The Sun.
London, England, 1835-09-25 00:00:00

•
.

TAT r r•
There was a very thin - • •

I.IiSALL' S.
attendance yesterday, &Ad nothing dotted
.N PAlis, Witastanurs
„cling the bad state of the weather, there was 4 Moil
.aenclance of rank and fashion, including his Royal Highs
. rinse George of Cambridge and most of the. igobilPry A.
~ere at the Doncaster Races.
The Stanley Stakes of 10 sovs. each ; three yrs old, 9st. 'jib,our,
10st. 51b. ; five, 10st. 121 b. ; silt and aged, 1 lst, 211). 'A. F
Eight Subs.
Lord Wilton's Languish, 5 yrs, Bst. 21b...L0rd. Wilton I
MLord G. Bentinck na. Catharina, b yrs ....... ......
r. Houldsworth's Hectic, 3 yrs ......... ...,„ ............ ::: ~,1
st Catharina, Z.to 1 agst
Lord R. Grosvenor na. Solon, 5 yrs ..., .................
Betting—II to 8 agst Hectic, 2to
,1 p,..76
Languish, 10 to 1 agst Solon. Yfon r.s..everly by three gttarters of a
length.
Th. 2, ilampagne Stakes o'. 50 3ovs, each, h. ft., a.rul 50 added by
the town and neiglail,ourhood o 4; Bolton for two-years-old; colts,
Bst. 31b. The second to save his. stake. A
sTrat.ig6hlbt. -h,
atififlliev
~
mile. A winner once to carry 3lbs. extra; twice,
Subs.„,. E.):even Subs.
AP'. R. Turner's b. f. by 01ympu5,,,,,, ...T. Lye, 1
_ _
Mr. Robinson's Whaley, by Lan•-r ..................... ~, 2
Sir R. Bulkeley's ch. f. by Vilocipede—Miss Parric;k 3
Mr. Osbaldeston's g. by N ~*:rocipeile—Fickle .......
...... 4
Mr. Buckley's Dick, by I.:ifuley, dam by. Comus„
........ 5
Lord Derby s Erminir sister to his Amurath.,
.......
... 6
Betting-11 to 8 agst 4Whaley, 2to 1 agst tl,e winner, Won
cleverly by half a length.
The Heaton Park Stakes of 25 sovs. each, P., ft., and 5 'July if de-
the Ist of September, Otte mile and a half,
dared on or befor.
Thirty-two S\fns,
Ld R. r?..rosvenor na. Lady le Gros, 7st. 911„N.Flatman 1
Iti':. Hobson Whitefoot, 4 yrs, 7st. TA... ............... 2
Mr. R. Turner's Fearnhurst, 4 yrs, 7st .................. 3
Lord Chesterfield's Griselda, 3 yrs, 6st. 51b. ..... ..... 4,
Mr. Barrow's b. c. bLancrar, 3 yrs, fist. 31b.... ...... 5
Mr. Osbaldeston's f. by HumAry yrs, a fea;ther 6
Count Matuschewitz names Prince 6 yrs, Bst. 21:b....... 7
Mr. E. Peel's b. c. Tarick, 4 yrs, ,7st. 911.) ..... . ......... fell
Betting-6 to 4 agst Lady le Gros, sto 2 Est Tariek, 6to 1
agst Griselda, 10 to 1 agst Prinee, 10 to 1 agst -Fearnhurst, 12 to 1
agst Alecto colt. Won very ea.ty by two lengths. Tarick fell
when about three-quarters O. a mile from home, but his rider was
not hurt.
A Piece of Gold Plate, Tdresented by Count Matuszevic, added to a
Sweepstakes of 30 sv.,vs. each, 20 ft. ; three yrs old, 9st, 71b.; four,
; mares and
lOst. 91b. ; five, I '..st. 21b. ; six, and aged, I Ist. 71b.
. gs 11.-m`....d 31b. The winner of a Cup, Cup Stakes, or
geldings 11
King's Plate in 1835 previous to the day of running, to carry
81b. extra • 1
; of two or more, 51b extra ; maiden horses allowed 71b.
Horses
One not having won in 1835 allowed Sib:, only, one allowance,.
not
and a half Sixteen Subs.
r ord Westminster's Touchstone, 4 yrs— • .3.oi•d Wilton 1
LLord G. Bentinck names Catherina, 4 *yrs ........ 2
ord Wilton's Langui5h........................... _
........ .
Lord Lichfield na.'Trim, 3 yrs. ............................. 7
Betting--4 to lon Touchstone, 10 to 1 agst Catherina, 10 to 1
agst Trim, 10 to I agst lanpish. Won in a canter by about
twenty yards.
____

BEAT° -
Notwithets* '
brilliant 10
near
IP-

BLAND-FORD RACES, WEDATEsair,
A Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft., for three yrs. r;id . col
Bst. 71b, :, fillies, Bst. 41b. One mile over the
Yew eourstse., Tie tubs.
Mr. Houldsworth's Tauntonian ......... lked over
T 'Wa
The Dorsetshire Stakes of 25 sovs., 15 ft. Thirteen Subscriber;
nine of whom paid 5 sovs eacY,.
Sir E. Baker's Spume, 4
... J. Day I yrs ..... .. .
Mr. 'Shirley na. Blenheim, 4 yr5......,,' ..
......... ... .....
hree
A Plate of 501., given by the Members fez the County ; 2
t yrs
old, 6st.: four, 7st. 101 b• ; five, Bst. 91b ; six, 9st. ;, ed,
and aged,
9st. 31b. The winner of one Plate or Sweepstakes,
carry 31b. ;of two, 61b. extra. Heats, two
miles. ,this year, to
Day I I
Mr. Etwall's Revenge, 5 yrs ... ............. J..
Mr. C. Finch's Outcast, 3 yrs ................. ....• 0 dr
The Hunters' Stakes of 5 soya. each, with 10 added frog. the
Fund (if not walked over for), for horses that have been r qularly.
hunted, and not trained in any training stable ; five yrs, 1
.ist. 21b. ;
2..01b. extra.
six, Ilst. 91b. ; aged, 12st. ; thorough bred to carry
more, 141 b.
A winner once in 1835, to carry 101 b. ; twice or
Heats, one mile over the New Course. The hor.ses to be bona
fide the property, for three months prior to the CIP,y of running, of
residents in Do•aetshire. Seven Subscribers,
Mr. S. G-coro.e's Redman, aged, half-bred
Mr. o,Aley's%ultan, aged... ......... ...... 4 1 1.........
......... 3 4 2
MMr. Farquharson's Smuggler, 5 yr 5..... ... 1 2
r. Calpine's Rival, aged,. ~.......
............ 2 3
dr
Redman's qualificatio-A is disputed.

________
HASTINGS AND F.,T. _T.,EONARD'S RACES,
The Town Plate of 50 sovs., free f,,,r any horse, &c. Heats, twice
round and a diStance, 'starting at the distance.
Mr. Hodge's Lurchtr, 3 yr. s .............. Hornsby 1 1
MMr. Theobald's F,tockviai Lass, 4 yrs ... ......... ... .:.i 2
r. Wickham'. s Pinenex, 4 yrs ...........
A Cup,C given
.iy her Rcrcal Highness the Duchess of Kent, with
vs add,ed from tlr;Fund, free for any horse, &c. Heats, a
mile auk a half.
Mr. Shelly's Schoolmistress, 4 yrs Bst. 71b 1 0 1
Polr. Bishop's Jenny Wren, 5 yrs, 9st 0 0 2
Mr. Bacon's Eagle, 5 yrs, 9st .................. 2 0 3
Mr. Carter's Miss Ellen, 4 yrs, 7st. 101 b Ol 0
Lord A. Conyngham's Festival, 4 yrs, Bst. blb 0 odr
Mr. Hodge's Tritonia, 3 yrs, CAL 81b 3 0 Jr
Mr. Balchin's Figurante also started, but was not pl aced. First
heat won by a length ; second beat by half a neck— -it was a dead
for the second place in this 'zest, between Jenny Wren and Festi-
val ; third heat won by a length,

BEDFORD RACES, WEDNESDAY.
His Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas. Three Wiles.
Mr. Sowerby's Rioter, 4 yrs, 9st. llb ...........7s
Mr. Shackell's Lucifer, 3 yrs, 7st. 111 b. ........... ..irann 1
...... 2
2to 1 on Lucifer, who made strong running to the distance,
where Rioter challenged him, and won
cleverly by a length.
Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, for two-yr-olds, wi'::o 50 added by the
Doke of Bedford. Three quarters of a
rr*Ac. (7 subs.)
Mr. Lucas's Tell-Tale, by Swap, Bst. 7,o....Twitchet 1
Mr. Phillimore's Lady Anne, by Cam,,i, Bst. 41b.....•• 2
MMr. Sowerby's Shamrock, Bst. '7lb. .......... 3
r. Pettit's Almnas, Bst. 71b ...... ..
.......................... 4
Mr. Lantour's Queen of Navarre , Bst. 41b 5
Mr. Lantour's Sybil, by NigeL Bst. 41b ............ di,
Won by r_. length.
The Woburn Stakes of 10, sovs. t,,ach. Heats, two miles. (11 subs.)
Air. W. Smith's G-anges,:4 yrs, Bst. 21b...Wakefield 1. 1
Mr. Shackell's Kydcrabad, 3 yrs, 7st.
F:ven on Ganges, who won easy. d
The Cour!ty Plate c:f 70/. Heats, two miles and a half.
Mr. Goldsmith's C'atalonian, 5 yrs. Wakefield 1 1
Mr. Nerve 's La%ay Jane, 4 yrs, Bst. Ilb ....... . ..... 2 2
Mr. *King's C. kiy Filho, 3 yrs, 7st
Mr. Webb'4 lepides; 3 yrs, 6st. 91b 3 dr
Both heats won easy.

0 SWESTRY RACES.—TUESDAr.
A Cupp 'Value 50 sovs. (in specie), the gift of Sir 1:,/, W. Wynn,
Bart., added to a Handicap Stakes of 15 sows. em•oh. One mile
arid P. half. Eight subscribers, three of whom priid 6 sovs. each.
!dr. B. King's b. m. Lucy, 6 yrs, Bst. 61b... ~,,Arthur I
Air. Nanney's br. c. Cymro, by Banker, 3 yrs, Est. 61b. 2
Mr. Thompson's b. c. Lord Francis, 3 yre, 6st. ......... $
Won very easy.
The Shropshire Stakes of 20 soya. each, with 50 added by
the Inn-
keepers of Oswestry ;h. ft. The best of heats, star;ir,g at the
winning chair. Seven subscribers, one of whom pall S sovs. ft.
Mr. Nanney's ch. h. Ratcatcher, 5 yrs, Bst. 11b., walked over.
The North Shropshire County Members' Stake In? 10 sovs. each,
h. ft., with 50 soya. added by Sir Rowland Fi 11, Bart., and W.
Ormsby Gore, Esq., for horses of all ages. Heats, one mile and
a half. Three subscribers.
Sir T. Stanley's ch. m. La Grace, 5 Yrs,'Sst. 61b 1 1
Mr. Nanney's br. c. Cymro, 3 yrs, 7 st
2 Won very easy. The ground heavy, any; the weather unfavon d.rr.
able.

THE REGISVRATIONS.

(Continued from th.e Sun of yesterday.)
CITY OF LONFJON—KING'S BENCU„
The vote of Mr. Job Bridie was objected .to
Rowcroft, on the ger.eral ground of want of qualc by Mr.
ation.
Mr. TROTT comptained that the objectie:as
were taken
so generally on th,..t other side. When Ire considered the
inconvenience oe,Jasioned, he was astonished that shame
alone did not r.revent the continuance of such a course ; if
the substant=ial grounds of objection were stated, much
trouble woy:id be saved.
Mr. Ilowcroft said that he was only following the ex-
ample 'which had been set in the ot.i.:er Court. When those
on tl'.e Other side talked of shame, they ought, to look at
holne, and remember that flier), had themselves objected on
general grounds to some of the most wealt'Ay merchants in
the city of Londori.
It was then shown that the premisca occupied by Mr.
Bridie were of the required value., Ind it was found on refe-
rence to the poor-*rate book, that he was not rated to the
first poor-rate rnade for the rear.
Mr. Rowe,roft submitted' that this was a failure in tire
qualificat;mu, and that the objection must be allowed.
Mr. TiouLYN reserved the point for consideration.
'everal objections, involving no points of novelty. were
then discussed, and the Court adjourned at half-
vat four
o'clock.

COMMON PLEAS.
Mr. CRAIG gave judgment yesterday, in the case of
Thomas Amnar and others, claiming in r'..-spect of nine
counting-houses, &c., situate at 46, Limed-street. It ap-
'pearea that the premises in question are ci building in form
of a. parallelogram, let out in counting-houses ; the lesme,
Mr. Bannard, living in one part of it, kereping the key of the
outer gate, and having in charge the duty of keispinn- tbe
' different portions of the premises in a proper state of clean-
liness. Mr. Sharpe, in objection, had cor,tended that the
proper construction of the words of the I,7th section of the
Act, " Any house, warehouse, r:;oun.ting-house, shop, or
other dwelling," a cownting-house, to give a
must be a separate 'building, and thq claim to vote,
the things set forth.
before " other building" must imve been intended to be
buildings, tyr the word " other' would not have been use/J.
Mr. Crr.:ig stated his rea so n 9, for arriving at the conclus;.on,
that the' words " other I.duildings" bad not the effect of
ree.ricting the meaning, of the word " countir.g-house" to
what was a separat" building, and that 4:nese counting-
houses were soffir-ient counting-houses thin the meaning
of the Act.--
NO other case of importance oc:ztirred, and he Court ad;
'Claim allowed.
journcd half-past four o'clock..

On Tuesday last, the 'neighbourhood of Harrow
was visited with a severe storm of thunder and lightning.
PRODIGIOUS STRENGII.—On Saturday week. at
Newland Clough, Johnson Morrod, of Cottinglaun, common-
carrier, for a wager of ss. carried upon his back sixty stone, of gravel, in two bags tied together, for a distance of tell.
yards.—Hull Observer.

k

V

a

4

Al

II

QUIRY IN IRELAND.

FIRT REPORT.

(Concluded front The Sur of yesterday.)
The great range of inqu.t-q-
-desirable that it should be consthus opened to us made it
Thus
in separate branches.
It was evident that the minds of'
, sioners, if employed' each upon a .+rilltue,,Assis Commis-
It
isitattle of suisjects,
extols-iv
Many of which were of themselves sufficiently ' stet; f°r
in_
a separate Commission, would be incapable of mint. • -".
' vestigating any one, and consequently that the most ohms -
facts alone would be ascertained ; whilst it was evident,
from the great variety or opinions, that the truth was far
from obvious, and required a patient, minute, and diligent
.search. Two other evils seemed inevitably to attach to
such a general inquiry. The great length of time during
which the exasnination would last if each subject were
thoroughly investigated would render those who gave evi-
dence impatient ; consequently the latter subjects of the
inquiry would in most cases be neglected. Again, several
of the subjects could be far more efficiently conducted by
persons having peculiar,practical knowledge. The inquiry
into the management and efficiency of hospitals, dispen-
saries, and ether medical establishments, would in all pro-
bability be more usefully conducted by medical men ; whilst
an inquiry into the wages and habits of farm labourers, and
into the nature and extent of
ng employment for them, would
be better intrusted to those lo practised in rural occu-
patiorse•
eared to us the most convenient
The division which app
was into two principal branches :
The first, an inquiry into the extent of destitution, into
the modes in which relief was afforded to the destitute,
and into the effects of those modes.,
The second, an inquiry into the causes of destitution.
It was considered advisable to subdivide this latter
branch into four distinct heads :
An inquiry into the rate of agricultural wages, the habits
of farm labourers, the nature and extent of employment in
agriculture, the nature and state of agriculture, to endea-
vour to discover whether there might be any measures
within the reach of the Legislature which would tend to
increase the demand for labour.
An inquiry relative to the manufacturing population, and
to trade and manufactures, for similar purposes.
An inquiry relative to the fisheries.
And one relative to mining.
IL We will now state the course which we have pur-
sued in collecting information, showing how far the evi-
dence is full and impartial, and therefore how far worthy of
reliance.
Our first act in the collection of information was to cir-
culate a set or sisitistical questions. These questions were
sent to the Clergy of etch persuasion, to the Magistracy,
to the heads of the police, and to such educated persons as
bad been named as able and willing to give us assistance.
The purport of these questions was to obtain an outline of
the extent and nature of each parish, the number of des-
titute persons it contained, the number arid'nature of the
institutions for the relief of the poor, the slate of wages,
rents of cottages, &c. ; about 7,600 of these questions were
circulated, about 3,100 were returned, and the state of
about 1,100 parishes was described by them. Many well-
informed persons in every part of the country were in-
duced, through answering these questions, to send state-
ments by which considerable insight was afforded upon many
subjects of importance.
To obtain information sufficiently extensive in its range,
and sufficiently impartial, by means of circulated questions,
was obviously impossible. As a Board, we could not pass
from one district of the country to another, and receive
local evidence, if the country was to be extensively visited,
and if our inquiry was to conclude within any reasonable
number of years. If each member of the Board had taken
a separate district it is probable that each would have been
more impressed by those circumstances which had been
subjects* of personal observation than by those which had
been colleeted by his colleagues, and consequently were to
him only written evidence. Besides, many of the Commis-
sioners had other important duties which would not admit
of their leaving Dublin. To have contented ourselves
with such information as we could obtain by witnesses
brought to Dublin would have been materially to lessen
the chance of obtaining full and impartial information, not
only as regarded classes of persons, but as regarded the
various districts of the country.
It was obviously necessary, therefore, that others should
be deputed to make local inquiries.
The difficulty, great under any circumstances, of select-
ing persons upon whom reliance could be placed as posses-
' sing intelligence in tracing the truth, diligence in pursuit
of it, patience in examining a variety of persons of different
views and habits, and impartiality in deciding between cen-
flicting statements, was much increased by the peculior state
of society.
In a community which had long been divided into poli-
tico-religious parties, each regarding the other with jealousy
and animosity, it was extremely difficult to find persons who
would be able, even if they were desirous, to divest them-
selves of every partial feeling, nurtured as they had been
in at: ant:-social state. And even when persons should
have been found who really were themselves thus impar-
tial, there was still a danger that they would be suspected
of parttaking of the prejudices with which their relatives,
friends. ond connexions were known to be imbued.
On the sslSher hand, to have left the inquiry to those who
were foreign ts' the country, would have been to entrust it
ant of its peculiar social construction ; of
to persons ignor.
the peculiar habits' and feelings of its people ; of the pecu-
liar idioms of its lan,suage : and, consequently, to those who
would be incapable of guarding against imposition in the
receipt of evidence, and against giving offence to those from
whom they received it. The oily mode of combining the
national knowledge possessed by the one, with the impar-
tiality almost certain in the other, appeared to be by join-
ing in the inquiry a native of Great Britain with a resident
native of Ireland.
In order to reap the fullest advantage possible from such
an arrangement we required that all the evidence should
be taken in the joint presence of the Irish and English As-
sistant Commissioners ; and we have, in a few instances,
been compelled to reject evidence which, through accident,
had not been thus taken. We likewise empowered either
Assistant Commissioner to invite the presence of any per-
son whose evidence might appear to him individually to be
important and to put any question he might think pertinent
to the inquiry.
In preparing instructions for the Assistant Commis-
sioners, we searched the evidence given at various times
before Committees of Parliament relative to the condi-
tion of the people, and to the causes which have, di-
rectly or remotely, led to that condition, and also the
various private Publications upon the subject, and con-
sulted those persons who, from their habits and posi-
tion were like.lY
to be the best acquainted with the si-
tuation of the pssople. Certain circumstances were stated
by those whose ()Onions were thus obtained, as conveying
a faithful representa.`ion of the general physical and moral
condition of the working classes. Other circumstances
were mentioned either ss the immediate or remote causes
of that condition ; and, again, others as the immediate
or remote effects. We felt it to be necessary not only
to ascertain to what extent those statements might be
facts, but whether they embraced the whole of the facts,
and whether those facts affected a few districts or the
whole country. With this view minute heads of inquiry,
based upon the information ' thus obtained, were drawn
up. Those heads of inquiry did not anticipate the nega-
tive or affirmative, but were so framed as to admit of any
explanation within the range of the class to which each
belonged, being general as to that class, but confined to
the main subject of which each formed only asubdivision.,
It was carefully enforced upon the Kssistant Commis-
sioners that those heads of inquiry were not for the pur-
pose of r;°siricting them, but merely 'as an assistance to
the memory, cosuring that, at each examination, no portion
of the subject,
however, minute, which was known by us to
be worthy of isia
.ration, could be omitted. The As-
coi,
gstant Commissioners were expressly reminded that they
were not merely at libers'y to probe each portion of the
subject as far as it might in their discretion appear neces-
sary, but that they were positively required to do so ; the
heads of inquiry being merely for the purpose of putting
them, previously to their going out, in possession of all
points of the subject, as far as they were known.
In order that the evidence might be at once full and im-
partial, and be collected and registered in a manner per-
fectly
satisfactory, the Assistaut Commissioners were de-
sired to adopt the following course :-
Iss. To request the attendance of persons of each grade
in society, of each of the various religious persuasions, and
of each party in politics ; to give to the testimony of each
class an equal degree of attention, and to make examina-
tions in the presence of all, in fact, in open court. Not to
allow suy person to join in conducting the examination, and
to state azt the opening of the proceedings that any state-
ment made by ssn individual, and not impugned by. any
person present, wonld be considered to be acknowledged.,
as at least probable by all.
2dly. To note down, at time of examination, the replies
given, or the remarks which occurred to him ; to register,
as nearly as might be possible in the words of each witness
the statements which might be made ; to register the
names of all the persons who attended the examination ;
and INfore proceeding to examine another district, to send
the minutes of the previous examination to the office of
the Co . .t.i.. . ers in Dublin, signed by both the A.ssistant
,2---.
Coinii 1 e.:-Ta7:•-,, pi, •-,
-,,,..40-,...c . .
C;lvsisynr.fA;ommisstoners were required only to col
eviaeactiVacis,44)d.opinions), and to record their per-
sorpr ascii:6.o6g b 4 .4.lic subjects, and in the manner al-
y_detailed ; they Od merely, in the examination of wit-
fs
es and of local circumstances, to act as our representa-
, ; they were notinstructed to furnish any general re-
Pl:t.nor to make ivetnmendations ; for as each Assistant
Comnaissioac_r_roi,restricted to one branch of the general

.
branch 0s a single division of
any general concluSido*,
-via from partial 644'6%,
• We; howerei; re-,
'4 we ultimately

autumn, anavdeticre°an:t w
portion or it b f re
completed
shalleted the evidence before the close 'of the
your
mt ha
ie.
ens
tbye, ableae ee .to
plaanyi
eadn abdyd tsi
ee
nnlael -
recommendations as to certain parts of the subject referred
to and that early in February we shall be able to close
Commission by a final report. Whether the time occu-
pied
e sc
by u
the Commission be or be not unreasonably long
must wholly depend upon the nature and extent of the sub-
ject ; the extent of thed
istrict to which it refers ; the
number
concerns
neelearsesse s; ofth personse in those districts whom it pe-
culiarly
required informatiadoner
and, fin
possessed willingnessbly those.and ability for giving the
of whom the in-
quiry must be m
finally,
iuponyt
hteh e
timeminutenessy
ne
the investigation. To estimateal a i
4;,,,,r an inquiry without considering those circumstancesees
sa n
necessary
would be imposale, Quo Commission might be fairly ac-
cused of being dilatory, though it bad existed but six
months ; whilst another miabt have been most active and
diligent, and yet have ekiendea over several years. An
inquiry for obtaining an accurate body of statistics, for
weertpling the ntimbors of each religious denominatin in
a country would require far less time than an inquiry for
instance into the mental and moral effects produced upon a
population by various systems of education,
An intP.;;;.,- into the circumstances which retard the
prosperity of a nation, and into those circumstances which
might improve its general condition (the objects of our
inquiry) is clearly very different in its scope, and difficult
from an inquiry into the effects of a single institution,
as for instance into Corporations. For an inquiry rela-
tive to Corporations is not only confined to the effects
of a single institution, but even to its effects upon a very
small portion of a community. In like manner an inquiry
into the administration and operation a an existing sys
-tern of Poor Laws, though most extensive as regards the
district of country, and the classes of persons affected;
including the whole country and its population, is yet
comparatively very limited in the subject. An inquiry
as to whether any measures can improve the condition
of a •people might and would include an investigation,
into the immediate and remote effects* both on morals
and on production, of every law and every usage. It
must embrace every class of the community in every dis-
trict of the country.
No Commission could possibly he entrusted with a wider
or more complicated subject for its investigation than
ours ; few Commissioners, perhaps, ever received such
wide instructions ; few Commissioners have had a greater
district over which to extend their examinations ; none
could have had a larger portion of a community to con-
sult ; none have had a community in which information
was more difficult to collect than that of -Ireland ; and
we think the evidence which we now lay before your
Majesty, will show that the minuteness and accuracy of
investigation will bear a comparison with the known re-
sults of any other inquiry. Thus, whilst no other inquiry
has, upon any one point, exceeded in difficulty that with
which we have had to contend, we have had to encounter
the combined difficulties of all other inquiries.
These remarks are not made under the impression that
your Majesty has considered us to have been dilatory in our
proceedings ; they are not made with the desire to dispa-
rage the labours of others, nor to claim for ourselys any
peculiar merit ; they are made because wa know that on
the close of our labours a period will have elapsed rather
exceeding that occupied by several very effective inquiries,
particularly by that on the English Poor Laws. We
refer to that inquiry, because the highest estimate has been
formed of the manner in which it was conducted, both as
regards diligence and accuracy, and because we feel that in
measuring:our labours, and the time they are likely to oc-
cupy, by such a standard we shall have taken the surest
mode of showing that we have used the utmost diligence.
With a view to lighten as far as possible the arduous
duties attaching to us, the collection and arrangement of
the evidence, and the general machinery of all Commissions
being to a great extent similar, a secretary was appointed
who possessed experience in such occupations, and who was
therefore likely to anticipate many facilities and difficulties
which would escape the observation of those who were not
equally practised. From the similarity in many respects
of an inquiry into the operation of the poor laws in Eng-
land, and an inquiry into the condition of the poorer classes
in Ireland, the secretary to the former inquiry was ap-
pointed, But the business of the English inquiry having
been prolonged beyond the period anticipated, he was not
permitted to join us till six months after the Commission
had been in operation, and consequently the experience
by which we were to benefit, and thus to shorten our
labours, was withheld during a very important period of
our sittings.
With regard to the economy with which we have al-
ways conducted the inquiry, this cannot, any more than the
time, be justly estimated without considering the extent
and difficulty of the duties and the manner in which they
have been performed. An inquiry which contains but one
branch can, of course, be conducted for a smaller sum than
one which contains three or four ; for either an additional
number of Assistant Commissioners will be required for the
latter, or if an equal number only be employed they must
be continued during a far greater length of time. Again,
a Commission, the examinations of which can be conducted
by Assistant Commissioners, acting singly, will be at far
less expense than one the examinations of which must
be taken before two Assistant Commissioners. On the
English Poor Law Inquiry the Assistant Commissioners
were only engaged during three months ; the Assistant
Commissioners on this inquiry have been constantly em-
ployed during dearly eighteen months. The great expen-
diture upon every inquiry of this description consists in the
travelling expenditure of the Assistant Commissioners. Had
it been possible to bring before a Parliamentary Committee
the same description and the same number of witnesses as
have been examined before our Assistant Commissioners,
twenty times the amount dour expenditure would not have
sufficed ; and yet the value of evidence depends chiefly
upon the number of persons examined, and upon the Wm.
bar of districts about which information is gained%
We cannot emelt* this sketch of our proceedings up
to the present period without remarking that, having been
appitinte4 to Ititp4iro into the condition of that poton of
your Majesty's Irish subjects who are or ma; ILie considered
as requiring relief, we have felt it our duty tei devoto our
attention, in the first instance, tq those Glasses in which
distress was known or supposed principally to prevail. We
think It necessary to make this observation, in consequence
of our evidence containing so few details as to the condi-
tion of the poor placed in more favourable circumstances.
We know that there is a very large number of instances in
which, through the benevolence and judicious devotion of
individuals to the personal superintendence of their estates,
and the improvement of the condition of their poorer neigh-
bours, much misery has been alleviated, and much wholly
prevented.

inquiry, and prosecuted tha
the country, we considered tha.
which he might come -
peld 13e dra.
and consequently be little trustw ort)sy: 0
served the power to call for either s.h u
•
deem it expedient. that as none
BY the first of thwit
hd those matterswas which peculiarly or
are so conversant
the members of that class, by
erections it hopee.l
g to a1;.7 ,
-sistant Commissioner would chiei!v belon
ree.:.juir
41ieir evidence, the A
•
s- 'ant testimony ; and
possess hims.;:
of the most comp.... --ante of. other
statement in the pres.
Ala by receiving t;,L.'
,interests or even having
;lass
~its, but possessing, from local connexion, -s. not having the sm.; ffi-
site inter.. ....is of the circumstances of the witnesses, to
crent knowleue _
"-ability, the best security possible would
determine its proj•
statement would be worthy of cre-
be obtained that each • "t been ''made solely with a
dente, and that it had ,*crest ; that by refusing
view to a sinister and class in.
'strict to sit with
to allow any resident of the te
examination,
the Assistant Commissioner, or join
the working classes would feel more c0me....11en.?6 the
-e spew(
-impartiality of the procedure, and would thereto., ,
without restraint. By the second head of direction we hope...
ia
to provide against the possibility of misrepresentation through
any of the circumstances being forgotten, or others which-
did not exist being inadvertently inserted ; by the words_ of
each witness being recorded as nearly as might be, to leave
the evidence less open to misrepresentation ; and in effect to
bring the reader more immediately in contact with the wit-
nesses ; by the list of persons who attended the examination
being given, to enable the public to decide whether each
class was fairly represented ; and by the minutes of evidence
being transmitted to the Board immediately after the examie
nation, and the Assistant Commissioner not being permitted
subsequently to alter them, to obtain a sufficient guarantee
that they had not been adapted to the theories of the examiner.
In addition to the certainty of having every portion of
the inquiry investigated in each of the districts visited, the
systematic form adopted makes the evidence bear the same
arrangement for every district, each point for each district
being always in the same part of the evidence. It has also
enabled us to separate the evidence upon each branch of
the inquiry into several distinct heads, and to print the
evidence on each head taken in various parts of the country
conjointly. By this arrangement the mind will not be per-
plexed in the consideration of any subject by the constant
, intervention of matters wholly foreign. The examinations
relative to the support of deserted and orphan children, for
• instance, taken in a variety of parishes, and in each parish
nearly at the same time with examinations relative to six
other subjects, have been separated from those other sub-
jects, and have been printed consecutively in the alphabe-
tical order of the names of the parishes ; a certainty is
created by this arrangement that, however extensive the
whole evidence may be, every fact bearing upon any one
' subject will be found within a small compass. The pri-
mary questions circulated have each, with the answers be-
longing to it, been added as a supplement to that portion
of the evidence collected by the Assistant Commissioners
to which it relates.
The evidence collected in the great towns and contained
in the Appendix (C), however, ism most points an excep-
tion. This was one of our earliest inquiries, and before
our system had been matured. The instructions given to
the Assistant Commissioners were so general as to be vague,
and so extensive in the range of subject as to preclude the
possibility of minute investigation upon any portion of their
inquiry. The circumstances, too, under which the testi-
mony was received, and the manner in which it has been
recorded, render it of much less value than that subse.
quently taken, and forming the Appendices hat
s B).
We should not have printed it bad we not felt that we had
better publish much which we consider of inferior value
than give the slightest countenance to an assertion that
any of the evidence we had collected has been either sup-
pressed or mutilated.
111. The reasons for not yet being able to obey your
Majesty's command to report to you " Whether any, and
what, further remedial measures appear to be requisite to
ameliorate the condition of the Irish poor, or any portion
of them," are perhaps sufficiently given in the fact that we
have not yet completed the second branch of our inquiry,
namely, that which relates to "the causes of destitution.
We feel, however, at liberty to make a more extended ex-
planation, and we think such due to ourselves. We should
be little worthy of the high trust reposed in us did we con-
tent ourselves with deciding upon the extent and nature of
distress, or upon the means of only present alleviation. We
consider it fell to our duty to endeavour, if possible, to in-
vestigate the causes of the destitution which we discover,
and to ascertain why classes of your Majesty's subjects are
from time to time falling into a state of wretchedness—why
the labouring population do not provide against thew events
which seem inevitable—why the able-bodied labourer does
not provide against the sickness of himself or that of the va-
rious ioembers of his family—against the temporary absence
of employment—against the certain infirmity of age, or
against the n,estitution of his widow and his children, in the
contingent eveni pf his own premature decease ; whether
these omissions arise from any peculiar improvidence in his
habits, or from the insufficiency of employment, or from the
low rate of his wages. It would not even be sufficient did
we answer that the limited amount of employment and the
rate of his wages will not permit him, It is our duty to
carry the investigation further, and at least to endeavour to
trace whether there be any circumstances Which restrict the
' amount of employment or the rate of wages, or in any other
way offer impediments to the improvement of the people,
which are such as can be remedied by legislation,
The principal occupation in Ireland being agricultural,
our first attention has been directed to that branch of in-
dustry. We are informed, both through private commu-
nications, and through Parliamentary and other public do-
cuments, that there is much unreclaimed land in Ireland
which might be brought into cultivation, and that land al-
ready 'under cultivation might throughout Ireland be more
efficiently worked, and thus increase the demand for labour.
We wish to ascertain to what extent these statements arc
well founded, and whether the evil is attributable to want
of capital or to vant of skill, and whether there are any
circumstances which have deterred British capitalists from
coming to Ireland, or have prevented the investment in
agriculture of capital actually existing in Irelands and to
what extent those circumstances have proved injurious.
In case the evil arises from a. deficiency of skill in the
tenantry, to ascertain whether there are any means by which
a superior knowledge of agriculture can be diffused; whe-
ther it be possible generally to introduce those systems
which, in Down, Armagh, and in other counties, are re-
ported to have produced the most beneficial results, both to
the owner and the occupier.
Others causes of inferior cultivation have been assigned,
upon which it is necessary to possess information. Some of
these respect corporate lands, lands of minors, lands in
litigation, lands held under custodiam, &c. ; and, more par-
ticularly, lands in possession of sub-landlords, whose inte-
rest is not sufficiently extensive to permit them to look be-
yond present gain, whilst the interest of the head landlord
is too remote to induce him to lay out capital, the benefit
of which could scarcely accrue to himself, even at a very
distant time ; others respect the conditions upon which the
tenantry hold the land and buildings ; others respect the
means of communication, their absence, or their imperfect
condition, as ea-eating an impediment between the grower
and his market.
We are also about to inquire into the actual condition
of the agricultural labourer as to food, clothing, and
habitation ; and the terms upon which he possesses con-acre
ground or bolds as a cottier tenant.
We feel that in endeavouring to prevent the existence of
,destitution we shall more strictly fulfil your Majesty's Com-
miSiion than if we merely devised means for alleviating mi-
sery after it bad arisen. We shall feel deep pain should we
ultimately be compelled to leave to any portion of the pea-
santry of Ireland a continuation of distress on the one hand
or a mere offer of charity on the other. Far more grateful
would be the office of recommending measures by which
the industrious labourer might have the prospect of a con-
stant field for his exertions, with a remuneration sufficient
for his present demands, and admitting of a provision
against those contingencies which attach to himself and to
his family. It is our anxious wish to do more than di-
minish the wretchedness of portions of the working
classes ; we are most solicitous to place the whole of those
classes in the greatest state of comfort which it may be
within the reach of the Legislature permanently to provide,
consistently with the good of the rest of society.
But even were there not that necessity which we are con-
vinced there is for further inquiry to enable us to decide
whether much of the now existing misery might be pre-
vented, still we should be compelled to proceed, in order to
avoid recommending measures which might lead to new
evils. We cannot otherwise tell what might be the ef-
fects, upon those who are now able to support them-
selves, of any mode of relief which might be proposed ;
how far such mode of relief to those who are destitute
might increase' the amount of destitution. These are not
idle fears, but such cautions as necessarily suggest them-
selves to' those who are acquainted with the effects pro-
duced upon the labourers in England by the public pro-
7ision for the destitute in that country. Looking beyond
the physical conditin of the working classes, we also are
desirous of guarding against the moral degradation which
might follow in the train of measures benevolently in-
tended, but ill-judged, when applied to a nation possess.
ing the habits, and being in the peculiar situation, of the
people of Ireland.
Having heard complaints within 404 PO o' Parliament
4elt we have consumed much time and money pmeepo:
'-"iiiry, we avail ourselves of this opportunity of
mg our
''-e of yourijesty to one or two re-
soliciting the attenia,.. complaint. Your Ma-
marks on these alleged grounus
jesty's Commission bears date 25th Septernt'eli, !833; we
have, therefore, to the present tirep been occupied one year
and ten months. We have Jie 1.911,e4 Fp4099.9 believe that

All which we humbly certify to your Majesty.
RICHD. DUBLIN. (L. S.
D. MURRAY. 0..5.)
CHARLES VIGNOLES. (L. SO
R. MORE 0' FERRALL. (L.S. )
JAMES CARLILE. (L. S.
F. HORT. (L. S. )
JOHN CORRIE. (L. E.
J. L. W. NAPER. (L. S.
W. B. WRIGHTSON. (L. S.

Tflk LONDON,, SODA Y, SEPTEMBER 25, 1835.

,PRICES OF CANALS, DO=CK= STOCKS,
ASSURANCE COMPANIES, &c. &c. &c.

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25. i
Number bitlilend Price
Shares.
of per f ' CANALS: per
Annuln. Paid. Share.
1,760 61 pei cent. Ashton and Oldham....Average 975. 18s. sh. 160
1,482 Si. Ashby-de.le-Zouch
Average 1131. sh. 65
1,260 ...... Basingstoke • lOO/. sh. 51
a
1,003 Brecknock and Abergavenny 150 . sh. 65
4.000 sh. 12/. 10s. Birmingham, 1 share 17/ 10s. 252
4.000
........ . Ditto and Liverpool Junct.
-100/. sh. all pd
600 ....... Bridgewater and Taunton ....100/: sh. all pd 64
400 51. Chelmer and Blackwater . lOOl. sh. 102
50) 421. Coventry 1001. sh.
4,5;6 Croydon Average 311. 9.5. 10d. sh.
2,064 w 31. 10s.. Dudley
600 61. Derby 100/. sh. 120
3,5751
231 43f. Erewash 1004 sh. 395
1,297 28/. Forth and Clyde Average 400/. Ifis. sh. 605
11,500 121, Grand Junction 1001. sh. 230:
2,8491 Grand Union 1001. sh. 24
1,511 Grand Surrey l, 0/. sh. 25
120.01 Pd. 41. per cent. Ditto (optional) Loan lOOl. -
to ..)6 Grand Western
600 131. P.N. Sd. Glainorganshire, Average cost 172/. las. 4d. 280
1,960 Gloucester and Berkley 1001. sh. 141
719 it/, Grantham 1301. sh. 202
6,238 11. 10s. Huddersfield Average 57/, 6s. 6d. sh. 34
100
21,3-. N 11. Kennet and Avon, Average 394 Bs. 10d. sh. 20
2,897; 20/. Leeds and Liverpool 100/. sh. 5271
515- . liv Leicester l4O/. sh. ' 148'
907 41. Leicester and Northampton... Aver 83/. los. 80
550 5/. per cent. .1.41..1.eard and hooe Union 251. sh. all pd. 25
70 1441. Loughborough . Average 142/. 17s. sh. 1,520
2,409 11/. Monmouthshire 100/. sh. 180
250 94 Melton Mowbray 100/ sh. 190
l'ibo 251. Mersey and Irwell lOO/. sh. 56,1
3,000
247 15/. Neath 100/. sh
100 ..,„ .. Nene Navigation Bonds ...100/. sh. 100/. pd. 100
1,786 .311. Oxford 1001. s,h. 610
522 2/. Oakham 1304 sh. 38
2.400 4/. Peak Forest Average about 78/, sh. 106
21,418 14s. Regent's (or London] Aver. 331. 16s. Bd. sh. 151
5.669 51. per cent. Rochdale Average 85/. sh. 141
500 8/. Shropshire 1251. sh. 140
800 10/. Somerset Coal 150/, sh. 1611
45,000/. 61 per cent. Ditto Lock Fund Stock 12/. 10s. sh. 12
700 361. Staftlard and Worcester l4O/. sh. 690
500 11/. Shrewsbury 1251. sh. 2421
300 81, Stourbridge 1451. sh. 220
3,641 U. 108. Stratford-on. Avon ...Average 791. 9s. Bd. sh. 381
5:3 13/. Swansea 100/. sh. 206
3,762 1/. Severn and Wye and Railway ...Av. 35/. sh.
2,6001 so. 321. 10s. Trent and Mersey, 1 share 100/. sh. 625
8,149 ' ... ...... Thames and Medway...Aver. 191. ss. Bd. sh. 2
• 1,0005h.1 15! Warwick and Birmingham 100/. sh. 280
I,ooolsh. j
910 12r. Warwick and Napton lOO/. sh. 218
6,000 3/. lOs Worcester and Binningham...Av.7B/.Bv. sh. 86
20,000 ss. Wilts and Berks ~ Average 161. 17s. 83. sh. 5
800 61, Wyrley and Essington 125_1. sh 75
126 Wisbeach ........... ............. . ........ lO5/. sh. 45
905 11. Wey and Arun llOl. sh. 221
DOCKS.
2.600 & I3p c. Commercial 100/. sh. 5
1, 8
sh '
498,66711.
3,238,3101/. 50s. p. ct. London Stock 54
Ditto Bonds lO3
1,380,000/. Si. per ct. West India Stock 95
2,203 3/. Gs. 441. Bristol .. Average 147/. 19s. sh.
68,324/. 5/. per cent. Ditto. Notes, various amounts 116
1,352,752 3 per cent. St. Katharine St'
72
500,000 41 per vent Ditto Bonds
200,000 4 per cent. Ditto Bonds for 10 years
.. 'mil
Shoreham Harbour
2.5'0 .... .. Deptford Pier ' 00/, sh. li. pd
BRII)GE'
...,.
430 1/. llamtnersmith
501. sh. 23
7,231 ~..
- 7 .. Southwark. ,ki
Av. 63/. 2s. Sd. sh. 21
1,700 .„. iss. _ Ditto„ .4'
a ew, of 71 per cent. 5Ol. sh. 15
5,000 Waierloo lO3/. sh. 21
,
~,000 11. 2s. Ditto, Old Annuities of 81. 6O/. pd 241
5,000 19s. 3d. Ditto, New Ditto of 71 40/. pd 22
60,0001. 51. per cent. Ditto Bonds llB
6,000 17s. Vauxhall Average 701. 10s. 3d. sh. 221
ASSURANCE COMPANIES.
2,000 3/ 10s Albion 500/. sh. 50/. pd 761
50,000 [5 riirdcsegn.t.}
Alliance, British & Foreign 100/. sh. 10/. pd 111
50,000 6 per cent. Ditto, Marine 100/. sh. 5/. pd 51
24,000 it, per sh. Atlas
1,200 ish. 4/. Birmingham Fire 250!. sh. 551. pd 105
20,000 4/. per cent. British Fire 250/. sh. 501. pd 40
rand 301 by r cent}
12,000 61. per cent. British Commercial 50/. sh. 51. pd 6
5,000 5/. per cent. Clerical, Medical, &c. Life...lool. sh. 2/ lOs pd 3i
4,000 21 10s County 100/ sh. 101. pd 42
6,200 spe
000 ss. Eagle 50/.sh. 5/. pd
Economic Life lOOO/. sh. 250/. pd 315
L.
2,271 5.1/, per cent. European Life ',W. sh. all pd 22
50,000 2s. Ditto, New 2O/. sh. 2/. pd 11.128.
1,000,000/. 71. per ct. Globe Stock 150
20,000
_- 1/. Guardian ,r ... ...... .

Jian 1001. sh 201. pd 35
iv.. r Fire 5 p ct.l Hope 4°,---' Life 8 p ct. j 5Ol. sh, 5/, ra gi
2,400 5/. 7s. 6d. Imperial Fire 500/. sh: F:0/. pd 118
7,500 9s. Imperial Life 1,„,,.. 0.. 101. pd 1)1
2,020 54
."
per cent. Indemnity Marine
0/. sh. Si. pd 15
10,1 3/ lOs Kent Fire....-... .............. 50/. sh. all pd 92
1)0 16s. Law Life lOO4 sh. 101, pd 26
3,900000 11, London, Fire • 254 sh. 12i. Ills. pd 231
31, 14 Loodea, SOll, N 25/. sh. 12/. 10s. pd 23-1
$O,OOll a per cent. Palladium I -,fe
501. sh. 2/. pd 2/ 6s lid
250,003 is, 6d. Protecto'.! Fite 2O/. sh. 2/. pd 11 6,6 d
2,500 1/, Proy'.;lent Life lOOl. sh. IV/. pd 191
100,000 hg• :lock Life 201. sh. 2/. pd 6/.
689,2204 5/. per tent. Royal Exchange Sun Stock 190
2 50,001 4 per cent, United Kingdom Life 2l. pd 212 s 06d
JOINT STOCK BANKS
5,000 ... ...... A uqtrala.ia 4O/. sh. 26/. pd 40
10%0011 10 percent. Bank of Birmingham 5ll. sh. 101. pd 12k
114,060 10 per cent. Birmingham Bank 504 sh. 5/, pd 12
38,000 2 percent. London and Westminster...loo/ sh. 15/. pd 13
,000 . ........ Lancaster ......... ............ ...... 100/. sh. 201. pd 30
5.'5,000 6 per cent. Liverpool 100/. sh. 101. pd 15
20,000 7 per cent. Provincial Sank of I reland 100/. sh. 25/. pd 47
10,000 National Provincial Eng. lOO/. sh. 251. pd 191
10,000 10 per cent, Gloucestershire 501. sh. 51. pd H
6,001) Hampshire 501. sh. 5/. IA Ba 9
GAS LIGHT AND COKE COMPANIES.
2,500 1/ 12s Bath 2Ol
sh. 16/. pd 25
5,000 RI. per cent. British 4O/. sh. 151. pd 211
c5/.per cent-1 Ditto t.rovincial
5,'" /and Bs. ss. j 20/. sh. 19 pd 2'2
544 5/ lOs Birmingham 5O/. sh. 100
4,230 210 s Bristol 2O . sh. • 39
1,500 Brighton 2Ol. sh. 13a
750 Ditto, New 901. sh 181. pd 111
2,471 5 per cent. Brighton General .20/ sh. all pd 19
4,000 3/, Continental Cansolidated • 100/. 511/. pd 95
1,000 10/. City of London lOOl. sh. all pd 1921
1,000 6/. Ditto, New
4,000 4/. les. Equitable 954 pd 35
6,000 6/. per cent. East London 51. sh. 4/. pd
10,. 00 51. per cent. Imperialsol. sh. 4:;1
800 51. per cent. Isle of Thane(
2,35 ' 1 251,
_sh. 4201._ pd 20

6!. per cent. Independent 3Ol. sh. all i)d 50
9,000 31. per cent. Phoenix 501. sh. 39/. pd 24
1,000 4/. per cent. Ratclifr 1001. sh. 60/. pd 69
-4,0.0 South Metropolitan 5O/. sh. 131. pd
8,200 5/. per cent. United General • • 50/. sh. 441. pd 5.51
20l•
sh. so,::::sphspl :8i
210 51. per cent. Warwick
400 li 53 Wakefield .254 sh. 9' i
12,0t10 ai, Westminster Chartered W. sh. ""'
0,000 12s. Ditto, New .504. 41. 101. • 46i
EGO

1 4,400
Birmingham ..... ..
4,433 51. East Loamtan .........-..... - 25/. sh. 25/. pd 27
4,500 2/ lOs tivme.l Juuetiou lOO/. sh. 132
2,000 21 Kent ....Average 411 13s. 4d. sh. 51
i 0& Livei pr.,' lOOl. sh. 46a47
1,5100 94 Itle N,-- ,i Bootle 2201. sh. 300
6,4ai it. .e River London Bridge Water Annuities 58
1,000 4 p.- Manchester and Salford
8,:',00 . -.• cent. South London
' "100/. sh. 85
3/.
West Middlesex ....Average 631. 12s. 9d. sh. 77 '
..360 11 14s York Building Co. Lessee Prop 1001. sh. 34
IRON RAILWAYS.
350 Cheltenham 1001. sh. 78
2,000 Clarence lOOl. sh. 1001. ixl 45
2,500 19s. Forest of Dean 5O/ pd 27
30,000
Grand Western IOC/. sh. 5/. pd 1.
2,030 Hartlepool 100/. sh. 100/. ptl 80
2,100 Leeds and Selby lOO sh. 100
1,500 Leicester and Swannington ....501. sh all pd 51
5,100 9 per cent. Liverpool and Manchester...lool. sh. 1001. pd
Ditto Quarter Shares °5l. pd
20,000 London and Greenwich 'W. sh. '2Ol. pd 23.1
25,000 London and Birmingham ...1001. sh. 35/. pd 771
20, 00 London ane Southampton -.50/. sh. 1.1. pd 7.1
2,500 Preston and Wigan 201. pd 2--
800