The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-15 00:00:00

LAUNCH OF THE GALATEA.

WOOLWICH, Sept. 14.—Another important addi-
tion was made to the royal navy this day by the
launch of the Galatea, screw corvette, of 26 guns
and 800 horse power. Sho was laid down at this
yard in February, 1857, and has been constructed
on the most approved principles of modern naval
architecture. The following are her exact dimen-
sions :

Length between perpendiculars .. 280 ft. Oin.
„ of keel for tonnage .. .. 245 ft. Bin.
Breadth extreme .. .. .. 50ft. Oin.
„ for tonnage .. .. .. 49ft. Gin.
91 moulded .. .. .. 48ft. Sin.
Depth in hold .. .. .. .. 19ft. 4in.
Burthen in tons .. .. .. 3,202 ,

At half-past one o'clock the gates were opened
to visitors, and many thousands flocked to
the building-slip to witness the proceedings.
Ample accommodation was provided by means of
seats erected on each side of the vessel, and a plat-
form at the bow was fitted up in a superior style for
naval and military officers, and those provided with
tickets. The band of the Woolwich division of
Royal Marines was in attendance ; and amongst
those present, in addition to Commodore Superin-
tendeni the Hon. J. R. Drummond, were Vice-Ad-
miral Sir M. Stopford, Admiral Sir James Gordon
(Governor of Greenwich Hospital), Col. Stransham
(Commandant of the Royal Marine Light Infantry),
numerous officers of the Royal Artillery and Mili-
tary Train Corps, Mr. Alderman Salomons, M.P. &c.
A novel feature in the present launch at this
yard was the introduction of hydraulic pressure
for the purpose of easing the ship on her launching
ways, and thus affording a propelling power
OD the removal of the dog-shores. Four hy-
draulic rams, manufactured by Messrs. Huxham and
Brown, of Exeter, were used, two being placed
under the cutwater, and two at the sides of the
vessel. At 20 minutes to three o'clock the work of
removing the timbers and dog-shores was completed
under the superintendence of Mr. Turner, master
shipwright, and the ceremony of christening the
vessel was performed by the lady of Vice-Admiral
the Hon. Sir Montagu Stopford, K.C.B. Imme-
diately afterwards, the hydraulic machines were
applied, and the splendid vessel, with her decks
covered with visitors, glided gracefully off the slip
on which she was built into the Thames, amidst
the cheers of thousands of spectator•, the band per-
forming the " National Anthem." After the launch
—which was in every respect perfect—the Galatea
was removed into the outer basin, where she will
be fitted with her screw machinery, manufactared
by Messrs. J. Penn and Sons, of Greenwich. An
accident of a serious nature occurred during the pro-
ceedings to one of the spectators, a private of the
Royal Marines, who foolishly mounted the tall
hydraulic crane on the wharf, and received severe
injuries on his head by falling from a considerable
height. He was immediately conveyed to the in-
firmary. The Allding slip from which the Galatea
was launched is to be cleared forthwith, for the pur-
pose of laying down a new screw-frigate, to be
named the Bristol.

PAY AND POSITION OF INDIAN

OFFICERS.

The following letter appeared in a contemporary
Sir,—As great ignorance is daily exhibited on
this subject, perhaps the following may interest
those who have relatives in the service, and serve
to explain the origin of that crying evil, " debt,"
which so deeply excited Sir C. Napier's attention,
and which at present literally overwhelms vast
numbers of Indian officers, especially in the junior
ranks.
In India the pay of both services, Queen's and
Company's, is nominally of precisely similar amount,
but, in consequence of deductions for funds, expen-
sive fatigue duties with native troops, increased ex-
pense of maintaining regimental institutions with
an average complement' per corps of only 1 com-
mandant, 1i captain, and 81 subalterns, the pay of
the Indian regimental officer is actually less than
that of the Queen's officer, whose more rapid pro-
motion also gives him immense advantages.
The Indian officer, after fifteen years' tropical
service, becomes a brevet captain, but does not ob-
tain any increase of pay. On the contrary, he is
compelled in his ordinary routine to perform the
additional duty of the higher ranks on the pay of
tilt subaltern.
When on furlough this discrepancy becomes still
more glaring. The Indian Army List prove that
Bengal alone contained in 1855 (after some seven-
teen consecutive years of war) nearly 350 officers
on the active list, who had actually served from
fifteen to twenty-three years in that tropical cli-
mate before attaining the subordinate rank of regi-
mental captain.
But for the evidence of the Army List these facts
would be incredible.
These brevet captains—men who have fought
through half-a-dozen tropical campaigns—receive
when on furlough only Gs. 6d. per diem, which is
reduced by fund and other deductions to an annual
income of exactly 106/.
The Queen's lieutenant of seven years' standing,
who may never have left England, or have seen a
shot fired, receives 7s. 6d. per diem, or per annum,
136/.

The Queen's lieutenant of seven years' standing
thus receives considerably more than the Indian
brevet-captain of from 15 to 20 years' tropical ser-
vice, and who, moreover, is generally a married
man approaching his 40th year.
Had the celebrated Hodson (who was a lieu-
tenant, and in his 37th year at the siege of Delhi,
and who had fought in seven general actions), chosen
to return home on furlough, his pay would have
been exactly 1061. per annum, or less than 6s. a
day.
The Queen's lieutenant, in addition to the receipt
of higher pay than the Indian brevet captain, is
also provided with coals, candles, quarters, servant,
mess. If he be on leave, he can fall back on the
regimental depot.
The fact is, however, that the pay received by
all regimental officers in India, whether Queen's
or Company's, is greatly exaggerated, more especi-
ally in the case of the junior officers in the local
army.
The Indian officer is an ensign up to his " fifth,"
a lieutenant up to his " fifteenth," and a captain up
to his " twenty-eighth" year of tropical service.
(See Army Lists.)
Ensigns, pay at is. 10d. per rupee (average for
the last 15 years), from first to fifth year of tropical
service, 2251.
Lieutenants, from fifth to fifteenth ditto, 2801.

, .
Captains, from fifteenth to twenty-eighth ditto,
4601.

This pay, how ever is a deception ; being in a
great measure made up of allowances for items,
which in England are supplied by the Government.
Thus the numerous military stations of our vast
empire have been built with money borrowed at
15 to 20 per sent. by the officers of the Indian
army ; and whenever these stations are abandoned,
or the garrisons reduced—as was the case at Kur-
nal, Loodianah, Ferozapore, &c.—no compensation
whatever is granted for the total loss of property
which ensues.

The officers' annual disbursements are as follows :
Subalterns on an average pay for quarters, which
if small are unhealthy, from 45/. to 351.
Maintenance of camp equipage, tents, &c., break-
ages, marching expenses, loss by purchase and sale
of furniture, from 35/. to 25/.
The Company's officer has ever to be prepared for
solitary detached duty," and therefore must of
necessity keep the number of servants sanctioned,
or rather enforced, by caste and custom, 50/.
Every Indian subaltern is also, nolens volens, com-
pelled to keep a horse, not only for preservation of
health, but due performance of military duty in a
tropical country and with native troops—purchase
and keep, with saddlery, 35/.
The above compulsory outlay (for items which in
England aro supplied by the government or are
unnecessary) reduces Indian pay to the following
limits :

Ensign, from first to fifth year of tropical ser-
vice, 801.
Lieutenant, from fifth to fifteenth year of tropical
service, 135/. . _ _

Captain, from fifteenth to twenty-eighth year of
tropical service; 3151.
Half batta further deprives the captain, lieute-
nant, and ensign of 501., 401., and 301. per annum,
at a moment when they can least afford the loss.
Owing to increased exposure on duty consequent
on the paucity of officers, the regimental officer
rarely escapes sick leave every " third" or at most
"fourth" year; and each journey to the hills costs,
including house rent, travelling, and loss of allow-
ances, from 601. to 80/.
The Indian officer generally, but not always,
obtains the command of a company as a subaltern ;
and this allowance (451. per annum), though pre-
carious, in some measure enables him to meet the
extra expense of messing, clothing, payment for
steps, half batta, &e., but his pay is not-
withstanding undoubtedly less (when his expenses
are considered) than that received in England.
.The.chief grievance of the regimental officer is,
that he is compelled to perform lip to his 35th or
40th year of age, and in a tropical country, the addi-
tional duties of ensign, of lieutenant, of captain, and
even of field officer, on the regimental pay and rank
of a subaltern.
This of itself is virtual supercession ; but it is
also notorious that the Indian regimental officer is
openly and avowedly superseded en masse, not only

by the Que en's officer, but also by the huge
" absentee st iff" connected with the Indian service.

The whole: tale grants of brevet rank to absentee
staff officers (.sacked by staff pay) have turned the
Indian seniors ty service into a mere mockery. The
line officer—vl/4 those promotion is ruined, and whose
military career is destroyed by staff absenteeism,
is openly and habitually superseded by staff officers
of subordinate regimental rank, officers who in num-
ber literally vie with their regimental brethren.
Many appear to confound the regimental and
staff services together, apparently forgetful that the
vast majority of ,officers must ever remain with their
regiments, and :must be ever dependent on their
regimental prospects. A glance at the Army Lists
will prove that it any officers who have passed the
highest examinations never obtain staff through-
out their Indian. career; while the vast majority of
staff officers are therein shown to have merely
passed the inferior and almost nominal examination
called the P. H.,.a labour of at most three months.
The staff, as a gradation service, must be obtained
early in life, and the examinations being " non-com-
petiv3," and in many cases almost nominal, " inte-
rest" necessarily carries the day.
Those who poin t to our Nicholsons, Chamberlains,
&c., forget that these celebrated men, who were
originally nominated to the staff as young ensigns,
are representatives not of the " line," but of a
favoured body of some 700 staff absentees, mostly
selected from the Bengal army whilst still in the
junior ranks of the service. The qualifying exa-
mination, called the P.H., being quite a recent re-
gulation, the vast majority of these officers were
therefore selected before they could possibly have
given any proofs of peculiar merit. On the con-
trary, the Army Lists prove that when Lord I)al-
housie's order respecting the qualification for staff
was first issued, nearly 300 out of the 550 staff
absentees had not passed any examination in the
languages which required the opening of a book.
(See Army Lists of that period.)
Young staff officers thus selected are granted opor-
tunities which are wholly denied to their regimental
brethren; whose career is separate and distinct.
The Indian civilian of 14 years' standing is com-
monly in receipt of company's rupees 2,250 per
mensem, besides allowances for marching.
The regimental officer of 14 years' standing is a
lieutenant of rupees 250 per mensem, and has no
allowance for marching.
Lord Ellenborough declares that luxury is un-
known in India, and is opposed to a reduction in
the salary of the civilian.
Yet the military man, eternally on the move,
existing on " one-tenth" the civil scale of pay; and
therefore exposed to debt and difficulties, is pointed
out as an example of the ruinous effects of luxury
and extravagance.—l am, Szc.„
A REGIMENTAL OFFICER OF 8.N.1.

COL. NORTH, M.P., ON MR. BRIGHT
..IND MILITARY DISCIPLINE.

BANBURY, TUESDAY.

The annual meeting of the Banbury Agricultural
Society was held this day. In the afternoon the
members dined in the market-room of the Red
Lion Hotel. Colonel North, M.P., occupied the
chair, and there were also present Sir C. Douglas,
M.P,, the Rev. H. Holbeach, the Mayor of Ban-
bury, Mr. H. Norris, Lieut. Brickwell, &c.
The usual loyal toasts having been given,
The CHAIRMAN proposed " The Army and
Navy." He said he was satisfied from what he
knew of the good qualities of the army—their gal-
lantry in the field, their admirable conduct in quar-
ters, their love of their Sovereign, and their devo-
tion to the country, that they were worthy of the
estimation in which they were held. Speaking,
as he did, in a county which furnished so many
men to the military service of the country, he
trusted that they would allow him to refer briefly
to a speech in reference to the army, recently de-
livered by Mr. Bright at Huddersfield. (Cheers,)
The greater portion of the speech in question was
purely political ; but there were some passages in
it in reference to the management and discipline
of the army which ought not to be allowed
to pass by without notice. If at any other
time the remarks of Mr. Bright would admit of pal-
liation, they were most unfair and improper at
a moment when, from day to day, it was impossible
to say whether every man in England might not be
called upon to stand forward in the defence of the
country. (Hear, hear.) With regard to Mr. Bright
himself, he would simply repeat an observation
which he heard Mr. Roebuck make in the House of
Commons—viz., that although Mr. Bright, when
upon his own dunghill at Birmingham, roared like
a lion. when in the House of Commons he was mild
and gentle as a sucking dove. (Laughter and
cheers.) Mr. Bright, in his speech at Huddersfield,
began by saying, " I am, very thankful that I am
not able to speak to you on this question of the
army with the authority on minute matters of a
military man, but I can tell you this, that over the
£12,000,000 that are expended by the Horse Guards,
Parliament has almost no control whatever, after it
has voted the main sum." Unfortunately, every-
thing that was found fault with in reference to the
administration of the military department was im-
mediately saddled upon the Horse Guards. Per-
haps they would like him to describe what the Horse
Guards really was. The Horse Guards consisted
of the Commander-in-Chief, the adjutant-general,
and one quartermaster-general. The duty de-
volving upon the Commander-in-Chief was the
superintendence of the whole army; the duties of
the adjutant-general were confined to the discipline
of the army ; while the quartermaster-general re-
gulated the movement of troops and supplied camps
and barracks, but neither of those officers had the
power of spending one single sixpence of the
£12,000,000 referred to by Mr. Bright. (Cheers.)
Indeed, upon one occasion his Royal Highness the
Duke of Cambridge himself stated that he had over
and over again recommended certain improvements
in the barracks as calculated to ensure the health
of the troops, but he was utterly unable to carry
out his recommendations, because the money neces-
sary to enable him to carry them out was refused.
(Hear, hear.) Now, he (Col. North) could not con-
ceive what good object could be gained by continual
attacks upon the Horse Guards, and though he
would be the last person to deny any man the right
of canvassing the acts of public officers, he thought
that any person who did so, especially if he hap-
pened to be a member of Parliament, possessing
ample opportunities of gaining accurate informa-
tion, should at any rate state both sides of the ques-
tion with impartiality and fairness. No man knew
better than Mr. Brignt that the Commander-in-
Chief and the Horse Guards had no power over the
12 millions which he accused them of expending.
The sole person who had authority over the money
was the Secretary of State for War. (Hear.) It so
happened that the last Secretary for War was a
soldier, but, generally speaking, he was a man who
knew nothing of a soldier's duties, and could not
tell whether a soldier wore his pouch over the right
shoulder or the left. (Hear.) Of course that remark
would not apply in the case of Mr. Sidney Her-
bert, as that right lion. gentlemen had brought for-
ward many measures which had proved most ad-
vantageous to the service; but, generally speaking,
the Secretary for War was a civilian, and had alone
the control of the 12 millions of money referred to
by Mr. Bright. (Hear.) The hon. member for Bir-
mingham, in his speech at Huddersfield, went on
to say, " The Horse Guards is a department almost
separated from Parliament, and uncontrolled by
it; and it is the universal opinion, confirmed by
every fact that ()ernes to my knowledge, that the
I forse Guards management of that £12,000,000 and
of the vast forces under its direction, is a manage-
ment where interest aid jobbery reign supreme,
and where the interest of the nation at large and
fair dealing to all applicants for preferment are
very little considered." Now, with regard to
the control of the army, the direction of
the forces devolved upon the Duke of Cam-
bridge, and he believed that very few
men held the opinion of his Royal Highness which
Mr. Bright appeared to entertain. (Cheers.)
There was not a man in the country who had more
at heart the interest of the service, or who was
more thoreughly acquainted with the duties of a
soldier from those of the Commander-in-Chief down
to those of a lance corporal, and he (Col. North) be-
lieved that there was not a man in England, except
Mr. Bright, who would presume to say that the
management of his Royal Highness was a manage-
ment, " where interest and jobbery reign supreme,
and where the interest of the nation at large and
fair dealing to all applicants for preferment are
very little considered.' If ever any man had de-
voted his whole energies to the improvement of the
con-iition of the army it was his Royal Highness
the Duke of Cam)ridge, and it was most un-
fair that such an attack should have been made
upon him by Mr. Bright. (Hear, hear, and cheers.)
The lion. member for Birmingham went on to say
—" In a free country like this I wonder that cer-
tain things are permitted which now exist. I have
been engaged for the last two months in procuring
the discharge of a soldier, if I may call him so, for
he is not a man, nor indeed a young man,'but a
boy, who was only 14 years and a month or two
when he was entrapped by the recruiting sergeant.
It has taken the father of that boy, I believe, since
April or May to procure his discharge, rod it has
only been obtained at length on account of the ur-
gent remonstrances that I made ; for memorial
after memorial has gone to the Horse Guards, and
to his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge,
which memorials have been replied to in the usual
fashion, nearly meaning this—' We have got your
son in our barracks ; he has taken the oath ; he has
taken the shilling; and, be he man or boy, we will
keep him there !' Mothers, for there are mothers
among you, think of a boy, 14 years of age, being

' met in the streets by one of these unmitigated
scoundrels, and being asked' Are you wanting a
job ?" What do you want me to do ?' says the boy,
Oh, come and be a soldier.' But lam too little.'
' No, you are not; you are just the right height.'
Well, but lam only 14.' Never mind, say you
are 184 and it will be all right." Now, having
once procured with great difficulty the discharge of
a young soldier, he (Col. North) had been consider-
ably-astonished at this statement, and made some in-
quiry respecting it, from which he found, that the
boy went to a sergeant of the 3d Regiment, and
offered to enlist. No conversation took place, but he
received the shilling, was taken before the surgeon,
who passed him to the officer superintending the
recruiting district, and ultimately he joined the re-
giment, The day after the enlistment the father
and mother of the lad abused the sergeant for enlist-
ing him, but never asserted for a moment that he
was a boy only 14 years of age. The testimony of
the military surgeon who inspected him was that
his height was Mt. 43in., his weight 1201b5., and
that he measured 32 inches round the chest, so that
at all events he must have been a most precocious
boy of 14. (Laughter.) The Commander-in-Chief
could have had no interest in detaining the recruit,
except as the guardian of the public interests. Dur-
ing the Russian war he (Col. North) had had occa-
sion to apply to the Horse Guards for the discharge
of a boy who had been enlisted under age, and he
found great difficulty in obtaining it, simply on
public grounds, but the moment he produced a cer-
tificate of birth, showing the real age of the boy, be
was at once handed over to his parents. (Hear.) All
he could say was, that from the knowledge he had
of the character of his Royal Highness the Com-
mander-in-Chief, if there had been grounds for re-
fusing the discharge of the boy referred to by the
hon. member for Birmingham, neither the urgent
remonstrances of Mr. Bright nor anything else,
would have influenced his decision. (Cheers.) With
regard to the term " unmitigated scoundrels," he
(Col. North) could only tell Mr. Bright that if he
referred to the non-commissioned officers of the army,
they were no more unmitigated scoundrels than he
(Mr. Bright) was an unmitigated scoundrel himself.
(Laughter and cheers.) Their respectability as a
class, their devotion to their Sovereign, and, their
gallantry upon all occasions had secured for them
the respect and esteem of the whole country.
(Cheers.) No regiment could exist without its non-
commissioned officers, and instead of being unmiti-
gated scoundrels, they formed one of the most effi-
cient branches of the service. (Hear.) Adverting to
another subject connected with the army, Mr.
Bright said—" But have you not seen within the
last day or two what they do with their recruits
when they get them ? Have you read in the papers
the account of the brutal flogging of one of these
young recruits down at Woolwich ? I am afraid
to read the extract that has been sent to me by
some gentleman who wished particularly that I
would refer to it on this occasion. There were two
soldiers, but of one of them it is stated his back
when they began with him was covered with a mass
of red inflated boils, which bled profuselrat every
stroke, and reddened the ground under his feet."
Now the officer who commanded at Woolwich was
General Sir R. Dacres, a most humane man, and
certainly a person who could not be accused of un-
necessary harshness. The recruit's name was
Davis. He enlisted on the sth of March, 1859,
and absented himself from the regiment on the 23d
for three days. He was tried for the offence, and
being a young recruit, was sentenced to a moderate
punishment, but on the 31st of March he deserted
again, and was not brought back for some months.
He was again tried and sentenced to receive fifty
lashes, and to be imprisoned for 84 days ; but from
feelings of humanity, Sir R. Dacres remitted the
imprisonment. The man, on being taken down
from the halberds, after receiving his punishment,
to show his contempt of the authorities, began to
crow like a cock, and the moment he came out of
hospital he deserted for a third time. It was for
that third offence that he had been recently flogged,
and every one of the military surgeons who had
examined him declared that the statement of Mr.
Bright was false. The punishment of flogging
for desertion in the army had only been lately
sanctioned by Parliament in the Mutiny Act, and
it was absolutely necessary, because during last
year alone there was no less than 11,000 deser-
tions, and it must be borne in mind that every sol-
dier cost the country for his kit and his bounty
alone £6 18s., independently of which, a large ex-
pense was incurred in drill. With regard to thepunish-
merit of flogging, he had no hesitation in saying that
it was a degrading punishment, but it was intended
to be a degrading one. No doubt it was a severe
punishment, and he himself had seen both officers
and men faint while it was being inflicted, and if
Mr. Bright, or any other man, would provide an
effectual substitute, hehad no doubt the whole army
would gladly receive it. (Hear.) As to the opinions
of Mr. Bright with regard to the officers of the
army, the officers of the army cared very little for
anything he might say. (Laughter and cheers.)
In conclusion, ho begged to propose " The Health
of the Army and Navy."
Several other toasts having been drunk, the pro-
ceedings were brought to a close.

BRITISH ARCILiEOLOGICAL ASSO-

LI 4 TION.

NEWBURY, WEDNESDAY.

The members of this association, joined by a
number of the local gentry having a taste for
archaeology, began yesterday morning the series of
excursions which had been arranged for the week.
The neighbourhood abounds with objects of historic
interest, and it will require from six to seven hours
each, day to get through the programme before the
assembling of the congress in the hall in the even-
-1 ing. Archaeology has found many votaries in the
ladies, and some of them have evinced a consider-
able acquaintance with localities and events which
occupy a conspicuous position in the histcry of the
town and its environs.
The excursionists were ready by 10 o'cloCk, and
the cavalcade of open and close carriages, char-a-
bancs. and other vehicles, quite astonished the quiet
inhabitants of Newbury, many of whom could
scarcely imagine that their town and neighbourhood
would ever have been visited by such a number of
celebrated antiquaries and archaeologists as are now
temporarily sojourning here.
T.; e first place visited was Wash-common, about a
mile from the town, where two battles were fought
during the civil wars of Charles I. More than two
centuries ago, this month, the first engagement
took place, the King commanding the Royalists in.
person, an the Earl of Essex the Parliamentary
forces. The excursionists next proceeded to the
park of the Countess of Craven, at Henstead, where
are some mounds of interest in relation to former
struggles. Avignon, a parish about six miles south-
west of the town, was afterwards reached, and the
church and vicarage were greatly admired. The
former, in the interior, is a very curious specimen
of Saxon architecture. As the weather changed to
rain and hail, with a bitterly cold wind, the caval-
cade made for Shaw-house, the residence of Mr.
Henry Richard Eyre, who gave all a cordial wel-
come, and invited them to partake of his hospitality.
The encampment at Speen and Speen Church could
not be reached, as the weather would not admit of
the parts' travelling any longer.
In the evening the Congress was again held un-
der•the presidency of the Earl of Carnarvon. A
paper on the legends of Wayland Smith, prepared
by that celebrated antiquary Mr. Thomas Wright,
NA as read. This was succeeded by one from Mr.
Pettigrew•on the• death of Lady Amy Robsart, at
Cuinnor, in 1560. Mr. Pettigrew sought to show
that most of what had hitherto been written in re-
ference to this subject bore more the character of
fiction and romance than real historical truth, and
that Ashmole had so far imbibed the prejudices of
the people that he asserted all as facts without be-
ing careful to test their accuracy. He read the
letters whica passed between Lord Robert Dudley
and his cousin Blount, with other extracts from
ancient documents, and argued from them all that
the death of Lady Dudley was an accident, and that
Lord Robert had not incited any person to poison
her, nor, in fact, was poison administered to her.
A careful review of the whole facts, he stated, had
led him to the belief that no murder had been per-
petrated, and he rejoiced in taking a step to rescue
the character of Dudley from the stigma of having
been connected with the commission of so foul a
crime. Mr. Blundell did not sympathise in the
views of Mr. Pettigrew, and regarded the letters
which passed between Dudley and Blount as being
what, in his profession, was. technically called
showable," and made too much of a case. They
proved more of the guilt than the innocence of
Dudley. The sentiments expressed by Mr. Blun-
dell were warmly approved by the visitors, while a
small portion only were in favour of the views
enunciated by Mr. Pettigrew.
This morning the excursionists started off to visit
the once famous Roman city
.of Silchester. .The
Congress will assemble again in the evening, when
other papers will be read.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and PHIL...
Dysentery—Diarrhcea.--Daring the summer season these
diseases exact numberless victims from the thoughtless of
my age or either sex. The first derangement of the stomach
is neglected, and first irritation, succeeded by inflammation,
soon extends to the bowels. In some severe cases medicines,
given internally, only aggravate the malady ; what a bless-
ing is it, then, that Holloway's ointment, rubbed externally
over the abdomen, can arrest and cure the complaint ; after
being rubbed the abdomen should be loosely swathed in
flannel to afford support and uniformity of temperature,
FatinaceouS food alone should be taken. Whenever prac-
ticable, Holloway's pills ro
. should be administered in appro-
priate doses, unless increased irritation follow their use,
when the-cure can be accomplished by the ointment,

This table shows a very striking contrast in the
increase of the supply of flax as compared with our
other raw materials during the last quarter of a
century, and if the comparison had been carried
further back, the contrast would have been found
to be still greater. In broad terms, the supply of
cotton, wool, silk, and hemp may be said to be
three times greater now than it was in 1833, and
in each the steady and rapid increase during the
last fifteen years raises a fair presumption that we
are fairly in the way of providing year by year in-
creased means of sustaining those gieat branches
of industry. But how striking is the contrast in
respect to the supply of flax ! No doubt, as is the
case with wool, enly a part of the supply of flax is
imported, part being grown at home. But there is
no doubt that while the home growth of wool has
greatly increased, that of flax has diminished
during that period, in spite of the efforts of the
Irish Society, and of the annual prizes distributed
by means of a grant by Government from the Irish
reproductive loan fund. The truth is that more
valuable crops have taken the place of flax at home.
And it is perhaps one of the causes of the stationary
supply of flax that we have relied mainly upon the
old European sources where the land has every
year become more and more appropriated to the
growth of grain and other products for the food of
the increasing population. And this theory is
borne out if we only refer to the sources from whence
the main increase has taken place in the other arti-
cles of raw material. In the case of cotton, new
states in America have been "cultivated, and a great
extension has taken place in India. In the case of
wool the increased supplies have chiefly come from
the new fields of Australia, India, and the Cape of
Good Hope. In the case of silk the increased
supplies have come from the new sources of China
and India; and in the case of hemp the increased
supply is almost solely from India. Contrasted with
these striking facts, the supply of flax is confined
almost to the same sources that it was a quarter of
a century ago. The supply of flax in 1833 and in
1858 was as follows :

Russia and Prussia,
Holland
Belgium
Other counties

1833. 1858.
cwts. cwts.
924,240 .... 1,027,632
79,949 ... • 110,231
89,628 .... 96,98.5
35,815 .... 49,057

Total 1,129,632 1,283,905
There is, perhaps, nothing else connected with
English trade which shows so stationary and stag-
nant a character. Let us just see what change has
taken place in the other articles, in the quantities
imported from our growing Indian empire alone.

IMPORTED FROM INDIA. -
1833. 1858.
Cotton lbs. 32,755,000 132,720,000
Wool 3,721 17,333,000
Silk
Hemp and jute .. cwts 34,000 '
• • • 839,000
Flax
••••
Here we have a striking example of the manner
in which the great increase has taken place in the
import of those articles from the newly-opened fields
of India alone, Were'we to carry the comparison to
China, Australia, and to South Africa, the oontrast
in the several articles would b© still greater. But
why has India done nothing for flax and our linen
manufacture ? Is it because it possesses no capa-
bilities for its production ? Not at all. The linen
manufacturers may have been slow to appreciate the
fact, but if we are to judge by a deputation—the
deputation which note long ago waited upon Lord
Sanley—they are at least in part alive to it now.
The subject of the production of flax in India
engaged much of the attention of the Committee of
the House of Commons which sat upon. Indian
colonisation during the last two sessions of Parlia-
ment, In their report they say;--'(Great complaints
of the want of a supp,ly of flax are made b 7 the
account closed or working short time.
linen manufactwers of this country. Many mills
are on this.
It is stated in the evidence that, with a good sup-

ply, we might double our linen trade. There ap-
pears to be a promise of an abundant supply in the
Punjaub. But the right mode of preparing the flax
is not understood. It is considered that an agent
might be advantageously sent out on the part of the
Flax Association, to guide and superintend the la.
boar of the natives. It is said that their attention
has been hitherto directed to the production of the
seed rather than to the improvement of the fibre.
For the export of flax, the rising port of Kurrachee
would have the advantage over- St. Petersburg of
being open throughout the year. Of this and other
products of the soil, it is stated by severarwitnesses
that the best mode of dealing for a European is to
buy the article from the natives instead of cultivat-
ing it ourselves." Let those who are interested in
the linen trade carefully peruse the evidence given
by Sir J. Lawrence before that committee on the
12th of July last, and they will at once discover thi
means by which the evil of which they complain
may be rectified. ,The Government have already in-
dicated the facilities by which a great trade may be
conducted cheaply and rapidly by means of rail-
ways and the Indus to the rising port of Kurrachee,
and from thence the freight would be nearly as
cheap as from St. Petersburg. The way is clearly
pointed out by which this anomaly of stagnation in
British trade may be overcome. The Government
is not slow to do its part ; let us see that the enter-
prise of Belfast, Leeds, and Dundee does the rest.
Let them take an example from Manchester.

'COLLISION AND LOSS OF LIFE A2'

SEA.

Capt. Murphy, of the barque Return, which ar-
rived at Greenock on Saturday from Quebec, nar-
rates as follows a collision between his vessel and a
French fishing schooner, whereby two of the crew
of the latter lost their lives :
" The Return left Quebec for the Clyde on the
18th of August. On the morning of Friday, the
26th, she was off the Green Bank of St. Peter's, on
the Banks of Newfoundland. The weather was
very thick, and there was a strong breeze, the ship
going ten knots on the-port tack, carrying all sally
with lights up. The starboard watch had just
come on deck at four a.m., when a slight
crash was heard, and a mast and sail were ob-
served coming right over the lee bow. Thought
it was part of the ship's own gear which had
broken down. Heard a voice cry out, and on look-
ing over the fore chains saw a man hanging on the
lee fore bowline, with heavy clothes and sea boots
on, but before he could be reached he dropped off,
and was lost. The cries of the others were also
heard, and the ship's helm was put hard down, and
she was got up in the wind. The boat was got out
with all despatch, and three men and a boy were
picked up. The vessel run down was a French
fishing schooner, of about 30 tons. She was a ten-
der to the French brig Granville, of St. Malo. The •
crew of tbe schooner consisted of five men and a
boy. Those saved were Louis Raoul, master ;
Eugene Roussel, Armadie Busson, boy, and another
man, name not given. Those lost were Jean Mare
Mounae and Joseph Baslete. It appeared that the
four who were saved were all below at the time 01
the collision, but had managed to scramble lift!
deck ; and it is supposed that the two men 107
were on the watch on deck, and who have perished,
had fallen asleep. One of them sank beside the
"master just as the boat which picked the latter UP
was nearing him. When struck, the schooner aP:
pcared to be on the same tack as the barque, but
closer hauled in the wind. She' was right on the
barque's lee bow, and was cut clean in two, the one
part passing the barque on the one side, and
other part on the other. In the course of the same
morning, shortly after the disaster, the Return
spoke another French schooner lying at anchor on
the eastern edge of the Banks of Newfoundland,
and put the master of the lost vessel and one of the
men and the boy on board. , The remaining man,
Eugene Roussel, has been brought home with the
Return. On the 28th the brig Eugene, of Gran"
ville, was spoken, out of provisions, and the Return
gave her a barrel of bread, getting some fish in el"
change."

COUNTRY MARKBTS.

NEWARK.-SEPT. 14.

---
There was a fair show of wheat to-day, which sold well
at an advance of is upon late rates. Little barley on offer
at previous prices. The trade in oats was slow, and itt 11
prices were barely realised. Beans in small supply, Au"
at barely late prices.
White wheat, new, 42s to 46s Barley, grinding.. 28s to 301
Red do. 4le to 45s Oats, old, .. 285 to 311
Old white 44s to 483 New do 24s to 31,1,1
Red do.. 40s to 44s Beans. 473 to uu°
Barley, malting.— 363 to 435 Beans, new —s to -*1

HULL-SEp. 13.

At our market to-day we had a verysmall supply of Eng'
Bah wheat, which was cleared off at fully is to 2e per qr.
above last week's prices for both new and old ; foreign of
fine quality held for a similar advance, which checked busi-
ness. Barley for malting in good request, but grinding
parcels met a slower demand, at lower rates. Oats were
neglected, but prices were not lower. Beans and peas were
a slow sale, and prices in favour of buyers.
Wheat.... Old white per qr. 46s Od to 48s Od
Old red
New white .. ~
New red .... ,
• Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 48s Od to 50s Od
Dutch, Belgian, and French 46s Od to 488 u 0,..,
Baltic and Hamburg, red
toto 40s
ss
odwUa...
St. Petersburg and Riga, old. 40s Od to 42s Ua,..3
Barley.... English malting
Grinding 3os Od to 32s
Saal and Oderbruck
Holstein and Danish 3os Od to 31w ()a
Grinding
Oats English, old
.... 22 64 es 00 dd tt oo 22 96 ss 04
Archangel and Riga, per st.. Os lid to 11,L
Swedish and Danish 0;11a to Osllod
"
Friesland and Dutch'
Beans ....English, old, per qr.
~,
New pigeon. 4os Od to 42s r',
New tick.......... - 398 Od to 408 LPL`
ri

Egyptian
ad
Peas Foreign breakers
Grinding
Tares ....Winter
—s Od to --El ~,
Indian Corn
Linseed, feeding
Oa
crushing
Linseed cakes (Hull) £8 12 6to an LA 0
Foreign 715 oto 8 7 6
Rape cakes 6
415 oto 411 0
Bones 415 oto u

MARKET HARBOROUGH—SEPT..I3.
There was a moderate show of wheat, which met sll° to
demand, at about former rates. White wheat,
47s ; red, Ms to 42s per 36 stone. Barley in limited io
tities at former terms-36s to 425. Oats were a fair 8465;
from 20s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans (old), at as W
new, —s to —Byer 38 stone.

MELTON MOWBRAY—SEPT. 13.
_..to
There was a fair show of wheat to-day, with a 112°c1_6724
business at the annexed prices :—White wheat, new od
Od to 458 Od ; old, 44s Od to 47s per 36 st. ; beans, 300
to 54s Od per 38 st. ; barley, 38s to 44s Od per qr. ; oats, 3a
to 355; new, 24s to 27s per 24 st.

DUBLIN—SEPT. 14.
Our market was brisk, with a large supply of new s' ttrer
and we note the prices of best wheat as fully Od t!enitui
from last market. Oats were a slow sale, and noinl sad
unaltered in price. Malting barley was in fair requelt,oot
also beret at Friday's currencies. Indian corn wa°
without inquiry.

- - s. d. a. d.
Wheat, white 22 0 to 23 0
Do., red 2O 0 to 21 6
Do., new
Barley
Oats
Do., black l4 0 to 15 0

s. 0. o g
Do., new 11 0to1: 0
Bere .
Rapeseed 20 0t022 6
Oatmeal l2 6to let 0
Bakers' flour
Indian corn

- a Ito"
The electric telegraph to Melbourne all . rein
laide is in constant use, and affords a remuneratill.forcea
nue. Indeed, the amount of business transacted bas d wire•
on the government the absolute necessity of a sec° erld
Wires to Bathurst and to Maitland were in progres'o'rtant
will shortly convey messages between those 1111 P
towns and the Australian metropolis.

BELL.a—moeisißtheell,lE3tshqins. BIRTHS.
t.aat
alu,
gph
Devonshire-plane,
rshire-plalettilee i:Oaf
CLARKSON.—On the 14th inst., at Woodford,
Horace Clarkson, Esq., of a daughter. said,
COOPER.—On the 13th inst., at Thames Dittos,
Mrs. Henry Cooper, of a daughter. 1441°
DOWN.—On the 13th inst., at Rose-hill, Dorking, the
of James Dundas Down, Esq., of a son.
M MR, RIAG ES.
irlill
JACKSON—JOHNSON.—On the 14th inst., - 313)2
House, Robert Edmund Scoresby Jackson, Eljizsbet''
F R.C.S.E., 18, Queen-street, Edinburgh, t°
Whyte, only child of Sir Wm. Johnson, of ICir"— tiaeXt
DAVIES—CnomrToN.—On the 13th inst,. Llunnsaviet
Church; Pembrokeshire., the Rev. J. Lew.,,earl,—elde.;
rector of Christ Church, St. Marylebone, to itiswienW
daughter of the Hon. Mr. Justice Crompton, of 1.4
nen House, and Hyde-park-square, London.
DEATHS. virreillsll3'
CIINLITTE.—On the 10th inst., at Acton-park, —B. - joists
General Sir Robert Henry Cunliffe, Bart.,
C.
Army, aged 75. (wive,
OREIVE.—;O3I the 13th inst., suddenly, Mr. Tboti. Water
of the firm of Greive and Grellier, Belvedere-road,
• 100-bridge. 80910
HANCOCR.—On the 12th inst at his residence,
Villa, New-road, Hammersmith, Thos. llaneoci"
aged 75, jobil
HIGELATT.—On the 16th July, at Dugshaie, India'
Sharp Highatt, aged 30. vicage, 19,1:
H ar
ormswearx.—On the 12th inst., at the ,r gala'
borough, Albinia, wife of the "Rev. George 41'.
worth. Kemp Stlirge°l4
STURGEON.--On the 13th inst., James
Esq., Springfield Lodge, Dorking, Surreys. round stiebely
STTEBEL.—On the 11th inst., suddenly, Sigi
Esq,, of 30, Gordon-square, aged 69.
---n—VOIII4Gt
LONDON : Printed and Published by Su Office, No.
llof
softrNanod.
theStre =Pre%ini
,
in
tn 2 th
Middlesex, Thursday, September 1b,y1,4 leu7*
Pro taet Sart oB'a°te co ' 00