisis
of our fate, to invoke Divine protection to an
injured King, and safety, as far as it can be af-
forded under such occurrences, to a people about
to be deprived of all hitherto held dear by them,
and which they were led to hope was a sacred
inheritancOlerived from the valour and wisdom
of their foliefathers.—Moriling Post.
THE-At EVENT H PLAGUE—TOBACCO

SMOKING.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Stit,—No man can be insensible to the change he
feels in escaping from a place where the air is cor-
rupted to another where the air is pure. It is a re-
lief from impending suffocation. The difficulty with
which the machine of life is worked in an atmos-
phere loaded with impurities is evident, not only
among our own species, but even in the vegetable
kingdom. The sickliness and dwarfishness of
flowers and plants raised in towns are as remarkable
as the similar falling off among people bred in crowded
cities. How much, then, is it to be lamented that
in London, the greatest city in Europe, in addition
to the necessary corruption of the air arising from
the breathing and exhalations of twelve hundred
thousand inhabitants, and from the baneful smoke
from several hundred thousand coal fires, the im-
portation of a foreign vice should daily set ten thou-
sand pair of lungs at work, in superailding to the
deleterious compound we breathe—the poisonous
smoke of tobacco. That tobacco smoke is a most
poisonous effluvia, that it renders the air unfit for
the support of animal life, is at once proved by the
fact of its killing outright all the smaller animals,
caterpillars, &c. which are within its reach—and
from the tat ger animals, dogs, horses, and the like,
turning away from it with evident uneasiness. Hu-
man creatures generally, until their lungs have be-
come inured to the poison, can scarcely breathe the
air which is polluted by it. Difficulty of breathing,
approaching to suffocation, and violent coughing,
with giddiness and congestion of the blood in the
regions of the lungs, heart, and brain, are symptoms
which affect even the healthy and robust, when in-
volved in an atmosphere strongly impregnated with
tobacco smoke. But with the consumptive and
asthmatic, these symptoms are so increased as to
threaten their immediate dissolution. There can be
no doubt that the irritation and spasms produced on
diseased limes by tobacco smoke hasten the deaths
of the invalids who are unfortunately exposed to its
presence, nor are the effects of the poison less marked
upon persons who have weak stomachs. I have
frequently known an excellent appetiie and an anti-
cipated good dinner completely spoiled upon the
guests at an inn being shown into a room where
some idle fellows had just been smoking cigars.
Nausea, in a greater or lesser degree, is almost
always produced on people exposed to the smoke of
tobacco, and not unfrequently the irritation produces
the convulsion of vomiting. The stomachs even of
the strong and vigorous often revolt at the pungency
and poison of tobacco-smoke; and it is only reason-
able to infer that the continual action of the effluvia
on the stomach must produce debility and the pre-
mature decay of the powers of that important organ,
with the usual train of nervous symptoms. This
has been generally observed, but latterly in a very
marked manner, at Sunderland and Newcastle ; the
victims of the malignant cholera proving to be per-
sons who were predisposed to receive the infection,
owing to a debilitated state of their stomachs, with
great nervous irritability, which persons were almost
invariably great dram-drinkers and smokers.
Wherefore is it, then, that this plague is volun-
tarily speed all over the country ? It is not brought
on for the gratification of any natural appetite, for
nature revolts at it. The first essays at smoking
produce painful sickness; arid afterward, if you ask
a smoker at a public-house why he smokes, he will
most frequently tell you that he does it in self-de-
fence, to keep himself from coughing or being made
sick in the smoke from others. It is, therefore, an
unnatural and vicious habit into which people are
led by bad examples. But the habit once acquired,
as with all other bad habits, is not very easily shaken
off. Where an indulgence is resolved on, an excuse
is never wanting. The smoker will tell you that be
smokes, as the dram-drinker will tell you that he
tipples, medicinally ! One finds the cigar or the
pipe a gentle aperient—another finds it comfort his
stomach—a third finds it warm the air under his
nose and keeps off catarrh—and a fourth finds it
throw him into a pleasing forgetfulness. These ex-
cuses one would not take the trouble to disturb if
the consequences of the vice were limited to the
person who indulged in it.
If a man chooses to embiter or shorten his own
days by a vicious gratification, let him : it is his own
affair. But the tobacco smoker takes the peculiar
unwarrantable libertyof forcing his odious does upon
all unoffending and unconsenting persons whom he
approaches. That which may be physic to him
may be poison to another. The aperient which may
suit him may aggravate the illness of another. The
Anodyne to his stomach may produce nausea and
vomiting among a dozen others about him. The
puffing which he may think bent ficial to his own
breathing is very likely to produce fits of coughing
and suffocation among half a dozen by-standers, and
the stench which may sooth him to sleepiness, Not
unfrequently irritates those whom it annoys to re-
sentment and quarrels. Here, indeed, we may see
the singular injustice of the smoker's indulgence.
Whatever little good there may be in his smoking
he keeps to himself; all that is mischievous he dis•
perses among others. The little fire under his own
nose may warm the air he breathes agreeably, and
the finer spirit of the tobacco may be a useful physic
to himself occasionally; but the unfortunate people
about, on whom he puffs the bitterness of his smoke,
neither have the benefit of the little tire, nor the
timing of the dose to their condition of body. The
acridit;es which he has blown away from himself
gurgitate about them ; and in the atmosphere so
infected by him they may cough, gasp, arid retch,
as they can—and live—or die, for aught lie cares.
Until lately we, the inhabitants of the great city,
were not without a refuge from our malaria. In a I
voyage to Margate, or a day's tide on a stage-coach,
much was done to blow off the smoke from our out-
sides, and to refresh our lungs and stomachs with a
current of uncorrupted air. But now, alas ! go
whither one may, the smoke of tobacco, like a
Sirocco of the East, or a blast from the Upas tree,
pollutes the pure air from heaven, and thieatens our
existence. The uncontaminated and invigorating
breeze, which never failed to sweep over the roof of
the stage-coach and the deck of the sailing vessel,
no longer revives the nervous or enfeebled citizen
when travelling in search of health. A set of selfish
and unfeeling brutes now infest his path, infecting
the atmosphere with the poison which they en-
gender. At first, the nuisance only appeared occa-
sionally with a foreign adventurer, or a whiskered
dandy just returned from abroad ; next we had Jew
pedlars smoking the cigars they travelled to sell by
way of sample; and an offer was usually made to
abate the nuisance if it were objected to. But now
tine nuisance is multiplied out of all bounds, and no
excuse is thought necessary. The stage-coach
whirls along, fuming like a dung-heap. The coach-
man and guard puff their cigars in your face, while
asking for a gratuity. The freshness of the sea I

breeze is no longer felt on deck, loaded, as it now is,
with tobacco smoke, in addition to the coal smoke
and grease smoke incident to steam-navigation. At
home a man has but little chance of escaping a
smoking, unless he be master of the whole house,
and then if he open a door or window, the poisonous
effluvia seldom fails to effect an entry. If he walk
in the streets, he is sure to have kis nose assailed
with the hateful odour, and he may think himself
fortunate if he do not have a smoker accompanying
his steps, and enveloping him in an atmosphere of
smoke throughout his walk. Even the ragged
urchins who are on the look-out to hold your horse,
or pick your pocket, give you a whiff of tobacco
with the offer of their services. We are now not
only all -dust, but all smoke 1.
To speak of the bad effects of tobacco-smoking
on those who practise it, is but a minor considera-
tion. They may do what they like with their own ;
yet it may be truly remarked that the keen smoker,
like the dram-drinker and the opium•eater, never
fails to suffer in his digestive powers and his
nervous system. A decided smoker is never seen
to retain a ruddy complexion. A pale, cadaverous
hue succeeds to the clear red and white of health;
or if any efflorescence remain, it is in curdled patches,
and chiefly about the nose. The listlessness and
soothing stupefaction which he covets is no more
than he might obtain from suitable doses of prussic
acid, opium, ardent spirits, or any ether of the vege-
table poisons, as well as the essential oil of tobacco.
In these ways he might please and poison himself,
without hurting his Mrighbours. The repayment in
nervousness and debility are the same. But the
smoker in his best moments is an enslaved arid de-
graded being—he can neither use his mind, his
tongue, his hands, or his limbs, with the activity of
other men. His smoke enshrouds him in not only
a selfish, but an anti-social feeling—he cares not
what happens to others, so that he and his cigar
are suffered to smoke on. The best apology that
can be offered for him is, either that his mind stands
in need of forgetfulness, or that he may be one of
those whose natural effluvia being particularly offen-
sive, he may deem it no mere than decent to over-
cortio;With a still more pungent odour.
Among the commonalty this new vice acts with
peculiar virulence—while their wages are too low
to buy them a sufficiency of nourishment, it is de-
plorable to see them wasting their pittance, not only
in gin, but in tobacco-smoking, which cannot afford
diem an atom of nourishment, but which lesds them
into further expences in loss of time, drinking and
the necessity of medicine. When we see a debili-
tated mechanic a smoker, we may say, " That fellow
is in training for the cholera morbus." Whenever
we find a shop-boy or an apprentice with a cigar in
his mouth, we may fairly guess that the shop goods
or till has suffered ; and, judging upon frequent dis-
coveries, when an agricultural labourer is seen lurk-
ing about of an evening with a pipe in his mouth,
we have too much reason to apprehend that there
will he a farm-yard on tire before the morning.

To this brief catalogue of the evils inflicted on
humanity by the vice of tobacco-smoking, I may
add that of the perpetuation and extension of the
Slave TraJe, as not a cigar is burnt which has not
been produced by a slave. If that consumption
were foregone, it is self-evident that the demand for
slaves would to a considerable extent cease.

To set limits to this growing vice is, therefore,
an object of very general interest. So far as regards
the smokers themselves, I would proceed no further
against their free agency than the power of persua-
sion. Temperance Societies or Anti-Smoking So-
cieties might be of much use. But to protect the
public, who are not smokers, from the nuisance of
those who are so, something more is necessary.
We have a right to the air we breathe pure and un-
defiled, as God has given it for our use. No man
has a right to empoisun it for the gratification of his
own wantonness or vice. But as it is the peculiar
character of the vice of tobacco-smoking to cast its
worst effects on persons who are not parties to the
practice, and as it is also a character of the persons
who indulge in that vice to be particularly regard-
less of the feelings of others, I ask for a legislative
protection against their acts—l ask for a prohibi-
tion of tobacco-sm: king in all public places and con-
veyances, on all highways, and also in all buildings
which are in a plurality of occupations, and in which
all the occupiers are not consenting to the practice,
and in all hotels, inns, and public-houses, excepting
in such rooms as have legibly written on the outside
of their doors the words " Smoking Rooms." With
these defences provided for the innocent, let the
smokers smoke on, if they are so unfortunate as to
desire ir, in rooms devoted to their nuisance, or in
walks, by themselves alone.
Whether any person of sufficient weight may
take up this question to give it a legislative sup.
port, I know not : but in the meantime, I submit
hat we ought to oppose the smoking nuisance by
all the means we may now legally possess. I have
no doubt that we may legally refuse to proceed in a
stage-coach in or on which smoking is suffered; that
we may quit a room in an inn or public-house,
without paying for refreshments ordered, but not
used, if smoking be introduced into such room ;
and that we may thrust from us, in any public place
or highway, any pipe or cigar from which the smoke
of tobacco is blown under our noses, and to our an-
noyance.—l am, &c.
A MAGISTRATE FOR MIDDLESEX.

PARISH OF ST. SAVIOUR, BOROUGH.

A vestry meeting of this parish was held yester-
day, chiefly for the purpose of considering the pro-
priety of accepting the offer of the city of London
to effect an opening at the Borough side of London-
bridge to the Church of St. Saviour, by throwing
down the present Spiritual Court, pursuant to a par-
ticular clause in the London-bridge Act. The chair
was taken about eleven o'clock by WILLIAM DAVIS,
Esq., the Warden of the Great Account, and the
meeting was attended by nearly 100 of the most in-
fluential and respectable parishioners.
Mr. WESTON moved, and Mr. BENJAMIN WOOD
seconded, " That the offer of the city of London
should be accepted, and that the Court should, as
soon as possible, be pulled down."
Mr. AmBLEToN moved an amendment, and was
seconded, at considerable lenwh, by Mr. SAUNDERS,
the attorney—that the question, for the present,
should he postponed, till the city of London should
furnish the spec fic plans of the intended improve-
ments or alterations which they have promised. It
was in this Court (said Mr. Saunders) that the
famous Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, had con-
demned so many during tile time of Queen Mary to
the flames of Smithfield, so that it might be con-
sidered a curiosity to the historian and traveller.
Mr. ELLIS contended, that for that very reason
the sooner the better the remnants of the infernal
pandemonium were destroyed. The register of those
acts is a stain upon the page of history—the struc-
ture where they were committed is a stigma on the
localities and improvements of the city.
After some discussion, the amended resolution for
postponing the final agreement with the London-
bridge Committee was ultimately carried.

his age,
witii a
THE LATE MR. BOYD !—This unfortunate
and murdered gentleman, who has ben made the victim
of FERDINAND'S intolerant and bloody despotism, contrary
to all justice, in direct defiance of the law of nations, and
in open violation of the faith of treaties, was a British
subject, and a native of this country, He was born i❑
the county of Derry• and was a brother to Mr. W. Born,
the barrister.--Dublin Evening Mail.
The distinguished physician, who is said to
take both sides on the Reform question, justifies himself
on the score of precedent in the other two learnie‘ldr.p
,ions—in one the Vicarage of Braey.tsitlaentFisriashptroFvearrbnila,l
monument of pliability of opinion, while Counsellor
Either-side is not less characteristic of the easy versati-
liinty
Died,ui()afstvlkl gentlemenuarsie widtahyoefs the I
st7eitnhl long
arrao btoifn
n
JOHN
BARROW, a farmer of the old school. The deceased was
drawn from his residence to the burial ground by threw
ppraeirviooftnoxreeniunetstta.ehed to a waggon,