The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-19 00:00:00

RAILWAYS.
Cash.

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)
(Per City of Washington.)
NEW YORK, Jan. 6 (Noon).
Southern advises are very meagre. The fears lately so
generally entertained at the South of a negro insurrection
seem to have nearly subsided, and it is now believed that
no formidable conspiracy of that character has existed. Of
the numerous disturbances that occurred during the holi-
days none were believed to have resulted from other than
local causes. At New Orleans a severe fight took place
between some white stevedores and a party of some 600
negroes, the latter having attempted to drive the steve-
dores from their work. The police finally dispersed the
mob, and arrested some 20 of the negroes, when quiet was
restored.

Arkansas advices show that great lawlessness prevails
throughout that State, highway robberies being of com-
mon occurrence. The negroes were suffering greatly from
sickness and destitution, notwithstanding the exertions of
the Freedmen's Bureau, which was vigorously directed to
their relief.
Quite an excitement was produced recently in a Mobile
theatre by a Federal military commander ordering the
orchestra to play " Yankee Doodle." The audience hissed
the tune, while the soldiery applauded it. Quietness was
finally restored, and the play went on.
Governor Worth, the new Executive of North Carolina
on the 30th ult. issued an address to the people of that State,
congratulating them on the termination of the Provisional
Government. Ile says that having been vanquished by
the national armies they have submitted, as becomes a
brave people, and he does not believe that one North
Carolinian is unworthy of the confidence reposed in them
by the President.
Captain Raphael Semmes will soon be put upon trial'
and probably convicted, though it is said that his subse
quent pardon is certain.
Governor Fairchild, of Wisconsin, in his inaugural ad-
dress, declares that, although the war has for ever decided
the question of the right of secession, yet "not until Jef-
ferson Davis shall have been tried, convicted, and hung
for treason, and the fact that treason is a crime which can-
not be committed with impunity fully demonstrated, will
the American people be content." The Governor advo-
cates the payment of the national debt, and the granting
of full political and civil rights to the negro.
Governor Cony, of Maine, in his message, states that
Maine furnished during the late war over 71,000 men, or
Luau a iouiu or her LULaI population, 01 which num-
ber 8,446 perished on the field of battle and in hospitals.
The State expenditure during the war was about 14 mil-
lion dollars. The Governor suggests that the privilege of
the elective franchise should be extended throughout the
country to all, irrespective of colour, but that an educa-
tional qualification should be required.
Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts, in his valedictory,
address says the admission of the Southern States should
depend on the following conditions : —A guarantee of equal
civil rights to coloured persons; also the right to vote ; the
abrogation of the ordinance of secession ; the repudiation
of the rebel war debt ; and the ratification of the Anti-
slavery Amendment.
General Palmer, Federal military commander in Ken-
tucky, recently addressed about four thousand freedmen
at Louisville, congratulating them on the abolition of
slavery throughout the country, and prophesying for them
a happy future and an early recognition of all their civil
and political rights by the people of the South. General
Palmer paid a warm tribute to the kindness generally

shown by Kentuckians towards their late slaves.

The State Republican Convention of New Hampshire
recently adopted a resolution, endorsing President John-
son's, and pledging him support in his efforts to restore
harmony and mutual trust between the different sections
of the Union. Another resolution adopted denounced the
establishment of Maximilian's empire in Mexico as " a
standing insult to our power, and a menace to Republican
institutions in America."

Mr. Secretary M'Culloch's statement for the month of
December, 1865, shows the total amount of the National
debt, less the cash in the Treasury, to be two thousand
seven hundred and sixteen millions of dollars.

Both Houses of Congress re-assembled yesterday. In
the Senate, Mr. Sumner, of Massachusetts, presented a pe-
tition from negroes of Alabama and Mississippi, asking the
privilege of voting. Mr. Sumner also presented a petition
from negroes of Colorado, protesting against the recogni-
tion of that State on account of radical injustice alleged to
be (lone to the coloured race by the provisions of its newly
adopted constitution.

Mr. Chanler, of Michigan, presented a protest of citizens
of his State against a renewal of the Canadian Reciprocity
Treaty.

Mr. Sumner presented a petition from citizens of Boston
claiming indemnity from the British Government for da-
mages sustained by the depredations of the Alabama.
A proposed constitutional amendment, prohibiting the
payment by public monies of any claims for emancipated
slaves, was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
In the House of Representatives, a bill proposing that
American vessels that took foreign registers during the
war shall be prevented from renewing American charters
was refused.

Mr. Spalding, of Ohio, spoke at length upon the
Presi-
sident's Message. Ho announced his belief in the sincerity
and wisdom of the President, but thought his removal of
the provisional governors without the consent of Congress
rather an undue assumption of power.
There has just been issued from the Public Printing
Bureau the Message of the President heretofore trans-
mitted to the Senate in response to a resolution asking for
information on the subject of a decree of the so-called
Emperor of Mexico of 3d Oct. last. A copy of this decree
has already been published, and Mr. Romero, the Mexican
Minister, in calling the attention of Secretary Seward to
it and other papers in October last says—ln the usurper's
proclamation of the 2d inst. the Duke supposes, contrary
to the fact, that the Constitutional President of the
Mexican Republic had abandoned the national territory,
and from this false hypothesis he concludes that the de-
fenders of independence, whom he calls " bandits," in
obedience to orders received from the French, have no
leader. It is nothing new for the usurper to call these
patriots who sustain the cause of Mexico " bandits," nor
is it new to him to treat them as such, with a severity that
would be called excessive if applied to criminals of tho
lowest order. He showed the same determination in his
proclamation of the 3d of November last.

Now, Maximilian wishes to regulate this established
system of assassination, by a decree issued on the 3d inst.,
creating the most informal military tribunals, extending
their jurisdiction to every person in the country armed
without license from his so-called Government, regardless
of the numbers and character of the party he belongs to
In this decree, exclusively tyrannical, he condemns to
death every armed man who is not a French soldier or a
traitor, and even those who will proffer information which
may aid the defenders of their country, and sanctions se-
vere penalties for the mere act of concealing a patriot or
circulating alarming news ; and it has been carried out by
his French directors, who have been, by the system of
court martial, sending to the scaffold the captive patriots
called guerrillas, and even military officers of the National
Army who could not be called so. This extraordinary se-
verity is in open contravention to the studied mild pro-
mises made in the first proclamation on landing at Vera
Cruz, dated May 23, 1864, &c., &C.
Mr. Emu°, in another letter to Secretary Seward, dated

Nov. 20, says :—This barbarous and bloody decree, the
most cruel ever yet seen, has already begun to be exe-
cuted. It is now my painful duty to inform you that on
the 13th of October last the Generals Ortega and Salazar,
and Colonels Diaz, Paracho, Villa, Gomez, Perez, Milecua,
and Villanos, five lieut.-colonels, eight commandants, and
a number of subordinate officers, were surprised and taken
prisoners by the French forces in the town of Santa Anna,
Amatian, State of Michoacan, as appears from the official
despatch sent to the usurper, of which I inclose a copy in
French. Those generals and colonels belonged to the re-
gular army of the Republic, were officers of education and
profession, and have fought for the independence of their
country from the time the French first landed in Mexico.
These distinguished Mexicans were executed in accord-
ance with the abovenamed bloody decree of the
usurper of Mexico. I have information, of the truth of
which there unhappily is no doubt, that the two
generals and four colonels were barbarously sacrificed,
in flagrant violation of the laws of war and every
principle of justice. It further appears from the documents
that, on October 28, Charge d'Affaires Corwin informed
Mr. Seward that it had been reported at the City of Mexico
for the three preceding days, and generally believed, that
on the 21st of that month Generals Ortega and Salazar,
and the four colonels, were shot at Uruquan, but that no
official report of the execution had been published. Mr.
Corwin also refers to the first article of the decree, show-
ing that all those belonging to the armies fighting for the
Republican Government will be shot if taken prisoners by
the Imperial troops.

Mr. Seward, on the 3d of November, addressed a letter
to our Minister at Paris, saying :—" I am directed by the
President to request you to ask the serious attention of the
French Government to the military proceedings in Mexico,
by which native Mexicans taken captives while adhering in
war to their own Republican Government, aro denied
rights which the law of nations invariably accords to pri-
soners of war; and on 28th of the same month Mr. Seward
addressed another letter to Mr. Bigelow, saying :
" With reference to my despatch of the 3d inst. it is now
my painful duty to acquaint you that information has been
received from the Minister of the Republican Government
of Mexico accredited to this Government, to the effect that
the sanguinary policy referred to in the above-named
despatch has actually been inaugurated by the execution
of several distinguished officers of the Liberal forces, who
had been surprised and captured by the Impeiialists in the
town of Santa Anna, Amatian, namely, Generals Ortega
and Salszar, and Colonels Diaz, Poracho, Villa, Gomez,
Perez, Milecua, and Villanos, five lieutenant colonels, eight
commanders, and a number of subordinate officers. It
devolves upon me to instruct you again to call the serious
attention of the Imperial Government to the subject, and
to inform M. Drouyn de L'Huys that these reports have
been received with the utmost concern by the United
States. If, upon investigation, they should prove, as there
is there is too strong ground for believing that they aro
well founded, we cannot suffer ourselves to doubt, that
so far as the Government of France is concerned, it can
never countenance proceedings which are so repugnant to
the sentiments of modern civilisation and the instincts of
humanity.
Mr. Bigelow, under date of Paris, Nov. 30, 1865, writes
to Mr. Seward as follows :

Sir,—He (M. Drouyn de L'Huys) hero referred to the
representation I had made in regard to the shooting of the
Mexican prisoners taken in war, and, also, to the case of
Madame De Yturbido. " Why," he said, "do you not go
to President Juarez? We are not the Government of
Mexico, and you do us too much honour to treat us as such.
We had to go to Mexico with an army to secure certain
important interests, but we are not responsible for Maxi-
milian or his Government. He is as accountable to you, as
any other Government, if he violates its right, and you
have the same remedies these that we had."

Mr. Seward, under date of Dec. 10, informs Mr. Romero
that the latter's despatch and its accompaniments, for
which he tenders his thanks, have received the considera-
tion to which they were justly entitled by this Govern-
ment.