The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-20 00:00:00

Commence at 8 o'clock

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone,
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
THE JEALOUS WIFE. Miss Amy Sedgwiek.
With KNOW YOUR OWN MIND.
And JACK'S RETURN FROM CANTON.
Commence at 7.

IT AYMARKET THEATRE ROYAL.
For the Benefit of MISS AMY SEDGWICK,
SATURDAY, October 2., 1839, and her Last Appearance ;
on which occasion will be produce by the kind permission
of Messrs. Robson and Emden, _

PLOT AND PASSION.
Madame de Fontanges, Aliss Amy Sedgwick (for this night
only).
To be followed by THE DAY AFTER THE WEDDING.
Lady Elizabeth Freelove, Miss Amy Sedgwick.
To conclude with THE RIFLE AND HOW TO USE IT,
in which Mr. Buckstone will perform.

ROYAL PRINCE S S'S THEATRE.—
Lessee, 31r. A. Harris.
TITTS YVENING. the performances will commence with
LOVE'S TELEGR Arn.
To be followed by a dramatic tableau in Watteau colours,
by J. R. Planche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE.
To conclude with THE TWO POLTS.

NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manazer, Mr. Benj. Webster.

Open for the Winter Season.
THIS EVENING will be performed ICI ON PARLE
FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas Selby, and Miss
Kelly.
After which, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben.
Webster; Hulks, Mr. David Fisher; Augustus, Mr. J. L.
Toole; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford.
Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher,
Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss
Laidlaw.
•

Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Bog-
Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing,* scats,
nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
establishment are strictly prohibited.
Acting Manager—Mr. Win. Smith.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee. Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West-
minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen-
gers all hours of the night.
THIS EVENING, Poole's comedy, THEY'RE BOTH TO
BLAME. Messrs. Leigh Murray, Barrett, Walter Carle ;
Mesdames Erank Matthews, Murray, Catharine Hickson.
After which the successful Ballet Farce, by John Oxen-
ford, Esq., entitled MAGIC TOYS, support by Miss Lydia
Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps de
Ballet.

To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L.
Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond
Papa.
Reduced Prices—Gallery, Gd ; Pit, is. The Box-office open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at hall-past six; perform-
ance commences at 7.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EVENING.—The nusie of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs).

In a few days will be produced a Selection from Meyer-
beer's new opera of DLNORA H.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. P. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.

Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.

QAVILLE HALL GRAND CONCERT ROOM
►►) and HOTEL, 6, Leicester-square, having been re-
modelled and decorated, and replete with every convenience
and comfort,

IS NOW OPEN.
Vocalists : the celebrated Mme. Festa, from the principal
theatres of Italy, and Mme. Devry, from Paris ; also, the ex-
traordinary Clarionet Soloist, Signor Festa, from Naples.
Several English artistes of celebrity. with an efficient chorus,
and those unrivalled American Minstrels, Messrs, Pell,
Palmyre, and Williams, who have had the honour of appear-
ing before her Majesty on several occasions are already en-
gaged. Other eminent artistes will appear.
First Selection, LA TRAVIATA.—Commence at Seven
o'clock.

➢iusical Director, Signor G. OPEET I, Pianist to his Majesty
Victor Emanuel 11., King of Sardinia.
Suppers and all other kinds of refreshments of the best
quality at moderate charges.

.THE WEATHER.—SuN OFFICE, OCTOBER 20.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
50—highest:since noon yesterday.
52—lowest this morning and during the night.
57—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.50; a fall of half an inch.
WIND, W.N.W.; light. with fine weather.

HIGH WATER AT• LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 7h. 35m.—Afternoon, Bh. 22m.
To-Molutow-Morning, 9h. 7m.—Afternoon, 9h. 51m.

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TII E .S UN .
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1859

Although we are this afternoon placed in posses-
sion (by telegram) of a sufficiently lucid analysis of
the treaty recently signed at Zurich by the French
and Austrian Plenipotentiaries, we are nevertheless
no more enabled now than we were previously to see,
or to do any more than merely conjecture, the poli-
tical Future of the Roman Peninsula. The real
difficulty, in fact, is carefully evaded. The treaty
signed at Zurich, in truth, does very little more than
was effected by the truce arranged at Villafranca.
Austria, we again learn, gives up Lombardy to
the Emperor of the French—the whole of Lom-
bardy, that is to say, with the exception of Mantua
and Peschiera ; in other words, as far as the new
frontier has been fixed by special commission.
The Emperor of the French, we also again
learn, transfers those portions of Lombardy—the
fine plains without the strong fortresses—to his
Imperial Majesty's ally, King VICTOR EMMANUEL.
The rose-wreath, we now find, however, as we
had suspected, is not without its thorns ! In rea-
lity these thorns are now numbered up by the
treaty of Zurich to the distressful number of
250,000,000 f. Together with his new pro-
vince of Lombardy, that is to say, the Sar-
dinian monarch has handed over to him from
the despoiled EMPEROR of AUSTRIA an agreeable
debt, amounting in all to two hundred and fifty
millions of francs. Article the Eighteenth is the
next particularised in this analytic telegram, and
it is one of the few articles of the Treaty
of Zurich that will not fail to be read with a pecu-
liar and lively interest throughout Christendom.
It is, in regard to the Event promised, explicit
enough, but, in regard to the Manner of its
Accomplisiment, vague as vague could well
It runs as follows : " Desiring that
the tranquillity of the Church, and the power
of the HOLY FATHER should be insured, and
being convinced that this end could not be ob-
tained in a more effective manner, than by a system
suited to the wants of the populations, and by re-
forms, the necessity of which has been already re-
organised by the Sovereign-Pontiff, the two con-
tracting parties will unite their efforts in order that
a reform in the administration of the States of the
Church should be carried out by his Holiness."
So far this assurance has now been given to
the world, formally and conjointly, by the
two most powerful among the Catholic States
of Europe. Thereupon, however, in the very
next article (Art.l9) follows the careful evasion by
France and Austria of the real difficulty in regard
to the solution of the problem of the political future
of the Italian Peninsula. It observes in this article
" that the territorial limits of the independent
States of Italy which did not take part in the
last war could be changed only with the assent
of the other Powers of Europe which took
part in forming and guaranteed the existence
of the States." Observing,
moreover, rather super-
fluously, that " The rights of the Grand Duke of
TUSCANY, the Duke of MODENA, the Duke of
PAR3IA are expressly reserved by the higher con-
tracting Powers." Wherefore, of course, France
and Austria together imply as plait ly as words can
imply anything, that the respon.sibility of deciding
as to those rights devolves upon those sir•
pretn: contracting powers. It is the signal for
the long-talked-of Congress . " The two Em-
perors," we are told further on. by Art. 20, "will
assist with all aieir power in the formation of a
Confederation o'z' all the States of Italy, the object
of which will be the preservati on of the indepen- I
dence and intogrity of Italy, which will insure
the developnaeut of their morar and material in-

.1:1.-~2111,•••••6
terests, and will watch over the defence of the in-
terior and exterior of Italy by means of a federal
army." Though the treaty wisely refrains from
attempting to inform us how that federal army can
be maintained intact and harmonious while com-
prising with it Austrian, Neapolitan, Papal, and
Piedmon tese contingents ! Altogether scanning
the whole of this mystic treaty between the Austro-
French Plenipotentiaries, we can only define our
estimate of the result arrived at by saying that the
abrupt truce decided upon at Villafranca has now
been tardily followed up at Zurich by—an exten-
sion of the armistice !

Her MAJESTY'S Ministers ought to know per_
fectly well, by this time, that whatever else they
may refrain from doing, there are two things they
Must do in obedience to Necessities, brooking no
evasion whatsoever. They must grapple in earnest
with the question of Parliamentary Reform—and
they must inflict upon the Chinese the penalty of
a summary and swinging retribution. Delay in
either particular is in no way practicable with im-
punity. If adventured upon in either instance, the
mere attempt at procrastination will render at once
inevitable the downfall of this vaunted strong
Government. As to the Reform Difficulty, that
must, perforce, " wait a wee"—namely until the
reassembling of the Legislature in February. Until
the Lords and Commons are again sitting down
at Westminster, we must remain in ignorance as
to whether Al inisters are really and truly preparing
their plans during the long vacation to satisfy the
wants of the nation in regard to the thorough and
comprehensive revision of the elective system. Not
so in regard to the China Difficulty. There, not
only do we find no necessity for delay in the ex-
planation of the policy resolved upon by Ministers,
but we recognise at once that hesitation of any kind
in carrying that policy out would belittle less than
criminal, would be certainly calculated to prove
eminently disastrous.

The Administration has by this time learnt all
it can possibly wish to learn in reference to the
disaster at the mouth of the Peiho, before the
Taku fortifications, in order to enable them to
measure the extent of the heinous atrocity there
perpetrated treacherously in cold blood, and de-
manding at our hands, and at the hands of our
Allies across the Channel, a prompt, signal, and
in every respect adequate, vengeance. Among the
latest news telegraphed from the French capital,
we learn that the Chinese Expedition has been
formally discussed in the Council of Ministers,
presided over by the Emperor NAPOLEON, and that
. although no definite decision had there and then
been arrived at, a distinct proposition had been
submitted to the consideration of the Council, to
the effect that 18,000 men should, at the turn of the
year (1859-1860), be despatched to the frontiers of
the Celestial Empire for immediate disembarkation,
followed by a retributive march upon Pekin. Yet
our French allies, remember, had scarcely a dozen
men placed hors de combat under the forts of
Taku, while the number of our own killed and
wounded closely approximated to five hundred !
It is certainly true that, among the latter, there
has recently returned homewards a young officer
who has seized the oddest possible opportunity
for descanting upon what he (with an extra-
ordinary perversity of judgment) regards as
the flagrant criminality of our proceedings
in reference to the Chinese, and of the perfectly
justifiable proceedings on their part in reference to
ourselves ! Captain LONGLEY'S crotchet, or as Mr.
COBDEN'S Yankee friends would less politely term
it—" craze "—has more recently been endorsed by
the coincident opinions of the hon. baronet, the
member for Lanarkshire. We don't believe, how-
ever, that Sir EDWARD COLEBROOK will find half-
a-dozen rational men, from Land's End to John
o'Groat's, who will go with him in his
peculiarly perverse and tortuous mode of
reasoning. According to Sir E. T. COLEBROOKE
the 'Western allies ought to submit meekly to this
sanguinary deed on the part of the Chinese—an
act (considering the peculiar circumstances of the
case) at once of cowardice and of treachery—
that the allies ought to allow it to pass un-
resented and unexpiated—for what reason, in
the name of common sense, '..does any one conjec-
ture ? Why, absolutely for the astounding reason
that the Chinese Government is rotten to the core,
is penniless, is powerless, is upon the verge of
bankruptcy, is upon eve of disruption and dis-
memberment ! "Nothing," says the member for
Lanarkshire, in a tone more suitable if applied to
"mill" for the Championship, than to a momentous
conflict between the two most powerful and civi•
used races of Christendom on the one side, and on
the other, nearly onel'entire moiety of the earth's
population [meaning, of course, the Chinese, as
opposed to the Anglo-French confederates], " No-
thing is more easy than to throw up our hats, de-
cide on licking the Chinese, and vote the
money for the purpose." Adding inopportunely
(remembering what has recently occurred on
the Peiho) this amazing axiom, as addressed
to Englishmen—" There are occasions when there
is as much danger in success as in defeat ; and
this is one of them." It is thus that Sir E. T.
COLEBROOKE propounds the extraordinary argu-
ment already particularised, doing so in the manner
following—" We are dealing," he says, "with a
Government unwarlike ; and there is nothing in
recent success to alter our opinion. We are deal-
ing with a Government so prostrate and paralysed
by internal convulsions that it seems fast falling
to pieces, and approaching that state of things
we found in India. Lord Elgin describes their
poverty, and he says he could not for very
shame press them for money to pay the ex-
penses of the war. It is in the power of the
European Powers to destroy it, but unless some
caution and forbearance are exercised by those
great Powers in their demands. we may be incur-
ring responsibilities by which not only 300,000,000
of Chinese will be affected, by also our own coun-
trymen engaged in trade in that part of the world,
which must be taken into account. There is a
strong danger of throwing that country into con-
fusion, and forcing upon ourselves responsibilities
such as we incurred in India, and which I desire to
see averted. We have enough in our hands with
regard to India without desiring any further em-
pire, and our policy in China ought not to be one
of aggrandisement." Most assuredly if Englaxd
were to be influenced in any way towards the
adoption of this most surprising policy—almost Nve
might venture to call it the policy of national
poltroonery—there would be small fear of our hav-
ing responsibilities as numerous as they are already.
Let England but yield assent to councils such as
these, and adieu—north, small, east, west—to that
glorious and heroic prestige which is, in truth,
the talisman of her vast aud world-wide dominion.
No—the summary, vigorous, inexorable, and over-
whelming punishment of the Chinese for the per-
fidy of their flagitious Government, is with us not
so much a matter of cholee as a matter of imperative
necessity. It is precisely, among other reasons, be-
cause we have already the responsibility of pre-
siding over the destinies:of 200,000,000 Asiatics in
Hindostan that we must, if only from
motives of prudence, retaliate swiftly and terribly
upon the Chinese in mturn for their murderous