The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-27 00:00:00

INDIA.

We have received our letters and papers from
India and China by overland mail vza Marseilles.
The following summary of Indian intelligence is
from the Overland Friend of India, of Aug. 22 :

The unexpected intelligence of the British disaster
at the mouth of the Peiho, and the prospect which
it renders certain of a third China war on a much
greater scale than its predecessors, has given a new
Colour to the difficulty caused by the discharge of
so many of the local European force. Tho moment
that the news reached Calcutta, the universal feel-
ing of the press and the public was, that the dis-
charged men should at oncebe offered double bounty
to volunteer for a campaign in China, and that a
large force of Sikhs should also be sent. It was felt
that not only had India an opportunity of repaying
to the China force the debt she owes it for its ser-
vices in 1857-58, but that two difficulties, the one
immediate and the other anticipated, would thus be
lessened or removod. Were the Europeans who
have taken their discharge employed in this service
a large body of trained and acclimated soldiers
could within one or two months be thrown upon
the coast of China in the very transports en-
gaged to carry them to England. They would
retrieve their character as loyal and disciplined
men, and the Governor-General, as well as the
home government, would be able to recede with
safety from a position taken up too hastily. Were
10,000 Sikhs, and a similar number of the dis-
charged Europeans—for they will probably reach
that amount—shipped for China, it would not be
necessary to draw upon England at all for men in
the present possibility of a European war and ne-
cessity for being prepared to resist invasion. As
the Cochin China expedition of the French has
ended in a treaty with the enemy said to be of the
same character as that with China, the force there,
numbering 3,000 men, with a good fleet, Is set free
to avenge the loss on the Peiho. Such a plan as
this may have been resolved on by the Govern-
ment of India, but as yet the public know nothing
regarding its intentions. It has taken no action
in the matter because no requisition has been re-
ceived from China. The two first detachments of
discharged men have arrived in Calcutta, and all
the available steamers have been engaged at Alla-
habad to send others down. Lord Clyde has issued
an order directing telegraphic returns to be for-
warded to head-quarters 30 days after the date of
the registratioz of claims for discharge. But the
men are to be allowed the option of withdrawing
their names at the last moment. Those of the Sir-
hind, Lahore, and Peshawur divisions, are to assem-
ble at Mooltan, and be forwarded to Bombay, via
Kurrachee. Those from the north-west and Ben-
gal have their depot meanwhile at Chinsurah until
arrangements are made for them at Raneegunge.
It is likely that the whole of the gaps in the Artil-
lery will be will he filled by volunteers from the
line regiments. India is well rid of the light
cavalry, or " dumpies," as they are popularly termed.
By the month of October next it is expected that
Oude will be totally disarmed. Not a tort will
remain amid its jungles, save 44 retained for pub-
lic purposes. So thoroughly has the work been
carried out that a percentage of 191 arms for adults
capable of bearing them in Oude has been taken
or surrendered. In Delhi the percentage was little
above 8 for the 21 millions of population. Besides
the arms taken from villages by the various military
columns which passed through the country in the
course of the campaign, the new military police,
which has prove& itself most effective, has taken
about a million and a half arms of all kinds. About
1,100 Sepoys and 5,618 leave men have surrendered.
The trade of India is advancing with gigantic
stride.:. For 1858-59 its value is about 31 millions
sterling, or an increase of a million and a quarter
on the preceding year. That of Bombay is the
same ; of Rangoon, 3 ; of Madras, 7 ; of Kurra-
chee, 21; with the small coast ports we have a
total of upwards of 75 millions. The imports of
silver into Bengal alone within the last five years
reach 26 millions sterling.
Mr. Gran, the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; is
at present making a tour in the interior. Lord
Canning will visit the north-west in the course of
next month.

CHINA.
(From the Overland Friend of China, of Aug. 10.)
In our last report hence (Hong Kong) we told of
the repulse of the English and French forces from
the forts at the entrance of the Peiho river, and
the consequent return of the French and English
Ministers to Shanghai. We have intelligence from
Shanghai to the 2d of August, but in connexion
with these painful matters nothing of any moment
has since occurred.
Her Majesty's steamer Cruiser and gunboats Star-
ling and Forester still remain in the gulf of Pechili,
the rest of the defeated squadron being at anchor
principally off the entrance of the Ningpo river.
The American plenipotentiary Ward, is still on
board the steam ship Powhattan, in the gulf of
Pechili, and is as unlikely apparently to obtain a
tification of the treaty made by his predecessor,
Mr. Reed, as either Mr. Bruce or M. Bourbollon
those concluded by the Earl of Elgin and Baron
Gros. _ .

Of the Russians not a word is heard ; but it is
still supposed that they are in the background, and
that it was by their aid our repulse was effected.
Still there is no proof of this that we know of;
while a French traveller from St. Petersburg to
Shanghai, ria Pekin, asserts that the members of
the Russian mission are treated very cavalierly by
the PAingites, and hardly (lave to show themselves
in the streets.

ll.pe has been suffering severely from
his wounds, and it it said willhave to invalid. His
medical attendant, when probing the partially
closed wound in his hip the other day, discovered
and took out a link and a half of the Plover's
smoke stack stay, which had been driven in by the
Russian shot. The agony which the brave -man
must have undergone from such infliction can only
be conceived. His Excellency's gallantry and en-
durance are spoken of by all in the highest terms,

and the sincerest pity is expressed for the result of
his expedition so far as it affects himself.
Captain Vansittart died of his wounds on the lith
ult., even before the mail left China. The other offi-
cers who were wounded are said to be doing well
There has been a serious emeute at Shanghai, in
which several foreigners have been killed, and
others wounded, among them being Mr. Interpreter
Lay, who is in a precarious position, his assailant
having ripped up his abdomen, whereby the bowels
protruded.
In the south of China all is quiet, and, apparently,
likely to continue so. As we said at the time the
news of the repulse first reached us, neither Chinese
authorities nor Chinese people are disposed to believe
that we have been defeated unless we ourselves as-,
sure them of it ; for, in the first place, they deem
[ any report of fighting which they reeeive from their
countrymen as of the usual stamp, viz., one grain of
truth to nine of falsehood ; and in the second place,
the fact of the northerns being able to do what they
could not, implies a superiority which they are not
ready to admit.

THE OUTBREAK AT SHANGHAI.
(From the Overland China Mail.)
Important intelligence has been received
from the north. The Chinese there, and at Shang-
hai in particular, have always been regarded as
models of quietness and meekness as compared with
those of the south. Even they, however, have now
broken out into rioting of a serious character, and
killed or dangerously wounded several Europeans,
among whom we have to mention, with deep regret,
Mr. Lay, the head of the newly-organised Chinese
Customs Service, who has been wounded so severely
in the abdomen and elsewhere that he is scarcely
expected to live. This riot is said to have arisen
from the kidnapping of coolies for the French vessel
Gertrude ; but the master of that vessel asserts that
the Chinese on board attempted to rob him, and he
was compelled to fire in self -defence. Both stories
are about equally improbable, and their truth or
falsehood is of no consequence to tho conclusion to
be drawn from this affair.
Sooner or later the truth must come out in re-
gard to China, that the foreigners there have chiefly
their own stupidity to blame for the hostility of the
Chinese. Kiying, the most faithful and intelligent
friend of our interests in China, was compelled tc
commit suicide by the Imperial Court because—and
we make the charge with pain—he was so slighted
and set aside by Lord Elgin's mission that the Im
perial Court was led to believe he had been deceiv-
ing it as to his knowledge of and interest with
foreigners. Kwei-liang and Hwa-shana were so
slighted by Mr. Bruce refusing to see them at
Shanghai, that Prince Senn-ko-lin-sin, the head
'of the war party, was raised to influence. Now
there are indications that the brutal outbreak and
assassination at Shanghai will be treated in a man-
ner calculated to increase the evil from which it
sprung. Between the coolie and the coolie trader
it is a matter of six of the one and half a dozen of
the other. There is occasionally fraud on both sides.
and there may, very rarely, be cases of kidnap-
ping. It is too provoking to have our safety in
China endangered by the quarrels of a few loose
Portuguese and French on the one side, with
lying, gambling Chinamen on the other. In spit(
of the ridiculous noise made about a few individual
cases, the benefits of the traffic are largely in Layout
of the Chinese ; and therefore, since they chose to
make it as occasion for riot, we should be justified
in closing it altogether. But to do this at the
present juncture—to dismiss, as we hear the
French minister threatens to do, most of the coolies
in the Gertrude, would be to commit one of those
weak and ill-judged acts which always lay the
foundation of future trouble. If the Chinamen of
Shanghai are to be loosened from their engage-
ments and allowed to pocket the benefits, by the
somewhat simple expedient of ripping open the
stomachs of a few of the respectable foreigners re-
sident, there, they will be sure to find other engage-
ments in which similar means may be useful. It
they are allowed to escape with impunity, or an
approach to it, they will probably have recourse to
that gentle pressure whenever they have any other
point which they desire too carry against
foreigners.