The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-16 00:00:00

American Trade.

Subjoined is a statement, prepared by Messrs. Guion
and Co., of Liverpool, showing the extent of our consign-
ments of goods to America during the year 1865. It wil
be seen that during the past six months they were not only
four times the amount of those of the corresponding half
of last year, but were considerably in excess even of those
of the corresponding period of 1860, while the importance
of this excess is in the latter instance much increased by
the intervening advance in price here and in the rates of
Customs' duties in the United States :

EXPORTS FROM LIVERPOOL OF BRITISH MANUFACTURES
OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND FLAX, TO NEW YORK
BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA, AND NEW ORLEANS IN
PACKAGES.

1860

11861

1862

1863

1864 I 1865

January
February
March ..

23,449,
15,762
14,153
11,038
15,189
24,078

17,436
7,324
10,699
2,595
2,627
1,445

April
May
June

Ist 6 mths

103,669

July
August
Sept.
October
November
December

24,136
19,975
13,641
14,830
17,598
20,992

42,126,

2cl 6 inths

111,1721

An. totals

214,841

2,740
4,105
4,451
6,990
6,602
5,904

30,792

1172,913

14,381
12,742
9,228
6,861
7,286
8,369

58,867

15,237
13,206
11,176
10,950
8,496
10,651

69,716

'128,5831

12,622
12,634
13,078
10,200
5,925
5,747

60,200

11,535
9,868
12,468
11,520
13,520
15,164

74, 075

134,281

16,669 6,
16,125 9,1
13,054
9,695 6;
11,857
13,269 10,

80,569

10,586 15,'
4,941 18,
4,361 20,

4,234 24.
3,602 25.
5,414 26

34,138113

1114,7071183,1

EXPORTS FROM LIVERPOOL OF FOREIGN SILKS, DRESS,
STUFFS, LACES, AND EMBROIDERY, TO NEW YORK,
BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA, AND NEW ORLEANS IN
PACKAGES.

1860 1861 1 1862 1863 1864 186
January 6,029 i
5,110; 1,175 2,760 5,662 4,5!
February 3,392 2,524' 2,722 2,931 6,629 3,3,
March 2,212 1,245 1,534 952 4,688 3,5,
April 1,377 1,120 2,017 922 4,742 2,6,
May
June
Ist G mths 18,136 12,9701 12,794 11,860 35,090 21,2
--
.-----; --- -- -_ _.
July
August
Sept.
October 2,068 1,328! 1,677 3,729 1,759 13,41
November 3,052 1,549; 2,068 2,563 1,036 12,92
December 5,763 2,1111 2,348 7,097 1,967 12,10
2d 6 mths 20,824 10,016 17,209 24,235 12,906 62,33
An. totals 38,960 22,936 30,003 36,095 47,996 83,58

"An English Merchant," in a letter to the Liverpool Post,
says :—" The commercial community of this town have
been somewhat astounded by the articles in the London
Times of yesterday and to-day in reference to our trade
with America. The Times indulges in prognostications
of a coming crisis, owing to the large shipments of go ods
to America, and which by implication the writer asserts
the Americans cannot pay for ; and, to give plausibility
to his version of the state of the account, he entirely
ignores the large shipment of cotton frpm the United
States to Great Britain. Now, in yesterday's Times I
find the following:._" The Cunard steamer this week has
brought no specie, yet it is known that the shipments of
goods to America, during the past as well as the pre-
ceding months, were on a scale larger than what has been
witnessed for many years, while the receipts of produce
thence have been singularly small." Now there can be
no question that the shipments of goods to America during
the past few months have been very large indeed; but it
is also equally true that never at any other period were
the Americans less indebted to this country for such
goods, for, upon due inquiry from most of our principal
firms connected with the United States, I find the same
answer—" All our orders, extensive as they have been,
have been remitted for by sterling bills when sending the
orders." From what source of information, therefore,
does the Times derive its idea of rash and extravagant
credits to the Americans ? Then the Times is again at
sea as regat•ds the shipments of produce from the United
States to this country. In its articles of yesterday and
to-day it has taken great pains to show that while we
have been supplying the Americans with vast quantities
of goods, which the exhausted stocks of the Southern
States absolutely necessitated their taking, they, in return,
have been sending us but small supplies of produce, and
that even shipments of gold to this country have entirely
ceased. With a paper claiming such pre-eminence of in-
formation, I cannot conceive what the editor has been
contemplating when he entirely omits from his calcula-
tions the shipments of cotton the past three months from
America, to this country, which have been so large that at
the present prices current they are estimated at fully thir-
teen million pounds sterling, a sufficient sum to exhaust
the Bank of England if it had to be all paid for in gold.
Perhaps the Times writer will, after placing this
£13,000,000 to the credit of the American nation, begin to
think that as the whole estimated value of our shipments
to the United States for the first eleven months of 1865
was not more than about £16,000,000, after all the Ame-
rican people cannot be owing us so very much; and as it
is also estimated that at present prices for cotton they will
be able to spare us at least £18,000,000 worth more of co

ton during this year, I think the feeling of panic which
the Times is endeavouring to produce is quite unwarranted
by the true position of affairs. The Times speaks most
deprecatingly as to the danger of the public of Europe in-
vesting in the United States 5-20 Bonds. Those who re-
member the warnings of the same paper bestowed upon
the Germans when they were largely investing in thorn at
38 to 40, and which many English buyers havo since been
glad to purchase from them at 68, will know how to appre-
ciate the warnings of the Times on financial questions.
How the Times can perceive a coming rise in America in
the rate of exchange, of 10, 20, or 30-per cent. with recent

and prospective shipments of cotton from thence, of the
value of X 30,000,000 sterling, I am quite at a loss to con-
ceive. Now, throughout these and former articles in the
Times there has been manifested a bitterness of feeling
towards the American people and nation which is much
to be deprecated ; more especially the flippant manner
in which it insults a kindred nation, with whom our
business connections are of such gigantic proportions, by
insinuating that they will repudiate their responsibilities,
is in my opinion, unworthy of the Times, and entitles the
writer to the condemnation of all thoughtful, honourable
men. How long will the public be led astray by a paper
which so misleads them, and which the experience of the
past few years has fully proved to be unreliable ? A strong
feeling is gradually setting in in that direction, and.l think
its once boasted power " for good or evil" is gradually
becoming weaker. Apologising for trespassing so much
upon your space, but which the importance of the subject
demands, I conclude with the words I have heard to-day
on 'Change from one of our old and respected merchants,
respecting these articles in the Times--"I have lived long
enough to know that by acting the
,opposite to what
the Times writes I am sure to do right."

The Earl and Countess Granville are expected
,o leave town to-day for Weimer Oastle, Kent.
The Earl and Countess of Listowel left town
yesterday on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Man-
chester, at Kimbolton Castle, Hunts.
The Earl of Chesterfield left town yesterday for
Bretby Park, Derbyshire.
Viscountess Dangan gave birth to a son on Sun-
day last. Her ladyship and infant are going on very
favourably.
Lord Dunsany and Captain and Mrs. Coote have
arrived at Brown's Hotel, Dover-street.
ARRIVAL OF PRINCE CHRISTIAN OF SCHLESWIG-
HOLSTEIN.—His Serene Highness Prince Christian
of Schleswig-Holstein arrived in England yesterday after-
noon. The Prince crossed the Channel from Calais in the
London, Chatham, and Dover Packet Company's steam..
vessel Maid of Kent, arriving at Dover at 3.15 p.m. His
_
serene highness, who was received on landing by Captain
Bruce, R.N., and Lieut. Morgan, R.N., on behalf of the
packet company, was conducted to the Lord Warden Hotel.
The Hon. Colonel Hardinge subsequently arrived by train
at Dover and received the Prince, who remained during
the night at the hotel, and will leave for Windsor this
morning.
IM
DEATH OF DR. D. J. SPSON.—.. James Simp-
son, deeply re-
gret
doctor
treorcoorfdm
ed themedicine,
ndeath
eldestof Aslorn.
ofD David
Professor Sir James
d
The
Sun-
day, a which,short to
nes
friends will not be the less sincere and heartfelt that they
anticipa • ted expressing their feelings
ilolk places. Tat e 5
condolence of Sir James's
a very different
manner.—
Edinburgh Courant.
CHARLES LAMB'S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.—
it Charles, born in the Inner Temple, 10 February,
1775.... pensioned off 1825, after 33 years' service; is
now a gentleman at large ; can remember few specialities
in his life, except that he once caught a swallow flying
(teste sua menu): below the middle stature stammers
abominably, and is therefore more apt to discharge his
occasional conversation in a quaint aphorism or a poor
quibble than in set or edifying speeches ; has consequently
been libelled with aiming at wit, which, as he told a dull
fellow that charged him with it, is at least as good as aim-
ing at dulness. A small eater but not drinker ; confesses a
partiality for the production of the juniper berry; was a great
smoker of tobacco, but may be resembled to a volcano burnt
out, emitting only now and then a casual puff. His true
works are in Leadenhall-street, filling some hundred folios.
In short, all his merits and demerits to set forth, would
take to end of Mr. Upcott's book, and then not be told
truly. He died 18—, much lamented. His queer
spirit departed. Crude they are, I grant you—a sort of
uulickedincondite things, villanously pranked in an affected
array of antique modes and phrases. They had not been
his, if they had been other than such : and better it is that
a writer should be natural in a self-pleasing quaintness
than to affect a naturalness (so called) that should be
strange to him.

27

THIRD EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, 7 o'CLocr.

LONDON GAZETTE.—This Evening.

FOREIGN-OFFICE, JAN 3.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Geo.
Brackenbury, now her Majesty's Consul in the Philippine
Islands, to be her Majesty Consul at Lisbon.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint
Frederick John Cridland, Esq., now Acting British Consul
at Mobile, to be her Majesty's Consul at Mobilo.
JAN• 15.

The appointments, which were notified in the Gazettes
• 735 of October 31 and November 3 of last year, of George
,/121 Buckley Mathew, Esq., to be her Majesty's Minister Pleni-
,362 potentiary to the United States of Columbia, and of Robt.
,716 Bunch, Esq., to be her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires And
423 Consul-General to tho Republics of Central America,
are cancelled, and, instead thereof, Mr. George Buckley
,126 Mathew has been re-appointed as her Majesty's Minister
Plenipotentiary to the Central American Republics, and
,708 Mr. Robert Bunch has been appointed her Majesty's
,481
,850 Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General to the United States
855 of Columbia, whose appointments respectively are to take
,812 effect from this date.
098 WHITEHALL, JAN. 16.
The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. Wm
804 Henry Fremantle, M.A., to the district rectory of St. Mary,
130 in the parish of St. Maqlebone, in the county of Middle-
sex, and diocese of London, void by the cession of the Rev.
Charles Dallas Marston.
BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, JAN. 15.
The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of
Privy Council for Trade have received, from the Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from
;65 her Majesty's Consul at Puerto Rico, reporting that the
527 ports of Arecibo, Aquadilla, and Naquabo, in that island,
345 will be closed to foreign commerce after the 18th February
,545 next.
,646 BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, Jeri. 16.
,755 428 The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade have received, from the Secretary of
!46 State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her
-- Majesty's Consul at Rome, reporting that all vessels enter-
-101 ing the harbours and Navigable channels of the Pontifical
921 820
States, are subject to the following light dues :—Roman
Ogg vessels engaged in the coasting trade, 1 bajocco per ton ;
,952 Roman and Foreign vessels not engaged in the coasting
_403 trade, 2 bajoccos per ton.
12,97616-2,37

;35 BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, JAN. 16.
The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of
)8.7. Privy Council for Trade have received, from the Secretary
- of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a Despatch from
her Majesty's Consul-General at Leipzig, stating the duty
of 20 thalers per centner is now charged by the Leipzig
Custom-house on all woollen goods in which the run of
the thread can be discerned on one side, such stuffs being
classed as "not fulled," whether they have undergone the
process of fulling or not.
WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, JAN. 16.
18th Regiment of Hussars—Riding-Master George Ray-
ment, from Ist Dragoon Guards, to be Riding-Master,
vice Herbert James Fairlie, who resigns.
21st Foot - Quartermaster Richard Erwin, from 29th Foot,
to be Quartermaster, vice Patrick Francis Foley, de-
ceased.
32d Foot--Lieutenant Cornelius Francis Clery to be Cap-
Min, by purchase, vice Adam Perry, who retires ; En-
sign William James Alexander to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice Clery ; Ensign Francis Anthony Garden,
from the 37th Foot, to bo Ensign, vice Alexander;
Lientenant Charles E. Le M. Cherry to be Adjutant,
vice Lieutenant Clery, promoted.
37th Foot—Gentleman Cadet John
,Robert Beckett, from
the Royal Military College, to be Ensign, by purchase,
vice Garden, transferred to 32d Foot.
50th Foot—Lieutenant Thomas M. B. Eden to be Captain,
by purchase, vice Richard Moore Barnes, who retires ;
Ensign David Lyall Grant to bo Lioutenant, bo pur-
chase, vice Eden ; Gentleman Cadet Montagu Wyn-
yard, from the Royal Military College, to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Grant.
64th Foot—Lieut. Henry V. Brooke to be Captain, by
purchase, vice Brevet-Major Charles Thompson, who
retires ; Ensign Edward Joseph Jekyll to be Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Brooke ; John .Baskeroyle Glegg,
Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase. vice Jekyll.
70th Foot—Lieutenant John F. Augustus Grierson to be
Captain, by purchase, vice Alexander Chas. H. Tovey,
who retires; Ensign Leyland Hornby to be Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Grierson ; Patrick Henry Coghill
Plunket, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Hornby.
75th Foot—Gentleman Cadet Henry Prevost, from the
Royal Military College, to be Ensign, by purchase, vice
Joseph N. Fitz Mathew, who retires.
HALF-PAY—Lieutenant Robert P. Fox, from 24th Foot, to
to be Captain, without purchase.
ADMIRALTY, JAN. 12.
William Hance Reeves, Esq., Paymaster, R.N., has this
day been promoted to the rank of Paymtister-in-Chief on
the Retired List.

JAN. 13.
The Reverend William Braddell MeCheane has been
this day appointed a Chaplain in her Majesty's Fleet.
The following 'Remotions have this day taken place :
To be Acting Engineers —Messrs John Miller and Alex.
Smart. To be Engineers—Messrs. Robert Widdicome,
Wm. Philip Ward, James Gordon Bain, Thomas Barker,
Henry James Wilson, Thomas Cross, and John Phillips.
Mr. James Shore has this day been promoted to the rank
of First Class Assistant Engineer in her Majesty's Fleet,
with seniority of Jan. 12, 1866.

COURSE OF EXCHANGE—This Evening,

Amsterdam Short. 11 171
Ditto 3 Months. 12 2
Rotterdam
Antwerp — 25 50
Brussels
Hamburg
Paris Short 25 12
Ditto 3 Months. 25 47
Marseilles
Frankfort on the Maine 120}
Vienna — 10 80
.
Trieste — 10 80
Petersburgh
Berlin
Madrid
Cadiz

Leghorn
Milan
Gonoa
Naples

11 18/
12 2i
12 2j
25 55
25 55
13 10
25 17
25 52
25 55
121;
10 85
10 85
30

6 28k
461
47/
25 72/
25 72
25 72
25 72

1,"
25 671
25 67
25 672
25 67+

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE—This day.

LoismoN, Jan. 16.—Wind this day at noon—South.
Westerly; moderate
_breeze, and cloudy woather, with
rain.

^YA
Ratourzr, Jan. 15.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—lvanhoe,
from London for Demerara, having lost stanchions, cut-
water, &C.

- COIS'Es, Jan. 11..:—Wrind S.W.—Arrived—Olaf, from
London for Cardiff.
NEWPORT, Dec. 15.—Wind
S.W.—Arrived—William
Balls, from Bristol for Corfu.
LIVERPOOL, Jan. 14.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Olinda,
from Pernambuco; Ontario, from Now York. Sailed—.
Wanata, for Melbourne.
PLYMOUTH, Jan. 15.—Wind B.W.—Arrived—Helene
Nicolaiff, from Limerick.

THE LIFEBOAT CALAMITY OFF GORLSTONE.—Tho
salvage lifeboat which unhappily capsized off Gorlstone on
the 13th inst. is in no way connected with the National
Lifeboat Institution, nor is the boat a self-righting ono.
There are four of these large salvage boats on tho coasts of
Norfolk and Suffolk, and one at Margate. They belong
to the boatmen themselves, and are constantly engaged in
saving property. Two of them have during the past week
capsized, the one at Gorlstone with a fearful loss of life.
Nearly all the 153 boats of the National Lifeboat Institu-
tion are self-righting boats, and aro specially used in sav-
ing life in cases of shipwreck.

THE ENGLISH FARM SERVANT OF THE 14TH
CENTURY.—Let me attempt to reckon the annual
value of a well-paid farm servant's wages, with those of
his family, in the first half of the 14th century. He received,
in kind, say six and a half quarters of wheat during the year.
The average value of wheat during the 14th century was
ss. 10d. This payment amounts, then, to about 38s. Bd.
His money wages were, say 6s. Bd. His allowances during
the harvest months were not worth less than ss. If his
wife worked for 120 days in the year at a penny a day,
it would add another 10s. ; and if his boy were also
engaged at a halfpenny (and these were the customary
wages of women and boys), it would add ss. more. If
we multiply this aggregate—that is, £3 ss. 4d., by twelve,
the wages of a hired farm servant, conjointly with those
of two members of his family, would have amounted in
modern money to £39 4s. ; that is, to nearly 15s. a week,
a rate far higher than the average wages of the modern
agricultural labourer. And we must not forget that this
calculation does not include his commonable rights, and
that he held his cottage and curtilage at a rent of about
3s. a year, that is again in modern money at about 9d. a
week; nor does it seem that the labourer ran any risk of
not finding employment. Wherever peasant proprietor-
ship is the rule of tenancies the wages of labourers are
comparatively high, because hired labourers are scarce.
This is known to be the case in France and Lombardy. In
our own country the highest rate prevails in Cumberland,
where the small proprietor, called the statesman, is not yet
extinct. And though there are many convoniences which
doubted that, esti-
modern commerce and manufactures have supplied to the
English peasant, it cannot, I fear, be
m inferiorted by the n
the money
command value
ovbeir the necessaries of life tos wages, his condition is
far
that of his ancestor in the fourteenth century,—Naemiaao
Araga#ne,