The Sun.
London, England, 1866-12-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOINI ON, MONDAY EV ENING, DECEiVIBI4IR 17, 1866.

the Radicals, and of a wholesale change on the part
,of the :PRESIDENT. More particularly have such

reports been current since the result of
the elections has become manifest, and much
curiosity has been felt and expressed as to
the tone of the forthcoming Message. Now we
hare it, it will astonish some, disappoint others, and
satisfy those who always believed that Mr. JOIIN-
SO S.s policy was based on conviction, and that he
was not the man to aband,n it for intrigues or
intimidation.

The subjects which he deals with are momentous
in their character. He takes in succession the
Alabama claims, the Fenian trials, the condition of
Mexico, and, finally, the reconstruction of the
Southern States. Respecting the Alabama claims, he
takes of course the American view of the question, and
regrets that " no considerable advance has been made
to wards an adjustment of the matter, and declares
that no good Will and friendship can exist between the
two nations until a reciprocity in the practice of
good faith and neutrality shall be restored between
them." Certainly this may be read both ways, for
the Americans themselves have not a little to learn,
considering their conduct towards the Fenians.
As for those gentlemen, Mr. JOHNSON reminds
Congress that citizens were warned against taking
part in unlawful proceedings, but that, nevertheless,
some of their citizens were said to be engaged in the
raid into Canada, and were captured in conse-
quence. He recapitulates the steps taken by the
American Government to obtain their release and to
protect their interests, and he hopes that they will
be made the recipients of " a judicious amnesty."
The disturbed condition of Ireland ought, he thinks,
to modify the opinion which the Americans might
otherwise entertain in regard to an expedition ex-
pressly forbidden by their neutrality laws, which, so
long as they remain upon the statute book, ought
to be faithfully observed. It is plain that upon the
topic of Fenianism, at all events, Mr. JOHNSON is not
disposed to quarrel with the Radicals. Perhaps he
knows that in this matter they represent the feelings
of the majority. He softens down affairs as much
as possible ; and even with regard to the neutrality
laws he only says they ought to be observed so long
as they exist, plainly hinting at their possible re-
moval from the statute book.

Coming to Mexico, he says that repeated assur-
ances of the evacuation of the country by the
French expeditionary forces next have been made
by their Government, and that with that evacua-
tion no cause for serious difference between France
and the United States would remain. Being deeply
interested in the cause of liberty and humanity, it
seemed, he adds, an obvious duty to the American
Government to exercise whatever influence they
possessed for " the restoration and permanent esta-
blishment in that country of a domestic and Repub-
lican form of government." It will be no very easy
task to secure a " permanent" government for
Mexico unless a very remarkable change takes
place in the population of the country.
Of his reconstruction policy the PRESIDENT
speaks plainly. " Upon this question, so vitally
affecting the restoration of the Union and the per-
manency of our present form of Government, my
convictions heretofore expressed have undergone no
change, but, on the contrary, their correctness has
been confirmed by reflection and time." If it was
wise and expedient, he adds, to admit loyal mem-
bers to seats in Congress a year ago, it is no less
wise and expedient now. No measure is more im-
peratively demanded by every consideration of
" national interest, sound policy, and equal justice"
than the admission of loyal members from
those States which are now unrepresented.
In concluding his Message, he says, truly enough,
that the American Government is now undergoing
its most trying ordeal, and that the interests of the
nation will be best promoted by " the complete
obliteration of past differences, and the reinaugura-
tion of all the pursuits of peace."
The truths thus spoken appear to impartial ob-
servers indisputable, but, so far from satisfying or
calming the Radicals, they seem only to have irri-
tated them to still further excesses. Many persons
in this country blame Mr. JOHNSON for refusing
to be taught by experience, or to accommodate
himself to the temper of his time. Such
phrases sound plausible enough ; but if we come to
test them practically what can they mean but that
the head of a great nation is to act against his con-
victions and join one party in the State to oppress
another party, simply for his own ends. Whatever
the personal cost to Mr. JOHNSON himself, what-
ever the ultimate triumph or failure of the Southern
cause, it is well that in this great crisis of the national
history there should be one man bold enough and in-
dependent enough to raise his voice in protest against
those two great dangers of republics—the tyranny
of the many and the dissensions of parties. To
these causes almost every successive Republic, from
the rivalries of Athens and Sparta to the reign of
Robespierre and the 18th Brumaire, have in turn
succumbed. Looking back over the history of the
Old World and forward to the future of the New,
no wonder Mr. JOHNSON should raise his warning
voice and declare that the treatment of the South
vitally affects the permanency of the American form
of Government. One of his New York commen-
tators flippantly remarks that his reference
to the great issue of Southern reconstruction
" reads like a chapter from the world before the
deluge." The simile may not be au unapt one, for
there is too much reason to fear that the Radical
party are ready to bring another deluge upon their
country. Unheeding any warnings, even the practical
caution of the Secretary to the Treasury, that, to
improve and consolidate the national finances, they
must rehabilitate the South, they are pushing furi-
ously on. They are apparently aiming at nothing
less than the complete subversion of the American
Constitution, and the conversion of the PRESIDENT
into a mere lay figure. Congress has passed a bill
withdrawing the pardoning power of the PRESIDENT
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the mode of proceeding to be adopted for trial and
impeachment before the Senate. They have re-
moved from the Chairmanship of Committees three
members who supported the policy of the PRESI-
DENT, and at a Republican caucus it was resolved
to recommend the Senate to reject the PRESIDENT'S
appointments. Further, we learn by the Atlantic
Telegraph that Congress has granted the suffrage to
the negroes of the district of Columbia ; so that
they have commenced the session pretty vigorously,
and have, moreover, adopted a plan to provide the
Southern States with territorial governments. As
yet they have it all their own way, but no rational
man, whatever his opinions of their proceedings,
can believe that they will go unchecked. Is
America, then, to be again plunged into the chaos
and desolation of a civil war ? Are parties to be
ranked against parties until the arbitrament of the
sword has to decide ? Are trade and commerce and
all the arts of peace and progress to be sacrificed
in order to retain for a few men a power which no
free constitution in the world allows ? Here are
problems to be solved by the forthcoming year, and
all wise and patriotic Americans must address
themselves to their speedy solution.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FRO3I OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Sunday Evening.

The bulletin of the Moniteur soys:—
" A telegraphic despatch brings the news that the
ratifications of the Convention concluded at Paris
on the 7th of December between the Government
of the Emperor and the Italian Government, for
the regulation of the debt affecting the ancient States
of the Church, were exchanged yesterday at
Florence.

" The new Custom House line bctwet-m Italy and
Austria was opened on the Ist of November last,
and all the measures relative to the treaties of c
ni-
merce with foreign nations were extended to the
Venetian provinces.
" On its part the French Custom House Ad-
ministrator sent to its agents the necessary instruc-
tions that the stipulations of the treaty concluded
on the 17th of January, 1863, between France and
Italy, should be applied to the products imported
from France into Venetia.

" The Plenipotentiaries of the States of the Con-
federation of Northern Germany will assemble to-
morrow (Monday) at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Berlin, to consider the project of the
Constitution for the Confederation.
" The last news from the Pacific Ocean an-
nounces that General Prado has been elected Pre-
sident of the Republic of Peru."
The Moniteur _Beige states that the cattle plague
is on the increase in Holland, and recommends the
authorities of the Belgian provinces, which join
those of the Netherlands, to conform strictly to the
orders and instructions furnished by the Govern-
ment in the interest of general safety.
The Siecle, from private letters and Mexican
papers, gives an analysis of the state of affairs in
Mexico, front which it draws this inference :
" The solution of the difficulty cannot fail to
take place without delay. In the absolute impor-
tance of prolonging his reign after the departure of
our soldiers Maximilian will abdicate. In the
meantime the circle with which the disaffected
surround the provinces, occupied by the Impe-
rialists, becomes more and more narrow. Every
province they evacuate is immediately occupied by
Juarist soldiers."

M. Tonello, who is now at Rome on a mission to
the Pope, is a man of note and eminence. He is
known as a liberal patriot, a good orator, and a
skilful diplomatist. He has already been engaged
in several negotiations connected with the Roman
question. Under the Siccardi Ministry he was em-
ployed to explain and develope the intentions and
views of the National Italian Government, and it
was acknowledged that he fulfilled the task with
great fidelity to the Government and the proper re-
spect due to the sacred character of the Head of the
Catholic Church. His Holiness is said to entertain
a very favourable impression in regard to M.Tonello,
a fact which affords good ground for the belief that
his present mission will be attended with a suc-
cessful result.

The violent south easterly wind still prevails, and
has done much damage. The rain last night was
tremendous, and there has been heavy rain to-day.
Pursuant to announcement the interesting and
pious ceremony of the reception and inhumation of
the remains of Cardinal Richelieu took place yes-
terday, at the Church of the Sorbonne, in the pre-
sence of the Minister of Instruction, M. Duruy, the
Archbishop of Paris, and many illustrious individuals
and high functionaries. I have already mentioned
some interesting facts connected with the profana-
tion of the remains of the Cardinal. When he died
in 1642 he was interred in the Church of the Sor-
bonne. During the Revolution of 1793 the tombs
were pillaged. The mortal remains of the Cardinal
disappeared. His head was separated from the
body, and the head cut into two pieces. The re-
mains were, however, preserved, and, as was the
case with the heart of Voltaire a few years ago,
was placed at the disposal of the Minister of
Public Instruction, who accepted the relic after
its authenticity had been proved. The upper
part of the Church, devoted to the choir, was
hung with black drapery and velvet, and so was
the chapel, in the centre of which is the tomb
of the Cardinal. The remains of the illustrious
Cardinal were presented at the entrance of the
church by the Minister of Public Instruction, and
received by the Bishop of Sura and the Vice-Rec-
tor of- the Academy. All the great bodies of the
State and public functionaries were either present
or were duly represented. During the inhumation
expiatory and funeral hymns were chaunted.
There was then a musical mass for the opening of
the Courses of the Faculty of Medicine. The Abbe
A. Perraud, Professor at the Faculty of Theology,
made an impressive funeral oration over the re-
mains. To say much of a man like Richelieu would
be supererogation, but I add a few words about
him which cannot fail to interest. He was born at
Paris on the sth of September, 1585, and he died in
1642. Not only was he priest and soldier by turns,
but he also bore the title of Admiral. His esta-
meet Politique in manuscript is preserved in the
library of the Sorbonne. The estate of Richelieu
was erected into a Duchy in 1600. He was
Duke of Frousac, Governor of Brittany, Admiral
of France, Abbe General of Cluny, of Citeaux, and
Premontre. He could mount his horse upon land ;
and he dragged Cinq Mars, who had conspired
against him, along the Rhone from Tarasco to
Lyons in a boat towed by the boat which carried
him in his last illness. Richelieu assisted in the
capture of Savoy. One day during the war he paid
a visit to the Duke d'Epernon. The Cardinal's
page found the Duke at prayers. " Tell your
master," said Epernon, in devotion, " that I am
doing his work here while he is doing mine yonder."
M. Jay, a member of the Academy founded by the
Cardinal, in speaking of Richelieu before that body,
said " that no Minister had ever been the object of
greater eulogium or more accusations." This is the
fate of all men who live in times agitated by pas-
sions. Posterity reproaches Richelieu with having
too often practised personal vengeance, under the
pretext of serving the interests of the State. While
the Emperor was at Biarritz the head of Cardinal
Richelieu was sent to him for inspection.
A widow lady, Madame Paillaud, has just died at
Bergerac, in the Dordogne, aged 105. Her son,
M. Pillaud, curate of Beaumont du Perigord, 80
years old, was chief mourner at the funeral.
The Countess d'Ambrugeac is also dead. She
was 82. She was the daughter of Count de Mar-
beuf, who was Governor of Corsica under Louis XV.
and Louis XVI.

Another factory has been nearly destroyed by fire
—the lace factory of ➢T. Champoniller at Calais.
50 looms were destroyed. The damage is estimated
at more than a million of francs.
The Scientific Association of France will hold its
next meeting at the Observatory on Tuesday even-
ing next.

The Pere Felix is appointed to deliver the Advent
sermons at Amiens Cathedral.

GARIBALDI AND EARL RUSSELL.—The Movi-
niento publishes the following letter from General Gari-
baldi :—" To the Italians.—Lord John Russell is coming
to visit Italy. I wish to make known to my compatriots
that the illustrious statesman in 1860 threw into the scale
of our country's destiny the powerful voice of England
against those who wished to intervene and to isolate in
Sicily the movement for emancipation. Thanks to this
generous idea the deliverance of the Neapolitan continent
was facilitated, and the union of the Italian family, now so
happily accomplished, became pcssible. To this noble
person, then, the well-merited expression of our gratitude.
—G. GAIIIBALDI. Caprera, Dec. 4, 1866."
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LATEST INTELLIGENCE

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE PAPACY.

BERLIN, Saturday.

The Washington Government invites the Pope to
America, where he would be more independent than
in Europe.

One American frigate is a.tCivita, Vecchia, another
is expected.
Maximilian is a prisoner.

THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL SURATT.
VALETTA, Dec. 16, 2.10 p.m.

An American sloop of war has arrived here,
bound to Alexandria, to receive the supposed cul-
prit Suratt. The reason why that person was not
arrested at Malta was the total absence of evi-
dence.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, DEC. 17.

The King of Prussia went yesterday to Gross-
beeren, a station on the line of railway between
Berlin and Dresden, where a most cordial meeting
took place between his Majesty and the King of
Saxony. At the Berlin terminus the King of Saxony
was received by the Royal Princess, Count Bismarck,
the principal functionaries, and M. Benedetti. The
guard of honour to the King was taken from the
Alexander Regiment. The military bands played
the Saxon Hymn.

The President of the Council and the Minister
of War have sent their reply to the Hanoverian
officers who have applied to the Prussian Govern-
ment to assure their future position. The Ministers
state in their reply that the King, in his indulgence,
will consider their position, and inform them that
the Governor-General of Hanover will communi-
cate further with them, in conformity with the in-
structions he has already received.

THE BRAZILS.
(By Telegraph from Lisbon.)

RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 26.

Exchange on London, 24 to 24i ; on Paris,
382 to 395. Coffee, 6,200 reis. Total shipment
since the departure of the last mail 108,419 bags, of
which 10,437 were for the Channel, 16,983 for the
north of Europe, 11,597 for the Mediterranean,
and 2,600 for the Baltic. Sales, 96,750 bales.
Stock, 85,000 bags. Freights, 40s. to 545.
The Messageries Imperiales steamship Guienne
arrived at Bahia on the 6th December. The Royal
Mail Co.'s steamship Douro was spoken between
Pernambuco and Bahia on the 29th November.

FRANCE.

MARSEILLES, Dec. 16.

The Messageries Imperiales steamer, Moeris,
arrived here yesterday morning, at 3 o'clock, with
the Mauritius and Reunion mails.
BOURSE, Dec. 13, Three o'clock.—The market
closed as follows

li per Cents 97 60
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 69 75
Do. end month 69 70
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month
Credit Foncier —
Do. end month 1380

Bank Shares 3625
Italian Loan 57
Do. end month 56 80
Mexican Loan
Do. Bonds
Spanish Throes
Home Debt
Deferred

'AYB.

For Account.
Orleans
Northern ll9l 25
Lyons and Mediterranean 896 25
Southern 582 50
Western
Eastern
Sardinian .
Austrian
Lombard..
North of Spain —
Sara,gosEa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman.

532 50

- -
405 -
388 75

70 -

ITALY AND THE POPE.

PARIS, Dee. 12 (Evening).

The evening Monitear publishes the following re-
marks upon the question of the Pope and Italy :
" Two important facts have occurred—the sig-
nature of the convention for the partition of the
Pontifical debt, and the mission entrusted to Signor
Tonello, of a character to strengthen the favourable
dispositions of the Court of Rome. It is known
that by Art. 4 of the Convention of the 15th Sep-
tember Italy had declared herself ' ready to enter
into an arrangement to take under her charge a
proportionate part of the debt of the former
States of the Church.' This stipulation was in-
tended to put an end to a state of things as con-
trary to equity as to the interests of the Pontifical
Treasury. In fact, while the Italian Government
received the revenues of the Romagna, the
Marches, and Umbria, the Roman Government
continued to pay the portion of the debt incumbent
upon those provinces. It was requisite to put a stop
to this anomaly, while guarding the dignity of the
Holy Father, and not asking him to abandon his
former protezts and reserves. The negotiation en-
tered into upon this subject between France and
Italy, who have treated upon the question directly,
has arrived at a fortunate issue. The convention
for the partition of the debt between the Court of
Florence and the Holy See was signed at Paris
upon the 7th inst. by M. Faugere and Signor Man-
cardi, the two French and Italian plenipotentiaries.
The basis upon which the partition has been made
is the total number of the population of the
former States of the Church. The portion of the
debt incumbent on Italy will be transferred to the
great book of the Italian public debt. The
Court of Rome, while not departing from
or sacrificing any of its principles, will in a few
days be in a position, thanks to the persever-
ing efforts of the French policy, to reap the benefit
of one of the most advantageous clauses of the Con-
vention of the 15th September. At the very time
when the financial question is thus being settled in
the most satisfactory manner, negotiation relative
to the religious difficulties is about to be resumed
at Rome. It will be remembered that in March
last year the Sovereign Pontiff, actuated by the
loftiest idea of religion and conciliation, addressed
an autograph letter to King Victor Emmanuel, re-
presenting to that monarch the distressing condition
in which the absence of the bishops left a consider-
able number of dioceses in Italy. The King eagerly
replied to this generous initiative, and a special
envoy—Signor Vegezzi—was sent to Rome to treat
semi-officially in that capital as to the religious
questions pending between the Holy See and the
Italian Government. This mission, although not
producing all the results that had been hoped from
it, developed the germs of conciliation, and prepared
elements of agreement for the future. King Victor
Emmanuel considered that the time was come to
renew the negotiation, and Signor Vegezzi being
unable, on account of his health, to repair to Rome,
the Councillor of State, Signor Tonello, has been
despatched •to that capital. The return of the
bishops to their dioceses is already an accomplished
fact, and this important result authorises us in hop-
ing for agreement upon the other points. The suc-
cess of Signor Tonello's mission would•not fail to be
profitable to the general relations between the Holy
See and the Court of Florence, and the time would,
perhaps, no longer be far distant when the Pontifi-
cal Government would consent to establish with
Italy de facto relations, which, both from an econo-
mical and material point of view, would be of a
character to produce the most salutary conse-
quences."