The Sun.
London, England, 1866-06-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 12, 1866.

p ONDON must have a SUPPER and MUSIC
ROOll for Gentlemen. Remember, we wait for you at
EVANS' after the Covent-garden Opera acid the Theatres.

R. W. S. WOODIN'S BADEN-IVDEN
and UP IV THE AIR, an entirely New Entertain-
ment, EVERY EVENING, at Eight (except Saturday);
Saturday Mornings at Three. POLYGRAPHIC HALL,
King William-street, Char.n,g-eross.
Luxurious sofa sails, Es.; balcony stalls, 35.; area, 25.;
amphitheatre, la.—A plan of stalls may be seen and seats
secured at the Hal' from Elcven to Five.

HEOXF 0 R D,
6, OXFORD-STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (Limited,
ENTRA NOVELTIES. Operatic Selections performed
by Misses Russell, Barry, Fitz Henry ; Messrs. A. St. Albyn,
flu,h, Bury, Dalton, and Tivoli, with full band and chorus,
conducted by fir. ...I G lIMAN S.
Comedy, Burlesque, Gymnastic, and other performances,
by all the most talented Forelun and English artistes.
The great Negro Trio, Joe Brown and Messrs. Duriah and
Davies.
EURARDO, THE GREAT SPIRAL ASCENSIONIST,
THIS EVENING.
Admission—Area, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, ls.; private
boxes, with separate entrance, 10s. 6d.
Open every evening at 8.

11/ADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
IVA_ BAKER-STREET, WHITSIJN HOLIDAYS.

NEW ADDITIONS.—SeveraI life-size Portrait Models
of the most distinguished Personages of the day
and
those of the late LORD PALMERSTON and GUS-
TAVUS V. BROOKE) have been added since the last
Holidays ; and in the Chamber of Horrors are Effigies,
takea from life, of SOUTHEY alias FORWOOD, and the
notorious CHARLOTTE WINSOR.

Open from 11 a.m. till 10 p.m.

Admittance, ls. ; children, under ten, half price ; Extra
Rooms, Gd.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.
Open every evening with the celebrated ARGYLL BAND.
The Programme this week will Include Selections and Ar-
rangements from the works of the following =asters :
Mozart, Rossini, Meyerbeer.
Musical Director, Signor LUIGI CURTI.
Doors open at half-pist Eight o'clock.
Admission, Is.

EAST AND WEST INDIA DOCK
COMPANY. •

The Court of Directors of the East and West India Dock
Company HEBE BY GIVE NOTICE that the TKANSFER
BOOKS of the said Company will be SHUT on Wednesday,
the 2%th day of June, and OPEN again on Monday, the zd
day of July, 1866

By order of the Court,
GEORGE COLLIER, Se retary.
East and West India Dock House, BiIII ter-
square, Bth June, 1866.

A.D. 1720.

ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION
(Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First),

FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES.
Offices, Royal Exchange, London. ~
Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall, S.W.
OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor.
JAMES STEWART HODGSON, Esq., Sub-Governor.

SECOND-HAND FIRE-PROOF SAFES and
IRON DOORS.
Call and inspect the Largest Assortment in the World, by
Starr, Leadbeater, llordan, Thos. Perry and Son, and
Geo. Price, at half the cost of new. Sketches and prices free.
GRIFFIT EIS, Cannon-street, West.

CHOCOLATE.-MENIER'S FaNCH.

CI OCOLAT-MENIER, for Breakfast.

CHOCOLAT-MENIER is pure, wholesome, and
delicious.

MENIER'S FRENCH CHOCOLATE.
Warehouse, 23, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden.
Sold everywhere.
_

DE AFNESS. —The SO UND MAGNIFIER, and
Invisible Voice Conductor. It fits into the ear, not
perceptible ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in
the head is entirely removed. It affords immediate relief
to deaf persons, and enables them to hear distinctly at
church and public assemblies: Every other kind of hear-
ing instrument. Messrs. SOLOMON, 39, Albemarle-
street, Piccadilly.

ATOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
11 most useful invention of the day, AGUA AMA RE LL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., Red Bull Whart, 93,
Upper Thames-street, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
lly offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid, which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agua Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles. les. 6i. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wales.

LTOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—FUNDS
ar22,eoaoronreesqtluyirseolioited for fitting up the TRAINING

• - WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-CON-
TRIBUTIONS are earnestly solicited for establishing
the COUNTRY ROME. £l,OOO required.
WM. WILLUMS, Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8. Great Queen-street. W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—The
Committee are most anxious to provide for 400 boys.
one hundred and fifty are now in the Refuge. The annual
expenditure for supporting the 400 boys is estimated at
0,000, being £l5 a year for each boy. Several kind friends
have promised to pay for one bDy each year.
Subscriptions thankfully received by the London and West-
minster Bank, 41, Lothburv. and 214, High Holborn ; Messrs.
Ransom and Co., l, Pall-Mall East; and by
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street, w.e.
•

SUBSCRIPTION TESTIMONIAL
TO
GEORGE ORIIIKSHANK.
PRESIDENT.
JOIIN RUSKIN, Esq., luk.
VICE-PRESIDENT.
sir W. C. TREVELYAN, Bart.
TREASURER.
Louis Ruth, Esq,
BANKERS.
Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street, E.C.

" Before the century was actually in its teens, we believe
that George Cruikshank was amusing the public. Is there
no way in which the country could acknowledge the long
services and brave career of such a friend and benefactor ?"
THACKERAY.

The public in reneral is invited to Co-operate in this move-
ment. Subscriptions receivable as above, or by the under-
signed as honorary secretary,
CHARLES A. HOWELL.
3, York-villas, Brixton, S.

pROVIDENCE ROW NIGHT REFUGE,
FO
HOMELESS WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
14A, Providence-row, Finsbury, E.C.
Sixty Thousand Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfast; have been given in this Institution to the
destitute, who otherwise would have had to pass the
nights in the bleak streets or under railway arches.
At present nearly 500 Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, are given gratuitously every week. The poor
from all parts are admitted, the only condition being that
they are homeless and starving. The Manager &c.,
receives no remuneration whatever. Notwithstand-
ing the provision mado by the Poor Houses, each
night numbers of young
.women, children, and orphans
are, for want accommodation, refused admittance, anclhave
to spend night after night in the cold, wet, and sleet. To
meet this evil, and to provide more ample accommoda-
tion, £2,000 has been raised, but to accomplish the
work a sum of at least £l,OOO more will be required.
Besides providing shelter for the homeless, this year it
is proposed, as far as the donations obtained for the pur-
pose will allow, to give bread and coals to poor families
in want. Will you, in your charity, help to carry on and
accomplish what has been begun ? Will you help to give
shelter to the really homeless, and food to the really
starving ? The smallest donation will be most welcome,
and, night and morning, the prayers of the destitute will
be offered in your behalf
SUBSCRIPTIONS are earnestly requested, and will be
gratefully received by the Rev. D. GILBERT D.D. No. 22,
Finsbury-circus,

H J. AND D. NICOLL,
• Tailors to the Queen, Royal Family, and the
Courts of Europe, 114, 116, 118, 120, REGENT-STREET,
and 22, CORNHILL, LONDON; 50, BOLD-STREET,
LIVERPOOL; and 10, MOSLEY-STREET, MAN-

R R E T T'S
CITY RESTAURANT
AND LUNCHEON BAR
IS NOW OPEN.

4, MILK-STREET, CHEAPSIDE, CITY, E.C.

'COHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
effl TOOI'II PASTE is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, anti
imparts a pleasant fragrance to
the breath. Price is. 6d.--Red Bull Wharf, i+3, Upper
Thames-street, London.

two regiments, and, as each regiment contains three
battalions, in a division of infantry there are 12
battalions; to every infantry division is also at-
tached one regiment of cavalry, of four squadrons,
and one division of artillery, of four batteries,
making the total strength of the force under the
command of every infantry divisional General 12
battalions, four squadrons, and four batteries.
A cavalry division consists of two brigades, each
containing two regiments, and as every regiment
has four squadrons, the division contains 16 squa-
drons ; it has also two batteries of horse artillery
attached to it.
The reserve of artillery consists of one division of
field artillery, which forms four batteries, and of
two batteries of horse artillery, besides an artillery
train for the supply of ammunition.
This gives the strength of a corps d'armee as 24
battalions of infantry, 24 squadrons of cavalry, and
16 batteries of artillery. Besides this, however, each
corps has one battalion of rifles and one battalion
of engineers, besides •an engineer train for th 9
transport of materials for making bridges, and a
large military train, which carries food, hospitals,
medicines, fuel for cooking, bakeries, and all the
other necessaries of not only life, but of the life
of an army, the members of which require not only
the same feeding, clothing, and warming as
other members of the human race, but who will
not be denied_lpllet4 ,pnwiler, shot and shells,
saddlery for their horses, and who from the
nature of their life are more liable to require medi-
cines, bandages, splints, and all hospital accessories
than other men.

If we do not consider the train when we are cal-
culating the number of combatants who actually
fall in, in the line of battle, every battalion may be
considered to consist of 1,024 men, except the
pioneer battalion, which contains 620. Thus the
force of infantry and engineers in a corps d'armee
numbers over 26,000, and on account of men ab-
sent through sickness may in round numbers be
calculated at this figure. Each squadron of cavalry
may be calculated at 140 mounted men, which
makes the whole cavalry force about 3,300 men.
Each division of four batteries of horse artillery
brings into the field 590 actual combatants, and
each of field artillery the same, so that the whole
artillery force of a corps d'armee is about 2,350
men. The actual number of combatants with a
corps d'armee in this way seems to be 31,650 men,
which may be stated in broad :numbers at 31,000.
The Guard corps d'armee differs chiefly from the
Line corps in having one additional rifle battalion
and two additional cavalry regiments, which increase
its strength by about 2,150 actual combatants ; the
total number of combatants in this corps may be
safely assumed as 33,000 men. The whole army in
the field at the present moment may be considered
as representing 280,000 actual sabres and bayonets
present in the ranks.

If we turn, however, to the list furnished by the
military authorities, we find that the army is said
to consist of 335,000 men, with 106,500 horses, of
which only about 70,000 belong to the cavalry and
artillery, and that it is accompanied by a waggon
train of 8,950 carriages, of which only 3,500 be-
longing to the artillery perform any service on the
field of battle.

What has then become of these 55,000 men,
36,500 horses, and 5,450 carriages which form
the difference between the returns we find of an
army on paper and the actual number of men
engaged on the field of battle ? This difference
represents the moving power of the combat-
ant branches ; it is this difference that feeds
the warriors when they are well, that tends them
when wounded, and nurses them when struck down
with disease. Nor are these the only duties of the
non-combatant branches. An army on a campaign
is a little world of itself, and has all the requirements
of ordinary men moving about the world besides
having an enemy in its neighbourhood, who attempts
to oppose its progress in every way possible. When
the line of march leads to a river, over which there
is either no bridge or where the bridge has been de-
stroyed, a bridge must be immediately laid down,
and, accordingly, a bridge train is necessarily always
present with the army. When a camp is pitched ,
field bakeries have to be immediately established to
feed the troops ; field telegraphs and field post-
offices must be established for the rapid transmis-
sion of intelligence. A large staff must be provided
for, which is the mainspring which sets all the
works going. All these are only ordinary wants,
such as any large picnic party on the same scale
would require. When we consider that GOO
rounds of gun ammunition can easily be fired
away in a general action, that every infantry soldier
can on the same occasion dispose of 120 rounds of
ball cartridge, and that this must be all replaced
immediately ; that all this requires an enormous
number of carriages, with horses and drivers ; that
outside of the line of battle there must be medical
men, their assistants, and nurses ; that within it
and under fire there must be ambulance waggons
and men with stretchers to bear the wounded to
them; and that 40 per cent. of the infantry alone
in every year's campaign are carried to the rear, we
may understand how the large difference between
the number of actual fighting men and of men borne
upon paper is accounted for.

We,.have seen that each corps d'armee may be
safely estimated at 30,000 combatants and that of
the guard at 33,000, without taking into considera-
tion those large artillery and engineer trains which
would be requisite were the army to undertake the
siege of any considerable fortress. It only remains
now to consider whether this strength may always
be reckoned upon as constant ; and it appears that
this may be done in consequence of the admirable
system of Prussian organisation. By this system,
as soon as a corps d'armee is put on a war footing,
there is a depot battalion formed for each regiment,
a depot company for each battalion of rifles, a depot
squadron for each cavalry regiment, a depot com-
pany for the artillery of each corps d'ar»ace, a depot,
company for each engineer battalion, and a depot
for the military train. These depots remain in their
barracks, and supply all vacancies made in the
ranks of the corps to which they belong. Nor is it
all difficult for them to do so, because in conse-
quence of the system of recruiting pursued in this
country these depots do not consist entirely of raw
recruits, but partly of men who have served for
some time in the army, and who have, after leaving
the regular ranks, been annually put through a
course of training.
It is here requisite to say a few words on the
system of recruiting in Prussia. With the exception
of clergymen and a few others, every man in the
year in which he becomes 20 years old is liable to
military service for five years, three of which he
spends in the regular army and two in the reserve.
On completion of this service he is placed in the
first Levy of the Landwehr for seven years, and
afterwards in the second levy of the Landwehr for
seven years more. When it is necessary to raise
the regular army to a war footing the reserve is
first draughted into the ranks, then the first levy of
the Landwehr, and afterwards, if necessary, the
second levy. At the present time the three first
years of the second levy have already been called to
arms. If the Landwehr is exhausted the Land-
sturm is called out, and in this case every man be-
tween 16 and 50 is liable for service.

Each corps d'armee of the Line in time of peace
is quartered in one of the eight provinces of the
kingdom ; its recruits are obtained from that pro-
vince, and its Landwehr are the men in the pro-
vince who have served five years and who have been
dismissed from actual service, but are subjected to
an annual course of training. The provinces to
which the different corps d'armee belong are :-
1, Prussia Proper; 2, Pomerania ; 3, Brandenburg;
4, Prussian Saxony ; 5, Posen ; 6, Silesia ; 7, West-
phalia ; 8, Rhine Provinces. The Guards are re-
cruited from men of a certain stature from all the