The Sun.
London, England, 1832-01-28 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Lord Aberdeen's speech on Thursday evening
amounted to a declaration-Ist, that there were
many impolitic and unjust provisions in t'ee treaty
for settling the affairs in Belgium ; end 2d, that his
Majesty's Ministers were censurable for their con-
duct in forming a treaty of such a character, as well
as in much of the negotiations which preceded it,
The last in his Lordship's string of resoltstions went,
`ldly, to prevent the execution by his Majesty of the
treaty which had been formally signed in his name.
Now the wholetprettioe relating to the separated parts
of what but eighteen months ago constituted the
kingdom of the Netherlands, in so far as any sound
practical purpose be answered by discussing it, ap-
pears to us to be in a very narrow rompass ; and as
such, we do not feel called upon to treat it at any
great length. Lord Aberdeen seems, throughout
his able and elaborate speech, to have asennied, that
from the moment of his Lordship's epritiing office,
tne successors of the Ministry of which he forme el
part had fcund the Netherlands and Europe a com-
plete carte blanche, upon which they might have
inscribed whatever treaties or settlements best
pleased them. Such, unfortunately, was not the
case, nor for some tire, before the Duke of Welling-
ton's Administration retired ; inasmuch as the
troops of the King of Holland had been pre-
viously beaten wit of Brussels ; that Sovereign had
been unable to re-enter the Belgic territory ; and the
Duke of Wellington's Government had itself been a
party to engagements which recognized, in fact if not
in strict form, that an irrevocable separation had
already taken place between the Dutch and Belgic
provinces. It is undoubtedly, as Lord Aberdeee
states, to be regretted, that such a separation should
have occurred, aed broken up an established Govern-
ment, of which the integrity and stability were of
real advantage to Europe. Nobody could have ex-
pressed stronger concern than did Lord Grey, in the
course of his able answer to Lord Aberdeen, that
the sceptre which was torn from King William's
grasp could not he replaced in the hand of the
Prince of Orange. Bet it is obvious that lot
neither of these mi-fortunes were the present British
lltresors responsible. So with regard to other
circumstances—look at the difficulties which have
been imposed upon Great Britain between her de-
sire to secure, as far as was practicable, the re-
spectlve interests of the Dritch and Belgians, and
to avert by all human means the calamity of a
general war. Had England not exerted herself,
with other Powers, to prolong a suspension of arms
between the King of Holland and the Belgians,
and to follow up that condition of enforced tran-
quillity by a treaty establishing their mutual inde-
pendence, and restraining all attempts on either
side to disturb it, what must have happened—inevi-
tably happened ? Belland would have marched
her superior army to Brussels, and restored, fir a
day, the authority of the House of Orange. Tee
next day Marshal Soult would have shown himself
upon the frontier with 100,000 French troops ; and
how much later would have been the legions of
Prussia.—with those, if requisite, of Austria, and
the German Confederation (we say nothing of Russ-
sia) in executing the passage of the Rhine ? The
British Government is accused on this occasion o
indifference towards Holland, an ancient, and (exceet
in t hr it stanee of the war of 1776) an honoureb'e
and useful ally, at least so long as she had preserve
;14r national independence. We do not see hoe
Engleed cold have acted more effectually for ti i
well-being of Holland, than by the measures of he;
diplomacy throe ghout the last fourteen month-
Suppose we had sent a few regiments, era sqoadroh,
to aid the King of Holland in the re-conquest ue
those provinces, could he have retained diem at tht
point of the bayonet, and under the harrassing risk
of endless insurrection ? Would that have been ad-
cantageous to Holland? But could he have been mat'
enough to make a new aggression upon Belgium when.
as we have said, France and a European war was
to await them ? Well, then, the countries hay(
been separated by moral causes as well as material
over which England had no definite controul. Bu
the terms of the treaty are objected to, and incon-
sistencies have been complained of, as between the
successive acts of the " Conference" of London.
Unquestionably, the differences of temper which
nave discovered themselves, not merely in the Bel-
gians but in other parties, at different stages of these
protracted negotiations, have impressed themselves
upon the acts of the Congress. In the twenty-fog;
articles, the eighteen articles, and the final treaty,
there are provisions of a dissimilar tendency, as af-
fecting the Dutch and Belgians. Could this have
been avoided, with Powers on the watch, whose ad-
verse passions and pretensions were ready at each
hour to break into deadly conflict ? It is quite true,
as Lord Grey observes, that if the stipulations in-
veighed against by Lord Aberdeen, giving to Bel-
gium certain debts of navigation within the Dutch
rivers, and thereby the necessary outlets for the pro
duce of her industry upon the German frontier
as well as towards the sea, had been withheld, the
con4r quenee must have been an eager transfer of
their allegiance by the Belgic people from King
Leopold to King Louis Philip, or whatever might
have been the ruling power of France. That the
privileges thus granted may prove inconvenient, or
perhaps mortifying, in their exercise to the State
whose Sovereignty within its own dominions ap-
pears to be invaded by them, we hold with both
Lord Grey and Lord Aberdeen to be a subject of
some regret. But, we ask, is not such a disadvan-
tage incomparably less grievous than either-Ist,
the incorporation of Belgium with the French Mo-
narchy,—or, 2d, a war at the gates of Amsterdam,
to prevent or repair that disaster ? England, it is
Justly affirmed by Lord Aberdeen, ought to interest
herself for the welfare of tlee Dutch nation. The
greend of that policy has ever been the neces-
sity of protecting Holland against French encroach-.
merit. Let us ask, then, is not tire security of Hol-
land far better provided for by the exaction of a
treaty, which renders Belgium an independent and
intermediate State, than by a violation of the same
treaty, which must have the effect of surrendering
Belgium to France, and thus giving Holland for a
next door neighbour the same ai my with which
Louis XIV. invaded, and Napoleon Bonaparte ex-
tinguished her ? As for the British guarantee ob-
jected to by Lord Aberdeen, of so large an annual
payment as 850,0001. by Belgium to the creditors of
the old joints debt, we should feel just the same re-
pugnance as does the late Foreign Secretary, if we
suspected that it ever could be laid as tire ground-
work of a pecuniary demand upon Great Britain.
We trust that in this case Lord Grey's construction
of the treaty will ruin out to be the right one, and
that nothing is guaranteed but the formal transfer of
the debt, not involving trey part of its substantial
liquidation. The non-execution of a treaty which
has been ratified by ail the great Powers, would be
an inconceivable breach of faith for this country,
and the first announcement of it by her Ministers
would be a signal for thelong-deprecated war.—Times.
A most and street and impudent attempt has beers
made to represent the party assembled at the Free-
masons' Tavern, on Wednesday, to celebrate the
birth-day of Burns, as a band of furious Tories and
Anti-Reformers. Were this representation true, it
would reflect the greatest disgrace on tile persons
who arranged or composed the meeting, arid noth-
ing which disgraces the adherents of a cause can
ever advance the cause itself. It would, in fact,
show that the hypocritical or perfidious managers of
the entertainment, while pretending to honour the
memory
of a great poet, and while entrapping his
admirers into the same room with their sworn pun-
/I:11S for that purpose, contrived to convert a literary
dinner into a Tory job,. and diverted to factious
politics that interest which they professed to enter-
tain only for poetical genius. Besides, as there
were, even among the stewards, several gentlemen
notorious for liberal and reforming principles, theme-
jority who would avow that they intended to
political
advantage of their position to inflict their
notions or party watchwords on the company, really
meant also to insult their fellow-managers. The good
taste or sound sense of such a design may be left to

be settled between those who praise it, and the
great body of the meeting who, we are sure, would
repudiate the scandalous imputation. But the fact
Is, that the gentlemen of the meeting were so not
entrapped. The upper table was certainly composed
chiefly of Tories, where napes, if not principles,
were revealed in the proceedings of the evening.
The King's health was proposed by the Chair-
man with great coldness, and was intended by him
to-be received by the company in the same manner;
heat the worthy Knight was disappointed, for the ma-
jority of the company paid to his Majesty's name that
just tribute of applause. which is echoed in every pa-
triotir assembly of his subjects. The only other
mast at which there was any thing like the display
of a marked political predilection was " the health
of the Duke of Wellington." It was quite evi-
dent on this occasion likewise, that the Chairman
intended to command a Tory roar of applause, and
that he wished his audience to consider the Duke
rather in the light of an opposition Peer, than an
immortal hero,—rather as the enemy of Reform, than
the conqueror of Napoleon. This, we are in-
formed, succeeded better than the former to which
we have alluded. Every Englishman is disposed to
drink the Noble Duke's health, in his proper capa-
city, with enthusiasm ; and it requires some courage
to rise up in a public meeting to protest against any
party misinterpretation of a just applause. From
this cause it was easy to establish the Duke's popu-
larity at the Scotch dinner, and as easy to found on
that popularity a perverse construction of its mo-
tive. Some hissing was certainly heard at the abuse
of office in the,Chairman and his friends; but this
sign of disapprobation was not so general as it
would otherwise have been, from a fear Isst it should
be considered as directed to the wrong object,—for
who would hiss, if he could lie considered as hissing
the Doke of Wellington ? It was certainly not a
little painful to see the least display of factious poli-
tics at a dinner destined to celebrate the triumphs of
genius and the delights of literature. No libel more
revolting could be directed against the Tories by
their enemies, than the charge of using the name of
Burns—whose opinions verged upon excessive libe-
rality—to pilfer the appearance of a useless vote
against that political amelioration which the country
so universally and so loudly demands. Those, there-
fore, who boast of the Tory exploits of the Scotch
meeting, make the most cutting and cruel satire on
their friends. Leaving them, however, as we said
before, to settle this matter between themselves, we
-hail only say that the sensible part of the meeting
felt, and feel, nothing but profound disgust, both at
,he manner in which politics were introduced, and
It the use which has since been made of the disgrace-
ful surprise practised on their good nature.—Timcs.
We call the particular attention of our readers to
the report of the proceedings at the Court-martial
n Captain Warrington, in the Chronicle of this
day. Mr. Goldney, surgeon, the bearer of a letter
:mom the Mayor to Colonel Brereton, as the officer
commanding the troops, despatched immediately
,lter three o'clock on Monday morning, calling on
aim to take the mo•t vigorous, effective, and decisive
neans in his power to quell the existing riots, states
-hat Captain Warrington, who opened the letter,
expressed every willingness tc do anything upon
proper order." The following question and answer
next oc,ur

" When Captain Warrington stated to you that he could
not act without a Magistrate to co every inch of the road
with him, did you make any reply, or take any mea,ure.
to communicate to the Mayor or other Magistrates what
Captain Warrington had stated ?—A. No. I did not. I
lid not know where to find any other Magi,trate than the
Oayor, and he had particularly requested me, through
Jlr. L aniel Tripp (brother of Alderman Tripp), not to
mention where he was to be jaund."
_

Our readers will perceive further, that a detach.
meet of the dragoons re,ched Queen-square about
five in the morning ; that between halt-past three
o'clock and five o'clock the destruction of the whole
or a considerable portion of the southern wing of
the west side of Queen-square took place—that
none were destroyed after the dragoons strived
,here. Mr. W. Harris, jun., who was at Mr.
Daniel Tripp's when Mr. Goldney received the
Nlayor's letter, and accompanied him when he de-
' livered it, states, that after Captain Warrington had
read the letter, he said " he should be very happy
to do anything that lay in his power, but that he
could do nothing without a Magistrate; that he
should require a Magistrate to go every inch of the
the road with him by his side, ancl that he hoped
lie did not think the blame rested with him. He
expressed his regret at the Doddington troop of
yeomanry having retired from Bristol from their
being unable to find a Magistrate . . and
ended the conversation by saying there was a great
-crew loos• somewhere." The following question
and answer are moat important :
" Did you take any means to apprise any Magistrate
that Captain Warrington was willin; to turn out with
his troop if any Magistrate would accompany him ?
" I did not know where to find any Magistrate ex-
cept the Mayor, and Mr. Goldney and myself were re-
quested not to say where he was. I did not know where
to find Mr. Barrow ; but be was ill."
A screw loose indeed! We refrain from all ob-
servation on the conduct of the gentleman now on
his trial ; but we feel no such delicacy with regard
to men not on their trial—the Magistrates of Bris-
tol. Whatevrr may be the doom of Captain War-
rington, we ask if it is to be endured that military
men are to be the scape-goats, while the Magistrates
of Bristol, whose especial duty it was to watch over
the safety of the persons and property under their
charge, not merely abandon their post, but absolutely
conceal themselves in the hour of danger? 'We know
that of late years the irresponsibility of Corporations
has been carried very far by a boroughmongeringPar-
liament, which sanctioned the monstrous doctrine
that Corporation property might be disposed of as
absolutely by the members of the Corporation as
private property by individuals ; but surely it will
never be contended that the irresponsibility extends
to such a monstrous abandonment of duty as this
evidence discloses. If Corporation Magistrates are
to be privileged thus far, there is nothing that they
may not do, or refrain from doing ? We hold it
impossible that matters can remain tvhere they are
in the case of the :Magistrates. The affair of the
officers sinks into insignificance compared with that
of the Magistrates. They are the fountain-head of
authority, and if through their fault there was no
communication at an important crisis between them
and the subordinates, it would be a farce to deal se-
verely with the subordinates and allow them to
escape.—Morning Chronicle.
We believe in our conscience that the object of
Lord Aberdeen and his supporter., on Thursday
night, was to kindle a war in Europe. The evi-
dent tendency of his speech was to induce three of
the Powers to withhold their ratification of the
treaty, and the King of Holland to recommence
hostilities against Belgium. The Duke of Welling-
ton said, distinctly, that the three Powers in ques-
tion would not ratify the treaty till they had the
consent of the King of the Netherlands—and hence
the importance of encouraging that King in his ob-
stinacy. Having, it appears, made up his mind to
try the chance of civil war rather than submit to
Itetorm, for what else is the meaning of his Grace's
assertion, that Earl Grey's "course of conduct in
another respect was calculated to breed civil war:"
he, perhaps, thinks he may escape the alternative
by entangling the country in a general war. The
whole of the proceedings of Thursday night are
certainly calculated, if any thing can be calculated,
to add to the difficulty of preserving peace. The
motion in the Commons came admirab;y in aid of
the proceedings in the Lords. The Opposition threw
out a bait for a certain portion of the usual supporters
of Ministers, which they swallowed, and thus the ob-
ject was gained of producing in the three Powers the
impression that the Ministry are in a tottering con-
dition, the consequence of which impression would
naturally be, the desire to contribute, as much as pos-
sible, towards their embarrassment. We confess
we think the Ministry ought to have received more
support than they obtained on Thursday night in
the House of Commons. We are far from thinking
lightly of a lavish disposal of the public money; and

it may be also true, that, strictly speaking, the sever- I
ance of Belgium from Holland relieved us from the '
Russian debt. But Ministers could not fail to be
aware that any difficulty, in the way of paying this
money, would have supplied Russia with a power-
ful motive for preventing the settlement of Belgium,
and that the defection of Russia might have had a
powerful influer:ce on other Powers. It has been
said, why did they not obtain the authority of Par-
liament f But would not Parliamentary discus-
sions have tended to produce the aver-ion on the
part of Russia respecting which they were anxious?
• The difficulties of Belgium were not of their
• creation. We ourselves do not think very highly
of the arrangements with regard to Belgium ;
but we can make allowances fur the difficulties
in which Ministers were placed; and believing them
sincerely desirous of preserving the general peace,
and afraid, that if hostilities recommenced, we might
be drawn into a participation in them, we are not
I prepared to say that, under all the circumstances,
they could have acted better. Mr. Hume and Mr.
O'Connell, and the other supporters of Minster
who voted against them, ought to have viewed the
Russian debt in connection with their general policy,
and not as an isolated transaction; and' to have re-
flected on the effect which their vote might have in
endangering the safety of Ministers. If Ministers
had been left in a minority, and if the consequence
had been their resignation, the responsibility towards
the country of those who contributed to such a re-
sult might have been anything but light. When we
say this, we by na means think that Ministers ought
to havebeen induced by a majority against them to
resign ; and we were therefore sorry to hear, on good
authority, that intimations to the effect that a ma-
jority against them would cause their resignation,
fell from more than one Cabinet Minister in the
House on Thursday night. The difficulties which
Ministers have had to encounter, during the pro-
gress of the Reform Bill, are, no doubt, many and
serious ; but they ought to have been prepared for
them. So great a change never before took place
in the institutions of a country, without convulsion
and bloodshed ; and the only wonder is, that things
have hitherto proceeded so smoothly with us. They are
not entitled either to he disgusted or discouraged. They
are not in the situation of an ordinary Ministry.
They might have refused to take office, when the
alternative, as stated by themselves, was Reform or
Revolution ; but having taken office, they thereby
entered into a covenant with the British nation to
remain at the helm, till the storm was over. Were
they, after what has taken place, to show any
atgns of faint-heartedness, they would, one and'
all of them, be the scorn of the whole couatry
for ever after. No man would mention their
names but for the sake of pointing a moral
with them. At whatever risk, they must go through
with the work. If they have not the heart to em-
brace all the consequences flowing necessarily from
the entering on such a work, they thereby pass a
severe sentence on themselves. The people will
hear of no despondency—no indifference. It is no
trifling affarr to agitate a nation—to fill it with hopes
of a grand measure of political regeneration, only
to dash the cup from its lips. Happen what will,
the people have nobly played their parts. To every
call made on them they have answered as became
risen worthy of the prize for which they were corn-
batting. The people have never lagged. They may
have failed to comprehend the cause of the length-
ened delays which have taken place—they may have
occasionally augured unfavourably of the courage
and decision of Ministers from their apparent want
of energy at times—they may have been astonished
at some of the appointments that have taken place,
and the anxiety rather to gratify enemies than sup-
porters—but they forgave all for the sake of the
great cause to which Ministers were pledged. So
long as they appear in earnest, the people will rally
round then). But grievously are they mistaken if
they think, that, having brought matters to the
pass at which they now are, they will be suffered,
on any pretence, to escape with impunity.—Morn-
ing Chronicle.

The proceedings which took place at the meeting
held in the parish of Saviour, in the Borough, rela-
tive to the proposal for demolishing the " Ladye
Chapel," and a report of which appeared itt our co-
lumns a few days ago, prove that the Vandals mus-
tered a strong force for the purpose of recooquering
that ground by numbers out of which they had been
driven by the power of enlightened and unanswerable
arguments. They carried a motion for the demoli-
tion of the chapel, which, however, cannot be acted
upon unless confirmed by the vote of a second
vestry meeting, and sanctioned by the approval of
the Bishop of the diocese. So did the Vandals for-
merly carry a motion in vestry for the demolition of
the church itself—a church. which is not only the
noblest ornament of Southwark, but one of the most
venerable and interesting specimens of sacred archi-
tecture in the kingdom. Yet, though that motion
was carried in the first instance, our opposition to
the barbarous design was not in vain ;—we sounded
a call at which the conservative intelligence and virtue
of the parish rallied. The jobbers and the levellers,
when they had just got their profane hands upon
the spoil, were put to flight—the venerable edifice
was saved—and now it stands, in renovated splen-
dour and holiness, a temple of the Most High, de-
livered, as it were, from the hands of the Philistines.
But though the direct attack of the sacrilegeous le-
vellers against the great collegiate church of South-
wark thus signally failed, the destruction of the Spiri-
tual Court, or " Ladye Chapel," as now meditated,
would have the effect of partly realising the wishes
of the malevolent barbarism which originally con-
ceived the design of demolishing the church it-
self;--for this beautiful anti massive building is
both essential.to its symmetry arid conducive to its
strength. If once taken away, an outworlc and
buttress of the church will be gone—the noble ef li
-
fect of the magnificent pile will be thereby con—
siderably impaired—its durability diminished—and,
' hereafter, the jobbers of the borough may tae ad
vantage of their own wrong, and make the injurious
consequences resulting from the success of their
present project an argument for the renewal of the
attempt to ensure the destruction of the church.
The opinions of men of science have been asked and
given on this important subject; but the Vandals
objected, naturally enough, to the interposition of
science as the conservator of the glorious works
of art—her voice had No charm for them—they
were bent upon a project of mischief and.ruin, and,
under the influence of the blind zeal with which
their unholy object inspired them, they would Rot
allow the able architects who attended the vestry
meeting to furnish them with the evidence which
they came prepared to give. They had rather re-
main in the " happy ignorance" in which they
were, ;than be convinced against their will, lest,
perchance, they might " repent them of the
evil, and be turned from the folly of their ways."
Among the reasons which the two intelligent archi-
tects, Mr. Savage and Mr. Cottingham, have urged
against the demolition of the " Ladye Chapel," we
cannot avoid noticing the following one, more espe-
cially us the public are well aware that no gentle-
men in their profession are better acquainted with
the principles and history of Ang!o-Norman archi-
tecture than those:whose riarr's we have mt ntioned.
They regard the intended demolition of that build-
ing as an act of spoliation and of irremediable mis-
chief, because " it is one of the most chaste and
elegant specimens of early pointed architecture of
the thirteenth century of which this country can
boast ;" because " it is an important and necessary
appendage to the venerable and beautiful edifice of
the ancient collegiate church, and cannot be re-
moved without destroying the splendid architectural
efect of the whole structure ;" because " it is
of the same date, and in unison sseth the side
aisles of the choir (which have been already restored
with the most correct judgment), and communicates
therewith in a direct line; and because these beauties
will now acquire additional value by being brought
into view in ts much more ample manner than here-
tofore, and with an elevated horizon, when
viewed
from the southern grand approach to the new Lon-
-1 don-bridge, exactly as an artist would desire ; where-

by the grandeur of design and variety of outline '
of the whole composition will be exhibited to the
greatest advantage;" because " the eastern wall of
the choir was never intended to be exposed below
the roofs of the Consistorial Court, as is suffi•
ciently proved by the ancient doorways of the gal-
lery of the clerestory communicating with the roofs
of this building, and which ancient doorways still
remain; and the walls below are not of sufficient
thickness to admit of arched recesses sufficiently
deep to correspond in style with the architecture of
the choir, without entirely destroying the remains of
the magn?ficent altar-piece DOW in progress of
restoration by subscription ;—and because a new de-
sign will be required for the Rats exposed to view
by the removal of the said chapel, to correspond with
the able restoration already made of the choir-end
above the roofs of the said chapel, and for which
new design there is nor, nor can be, any authority
whatever." There is an additional argument ad-
duced by those gentlemen, which all rate.payers of
the Farish will widerstand upon the dry question of
pounds, !shillings, and pence,—they do not hesitate
to say that " the perfect restoration of the Con-
sistorial Court, or Ledye Chapel, will cost less
money than the alteration of the east end of the
choir, which would become necessary by its re-
moval ;" and they give the grounds on which they
have come to this conclusion. They also suggest
that the parishioners require the chapel for their
numerously-attended parochial meetings, as a vestry-
hall, and further say it is apprehended that the un-
worthy motive for destroying and removing !the
chapel is, that houses may be built, so as again to
encumber arid obstruct the pub! c view of this
beautiful pile of building, whiich is the third church
of the metropolis, and possesses sufficient merit to
attract the attention of all foreigners of taste visiting
this country—to whom, as well as to our own
countrymen, it has ever been a subject of regret
that our public buildings should, from an ill-judged
parsimony, he exhibited to se little advantage. To.
day the public meeting, which has been advertised
in our Paper, is to be held at the Freemasons'
Tavern, having for its object to preserve and restore
this chapel—not less worthy of enlightened pro-
tection as a rare and beautiful specimen of ancient
architecture, titan as an interesting historical monu-
ment of the events connected with the sufferings
and triumphs of the religious reformers, who have
fought the battles of our faith, and went forth to
martyrdom. We hope the Bishop of Winchester
will act up to his duty as a con-ervator of the church,
in refusing his sanction to the decision of the Van-
dals, and that he will unflinchingly adhere to his
words—never to gire his consent to an act of sacri-
lege and spoliation.—Morning Herald.
The result of Thursday night's division has been
as mortifying to Ministers as flattering to their oppo-
nents. Never was a more perfect contrast exhibited
between simplicity and sophistry, prudence and
rashness, admitted imbecility on the one side, arid
acknowledged capacity on the ether. The state-
ment of Mr. ferries was lucid, his arguments con-
elusive, and so pointedly directed, that, wh•lst
child might have understood the subject as he
explained it, the cleverest enemy could find no sub-
terfuge, no loophole, for defence. Lord Althorp
tried, and failed as usual ; and, when he found the
sense of the House against him, fell back upon the
Crown lawyers. The Crown lawyers proved hut
a broken reed, as Mr. Home quickly discovered;
and it is universally acknowledged that but for the
pity of some ardent Reformers, who merged all
regerd to the merits of the case in the support of a
Reforming Government, the Ministry would have
been beaten—yes, beaten by their own packed
House of Delegates. According to the Courier
there is no disgrace in this. A vote of censure hits
been averted by the votes of placemen only, and yet
the Ministers are not dishonoured ! Bah ! There
is not one independent Member, however zealous as
a partisan, riot even a Sir John Sebright, who does
not protest against having been thus dragged through
the mire in their support. The .Ministerial prints
if ever they evince the state of public feeling out of
doors, evince it on this eccasion. They all depre-
cate the conduct of Ministers ; and the only attempt
at their vindication rests upon the necessity of avert-
ing war with Russia, of which the payment in
question was made the price. Who, however,
occasioned that necessity ? Was it the natural
course of events abroad, or was it Lord Palmer-
ston's boasted non-intervention policy ? The
Herald of yesterday infers that our position quoad
Holland and Belgium originated with the Duke of
Wellingtou's Government. That inference we beg,
on the authority of the Duke's own word, dis-
tinctly to deny. His was a mediation essentially
pacific, accorded at the desire of Holland. Lord
Palmerston's has been an arbitration essentially
warlike, protested against by Holland and Belgium
both, and acquiesced in by all the Powers except
France with evident reluctance. lf, therefore,
Belgic independence, which French intrigue engen-
dered to our prejudice, be indeed our handywerk, as
the Solicitor-general declared, " we having used a
diplomatic or political interference to deprive the
Aing of the Netherlands of the sovereignty of these
provinces," and thereby becoming bound in honour
not to enforce a condition of the treaty which Hol-
ifiourredignnevertheless adheres to—if, we say, such be
indeed the case of the Crown Officers upon their
own strewing, what becomes of Lord Palmerston's
policy ? What will the nation thirdt here-
after of its economical rulers? To prove our re-
spect for successful rebellion in Flanders, we convert
the Duke of Wellington's friendly mediation into
an arbitration, backed by a squadron of ships of
war. To prove our regard for English interests,
we open the door of Belgium to France. To prove
our anxiety for peace, we force Holland into war.
To prove our good faith and honour towards that
ancient Ally, we nominate a new King and bind
ourselves to support his throne, thereby defeating
the object of the treaty of 1815. That object
defeated, to avert war with Russia we violate the
condition upon which our share in the payments
prescribed by that treaty rested ; and thus, in conse-
quence, not of the original treaty (for there Hol-
land stands on the same ground with ourselves), but
in consequence of Lord Palmerston's love of Bel-
gium, and spirit of king-making and diplomatic
quixotism, we saddle ourselves with new obligations,
and pay, in fact, five millions for King Leopold.
If, then, in point of honour a case of necessity did
exist, as the Solicitor-General pretends, who but
Lord Palmerston created the necvssity ? No
wonder the Treasury forbore to apply to Parliament
to change the law in the first instance. They dared
not risk a refusal.—Morning Post.

CANTERBURY TALES.—The numerous ad-
mirers of this beautiful series of fictions, by SOPHIA and
HARRIET LEE, which have for a long time been so scarce,
will be highly gratified to find that they are now reprinted
" The Standard Novels," and that Mrs. HARRIET Lea,
with whom the design originated, and who wrote the
greater number of the storic,, has revised the volumes ex-
pressly for the present edition, and prefixed to it a new
introduction, embracing, with other interesting details, a
brief memoir of her sister and coadjutor in the work.
MILTON.--MILTON'S time was in some re-
spect] not unlike our own. It has been justly deseribtd
by Dr. CHANNING, as an age when men are busy pulling
down and building up : a ferment itann was spreading over
the surface and dissolving the materials of society. Old
faith was gone ; old institutions were crumbling away.
Long splendid vistas of ideal perfection opened before meu'a
eye', dazzling their senses and confounding their judg-
ments." MILTON stood boldly forward for a republic,
and his sentiments have not yet been adopted in England
subsequent stage of public opinion. Mr. MlTvortn
fancies
ould have changed his opinions had he
that
ie v
the opinions of SOMERS and of LOCKE. In
liaiitv any
ktegto ha
manlier it might be said, that he would have changed
again had he lived to read the writings of BENTHAM the
philosopher, who walks in his garden and owns the abode
in which the great poet spent some of his best days. The
error of MILTON was not the " unconstitutional " nature
of his doctrine, as is objected by WHARTON, but that his
schemes were visionary and impracticable. He could not
divest himself of notions of theocracy : MILTON bad read
the Old Testament, the Talmud, and the Miahush, till he
was more than half a Jew.—Exansiner.

THE LATE BUTCHERY AT MALAGA.

(From a.e Morning Advertiser.)

Some of our readers will, no doubt, remember
that we were the first to inform them, some time
swo, of the melancholy result of the expedition cf
Torrijos—of his capture, and of the sad fate of him-
self and his band. He was betrayed, and he was
murdered—we ought, perhaps, to say butchered ;
for such a death as that a hich the brave and gallant-
hearted General died, it has fallen to the lot of few
to taste. lie died with undaunted bravery in his
heart—and with liberty on his lips—an honour to
his family and country—an eternal disgrace to the
Government which entrapped and ordered him to
be executed. We give below the particulars of the
melancholy event, from our own correspondent, on
whose narrative we can rely with the most perfect
confidence. They are truly horrible and di.gust-
ing:—

" January 9.

" My DEAR. FitIEND, -I am extremely sorry for not
having b en able to write to you, hut you know how diffi-
cult it is to be correctly informed of any thing connected
with political matter in this oppressed, and indeed un-
happy, country. At least I have bad the opportunity of
speaking to N. T., our intimate friend, whit has been
lately in Malaga ; and, I am very happy to say that the
particulars to tie mentioned in this letter concerning the
execution of Torrijos and his followers are as true as hor-
rible, and without any precedent in this country. Ido
not doubt that the information would have been better
received immediately after the melancholy event I ant al-
luding to ; but this has been so extraordinary in all its
circumstances, and so worthy of notice, that I feel confi-
dent to say, that in case of being published, it cannot fill
to meet a benevolent reception.
t, I will not detain you long with the details of the ill-
treat went of the unfortunate prisoners, particularly during
the last hours of their existence. It will be enough to say
that Torrijos was obliged to remonstrate in the most ener-
getic terms against the cruelty of there not having been
allowed to his comrades and fellow-sufferers any food fur
twenty-four hours, and heearnestly requested, not for himself,
but for hie distressed companions, a kinder treatment, or
at least a piece of bread, which even to a hungry dug ehottel
not he denied. The only thing allowed to those unfor-
tunate men was, permission to write to their friends ; but
lam very much inclined to think their notes have not
reached their destination, and particularly the letter of Mr.
Boyd, directed to England.
" The General of the district granted to them his
spiritual and religious attendance, sending to every one of
them a priest or a monk, and I can assure you that the
General and the Apostolical party have been very disap-
pointed at their complete submission to all the ceremonies
end practice of the Catholic profession on such occasions.
The former expected to throw upon them the stain of infi-
delity and impiety, in order to give to ignorant people
more proofs of the intention imputed to the Liberals, of de-
stroying the established religion. The priests have been,
as usual, very cautious in revealing the conversa•ion be-
tween them and the suff-rers ; some things, nevertheless,
have transpired, and upon the following particulars you
may entirely rely, as they have come to my knowledge by
s female relative of one of the con'a-sort, arid intimate
friend of my informant. Torrijos, Golfin, Lopez Pinto,
and more particularly Florez Calderon, have made very
strong arguments te the priests in favour of the liberal
principles, and against their preaching false doctrines from
the pulpit, and perverting their peaceful mission, as they
have bee❑ the instizators of the deluded people, and the
most strenuous supporters of despotism, and consequently
the real executioners of so many patriots. The priest I
have alluded to said, that the most striking words he has
heat d on the occasion was the appeal of some of those
victims to Gnd against their murderers, who were at the
same thee the oppressors of their country.
" Now I come to the most painful part of my letter,
and I ant scarcely able to hold my pen to continue. Of
all those unhappy beings one only died at the first tiring,
so terrified were the soldiers in performing this abominable
act, which, for the benefit of the sufferers, requires calw-
ness They knew very well who were those illustrious
victims, and the sharne'ul means practised for taking them
prisoners. Torrijos, when actually on his knees to be
shot, exhorted the soldiers to fulfil their duty with firm-
ness, and gave himself the order for firing, but unfor-
tunately they only wounded the General in one of his
arms. He then said to the other tour soldiers, prepared
as usual in case of failure, " Now, comrade., cou-
rage, and do not miss your aim ;" but, after that, be
being yet struck only iu one eye, and actually lying on
the ground, exclaimed, " Soldiers, courage, and do not
let me stiffer any longer." So it happened at last, and
dreadful was the last trial of the bravery of this gallant
office r. The honour of a religious interment was refused
to all the bodies, excepting those of Torrijos, Boyd, and
Loptz Panto, which were given up, at the request of a
sister of the first, of the English Consul, and of the Ar-
tlllery officers, who were able to exempt from that ignc-
miny their brother officer Pinto. All the rest were buried,
four by four, one upon the other, in a mere ditch dug for
the purpose. This proceeding has been the more striking,
as in Spain the ecclesiastical interment, as it is called, is
always allowed even to the greatest criminals, and it is a
matter of religion, and a sort of chivalrous punctilio, to
attend and honour, and even to assist them at the last
hours, affording them every bodily and spiritual comfort,
even the most expensive dinners and choice dainties are
provided if required by the condemned persons.
" I must finish this letter by saying that I hope the day
will come, in which, as one of those patriots said a few
hours before his execution, an honourable monument will
he erected in remembrance of the illustrious victims on the
sante spot where they suffered ignominious death. "I'."

(From the Times.)

We have published elsewhere a letter from Ma-
laga to a gentleman at Gibraltar, reciting some cir-
cumstances which preceded and attended the exe-
cution of the gallant Torrijos and his brethren at the
former place, on the 11th ult. History, ancient or
modern, presents nothing more atrocious than the
conduct of Ferdinand's agents on that occasion :
nothing of petfiily more base, or of more savage
cruelty. We know not where to find, except in the
records of Robespierre and his fellows, an instance
of wholesale and cold-blooded butchery, like that of
shooting, without a trial, between 50 and 60 unarmed
captises,—many of them, as is well ascertained, un-
conscious of offence against the Government which
destroyed them. But even from those guilty annals
which embrace the worst period of the French re-
volution, it is certain that nn precedent can be
quoted for treachery so systematic and revolting, as
that through which the Constitutional Chief and his
followers were trepanned into the power of those
who shed their blood. The letter which we refs:
to displays powerfully, though incidentally, the at-
tachment to Torrijos, with which that brave and
estimable soldier was fitted to inspire his compa-
nions, who cried that with him they were content
to perish. His dying words bespoke tiie habit of
command, and the warrior spirit strong and buoyant
as on the field of battle. " Fire without flinching"
was the last speech of the military patriot to his
executioners The apostrophe of Calderon was
not less worthy of a philosophic martyr to the
cause of freedom. " Here, on this spot, will a mo-
nument be raised to eternize the memory of those
now about to die, and these lands will become the
patrimony of our children." Alas! we fear not yet.
But there is another letter, to which we invite the
sympathy of all, of whatever party, or age, or country,
or sex, who can be won by female excellence, cart
give due honour to conjugal affection, can admire un-
pretending heroism in woman, or can commiserate
the lonely widow's grief—it is from the wife of
Torrijos, who had divided with him the vicissitudes
of his eventful life; nay, more than once, the dan-
ger of his military service, and had shared and ren-
dered tolerable his six years of exile. This exem-
plary lady writes front Paris in a tone of dignified
but incurable sorrow. There is no selfish commot,
place repining. She says to her friend, " You know
how we lived, and you can judge my grief." She
does not, like ordinary females, complain that afflic-
tion has wasted or weakened her ; but that she is
too well,—" better than she wishes to be;" that it
is true her strength begins to be subdued, and she
sees it with satisfaction, as her sole desire is to re-
join her husband, and her sole duty in this world to
watch over and guard his fame. The friends of
Torrijos and of humanity will be distressed to hear
that this devoted woman is completely destitute of
all means of future subsistence. An occasional
friend here and there may have been kind to her 11C-
cessities, but every farthing of property she had on
earth is lost. Such is surely not the condition to
which generous hearts would consign a being h
so many claims upon their best affections. We

merely suggest to the affluent and bounteous, that
offerings to misfortune could not be better bestowed
than for the relief of this virtuous and heartbroken
lady. No man ever felt such gratitude to England,
or such reverence for her institutions, as Torrijos
iiim-elf. N,r did the high-minded widow of Lord
Russell exhibit more of the qualities which became
her relation to a murdered patriot, than does Luisa
,!e Torrijos.

MALAGA, Drc. 14.—The courier returned from Madrid
on Saturday, the 10th, at twelve o'clock in the forenoon,
with the sentence of the prisoners. At four o'clock in the
evening 200 men of the 4th regiment and same of the
militia, as,enahleil in the Plazt Heal, and two hours
after the prisoners were removed from the earl and con-
ducted to the convent del Carmen. The Genertil being
brought from the barrack of the 4th regiment, and pl.ceil
in a coach, was told that they were going to send him to
Madrid ; but the deception was of short duration, and he
told them that he knew they, the:nselves had betrayed him, •
for they had invited him to come into Spain. The pri-
soners remained in the convent all night, where they dis-
played great courase and fortitude. The General and
Dos Manuel* complained that their companions were not
brought to trial ; off,-erving that there were some amongst
them who knew not for wh tt purpose they had been
landed. 1)on Manuel said to the priest who had been
placed by his side, that the Spanish authorities had invitel
them to come, and that they had received letters to that
effect from the Minister, Z unbrano, himself; that the
whole business had b• en a most trracherous plot ; but that
he die'lsiontentel ; dying as he did, for liberty. Torrijos
said, that be felt not for his own death, but for that of
his ceturades. But they all to a man assured him that
they it ould die happy, since they were to perish NA ith him.
At one o'clock in the morning of the following day
(Sunday), the General requested that a mouthful of bread
' might be given to his comrades, as they had tasted nothing
since eight on the Friday morning, (this fact is also cor-
roborated by the statetnent of the Jailors.) Some dry
bread was then brought for thein after they had been 54
hours witimut any food. Torrijos said, that sooner or
later the massacre of hitnsrlf and his companions in arms
would he avenged. Calderon observed, " The day will
• come when, on the spot where this convent now stands,
a monument will be raised to eternize the memory of
those who are shout to die, and these lands will be-
come the patrimony of our posterity." All this, my
friend, and many other things were said, which I will not
mention, because I am unwilling to dwell on so sad a
story. Twenty-four of the prisoners, with their chiefs,
were led out in front of the riding-ground. Torrijos re-
qu sted that he might be allowed to give the word to fire.—
This was grante'l, and then he said that his throwing his
military cap on the ground should he the signal for death.
T,eir eyes were then bandaged, and in the first volley
Torrijos was wounded under the arm. He then exclaimed
" Fire, grenadiers; fire without flinching." The second
discharge having wounded him in the eye, he fell flat on
his back and died, crying—" Fire steadily, my lads, fire."
I had forgotten to mention that belore the first discharge
all the In isomls exclaimed with one voice—" We die for
liberty !" The whole of the other 24 died in the same '
way, and the dead bodies were immediately carried off to
the cemetery. Those of Torrijos and Pinto were placed
in niches ; the latter 11Y the commandant of the artillery,
whom he had appointed his executor, and the body of j
Torrijos by his sister, who was in great distress. Nearly
all made their wills. Bobaddla wrote two letters, one to
his sister, and another to a lady to whom he was be-
trothed. Botja was ens of the first who died. Man-
rique would not allow any friar to visit him. Boyd told
the first friar who came to visit him to go about his busi-
ness and to take his chocolate ; but afterwards an Irish
friar came, and he allowed him to stop all night. The
whole of the prisoners died with the gieatest courage and
serenity of mind. The English Consul, after Beyd's
death,
burial-ground. MTe(lohlyh arde moved o
interredved his body,in th the
a pn dr
oot
esn
ttahnet fho
Government has since issued very severe edicts. The
execution took place at a quarter-past ten on Sunday
morning, a day tin which there is no example in Spain of
criminals being deprived of life.
LErrEtt FROM DONNA LUISA DE TORRLIOS, TO HER
FRIEND, A LADY IN LONDON.
" Paris, Jan. 19, 1832.
I received your afEctionate letter; and though not
capable of writing. I cannot leave you without an answer, I
if it be only to tell you that I am much better than I wish
to he, or thought I ever skould be. You understand the
loss that I have sustained ; for you know how we lived
together. You can also judge of my grief, and that I de-
sire not to survive the man who formed my only happiness.
" I am here, in a foreign land, and without the means
of existence; but that is the last thing that occupies my
thoughts; and although my friends are much alarmed for
my future situation, I am indifferent a'sout the matter, rl
since nothing henceforth can make the least Unpression
upon me, after having lust my beloved Pepe and my
country.

" What I have now to beg of you is, that you will for-
ward to the editor of the —, the accompanying
letter from M. M—r ; and it you do not find it incon-
venient, that you will also translate it, with a view to its
being inserttd as soon as possible. My sole object during
the sad remnant of life which I have still to endure is, to
prevent any misrepresentation which might darken the
fame of toy adorable husband, and that, indeed, is the only
motive whieh compels me to answer the article in the
abovementioned journal. My bodily constitution, though
strong, begins to sink,—a change which I rejoice at, for
the solitary hope" that now supports me is, to follow to the
grave him for whose sake only life once was dear to me.
Ret urn my best thanks to all the members of your
amiable family, and particularly to my dear Charlotte;
and pi y, and pray to God for, your unhappy friend,
" LUISA DE TORRIJOS."
• Don Manuel Flores Calderon, President of the Cortes in
the year IS*2:2 : one of the most distinguished Spaniards of the
present age.

It is said that some of the Paul Prys at the
Pavilion, Brighton, have received a broad hint that their
ab4ence would be preferred to their presence, and some of
the Lady Prys have been visited with a similar commu-
nication.

RURAL TlRANNY.—Speaking generally,
since ail rubs have exceptions, the privileged classes of
our rural districts take infinite pains to be abhorred by
their
pfooootrie.stth,:heigh;lo,:yrs.waTll-hiney
tihnecilroserarka. commons.Thel;hLyt
stop
spring-guns and man-traps. They spend on the keep of
high-bred dogs what would support half as many chil-
dren, and yet persecute a labouring man for owning one
friend in his cur. They make rates of wages, elaborately
calculating the minimum of food that will keep together
the soul arid body of a clodhopper. They breed game in
profusion for their own amusement, and having thus
tempted the poor man to knock down a hare for his pot,
they send him to the tread-mill, or the antipodes, for
that inexpiable offence. They build gaols, and fill them.
Tf:ey make new crimes and new punishments for the
pont. They interfere with the marrilges of the poor,
compelling some, and forbidding others, to come toge-
ther. They shut up paupers in workhouses, separat-
ing husband and wife, in pounds by day, and wards by
night. '1 hey h,irness poor men to carts. They super-
intend alehouses, decry skittles, deprecate beer-shops,
meddle with fairs, and otherwise curtail the already nar-
row amusements of the poor. Even in Church, where some
of them solemnly preach that all are equal, they sit on
cushions, in pews, boarded, matted, and sheltered with cur-
tains from the wind and the vulgar gaze, whilst the lower
orders must put up with a bare bench on a stone floor, which
is good enough fur them. Every where they are ostentatious
in the display of wealth and enjoyment ; whilst in their
intercourse with the poor they are suspicious, quick at
taking offence, vindictive when displeased; haughty, over-
bearing, tyrannical, and wolfish ; as it seems in the nature
of man to be towards such of his fellows as, like sheep, are
without the power to resist."—Wakefield's Pamphlet.

BIRTHS.
On the ‘27th inst. at Chelsea, Mrs. William Shoberl, of a son.
On the 25th inst. in Bedford-square, the lady of Richard
Richards, Esq. of a daughter.
On the 25th inst. at 'lotton, near Southampton, the lady of
Lieut.-Colonel Phipps, of a daughter.
On the 25th inst. at Quarry-hill, Tunbridge, Mrs. Deacon, of
a daughter.