The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-28 00:00:00

171 TE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 28, 1859.

THE EDINBURGII D
HINNER TO LORD
BROUGAM.

The dinner given by the citizens of Edinburgh to
Lord. Brougham took place in the music-hall there.
The hall was crowded in every part. The number
of gentlemen who sat down to dinner exceeded 650,
and the galleries were filled by a brilliant assem-
blage of the fair sex and of gentlemen who were
unable, from the extraordinary demand for tickets,
to obtain access to the table s. The distinguished
great was received on enterieg the hall, eliortly
after six o'clock, with a most cordial and universal
welcome. The chair was occupied by Sir John
Melville, Lord Provost, on whose right sat Lord
Brougham, the Earl of Rosslyn, the Lord Justice-
Mr.
General, the Solicitor-General, Lord Naves,
Adam Black, M.P., Professor Pillans, Lord Dees,
and the Lord Advocate (croupier). On the left of
the chair were the Duke of Argyll, the Earl of
Kintore, the Lord Justice-Clerk, Sir John..A...l'Neill,
G.C.8., Sir W. Craig, Lord Curriehill, frofessor
A 3 toun, Principal Barclay, and Mr. R. Chambers
(croupier).
Apologies were received from the Lord Chancel-
lor of England, who was detained in London from
having to officiate at the prorogation of Parlia-
ment ; the Duke of Roxburgh, the Earl of Elgin,
the Earl of Stair, the Earl of Rosebery, Lord Pan-
mure, Lord Dunfermline, Lord Abercromby,
Lord Jerviswoode, Lord Ardmillan, Sir Gra-
ham Montgomery, M.P., Sir Edward Cole-
brooke, M.P., Colonel Sykes, M.P., Mr. E. H. J.
Craufurd, M.P., Mr. James Caird, Mr.
A. Kinnaird, M.P., Professor Campbell Swinton,
Mr. Campbell, of Craigie, Mr. Leonard Horner, &c.
Sir JOHN. MELVILLE in fitting terms introduced
the usual loyal and patriotic toasts. To that of the
"Navy and Army," Capt. Peat, R.N., and the Earl
of Rosslyn replied. The next toast was " Her
Majesty's Ministers," to which
The Duke of ARGYLL replied. He said,—l know,
very well that the kindness with which you have
received this toast is neither from personal nor from
political feeling, but simply from that goodwill and
regard which every public assembly in this country
bears to those who may for the time be intrusted
with the high responsibility of conducting public
affairs. (Applause.) And, gentlemen, when I recol-
lect that since the year 1853, when I first had the
honour of being in a position to reply to such a toast
as this, there have been no less than four successive
Governments in this country, giving an average
duration to each of somewhere about 19 or 20
months. (A-laugh, and cheers!) I cannot feel, there-
fore, that this toast has any personal or peculiar
position, or that it is otherwise than in some respects
an impersonal and abstract toast (renewed
laughter and cheers)—because our position as Mi-
n isters of this country partakes in a very large degree
of that incertitude which is said to belong to all sub-
lunary affairs. (Cheers.) Therefore I will only say,
in thanking you for this toast, that with regard to
home affairs, I trust that that stream of steady and
continuous improvement which is the very life-
blood of our political institutions, and in consequence
of which they unite the vigour and authority of age
with the vigour also and elasticity of youth—that
that current will not be allowed to stand still in our
time. And, with regard to foreign affairs, I will only
say that I trust we shall be abl°e to maintain the in-
terests and the honour of the country ; that, on the
one hand, we may be preserved from the great error
of undue interference when neither these interests
nor that honour is concerned ; and that, on the other
hand, we may be preserved from the other error—
the policy of selfish isolation, which would deprive
us of our just influence in the councils of the
-world. (Loud cheers.) And, lastly, gentlemen,
that when that influence is called for, and when it
can be exercised with propriety, it will be given in
favour of those principles of justice, of humanity,
and of freedom which are the mainsprings of all
our own blessings. (Loud cheers.)
The toastmaster then called for an overflowing
bumper, and
The LORD PROVOST rose amid loud and prolonged
cheers to propose the toast of the evening. His
lordship said—l now ask you to dedicate this toast
to Henry Lord Brougham—(enthusiastic applause)
—whom we have this day met to honour, in grate-
ful recognition of a career of unrivalled brilliancy
in literature, science, and statesnanship, which has
rendered his name illustrious throughout the civi-
lised world, and will carry his memory down to
posterity as one of the greatest benefactors to his
country, who has lived in an age remarkable for
men of large and enlightened philanthropy.
(Loud applause.) More than half a century has
elapsed since our distinguished guest became a
member of the bar of Scotland—a body of men
which has always been celebrated for the intellec-
tual acquirements of its members. Even before he
had joined the Scottish bar, and when a youthful
student at our University, he had given evidence
of that vast intellectual power which was destined
to exhibit to the world the rare and, I believe I
may say with perfect truth, the unexampled com-
bination in one individual of the talents and gifts
of the orator, statesman, lawyer, man of science and
of letters, the qualities of each of which call forth
our admiration when found in any individual singly,
• but which excite our wonder and delight when
found, as they are, marvelously blended in the
person of our illustrious guest. (Loud applause.)
He has prosecuted with untiring energy the course
of scientific inquiry and original discovery which
he first began at our university, and which has
given him a high rank among the philosophers of
our day. It is with feelings of unmingled satisfac-
tion that I can refer in proof of what I now state to
one whose testimony will be viewed with peculiar
interest by this assemblage. I allude to an eminent
philosopher whom I expected to have seen on this
platform—Sir D. Brewster—and who has been pre-
vented from appearing here to-night by the most
insurmountable obstacles. In his " Life of Sir
Isaac Newton," that great philosopher bears testi-
mony to the value of the discoveries made by his
early. friend and coadjutor in science—discoveries
commenced at the age of 17, and continued with
unabated vigour till the present time. There is
scarcely a subject within the whole range of our
literature that has not been embraced within the
grasp of his powerful intellect, and elucidated by
his genius. History, science, philosophy, State po-
licy, education, have all occupied his pen, and been
improved and illustrated by his efforts. While
Lord Brougham has enriched our literature by con-
tributions to science and philosophy, his attention
has been constantly directed to promote the social
wellbeing of all classes in the State. He has borne
a prominent and conspicuous part in every measure
of importance which has passed through Parliament
during the eventful period in which he has been a
member of the Legislature, and yet his literary and
scientific labours have been prosecuted with an as-
siduity, earnestness, and success as great as if they
had formed .the sole object of his attention. His
name is associated with most of the recent improve-
ments in our criminal and civil jurisprudence, and
his powerful talents have ever been exerted to pro-
. mote the interests of independence and freedom,and to
protect the innocent and oppressed. (Applause.)
His is the proud distinction of having most power-
fully contributed to bring to a successful issue those
measures which great and wise and good men had
long ago been labouring to accomplish for the pur-
pose of aboliShing the accursed traffic in human
blood, and of raising Great Britain to the high and
noble position of being, along with her dependen-
ciesethe abode of the free and the free alone. (Loud
and prolonged repplause.) The noble lord has lived
to see the time wnen experience has proved that
the. forebodings of evil from this act of justice to an
injured raco were visionary, and that the natural
concomitants of freedom are happiness, tranquillity,
and peace. What, above all, has endeared the
noble lord to his countrymen, and given him a last-
ing place in their warmest affections, is the constant
and unceasing devotion of his great intellect to the
deviSing of measures for the instruction of the peo-
ple, and raising the humbler classes of his country-
men to a higher platform in the scale of social life.
(" Rear, hear," and applause.) . While we admire
the genies which has produced results such as these
And
many others which no feeble language of mine
can describe, we carnnot fail also to recognise and
feel grateful for then self-sacrifice and patriotic devo-
tion which were indispensableboastf to their accomplish-
ment. It was a proud err. the Lord Chancel-
lor of England to declare on lathe last time
from the woolsack that he had not left
asingle case
(Hear.)
unheard or a single letter unanswered.
In office and out of office the same course
en-
lightened and philanthropic interest intheofwe-
being of his country has been evinced by the great
man now in the midst of us, to whose genius and
patriotism we, the inhabitants of this, his native
city, are assembled to do homage—a homage, I re-
joice to say, willingly offered alike by political ad-
herents and political opponents ; for when the names
by which our party differences are known shall
have passed into oblivion the name of Henry
Broughan will live in the grateful" recollections of
his countrymen, as having been gifted not with
matchless genius alone, but with matchless devotion
also, to the dearest interests of the human race.
(His-lordship resumed his scat amid enthusiastic
and prolonged applause.)
Lord BROUGHAM, who was received with most
enthusiastic cheering, said,—My Lord and Gentle.
men, I assure you that though I use an ordinary ex-
pression, it is not the less correct when I say that I
want words to express my feelings upon the pre-
sent occasion. (Applause.) This great assembly,
preceded by an invitation from men of all classes
and of all parties, and of all sects without distinc-
tions I consider is one of the two greatest blessings
and honours of a net very short and a very
variegated life. (Applause.) The being chosen to
represent the great c,Qunty of York in Parliament

is the other—(cheers)—and these two I deem by
very much the greatest honours of my whole exis-
tence. (Applause.) Your worthy Irasident, the
Lord Provost, has mentioned my still continuing to
work, though I might perhaps claim the benefit of
rest after so long a life of labour; but the real trnth
is—and I venture to utter it in the presence of
many younger friends, as it imparts a useful prac-
tical lesson--as expressed by the great Christian

poet, Cowper,—
" A want of occupation is not rest,
A mind quite vacant is a mind distressed."
(Loud applause.) And I know one illustration of
this maxim, that a worthy man to whom I was
oftentimes opposed in party conflicts—opposed on
principle on my part, as he was opposed on princi-
ple to me on his—l mean the late Lord Liverpool,
so long at the head of the Government of this coun-
try, and who had the singular satisfaction of pre-
siding over the Government during the immortal
victories of Wellington, always stated that it was
his plan to read a certain portion every day of some-
thing unconnected with the cares of office. For he
said he knew the time must come sooner or later
when office would cease to occupy him, and where
should he be, he said, if he had no means of filling
up his time, for reading then would alone remain to
him ? (Applause.) I have known many brethren of
mine in the profession of the law who entirely de-
viated from this maxim. I could name two or three
of the most remarkable of them, who, I don't be-
lieve, ever opened a book since they left college—
(laughter and applause)—with the exception of pro-
fessional books, of course ; but any book not con-
nected with their profession—anything they were
not bound to read—they hardly ever read, except-
ing, perhaps, the newspaper, and not always that.
(Laughter and applause.) Much wiser was Lord
Liverpool's maxim, and so will every man feel who
applies it to his own case, to prepare him for the
rest, or that which is commonly called rest—namely,
the change in the application of his mind. (Cheers.)
We know that men as well as animals are rested
when they change the muscles that they put in ac-
tion. A long, fatiguing journey will be rest to the
horse as well as to the rider if it is up hill or down
hill, instead of being always on a level. It calls
into action a new set of muscles, and so the man
enjoys what alone should be called rest—is re-
lieved, from fatigue by changing the application
of his faculties, and by looking at, thinking of,
reading of, and discussing other subjects than those
which usually come under his eye. (Hear.) You
will excuse me from stepping aside to give-this
little practical hint to many of my brethren in the
profession whom I see around me. (Hear, hear,
and a laugh.) My Lord Provost, I have referred
to my connexion with Yorkshire as the other great
honour and great event in my life. I must add that
when I was living among my own constituents it
was a very painful reflection to consider—though I
was received ke them most affectionately and
kindly, no doubt—that in some parts even of that
county, and in many parts of other counties in
England, there prevailed a degree of corruption in
the exercise of the elective franchise that almost
made men doubt, not only whether the franchise
should be extended, but have led them to doubt
whether it was of any use at all. It must be highly
gratifying to think that this observation does not
apply to Scotland. (Hear, and cheers.) There
may have been in years past one single exception
or thereabouts, only proving the rule, but electoral
corruption does not exist in Scotland. (Loud
cheers.) Of some parts of England, of too many
parts of it, it may be said—
" At gold's betwitching charms the franchise flies—
The meaner sell it, and the rich man buys."
(Applause.) Until it is extirpated, and extirpated
with a steady, unflinching, and strong hand, the
constitution of this country will be on its trial.
(Hear, and cheers.) That it will survive I enter-
tain no manner of doubt, because I entertain no
manner of doubt that that corruption will be en-
tirely extirpated. (Cheers.) It is now 25 years
since I last had the happiness of being in this great
city, and the lapse of those years had created so
many blanks ---[here his lordship seemed much
moved]—that I dare not trust myself to think of
them. To think that I am surviving all those
friends whom I might have expected to see here
to-day—friends of all ages, the last and greatest loss
of all Lord Murray, but very shortly before that John
Hope, Lord Justice Clerk, of a younger age—but I
cannot bear to dwell on that subject. I would only
add that these reflections yield the only drop of
bitterness that is in the cup which you have pre-
sented to me this night. (Hear, hear.) But five-
and-twenty years have made another change—a
change of a happy description. I have survived, I
won't say party, but I have survived the rancour
and delusions of party. (Loud cheers.) I have
survived those delusions which allowed no merit
to an adversary and admitted no fault in a friend ;
that mixed blindness and rancour, I have happily
survived. '(Cheers.) I had, indeed, to a certain
degree anticipated it myself ; but still it is a happy
thing to have it to say that we have the raro feli-
city of the times to comfort us—the felicity of the
times which were described by an old Roman when
you can speak what you think, and think as you
list. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) " Rara temporum
felicitas, übi sentire qum velis, et gum sentias dicere
licet." I wish the Romans of the present day had
that happiness. (Cheers.) They have only half of
it; they are allowed to think as they please, pro-
vided they do not speak what they think. (Hear,
and a laugh.) Ido fervently trust that out of the
strange confusion—for I can call it nothing else—
which prevails in Italian affairs, I can hardly say I
expect, but I hope to see something like a real
existence of freedom and independence in that part
of Italy. (Cheers.) From the total absence of
party rancour, spleen, and blindness at present one
may venture to say a word on the state of things
at home and abroad. (Hear, hear.) As for our
home affairs, I entirely agree with my noble friend
the Duke of Argyll that we must continue to make
useful and well-considered and practical improve-
ments, as he happily expressed it, to peseEve to
our constitution the moderation and wisdom of age
with the vigour of youth. (Cheers.) As to our
foreign concerns, there may be various opinions
about the late war in Italy. Some may think that
it was undertaken with the single and honest pur-
pose of freeing the Italians. There may be others
less innocent in their belief (laughter), who may
have a hankering after an opinion that it was not
alien to the plan and motive of the war to give the
King of Piedmont a great piece of the territories
of the Emperor of Austria. Be that as it may, and
be the cause of that war ever so suspicious, nay, be
it ever so unjustifiable, my belief is that out of it,
if it be evil, good has come, for there is a cer-
tain, indeed a great step, I may say, made
towards the independence of the Italian people.
(Cheers.) My hope, Ido not deny, is to see them
under the King of Sardinia, as the only practical
mode of insuring their own independence. (Cheers.)
I entirely agree with my noble friend Lord John
Russell—my noble Scotch kinsman, I may call him
—who held the other day, when he received the
freedom of the city of Aberdeen, that the cardinal
view for this country to take was that no foreign
Power should interfere with the affairs of the
Italians; that they should take their own course,
side with the party they chose, and that no foreign
State should interfere to sly-nay to them, or to say
" Why do you so ?" or "Do otherwise." (Cheers.)
But have we no interest in all these matters, direct,
important ? I look to France. I have very great
confidence in the duration of the more peaceable
connexion—l hope I may say alliance—with that
country. And why should it not be so ? (Hear.)
Why should not France, possessing all that a na-
tion ought to desire, and endowed with all good
things, not innocently and hmulessly enjoy them,
and why should she be tempted to do what is un-
lawful ? Our first parents had in unmeasured abun
dance all their wants supplied, and all lawful en-
joyments allowed; but the Tempter came; the fiend,
the father of mischief envied their innocence from
which he himself had fallen ; he hated that inno-
cence and envied the happiness which was its fruit,
and he resolved on their ruin. He addressed him-
self to the weaker party, as the most likely not to
resist. In an evil hour he was listened to ; our first
parents fell, and they involved the world in the
curse of their transgression. So with France. Every
comfort which a nation can desire is theirs. Glory
is theirs, even of the kind which erring mortals
prize ; of warlike glory they have enough to satisfy
the most ambitious nation. In the sacred pursuits
of peace their renown is immense. They have the
foremost place in .all the glories of the arts and
sciences. But the same Tempter, ever restless,
envies their innocence and their gains, and he
must needs address himself to the weaker portion
orftte.mA,
Again
nauhse eth
atportion is the less likely to
es
must tempt them, but this time it
is not with an apple, but with the laurel. (A
luVi
ths w
laugh.) "What
pursuits—what he
sa
lookingys afterto
comfort of your lookingfamilitne:B:i,geosn'ri"ihs. after gains,
The true motive for a great na-
ct"iroonvellillengyei-guainisseglory, warlike glory. Of it, no
doubt, you have had a great deal already, but it is
a thin,? of which you never can have enough.
I turn your minds to war and to the glorqes.
of war." " Don't suppose," says the Father of
that you will cease to lie able to make your ordi-
nary gains in your wonted pursuits. By looking
after warlike glory you will still be able to carry
on those pursuits ; if you make discord prevail
generally you will suffer much no doubt, but other
nations will suffer more. Therefore seek that glory
by all means. No price is too great to pay for it,
no sacrifice is too great to make for it. Let your
name be emblazoned, let it be written in brilliant
letters of fire; and if the conflagration spreads you
can extinguish it with blood, while the air rings
with the cries of misery. Glory, glory :at all ha-

glory at all costs; glory will be cheaply
pur-
chased by the blood of thousands and the wretched-
ness Will our neighbours
? I am sure the rational and
nliesstsen of millions mtihlleio ln,esm r
p,,er
respectable part of them—the great bulk of the
people—will turn with indignation from his words,
and will not give ear. Even those he singles out,
the weaker part of them whom he has chosen as
most likely to be his victims and his dupes, the
mobs, armed and. unarmed both, even that part of
the community' really do not think will be tempted
by him; but of this I am quite sure, that whether
or not the Tempter's wiles may succeed in this case,
I know where he will fall. When he spreads his
murky wings, and takes his inauspicious flight
across the Channel, when he tries his arts on us,
there he will fail to obtain audience for his words.
(Cheers.) He will not come over here in a warlike
garb ; he will leave his laurel behind him. (A
laugh.) He'll come to us as a respectable, prudent,
well-conducted counsellor of gain and of trade. He
will say, " The first of all objects is gain. Gain is
worth all the glories that ever were fancied in the
world. Study gain." And so he tempts them with
the golden apple, not with the laurel. (Hear, hear,
and cheers.) " Study gain," he says. " Let gain be
your first object. National independence may be a
very good thing in its way, but it may cost too dear.
You cannot be much worse off, happen what will."
But I believe the meanest-spirited. individual in the
whole British Empire to whom he addresses these in-
fernal words—(loud cheers)—willanswer, "Avaunt,
Satan !" and refuse to listen to him for another word.
But he is unabashed. He is of infinite perseverance,
and never despairs. He is of infinite pertinacity,
and of infinite resources also, so he tries another
tack. " What are you afraid of ?"—and I wish we
may be so certain of his having no listeners in this
—" What are you afraid of? Nobody is going to
attack you—there is no chance of any attack. Why
should you spend so much of your substance in
making preparations for your defence ? (Applause.)
These preparations are costly and they are use-
less." I fear some of you may listen to that. But
the great body of the people of this country, high
and low, rich and poor, of all ranks, of all parties,
of all descriptions, of all seats, must know and feel
to the heart's core, that that is the most dangerous
of all the Tempter's wiles—(loud cheers)—that it is
the most perilous of all the fiend's devices, and that
there is but one safety for this couutry, and that is
to be prepared by sea and by land, in every way in
hich an attack is possible, however unlikely such
attack may be, and prepared in such a way as to
make it utterly impossible not only that the attack
shouldsucceed, but that it should be even attempted.
(Loud cheers.) And I firmly believe there never
was a more universal feeling of assent in this coun-
try to any one doctrine than to this, that we don't
distrust our neighbours—very far from that, we
trust them, but we trust ourselves still more.
And we do the best and kindest thing for these
neighbours and for ourselves in being completely and
absolutely prepared for whatever may happen.
(Cheers.) Once more I must return you my hearty
thanks for this reception you have given me, which
I shall never cease to regard. as the highest honour
—as I before said, there is only one other honour
to which I could compare it—of my whole exist-
ence. And once more I heartily thank you,
first, for this invitation, and nextifor the reception
you have given me, and, last of all, for having so
pltiently listened to what I have now said. (As
the noble lord sat down the whole company rose up
and loudly cheered him.)
Mr. MONCREIFF, Lord Advocate, in proposing
" The Education of the People," said—Although,
my,lord, as you have very truly said, there are few
topics in the wide range of statesmanship, philoso-
phy, or letters with which the name of our distin-
guished guest is not honourably associated through-
out Europe, there is one question which I have been
asked to make the subject of the toast which I am
about to propose which I think every one here will
feel to be peculiarly appropriate on the present oc-
casion. It has been the rare fortune of Lord
Brougham to hold the front rank with the greatest
of our statesmen, our writers, our philosophers, and
our men of letters. But I surpose that no man has
thought or written or acted or laboured in the great
cause of the education of the people for the last 30
years without turning instinctively, as to his great
master and preceptor, with pride, with gratitude,
and admiration, to the name and to the labours of
Henry Lord Brougham. (Cheers.) 'lt was on this
field that I think he won his greatest, and I believe
I may truly say, his most undying laurels ; all the
more honourably won that the ground was all but
untrodden when he first commenced his career, and
that it did not lie directly in his path, either in the
pursuit of an arduous profession, or as the leader of
a great political party in Parliament. The noble
lord has told us to-night that he has survived many
things—some to be regretted, some whichhe gladly
has seen vanish ; but I believe his country will
never forget, and I believe posterity will never for-
get, the manful battle which he waged. single-
handed in the cause of the education of the people.
(Cheers.) We owe it to him, in conjunction with
other great labourers in the field, that we shall no
longer have to discuss the question whether the
slave is fit for freedom. (Hear.) 'We owe it to the
labour of his own right hand that our descen-
dants will never have to discuss whether man is fit
for knowledge. (Cheers.) The battle has been fought
with unexampled power and courage by the noble
lord. The time has gone by, and the victory has
been won ; or, to borrow perhaps from the words of
the peroration of one of the noble lord's most magni-
ficent orations, he can say he " found knowledge
the inheritance of the rich, and he has left it the
patrimony of the poor." (Cheers.) And glad are
we to find, after so long a life of labour in that
glorious cause, that the standard he has planted
with his own hand amid the gloom and clouds of
despondency, he still holds with his accustomed
vigour, waving it over the scene ef his triumph, and
holding it there still to show to the second and third
generation how the battlefield of educasion was won.
(Cheers.) Bat how has the victory been improved?
The battle has been won, and the education of the
people is now a cause in which all interested in the
welfare of the country are exerting themselves.
But how has the victory been improved ? There
are persons who rather reverse the motto of the
ancient Roman, and think it right always to de-
spair of the republic, and whom you hear speaking
of the scarcity of fruit which so much good seed
has produced, the meagre results of so many bril-
liant hopes and expectations. I cannot say that I
sympathise with any of these sentiments. It seems
to me that, looking back on the period since the
noble lord's exertions on education first began, that
a close observer may see in the whole state of
society little short of a social revolution. No doubt,
you cannot place your finger here and there, and
say that this and that result is attributable to the
education of the people. But I think it is plain that
the tide of intelligence has rolled over this country,
that the population now is no more in its habits, in
its modes of thinking, and in its style of thought
the population of 1819 than it is the population of
1745. There is a humanising element that has per-
vaded the whole mass, from that assembly, of which
the noble lord is so great an ornament, down to
the humblest in the empire. You sec it in the
Peers, you see it in the Commons, you see it in
the press, and in every institution in the land ;
you see it here to-night ; it is that element
which, beginning as it did, as I have already said,
amid much discouragement, has gone on until now
we are able to discuss with temper, with modera-
tion, and with yielding to each other questions
which in former days it was impossible to discuss,
excepting at the risk of very considerable difference
of opinion. (Cheers.) Now, I say that this is the
first result I would point to. But people say,
" Look at the statistics, and you will find that
there is more whisky consumed; you will find
it all ends in whisky and the statistics of crime
being increased." (A laugh.) What are you to
say for your education, according to these philo-
sophers, but that the noble lord ought to be re-
penting from the bottom of his heart the miseries
he has brought on the land ? (Laughter.) But I
think these are but shallow truths. Statistics will
never show you the effects of these efforts. Sta-
tistics may indeed tell you the aggregate and pro-
portion of crime and intemperance, but is it not
plain, in the first place, that by a natural law,
which it is impossible to withstand in this sub-
lunary state of things, we do produce both sweet
fruit and bitter ? No tree planted by human hand
can do otherwise. Knowledge brings enterprise,
enterprise brings prosperity, prosperity congre-
gates large masses in our great towns, and men
when congregated are prone to crime. So it is as
fruitless to point to the statistics of crime as afford-
ing any indication of the results of education, as it
would be to compare the social condition of Glas-
gow at the beginning- of this century with that
great Queen of the West who spreads her tendrils
.month by month and year by year over green fields
and growing corn, comprehending within h+ r
bounds a population drawn frotnt all parts or the
empire, outgrowing the old means of control, ail
calling loudly for new exertions. (Loud cheers.)
But en you where the results of education are to
be found. Don't look to statistics or blue-books,
but tell me how many a man has had his heart
warmed and cheered, has had his mind elevated—
as he has sat amid scenes of useful industry—}tow
many a man at the loom, in the shop, and down in
the lowly y mine, has had inspired into him the
noble feelings of mankind, and by dint of stern in-
dustry, like your Stephensons and men of that de-
scription, have walked, step by step, up the ladder
of fame, and mounted it, till at last, beginning at
the very bottom, they have found themselves at the
very head of it; or, not even to take these, how
many a man has been able to bring himself up from
small beginnings to a much lower station, but still

a station of respectability; or, not even that, tell
me how many men owe it to the noble lord that
they have been enabled .to bring up their families
with respectability, with good sense, with a know-
ledge of their duty to the State and to God—
(cheers)—tell me that ; count them, no blue-book
will tell it; biLt to every family and to every man
of whom that can be said, we can point and say,
" Hero arc the results of the triumphs of educa-
tion." (Loud and renewed cheers.) Ido not in-
tend to trespass longer upon your time. I shall
conclude with one single sentiment regarding the
future. The noble lord and his coadjutors—but he,
indeed, stood almost alone—had it in view when

their labours commenced—and none has it more at
heart now—to elevate the great mass of the work-
ing community of this country. I believe that has
been done to a degree which it is impossible to
gauge; but which, in all probability, it is difficult
to overrate. But there is a great deal more to be
done. My only observation—and with this I will
conclude—is this, that intelligence has so much
spread among the working classes of this country,
that they are so respected, so powerful, and so in-
telligent that I believe that the next great move-
ment in social reform and in educational economics
must be a movement in that cause by themselves—
that it is for the working men especially to provide,
or at all events to promote the cause of education
among themselves, and it is my belief that the time
is not far distant when, instead of standing upon
platforms and dwelling upon the benefits of educa-
tion to an educated audience like this before me, we
shall have the working men taking up the cause
themselves, and through the families of. the work-
ing classes themselves insisting that every child
shall be taught to read and write, and that educa-
tion shall be the standard among themselves of re-
spectability and worth. (Cheers.) I have to pro-
pose " The Education of the People." (The toast
was drunk amid loud cheering.)
Lord BROUGHAM then rose to propose " The
College of Justice." He said—My Lord Provost, I
am about to propose to you a toast in which I take
a very great interest, an interest, indeed, I may
say personally felt by me in it for very nearly 60
years—l mean the College of Justice, for next
February I shall have been for 60 years a member
of that great body (cheers), and I will say as to the
members of it, whether of the judges or of the
advocates, or of the writers, or other agents, all of
whom I have constant, I may say daily, experience,
in my judicial capacity in the House of Lords on
appeals, that I have there had the experience of
their sound sense, their wisdom, and their liberality
in the various measures for the amendment of the
law which it has been my lot for many years to
bring forward. (Applause.) I have found the
most marked difference—but they say comparisons
are odious, and therefore I won't compare my
brethren of the College of Justice with any other
bodies ; but I will say of them that I have found
them singularly liberal and sound in their princi-
ples in all questions concerning the improvement of
the law. (Cheers.) I speak this with the most
distinct recollection of the particulars ; but there
has been a work published by my friend Sir Bard-
ley Wilmot,,containing an account of my bills and
acts, forming, no doubt, a very cumbrous volume—
cumbrous in all respects—(a laugh)—difficult to
buy, difficult to read, and I need scarcely say diffi-
cult to remember when you have read it ; but I see
there has been advertised by Sir Eardley within the
lastitwo or three days a very short abridgment of
the larger book, containing not the details of all the
acts and bills, but containing the substance of them
in short discourses in a very small handy book, and
they who will look at it will see a proof of what I
have said, because I am very much mistaken if it
does not appear that of the obstacles, and obstruc-
tions, and delays which were interposed to these
various great improvements, not one of them came
from members of the College of Justice. I would
say more in praise of the members of the college
were I not in the presence of the heads of the court,
but indeed that would be superfluous, for every
one who has presided in the House of Lords as long
as I have done in appeals must know the infinite
merit of the decisions of these learned judges.
(Cheers.)
Lord President M'NEILL, in acknowledging the
toast on behalf of the senators and members of the
College of Justice, said-1 hat our humble efforts to
maintain the character and reputation of that in-
stitution should have elicited such expressions of
approbation from our noble guest is in my estima-
tion no mean reward ; for of all living men he is
perhaps the best qualified and the best entitled to
form an opinion, and to pass a judgment upon that
point. In saying this, Ido not allude merely to his
acknowledged talents and erudition, and scientific
attainments, nor even to the wide range of his ac-
quaintance with the laws of nations, as well as our
national system of jurisprudence. (Hear, hear.) I
allude also, and more especially, to h's most distin-
guished professional character, both forensic and
judicial. He is a member, as he has said, of the Col-
lege of Justice; and a considerable portion of his
long life has been devoted to the study and practice
of our law. He made himself familiar with it, and
when he had to devote his attention more particu-
larly to the law of the sister kiugdom he did not
forget, but, on the contrary, he improved, the les-
sons of his earlier training; and when, in the course
of time, and by the force of his talents and his cha-
racter, he became a member of the highest legal
tribunal, and had to deal with Scottish interest in
the Court of last resort, he did not forget that
such interests could be justly dealt with only in ac-
cordance with the established law of Scotland.
(Applause.) He was not afraid, and he had no cause
to be afraid, to draw on the resources of his own
previous knowledge and familiarity with those
laws. (Applause.) We, the present members and
senators of the College of Justice, cannot expect to
attain to the high and distinguished reputation
which still attaches to the name of some of our pre-
decessors. They were giants in their own time, and
the race of giants is now fast wearing away, al-
though I cannot be permitted in the presence of the
noble lord to say that it is yet extinct. I can-
not conclude without congratulating the College of
, Justice on the honour of having among their mem-
bers one so distinguished as the noble lord. (Cheers.)
He is our solitary representative in the great as-
sembly to which he belongs ; for although the rolls
of the College of Justice disclose the names of many
who would have done honour to any country, and
to any age, yet it so happens that that distinction
which in the sister kingdom is frequently bestowed
on the profession of the law, and not unfrequently
too in the sister island, has I believe hitherto in no
instance since the Union been given to the profes-
sion of the law in Scotland. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. Solicitor-General MAITLAND proposed " Both
Houses of Parliament."
The Duke of ARGYLL in reply said,—My Lord
Provost and gentlemen, it will never be otherwise
than a grateful task to return thanks in the name
of the Parliament of Great Britain—that most an-
cient and famous Parliament, whose manly and in-
dependent spirit—a spirit at the same time the
most loyal and the most peaceful, delighting in the
love of liberty and in the love of law, the ppiest
union for the welfare of the people, and whose ex-
ertions have built tip our constitution through pre-
ceding ages, and have made it what it is, the ad-
miration and the envy of the world. (Cheers.)
Gentlemen, I need hardly tell you that I have \no
right to thank you for that which is the most
powerful branch of Parliament—the House of Com-
mons. I deeply regret to say that I never had an
opportunity of belonging to that great body. I
believe that if it is not necessary, at least it is the
best entrance to public life—(hear, hear)—and I
have never ceased to regret that I had not an op-
portunity of entering the House of Commons. One
word I may perhaps be allowed to say, not so much
as a member of the Legislature as a member of the
Government, that having seen the deliberations of
one or two Governments at very critical times, I
have never known an instant's hesitation as to
appealtng to the House of Commons on any ques-
tion in which_ the interests and honour of this coun-
try were concerned. (Cheers.) That is a ques-
tion upon which no minister ever entertains for one
moment a single doubt. (Loud cheers.) In regard
to that assembly to which I have the honour to
belong, I trust, gentlemen, you will allow me to
say that though it is not an elected, it is not the
less on that account a representative assembly.
(Hear, hear.) It is not, indeed, representative—
for I repudiate the idea—of any one class, or of any
one interest of the hingdom. (Cheers.) It repre-
sents the great historic memories of our national
growth, the great barons of the olden time, the
great lawyers, the great statesmen, and the great
orators of every succeeding generation. (Loud
cheers.) It represents their memory ; and I trust
I may be allowed to say that it represents some-
thing more than their memory—something of their
spirit also, (Renewed cheers.) Nothing can be
more different than the right apparently by which
I have the honour of sitting in that assembly aad
the right by which my noble and learned friend
whom we have met here to honour to-night has
acquired by his own exertions and his own tran-
scciidant abilities a title to sit in it. (Loud cheers.)
I acknowledge from the heart the immense supe-
tolunartnhaetunii.eusitn bwe.hcol dead dantocisconnittgahlnididf
cchtohhoueenneobit.uise.
yr.s)atibtfleeCidi
aity of the one and the great inferiority of the
other. (Renewed applause.) But this I will say,
are not
arittgooletsciaa
ybsyt;
exertion.i
esl upfsoe
rte descentsenotf
of continued and hon-
it
ourable
you can, to acknowlede
that duty, that solemn obligation, has been dis-
Hisonwot far
and appreciate it. (Cheers.) And this I will say,
gentlemen, that, although the keen contestsof
public life, and the unlimited freedom of '
expression
which exists in this country, We may •
senntimes, A
or(3l:aoa'grueol, fooefn

rare intervals, be the objects of unjust suspicion, or
to an occasional illiberal remark, I acknowledge
with the deepest gratitude, with the most heartfelt
conviction, that on all occasions the great mass of
the people of this country are but too kind and too
generous to their great hereditary names. (Cheers.)
Gentlemen, I have felt it repeatedly in this city, and
on many occasions•that I had the honour of appear-
ing before you. I know what a large measure of
gratitude ii given to us for the little that we do, I
know what a large measure of allowance is made
for us for the much that we omit to do and for the
much that we may do amiss. Thanking you, gentle-
men, for these sentiments, I have only to say that
confident as I am of the good feeling of the people
of this country, and acknowledging that they are
over ready to give us the benefit of what Lord John
Russell called some years ago, in a letter dated from
this very city, and a letter celebrated at the time,
the memory of immortal services—thanking you
for that, I have only to express the ardent hope that
the Peerage of the country will long continue to
enjoy its confidence and support—confidence which,
if they did not enjoy, they would be powerless in-
deed—(hear, hear)—confident that if they possess
it they may yet render the most important services
to the country. (Cheers.)
Mr. BLACK, M.P., replied for the House of Com-
mons. He said,—As one of the youngest members
of the House of Commons—(a laugh)—and having
had but short experience of its ways, I am, perhaps,
but indifferently qualified to respond to this toast,
especially when standing, as I do, before him who
has shed such a brilliant lustre upon that house for
20 years, and who by his splendid talents and his
burning eloquence has assisted in the progressive
advance of civil and religious liberty, and of social
reforms in this country. (Applause.) To him and
to those who co-operated with him we owe an im-
mense debt of-gratitude for the invaluable privileges
which by their labours have been conferred upon
us. Before these days the press was gagged, poli-
tical meetings were forbidden, the man who would
venture to breathe the word " reform" would be sus •
petted of treason, the price of the people's food
was artificially enhanced, trade was shackled, the
test and corporation laws disgraced our statute-
book, and the slave trade existed in all its
horrors. To these men we are indebted for the
great efforts which they have made to relieve us
from those dreadful evils. (Applause.) The battle
has been fought and won, fortress after fortress was
made to fall before the arms of these mighty men
—for there were giants on the earth in those days
—(applause)—and it is with indescribable pleasure
that we are now privileged to look upon one of the
sons of Anak in the midst of us (great cheering)—
one who adds to the dignity of the Upper House by
the justice and wisdom of his decisions, and by his
influential efforts to promote every measure for the
advancement of the prosperity and happiness of the
people of this country. We were delighted also to
hear tonight his strong expressions of sympathy
for the liberty of those in foreign lands. (Cheers.)
The House of Commons has a decided aversion to
war. (Hear.) Not that it has any doubt of the
prowess either of its army or its sailors ; bt:t it
looks upon war for the mere purposes of conquest,
or intervention in foreign countries, as wicked
and leading to most dangerous consequences.
(Applause.) But within the walls of Parliament
there are to be heard tliose strains of liberty which
are re-echoed through all the civilised world, which
carry dismay to the hearts of tyrants, and nerve the
arms of struggling nations with boldness and
power. (Loud cheers.) Mr. Black then referred
to the recent disclosures which had been made re-
garding the bribery and corruption which bad
been resorted to iu order to obtain seats in the
House of Commons. One would be apt to imagine
from these disclosures that the members of that
house were not very scrupulous in their character ;
but from the experience he had had he could with
perfect confidence assert that there was no society
of men equal in numbers in the country who were
equally honest, honourable, and intelligent. Out
of 650 individuals it was only, to be expected that
there would be a few not perfectly correct in their
conduct. (Laughter.) It was the fashion in some
quarters to revile the House of Commons, but those
who had observed the progress of opinion, both in
the nation and in that house, must have seen that
they were making rapid and great advances in civil
and especially in religious liberty. (Applause.)
The Duke of ARGYLL then proposed "The
Health of the Lord Provost."
The LORD PROVOST briefly replied, and proposed
" The Universities of Scotland," to which Principal
Barclay, of Glasgow, replied.
Professor AYTOUN then proposed "The Bar ofEn g-
land." He said—The toast which lam privileged
to propose is, like most of the others which have
been given this evening, associated with the life-
long labours and splendid triumphs of our illus-
trious guest. (Cheers.) As a member of the Scottish
bar, I cannot but feel proud of that profession in
the exercise of which Henry Brougham acquired
that oratorical power and forensic ability which a
few years after he had quitted his native city raised
him to the highest rank as an advocate, and placed
him before the eyes of Europe as the first pleader
of his time. (Cheers.) I refer to the momentous
trial, for such it was, though designated under an-
other name, that in 1820 absorbed the attention
and convulsed the people of this country—a trial
quite unparalleled in its circumstances, in its mag-
nitude, and in the grandeur of its august tribunal.
(Cheers.) I refer to it now as a matter of bygone
history, for the trial itself lies beyond the reach of
my remembrance, and fortunately the discord which
then prevailed has left no trace on the aspect of so-
ciety. Only one page of that voluminous record is
now perused, and it will be perused and studied as
long as eloquence is admired—the page which con-
tains that magnificent oration of our honoured
guest, which yields not in power, pathos, or splen-
dour to the highest efforts of the orators of Greece
or Rome. (Loud cheers.) 'We, my Lord, are very
proud that we can point to the name of Lord
Brougham as still adorning the list of the Faculty
of Advocates of Scotland. (Cheers.) Claimed as he
may be by the Bar of England as one of the sources
of their pride, we cannot forget that here he re-
ceived his nurture; and, though it has sometimes
been alleged that the Scottish Themis is but a
rough and unkindly mother, we have in this in-
stance ample proof of the lvantages of a hardy
training. (Cheers.) I need not at this late hour
detain you by descanting upon the merits of the
Bar of England, or the
.greatness of the men it has
produced. Long may it continue to maintain its
high and useful position, without fear and without
reproach, zealous in its guardianship of the liberty
of the subject, and yet attached to that noble consti-
tution from which it derives its independence !
(Cheers.) I propose the "Bar of England," and
shall couple with that toast the health of
Mr. James Anderson, Queen's Counsel, another
errant brother, who, not satisfied with the heather
wreath, has sought and won laurels elsewhere.
(Cheers.)
Mr. J. ANDERSON, Q.C., in returning thanks,
said he rejoiced to think that the most perfect de-
votion to the interests of one bar was consistent
with the strongest loyalty to the other; and in his
observation in the sister country he had found that
the feeling had been most intensely entertained and
cherished, for when the bar of Scotland met the bar
of England in the House of Lords they were re-
ceived with the greatest respect and with the
greatest admiration and forbearance. He then
stated that the bar was an important institution in'
contributing- to the independence of the country,
and in vindicating the rights of the community and
redressing their wrongs. Bath the bar of England
and of Scotland had furnished noble examples of
this; and, as regarded Scotland, he need only men-
tion the names of Murray, Wedderburn, Grant,
Horner, Erskine' Brougham, and Campbell, all
of whom were of Scottish origin, and all of whom
were the brightest stars in the southern constella-
tion. Ile, in conclusion, referred to the soundness
of the judgments of Lord Brougham as a judge,
and said that the judgments of his lordship had
contributed more than those of any other individual
to give the high place which the jurisprudence of
this country occupied in all States where law is
established. (Cheers.)
The other toasts included " The Croupier," by
Lord Neaves ; " The Early Friends of Lord
Brougham," by Mr. R. Chambers, to which Pro-
fessor Pillars replied ; and the " Secretaries to the
Banquet, Messrs. R. Chambers and J. D. Marwick,"
to which those gentlemen responded. '
Three hearty cheers were then given successively
for the Queen, Lord Brougham, and Lord Provost
Melvillejand the proceedings terminated.

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