The Sun.
London, England, 1866-06-12 00:00:00

SCIENTIFIC AND ORNAMENTAL PRESENTS.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
and Dining-room, eonsisting of a new and elegant assort-
ment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks. Ink -
atands, peautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &0., in Italian,
Alabaster, Parian Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, dro.
Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENANT, Mine-
ralogist to her Majesty, 149, Strand, W.C. London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of ROCKS'
KIN KRAUS, and FOSSILS, to illustrate the new edition
of Lyell's Elements of Geology; they will greatly facilitate
the interesting study of MINERALOGY and GEOLOGY,
and can he had at 2. 5, 10. 20, 50. to 500 guineas each.
PRACTICAL 1148TRUCTION In GEOLOGY and MENE-
RALOGY is given by Mr.TENNANT,F.G.S.. at 149. Strand.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
home to the 12 now in operation. Last year no fewer
than 455 poor, friendless, young females were rejected from
want of FUNDS and room, making a total of 3,087, whohave
been sent away in five years.
The new home the Committee wish to form would be for
young girls, almost children, from the age of 8 to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Secretary,
r. Daniel Cooper, 85, Queen 'street. Cheapside ; or by Messrs
Barclay and Co., Lombard-street

OYAL FREE ITOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus, King's-cross.
Patron—Her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN.

Vice-Patron—His Royal Highness the Prince of WA LE S. K.G
President—ll is Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH. K.G..

- -
This Hospital, founded in the year 1828, the first to estab-
lish the principle of free admission to the sick poor, without
the delay and difficulty of Governors' orders, is wholly de-
pendent for support on voluntary contributions and t
It affords relief to a large number of in-patients, and, in
addition to this, the average number of attendance of the
destitute sick has for a considerable period averaged between
8,000 and 4,000 weekly.
The Committee earnestly solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
benevolent, as the premises of this hospital are capable of
containing several hundred more beds, had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Has
Lerman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co.;
Drummond and Co. ; Glyn and Co. • Hurries a. d Co. ; Ransom
and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co'. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ;
Barclay and Cot; W ithants, Deacon, and Co.; Overend, Gur-
ney, and Co. ; /fiebet and Co.. Berners-street I. Barned and
Co., Liverpool; and at the Hospital, from 10 till 5.
BTANFPBX =ITU. Secretary,

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-FUNDS
SHIP, are earnestly for fitting up the TRAINING

_
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Boys Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—CON-
TRIBUTIONSLA_ are earnestly solicited for establishing
the COUNTRY HOME. £l,OOO required.
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—The
Committee are most anxious to provide for 400 boys.
One hundred and fifty are now in the Refuge. The annual
expenditure for supporting the 400 boys is estimated at
£6,000, being £l5 a year for each boy. Several kind friends
have promised to pay for one boy each year.
Subscriptions thankfully received by the London and West-
minster Bank, 41, Lothbury, and 214, El igh Holborn ; Messrs.
Ransom and Co., 1, Pall-Mall East; and by
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.c.

SUBSCRIPTION TESTIMONIAL
TO
GEORGE CRIIIKSHANK.
PRESIDENT.
JOHN RUSKIN, Esq., M.A.
VICE-PRESIDENT.
Sir W. C. TREVELYAN, Bart.
TREASURER.
Louis Huth, Esq,
BANKERS.
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street, E.C.

" Before the century was actually in its teens. we believe
that George Cruikshank was amusing the public. Is there
no way in which the country could acknowledge the long
services and brave career of such a friend and benefactor ?"
THACICERAY.

The public in general is invi`ed to co-operate is this move-
ment. Subscriptions receivable as above, or by the tinder-
signed as honorary secretary,
CHARLES A. HOWELL.

3, York-villas, Brixton, S.

PROVIDENCE ROW NIGHT REFUGE,
FO
HOMELESS WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
14A, Providence-row, Finsbury, E.C.
Sixty Thousand Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, have been given in this Institution to the
destitute, who otherwise would have had to pass the
nights in the bleak streets or under railway arches.
At present nearly 500 Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, are given gratuitously every week. The poor
from all parts are admitted, the only condition being that
they are homeless and starving. The Manager &c
receives no remuneration whatever. Notwithstand-
ing the provision made byNthe Poor Houses, each
night numbers of young women, children, and orphans
are, for want accommodation, refused admittance, and have
to spend night after night in the cold, wet, and sleet. To
meet this evil, and to provide more ample accommoda-
tion, £2,000 has been raised, but to accomplish the,
work a sum of at least £l,OOO more will be required.
Besides providing shelter for the homeless, this year it
is proposed, as far as the donations obtained for the pur-
pose will allow, to give bread and coals to poor tamilies
in want. Will you, in your charity, help to carry on and
accomplish what has been begun ? Will you help to give
shelter to the really homeless, and food to the really
starving ? The smallest donation will be most welcome,
and, night and morning, the prayers of the destitute will
be offered in your behalf •
SUBSCRIPTIONS are earnestly requested, and will be
gratefully received by the Rev. D. UXLBEItT D.D., No. 22,
Finsbury-circus, E.O.

Some facts, however, are well known and beyond
doubt. The whole army, divided into two wings,
will in the event of war be commanded by the King
in person. The right wing, or, as from its present
position it might be termed, the Army of Saxony,
is under the command of the Archduke Frederic
Carl, to whom General Moltke is attached as chief
of the Staff. The left wing, or Army of Silesia, has
the Crown Prince as its Commander, with General
Blumenthals in a similar capacity. Each of
these two great divisions consists of a certain
number of corps d'armee, and it may be pre-
sumed, from the geographical position of the pro-
vinces whence the various corps receive their re-
cruits, that the first, fifth, and sixth corps d'armee
are with the Crown Prince, and the second, third,
fourth, seventh, and eighth with the Archduke.
The Crown Prince, with his right resting on the
fortress of Torgau, on the Elbe, and his left on that
of Mosel, covers the passes from Bohemia and Mo-
ravia into Silesia, and is supported by the fortresses
of Glatz and Neisze. The Archduke, resting his
right on the fortress of Erfurt, joins his left to the
Crown Prince's right on the Elbe. In rear of this
point of junction the Guard, which of itself forms
a corps d'armee, is held in reserve. Such is a gene-
ral sketch of what may be presumed to be the
present distribution of the Prussian forces along
the southern frontier ; to enter into more minute
details at the present moment would be injudicious,
and perhaps prejudicial to their cause. Every
realisingd fromnite
the definite
one who has read the history of a war must
have
accountsexperiencedof most historians thediffihcisutlotyonf sany
idea of the actual number of combatants engaged
in particular battles or sent . on particular duties.
Indeed, it is a common charge against military
writers that corps and brigades are often mentioned
as if every reader were intuitively conversant with
the number of soldiers who compose them, not only
atcampaign,a but even after disease
ranks and sent many
andbe tsaottulese of
have thinned thet
of the early combatants into hospital or the enemy's
war prisons. At the present moment, when, as we
have seen above, the Prussians are ranged along a
frontier on the further side of which are drawn up
troops whom the incidents of a few hours may
make their enemies—yhen the personal quarrel
arcYollisliinoen bbyet an unwitting
of two advanced sentries or the transgression of
ia)laltrohlnamgbetween the two
great German Powers, and necessitate the descrip-
tioniignharty
causebounda
of another European war—it may be inte-
resting to glance over the organisation of the
Prussian army, and, from a general examination
of the system on which it is based, to deduce
rules which will be of service for computing broadly
the numbers of troops engaged on different occa-
sions, in case of such a lamentable necessity.
The Prussian army which takes the field in time
of war consists of eight corps d'armee of troops of
the Line, and of the corps d'armee of the Guard.
Each corps d'armee is organised with the intention
of being a perfectly complete little army of itself,
so that without inconvenience it can be detached
from the main army atany time. Each corps d'armee
of the Line in time of war consists of two &visions
of infantry, one division of cavalry, areserve of artil-
lery, and a military train. Each division of infantry
is composed of two brigades, each of which has

We.have seen that each corps d'arnzee
may be
safely estimated at 30,000 combatants and that of
the guard at 33,000, without taking into considera-
tion those large artillery and engineer trains which
would be requisite were the army to undertake the
siege of any considerable fortress. It only remains
now to consider whether this strength may always
be reckoned upon as constant ; and it appears that
this may be done in consequence of the admirable
system of Prussian organisation. By this system,
as soon as a corps d'arznee is put on a war footing,
there is a depot battalion formed for each regiment,
a depot company for each battalion of rifles, a depot
squadron for each cavalry regiment, a depot corn- I
pany for the artillery of each corps d'armee, a depot
company for each engineer battalion, and a depot
for the military train. These depots remain in their
barracks, and supply all vacancies made in the
ranks of the corps to which they belong. Nor is it
all difficult for them to do so, because in conse-
quence of the system of recruiting pursued in this
country these depots do not consist entirely of raw
recruits, but partly of men who have served for
some time in the army, and who have, after leaving
the regular ranks, been annually put through a
course of training.

It is here requisite to say a few words on the
system of recruiting in Prussia. With the exception
of clergymen and a few others, every man in the
year in which he becomes 20 years old is liable to
military service for five years, three of which he
spends in the regular army and two in the reserve.
On completion of this service he is placed in the
first Logy of the Landwehr for seven years, and
afterwards in the second levy of the Landwehr for
seven years more. When it is necessary to raise
the regular army to a war footing the reserve is
first draughted into the ranks, then the first levy of
the Landwehr, and afterwards, if necessary, the
second levy. At the present time the three first
years of the second levy have already been called to
arms. If the Landwehr is exhausted the Land-
sturm is called out, and in this case every man be-
tween 16 and 50 is liable for service.

Each corps d'armee of the Line in time of peace
is quartered in one of the eight provinces of the
kingdom ; its recruits are obtained from that pro-
vince, and its Landwehr are the men in the pro-
vince who have served five years and who have been
dismissed from actual service, but are subjected to
an annual course of training. The provinces to
which the different corps d'armee belong are :-
1, Prussia Proper ; 2, Pomerania ; 3, Brandenburg;
4, Prussian Saxony ; 5, Posen ; 6, Silesia ; 7, West-
phalia ; 8, Rhine Provinces. The Guards are re-
cruited' from men of a certain stature from all the

In order that all these events should have occurred
in this tunnel there must have been sad neglect

somewhere. A man is stationed at the south end

of the south tunnel, and another at the north (or
Knebworth) end of the north tunnel. It is the duty

of these men to signal to each other the entrance

and departure of every train into and from the
tunnel, and to allow no other train to enter until

the departure of the preceding train has been duly

signalled. It is evident there must have been some

neglect or misunderstanding of these signals, and
their import cn the occasion in question ; for not

only was the Midland down train not warned that

the " empties" had not emerged from the tunnel,
but the Great Northern up train was left unwarned
that there were at the moment of its approach two
trains in the tunnel. Either the drivers of these
trains were unwarned, or they disregarded the warn-
ing. Those are questions which the Board of Trade
and the coroner's jury will doubtless have to solve.
It is even said that the perfection of the system, in
theory, of this signalling at either end of a tunnel
was an excuse to the guard Ray for not going back
to stop any advancing train because he felt such
confidence in the signalling that he had no appre-
hension whatever of a train entering the tunnel until
his train had got out of it. However perfect in
theory, this system seems to have failed in this par-
ticular emergency. The state of the engine at-
tached to the first train may also form a subject of
investigation. I

With each of the goods trains were a driver and
stotcer and two pards, and with the empties a
driver, stoker, one guard, and his friend Rawlings,
whom he was conveying on his way to Peterbo-
rough ; so that there were in all 12 persons travel-
ling with these three trains. It seems a miracle
that all were not killed on the spot, instead of one
only being instantaneously killed and the lives of
two others jeopardised.
In The Sun,of yesterday evening we stated some
of the measures that had been had recourse to to
clear
render it fit for the resumpticoantaof
traffic.-
and
irtions were continued to-day
t h e
These li n e,
with
unabated vigour, and with such success that at 9
o'clock this evening the entire wreck of the
strophe had been removed. These operations were
carried on under the direction of 11Ir. Johnson, the
engineer of the line, with a force of about 450
navvies and fitters, and labourers working in relays.
The entire scene of ruin was confined to a space of
about 100 yards in the centre of the northern tun-
nel. The men attacked this at either end, working
away with picks, and crowbars, and trolleys, and
wheeling off large portions of the ruins as they se-
parated them from the general wreck.- As they

In conclusion, Count Mensdorff reserves to the
Imperial Government the right of taking such steps
and resolutions as may be found necessary, since
since nothing remains for Austria but to take steps
for defending her honour and guarding her rights
rights from being treated with contempt.

THE PROPOSED CONFERENCE.—TO THE EDITOR
O SUN.—Sir,—The following paragraph
appears in Mr. Reuter's telegrams, published in The Sun
of Saturday last :—" The analysis of the Austrian despatch
published by the Morning Herald and the Morning Post on
Friday last, and reproduced by the Independance Beige, is
declared by the Cologne Gazette to be apocryphal." This
important document, thus declared "apocryphal," was
published by this company on the 7th inst., and its au-
thenticity has been fully established by the publication of
the despatch in the Memorial Diplontatique of Saturday,
and. the Moniteur of yesterday. I shall be much obliged if
you will publish this statement.—lam, sir, yours, &c., THE
MANAGER OF THE GENERAL TELEGRAM COMPANY. 2,
Telegraph-street, E.C., June 11."
gna theo
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