The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1859.

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SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

BETTING AT MANCHESTER.-FRIDAY.

LIVERPOOL STEEPLECHASE.
25 to 1 agst Tease (taken)
25 to 1 agst The Brewer (taken)
25 to 1 agst Jealousy (taken)
30 to 1 agst any other.

CHESTER CUP.
40 to 1 agst Wrestler (taken)
50 to 1 agst Pensioner, (taken)
500 to 5 agst Raspberry (taken)
500 to 5 agst Shafto (taken)
TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS.
Bto 1 agst Ralpho (taken)

ORTHAMPTONSH

Whimsical
Bald Faced Stag
Topsail
Accurate ..
Artevelde
Scent
Tame Deer
Fisherman .
Leamington
Broadbrim
Tattler
Ravenstonedalc ...
Moorcock
Southampton
Gulliver
Beacon
Rio
Commodore ..........
Stapleton
Gaze filly
Grillade
Gala colt
Fly by Day ..
Hydromel
Chanoine
.Haymaker 4
The Gem
Agnes colt
Charles the Second 4
Clara Webster
Compromise
Solomon
Bevis
Pan 3
Old Point
Special License 5
Dispute
Lord of Lorn 4
Meg Merrilies
'Wallas
Hobgoblin - 5
Mutineer
Ducrow
Paul Jones 3
Layton ... .. . 3
Polly Peachum 4
Abron 4
Turned Loose ...
Newcastle 3
Timon 3
Simpleton
Blackthorn ....
Heir-at-Law
Sedbury 4
Clydesdale 4
Drogheda .. . 3
Borderer 5
4 Blue Jacket 5
4 Tournament
3 Royal Sovereign
3

THE CATASTROPHE AT THE POLY-
. TECHNIC INSTITUTION

It is much to be regretted that the report yes-
terday at the Middlesex Hospital as to the condi-
tion of some of the sufferers by the late sad accident
at the Polytechnic Institution is not so favourable
as it was on the preceding day.
The cases which excite the greatest anxiety, not-
ithstanding the unremitting attention of Mr. Shaw, •
the senior surgeon, Mr. Rix, and the medical staff,
are those of Sarah Coppin, who has received severe
injuries to the head, indeed a fractured skull and
concussion of the brain ; Ann Howard, fracture of
• left arm and right collar bone, with severe inter-
nal injuries ; and Fanny Flood, who has sustained
a compound fracture of the jaw, with• injuries to
the head and concussion of the brain. The little
boy Clement Pike,brother to the child Emma Pike,
on whose bodythe inquest has been already opened,
and who received a scalp wound and other injuries,
had so far recovered as to be enabled to leave the
hospital.
With reference to the cause of the accident, Mr.
Marsh Nelson and Mr. Christopher Eales, the two
architects selected by the coroner and jury to exa-
mine the ruins and•remains of the fallen staircase,
have already commenced their labours, with a view
to framing their report, but which will, of course,
not be permitted to transpire until laid before the
coroner and jury at the adjourned inquest.
Amongst other points which have come out, it has
transpired that the weight of the iron treads, let
into each step in the form of lattice or trellis-work,
was in itself somowhere about 501b5., the openings
or interstices being filled in with heavy Portland
cement. Consequently, in addition to their own
original weight, weakened as they were by wear
and cutting to let in the iron, each staircase that
has fallen had to bear a permanent burden of up-
wards of a ton.

It is only just to the directors of the Polytechnic
Institution to state that they have evinced the
deepest anxiety for the unfortunate sufferers, and
that, in addition to the medical aid they may have
obtained, either privately or publicly, it was re-
ported yesterday that they had obtained the ser-
vices of Mr. Thomas Wakley, jun., the surgeon to
visit and make a report on every case which has
cdme to their knowledge.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE,

ISLE OF WIGHT.

It appears that the principal landowners have
recently held meetings to promote the formation of
a line in the Isle of Wight, which, on the comple-
tion of Stokes Bay Ferry, will complete the com-
munication between the metropolis and Ryde,
Newport, Cowes, Ventnor, and Bonchurch. The
proposed railway is to commence close to the pie]
at Ryde, and thence proceed to Rowlands, where
it will diverge to the right to Newport, and thence
touching at Parkhurst and Northwood, to Cowes,
and to the left, proceeding coastward, to Sandown,
by Gatton, to Bonchurch and Ventnor. The neces-
sary plans have been deposited for the purpose of
proceeding in the ensuing session for an act to
authorise its construction.

NORTHERN OF FRANCE.

The total traffic receipts on this line from the Ist
of January to the 30th of December, 1858, amounted
to £2,203,481, and for the corresponding period of
1857 .to £2,059,083, showing an increase, of
£144,398, or 7 per cent.

MR. TITE, M.P., WV PUBLIC QU.ESTIONS.

On Thursday
.evening Mr: Tite,- M.P.- for Bath
addressed a very numerous meeting of his consti
tuents at the Guildhall. Mr. G. Norman presided.
- Mr: TIM; in reviewing the past session of Parlia-
ment, adverted to the overthrow :of Lord Palmer-
ston's Ministry on Mr. M. Gibson's motion, and ex-
pressed his opinion that this event was to some
• extent caused by Lord Palmerston not . hav-
. in g
,himself written a despatch to •. the French
Government. Had the division on .Mr... Gibson's,
motion not taken place, as it did, • on • -the Friday
night; and. ,had • the
,debate .been adjourned until
Monday, he believed Lord "Palmerston'S' Ministry
would have. been in power at the .present time.
Mr.
,Tito referred to the Jew. Bill,. which,
he said; . .he . had always voted . for, • because
he never. —could understand why • a man's
opinions •on • questions affecting the jeWS 'should
make him a worse citizen pr a Worse; islator.
On the subject of churCh-rates Mr. Tite said that,
:though a Churchman himself by education and
,princaple, he-could:puck - see why he 'ought to call
upon a mars who thought differently from himself
to support the fabric of a church in which he could •
not conscientiously worship. It had been argued
that the...chureh. rates were a• charge upon the-land
—that they
„were' like the poor-rates and county
rates. .If that were so, where was the difficulty of
enforcing the payment ? Oa this subject he very
much,agreed with the 'Bishop of London that the
payment of church-rates ,interfered so • much with
Christian feeling, and Christian propriety that they
ought to be abolished. During the recess he (Mr.
.Tite) visited'
.Cherbourg. In the arsenal .he saw
nothing which gave him the least apprehension, but
he-confessed he saw.with some alarm the character
of thefleet. The French sailors were worth some-
thing, though they were not, perhaps; equal to our
own Jack Tars. If there was a large French
Channel fleet, of course there must be a large Eng-
lish one, and taxpayers must bear in mind that this
would be a very important item in the next esti-
mates. He now came to the great question of Re.
form. He was sometimes asked, " Who wants
Reform ? what does it mean?" It appeared to him
that the answer to this question was, " If nobody
wants it why- is everybody bringing it forward ?
Why have Government after Government brought.
it.forward ?" .Nothing would_have been more con-
sistent in a Tory Government than to say, " No, we
think some unimportantchanges should be made in
the Reform Bill, but, as it was a final measure, we
see no necessity for going on bringing in Reform
Bills ; we will attend to the business of the nation."
It would have been consistent if they had said that,,
but they did not say so.. England was now so much
in earnest on the subject that if, when Parliament
met, the Government said, "We won't have re-
form," they wouKproba.bly soon be in a Minority.
The country would `then be appealed to, and they
would soon see whether,reform was' wanted or not.
The .Government, however, had undertaken the
reforM question, and it appeared to him that there
was nothing in the antecedents of the two great
leaders of the present party to make it inconsistent
with their profesSions or their position. Lord
Derby was formerly no enemy to reform, and it
was said that the Chancellor of the Exchequer be-
gan life as a Reformer. If, then, we were to have
reform, what was it to be ?. . This had occupied a
;Teat deal of his thoughts. A very eminent legis-
lator, whose courage he always admired (Mr. New-
degate) had 'told then - that the population of county
constituencies which voted for members of Parlia-
ment-was 10;000,000 against 7,000,000 of consti-
tuents for. borough members ; that the one returned
337 members, . representin., a population . of
7,500,000 ; and the other about 150 members, re-
presenting a population of 10,000,000. This was
no doubt true;_ but there were thrown out of the
account altogether those boroughs which were
operated upon" by :agricultural influence. Mr.
Bright had . said very fairly that the House of
Lords represented the agricultural interest. Then,
the question of. the distribution of electors with
respect to numbers was perfectly inconceivable.
There was the greatest possible irregularity in :it.
The great borough of-the Tower Hamlets had more
electors than the whole of the West Riding of
Yorkshire. Having read a number of statistics
showing the irregularity in the representation, Mr.
Tite proceeded to say that Mr. Bright had evi,
dently.abandoned the idea of dealing with these
enormous difficulties, and was attempting some-
thing that was really practicable. What his
scheme was he could only comparatively con-
jecture. On the part of the Government not a
single fragment had escaped as to what their mea-
sure would be. With respect to the part which
Mr. Bright had taken, perhaps it was well ex-
plained in what might be Considered the manifesto
of the Birmingham Reformers. Among the irre-
gularities in the Parliamentary representation
were the nomination boroughs, or boroughs which
represented the opinions of the gentleman who had
the power to. nominate. It was sometimes com-
plained, too, that many of the small boroughs re-
turned literary•men to Parliament—for instance,
that Midhurst returned Mr. Warren. But; on the
Other hand, Macaulay was returned by the great
constituency of Edinburgh ; Sir Bulwer Lytton and
Mr. Disraeli were county members, and Mr. Glad,
stone was the member for the University of Oxford.
These gentlemen did not owe their seats to the
small boroughs, but to their great merit and talent.
It was no complement to a learned man to be re-
turned by any of these nomination boroughs,
with a constituency of 120 or 130 people. As men
of talent they were returned by much larger con-
stituencies. The number of boroughs which had
less than 500 registered electors was 59. They
returned 89 members, representing 20,376 electors,
representing a total population of 373,000. • But it
was a most singular fact that even these boroughs,
in which the electors were under 500, often repre-
sented very large populations. He (Mr. Tite) was
at a loss to understand this state of things. Pro-
bably the qualification was too high to let in a large
class of voters: After these illustrations of the
irregularities in our present system of representa-
tion they would; no doubt, ask. him what remedy
did he propose for such evils. He confessed he had
nothing, because he considered it to be his business
to hold himself entirely unfettered. Here were
two parties bidding for his vote, and whicheVer
bade the higher should have it. (Applause.) With
this conviction he hoped his constituency would
pardon him for taking that course. He would hear
what they all had to say, and if a good measure
were brought forward he would be one of the first
to give it his support. (Applause.) The question
was sometimes asked, " Why should there not be
burgess voting ?" He did net know why there
should not be. It was a system which existed
earlier than the Norman conquest, and he did not
see why burgess voting should not be adopted in
every borough. They. could not deal with enor-
mous boroughs and their irregularities, some having
a population of 5,000 and some 160,000; but they
might very much simplify the question by adopting
the system of burgess voting, having the same
examination for a Parliamentary voter as kir a
burgess voter. He • hoped they would get rid of
the absurdity of compelling a man to prove that
'he had paid up his rates. (Applause.) He did
not see why the electoral franchise should be made
the means of assisting the rate collector. Where
there were poor men it not unfrequently
introduced the question of party, and per-
haps where there was a Whig or a Tory collector
men were sometimes left alone until after the last
day. (Applause.) He sincerely hoped that they
would not only have a large measure of reform, but
an honest and sincere one ; that the Legislature
would not seek to do that which would turn to the
advantage of party ; but that they would do that
which was honest, above board, and fair to all par-
ties. (Applause.) Mr. Tito then referred to the
question of the ballot. Every day's experience, he
said convinced him of the necessity of secret voting.
He saw many able writers who were opposed to it,
but lie would ask them to come and canvass a con-
stituency on the Liberal side, and if they did not
come to the conclusion that the ballot was neces-
sary' they would not be open to the conviction
which should follow any honest and generous mind.
He was no lover of the ballot until he found it was
necessary. Why should 4 man's vote be printed in
a book, together with the amount of his rating, and
hawked about among his neighbours ? (Applause.)
It .was said that it led to exclusive dealing on both
sides. If so, it only made the necessity for its amend-
ment the greater. In conclusion Mr. Tite referred
to the recent dispute between France and Portugal
and expressed his opinion that France on that oc-
casion was not dealt with by England and by
Englishmen with sufficient vigour.. He should be
sorry, however, if in the next session Parliament
should he much occupied with the discussion of this
question. They had more important matters to
attend to, though he should be the last man in the
world to say anything except in abhorrence of the
slave trade, and for the adoption of the strongest
means being taken to put it down.
At the close of Mr. I'ites's address a vote of con-
fidence in him was unanimously passed.

FRANCE AND JAPAN.

(From the ITlonitcur.)

A fresh diplomatic success has just closed the
'year 1858. A treaty of amity and commerce was
signed, in the name of the Emperor, by Baron Gros,
and in that of the. Sovereign of Japan by six Japa-
nese merchants, at Jeddo, the capital of that distant
empire, on the 9th of October last. The year 1858
will therefore have witnessed the definitive removal
of the barriers which in China were only slightly
opened to the zest of the world, and which in
Japan continued to completely interdict access to
that country to,any foreign nation; The conquest
of those two countries of the extreme East to

'modern civilisation,- hitherto so Tull of mystery,
and forming, notwithstanding all their analogies,
. two very distinct nations, which, having resisted
the invasions of the other races of the globe, had
retained all their originality—that conquest will
remain ono of the great titles to glory of our epoch.
Unforeseen complications appeared at one time to
*have seriously impeded, if not to have rendered
impossible, the negotiation which Baron 'Gros had
been eharged to open with Japan,, as •-soon as he
should have completed the treaty with the Court
of Pekin. The
.Emperor died suddenly, and an.
attempt was made to conceal that fact ; the cholera
had also broken out in .Japan and raged with 'ex-
treme violence. In that state of things it was
natural that a wish should have been felt to avoid
for the present a mission Which had been announced
beforehand, and the object of which was well
knOwn. , The reception given to 13aron
,Gros was,
'hoWever, marked by a courtesy to which it is
, evident the knowledge of the taking of Canton and
the brilliant affair of. Takou had considerably, con-
tributed. We think it will,not be without interest
to give the details which have reached.us relative to
the circumstances which preceded and were atten-
dant on the conclusion-of the treaty of Jeddo;' for
although China has already become partly revealed
to us, it. is not the same with Japan. Scarcely any
one was before aware how far nature had favoured
that fine country, or of the intelligence and in-
dustry of the people. It was on the 6th of Sept.
that Baron Gros left Shanghai for Japan on
board the steam corvette Laplace. On his arrival at
Shnoda; on the 13th, he there received from the
two Governors, who here the first Japanese autho-
rities' with whom he entered into relations, the most
friendly welcome. The first governor immediately
paid him a visit, attended by a numerous suite, and
with all the insignia of his office. A collation had
been prepared on board the Laplace, and the con-
versation was from the first full of animation and
cordiality, although it was necessarily carried on
through an interpreter. It was, however, evident
that a hope was entertained of inducing the French
mission to abandon the idea of proceeding to Jeddo:
'The Emperor is ill,' said the Japanese Governor
to Baron Gros, and he probably will not be able
to receive you. Why do you not send from Simoda
the compliments you are charged to pay to him on
the part of your Sovereign, and thus spare ourself
a useless and fatiguing voyage ?' -Baron Gros re-
plied that his mission had a more serious object in
view ; that' he had come invested with full powers
to negotiate with Japan ; and that he must conse7
quently proceed to Jeddo, whence he should write
to the First Minister and inform him of the kind
and pacific instructions with which he had been
charged by the Emperor of the French. That de-
claration cut short the objections of the Governor,
who soon after withdrew,. inviting Baron Gros to
visit him on the folloWing day, and partake of a
collation at .his residence:, Before quitting the cor-
vette, he visited every part of her with the greatest
curiosity, and evinced a strong. desire to make him-
self acquainted with every detail, and on noticing
that the French were preparing to salute him when
he should-leave the vessel, he begged that it might
be fired while he was on board, that he might wit-
ness the working of the guns. The polite and
graceful manners both of the Governor and of his
suite proved to the French that they had to deal
with an intelligent race. On the folloWing morn-
ing presents of fish, vegetables, and fruit were sent
by the Governor on board the Laplace, accompanied
by° two reams of fine paper, to receive,' as he said,
the intelligent ideas of the first councillor of the
Emperor of the French.' Baron Gros returned the
visit of the Governor, according to the invitation
given,Accompanied by the captains of the,. Laplace
and the Pregent. Two Japanese officers'Were at
the landing-place to receive the party, and conduct
them to the Governor's residence -On - arriving,
there they were received by the Second Governor,
surrounded byhis officers, and were then introduced
into the room where the First Governor awaited
their arrival, and thence into the room where a
banquet had been prepared. Two long tables were
laid out, with a space between them for the attend- '
ants. A seat covered with matting had been pre-
pared for the French visitors, but the two Go-
vernors and seven officers, all in full unform,
kneeling on the table itself, sat on their heels,
the refreshments being served before them.. An
immense number of viands, served up in a small
lacker dishes and tureens, were successively placed
on the tables, and all the elegance of Japanese
cookery—less agreeable, it must be owned, to the
taste than to the eye—was diSplayed during the
collation. The hot wines of the country having
been served in elegant lacker goblets, visiting cards
were exchanged and healths drunk on both. sides.
The mirth soon became so uproarious that Baron
Gros thought it time to retire, after the Governor
had offered him the services of all the domestics,
pilots, and interpreters that might be required to
facilitate his voyage to Jeddo. Notwithstanding
this offer, however, he sent several officers next day
on board the Laplace to inform the Admiral of the
Emperor's decease, an event_which would no doubt

_ .
induce the French Ambassador to forego his visit
to Jeddo, as that city was plunged into general

mourning. The Ambassador replied that he was
deeply affected by the affliction which had befallen
the country, and that the French flags should be
hoisted only half-mast high, as a sign of mourning;
but he should nevertheless, sail for Jeddo on the
19th. The departure took place accordingly, and
the same day the French vessels anchored before
that town. A mandarin boat soon put off to the
Laplace, to request that the French vessels would
weigh anchor for Kanagawa, where they would be
well received. Six high dignitaries came on board
next day to reiterate the request, and for two hours
used every argument they could imagine to per-
suade the French Ambassador not to land at Jeddo
—first alleging the great affliction of the town, and
then the ravages of the cholera, which carried off
400 or 500 persons every day. As their prayers li
and entreaties, however, could not triumph over the
firmness of Baron Gros, they requested that the letter
which he was about to write to the First Minister
should not be sent until next day, and should then
be delivered in a small temple by the river side out-
side the walls. This proposal was acceded to, on
the express condition that the First Minister should
answer the letter the same day. The Second Se-
cretary of the Embassy, M. de Contades, went
ashore at the time appointed to deliver the letter.
The mandarins who had come to meet him stated
that a house was being prepared for the Embassy
in the town. On the 26th of September accordingly
Baron Gros, who, during the preceding days had
received on board the Laplace the six mandarins
appointed to treat with him, and who had come to
ask whether he accepted them as negotiators, landed
at Jeddo and took possession of the joss-house which
he himself had selected for his residence. He was
scarcely installed when he received a visit from the
Japanese. negotiators, as well as a present of an
abundance of provisions, consisting of vegetables,
fruit, and fish, sent by the Emperor, with an assur-
ance that the same quantity would be supplied
every day. Shortly after, a dinner, prepared in
the Imperial kitchens, was served up for 20 persons
in the great hall of the house assigned to the Em-
bassy. All the plates and dishes on the table were
bicker, and by the side of the ivory chopsticks,
which in Japan, as well as China, supply the place
of forks, they had the politeness to place silver-gilt
European spoons and forks. The Second Governer
took his seat near Baron Gros to do the honours of
the table; but, first of all, he requested the Ambas-
sador to order champagne, which, he said, he already
knew and liked very much. Baron Gros imme-
diately offered him some, and took the opportunity
to propose the health of the new Emperor. The
next day the negotiations began, and advanced so
rapidly that in five days all the clauses of the
treaty were drawn up. It was signed on the 9th
of October in the capital (where the French
colours floated for the first time) in several copies,
written in French, vulgar Japanese, the Japanese
understood only by the bonzes and authorities of
the empire, and in Dutch. After the signature the
Emperor sent several rolls of the silk tissues manu-
factured in the country as presents for the Embassy
and for the commanders of the Laplace and the
Pregent He expressed a desire at the same time
to obtain six percussion rifles. Baron Gros sent
them at once ; and the Emperor was highly de-
lighted with the present, and our sailors' had the
satisfaction before leaving Jeddo of seeing these
arms handled with remarkable precision by some
of those intelligent Japanese whom one of the