The Sun.
London, England, 1859-12-14 00:00:00

771 E AMERICAN AND CHINESE

TREATY.

The Washington correspondent of the New P 1.16
_Herald gives the following outline of the American
and Chinese treaty :
" The European press, especially the British, hay:
ing, with a malicious pride and jealousy, attempted
to depreciate and ridicule the position of Mr• Ward,
our Minister to China, and the results of his labours,
it is gratifying to be able to inform you that the
treaty negotiated by Mr. Reed, now in the State
Department, is quite satisfactory to our Govern-
ment ; and, indeed, instead of having to
rest
upon the most favoured nation clause, and conse-
quently upon the ratification of the English and
French treaties for any advantages of enlarged
intercourse, as has been asserted by a malignant
foreign press, we have obtained all we could desire
in the body of the treaty, fully set forth in a
rather lengthy document. Besides, in the rescriPt
of the Emperor of China, which accompanies the
treaty, of which he ordered the Great Seal of the
Empire to be attached, and the exchange of the
treaties, is expressed the most friendly language
towards our country and Government. It is
dignified and well expressed, entirely divested
of that extravagant hyperbole which we consider
characteristic of the Chinese. No American or
English statesman could have set forth the reasons
for ordering an exchange of treaties with more good
priety, or in a clearer manner. The stamp of goo.
faith and directness of purpose is on its face. In
this rescript the conduct of the English at the Pei"
and throughout is set forth by way of compariso!,
placing the conduct of the Americans in juxta-pesl:
tion, to show his good faith, and why the English
and French failed to have their treaties exchanged'
and the reason for ordering the exchange Of the
American treaty."

APPROACHING EXECUTION OF 014.

JOE BRowN.

According to our latest advices from Arael
there is a good deal of excitement exhibiting itself
as the time draws nigh for the execution of Brown'
and extraordinary precautions are being take„
against the possibility of any attempt at resew
being successful. A "orrespondent writes thus ou
the subject from Harper's Ferry :
"The arrangements for Brown's execution are now nearly
completed, and every precaution has been taken to g2s`-
..

against a surprise or disturbance of any kind.
" I have just learned that the most stringent regulatic°lB e"
have been adopted in regard to the presence of civilians
the execution. All applications for passes for civilians to
attend within the military lines are refused by the Govert°'
on the ground that it would conflict with the military
gramme. He said that no civilian could, under anY um-
curastances, be admitted within the military lines, the outNeret
one of which would be nearly a mile from the scaffold.
a word of what John Brown may utter, if he should sill
anything, will, therefore, be audible to the men fooling
even the line next the gallows. f all
" Governor Wise stated the cause of this exclusion 0 f
persons other than the military to be, that in the event
an attempted rescue, an order to fire upon the prisoner wl
be given, and that those within the lines, especially thos
sufficiently near the gallows to hear what Brown inaY saY'
would share sf.
" Thisnev willbly hi
give you anate idea of what the authorities °f
Virginia think of this affair. The imposing solennlitY
the occasion will indicate to the North the feeling here ri
O
this matter."
Another at Charlestown pens the following
" On Saturday and Sunday the town was crowded iv
strangers and soldiers. tion • of
" Extensive preparations are making for the recep
additional military forces, which are hourly e2CpeCt°Cl.
"
" The churches have all been taken possession of for bar
racks. r
Sentinels nightly fire at imaginary foes, and a 1111— e
of citizens have narrowly escaped their bullets. t,. xis
" On Sunday night the military confidently expec
attack, and the sentries were doubled. No disturbers er

peared, however.
" It is stated on good authority that Governor Wise hit°
sent spies into Ohio and Pennsylvania, om and it is fr WO
oving
reports that large bodies of me are arming audeo
towards Virginia, that the military forces are being

largely augmed.
" About,7oo nte
additional trop s have arrived here spa
Saturday, including two companies from Virlieeliug; 13°
we now have about 1,500 soldiers under arras."

IN I I •
ANCE
THE SALE 01' BREAD 1.217 FR

The Constitutionnel has an article of
• _______+—
such interest
to the public—the moderate price of bread ill rat:
of scarcity—that we consider an extract or tvi.oo
worth giving. Our French contemporary el‘Plalin
in the following terms the system now acted on
Paris : Coir
" The fundamental principle of this system.hj
sists in selling bread below the market Priebeow
times of scarcity, and above it when corn is, a the
dant and cheap, so that the sacrifices made II!. ob•
former case may be compensated by the p.refil'oed
tamed in the latter. The idea is ingenious• Too
was all the more likely to be viewed With f...,„f' det
by the administration of the city of Paris, "". it
the department of the Seine, from the fact tha.;oo
has always been found necessary in dear tii ie.
to have recourse to expensive means of rt. 0,0.
ing the necessitous portion of the population. dire
ever, before taking any decided step in thet..;ood.
lion, the facts of the case were closely exe'c'ejor
The statistics collected by the Prefect of the .
~„, 825
showed that during a period of 30 years, from
to 1853, the dearness above 80c. for the 41b. sap'had been, as near as possible, balanced by the chi:, arni
ness below 60c. Hence it followed that if the of
bakers had been authorised during that interv:_of,
30 years never to sell bread below 60c. the 4lb" 'lva
they would have been able, by properly unlPlSice
the sums thus reserved, to sell their bread at a. rfset
never exceeding the maximum of 80e. Tuetion.
was encouraging, and the system of compenea
was accordingly adopted and applied."
A great objection brought against the sYetenli°
shown to be ill-founded : the
"It was pretended that after authorising_ of
sale of bread at a reduced price during yells to
scarcity, the administration would not be a the
impose a higher price in years of abundan7 if
1 ;sow
compensation would, therefore, be found ii,..uo de.
could never be realised, and the finances of tudebt.
partment would be burdened with a heal their
The pessimists, it must be admitted, had it i,I.
ones'
own way at first, for the food crisis was of 0 owl
ampled duration. We must go back for rilorr, bar
a century to find such a continuance of sho.uei 0
vests. The disbursements, therefore, attain Zoo
figure far higher than was anticipated, the leas
to 11?ota of
advanced during the scarcity amounting
than 53,000,000 f. But at last, after the perti. , the
the lean kine, came that of the fat ones, a
_e.inii,
system began to operate in favour of the
criv•_'do ,
nistration. The period of repaY
and the compensation of the advance
mans of
•
during the bad years was pursued
by
illeablic the
slight addition to the price of bread, the pang soh
whole time being hardly aware that anY
operation was in progress. n describe('
went con% 10_0
"The total amount recovered by the plot not less
above had reached on the 31st October more wore than
than 331- millions of francs, so that
20 millions remain to be made up, h end of the
a half of which will be furnished by ti--e ,e otiose
'dental to tii
current year. The expenses incidental ,e ,ystern ill
de la Boulangerie, by means of which tu
rY Seri°lle
worked out, have been alleged as a theve present
drawback, and it appears that up to
st on t'e
time the whole cost for salaries and intere_chea on
money taken up by that instit • • ution has re' nor
t eery n
sum of 11-1 millions. The whole ainou.___,e to be
quently which remains at the present u.",', ;00—.4
made up is in round numbers about 31. In_isL.e"rs, pro-
:111: million and
large sum, no doubt, but which there u
is
reaseatible
spect of reducing completely within a
contriniew
time, should Providence only vouchsafe a
0 or A—
ante of harvests like those of the last thre
years."
.---......

STATE OF TRADE.'
LEEDS, Dec. markets to-dayr bane .
13..---4,-----.—The
cloth
tone, and a satisfactory
been firm in amount fif
to
ousiness has been done. New goods are not rae:
the halls in any large quantities, the groves'
part of the business being done by orders aud diree_g.
deliveries from the manufacturers to the roerclutlT
The demand for cloth for the rifle corps is in'
creasing, but that demand is made off them -r7h;
little or none of the required kinds being
halls. Wools continue very firm in price.
lien
ROCHDALE, Dee. 12 .—The flannel and Nvo—
here continues very active, but there has been
_,.
a slight falling off in the export demand. I_l4_,
home trade, however, is good,
can sell most of their productions without cA-133ti34
to market. Yorkshire goods sell more freely' ti1,,,,,ai
prices. Wools are steady in price, but ale iv'
dealers are not selling much. and man ufaeturievr:

rivale had,
NEW ZEALAND.—The following* ar.- oleh Os
taken place at Auckland, New Zealand, prior to
1, Ocean,'
&plumber :—The British Queen, the Spray of
the Sir George Pollock, the Mataoka—all frota
il,°o/Idori
and the Tornado, from Liverpcol.