The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-02 00:00:00

her best blood in the great day of the Lord, under the
burthen and heat of which the whole North has reeled
and staggered indeed, but without ever bating heart m
hope, and always gaining fresh power, through three years
of war which have seemed—nay, which have been—a life-
time. In such crises time is not measured by years or
days. The America which looked on, paralyzed and
doubtful, when John Brown prophesied all these things on
his way to the scaffold, kissing a negro child as he passed
along, while Stonewall Jackson and his pupils guarded
the gibbet the America of State sovereignty and Dred
Scott law, in which the Gospel news meant avowedly
" Good will to white men," and abolitionism was loathed
as a vulgar and mischievous fanaticism—is as far behind
us to-day for all practical purposes as the England of the
Stuarts, or the France of the Regency. What this means,
for the old world as well as the new, I will not pause to
consider. My estimate. might raise smiles or provoke
criticism amongst us, both of which (good as they
are in their right time and place) lam anxious here to
avoid.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

I prefer at parting to endeavour to put my readers in
sympathy with the spirit, the heart, and conscience, of
the North, in presence of their astounding success. 1 can-
not do this better than by a glance at the Commemoration
of the living and dead soldiers of Harvard University.
Commemoration Day at Harvard, in July, 1865, must in-
deed have stamped itself indelibly on the memories of all
those sons of the first American universities who were
present at the gathering. To me, 1 own, even the meagre
reports ono got over here in the American papers were
unspeakably touching. The irrepressible joy of a people
delivered, after years of stern work and patient waiting,
from an awful btu-then, almost too heavy for mortal
shoulders to bear, tempered, as it was, by the tenderest
sympathy for the families of the fallen, and a solemn
turning to give glory and thanks with full heart to that
God who giveth victory, and healeth wounded spirits,
and standeth above His people as the shadow of a great
rock in a weary land the mingled cry of triumph,
and agony, and trust, and love, which went up from the
very heart of that meeting—must over, to my mind,
rank amongst the most noble, the most sublime pieces of
history of the century in which we are living. Let the
reader consider the following as compared with ordinary
commemoration poetry. The first is the hymn written for
the commemoration service by Robert Lowell :
" Thy work, 0 God, goes on in earth,
With shouts'of war, and harvest songs :
A ready will is all our worth ;
To Thee our Maker all belongs.

"Thanks for our great and dear, who know
To lavish life great 'needs to earn ;
Our dead, our living, brave and true,
To each who served Thee in his turn.

"Show us true life as in Thy Son ;
Breathe through our flesh the Holy Ghost ;
Then earth's strongholds are stormed and won ;
Then man dies faithful at his post.

" They crowd behind us to this shade,
The youth who own the coming years ;
Be never God, or land, betrayed,
By any son our Harvard rears !'•'
My second quotation shall be in a stanza from the Com-
memoration Ode, by the best - known member of the

family, James Russell Lowell, author of the Biglow
Papers:—

Bow down, dear Land, for thou hast found release !
Thy God, in these distempered days,
Hath taught thee the sure wisdom of His ways,
And through thine enemies hath wrought thy peace,
Bow down in prayer and praise !
0 Beautiful! my Country ! ours once more !
Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair
O'er such sweet brows as never other wore,

And letting thy set lips,
Freed from wrath's pale eclipse,
The rosy edges of their smile lay bare,
What words divine of lover or of poet
Could tell our love and maite thee know it,
Among the Nations bright beyond compare ?
What were our lives without thee ?
What all our lives to save thee ?
Wo reck not what we gave then ;
We will not dare to doubt thee ;
But ask whatever else, and we will dare !"

Was ever truer, braver, ring struck out of tho metal
out of which English-speaking men are made ? If so, I for
one have yet to learn when, and where. And now at
this Christmas time, when their tremendous storm-cloud
has broken up, and nothing but a light streak or two
is to be seen in their heavens, let us seize this precious
moment, never to recur again in their or our history, and,
by graceful and loyal word and deed, show them that we
honour, as it deserves, the work they have done for tho
world since the election of 1860, and can sympathise with
their high hopes-for the future of their continent with no
jealousy or distrust, as brethren of the same stock, and
children of the same Father.—Macmillan's Magazine.

American Railway Intelligence.

I(From Messrs. E. F. Satterthwaite and Co's Weekly Circular)
By the Scotia we have advices from New York to the
I 12th instant. The market for Government securities was
reported strong, especially for the 7.30 currency bonds, and
for the issue of 5.20's usually dealt in in European markets.
Railroad Shares were steady at about former quotations,
but State Stocks and Railroad Mortgages were dull and
neglected, most of the best descriptions of the latter being
obtainable at or under par. Money was abundant at for-
mer rates.
Via Crookhaven we have received the following quota-
tions, being to the 16th instant :
United States 5.20's 1031 Erie Common gai
Illinois Centrals 1321 Gold 1461-
The following is the return of the New York Banks :
Discounts. Specie. Circulation. Deposits.
Dec. 2. 229,197,844 13,431,103 15,867,400 175,523,894
Dec. 9. 227,839,344 15,622,780 16,570,613 176,480,52
'TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR NOVEMBER.—Atlantic and Great
Western: 1865, $731,270; 1864, 381,810; increase,
$319,460. Chicago and Rock Island: 1865, $261,141;
1864, $319,815 ; decrease, $58,674. Illinois Central:
1865, $624,968; 1864, 657,141; decrease,'s32,l73. Michi-
gan Central : 1865, $447,669; 1864, $405,509 ; increase,
$42,160. Michigan Southern: 1865, $198,421 ; 1864,
$444,522 ; increase, $53,899.
We give, amongst other traffic returns for November
those of the Illinois Central, and of the Atlantic and. Great
Western Railroads. Taking the present exchange in each
case at $7 to the pound sterling, the former line shows a
gross receipt of £llB per mile for the month, and the latter
£212 per mile ; now, considering that the Illinois Central
has for some time past paid dividends to the shareholders
at the rate of ten per cent. per annum from the traffic
receipts alone, we think the bondholders of the Atlantic
and Great Western cannot but feel perfectly assured that
the resources of the company are fully adequate to meet
all the interest required by them, and leave a large
surplus. •.

*e wish
to draw the attention of our friends to the
absolute necessity of immediately sending out to New
York for registration any Illinois and Erie Shares which
they may hold standing in other than their own names.
If this precaution is not adopted, we fear much diffi-
culty may be experienced in obtaining the forthcoming
dividend.
NOTICES.—We are prepared to cash the following cou-
pons, subject to recourse :—United States Government
Bonds—Erith Fifth Mortgage; 1888, payable Ist Decem-
ber ; Pennsylvania First Mortgage, 1880, payable Ist
January; Philadelphia and Reading, 1886, payable Ist
January Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago, 1912, pay-
able Ist January; Chicago and Rock Island, 1870, payable
10th January.
The Great Western of Canada Traffic is, for week end-
ing—Dec. 8, 1865, £13,025 ss. 2d. sterling, on 315 miles,
or £37 15s. Id. per mile per week. Dec. 9, 1861, £11,632
19s. 2d. sterling, 345 miles, or £33 14s. 4d. per mile per
week.

The Grand Trunk of Canada traffic is, for week end-
ing—Dec. 2, 1865, £31,832/sterling, on 1,377 miles, or £23
2s. 4d. per mile per week. Dec. 3, 1864, £25,466 ster-
ling, on 1335 miles, or £l9 ls. 6d. per mile per week.
The Detroit and Milwaukio traffic is, for the week end-
ing—Dec. 7, 1865, £6,711 6s. sterling, on 189 miles, or
£35 10s. 2d. per mile week. Dec. 8, 1864, £5,670 18s. Id.
sterling, on 189 miles, or £3O per week.
For some days after our last, the London Market for
American securities was very strong, with a decidedly up-
ward tendency, but yesterday, on the receipt of the ad-
vices by the "Scotia," causing some apprehension on the
Mexican question, quotations gave way. The high rates
asked for continuation of stocks to-day has still further
depressed the market, and prices generally are two per
cent. under last week ; United States 5.20 Bonds closing
641 to ; Illinois, 80 to 1; and Erie, 57 to /.
The approaching annual drawing for Sinking Fund of
the Atlantic and Great Western (Pennsylvania First
Mortgage) Bonds has induced some purchases, and the
latest price shows an advance of $l. The New York
Section, First Mortgage, aro also $1 higher, and in the
new Consolidated paid-up Bonds there have been transac-
tions at 80 to 81.
OFFICIAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE WEEK :—United
States 6 per Cent. 5.20 Bonds, 1882: Thursday, 66/ 1 ;
Friday, 661 ; Tuesday, 66} 5/ 651 ; Wednesday; 641 1
541 1-''g. Virginian 6 per Cent. Dollar Bonds : Thursday,
421 ; Friday, 42}. Atlan. and Gt. Western (N.Y. Sect.),
Ist Mrt. Bonds, 1880: Friday, 81; Tuesday, 801 791 ;
do. (Penn. Sect.) Ist Md. Bonds, 1877: Friday, 78};
Wednesday, 791 ; do. do., 2nd do., 1882: Tuesday, 751;
Wednesday, 751; Erie Shares, $lOO, all paid: Thurs-
day, 581 ; Friday, 581 g ; Tuesday, 58 4 ; Wednesday,
57/ 7; do. 6 per Cent. Debenture Scrip: Thursday, 1/
pm. ; Friday, it /pm ; Tuesday, 141 pm; Wednesday,
1} 1 pm. Illinois Central Shares, all paid : Thursday,
82} 2; Tuesday, 811; Wednesday, sot

CLAPHAM JUNCTION.—On Saturday morning
about 7 o'clock one of the platelayers, named Worrell,
working upon the main line of the South-Western Rail-
way, near Clapham Junction, was accidentally caught by a
pilot-engine, and killed instantly, his body being fearfully
crushed by the violence of the blow, which caused his death.
The corpse was taken to the Wandsworth Union.

a.
is not true that the Governor arbitrarily, and on
his own authority, transferred the arch-rebel
TIMES.—A welcome New Year's gift is just pre- Gordon from Kingston to Morant Bay. Gordon
sented to the public in the Report on the Sea was transferred on a warrant issued by the
Fisheries of the kingdom. More opportune assu- custos of Kingston, on the requisition of the autho-
rances could never be given than are here offered to rities of St. Thomas-in-the-East. How far it
us by the Commissioners. At a moment when we is correct to affirm that Gordon was a
are apprehending with only too much reason a loyal and innocent man may be judged from the
scarcity of meat, it is something to learn that there remainder of the Jamaica Guardian, which quotes
is no danger of a scarcity of fish. Nor should any a speech made by him to the excited blacks a short
reader imagine that the two things are not to be time before the late rising, in which he advised the
compared. London consumes as much fish as beef. negroes to " make a second Hayti of Jamaica."
It is estimated that about 300,000 fat cattle, repre- This gives us an insight which we had not before
senting about 90,000 tons of beef, are taken for our into the desperate character and wicked project of
annual supply. But it is also estimated that , the intimate friend and correspondent of Mr.
80,000 tons of " trawled " fish—that is, fish of the I Chamerovzow, the partisan of the Baptist agitator,
larger and finer kinds—enter into our year's con- IDr. Underhill. The commission sent out by Go-
sumption, independently of sprats, herrings, and vernment is now, says Mr. Cardwell, " approach-
shellfish. There is great reason, therefore, to re- ing the shores of Jamaica, and about to enter upon
joice at the announcement that, if the supply of its duties." Sir Henry Storks, and the Recorders
beef should be diminished, that of fish is not likely of London and Leeds, may, however, in a few days,
to fail. In fact, the Report before us will ;gratify be approaching the shores of England without hay
most people, though it will astonish many, and per- ing done anything. It appears that they have no
haps displease a few. We shall best recall the sub- power to call witnesses to examine them on oath
ject to the public mind by repeating the particular without the consent of the Colonial Legislature. The
instructions which the Commissioners received. Jamaica Parliament, which has already solemnly
They were directed to ascertain, first, whether the approved the action of the Governor, may refuse to
supply of fish was increasing, stationary, or di- satisfy itself by authorising a further inquiry into
minishing ; secondly, whether any of the modes of I proceedings of which, from first to last, it has had
fishing in use were wasteful or injurious; and, !perfect cognisance. In this case the Government
thirdly, whether the fisheries were prejudicially ' will find itself in a curious and embarrassing posi-
affected by legislative restrictions. It will be tion. At any rate it is fair to presume that the
understood, of course, that the question is entirely colonists on the spot must be able to form a more
distinct from that of the salmon fisheries and pisci- correct opinion of the danger in which they have
culture in general, which has recently been dis- been placed by this negro rising, and the measures
cussed. It concerns our Sea Fisheries alone, and which were the likeliest to avert that peril which
originated in an alarm entertained for the per- threatened them, than any clique or party of men
manence of our supplies. Many persons were of far away in England. It is not fail.- to those of our
opinion that, in consequence of destructive methods countrymen who, unlike ourselves, are brought into
of fishing, the supply of fish was falling off. daily contact with the negro, to prejudge in favour
We were eating our corn, it was said, in the of the blacks all questions at issue between them
blade, and destroying the sources of future and the white race.
harvests by wanton and improvident antici-
pation of our stock. We scoured the very bot-
tom of the sea with nets so small that no fry
could escape them ; we destroyed the spawn of the
year, and we drove away all the fish that we could
not catch. That was the story bandied about from
mouth to mouth, especially by rival fishermen, and
it acquired no little plausibility from the high mar-
ket price of fish. However, the public will now be
glad to learn, once for all, that there is no ground
whatever for these alarms, and that they are, in fact,
just as unreasonable as the fishmongers' charges.
Although the Commissioners were favoured, of
course, with copious evidence to the contrary, they
" have had no difficulty in coming to the conclusion
that on the coasts of Great Britain the supply of
fish is increasing, and that it admits of progressive
increase." It is amusing to observe how the whole
truth came out. In the very places where the gra-
dual decline of the fisheries was most strongly in-
sisted on it was ascertained that there had been a
gradual increase in the men, boats, and general
machinery employed in the trade. There had also
been a gradual and, indeed, extraordinary increase
in the quantity of fish forwarded from the coast by
railways, insomuch that on four specified lines the
aggregate weight, which had been about 12,000 tons
in 1856, was upwards of 40,000 tons in 1864. No
doubt, the improvement in boats and gear repre-
sents also an extension of work. New fishing-
grounds are brought into service, and the old
grounds are more thoroughly fished. But the Com-
missioners tell us distinctly that the nearest and
most frequented fishing-grounds continue to be as
productive as ever. One of these yielded more
fish in 1863 than in any previous year. The
fact is, the whole story, as gathered by the Com-
missioners, might have been actually worked out
by the light of reason without any evidence at
all. What has happened is precisely what ought
to have happened according to experience and
precedent. Railways have revolutionised the fish-
ing trade. The coast towns have no longer a mono-
poly of supply. Fish trains carry off every boat-
load as it is brought in, till fish becomes as dear at
the seaside as it is a hundred miles from the coast
—perhaps dearer. The great towns of the interior,
too, can be reached from many more points tha
n.
formerly, so that the supply is largely augmented.
At the same time, as in a hundred other instances,
the consumption has increased too, so that the de-
mand keeps pace with the supply, and the price is
pretty well maintained. At Manchester, where
statistics were obtained, it was found that the price
of fish during the last ten years had undergone very
little change. On this subject, however, we must
needs interpose a remark or two. The price of fish
is altogether an unnatural price. We take the case
of London, which, in this instance, is simply the
case of all towns alike. It has already been said
that, ton per ton, the supply of prime fish to the
metropolis is just about as plentiful as the supply of
prime beef. But now look at this difference. The
fisherman receives for his fish about £7 a ton ; the
farmer gets for his beef fully £6O a ton. This, it
will be said, is merely a difference in intrinsic value.
By no means. Although there is so very wide a
discrepancy as regards the producer, there is little
or none as regards the consumer. Any householder
can discover upon calculation that _ a pound of fish
costs him actually as much as a pound of beef or
mutton. In point of fact, while the fisherman who
brings the fish to Billingsgate gets only 3d. or 4d.
a pound for the best sorts, the buyer is charged ls.
or ls. 6d. a pound by the retailer. The Commis-
sioners think some check might be put upon ",this
extravagant rate of profit" by a daily return of Bil-
lingsgate prices, inserted upon official authority in
the newspapers. It is clear enough that such a
profit will bear a very large curtailment.
HERALD.—The Secretary of State for the Colonies
has taken the opportunity afforded him by the annual
meeting of the Society of Ancient Druids to inform
these venerable gentlemen, and' through them the
world, that in issuing a commission to inquire into
the origin and 'suppression of the rebellion in
Jamaica, and in suspending Mr. Eyre from his
functions as Governor of the island, he has not in-
tended any slur on the character of this dis-
tinguished official, nor meant to impugn in
any way the manner in which he has per-
formed his duties in a most eventful crisis. Mr.
Cardwell must entertain very peculiar notions
as to the feelings of a gentleman placed in
such a position as Mr. Eyre ; he must have singular
ideas as to the manner in which a public servant
expects his services to be appreciated by his em-
ployers. The Ancient Druids must be very ancient
indeed in their notions, very much behind the
world in their views of - things in general, and of
the treatment appropriate to governors of colonies
in particular, if they can accept this statement of
Mr. Cardwell's as a satisfactory explanation of his
extraordinary conduct in this matter. To those
who take a simple common-sense view of it it does
seem that to degrade a man from his post, if only
for a time, is an extraordinary way of rewarding
him for having saved a colony ; that to put a go-
vernor of an important dependency on his trial as a
criminal is not the most likely method of recom-
mending him to his subjects, or investing him with
that prestige with which the BriiKsh Government is
in honour bound to invest those lieutenants to whom
it has entrusted so important a charge. The accu-
sation made against Mr. Eyre by the faction whose
foolish bellowing has frightened the Government
into this blunder of superseding him is graver than
the charge of misgovernment : it is an accusation of
nothing less than murder. The commission, if it
means anything, is intended to put Mr. Eyre on his
trial on this charge. The deputation that waited
on Mr. Cardwell made no secret of their desire to
hang the Governor of Jamaica, and the Secretary
did not reprove them when they gave open expres-
sion to the wish. A man who in England is placed
on his trial on a criminal charge may be acquitted
or condemned, but he is thenceforth a disgraced
man. He cannot be admitted into society; he can-
not succeed in any profession or employment ; he
is incapable of discharging the duties of any public
office. Such is the dishonoured future which our
paternal Government, at the dictation of a mob
of fanatics, has prepared for the energetic ruler
who, for having rescued from anarchy and ruin
the Pearl of the Antilles, deserves a mural
crown for good services to the state. Mr. Eyre
has received the thanks of both Houses of the
Legislature in Jamaica, the approbation of every
white man in the colony which, but the other day
was threatened with destruction, the applause of the
immense majority of the people of England. There
is not a servant of the Crown in any part of the
world, there is not a gentleman in England, who
could better have performed his duty under such
trying circumstances. Instead of receiving, as he
doubtless expected, the approval and thanks of the
Imperial Government, Mr. Eyre is solemnly dis-
graced and put on his trial. Whatever the issue
of the investigation may be—and all the news from
the island encourages us to expect the triumphant
exculpation of the Governor—Mr. Eyre can never
resume his functions with any credit or satisfaction
to himself or to the Home Government ; he is more
or less disqualified from holding henceforth any
position of trust or emolument under the Crown. It
becomes clearer every day that in no particular has
he failed in the discharge of his duty. The accusa-
tions levelled against him were derived from a chaos
of imperfect and partial information. The negroes
shot or hung by the officers of her Majesty's troops
were either notorious by the part which they took
in the Morant Bay murders, or apprehended in
flagrante delicto, in arms against the Queen. It is
not true that the Maroons were " let loose on an
unoffending population" or shot down indiscrimi-
nately all whom they met. They were employed
to hunt down a few of the leaders of the insurrec-
tion who had fled for refuge to a mountainous
part of the country unknown to the whites. It

COUNTRY MARKETS.

NORTHAMPTON—DEc. 30.

- - -
New white wheat, 44s to 52s ; new red, 40s to 47s ; old
white, 48s to 53s ; old red, 45s to 50s per 36 stone. Barley
for malting, 36s to 40s per qr. ; grinding, 26s to 37s per 30
stone. Oats, old, 30s to 34s ' • new, 20s to 28s per 24 stone.
Beans, old, 46s to 50s ; new, 36s to 40s per 38 stone. Peas,
34s to 40s per 36 stone.

COLCHEST

at—DEC. 30.

The supply of wheat and barley was rather less ; but all
qualities made last week's prices.
Wheat, white 40s 54s Beans, Afazagan......33B 38s
red 36s 48s Middle and. 5ma11..358 40s
Barley 2Bs 408 Peas, white. 38s 42s
Oats ...20s 25s grey ...36s 408

CHELMSFORD—DEc. 29.
There was a fair trade in wheat at this market to.
day, and former rates were about maintained for the best
samples ; damp and inferior qualities is lower. Spring
corn unaltered.
Wile:lt, old white.... 458 52s Peas, Partridge 37s 42s
new . 43s tOs White ...3(e 39s
old red 393 43s &fling 38s 34s
new. 35s 39s Dun ..31s 35s
Barley .. 24s 318 dit' o, new....—s —44
Chevalier 27a :9s Beans, Tick, old ......3is 37s
Grind.ng 438 6s new....—s e
Malt sBs COs Harrow licks.3sB —8
Chevalier 6cs 624 new....—s -13
Oats .• • 203 26s llazagan . 32s 378

GRANTHAM—DEC. 30.
Old white wheat, 54s to 58s; old red, 48s to 545; new
white, 50s to 56s ; new red, 45s to 50s per 36 stone. Bar-
ley for malting, 35a to 39s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 30s per
30 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 30s ; new, 20s to 26s per 24
stone. Beans, old, 46s to 50s; new, 40s to 44s per 38 stone.
Peas, 35s to 39s per 36 stone.