The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-02 00:00:00

Commence at 7 o'clock.

VERDI'S OPERA OF MACBETH. The
whole of the first Act of this Opera, now produced
for the first time in this country (the remaining three acts
being in course of rehearsal), is sung nightly at the CAN-
TERBURY HALL CONCERTS.
THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,
consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and
EIGHT years.
The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult anci brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi-
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.
They will perform TWICE EACH EVENING, in addi-
tion to the usual Entertainments.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 2.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
ti—highest since noon yesterday.
64—lowest this morning and during the night.
66—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.87.
WIND, South-Westerly; light, with dull mild weather,
and slight sprinkling of rain.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

Tins DAY.—Morning, sh. 2m.—Afternoon, sh. 20na.
To-Mottßow-Morning, sh. 40m.—Afternoon, 6h. lm.
•—•

THE SUN.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1859.

The declaration of the Constitutionnel has been
followed, very promptly, by that of the Tuscan
Government. The former document was unofficial
in form, but we trust official in its source. The
latter is the formal memorandum of the Tuscan
Government to the Cabinets of Europe. But,
though formal and diplomatic, it is inspired by the
aspirations and resolves of a people in earnest to be
free—a' people who ever since 1815 have been
treated as of no consequence in comparison with
the Princes who were placed over them ; because
those Princes belong to the Hapsburg and Bourbon
dynasties ; but a people who have at length found
an opportunity to tell " the Great Powers," who
have hitherto made so free with the independence
of lesser powers, that " the question is whether the
ambition and interests of one family shall outweigh
the interests and will of two millions of men."
It must be confessed, after ail, that Louis NAPO-
LEON, provided he adhere consistently to the policy
indicated. by the Constitutionnel, will have accom-
plished something in Italy; something not to be
despised. If he utterly renounce the selfish policy,
perhaps wrongfully attributed to him, of wishing
to drive•the Duchies to accept a NAPOLEON ; if he
resolutely insist on their being allowed to unite
with Piedmont, as they desire it ; and if the fruits
of Magenta and Solferino should thus be a respect-
able free power in the North of Italy—he will then
have laid the first stone of Italian independence,
and his name will be inscribed on it for all pos-
terity. If Piedmont, so small a State, was by her
free institutions an intolerable grievance to
Austria, because a constant mirror in which
the political vices of the latter were thrown
back upon her angry eyes, what will Pied-
mont be when she becomes a power strong enough
to hold her own against the brutal enemy of Ita-
lian liberties ? Austria may still keep her 200,000
men in Venetia, and may ruin her finances by the
cost of it, but Venetia itself will become increas-
ingly uneasy and irrepressible as Piedmont pros-
pers in freeFlom by her side, and Italian patriots,
both there and elsewhere, will be emboldened by
the strength and nearness of a powerful protector.
The quadrangle will become a useless expense ; it
is wanted, not as the empty-headed Germans pre-
tended, as a protection for Germany, but as a
menace for Italy, and then it will menace the Aus-
trian exchequer only, and not an Austrian soldier
will be allowed to pass the Mincio or the Po ; the
stupidest of Governments may begin to repent of
its foolish game, and, with all its pride, even wish
to back out.
The Tuscans have stated their case in a way
which ought to be irresistible, whether the appeal
be to the Powers of Europe indiviivally, or whe-
ther a Congress should assemble to decide finally
on the course to be taken with the Duchies. The
English Government, of course, and we hope that
of France too, will be no parties to any Congress,
in which the right of the Duchies to cashier their
princes and to choose others, is not one basis of
entering into congress at all. Any such gathering
of European magnates now must assemble to re-
verse the leading principle of the Congress of 1815
—that States were made for dynasties, not dynas-
ties for States. It is too late in the day, when
the sovereigns of the two most powerful nations of
Europe, both of whom reign by a revolution—our
own, too, by a revolution accomplished, like that of the
Duchies by foreign aid—it is too late to deny to
people the right to choose their own Sovereign and
form of Government. In 1815 we stood, in that
respect, aloiw. In 1859 France is governed on the
same Principle ; and England and France are more
than a match fsr all Europe. If the two Govern •
ments will decide that Italy should be free, Austria
Prussia, and Russia might fume and fret together
in vain. It cannot, however, be really for the in-
terest of Russia and PruBsia that Italy should be at
the mercy of Austria, and no serious opposition
would be made, probably, by those powers to her
entire liberation.

The Tuscans, with great address, point out the
absurdity of their having anything to fear for their
independence from the Liberator of Italy, and the
Victor. of Solferino. They call attention also lo the
carefully selected legal mode of procedure by which
the sense of the people has been taken.. It almost
resembles the care of our own Parliament in 1688
to adhere as rigidly as possible to the form of law
and the constitution. They accepted as the con-
stituency which should elect the delegates the
very one which was defined by the constitution
granted by the renegade Grand Duke himself in
1848, and illegally abolished by him in 1852. It
was a constitution which gave a vote to nearly all,
perhaps, who were competent to use one, and cei
tainly did not exclude humble men, while it in-
cluded all ,the higher classes. By the delegates
thus chosen according to a charter which is really
the law of the Duchy, delegates, whom not even
our own proud aristocracy can look down upon as

beneath them—by these men, of the same class as
th 4 )se which excluded the STUARTS from the throne

of England, is the dynasty of Hapsburg Loraine
banished from the throne of Tuscany. The Tuscans
plead, unanswerably, not only their right to banish
their STUART, but the anarchy and danger to
general peace which must follow from any attempt,
armed or diplomatic, to force them to accept him—
that he is, as proved by his own conduct, a hostile,
and, as proved by the people's votes, a hated sove-
reign ; and that all the old dangers and miseries of
Austrian influence and interventions must return
with him.

On the second question, that of annexation to
Piedmont, the vote of the delegates was unanimous ;
but not only that, the municipal councils, notwith-
standing that many adherents of MAzzINI and
Republicans must be in them, were nearly as
unanimous. Their suffrages were 1,297 for, and
only 53 against annexation ! Such a very small
minority in favour chiefly, no doubt, of a Republic,
shows wonderful prudence in a people liberated but
the other day ! They have sense to see that to pre
serve their independence they must be united, and,
whether they be Monarchists or Republicans, all
joining in admiring VICTOR EMMANUEL'S zeal for
Italian independence, they cordially make him
their rallying point.
The friends of Italian independence have now
the strongest of cases. They plead for a people
who have shown that they possess both the genius
for domestic self-government, and the political
prudence to appreciate rightly their foreign rela-
tions. They are fully prepared to throw to the
winds impossible dreams of Republican liberty
under an elected President for the safer medium of
constitutional government under a King who has
proved himself worthy to rule. England and
France, and therefore all Europe, must accept these
resolutions. It would be treason not only to
national independence, but also to the claims of law
and order, and the most meritorious public conduct
to sacrifice now the Duchies to the Dukes.

Yesterday a meeting of the Royal National Life
Boat Institution was held at its establishment in
the Adelphi, to heur the report, and to vote the
customary rewards. We have repeatedly called
the attention of the public to this excellent insti-
tution, which is deserving of the most liberal
patronage. The establishment of lifeboats at the
dangerous parts of the coast, and the encourage-
ment and reward of the brave men who man them,
must surely be universally admitted to be an under-
taking of paramount importance to a maritime
nation. It was reported that the Institution will soon
have 90 lifeboats under its control, and the average
annual expense of each lifeboat is £3O, so that the
continued support of the public is indispensable to
maintain its efficiency. This number, though
large, is not sufficient, and when we con-
sider the rocky and dangerous coasts of many
parts of these islands, we shall readily believe that
an increase in the number of boats is requisite. It
has been proposed to station a new lifeboat in
Carmarthen Bay, where wrecks with loss of life
have been of frequent occurrence. This was
decided upon at the meeting yesterday, and the
nobility and gentry of the vicinity have subscribed
largely towards its establishment. It is an insti-
tution that appeals to the reason as well as to the
humanity, since to a nation so largely engaged in
maritime occupations, the preservation of our brave
sailors is no less a question of policy than of duty. In
these days of constant travel and voyages there are
few who are secure from the chance of disaster or
accident, and the maintenance of lifeboats round
the coast is in some respects an insurance as well
as a charity. We cannot think, however, that
these colder arguments and more selfish reasonings
will be needed to ensure the generous support of
the British public. Heroism and adventures by sea
are always particularly fascinating to us as a nation,
and the sympathy felt for those who risk their
lives on the stormy waters, to rescue friend or
stranger alike, needs no prompting to express its
approval. We are glad to find that the rewards
of the Society are highly estimated by the gallant
men who earn them, no doubt for the public testi-
mony to their bravery no less than for the sub-
stantial benefit. The instances of heroism recorded
in the Society's reports do honour to our nation,
and appeal forcibly for aid and encouragement to
those who " live at home at ease." It is, surely,
not too much to expect the public to support the
necessary funds when the risk of life and limb is
so willingly volunteered. The crews of the British
Life-boats are indeed a class of men of which the na-
tion may well be proud, and their heroic daring has
been well expressed in the popular verses in honour
of the boatmen of one particular locality :

" A boat is tri the waters, though the very sea-birds hide ;
It's noble blood must fill the pulse that's calm in such a
tide,
And England, rich in record of her princes, kings, and
crowns,
May tell still prouder stories of her boatmen of the
Downs."
We trust those brave men may continue to receive
their well-merited rewards, and that the institution
will be enabled, by the public encouragement and
assistance, to maintain an efficient staff of boats
and men at all the exposed and dangerous localities
round the coast.

Sporting and the meetings of the railways come
in together, as if in season. One portion:of the pub-
lic partakes of the one for the supply of the table,
while the other, equally provident, takes care of
the pocket. And this year we can happily congra-
tulate both parties on the full enjoyment of their
several desires. As for the sportsmen, we leave
them to pursue their manly course, while we pay a
little attention to the railways.
It appears, from all the reports of railway meet-
ings, lately held and now holding, that the pros-
pects of the shareholders are " looking up." There
is scarcely one line that does not show a marked
increase in its traffic, and, consequently, a grateful
improvement in its dividend. We, who always
look on the brighter side of a question, hail this
with cordial satisfaction, because what is benefi-
cial to some of the body public must reflect its
good upon the others.
_

Nor is the prosperity now beginning to develope
itself to be taken in part but as an index to the
whole. The railway interest has of late receded
from various causes, but perhaps from overdue ex-
pectation. Speculation was stimulated to such
excess that everything was overdone. Fever heat
seemed to have been the order of the day
in every enterprise. People were so full of
making fortunes that there was little time and
less inclination to anticipate a reverse turn in
the chapter of accidents. It was all hope, all
sunshine, and those who apprehended a change
or warned the adventurer to be prudent in time
were laughed at for incredulity in the r:ch promise
of the charming scheme. All fear of disaster was
blown to the winds, and millions upon millions
were subscribed. Now though this rage for specu-
lation was fraught with much danger and sub-
sequent loss to many individuals the nation at large
profited immensely by the wonderful enterprises
set on foot—a great many of which succeeded
beyond all expectation, while their success served
only to stimulate to other undertakings.
In truth enterprise never stopped to take breath,
but it pursued its course more warily, feeling its
way as it progressed. People never gain wisdom

by the experience o f others, but they slacken their
speed from a knowledge of their own. Let us hope
that the worst is now over, and that those who
have risked so much may yet be well repaid by
ample returns—even as the single seeds produce
the rich harvest.

Of the various railway meetings reported in this
journal, there is none more interesting to London
travellers than that held yesterday of the South-
Eastern Railway, and its proposed extension to
Hungerford-market, by a branch from its terminus
near London-bridge, along. the dilapidated and
beggarly mass of houses on the Southwark side of
the river running close to the Waterloo station of th•
South-Western, right across the Thames on the site of
the present Suspension-bridge. This will, indeed, be-
come a vast improvement, which will give a won-
derful facility to travellers and commerce of all
kinds, but it will also relieve the overcrowded
streets of the daily accumulating traffic, and
thereby conduce to the public convenience as well
as safety.

For years we have been endeavouring to draw
public attention to obvious improvements such as
these, and now we congratulate the Chairman
and Directors of the South-Eastern Company on
having accomplished so desirable an instal-
ment in the right direction. That the profit
resulting from this bold step will be far in excess
of the estimates there can be little or no doubt.
Take for example a case in practical working. The
number of passengers by the South-Western Rail-
way, when their terminus stopped at Nine Elms,
was, in 1846, about 347,000 ; but when the line
was extended to Waterloo station the number
amounted to upwards of 4,000,030 ! This would
appear incredible but that facts are facts now. Nor
is it so in one particular railway, but in all wher-
ever scope and verge enough are given to enter-
prise.

Mr. MELLOR, a Director of both the South
Eastern and Charing Cross Companies, a gentle-
man after our own heart in his desire for public
improvement, stated that in 1846 the number of
passengers passing in and out of the Brighton and
South Eastern stations at London Bridge was
624,000, while in the year just ended the number
passing in and out of the South Eastern station
alone was 10,000,000 (ten millions !) Indeed this
increase appears almost incredible in so short a
period. The number of passer gers in the previous
year passing in and out of the Brighton and South
Eastern station amounted to 17,560,000, so that in
thirteen years the number had increased from
under 630,000 to seventeen millions and a
half. What it will be in a few years
when the Charing Cross Branch is in full
play, we may fancy, but cannot now chronicle.
The South-Eastern directors will thus confer a vast
benefit on the shareholders who have so wisely
supported them, but they will also provide un-
bounded facilities for the public. Nor have they
been remiss in their negotiations in the matter, for
it appears that with a Scotch eannieness they secured
the possession of the property at Hngerford-
market, together with the Suspension-bridge, before
the Act of Parliament was asked for, thereby feel-
ing their way as they proceeded. It was good
generalship, and must have contributed immensely
to their advantage, for it would have cost them
double, double, the estimated amount of one million,
and thus have militated much against their
triumph.
When this branch is finished in two 3 ears, and
the proposed new street is completed, the good
people of Southwark will hardly know their own
locality. They will be much in the predicament of
the Highlander with his old gun—they will have
a new stock, a new lock, and a bran new Railway
Barrel into the bargain !

THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND.

BALMORAL, AUG. 31.

The Queen and the Prince Consort, accompanied by the
Princess Alice, Prince Arthur, Princess Louisa, and Prin-
cess Helena, arrived here shortly after six o'clock this

evening.

The Earl of Dalkeith, M.P., eldest son of the
Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, is about to marry the
Lady Louisa Hamilton, third daughter of the Marquis and
Marchioness of Abercorn. The Queen, on meeting the
Duke of Buccleuch at St. Margaret's station, near Edin-
burgh, on Tuesday morning last, graciously avai!ed herself
of the opportunity of congratulating his grace on the happy
e vent.

Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess
Marie, sister to the present Emperor of Russia, yesterday,
again honoured the establishment of Mr. C. F. Hancock,
of Bruton-street, with a visit, and was graciously pleased
to favour him with her commands.

The Duke and Duchess of Athole, have, since
the commencement of grouse-shooting, received a select
party at Blair-Athole, Perthshire. The Earl and Countess
of Derby and Lady Emma Stanley have been among the
the guests of the noble duke and duchess.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Downshire have
arrived at Hillsborough Castle, the family seat in Ireland,
from Easthampstead Park, Berkshire.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Headfort have
arrived at their seat in Ireland for the autumn.

The Earl of Bective, M.P., has arrivee at his seat
in Ireland from Underley Park, Westmoreland.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived in
town yesterday, from a vtsit to Sir William and Lady
Middleton, Shrubland Park, near Ipswich.

Lady Peel has arrived in Whitehall-gardens
from Vichy. Her ladyship passed a few days in Paris on
her way home.

ROYAL STATION HOTEL, HULL.—The following
distinguished visitors are at present staying at this hotel :
—The Dowager Countess of Meath and party, from Eaton
Court, Herefordshire. Lady Clifton, from Fryley Hall,
Montgomeryshire. Sir Walter Riddell, Bart., and Lady
Riddell, from Northumberland. Lord and Lady Taunton,
and family ; Lord and Lady Walsingham, from London.
The Honourable Caroline Cavendish and Miss Heyriott,
from Burlington.gardens, London. Captain and the Hon.
Mrs. Steuart, from Sunning Dale. The Hon. Miss Labou-
chere, the Hon. Miss A. C. Labouchere, and the Hon. Miss
M. B. Labouchere, from Stoke Park, near Windsor.
The Duke and Duchess of Atholl have, since the
commencement of grouse shooting, received a select party at
Blair Atholl, Perthshire. The Earl and Countess of Derby
and Lady Emma Stanley have been among the guests of
the noble duke and duchess.

A letter from St. Sauveur says :—" The health of
the Emperor and Empress appears excellent, and the
waters, which they use very regularly, are said to be of great
benefit to their Majesties. They every day take long walks,
and visit everything of interest in the neighbourhood. The
delicious views of the basin of the Luz appear above all
other places to attract their attention. Their Majesties
have also visited the thermal establishment of the llonta-
lade, the waters of which are so beneficial when taken at
the same time that the springs of St. Sauveur are used.
In all their excursions they proceed without the slightest
state, and have several times expressed their gratification
at the inhabitants not disturbing their incognito."
AUSTRALIAN SHIPS AND GOLD OVERDUE AT
LIVERPOOL—Three of the clippers belonging to the fleet
of Liverpool and Australian traders are now overdue at this
port, and their arrival may be hourly looked for. They have
on board an aggregate of 80,000 ounces of gold, of the value
of £320,000. The Prince of the Seas, Captain H. A Brown
(of the "White Star" line), sailed from Melbourne on the
29th of May, and is, consequently, at sea 94 days. She had ,
on board 26,321 ounces of gold, value £10.5,284, and 88 bales
of wool. She had as passengers Mrs. Shultze and two
children, Mr. and Mrs. Percy Cox, Mr. and Mrs. Haigh,
Mrs. Aitkin and two children, Mr. and Mrs. Dodery,
Messrs. Lawrence, Hermes, John W. Jones, Robert
Jameson, Thomas C. Skinner, James Moore, and Thomas
W. Sutton. The Eagle, Captain Murphy (belonging to
Messrs. Gibbs, Bright, and Co.), sailed from Melbourne
June 9th, and is, thereforo, 83 days at sea. Her passengers
were Mr. H. T. Srnithe, fir. Dunda, 11.1 is. Nu )n, Miss
Addiss, Miss Hulton, Mrs. Lloyd, Mrs. Murphy and in-
fant, and Dr. Srnithe. She had 31,635 ounces of gold
(£126,540), and 24 bales of wool. The Beechworth, Capt.
Frain, " White Star" line, sailed from Melbourne, June 10,
and is 82 clays at sea. She brings 20,000 ounces (£BO,OOO,
and the following passengers :—Mrs. Ellen Byron, the
Misses Eva and Ada Byron, Messrs John Hick, J. P.
Campbell, Mr. James, Voss, and two children. She had
60 bales of Wool. The recent change of wind may drive
these ships up any moment.—Liverpool Daily Post.
MURDER AT SEA.—The barque Margaret, of West
Hartlepool, in ballast from Lisbon, bound for Pugwash, ar-
rived at Falmouth on Wednesday, in consoqueuce of the
murder of the master, Barker, on the 22d ult., by a
Brazilian sailor, who had shipped at Lisbon as steward
and cook. The act was perpetrated on the 23d ult. at
4 13 a.m., by his cutting the captain's throat, while asleep
in his berth, with a carvingknife sharpened for the pur-
pose, and in subsequently attempting to serve the watch-
asleep in the forecastle in a similar manner he was over-
powered by the chief mate, after wounding one of them.
The name of the delinquent is stated to be Charles Amors,
and no motive is assigned for the act.

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