The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-25 00:00:00

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SPIRIT OF THE YDBLIO JOURNALS,

-4-

TIDIES, --Ye are: entering on the usual season for
public meetings, and in the general dearth of sub-
jects, Parliamentary Reform should have an advan-
tage. As .foreign politics are out of the question,
or no longer our part ; as the Jamaica question. has
almost got to a dead lock, and a hundred other con-
troversies have been happily laid at rest, there really
is nothing better to talk about than Reform. The
Blue-books of last session have gone to the house-
keeper or the cheesernonger iand we all start
afresh. We may therefore venture some sort of 'fore;
cast of, the shape Reform will assume in public dis-
cussion, and bow .t will be, or ought to be, treated..
..‘,l4ginlag9rfaihas_as Droner and natural vocation
--tiro' yam;
man who writes pamphlets and books. Its vocation
is dictated by the necessity of circumstances,, as well
as by the faculties and aspirations that find their
vent in this mode of utterance. A public meeting
consists of men who, whether speakers or listeners,
feel a general agreement, and expect to hear only
one side, and that maintained on fully recognised
principles. It would be impossible to hold a public
meeting except on these conditions ; for no
.de-
bate would be poSsible, in three short bours, in
the presence of a multitude. The speakers must
'suppress even minor' differences, and express only
the points which they hold in common: The
immediate object is to bring to a common opinion'
men who can hold opinions, and do nothing More,
unless it be . to give a vote which they have often
given before, and which will not signify much. 'Under i
the circumstances all that can be done is to treat the 1
matter in hand in an eleMentary way ; to offer first
principles and arithmetical illustrations. The veriest
schoolboy can apprehend palpable facts, and go into
the mathematics, of a subject, or thestatistics, as we
shonld,call them, That is what is done at a public
meeting. Por example, the evidence, given before
the CommissiOns Sitting at the‘fOirr boroughs now
on trial would
'supply palpable facts 'for a public
meeting. The Census and the recent Electoral
'
Returns would supply both facts and figures that
almost. any ordinary meetieg , would understand, as-
far as they go. Anybody can understand thp anomaly
of four thousand people returning. the same number
of members asihree-quarterS' of a million ; or three
thousand returning One member, and thirty thou-
sand none. All this is pure ariththetic, such as is
taught in the lowest claSieS in our village schools,
and apprehended by the child' five years old, sent
for sugar, barril,-Or lard to the village Shop. As
this is almost all that a pnhlic'ineeting can do, it
ought to be done ;, but it ought also to be done Well.
The firAt principles of political representation, as it
existslon British soil, ought to be put forth purely,
dispassionately, and with sufficient breadth to arrest
the attention and :fix:the interest. Our public
orators will be quite right—indeed, what else I can -
they do ?--to urge the general claim to an electoral
vote, the self-governing nature and customs of our
race, the wisdom of interesting a whole'people in
politica', the comparative security against corruption.
afforded, by numbers, and their freedom -frorn the
most deliberate and mercenary form of , bribery,
the sense of injustice that must always be inflicted
by great inequalities in the distribution of the fran-
chise, the cruelty of intimidation, and such matters
open, in fact, to the intelligence of a child. It is
no 'diSparagement to'pablin meetings to, say that
they can do little more than put before the.worl4
and establish in due prominence, what are called
facts and figures, and the abstract sentiments with
which of, us, taught or untaught, must approach
the subject. Thus it comes to pass that the public
meeting really has more affinity with the pulpit, or
lets, than, with Par-
ltihaemwenritt,e-orr°tihrelorilPapnrdesPsa,l2aoPrhany institution affect-
ing a deliberate and governing character. We, for,
example, could not possibly- content ourselves with .
the part we have assigned to a public meeting.. We
are compelled to take into consideration a great deal
morothan facts, -figurea,.statisties, and the axioms,
if there be any, of political 'mathematics. We can-
,' not offer advice certain: not • to be taken:. - We can
defy a class strong enough to retort the defiance
with We Tut consider a good deal
mor methoarne effect.:
abstract claims and natural rights, for
'we must alsci take into account the probable use
that will be made of votes and political power. We
must deal with facts, but not confine ourselves to
facts of the palpable class, for the ways and manners
of parties, classes, and individuals may escape the
apprehension of _a multitude, but yet be veritable
facts and serious elements in the calculation. We
cannot help feeling more practical responsibility
than a thonsantdea7atnwel
eloquent
ne-n-ast
sspeematlcerdl'iathfatekr
kindly:
wishesday'swtOrkr 'arse them in. the. olitical scale. The truth
is, we feel ourselves in council ; we are taking part,
not in a one-sided demonstration, but in a great
national debate. We must hear every speaker' and
be ready to reply, as well as to justify what wehave
said. We are all but in. ;.. some say,
something more. At all events, our responsibility
14 that tef rarliatA99t BO long as we preter4 (to ,
give it honest advice, and so long as we at-
tempt to calculate how much can: or should be done.
And what is the governing principle, the so-called
self-government;, of this country'? It is not the
triumph of 84 one principle, or 'the procippitooo

of any one class. It is not the voice of a majority,
or the hand of one great man. It is not the power
of wealth, or the force of numbers, or ibe just
influence of commanding talents and. philosophic
theories. It is not the oneness of sentiment by
which a great orator may bind together the hearts of
thousands. It is not the voice of the preacher as he
argues sublime precepts on sacred authority. It is
no one thing. It is the conclusion men arrive at as
they look at one another face to face, and with the
fullest possible kn owledge of (me another's characters;
and circumstances, and opinions, interchange argu-
ments on matters of practical import. Wherever
this' is found there is English life, whether in the
halls of Westminster or in the humblest vestry-room.
The boast of England, and certainly its wisdom and
its strength,
.are free utterances • that is, the free
utterances pf men who dare to look each other in
the face, to meet' eye with eye, .and tongue- with
tongue. . The battles of the constitution are in. Par-
liament, and, compared with them, all the public
meetings in the country, though good in their way,
and with their use, are but holyday making, mere
parades, scenes on a prepared stage. Our own re-
lations must be much more with the Legislature than
'with any such system of one-sided demonstrations.
We appreciate them, and hope ever to do full justice
to them. If it is to depend on us, ,not a good word
spoken in them shall ever fall to the ground. We
reverence them as a national institution.' But we can
never see more than they claim, and what they claim
is only the one-sided utterance and recognition of
sentiments and facts occupying either very debatable
ground or cumbering the" mere approach to the
grand argument before us. We should doubt whether
it be at all possible for the platform ever to gain a
more deliberative and Parliamentary character, nor
is it necessary. We have a free Parliament and a
free press, and can well allow the platform to retain
its old one-sided character. In the lines it has chosen
for itself it has still much to do • it may contribute
materials and foster opinion, and even- hasten the
settlement of Reform.
AlroLo-AKERICA3.4 TlMES.—Foreigners accuse
the English of making a parade of Free Trade
while their institutions show little of the prin-
ciples they profess. Free Trade is advocated so
far as it suits the interests of England, who boasts
her enlightenment fOithe very freedom by which' she
increases her gains.. The free import of food abso—
lutely required, and,the free export of the manufac-
tures which enables her to pay, is the extent of her
Free-Trade prineiplea: England if a' eauntry 'of
close professions and. close -oligarchic& • Notwith-
standing its eternal base. of truth, the Church of
England sank to the lowest ebb through its exclu-
siveness. No matter hotv high the enthnsiasm,
,how‘clear the call, there was neither lot nor part in;
the gogheh,Ministry to the aspirant not educated
at one of our universities and qualified fOr ordinaL
tion throUgh set forms. Had St. Paul existed in'
the .days ,of Wesley there ~was no place in the
Church for him. High talent and religious fervour
were driven to Dissent, which, bid for 'the
rality 'of our institutions WoUld have been a tower
of strength to the Church..., A heaventboroigeneral ,
could only command in the British army who had
served in that force as an 'ensign. No Military
tgreeniuts; outside:ould b
e theusedr
ine;uja iavir7srEaaes e
nglandi our.,inan tx
toiland
forces. The, heaven-born genius must be born with
a silVer spoon in his month, or there is'scarcely any
combination of accidents by which he can attain the-,
rank at an, age to make the position use to his tour
try. England is covered with guild societies and crafts
so exClusive that all beyond them area outsiders:
Last Week we reviewed a pamphlet -written. by Dr.
Hunter on the proposed " Medioal. Acta:Amend-
went Bill." The General Medical toimeil desire
to add two ClauseS to the' act which would' practi-
cally, exclude all physicians not 'educated in Egg,
land from practising in the kingdom. The effect of
these clauses would be to make it an offence against
.conman-laW fora physician regularly qualified by a
foreign or colonial university to prescribe for a pa:-
tient. Even the assumption of the title granted by
,the university would render the practitioner liable
to' a fine. There are in the United JUngdom 19
bodies qualified to issuelicences for the practice of
Medicine. Without a licence from one of these, no
foreign physician, hoWeVer celebrated, could legally
practise here. The physician who attains abroad to
the greatest eminence would be, unable, under this
law, to carry his talents to the wider field of London
without returning to school and iiihniitting to the
examination for medical students. Abroad the ,
English physician is received on equal terms by-the
native practitioners, and the act professes to extend
the English licenses so as to be operative in all our
colonies. Thus, while it .:.bars.. a Canadian
fr.9111._ it_ulaces
aware that any peculiar gifts have .been -bestowed,
on British medical men—that their interests are
keener, their study deeper, or their. -practice more
extensive. if it were so - they would have little to
fear from competition, while they might elevate to
a higher grade the schools of medicine abroad.
Dr. Hunter shows the 'comparative"value of
Canadian, American, and British. Diplomas, from.
which he would argue that the reverse of superiority
is really the case. ,
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CANADIAN, AMERICAN, AND
• •'.RRITISHDIFLOMAS.
Canadian e
American Royal Royal
Curriculum. University of Coll. of Coll. of
New York. Physicians: Burgs.
SessiOns. Sessions. Sessions. Sessions
Anatomy . • 2 full .2
Chemistry 2' 2
Materia AfediCa.. .2
Theory & practice
of medicine .... 2
Surgery 2 2 1
Midvvifery-& dis=- -
eases of .women

. and children ... 2
Judging by this table the Canadian and American
are superiorlo the English in att,eadance at medi
cal lectures.- Both in Canada, and in the United
States a thorough examination is required in all
branches. The Royal -College of Surgeons stands,
lowest in its requirements, Dr. Hunter contends
that is but faii that tngland shonld adopt
the same liberal system in force both in Canada and
in the States. The diploma granted by a properly
constituted college should'be universally recognised-
tbat the exclusiveness of English
physicians_ will lead to a similar illiberal policy,
abroad, and that the English profession Will lose
vastjy more than it can gain. Few Foreign or
COlonial practitioners seek this country 'as a' field
for the exercise of their profession, whilethe reverse-
is continually the case.. 'There is no science more
studied by the human race than that of medicine.
From our cradle to our grave we are, in the hands
of a doctor--a class who have Most benefitted the
human race; at-the same time that it-has inflicted on
suffering humanity so many misfortunes. Though
surgery has advanced to an exact science, medicine
still remains veiled in comparative obscurity. The
difficulties that surround-,physic require the com-
bined efforts of all who have made this subject their
profession to remove. In no other can there be so
complete a brotherhood. "' Facts iiroved "in ',one
climate should be studied and, known-Maall, and the
freest intercourse should be encouraged to elucidate
the problems which for successive generations have
puzzled the most learned, it is not by erecting
barriers and exciting jealousy and rivalry that these
dark questions will receive their solution. An Act
which cannot fail to raise Indignation iti'Atnerica:
cannot 'forward the interest of the- profession in
England, and we trust that Parliament will pause
before it sanctions by, law the illiberal designs of
the General Council of Medical Education.

THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN AMERICI.—The
Star, noticing. President Johneon'a: (or, as the
Star prefers to speak of , him, " Johnson's.")
speech at Detroit, Michigan, in the course of his
tour throtigh the States, says the people of the
United States have .now to cope with a second
attack upon their liberties scarcely le.s inenaCing,
and certainly not less andacious, than that 'which
began under Jefferson Davis. Having put down
,the treason of a slaveholders' rebellion, they have
now to deal with the treason of a despot. Indeed
it would avail but little to the. American people, that,
after a vast: outpouring of iheir treasures and their
blood, they had crushed slaveowners in the field,
if after all they were to be overborne by them in
'Congress. The Star has no fear 'for the resnit.
The self-skyled Moses of the negro race has turned
traitor to them and to the Constitution under which
he dives, but the free and., loyal tt,l.tnerican people
will do justice to the negro and remain faithful to
their country. The Advertiser holds that if the
President succeeds in maintaining the Union with
out anrenewal of civil war it will not be due to any
personal Considerations, or to any individual in-
fluence from great services and high previous
Sanding." It will illustrate a political miracle if
with-such meagre antecedents, a chance politician,
accidentally elevated to the highest place, can, effect
Km*.

:;11 V,/

Military and Naval Intelligence.

The following General Order on the subject of
examinations fol. the Staff College has been issued
froin the Horse Guards, by command of the 'Duke
of Cambridge
" With reference to the last paragraph of section. 5 of the
Staff ,College Regulations,' published with the General
Order, No. 886, dated the 23d of May, 1866, it is hereby
notified to officers of the army that the following cam-
paigns will form the subject of examination in military
history and geography at the examination for admission to
the Staff College, to. be held in July, 1867:-1. Campaign
Of 1812 in Rtissia, with a.aotailedaccount of the passage of
the beresina; . Campaign, of .1813 iu,the :Peninsula, -with
the battle of Vittoria in detail, N.R.—Candidates will be
expected to have an accurate knoWledge of the geography
of the seat of wariri both- campaig-ns,- with reference More
espetially to tuilitary operations, and to make ,a rough
sketch of any pQrtion,of it that may be required, or of either
of the battle-fields named.

4, Officers will receive, on application to the secretary to
the Council of Military Education, a copy of the synopsis
of the studies pursued at the Staff College.
4, By command of his Royal Highness the Field-Marshal
Commanding-in Chief,

" WILLIAM PAITLET, Adjt.- Gen."
A notification has been issued from the Quarter-
master-General's departinent," signed by Lieut.-Gen.
Sir J. Hope Grant, G.C.8., announcing that in
consequence of it frequently happening that after
the conveyance of troops coastwise the brokers of
the steamers employed prefer claims on the Admi-
ralty for the quantity of baggage conveyed in excess
of that allowed by the regulations, although it :s
specified in the tender that such exiiessshall be paid
for by the troops themselves, his Ruyal. Highness
the Field-Marshal CommabdingLin-Chief directs
that on all occasions on wkaich extra. baggage may
be conveyed with troops coastwise, the commanding
officer is to, take such steps as will insure the freight.
for such extra baggage being paid on the spot,
before or immediately after the troops leave the
vessel. The order also States that, by direction of
the Duke of Cambridge, when extra baggage is
'about to be embarked, the local military authorities
at the port of embarkation are to communicate to
the naval officers, the, quantity,-if known to, them,
of extra baggage intended to, be shipped, in order
that proper arrangements play be made for its
stowage.
The GovernMent haS chartered the sailing ship
Akbar for the conveyance of" -reinforcements of va-
rious infantry 'troops to Ceylon.
_ _

On board the twin screw ship Far East, 'Henry
Jones commander,- which arrived at Cork on, the
23d from Hong Kong, Mauritius, and the Cape,
with the right, wing of the 67th Regiment, were
Col. J. W. Thomas, C. 13., in command, 323 men
23 women, and 18 children, and the following
officers i--COl. J. W. Thomas, C.B. ; BreVet-Ma-
jor R. If. -wife, and fdur children ; Brevet-
MajOr E. A. Ltnnon, • V.C.,.'wife, and one child ;
Acting Paymaster, Brevet-Major W. F.: Stehelin,.-
wife, and two; children;.; Surg. J. Lamprey, Lieut.
and .A.djt. A, 4. Poole, Capt. E. B. Knowles ;
Lieuts. R. E. E. Jarvis, L N. Mosse, and, W. D.
Lloyd ; Ensigns E. D. Thompson, J. E. Blundell,
G. W. B. Anderson, .C. F. 'Underwood, D. M. Pot-
' ter, and F. F. E. Knox. The only casualties have.
been the death of one man of the Royal Engineers,
of consumption, between China and Mauritius, and
one of the 67th.frotn the Cape. Two births oc-
curred on board. The 11th were, landed in good
health at Algoa Bay. The Far East was chartered
at bong Kong in April last to convey 'the right
wing of the 11th to Algoa Bay, but was detained at
Hong Kong waiting the arrival of twelve men of
the Royal Engineers from Japan until the 3rd of
June,. when-she left the Mauritius and Algoa Bay,
touching at Anger on the loth, and arriving at the
Mauritius on the Ist of July, leaving again on the
7th, and reaching Algoa Bay on the 15th, where
she was detained till the 26th waiting for the 67th
Regiment, which were under canvas at
Graham's Town. She -called at Sitnon's Bay
for stores and coals; at. St. Helena for water,
and St. Vincent's for coals, having been under

till past St. llelena. Since leaving St. Vincent
north-east winds had been encountered. These,
with fine weather, prolonged the pas Sage, WhichiVa.s
tedious from the Cape. The vessel's bottoM had
becomtrvery foul from lying at anchor so long in
Hongkong and Algoa Bay. The following vessels
spoken : —Aug. 2, lat. 33.29 S., long. 16.46 E., the
ship Oanita, from Akyab for Cork, for orders, all
well ; Aug. 3, lat. 32'19 S., long. 14.58 E., the bark
Golden Fleece, standing to westward ; /Lug. 25,
la: 4'24. N., long. 20.5 W., the ship Tangier, of
Liverpool; 43- days -otttl- Aug. 30, lat. 13.52 N.,
long. 22.45 W., the bark Hero of the Nile, from
Algoa Bay for Londou, 39 days out. The ship.
White Ad&r was ,taking in stores at Simon's Bay
on the Ist of August. '

The Imper,al Russian screw corvette Griden, 14
guns (tmarraotired), Capt. S. Kenarze*ski, anchored
at Spithead yesterday morning frOin Cronstadt;
rottte.for the Pacific and the Amoor river, and •ex-
changed the loud' honorary salutes with the flagship
of :the Port Admiral-and thesaluting battery of the
garrison. Mr. 0. Baker, the Russian Vice-Consul
at Portsmouth, paid an official visit to the ship on
her arrival, andon leaving was saluted frOm the
Griden's battery with 7 guns. Capt. Kenarzewski
afterwards landed at Portamouth, and; acconipanied
by• the Vice-Consul, called officially upon Lieut.-
.General Sir. George Buller; K.C.8., Vice-Admiral
Sir Thomas S. Pasley, K.C.8., and Rear-Admiral
Superintendent G. G. Wellesley, the Military and
Naval CoMmanderS-in-Chief at Portsmouth. The
Griden will discharge her powder and shell into
ordnance lighters at Spithead; and afterwards steam
into Portsmouth harbour' to remedy a few defects
,prior to resuming her voyage to the Pacific.
The officers 'of, Excellent, gunnery ship
at! Portsmouth, 'gave a -grand ball on board -the
Calcutta line-of-battle ship (a vessel attached,to the
Excellent for drill purposes) alongside the great
south jetty, of Portsmouth Dockyard this evening.
Orders have been received at Portmonth Dock-
yard to furnish the Admiralty with estimates 'of the
expense of removing the engines and boilers from
the two three-deckers Marlborough and rrince of
Wales and. of the ,replacing of their
_decks. We
presume by this order the Admiralty contemplate
utilizing these vesSels in auother 'form than their re-
' ported conversion to turret ships, possibly, as bar-
rack ships at Hongkong, 'for which, indeed, they
are admirably adaPted.should
this surmise
become available .for other
preveto-be correct the 860 horse-power engines 'of
both ships would of course,- with certain required
each vessel..
'An order received at Portsmouth Dockyard alterationssfihiitepsd.
m Tushtahenaodvsetre b(l3:faen about
itTe machinery when originally
, (lnn
yes-
terday from the Admiralty—one among the many
others daily received on various subject S—was in-
vested with that extraordinary degree of mystery
by the officials which is so often witnessed in the
Government yards, and which-is painful alike to the
outside spectator and the sharers in the mystery.
In the present instance it turned out that the Con-
troller's department'of the navy have it in contem-
plation to build •a small gunboat at Portsmouth to
Use -up certain material which cannot be made
available for any other purpose. This was the
great mystery, therefore, which so oppressed the
official mind yesterday at Portsmouth.
The Fairy, Royal screw yacht, now in the Steam
Reserve at Portsmouth, has been surveyed, accord-
ing to`orders to that effect.from the Admiralty; and
estimates arc being prepared of the probable cost of
her repairs and restoration to service as a Royal
yacht or otherwise, as may .be deemed desirable.
The Fairy was for ,so_ many years the favourite
vessel of her Majesty, the late Prince Consort, and
the younger members of the Royal Family, that now
to apPropriate her to other than Royal service would
be almost au act of disloyalty. The Fairy could

be rendered even now equal to
etceeding £6,000; and if this- were, ,494.08.
would again see her favourite vessel attat _ atS
the service of the Prince and Princess of Wales, the
Duke of Edinburgh, or other members of the Royal
Family when staying at Osborne and requiring to
go afloat, add this without depriving her Majesty
of_the use of the Alberta, which vessel should be
kept for the service she was built for—the exelu-
; sive'use of the Queen.
The following is an extract from a private letter
received by our Portsmouth correspondent- from
Her Majesty's ship Bristol, dated Ascension,
August 28 :
" Our engines are broken down, and we leave hero to-
day for England in company with the Leander, which has
put in here from the Pacific on her way to England. The
Leander is to tow us across the calms on the lino, and wo
expect to be in England the first week in October."
General Sir William Robert Clayton died at
Southsea on the 19th inst. in his 81st year. This
gallant officer entered the army September 28,1804,
became lieutenant November 14, 1805, and. captain
Apri1.27,1809. Ile accompanied his regiment, the
Royal horse Guards, to, the Peninsula in October,
1812, and commanded a squadron at the battles of
yittoria, the Pyrenees, at the period when Marshal
Soult attempted to relieve Pampeluna. In 1815
lie again accompanied his regiment to the Nether-
lands, and was at the battles of Quatre Bras,
Gemappe, and Waterloo. His commission bore
date as major December 21, 1815 ; lieut.-col., April
8, 1826 ; colonel, November 23, 1841; major-gen.,
November 11, 1851 ; lieut.-gen., October 26, 1858 ;
and general, January 12, 1865. Sir William, who
was the fifth baronet, succeeded his father in 1834.
He was M.P. for Great Marlow 1831-42, and was
a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for Bucks, of
which he was'high-sheriff in 1846.