The Sun.
London, England, 1832-10-02 00:00:00

mit

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1832.

The Conference which was held yesterday
afternoon at the Foreign Office was adjourned
until the evening, when another meeting took
place, but we regret to state, without any deci-
sion having been come to, although the sitting
lasted until past one o'clock this morning. Lord
PALMERSTON and the French Ambassador, Nl-
de MAREIUL, were firm ; but there was not
such a display of cordiality on the part of the
Representatives of Russia, Austria, and Prussia,
as to justify a hope that measures of a decisive
character will be adopted against Holland in the
name of the Conference. The Members of the
Conference are to meet again this evening, and
we shall be able to announce to-morrow whether
the Holy Alliance Plenipotentiaries have sue•
ceeded in procuring new delay, or whether Lord
PALMERSTON and the French Ambassador have
resolved on maintaining the character of their
respective Courts, in spite of the menaces of the
King of HOLLAND and the Powers by which
he is backed in the Conference.

At present every thing indicates that another
meeting will pass off without a decision, and that
the exquisite foolery of diplomatic courtesy At"
be continued for some days longer. What is the
reason that the Cabinets of France and England
do not come to a determination to make then?
selves respected and feared by those of the H°ll
Alliance ? Is it in the hope of avoiding wat
that these repeated delays are granted, and that
so many attempts are made to conciliate Russian
Prussia, and Austria? If so, the policy is
mistaken one. There are some men who are t°
be taught moderation and justice only by the
conviction of the chastisement which must atter'
their persisting in error. Such men are the
Sovereigns of the Holy Alliance. Every eters
yielded to them by Great Britain and France 1,
a step in advance by them ; and just in prolOr
tion as we abate in our just demands, do the);
raise their pretensions. The only guarantee i°,
the duration of peace is the manifestation of 0
readiness to go to war, rather than submit t°
compromise affecting our interests and our bon°

,116-
11:1
We are requested to state that Sir Jo
he
MILLEY DoYLE, who is about to give his v3A
Portug.,
anbevleerairderituoirtehde
or Constitutionalaspiredto tchaeusecoinm
Chief of the army of Don PEDRO. We belittle
that Sir JOHN MILLEY DaYLE will, in Ili
event of his going out to Portugal, cheer
fli,4
submit to the orders of the Count de VII'II
FLoR, for whom he entertains great respect °ci;
esteem, and that none of the jealousy 01,110
might be supposed to exist in the mind of 0;
officer of older rank and experience than C°llo,
VILLA FLOR will influence our brave fell°io
countryman. Sir JOHN MILLEY DoYOIO,
one of the oldest general officers in the Pt?
guese service, but Count VILLA FLOR eflJ
the confidence of the EMPEROR, and as he
mand.ero
gladly avail himself of the suggestions 0f to
JoIIN MILLEY DOYLE, the latter may ren4e4
effectual aid as if he were in the chief cool° 9
of the army. We hear that the force under
JOHN DOYLE will be considerable.

A Correspondent of the Times states "ilit
there are Jour Lieutenant-Colonels borne og
pt
strength . of the 16th Lancers, which regirileeil
is now serving in India. If this be so, we °I/et.,
not wonder at the Army Estimates ; buts e,
formed Parliament will correct these abij
with an unsparing hand. If Ministers WeOsj4
patronize or promote the fprmatiop raltr°-ra
throughout the kingdom, onp half' of the arof
might be dispensed with, and some millions 3101,1
saved in the estimates, while employment w° De
be afforded to thousands, and the iron trade
ej
considerably relieved from its present depresui,l
condition. If unity be strength, what WD

more conduce to its attainment in a military
Point of view than ready communication ? Our
insular position is peculiarly calculated for giving
the greatest possible effect to railroads. Troops
Might, in cases of emergency, be transported
from London to the extremity of the kingdom
in the same time that a regiment now takes to
go 15 or 20 miles, with this obvious advantage,
that they would arrive without undergoing fa-
tigue, and be consequently fresh for immediate
action. Besides, as a matter of economy, there
would be no comparison. Railroads through-
out the country would give the Ministry, sitting
in London, all the moral force of personal übi-
quity. Nor would the advantage be confined
to the ruling powers ; the people at large,
those in remote districts, would participate in the
benefit, by the facility of appeal to head-quarters,
whether in matters of business or oppression. This
very fact would operate as a most salutary check
on the undue exercise of Magisterial authority
by many persons who at present play " such
fantastic tricks" with perfect impunity.
In fact, so great, in our opinion, is the capabi-
lity of a well-organized system of railroads, that if
the Government took up the subject in a proper
spirit of liberality, they might render it mainly
conducive, not only to the present reduction of
our heavy expenditure, but eventually to the
extinction of the National Debt. What sceptics
in this matter may say has been prophesied long
ago by the unbelievers in the efficacy of steam
in its application to machinery ; and now behold
the boundless advantages resulting from this mi-
raculous agent ! Yet a little longer, and what
further benefits may society not expect from the
universal diffusion of a power which is at present
only in its infancy ?

We are glad to learn by a communication,
which will be found in another part of The Sun,
that the silly squabbles and bickerings which lately
deformed the management of the London Uni-
versity are now all at an end ; that (in the words
of Dr. ELLIOTSON) " the University is now
prospering ; all labour assiduously,—all are ani-
mated with the liveliest desire to promote the
institution. One good feeling pervades all ; and
each is willing to postpone his own immediate
advantage to the general good."

A wolf in sheep's clothing is now endeavour-
ing to penetrate into the fold of improvement,
and we deem it a duty forthwith to expose him.
In other words, a writer, styling himself PHILO-
MALTHUS, under the pretence of publishing a
pamphlet in favour of the abolition of the poor
rates, has put forth a most blundering argument
for the continuance of what he calls a just pro-
tection to the agricultural interest of this country.
In the outset we will tell him that the corn laws
do not protect the agriculturalist, as he ought to
know ; and, next, that if they did, in the sense
he would have them, it would be a most mons-
trous injustice to the rest of the community.

With the opening part of his pamphlet we
concur to a considerable extent, and we marvel
how any man who so clearly sees that it is gene-
rally wrong to distribute money or food to the
Poor, because, although you benefit the indivi-
duals relieved, others are injured in as great or
greater proportion, does not also see that to
Counteract the law of nature in any other way
Must be likewise injurious. The first position
jo which the author betrays his ignorance is in
the following paragraph and the note appended
to it :..._

" The poor's rate, at least the greater part of it*, is in
the first instance advanced by the farmer, and is after-
-I:l!trds repaid to him with a profit in the increased price of
ma produce. It, therefore, operates as a tax upon con-
'otoption, and is eventually paid al; ke by all men, high
and low, rich and poor, in the increased price of the 'woes-
s"' of life, and by each of these in proportion to the
quantity which he consumes."
There is a good deal of confusion in the text
and note here, which we will endeavour to clear up.
A tax upon any article of consumption of which
there is no limit to the supply, most undoubt-
edly falls upon the consumer. The consumer
Pays the poor's-rate on the premises of the ma -
nufacturer of cloth, or any other article, because
the cloth will not be produced unless the manu-
facturer can cover all his expenses, of which the
poor-rate is one, and get the usual rate of profit
besides. The case is very different with land, or
any other indestructible property. The landlords
cannot increase or diminish the supply of land,
and therefore upon it the poors'-rate must fall,
and not upon the consumer of its produce, or
at any rate not so immediately as in the case of
a manufacture. If the poor-rate fall so heavily
upon land as, upon cultivation, to leave nothing
over the average rate of profit for rent, it will
be thrown upon the landlord's hands ; and.
if he should not be able to cultivate at
the average rate of profits, it will be thrown
out of cultivation altogether ; and that operation
continually going on will raise the price of corn,
and so make the consumers suffer on account
of the poor's rate ; but as long as there is rent
derived from land, the landlord pays the poor-rate
Just as much as he does tithe. Our author, a
few pages further on, admits as:much, but does
not appear to see that it cuts down his previous
Position.

As he proceeds he gets more and more in-
volved in confusion and contradiction, till he
comes. to the maintenance of the broad propo-
spliT'pen
tthh_at a protecting duty is necessary to
footing/1 grower and importer upon an equal
We will pass over the robbery which
is intended by this against the manufacturers,
and at once come to the question of—whether
the iniquitous attempt of the Aristocracy has
succeeded ? We ask our author whether " the
protecting duty," framed by the landlords, has
protected them ? Whether, ever
since it was
imposed, matters have not been getting from bad
to worse ? Whether the importations of foreign
corn have not marvellously increased ? Whether
the poor's rate, instead of falling, as it ought,
with the fall in prices, has not frightfully in-
creased'? 'Whether land ip not every day being
thrown out of cultivation, and that, too, as well
as the increase of the poor's rate, on account of

• That part of the poor's rate which is levied upon the oc-
cupiers of houses of residence, is in fact paid by them, and
really operates as a direct tax upon revenue. That part which
is paid by merchants and manufacturers, and the proprietors of
coal mines, is returned to them in the price of their goods. The
Money, whep expended, goes towards indemnifying the farmer.

the iniportation of the foreign corn they wished
to exclude ?—lt has ; it has. That overruling
Providence which has decreed that injustice, in
any shape, should carry with it its own punish-
ment, has not reversed its immutable laws, and
the miserable, ignorant, short-sighted selfishness
which dictated the conduct of the landlords at
the close of the war, is now, and has been for
years, pouring its fruits upon their heads.
How much longer will they piggishly swim
against the stream ? How much longer do they
think the nation will submit to be starved, in
order to give them the satisfaction of fancying
that they are picking their neighbours' pockets ?
We can tell them how long it will be—just so
long as the people are ignorant of the true ope-
ration of the different laws by which they are op-
pressed. Let them once generally see through
the flimsy pretences on which the Corn Laws
are supported, and they must fall, and " leave
not a wreck behind."
Let the landlords then be wise; let their real
friends—let those whose interest is bound up in
the prosperity of the whole community, theirs
included, persuade them to yield in time, and
their fears and prejudices may be consulted by
a gradual abolition of the Corn Laws; but let
them much longer resist, and t heir fate will be
that of the opponents of Reform.

EAST INDIA COMPANY'S INDIGO SALE.

This morning the East India Company's quarterly
sale of Indigos commenced at the India House. The
attendance of merchants, manufacturers, and others in-
terested in the articles, was not by any means so nu-
merous as at many previous sales. The total quantity of
Indigo announced for sale, including Company's and li-
censed goods, was 4,823 bales, the greater proportion of
which was Bengal, and only a small portion of Madras
sorts. Not a single chest was withdrawn preparatory to
the commencement of the sale, which is rather a remark-
able circumstance. The quotations first up realized from
3s. 10d. to 4s. Bd. per lb., which are fair prices. The
sale will not conclude for some days.
THE OIL TRADE.—In consequence of the very favour-
able accounts which were received yesterday from the
Fisheries, a considerable reduction has taken place already
in Fish Oils. Greenland Oils, which sold last week at
301. 10s., do not find buyers to-day at 26/. Cod Oil has
fallen to 34/., South Sea to 271., Pale Seal to all.,
Brown ditto to 261. per tun. The prices are expected to
he still lower, but the export demand will then increase
business. Whalebone (Greenland and full sized) has fallen
from 1701. to 1401. per ton.

THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK

By the French mail this morning we have the following.
The King of Holland has sent to Prussia, Austria, and to
other members of the German Confederation, a pressing
note to claim the execution of their engagements to assist
him, on his application, to defend his right to Luxembourg,
and in case they comply with his request, 135,000 to
140,000 troops of the Confederation will march to his
assistance, and drive the Belgians from the Duchy of
Luxembourg, after which they will take a position on the
frontiers of France.

The French Papers state that they have reason to be-
lieve from the last despatches received, that their Minister
at Madrid had represented to the King of Spain the great
danger, on his death, of leaving the kingdom exposed to a
contention for the legitimate succession to the throne.
Accordingly the French Ambassador is trying to persuade
Ferdinand to convoke the ancient Cortes to adopt measures
agreeable to the ancient Castillian Legislature.
Bombay Papers to the 26th of May, and New Bruns-
wick to the Qd of September, have been received at the
North and South American Coffee .house.