The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8,18 M.

world, the gates of hell are not to prevail. The
Vicar of Jesus Christ was head and supreme from
the commencement or dawn of Christianity. First of
all, during three hundred years by martyrdom, his Bpi-
' ritual empire, extending among men of all languages,
climes and countries, embraced within it the mightiest
power the world had ever then known, that of
the Pagan Empire of Rome, and afterwards of
Constantinople. After expatiating at some length
alternately upon the Spiritual Power and
upon the Temporal Power, and then upon
both of them together, as inexplicably bleat
during the last ten centuries, the Archbishop re-
ferred to what he called the mill- wheel of objections
revolving perpetually with such oppressive mono-
tony, and the iterated discharge from which he said
it was weary work to have, over and over again,
to meet. It was idle, he declared, to confuse
the Spiritual and Temporal authority as in any
way mutually dependent. For three hundred
years the spiritual authority existed alone—the first
three hundred years of the Christian dispensation,
those three centuries of martyrdom. And now,
even though the whole structure of Christendom
were to be dissolved, nay, were to lapse again into
Paganism—that Spiritual Power would still live on.
How could he designate those who imagined that
that spiritual authority was in itself in any way
dependent upon a strip of territory or upon a
heap of bricks and stone called a city. That
indestructible authority was before all temporal
possessions, and will be after them. The
Earthly authority added to the Spiritual, as raiment
is to man, was a mere temporal accident for the
unity of Christendom, which is thereby knit together
in one family of civilised nations under Pastoral
authority. That twofold authority, therefore, he
defined as transcending all other authorities upon
earth. All simply earthly authorities might be ab-
dicated by abuse—being, for example, ambitious,
aggressive, searching after conquests. He was
not enforcing here what was so often and so
contumeliously denounced as the Slavish Doc-
trine of Passive Obedience. He was asserting,
however, that all unlawful resistance to rightful
authority was a sin against God. Charges of this
kind could never be directed against the Pontiffs.
Obedience there, consequently, was in answer to
no slavish doctrine—no Pontiff ever having levied
aggressive wars, no Pontiff having ever made un-
just laws, or inflicted excessive and sanguinary pun-
ishments. Speaking of Pope Pius IX., he espe-
cially particularised his refined equity and peculiar
tenderness of heart, the attributes of a true Pastor.
Pius IX. might ask, he said, like Moses, " Whose
ox have I taken, &e:" Against him not one of his
acts justified the sin of rebellion. If the acts of
other powers could be weighed in the balance during
the last three centuries, how would they appear in
comparison? Dissolve the arch of Christendom, of
atstornikcieugout the keystone, and
fall into chaotic opposi-
tChhercishiti powerssocie wty,al y
b
opposi-
tion. Collision, persecution, despotism, arising the
one out of the other. Defining Revolution as a
natural reaction against despotism, and re-
marking that there are powers in the universe
beyond those of electricity or of gravitation—
the application of the principles deduced from which
latter powers resulted in so many of the vaunted
achievements of modern science—the Archbishop
concluded his discourse by calling upon his hearers
to look solely, and to pray solely, for the interposi-
tion of God during this vitally momentous epoch in
the history of the Temporal Power of the Pontiff—
for whose raiment, he_ said, they are now casting
lots ! Post tres dies resurgam, he added, in the
words of our Lord, and after that yet one other
utterance from the same divine lips, " Heaven and
earth shall pass away, but my word shall not pass

away."

SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS.

MANCHESTER, Saturday Evening.

With the close of the proceedings to-day the
Congress has accomplished the heavier portion of its
business. The inaugural address this morning was
by the Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P., president
of the -education' depairment. There was a very
large attendance, and the paper excited a good deal
of interest. The department in which the liveliest
discussion took place was that over which the right
hon. gentleman presides. There were voluntary
papers by the Rev. Canon Toole, on " Religion an
essential element in the school education of the poor;"
by the Rev. W. J. Kennedy, on " The conscience
clause ;" and the Rev. J. Oakley, on the "Religious
difficulty." This opened a very wide field of discus-
sion, and the subjects were taken up with great in-
terest. The section sat in the Crown Court, which
was nearly filled throughout. There was a large
number of ladies present. The dock in this court is
very spacious; and as it is one of the best places from
which to hear and see,' it was given up to the fair
sex. The section for the repression of crime continues
to form one of the chief attractions. It has been
filled throughout, and this meeting was so largely
attended that several could not obtain admission.
There were papers by Sir
Walter Crofton, C. 8.,
respecting " Female Convicts, and our efforts to
amend them ;" Miss M. C. Bennett, an interesting
statement of the " Working of the Carlisle Manorial
Refuge ;" Mr. C. Nicholl, on " Reformatory
Work ;" by the Rev. J. Fish, relating to the " Re-
formatory and Industrial School Acts ;" and an-
other from the Rev. A. K. WCallum, on the " Pri-
son Qualification for Admission into a Reforma-
tory." The subjects which were brought under no-
tice in the Health Department were chiefly relating
to localities, such as the high rate of mortality in
Liverpool, the recent epidmic of typhus in Aber-
deen, and one of more general application respect-
ing the attack of cholera in the east of London.
The latter was from Dr. Bain. There was but a
small number in the Nisi Prius Court, which
was devoted to the department of economy and
trade, although the topics set down on the paper
were of considerable social importance. The Rev

11. Solly read one upon Working Men's Clubs and
Institutes in their relation to the upper classes and to
national progress ; Mr. James Airlie advocated
recreative amusement as an agency in social reform ;
and one by Mr. henry Walker, which was a memo-
randum on the development of wholesale and retail
trade in the metropolis, and on the causes of the
early closing movement. The other sections had
papers brought before them relating to Jamaica
and its resources, on building societies, and burial
clubs, juvenile emigration and the credit system.
To-day a supplementary section was held, under the
chairmanship of Mr. Thomas Bazley, M.P. It was
for the purpose of hearing a paper by Major-General
Sir Arthur Cotton, and read by Major-General
Fredk. Cotton, upon " Famines in India, their
causes and remedies." It entered into the subject
at great length, and stated that famines should be
provided against, the same as war, and that full en-
couragement should be given to irrigation and navi-
gation. If proper measures were adapted famines in
India might be prevented. The works which Go-
vernment had undertaken had already produced
the most beneficial results ; but much more re-
mained to be accomplished.

LAW AND POLICE.—This Day.

SHERIFFS' COURT.

This morning an action was tried in the Sheriffs' Court
in which a passenger brought an action against the North
London Railway for breach of contract. Thee plaintiff
took a ticket at Kew, on the understanding that he was to go
by through train to Broad-street. Instead of doing so he
was taken as far as Camden, and there he.was compelled to
change carriages and wait a considerable time before he
could proceed. He ultimately took a cab to Broad-street,
and brought this action for the costs. The Commissioner
decided in favour of the plantiff.