The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-12 00:00:00

The Sanitary Condition of the City.

The City Commissioners of Sewers reassembled
yesterday at Guildhall after their summer recess of
six weeks. Mr. Deputy De Jersey occupied the
chair, and there was an unusually large number of
members present, most if not all of whom assembled
together for the purpose of hearing Dr. Letheby's
report upon the past and present sanitary condition
of the City.
Dr. Letheby, the medical officer of health for the
City, reported that dUring the six weeks which had
elapsed since the last meeting of the commissioners
the officers had inspected 1,721 houses, and had
made 403 visits to the common lodging-houses of
the City, making a total of 2,124 inspections of
houses. These had resulted in the issuing of 919
orders for sanitary improvement in the following
particulars :-613 cleansing of houses, or parts of
houses; 296 amendments of water supply, and cleans-
ing of cisterns and butts; 165 cleansing and repair-
ing privies; 107 improvements of drainage, trapping
sinks and gullies; 127 orders for removal of dust,
dung, and other refuse, besides summary orders to
abate overcrowding, &c., making a total of 1,717
items of sanitary improvement in 919 houses. In ad-
dition to this the common lodging-houses, and nearly
all the poorer classes of houses in the City, amount-
ing to 3,000 in number, had been disinfected with
chloride of lime from three to seven times over, and
147 of the public courts had been lime-whited with
the view of destroying the filth on the walls. A staff
of 16 men had been employed every night in cleans-
ing, flushing, and disinfecting the 184 courts which
the medical officers considered required it, and the
streets had been daily watered with a solution of
carbolic acid. In the performance of these sanitary
works a staff of from 44 to 90 men had been daily
engaged, in addition to the usual sanitary staff of
the City; and upwards of seven tons of chloride of
lime and 1,000 gallons of carbolic acid, besides a con-
siderable quantity of carbolate of lime, had been used.
Dr. Letheby next reported that in consequence of
the compulsory disuse of the pumps in the City a
large number of stand pipes, provided with a constant
supply of water, had been erected, and that great
assistance had been afforded in this matter by the
New River and East London Water Companies. In
consequence of the additional duty which devolved
on the Commissioners of Sewers by the provisions
of the Public Health Act of 1866, with regard to the
supervision of the sanitary condition of the shipping
within the confines of the City, the inspector of
shipping had inspected 53 vessels, chiefly steamers,
lying at Fresh Wharf and Brewer's Quay, and car-
rying passengers and cargo. Six of these were
found defective in respect of the cleanliness and
ventilation of the forecastle, where the crew sleep,
and the captain of one of them had died of cholera,
and his body was taken to an undertaker's in Fore-
street, Cripplegate, where it was kept until it was
buried.

Dr. Letheby further reported that the markets,
slaughter-houses, and cow-houses of the City had
been duly inspected and that the officers had con-
demned about 30,0001 b. of meat as unfit for human
food; It consisted of 84 sheep, 62 pigs, 109 quarters
of beef, and 928 joints of meat, besides 327 rabbits,
171 ducks, 55 geese, 2 hares, and 1 buck, all of
which had been destroyed. He recommended that
in four cases the matter should be further investi-
gated, with a view to legal proceedings, and he re-
ported four .cases in which fines had been inflicted
for exposing unwholesome food and putrid hides for
sale in the City markets.

_
Dr. Letheby next reported that the mortality re-
turns for the last six weeks (319 deaths) were a little
above the average (290) for the corresponding period
of the last ten years. Rather more than one-third
of the deaths (109) had been among children of less
than five years of age, and 75 bad been among per-
sons at 60 and upwards. The chief causes of death
were as follow :-I'hthisis, 33 ; mesenteric disease, 16 ;
hydrocephalus, 4; pneumonia,7 ; bronchitis, 9 ; con-
tinued fever,s ; smallpox,s ; scarlet fever,9 ; erysipelis,
4 ; measles, 11; croup, 2; cholera and choleraic
diarrhcea, 65 ; and common diarrhcea, 24, making
together 53 deaths from tubercular diseases, 16 from
inflammatory affections of the lungs, and 129 from
diseases of a zymotic character. Of the 65 deaths
from cholera and choleraic diarrhea, 12 occurred
in the workhouses, which are not in the City, and
of the remainder (53), 12 were among children of
less than five years of age. So also of the 24 deaths
from common diarrhcea, five were in the workhouses,
and of the remainder five only were among adults.
In the corresponding period of the last ten years
the average mortality in the City from alvine flux
had been only five among adults, instead of 65, and
22 among children instead of 24. But, although
the
mortality has been excessive, yet it has not
reached
to anything like the proportion of the neigh-
bouring districts, or even the general average for
the whole of the metropolis. In the eastern dis-
tricts of London thg deaths from cholera and cho-
leraic diarahcea during the last six weeks have been
at the rate of about 375 per 100,000 of population,
and in all London it has been at the rate of nearly
100 per 100,000, whereas in the City it has
only been about 47 per 100,000 of the inhabitants,
and the mortality from diarrhcea has beCn but
14 per 100,000, while in the other districts of
the metropolis it has ranged from
was
froni26intoclin6eldpteor
100,000 of the people.
think, firaolcetbais,
inthattheCity h
a large proportion n
rn
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othero er
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cated by the sickness returns for t
' proportion forth e
i.
from diarrhcea was so low. This whase
Cfuirtythuerniienndsi-,
which showed that of nearly 1,500 cases. of diar-
rhcea attended by the union medical officers of the
East and West London unions, only five were re-
ported as having terminated fatally. Even the
cases which were entered as cholera must have
been of a singularly mild type, as out of five of 142
which had been returned as cases of cholera, only
13 had terminated fatally, the usual mortality being
about one-third. In point of fact, although the
amount of sickness recorded on the books of the
medical visitors was unusually large, yet it was un-
usually mild, for of 2,393 cases of alvine disorder
attended during the last few weeks by the union
medical officers only 21 had terminated fatally.
The contrast of this condition of things in the City
wtchiiettryhewl,
vwheairtkthihtaehad been during the same period in the
uspeepautlaßtrieonmloefy wlesass
ratehroaasntasBntodrioking
diarrhoea, while in: the whole of the City
with its 46,000 inhabitants, there had been but
' eleven deaths from cholera and six from diarrhcea..
The death-rate from cholera
.in the City
Work-
house had been nearly 400 per 10,000 persons,
four persons,;for
population
from
there had been 27 deaths from chol

while in the very heart of the City it had been only
about 2 per 10,000 persons. In fact, if the City mor-
tality had been equal to that of the City Workhouse,
there would have been 3,800 deaths from cholera
instead of 53. He would not pretend to account
for the remarkable difference in the intensity of the
disease, but in so far as it related to the City it was
a subject of sincere thankfulness that its ravages had
been confined within so narrow a circle.

Upon the motion of Mr. Pedler, these reports of
Dr. Letheby were unanimously adopted, and
ordered to be printed and circulated among the
members of the court and the various boards of
City guardians.

The chairman then moved that the special com-
mittee appointed on the 31st of July to execute the
powers of the Nuisance Removal Acts be continued,
and also empowered to carry into effect the provi-
sions of the act 29th and 30th, Vic., cap. 90 (the
Sanitary Act, 1866), within the City of London,
and to continue to carry out the provisions of the
said acts for the removal of nuisances, &c., and to
report from time to time to this court.

This motion was also unanimously adopted, and
the court was also engaged until a late hour in the
disposal of summonses and other business.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, Sept. 11.
It is quite evident that the citizens of Dublin do
not care much about the politics of the Lord Lieu-
tenant. They would prefer that he had no politics
at all, like the Sovereign whom he represents. They
do not see the use of his being a busy statesman,
because even if his views were acceptable to all Irish
parties, he has no power to give them effect. What
they wish for is a splendid Court, a noble family at
the head of society, who live in a style becoming the
dignity of the Viceroy of this ancient kingdom.
They have got all this at present, and they are de-
lighted at the change, irrespective of all political

considerations. The popularity of the present Vice-
regal Court was strikingly evinced yesterday in the
crowds which filled the Exhibition Palace, notwith-
standing the boisterous state of the weather, because
it was announced that the Lord Lieutenant would
be present.
Some months ago, as your readers may remember,
Mr. Robert Tennant, a gentleman of position and
property in the county of Down, paid a visit to his
brother-in-law and neighbour, Mr. Delacherois, who
resides near Donaghadee. It was on a Sunday, after
Divine service, that he entered the house of his re-
lative, who held out his hand to welcome him.
While he did so Mr. Tennant assaulted him with
such violence that he left him almost insensible on
the floor. The cause of the assault was not fully re-
vealed on the trial, but it was understood that it was
committed to avenge some real or imaginary injury,
of which Mrs. Delacherois had complained to her
brother. However that may be, the victim of the
outrage did all in his power to save his assailant
from the punishment due to his offence. But the

udge did not think it right that he should be
allowed to escape the consequences of his crime
because he was a gentleman and a magistrate. He
was accordingly sentenced to be imprisoned in the
county gaol for 12 months. Soon after his confine-
ment it was remarked by Dr. Maconchy, the medical
attendant of the gaol, that confinement and
prison fare had not the usual effects on the appear-
ance of Mr. Tennant. He mentioned this singular
fact to the Governor, Mr. Echlin, whose suspicions
were thereby excited, and he then spoke to the only
member of his family who was likely to contravene
the prison rules in this case, commanding that per-
son in the most emphatic manner to abstain from
doing so, and insisting upon a solemn promise to
that effect. But unfortunately for him the promise
was not kept. On the 25th of last month three
members of the Board of Superintendence, with
Mr. J. S. Crawford, went through the county gaol
at Downpatrick. Mr. Tennant was then out for
exercise. On entering his cell one of the visitors
thought he smelt spirits. He removed a newspaper
which lay in a corner of the floor, and found two
bottles of whisky, and a third bottle which con-
tained rum. Other luxuries were subsequently
found concealed under the bed—among the rest,
bottles of eau-de-cologne, scented soap, perfumery,
tea, sugar, cigars, novels, a number of accounts for
the supply of miscellaneous " extras," and a mass
of correspondence. These discoveries being reported
to the Board of Superintendence, then sitting, Mr.
Tennant was removed to another cell, the one which
he had occupied since March was locked up and
sealed, the matter was.reported to the Inspectors-
General of Prisons, in Dublin Castle, and Mr. Len-
taigne went down to investigate the matter. The
correspondence, which was of the most private and
confidential character, revealed the fact that the
prisoner had been supplied with the luxuries through
the agency of the member of the Governor's family
to whom allusion has been made. When called
before the Board and asked for an explanation, the
Governor was confounded, and he solemnly dis-
claimed all knowledge of the infraction of the rules,
imploring their merciful consideration of his case
after nearly 20 years of faithful service. He wrote
a letter to this effect, offering to resign on cons-
tions ; but fearing that he would be dismissed and
deprived of all chance of a retiring pension, this
letter was withdrawn, and he tendered an un-
conditional resignation of the governorship, which
was accepted. With regard to the other officers of
the gaol who were held responsible for the irregula-
rities the decision of the board was as follows:
" That Mr. Waterworth, the Deputy-Governor, be fined
£2O, and severely reprimanded; Mr. Stevenson, the Local
Inspector, to be fined £25, and severely reprimanded ;
Koster Jennings, turnkey, to be dismissed; James Hunter,
turnkey, to be dismissed ; and Nathanial Yates, turnkey,
to be fined £3, and severely reprimanded."
The Belfast TVhig states that for the Governor
there is universal sympathy in Downpatrick :
"He is now, and has been for some time past, in ailing
health. He is wholly unfitted for any new employment;
and of the broad acres once owned by the Echlins of Echlin-
ville, stretching from Portaferry up to Belfast, not a rood
descended to him. Under these circumstances, a strong de-
sire is expressed by all parties that tho Board of Superin-
tendence should make a liberal recommendation in his
favour to the grand jury, which body should grant him a
retiring allowance proportioned to his lengthened and
honourable service."

The members of the board who conducted the in-
quiry with the Inspector-General were Col. Forde,
M.P., Mr. A. H. Montgomery, D.L., Mr. J. W.
Maxwell, D.L., Major Nugent, D.L., Mr. R. Heron,
D.L., Captain Despard, J.P., Mr. Wm. Keown,
J.P., Rev. J. C. Gordon, J.P., Mr. Robt. Gordon,
J.P., Rev. J. H. Freke, and Rev. J. F. Gordon,
rector of Annahilt. They adopted a resolution to
exclude the press, which has given rise to various
rumours with respect to the nature of the correspon-
dence, which probably have no foundation.

The Prince of Wales, as lord of the manor of
Kennington, has given £5OO to the Bishop of Winchester's
South London Church Extension Fund.—South London
Press.

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uth best Ee
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