The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-27 00:00:00

INDIA.

We have received our letters and papers from
India and China by overland mail via Marseilles.
The following summary of Indian intelligence is
from the Overland Friend of India, of Aug. 22 :
The unexpected intelligence of the British disaster
at the mouth of the Peiho, and the prospect which
it renders certain of a third China war on a much
greater scale than its predecessors, has given a new
colour to the difficulty caused by the discharge of
so many of the local European force. The moment
that the news reached Calcutta, the universal feel-
ing of the press and the public was, that the dis-
charged men should at once be Offered double bounty
to volunteer for a campaign in China, and that a
large force of Sikhs should also be sent. It was felt
that not only had India an opportunity of repaying
to the China force the debt she owes it for its ser-
vices in 1857-58, but that two difficulties, the one
immediate and the other anticipated, would thus be
lessened or removal. Were the Europeans who
have taken their discharge employed in this service
a large body of trained and acclimated soldiers
I could within one or two months be thrown upon
the coast of China in the very transports en-
gaged to carry them to England. They would
retrieve their character as loyal and disciplined
men; and the Governor-General, as well as the
home government, would be able to recede with
safety from a position taken up too hastily. Were
10,000 Sikhs, and a similar number of the dis-
charged Europeans—for they will probably reach
that amount—shipped for China, it would not be
necessary to draw upon England at' all for men in
the present possibility of a European war and ne-
cessity for being prepared to resist invasion. As
the Cochin China expedition of the French has
ended in a treaty with the enemy said to be .of the
same character as that with China, the force there,
numbering 3,000 men, with a good fleet, is set free
to avenge the loss on the Peiho. Su.ch a plan as
this may have been resolved on by the Govern-
ment of India, but as yet the public know nothing
regarding its intentions. It has taken no action
in the matter because no .requisition has been re-
ceived from China. The two first detachments of
discharged men have arrived in Calcutta, and all
the available steamers have been engaged at Alla-
habad to send others down. Lord Clyde has issued
an order directing telegraphic returns to be for-
warded to head-quarters 30 days after the date of
the registration of claims for discharge. But the
men are to be allowed the option of withdrawing
their names at the last moment.. Those of the Sir-
hind, Lahore, and Peshawur divisions, are to assem-
ble at Mooltan, and be forwarded to Bombay, via
Kurrachee. Those from the north-West and Ben-
gal have their depotmeanwhile at Chinsurah until
arrangements are made for them at Raneegunge.
It is likely that the whole of the gaper in the Artil-
lery* will be will be filled by volunteers from the
line regiments. India is well rid of the light
cavalry, or " du repies," as they are popularly termed.
By the month of October next it is expected that
Oude will be totally disarmed. Not a tort will
remain amid its jungles, save 44 retained for pub-
lic purposes. So thoroughly has the work been
carried cut that a percentage of 193 arms for adults
capable of bearing them in Oude has been taken
or surrendered. In Delhi the percentage was little
above 8 for the 2-3: millions of population. Besides
the arms taken from villages by the various military
columns which passed through the country in the
course of the campaign, the new military police,
which has proved itself most effective, has taken
about a million and a half arms of all kinds. About
1,100 Sepoys and 5,618 leave men have surrendered..
The trade of India is advancing with gigantic
strides. Far 1858-59 its value is about 31 millions
sterling, or an increase of a million and a quarter
on the preceding year. That of Bombay is the
same ; of Rangoon, 3 ; of Madras, 7 ; of Kurra-
chee, 21,-; with the small coast ports we have a
total of upwarda' of 75 millions. The imports of
silver into Bengal alone within the last five years
reach 26 millions sterling.
Mr. Gran, the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, is
at present making a tour in the interior. Lord
Canning will visit ihe north-west in the course of
next month.

CHINA.
(FroKz the Oveiland Friend of Chida, of Aug. 10.)
In our last report hence (Hong Kong) we told of
the repulse of the English and French forces from
the forts at the entrance of the Peiho river, and
the consequent rctnrn of the French and English
Ministers to Shanghai. We have intelligence'freni
Shanghai to the 2d 'of August, but in connexion
with these painful matters nothing of any moment
has since occurred.
Her Majesty's steamer Cruiser and gunboats Star-
ling and Forester still remain in the gulf of Pcchili,
the rest of the defeated squadron, being at anchor
principally off the entrance of the Ningpo river.
The American plenipotentiary Ward, is still on •
board the steam ship Powhattan, in the gulf of
Peehili, and is as unlikely apparently to obtain a
rAification of the :treaty made by hi. predecessor,
Mr. Reed, as either Mr. Bruce or M. Bourbollon
those 'concluded by the Earl of Elgin and Baron
Gros.

Of the Russians not a word is heard; but it is
still supposed that they,ttre in the background, and
that it was by their aid our repulse was effected.
Still there is no proof of this that we know of;
while a French traveller from St. Petersburg to
Shanghai, via Pkin, asserts that the members of
the Russian mission are treated very cavalierly by
the Pckingit's, andhardly dare to show themselves
in the streets.

Admiral HT° has been suffering severely from
his wounds, and it it said willhave to invalid. His
medical attendant, when probing the partially
closed wound in his hip the other day, discovered
and took out a link and a half of the Plover's
smoke stack stay, which'had been driven in by the
Russian shot. The agony which the brave man
must have undergone from such infliction can only
be conceived. His Excellency's gallantry and .cu-
durance are spoken of by all in the highest terms,

and the sincerest pity is expressed for the result of
his expedition so far as it affects himself.
Captain Vansittart died of his wounds on the 17th
ult., even before the mail left China. The other offi-
cers who were wounded are said to be doing well
There has been a serious enieute at Shanghai, in
which several foreigners have been killed, and
others wounded, among them being Mr. Interpreter
Ley, who is in a precarious position, his assailant
having ripped 'up his abdomen, whereby the bowels
protruded.

In the south of China all is quiet, and, apparently,
likely to continue so. As we said at the time the
news of the repulse first reached us, neither Chinese
authorities nor Chinese people are disposed to believe
that we have been defeated unless we ourselves as-
sure them of it ; for, in the first placd, they deem
any report of fighting which they reeeive from their
countrymen as of the usual stamp, viz., one grain of
truth to nine of falsehood ; and in the second place,
the fact of the northerns being able to do what they
could not, implies a superiority which they are not
ready to admit.

THE OUTBREAK AT SHANG!(AL
(From the Overland China Mail.)
Important intelligence has been received
from the north. The Chinese there, and at Shang-
hai in particular, have always been regarded as
models of quietness and meekness as compared with
those of the south. Even they, however, have now
broken out into rioting of a serious character, and
killed or dangerously wounded several Europeans,
among whom we have to mention, with deep regret,
Mr. Lay, the head of the newly-organised Chinese
Customs Service, who has been wounded so severely
in the abdomen and elsewhere that he is scarcely
expected to live. This riot is said to have arisen
from the kidnapping of coolies for the French vessel
Gertrude ; but the master of that vessel asserts that
the Chinese on board attempted to rob him, and he
was compelled to fire in self-defence. Both stories
are about equally improbable, and their truth or
falsehood is of no consequence to the conclusion to
be drawn from this affair.

Sooner or later the truth must come out in re-
gard to China, that the foreigners there have chiefly
their own stupidity to blame for the hostility of the
Chinese. Kiying, the most faithful and intelligent
friend of our interests in China, was compelled tc
commit suicide by the Imperial Court because—and
we make the charge with pain—he was so slighted
and set aside by Lord Elgin's mission that the Im-
perial Court was led to believe he had been deceiv-
ing it as to his knowledge of and interest with
foreigners. Kwei-liang and Hwa-shana were so
slighted -by Mr. Bruce refusing to see them at
Shanghai, that Prince Senn-ko-lin-sin, the head
of the war party, was raised to influence. Now
there are indications that the brutal outbreak and
assassination a t Shanghai will be treated in a man-
ner calculated to increase the evil from which it
sprung. Between the coolie and the coolie trade]
it is a matter of six of the one and half a dozen of
the other. There is occasionally fraud on both sides,
and th4e may, very rarely, be cases of kidnap
ping. It is too pro-voking to have our safety in
China endangered by the quarrels of a few loos,-
Portuguese and French on the one side, with
xambling Chinamen on the other. In spit(
bf the ridiculous noise made about a few individual
cases, the benefits of the traffic arz.) largely in favoui
of the Chinese; and therefore, since they chose t(
make it an occasion for riot, we should be justified
in closing it altogether. But to do this at the
present juncture—to dismiss, as we hear the
French minister threatens to do, most of the coolie;
in the Gertrude, would be to commit one of those
weak and ill-judged acts which always lay th(
foundation of future trouble. If the Chinamen of
Shanghai are.to be loosened from their engage-
ments and. allowed to pocket the benefits, by the
somewhat simple expedient of ripping open th(
stomachs of a few of the respectable foreigners re-
sident, there, they will be sure to find-other engage:
ments in which similar means may be useful.
they are allowed to escape with impunity, or an
approach to it, they will probably have recourse to
that gentle pressure whenever they have any other
point which they desire too carry against
foreigners.