The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-04 00:00:00

day in the Exeter Athenaeum, with a fervent
panegyric upon that time-honoured Palladium of
our liberties, Trial by Jury. Let these weighty
words be taken duly into popular consideration.
That they are not ill-timed Sir JOHN himself takes
occasion to intimate. Foi—" There were some," he
said, " who laboured to depreciate trial by jury, or,
as it was more correctly termed, trial by judge and
jury. He did not mean to say that this mode of
trial was perfect, or that it was appropriate in de-
ciding all matters of fact. He was far from saying
that it would not admit of some improvement ; but,
speaking from long experience and from much con-
sideration, in nothing was he more confident than
in thinking that to trial by jury they were much
indebted, as members of society, as citizens, in re-
spect to their property, their character, their safety
and their liberty, than to any other single institu-
tion in the country. He had been a judge for an
unusually long period, and he should ever regard
with admiration the manner in which juries dis-
charged their duties. Again and again he had
reason to marvel at their patience, and again and
again he had observed questions put by a jury
which had been omitted by counsel and judge, the
answer to which had thrown a light that had
guided them to the truth of the whole matter. As
it regarded the judge and society generally, the
institution of trial by jury was most important."
Again, he observed, in regard to trial by jury—
" They could not possibly overrate the blessing
which they possessed, yet it was so much a matter
of course that they were apt to think as little of it
as they did of the sun that shone upon them from
heaven. Such was human nature, and he should
not consider that he had spoken so long that even-
ing in vain, and they would not have listened so
patiently for nothing, if what had been said to
them should rouse them to a grateful sense of the
blessings they enjoyed, and to an earnest resolution
that as far as it was in their power they would
hand down this institution of trial by jury pure and
undiminished to their latest posterity." These are
words of solemn import; and they are words, of
course, that are all the more persuasive, falling as
they do from the lips of one who is as clear,
and sound, and temperate in judgment as he is
eminent and unsullied in reputation.

Prompt and regular postal communication is the
life of over-sea trade. To all, therefore, who are
really interested in the further growth and deve-
lopment of our Southern Colonies, it must be a
source of unmixed satisfaction to witness the great
and undoubted success which has crowned the
efforts of the Intercolonial Royal Mail Steam
Packet Company to connect the metropolis of Aus-
tralia by a mail service with Nelson, Wellington,
Canterbury, New Plymouth, Otago, and Auckland.
A scheme in itself most promising was happily
supported by men of zeal and ability, and it must
be a source of well-earned pride and satisfaction to
Mr. PEARSON, Mr. COLEMAN, and the other pro-
moters of this unlertaking that their labours have
been so early crowned with a brilliant success.
The Company was only formed a year since, and
at present their fleet consists of four screw steamers,
with an aggregate of 2,885 tons. These vessels
have made eight voyages since last November, and
the returns upon each have shown a steady and
marked increase. A dividend, in course of pay-
ment, of 71 per cent. to the shareholders, is the
pleasing result of this auspicious commencement.
The present subsidy of the Company is £30,000
a year, but to perfect a system of intercolonial
communication, which shall include Tasmania and
Western Australia, will demand an increased sub-
sidy and extended capital. Our chief object in
now recording this remarkable instance of
well-directed British enterprise, is to call
the attention of the members of Parliament who
sat upon the committee upon ocean contracts, and
of all who are interested in the consideration of
our oversea postal arrangements, to the position of
a company which already holds the key of so im-
portant a portion of our intercolonial service. We
hope, in any recommendations which may be laid
before Government, full justice will be done to the
facilities for wider intercourse between our southern
colonies which this company presents, and that
every encouragement will be given to this spirited
effort to develope the inexhaustible resources, and
foster the expanding trade and commerce of those
young and vigorous dependencies.

Viscount and Viscountess Sydney have returned
to London from visiting the Right Hon. Sidney and Mrs.
Herbert at Wilton House, and Viscount an 1 Tiscountess
Palmerston at Broadlands.

Count D. Bibbekoff has left Farrance's Hotel,
Belgravia, for Paris.

Lady Loftus Otway has left Grosvenor-square
for the Oatlands Hotel, Walton.

Mr. Henry B. Baring, M.P., and Mrs. Baring
have arrived at Farrance's Hotel, from Paris.

The officers of the Royal Navy who have taken
a rart in Polar expeditions entertain Captain APClintock
to-morrow evening, at a dinner at the Thatched House
Tavern.

THE LATE EXPLOSION IN BIRMINGIIA3I.—Four-
teen of those who perished by the sad occurrence were
buried in St. Mary's churchyard on Sunday afternoon;
from thirty to forty thousand persons are said to have been
present.

THE EXPLOSION OF A STEAM-ENGINE AT LEWES.
—The jury after a number of sittings to inquire into the
deaths of the unfortunate persons killed by the explosion of
an agricultural machine at Lewis, have returned the follow-
ing verdict :—" That the deaths were occasioned by the ex-
plosion of a steam-engine boiler, caused by the non-action
of a safety valve ; and that the said engine, from subsequent
examination, has been found to be of inferior quality and
construction, and not properly prepared and examined be-
fore it was used. The jury feel it their duty to recommend
that every portable steam engine should have an indicating
pressure gauge ; and that the present system of employing
unskilled persons as engineers requires that all persons so
employed should be properly examined and certificated ;
and that a periodical inspection of such engines should be
made by competent persons."

THE AFFAIR AT THE PEITIO--The following is
an extract from a letter dated Foochow, Aug. 6 :—" The
Peiho affair is likely to be a far more serious one than has
ever yet occupied the attention of England in her relations
with China—th• mere fact of the opposition at Peiho
being founded upon a direct order from Pekin and the Em-
peror will make it so. Hitherto our quarrels have origi-
nated with some mandarin or other official, against whore
we have first taken measures and then demanded repara-
tion from the Government; but in this instance it is the
act of the Government itself, and it is the strongly ex-
pressed opinion here that the Chinese should be made to
know and feel that a ratified treaty cannot be broken with
impunity. The Chinese Government also seem to compre-
hend this, as they are proceeding in the matter with energy,
and callin; upon the patriotic spirit of the natives, who, to
do them justice, seem to respond to it nobly. Thus the
Governor of Hopeh has sent 20 brass guns and 80 iron ones
for the defence of the Peiho. The Salt Commissioner has
given 8,000 taels of silver (about £2,500 sterling), and many
other nobles have given 4,000 taels (about £1,750 sterling),
towards the fund. The subscription raised in Foochow is
now leaving for the north with 25,000,000 strings of cash,
and thousands of dollars ; so we may expect that the Go-
vernment is about to put forth its whole strength. At pre-
sent we are quite sde in Foochow, and at the first appear-
ance of danger shall move down to Nantai. The policy o
China is certainly peculiar which makes war with the allief
in one place, and yet continues trading with them i s
others."

SHOCKING MURDER IN LIVERPOOL—A fearful
caso of murder occurred in Liverpool on Sunday night, in
which the unhappy victim was the husband of the woman
who dealt the death blow. It appears from what can at
present be gleaned of the circumstances connected with the
case that both the parties, Alexander Trotter and Susan
Trotter, residing at 17, Shawhill-street, had been drinking
together until about " closing time" (11 o'clock) on Sunday
night, when they were observed to proceed towards their
own residence, down Preston-street. On entering the house
everything appeared quiet, until the husband was observed
standing in the door, with his coat and waistcoat
off, and talking loud and rapidly to his wife, who
was inside. Shortly afterwards the woman ran out into the
street, when she was immediately followed by her husband,
whehand.saiaThbee wwoomnladu-ktielltthecart,
retreated
few steps,
aanknife
drawingme as
knife from under her clothes, sawhoeitnmdadte a rush at her hus•
band, and inflicted a severe'
chest. The man cried out that he wasnsttateeria cavity
Yd
he thse
at once conveyed to the Northern Hospital, althoughbUtnwas
every remedy was used, he gradually sank, and died f
hours after his admission into the hospital. The woman
was was apprehended, and yesterday she was brought beforean
the stipendiary magistrate, and remanded until Wednes-
day, in order that a post-mertem examination might be
made of the deceased.

MUSIC.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.

The second English opera season at this theatre,
under the management of Miss Louisa Pyne and
Mr. Harrison, began last evening. They have be-
gun well, and so, we trust, they will continue, for
assuredly they deserve well of the public. By their
management, at once liberal, spirited, and judi-
cious, ever since " the Pyne and Harrison company"
was formed, they have given our own national
opera that which for many years it had entirely
lost—a local habitation and a name. English now
divides with Italian opera the occupation of the
greatest and most magnificent theatre of our metro-
polis, and has, moreouer, a full share of public ap-
probation and patronage.
It is significant of the position which English
opera, thanks to Miss Pyne and Mr. Harrison, now
holds, that the Queen has announced her intention
of patronising the establishment, and has com-
manded the Royal Box to be reserved for her Ma-
jesty's use during the season ; and the state of the
subscription, we understand, is sufficient to ensure
success.

Since the lessees began their labours in their ori-
ginal domicile, their constant prosperity has had
the effect which prosperity ought to have ; by in-

creasing their means it has enabled them to extend
their establishment to a scale in every respect
worthy of a great national theatre, while
success has quickened instead of relaxing
their exertions. The company is larger and
more efficient than it ever was before; the orches-
tra is such as no English theatre ever before pos-
sessed; and, for the production of every piece with
due completeness and splendour, they command all
the means and resources of the great theatre where
they are located. In Mr. Alfred Mellon they have
a musical director of the highest order; and the
appointment of Mr. Edward Murray as acting ma-
nager is a guarantee for the manner in which the
business of the stage will be conducted. Of the
qualities and attainments of the different per-
formers we shall have occason to speak in connexion
with their appearances ; but there is one whose
name is not on the list of the present company, and
whose absence we sincerely regret—Miss Susan
Pync, who has hitherto held the place of seconder
donna to the great satisfaction of the public.
Pleasing and ladylike in appearance and manners,
a sprightly and intelligent actress, with a good if
not a powerful voice, and the acquirements of a
well-educated musician, she has been a valuable
member of the company, and her retirement from
it will probably be felt.
The house has undergone some alterations. The
grand tier of boxes has been converted into a
" dress circle" of open boxes ; and the stalls, in-
stead of engrossing nearly the whole of the pit, are
now limited to the three front rows adjoining the
orchestra. These changes give the house the look
of an English theatre ; and the dress circle, filled
with company, gives a much more gay and lively
aspect to the house than a tier of private boxes.
The opera was " Dinorah," the announcement of
which drew one of the fullest houses we have ever
seen. The work is adapted to the English stage
from the original French, the libretto being written
by Mr. Chorley. The dialogue, except in
the airs and concerted pieces, is spoken without
recitative, very much to the advantage of the dra-
matic effect, The action moved with much more
rapidity and spirit than it did in the Italian version
produced on the same boards, when it was neces-
sary, in compliance with the conventional exigen-
cies of the Italian stage, to clothe the whole dialogue
in music. Mr. Chorley has performed his task with
ability. His dialogue is neat and lively, and the
difficulties of adapting to the music words in a dif-
ferent language from those to which it was origi-
nally composed have been surmounted with skill
and felicity. The opera is now too well known to
the musical public to require any account of its
plot or detailed criticism of its merits. Its character
is fully established by the voice of all Europe as one
of its illustrious author's happiest efforts, having a
greater affinity to the "Etoile du Nord" than to
any of his other productions, but even excelling that
work in originality of style, in novelty of ideas, in
the charm of its melodies, and the richness and
picturesque variety of its harmony and instrumen-
tation. Though much of this music is as profound
as any that Meyerbeer has written, it is singularly
free from all smell of the lamp. Simplicity, indeed,
is its most remarkable characteristic ; it is full of
rural freshness; and it flows as freely as if it had
come into the composer's mind without the slightest
effort of thought or labour. The drama is faulty in
various respects, especially in the character of the
hero, who is an unworthy personage, and excites aver-
sion rather than interest; but the heroine, the poor
crazy country girl,is a charming creation,an d engages
our warmest sympathies. And the piece, taken
altogether, though somewhat incoherent and ob-
scure, has afforded ample scope for the genius of
the musicians.

Miss Louisa Pyne's Dinorah was a perfect per-
formance. In her personation of the character, as
well as her execution of the music, she was cer-
tainly equal, if not even superior, either to Cabel
or Carvalho. She acted with charming simplicity
and pathos, and it seemed as if the music had been
written expressly for her, such was the ease, grace,
and finish with which she sang the wildest and
most arduous passages. The famous "shadow song"
was a blaze of brilliancy ; the audience listened in
wonder and delight, and expressed their feelings by
repeated peals of applause. Her performance, in-
deed, was a triumph feom beginning to end. The
part of Corentin, the buffo of the piece, being for a
tenor voice, was necessarily performed by Mr. Har-
rison, who did it great justice, exhibiting the gro-
tesque terrors of the clown with considerable
humour, and singing with his usual ability and
effect. The character of Hoel was assigned to Mr.
Santley. It is an ungrateful part, and afforded no
means of judging of his powers as an actor. But
he sang admirably, and the pathetic romance in the
third act was one of the gems of the even*. A
remarkable triumph was achieved by a young de-
butante hitherto unknown to the public, even by
name—Miss Pining, who performed the little part of
the second goatherd. She sang the canzonet at the
beginning of the second act with such a lovely con-
tralto voice, such purity, simplicity, and grace,
that the audience not only encored the air with a -
clamations, but, at the end of the opera, when the
performers were called for, there was a loud and
general call for her, which was continued till she at
length came forward. This young lady, who is said
to be a pupil of Mrs. Wood, is evidently quite un-
practised on the stage ; but, with her rare musical
gifts, she cannot fail to achieve success. The other
parts were performed by Miss Thirlwall (another
promising debutante), Mr. Corri, and Mr. St.
Albyn ; the whole caste being complete and satis-
factory.

After the opera " God save the Queen" was sung
by the whole strength of the company with extra-
ordinary power and effect ; and a short divertisse-
ment terminated the entertainments of the evening.

HAYMAMET THEATRE.—The popular comedian,
Mr. Walter Lacy, will take his benefit on Wednesday (to-
morrow), when he will play Benedict in " Much Ado about
Nothing" to the Beatrice of Miss Reynolds.
PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—Since our notice of the
re opening of this house the new piece, "Ivy IIall," has
been considerably curtailed, and now plays more evenly
than on its first production. Planche's burlesque, " Love
and Fortune," has proved a decided success; Miss Louise
Keeley as Love and Miss Carlotta Leclerq as Fortune have
good opportunities for the display of their wonderful talent,
and the scene of the " Gardens of Cassandre," by Beverley,
does credit to'his well won reputation.
MR. ROEBUCK AT MILFORD HAVEN.--Mr.
buck attended an entertainment given by Mr. Lever on
board the Queen of the South, at the Neyland terminus of
the South Wales Railway, Milford Haven, on Saturday.
On this occasion the Queen of the South, the first of the
new line of steamers to run between Milford Haven, Lis-
bon, Brazil, S:c., to sail under the Portuguese flag, re-
ceived her new name—The Milford Haven, The ceremony
was performed by Miss Roebuck. under a salvo of cannons,
after which a large party of the elite of the neighbourhood
sat down to a spindid entertainment in the beautiful and
capacious saloon of the vessel. Mr. Roebuck was chair-
man, and Mr. Lever vicc,ehail-num. The speeches were
wholly of a mercantile description.
FRIGHTFUL DEATIL—On Saturday Mr. John
Epps, the engineer, of the Old Kent-road, was superin-
tending the sinking of a well in Skinner-street, when by
some mischance he fell down the aperture, a depth of 70
feet, having an iron crowbar in his hand. He fell on the
pointed end, which entered his abdomen, and on being got
out he was quite dead.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, OCT. 4.

It is asserted that the Austrian Government has
consented to reduce the debt of Lombardy, to be
borne by Piedmont, from 400 millions to little more
than half this sum.

General Changarnier has returned to Paris from

Belgium.

Marshal Canrobert and Marshal the Duke of
Magenta have quitted Paris for Nancy and Lille,
to resume the command of these military districts.

ZURICH, OCT. 3.

The six Plenipotentiaries were present to-day at
a Conference, at which the articles of the treaty of

peace were read over.
Count Colloredo is expecting to receive replies
from his Government to the despatches he sent off
last Saturday.

PARIS, OCT. 3.

Lord Cowley left yesterday for Biarritz, it is
asserted in order to arrange with Count Walewski
for the joint expedition to China.
The Patric of this evening maintains that the
treaty of peace will be signed within a very few
days at Zurich. The treaty will confirm the ces-
sion of Lombardy, and will contain a settlement of
the Lombard debt. There will be three instruments
of peace—one between France and Austria, another
between France and Sardinia, and a third between
the three Powers named. A congress will be ac-
cepted for the settlement of the Central Italy. ques-
tion.

MARSEILLES, OCT. 3.

The King of the Belgians left this morning; he
will pass the night at Valence, and from there pro-
ceed to Switzerland.

News from Rome states that the garrison o.
Ancona has been reinforced.

Advices from Algiers state that the departure of
troops for Oran continues, One column assembled
at Sebdon under General Derrien vvill operate on
the south.

The Moorish troops on the frontiers are expect.
ing reinforcements of black cavalry.
Them is some agitation among the tribes, esp. e.
cially at Riaret, but the assemblage of troops pre•
vents any suspected outbreak.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MON DAY.

We regret to announce the sudden death of the
Hon. J. Y. Mason, the American Minister in Paris,
which took place this morning at nine o'clock, from
an attack of apoplexy, with which he had been
seized during the night.
A Paris letter, in the Nord of Brussels, says :
—" A Belgian journal has pretended that the
Princess Clotilda was likely to be called to the
throne of Etruria, and that Prince Napoleon would
stand in the position of Prince Consort. Putting
aside altogether the denial given by the Emperor
Napoleon to such reports, it is astonishing that
any journalist can imagine such an absurdity.
When the passage detailing this fine project was
mentioned to the Princess Clotilda, she expressed
her wonder that any French writer could be so
little acquainted with the laws of France as not
to know that they did not admit for a husband,
even if he had the rank and title of a Prince, such
a condition of relative inferiority. In fact, the
principle of the sallic law prevails throughout all
the French legislation, and the Princess Clotilda,
when she became the wife of Prince Napoleon,
became French, consequently she could not occupy
a position which that legislation does not allow
woman to assume."

BOURSE, Oct. 3.—The market has been heavy.
Threes, after having been done at 69f. 60e., de-
clined to 69f. 25e., and are now at 69f. 35c. Mo-
biller varied from 916 f. 25c. to 907 f. 50e. ; Aus-
trian, 550 f. to 542 f. 50e. ; Lombard, 553 f. 75c. to
551 f. 25c ; Orleans, 1,407 f. 50c. to 1,400 f. ; Lyons,
910 f. to 900 f. ; Southern, 524 f. to 515 f. The fol-
lowing were the last quotations :

44 per, Cents. 95 50
Do. end month
3 per Cents 69 30
Do. end month 69 50
Bank Shares 2825
Credit Mobilier
Do. Account

Credit Foneier.. —
Belgian 41 —
Piedmontese (5)
Roman B6
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt 44 50

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans -
Northern 935 .. 936 25
New ditto B2O .. 825
Lyons and Mediterranean 902 50 .. 905
Geneva 537 50 .. 535
Southern
Western 5BB 75 .. 595
Eastern
Sardinian 415 .. 415
Austrian . 550 .. 550
Lombard .....
Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 13c. ; money,
25f lle.; three months, paper, 24f. 98c.; money, 24f. 931 c.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, OCT. 1.

The subjoined letters, which reached this city
yesterday, will be found to contain political infor-
mation of unusual in' erest

" Rimini, Sept. 26,

" The concentration on the Papal frontiers of the revo-
lutionary forces in the Romagna is assuming a menacing
character. The troops in the Papal camp at Pesaro aro not
without apprehensions, as there is a report in circulation
that Garibaldi intends to assume the offensive, and possibly
to make a sudden attack on the fortress of Ancona. During
the last few days five battalions of Tuscan troops have ar-
rived here, so that the force which the revolutionary Go-
vernment has at its disposal consists of above 10,000 troops
of the line, one battalion of Chasseurs of the Alps, four troops
of cavalry, and 18 well-mounted guns. The corps franclA
(free troops) under General Rosetti, which are stationed at
St. Arcangelo, may consist of about 2,500 men.
" Garibaldi has hired six small vessels (trabaccoli) by
the month, and purchased one. This last is to be armed ;
the others will, if necessary, be used for transporting
troops, ammunition, &c. Garibaldi, who has again sud-
denly quitted Rimini, is said to have gone to the north of
the Romagna.
" As a consequence of the above-mentioned rumour rela-
tive to Ancona, reinforcements are to be sent there. In
fast, the Ist batallion of the Ist Swiss regiment is now
marching from Perugia to Ancona. The 2d native (Roman)
regiment, composed of 1,000 men, two companies of artil-
lery, and the local gensdarmerie from the garrison of this
place.

" P.S. Credible intelligence has just been received that
the danger of an immediate attack on the part of the revo-
lutionary army is no longer imminent. Yesterday afternoon
the pickets, which had been pushed forward to a consi-
derable distance, fell back on Rimini, and even the position
occupied by the artillery at Cattolica has been given up.
This sudden change of plan—which is attributed to higher
orders—has greatly depressed the leaders of the revolu-
tionary party; and it probably led to the sudden departure
of Garibaldi.

" Anemia, Sept. 215.
" Authentic advices have been received that the revolu-

tionary force at Rimini is continually reinforced by troops
from Tuscany and Modena. The battalion of Bersaglie
delle Alpi,' which was dissolved in Piedmont, is being re-
formed in the Legations, and an incomplete battalion has
already joined the corps at Rimini. The pickets on the
Papal frontiers, at Cattolica, have been reinforced, and
some earthworks for artillery have been constructed. The
military preparations at Rimini, which are under the direc-

tion of the adventurous Garibaldi, lead the Papal troops at
Pesaro to fancy that an attack is likely to be made on them,
and to fear that General von K►albermatten, whose force is
very inferior, will not be able to offer an effectual resistance.

" Garibaldi is busily employed in inspecting the troops,
and in improving their position on the Papal frontier. On
the 23d of September Garibaldi was still at Rimini, and a
day or two before he harangued the people from a balcony,
and told them that the dominion and tyranny of the spi-
ritual Power had ceased for ever.' At the conclusion of his
speech he called on his hearers to rise as one man, and to
take up arms in order that the separation from Rome might
be durable.

" Some of the inhabitants of Bologna display an inclina-
tion to make the Marchese Pepoli Dictator of the Romagna,
but at present they have no great chance of success."
In open violation of one of the conditions of the
peaee concluded at Villafranca, the Sardinian Go-
vernment levies taxes and recruits in some parts of