The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 28, 1859

of labour of a higher class, and which
must be better paid and fed. The man competent
to work and take charge of a costly engine will

not graze or browze on seven shillings a week, nor
even eat as a vegetarian what the magnificent in-
come of eleven or twelve shillings a week will pur-
chase. He shares the intelligence and the know-
ledge of his master, and he will demand to share
his master's food if not his master's dainties. The
very character of the rural artisans will be altered ;
the village blacksmith will become a skilled en-
gineer, competent to repair on the spot ingenious
movements, valves, shafts, and apparatus of all
kinds, and the carpenter will have to adapt him-

self too to the change. We may sigh over our
Arcadias and our rural innocence, bat those we
poetically deem so innocent will prefer the unpoetic
solid dinner to all the guileless beauties of potatoes

and porridge.
And, then, some of these landlords tell us,
farmers must profit by the change too. But
thereby hangs a sad tale—penniless farmers who
now drag on as tenants•at-will must lose their
little holdings—landlords must surrender' their
command of a tenant's vote—and a man of capital
enough to take a long lease, and to make the land
a profitable investment must amalgamate several
of the farms which maintained, once, each its own
independent yeoman—independent of all but his
landlord, to pay whom he had to thresh his whole
crop at Michaelmas. A sad story that. What is
the little yeoman to do ? Canada or Illinois, hardly
the distant lands of Australia and New Zealand are
his hope—his only hope. He is the very man for
them, and they for him. There he can soon be
his own landlord, and not in the interim fare much
harder than he did at home. There he can
soon not only be master of his land but master of
his vote also, even without the protection of the
ballot ; and can still, if he please, call VICTORIA his
Queen. Meantime the man of capital who follows
him employs twice or three times as much labour
on the farm. Draining, fencing, marling, cloying,
deep ploughing, a large supply of stock, all demand
more of that help which his predecessor was too poor
to purchase. More live, and live better, on the soil;
more is produced of eve;y kind, and the whole com-
munity gains. But, for this change of a poor for a
wealthy tenant, one speaker, himself a landlord and
farmer, tells us. that the landlord must give the tenant
full security ; that is, he must have a lease, which
will protect, to him, the profits of his outlay. In-
deed, to make the highest improvements, he must
have a kind of leasehold estate, in which the first
cost of expensive improvements and additions shall
leave but a small proportion to the time of holding.
Perhaps, as noteworthy a fact as any, in the cpinion
of a large number of persons, will be, that a once Pro-
tectionist landlord, and county member should be
found, not merely silent about Protection, but con-
demning the vote he had given, with good inten-
tsons, for the corn-laws in 1815, as a vote for a law
which had produced an incalculable amount of in-
jury to. /he agriculturists ; and speaks of the period
since the repeal of the corn-laws as the most satis-
factory ever known for farmers ! ! Such, however,
was the frank' statement of Mr. HARCOURT, the
member for Oxfordshire ; and such, when party
fooling is forgotten, is now the opinion of every
Whig and Tory who fought so hard for a tax on
our bread.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
arrived at Wilton House, on a visit to Right Hon. Sid-
ney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs. Herbert.
His Highness Prince Wasiltchicnff has left
Maurigy's Hotel for Brodick Castle, N. 8., on a visit to the
Duke of Hamilton.

Their Highnesses the Prince and Princess You-
soukoff have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris.
His Excellency Prince Doria, Pamphili and his
son, Prince Glauetto, have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris.
The Duke of Newcastle returned to his seat,
Climber Park, on Monday evening.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter and Lady
Mary Cecil. who wore expected in town this week from
Germany, have delayed their return home for a few days.
The noble marquis and marchioness are now expected to
reach Burghley house the second week in next month.
The Earl and Countess of Clarendon and Lady
Constance Villiers have left the Grove, near Watford, to
join the party visiting the Right Hon. Sidney and Mrs.
Herbert at Wilton House, near Salisbury.

The Earl and Countess of Ripon left their villa
at Putney-heath yesterday, to visit the Right Hon. Sidney
and Mrs. Herbert, at Wilton House.

The marriage of Colonel the Hon. James Mac-
donald with the flon. Miss Blake, daughter of Lord and
Lady Wallscourt, was solemnised on Monday, in the pre-
sence of a select circle of friends, at the parish church of
Hampton Court.
The marriage of the Hon. Miss Campbell,
youngest daughter of the Lord Chancellor and the Baroness
Stratheden, with Mr. Duckworth, of Orchardleigh Park,
Hampshire, will be celebrated on Tuesday, the 4th proximo.
Lord John Russell left London yesterday for
Edinburgh.

Lady Katherine Valletort and her infant daughter,
by accounts received in town yesterday from Brockett Hall,
are progressing favourably.
Count Blucher has arrived at Prussia House from
the Continent.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer returned on
"Monday evening to Pentnacnntaur, Conway.

The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., left town
on Monday evening for Wilton House, where he Li enter-
taining a large party of distinguishes friends.
The Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson left London
yesterday for Southampton.

Sir G. Cornewall Lewis left town yesterday for
Balmoral.

Sir George Grey, ex-Governor of the Cape of
Good Hope, and Lady Grey, have arrived at Howehin's
Hotel.

Mr. Roundell Palmer and Lady Laura Palmer
have left the Oatlands Park Hotel for Suffolk.

Major-Gen. Angerstein has arrived at Maurigy's
Hotel from Everton Hall, near Brandon, Norfolk.

Mr. Joseph Locke, M.P., and Mrs. Locke have
arrived at the Oatlands Hotel.

Colcnel Franklin has left Howehin's Hotel on a
visit to Sir Samuel Cunard, at his seat Bush-hill Park.

The King of Wurtemburg yesterday attained his
79th year.

" Prince Napoleon," says the Nouvelliste Vaudois,
" has purchased for 720,000 fr. a fine estate called the Ber-
gerie, situated on the banks of the Lake of Geneva."

The Sardinian Government continues its severity
against-the press of Savoy. The Bon Sens of Annecy of
the dal has been seized, the editor having been apparently
forced to take out the objectionable matter, as that number
arrives with five columns in blank.

THE' ISLAND OF SAN JUAN.—Colonel J. S. Haw-
kins, Royal Engineers, chief commissioner of the Oregon
Boundary Survey Expedition, arrived in London yesterday
from Vancouver's Island, in the capacity of special envoy
from Governor Douglas to the Home Government, in con-
sequence of the recent occupation by the United States
troops of the Island of San Juan, in the Straits of San Juan
de Fuda. The gallant colonel transacted businep yester-
day at the Foreign-office.
THE SAN JUAN DIFFICULTY.—We have reason
to believe that General Harney, the commander of the
United States' forces in Oregon, took the step of placing
a military post on the Island of San Juan on his own re-
sponsibility, and without instructions from the Federal
Government at Washington. He has declared to the
British authorities that he did so because American citizens
had been arrested on the island, but that he did not mean
his occupation to be permanent, though it was his intention
to hold the island until he heard from his Governmenpt at
Washington .
THE COMMAND IN CIIINA.—An 'army of 10,000
men will be sent from India, the selection of which is to be
left to the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief; and
of this force, which might well he increased one-half,
Major• General Sir Hope Grant, K. C. 8., will have the com-
mand, than which a better selection could not bo made.' If
the troops are selected with as much judgment as the
general there will be little indeed to object to.—Homeward
Mail.
We understand thatiMajor-General Sir Hope
Grant is to have the command of the expeditionary force to
China. No troops will be despatched from England, but
a force of 10,000 men is to be sent from India, the selection
of which wilt be left to the Governor-General and the Com-
mander-in-Chief.—Orerland
I - THE WINDSOR ItAFFAELLE DRAWINGS.—PhOtO-
- of the original drawings by Ratfaelle in the Royal
Library. at Windsor, have been recently taken at the ex-
pense of the Prince Consort, and the negatives presented to
the Science and Art Department of the Committee of Coun-
cil on Education, from which impressions will ho supplied
to Schools of Art and the public generally at the cost of
paper and printing.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :
PARIS, SEPt. 28.
The Monitor of this morning contains the fol-

lowing :
Several foreign papers assert that the solution
of the affairs of Italy will be obstructed by the
desire which the Emperor has to create in Italy a
kingdom for a Prince of his house.
These rumours need not be refuted ; in order td
deprive them of every foundation, it suffices, with-
out mentioning the engagements made at Villa-
franca, to remind the public of the acts and words
of the Emperor both before and after that epoch.

ROME, SEPT. 26.
To-day the Sacred College met and appointed
17 Bishops.
In the annual allocution of the Pope, his Holiness
alludes to the National Assembly of Bologna, and
refers to the censure expressed by that Assembly
against the Papal Government. In conclusion his
Holiness expresses a hope that the Romagnese will
return to their allegiance to the Holy See.

FRANKFORT, WEDNESDAY.

The Senate has rejected the appeal made by the
National Association against the refusal of the
Director of the Police to sanction its statutes.

DARMSTADT, SEPT. 28.

The official journal of this day contains a decree
for the renewal of the ordnance of 1850, which
prohibits all subjects of Hesse-Darmstadt from be-
coming members of any political society established
either in the interior or abroad.

COPENHAGEN, SEPT. 2G.

The States have been opened to-day. The Pre-
sident in his speech said—The Government and the
Council of the kingdom had but to choose between
Federal execution and the suppression of the whole
common Constitution, in so far as it relrtes to Hol-
stein and Lauenburg. Government has chosen the
latter, although it does not recognise the compe-
tency of the Federal execution.

FRANCE.

PARIS, TUESDAY.

BOURSE, Sept. 27.—The market has been very
flat, and the prices declining. Threes have been
done at 69f. 10c., and 69f. 20e. Mobilier, 805 f. to
815 f.; Austrian, 548 f. 75c. to 550 f.; Lombard,
551 f. 25c., to 555 f. 75c. ; Lyons, 897 f. 50c. to 902 f.
50c. ; Orleans, 1,392 f. 50c. to 1,397 f. 50c. ; Eastern,
675 f. to 680 f. ; Southern, 517 f. 50c. to 520 f. The
following are the last quotations :

41 per Cents. .... 95 Credit Foncier 685
Do. end month !Belgian 4f 99 25
3 per Cents. 69 401Piedmonteso (5)
Do. end month.... 69 35 Roman B6
Panic Shams .. 2340 —lAustrian
Credit Mobilier .. 820 Spanish Threes 46
Do. Account ..... 820 Rome Debt

any reserve. The Imperial Government respects
every sincere conviction, but the words which fell
from princely lips at Gotha do not enter into the
limits of free individual opinions, but concern a
collection of very positive and very important
rights and obligations. His Highness Duke Ernest
himself cannot but see that the object to accomplish
which efforts are being made to form a new pre-
tended national party, by means of elements taken
from the demosratic ranks and the Gotha party,
implies an absolute negation of the relations founded
on the treaties existing between his Austrian Ma-
jesty and the other princes of the Germanic Con-
federation, including the Duke of Saxe-Coburg
also, and therefore that any countenance or aid
given to the efforts of this party is equivalent to a
reannciation of the Federal treaty. The Imperial
Government has then the right, but it thinks
that it has still nom the patriotic duty, to remon-
strate in time, and expressly as it does by these
presents, against the act by which the Duke
has manifested his sentiments. It has at heart
the welfare of the whole German country, and can-
not forget that the disastrous errors of the same
party which can now boast of an appoval given to
it trom so high a quarter has already delivered up
Germany at a not very distant period to the greatest
confusion and to the danger of civil war, a danger
from which it was not saved by constitutiena.l doc-
trines narrow and without foresight, but by the
noble German feelings of our Emperor and master,
and by the moderation and love of peace of the two
great German powers. In conformity with the
intentions of the Emperor Francis Joseph, I beg of
your Excellency to take care, by leaving a copy of
the present despatch with the Minister of State of
the Grand Duke, or in any other form which may
appear suitable to you, that the preceding observa-
tions, and especially the legal reserves made, shall
be brought to the knowledge of the Duke.—
Receive, &c., "pIiEcIIBERG,"

The Diritto of Turin relates the following oc-
currence :—On Sunday last, when the royal train
arrived at the station at Alessandria, another train
with 800 Hungarians, who had formed part of the
levy effected in Piedmont during the war, was about
to start for Genoa. • The Hungarians, on perceiving
the royal train, greeted it with an interminable
"Ellen !" which means "Long live the King !"
His Majesty, touched with this cordial manifesta-
tion, sent for General Klapka, who accompanied
the Hungarians, and requested him to thank them
in his name; he further expressed sympathy for
the Hungarian cause, and encouraged him to hope
—a just and noble cause could not fail to triumph
in the end. The words, being repeated by General
Klapka to his countrymen, produced an immense
sensation. _

THE LOSS OP TIIE NEPTUNE.

OFFICIAL DESPATCIIES.

From Major Charles Swaffield to Brigade Major at
Fort William, Calcutta, dated Akyab, August 6,

1859.

Sir,—l have the honour to report, for the infor-
mation of his Excellency Lord Clyde, the Cora-
mander.in-Chief, the wreck of the Neptune, with a
detachment of her Majesty's troops on board. The
Neptune sailed from Calcutta on the 12th of July,
1859, and shortly after leaving the Sand Heads fell
in with very bad weather, which lasted for nine
days, the last three of which it blew a furious gale.
On the 28th ultimo we lost our mainmast and very
important spars. I should mention that for many
days we had been drifting on a lee shore, our dis-
tance from which we did not know. On the morn-
ing of the 29th we lost our most useful, and as it
afterwards appeared, our only available boat.
During those nine days our position on the chart
was not known, as neither sun, moon, nor stars
were visible to enable the master to take an obser-
vation. On the 29th it cleared up, and we found
we were near the head of the Bay of Bengal. After
a consultation, it appeared that Akyab, a seaport in
Arracan, was, in our then crippled, condition, the
best port to make for. On nearing it we again
broke our foreyard, which had been repaired, and
could then do:nothing but drift before the wind. We
anchored that night, the 31st ult., after narrowly
escaping striking on a reef called the Oyster reef.
On the morning of the Ist of August we parted
from our anchor and drifted on to a reef; the ship
first struck at about 12 o'clock (noon), and con-
tinued to strike and drift with the tide and sea till
two o'clock of the next morning. We expected
every moment that she would go to pieces ; she
finally settled at a place, I believe about 18 miles
north-west of Akyab. On the morning of th& 2d
there was a very heavy sea and surf, and a raft
could not be constructed ; we were about two miles
and a half from shore, and consequently had no
hope of saving life, not having an available boat.
It was evident that at high water her decks would
be swept; we were at prayers, and had given up
all hope when the joyous sound was heard of a
steamer in sight." She proved to be the Neme-
sis, Capt. Goodwin, come out to search for us from
Akyab, where our guns had been heard. Shortly
after coming to an anchor, her boats were sent, and
continued to ply between the two ships until every
soul was taken,out of the Neptune and put, on board
the Nemesis. An officer's wife, a soldier's widow,
and the sick were first lowered into the boats, and
then the men slid down into the boats ly a rope
from the forecastle, and latterly (the ship having
sunk deeper or the tide risen) stepped into them
from the fore chains.

The behaviour of the troops was mast admira-
ble ; they were stationed on the poop until the sea
washed over that part of the ship, and came for-
ward as their names were called. There was not
the slightest symptom of a disposition to rush or
even to hurry to the boat, though it was perfectly
evident that the ship was in momentary danger of
going to pieces, and before the last of the troops
left, the sea washed over every part of the vessel.
I attribute our being saved, under God, to Captain
Goodwin, of the Nemesis, and to those who so gal-
lantly commanded her boats at the imminent risk
of their lives, amongst whom were Captain Porter,
marine assistant commissioner, and Mr. Earle,
chief mate of the Nemesis, who were both volun-
teer : for this most dangerous service. There was
a fearful sea running at the time; nothing was saved,
or could be saved, except life and the things we
stood in. I believe it to be my duty to call the atten-
tion of his Excellency to the extreme risk attending
the despatch of troops down the Bay of Bengal in a
sailing vessel at this time of the year, when it has
to beat against the south-west monsoon. On reach-
ing Akyab everything was done for the comfort of
the troops by Major Garstin, of her Majesty's Indian
service, and commanding at the station.
In moments of danger the master of the vessel
was at his post and exerting himself to the utmost;
he was the last man to leave his ship. The troops
will return to Calcutta in the Bu:mah steamer.

From Captain R. Goodwin, Commander of her
Majesty's steamer Nemesis, to Major G. Verner,
Commissioner of Arracan. _

Sir,—l have the honour to report the arrival of
her Majesty's ship Nemesis, under my command, at
this place, at 6.20 p.m. of this day, from the wreck
of the troopship Neptune, wrecked off the mouth of
the Myoo river, with the following passengers
saved:— •
Her M4jestrs Troops 31st Regiment—Major C.
Swaffield, commanding troops ; Lieut. Pepper,
George F.
F Adams, assistant-surgeon ; 54 privates,
a
and Mrs. Swaffield, with one European maid ser-
vant.
Her Majesty's Troops Glth Regiment—Eighteen
privates, one warrant officer, and two carom fol-

lowers.
Her Majesty's 74th Regiment Light Dragoons
—One private.
Crew of the Neptune—Captain L. T. Filial], two
mates, seventeen men (European), and five natives.
In all 106 passengers saved, and one mail bag of
letters, &c., wet.

The Due de Chartres, who served with the Sar-
dinian army in the DE lianeampaign, has recently been on a
visit to the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, who is nearly re-
lated 'to his mother, the late and la:'aented Duchess of Or-
leans. The stay of his royal highness at Schwerin was not
of long duration, and ho has now pf oceeded to Switzerland,
en route to join. his regiment at Piedmont or in Lombardy.
SIR C. TREVELYAN AND TIIB NATIVES.—A na-
tive correspondent—a warm admirer of Sir C. Trovelyan—
says that his Excellency had recently been cultivAting the
geed graces of the poorer classes of the native cormpnuity
by several acts of condescension and courtesy. "A few days
since his Excellen ry visited the garden of a poor native, and
proceeded to pluck some of the flowers. Observing that the
owner was attentively watching his motiou§, leinterre gated
him whether his act amounted to trespass, and was assured,
in reply, that the distinguished honour which he had con-
ferred upon the poor mans fipwers would cause them to
bloom earlier and blush redder for all time to come. His
Excellency then showered a handful of coins upon the de-
lighted Hindu, and went on his way." Another instance is
related by the same correspondent of the Governor's good
nature. Riding down Popham's Broadway with his body-
guard, he was graciously pleased to pause and witness "the
antic sports" of a " tiger,' who, with attendant torn-toms,
had bean for same hair delighting the neighbourhood by
his performances. Sir Charles, with his accustomed libe-
raliiy, showered out another handful of coins. "It is
needless to add," says the writer, "that his Excellency left
the spot with the blessings of the multitude."—Homeward
Nall,