The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 17, 1859•

you direct its course wisely it will be a source o,
fertility to the land through which it flows.
(Applause.) Something like that is what this
country ought to do, and what I think it is now
doing in respect of education. If the lower orders
are to be raised to political power in this
country, to make that a blessing you must
cultivate the lower orders for discharging the
duties to be thrown upon them. (Hear, hear.)
Therefore it is that I think the University of
Oxford conferred the largest benefit that it had
in its power to confer upon this country at large
when, passing simply from the education of the
higher orders, and those who were destined for the
Church, it spread out its hands in a frank and li-
beral spirit to all classes of society, and offered to
connect everybody with itself, in a certain measure,
who would only fit himself for it by proper applica-
tion. (Applause.) It is obvious, and everybody
must see, that the more the classes of society
lower than those who may be able to take the bene-
fit directly of university education avail themselves
of this privilege, the more will they fit themselves
for all those acts of power and administration of
government to which in the course of things they
may probably be called. (Hear.) I do not forget that
several gentlemen have to come after me, and that
I ought not to occupy very much more of your time.
(Hear, hear, and applause.) But if I have satisfied
you that the delegates and the University are en-
titled to your thanks, not merely for the wise con-
ception of their plan, but for the strictly impartial
and discriminating execution of it, let me ask you
how are we to show our gratitude to them ? No'
merely by the thanks we are to pass to-day, but
avert' much more important and permanent manner.
We may divide those who are here present into the
public, whom the spectators represent ; the school-
masters, who have been directly affected by this
measure of the University; and the most interest-
ing class of all, the young gentlemen who have been
here to-day to receive the certificates from the Uni-
versity. 'With regard to ourselves, I hope our course
is a clear and a plain one. If any one of you have
seen the circulars, it will be found that the original
funds for carrying out the local examinations for the
distribution of prizes, and for the expenses of this
meeting, are now exhausted. I should be extremely
sorry, and I think the inhabitants of this great
county would be wanting, if they suffered this an-
nual celebration to fall to the ground. (Hear, hear.)
I hope that although upon the present occasion we
hate not been able to present to the young men who
have come here any distinct prizes, yet that before
next year comes round we shall be in a position to
resume that excellent practice. (Hear, hear.) Do
not let it be said that in so doing we are presum-
ing, in the county of Devon, to think that we can
add any value to what the University has done for
these young men. Above all things let them re-
member that nothing can be given in this county
equal to the honour which they have now achieved
of being associated with the University of Ox-
ford. They will carry it with them wherever
they go. It may have struck you as an inte-
resting circumstance that some of those individuals
who have laboured and acquired honour, are now
gone out into the world—some to sea, some to one
place, some to another —some of them hardly know-
ing the honour which they have achieved. But I
will venture to say that when the young midship-
man or the young man in the merchant service, now
ploughing the main, returns to this country, he will
rejoice to receive the piper that will then be handed
to him ; and come what will in future life, the
young man will always think it an honour to have
passed such an examination as to be able to call
himself an Associate in Arts of the University of
Oxford.
(Applause.) Do not let it be supposed that
..rkes o fi
wo are interfering with the University in that way.
ngwrahtiiteuhde
we
htoold Oxford—as
what
Oxford—a s
tokena
ha
of the estimation s
But as a ma
done for
h
ill if,
uponta future eyoung men—l think we should do
occasion, we did not reward the
successful candidat
I think I have omitted
sevith some prizes. (Hear.)
it
to speak to you of the local
examiner. Some of
gentler tlr may not know what an
onerous duty the g
office has to perform.
For at:
many as seven or eight
successive days he is confined to a room superintend-
ing and taking part in these examin •
ations. The
labour, I believe, is so extreme that it would have
been impossible for a single gentleman to have done
it, if he had not been assisted by kind volunteers.
My friend Mr. Acland is always ready to lend his
help. lam sure that you will go along with me in
saying that these volunteer assistants ought to be in-
cluded in the resolution. (Hear.) I
_ now pass on to

the second class of those who are called upon to re-
turn thanks to the University of Oxford—l mean
the schoolmasters of the country who have taken
part, or who shall take part, in preparing pupils for
these examinations. They must feel that their posi-
tion is considerably raised by it. When I say raised,
don't let me be supposed for one moment to imply
that it is a profession that is required in the estima-
tion of society to be raised. My grandfather was a
schoolmaster. I was a pupil of an uncle whom I
loved and honoured as my father. I was a pupil at
Eton of a cousin whom I loved as an elder brother.
One of mybrothers, as many of you know, has been
for years labouring in the school at Eton—success-
fully, I may say, certain diligently—for a great
number of years as assistant-master. I come of a
family of schoolmasters; and let me assure those
who are here of that profession that I hold that
part of my descent with as much pride, and greater
pride, than I do my being able to trace it upon the
other side to a gentleman who happened to be Lord
Mayor of London for several successive years in the
reign of King Henry 111. (Hear, and applause.) I
look upon my schoolmaster's descent as the more
noble of the two ; and I am perfectly certain that
not only the schoolmasters now assembled, but all
the intelligent persons who are here, will go along
with me in that feeling. (Hear, hear.) Schoolmas-
ters will feel not merely that their labours are
brought more into the sunshine, and that they re-
ceive the reward which it is no shame for any man
to be proud of receiving, when they produce their
successful candidates ; but the more intelligent
among them will receive extremely useful hints by
the course the examinations have taken, as to the
best means of discharging their duty. (Hear.) I
will not go into details in which I might run my-
self aground, for despite all my lineage I am not so
practically acquainted with the subject as many
others now here. But there is one thing I would
venture to point out. I would press upon them the
importance of that which the University of Oxford
adhere to, to the great disappointment of many
persons—namely, the sticking to the elements, an
saying that nothing shall supersede accuracy in the
lower and rudimental parts of education. (Hear.)
I do not know how that may be with some masters
in this county. I can speak for myself, and one near
me (Mr. Sillifant) will bear me out. My good uncle
—it is now nearly 60 years ago, for I began my
Latin before I was six years of age—when we came
to a new book, I remember especially Homer, said,
"Now, boys, this is a new language. You have
been reading Xenophon and Lucian. You are now
going to read Homer; he spoke in a different lan-
guage, he thought in a different way from the
authors you have read. Let us go by steps." Every
word, little or great, every noun and verb, every
single word in that book did he make us give an
account of. For the first fortnight, three weeks, or
a month, about five lines took an hour to get
through; and very tedious it must have been to a
man who possessed great delicacy of mind, and
could enter into the whole beauty of the poet as a
poet. Yet be submitted to that drudgery because
he knew well how it would pay. The consequence
was that at the end of a month we knew the book
we had gone through—the 100 or 200 lines—so ac-
curately that we might be said, as far as boys could
do, to know the book. We knew it grammatically,
and nothing came too hard for us after that. That
I venture to suggest as an example that might be
of use to all schoolmasters. (Hear, hear.) I have
said I do not know how this is in this county among
the masters. I have not the smallest doubt how it
must have been with those whose pupils have been
successful. I will tell you a story which I have upon
the best possible authority. It does not apply to
any schoolmaster here, or within many hundred
miles of this county. An examiner was about, and
he had a class before him—the first class in arith-
metic. They were able to answer questions ; they
had gone through all the higher branches of arith-
metic, and were prepared to answer anything. But
he said, " I will give you a sum in simple addition."
He accordingly dictated a sum, and cautiously in-
terspersed a good many ciphers. Suppose, for in-
stance, he said " a thousand and forty-nine." He
found there was not one in the class who was able
to put down that sum in simple addition ; they
could not make count of the ciphers. That showed
him the boys had been suffered to pass over far too
quickly the elementary parts of arithmetic. (Hear,
hear.) The examiner took them in grammar, and
quoted a few lines from Cowper—
" I am monarch of all I survey,
My right there is none to dispute."
" What governs right ?" There was not a boy
could say, till it was put to them " none to dispute
my right." Then
" The beasts that roam over the plain,
Ilpform with indifference see."
None could tell what governed " see," or what "see"
governed after it. These are instances that I think
it not useless to mention, for the purpose of draw-
ing the attention of intelligent schoolmasters to the
necessity of attending—not merely once in the be-
ginning, but going back from time to time—to the
elements. (Hear, hear, and applause.) To the third
class, the young men whom I see before me, I shall
simply say a few words, for they have already-heard
an excellent address from my friend, Sir John Ken-
naway. I am sure you will feel that you are bound
to be extremeiy thankful to the delegates and the
local examiners for the trouble they have taken,
and for the excellent manner in which the Oxford
examinations have been carried out. (Hear, hear.)
I beg of yon, much as I said to you last year, to
consider that above all things, in yourpresentsitua•
tion, industry and attention are the things you
should hold by. Do not let the honours you have
received induce you to go sleep and to say " I have
done enough." If so, it is the greatest misfortune
that you have attained honours. (Hear. hear.) If,
on the contrary, they encourage you to further
exertion, then no one can say how great the benefit
may le. (Hear, hear.) Let me impress upon you
that tne best motto you can take for yourselves in
this respect is that which was taken by amost emi-
nent man, who made his woy from a hair-dresser's
shop to be Chief Justice Tenterden. What was his
motto ? When a man is made a judge he is made
a sergeant, and as sergeant he gives rings to some
of the great officers of State, with a motto upon it.
His motto was " Labore." He did not refer to his
own talents. It was not " invita Minerva." To
his immortal honour be it said—from the hair-
dresser's shop in Canterbury to the Free School in
Canterbury ; from the Free School in Canterbury
to Corpus Christi College; from Corpus Christi
College to the bar ; from the bar to the bench :
from the bench to the peerage—he achieved all
with unimpeachable honour, and always practising
that which was his motto at last. One of the most
gratifying scenes I have ever witnessed was when
that man went up to the House of Peers in his robes
for the first time, attended by the whole bar of
t England. (Hear' hear.)

THE HOP MARKET.

The following is from the annual trade circular
of Messrs. Woollaton and Son, respecting the hop
market :

In the early part of the summer a few parishes
in Sussex, the Weald of Kent, Farnham, and Wor-
cester were severely attacked with vermin, much
speculation took place, and there was a rapid ad-
vance in the value of hops. The duty was estimated
so low as £140,000, but weather of the most fa- ,
vourable character removed all prospects of a
blight, the re-action in the market was severe, sales
were almost impossible, and we have now to report
that a duty of £280,000 is expected to be realised.
From the samples at present on offer we antici-
pate that the growth of 1859 will not be less re-
markable for choiceness of quality than for being
the fifth crop in succession greatly beyond the ave-
rage in quantity. As prices cannot fail to be very
reasonable a great demand is to be expected. The
best districts of Middle and East Kent have been
entirely exempt from vermin, and from them is
grown an immense crop of the highest quality.
This result, coupled with the fact that the best hop
growing districts in Bavaria have this seak on a crop
largely in excess of their necessities for home con-
sumption, ought to operate against exorbitant prices
being given on this market for golden hops. It
will be remembered that last year the Continent of
Europe was compelled to import from England a
very large quantity of hops, and thereby contri-
buted to the rise which took place in our market.
No similar demand can be expected this year.
The consumption for home and export trade con-
tinues to increase ; but notwithstanding occasional
failure from blight so does the growth of hops in-
crease. From the year 1792 to the present time,
the gross produce of each period of ten years has
gradually increased, so that the last eight years
from 1852 to 1859 inclusive, have given a total
duty of £1,852,000, or an annual average ,of
£234,000; being an increase of more than 40 per
cent. over the average of the preceding ten and
twenty years. During the same period, the in-
crease of acres under cultivation has been only 9
per cent., according to the Parliamentary return.
These facts suggest the consideration as to how far
modern improvements in cultivation operate on the
production of such immense crops as the past five
years have witnessed. Of course, failures in the
crop must and will recur at some period ; and with
the greatly increased consumption, a growth falling
short of the necessities of the trade would greatly
enhance prices, and a saleable value might be put
on those parcels of old hops remaining in the
hands of speculators, for which, at the present
time, it is difficult to name any quotations.

CRYSTAL PALACE. --' ONE SHILLING DAY.
FRlDAY.—Admission on payment, 2,214; ditto by seascn
tickets, 366; total visitors, 2,577.

40,107
2,578

1,600
8,037

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a —Miss Elizabeth Yeo-
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Cure No. 48,721.—General Baron de Zaluskowski, of
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THE DISASTER IN CHINA.

(From the Gazette of last evening.)
ADMIRALTY, SEPT. 16.
A despatch, of which the following is a copy, has been
received by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
from Rear-Admiral James Hope, C. 8., Commander-in-
Chief of her Majesty's ships and vessels on the East India
and China Station :

Chesapeake, Gulf of Pechili,
July 5, 1859.
Sir,—l request you will inform the Lords Commissioners
of the Admiralty, that having on the 17th ult., arrived off
the Nand of Sha dui-tien, in the Gulf of Pechili, where I
reported in my letter, No. 66, of the 11th ult., the squadron
had been directed to rendezvous, I proceeded on the follow-
ing day to the mouth of the Peiho River, with the object
of intimating to the local authorities the intended arrival of
the Hon. Frederick Bruce, her Majesty's Plenipotentiary
and Envoy Extraordinary, and Monsieur do Bourboulon,
Minister of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the
French, and of reconnoitring the existing state of the de-
fences-of the river.
2. These last appeared to consist principally of the re-
construction, in earth, and in an improved form, of the
works destroyed last year, strengthened by additional
ditches and abattis, as well as an increased number of
booms of a very much more formidable nature, a descrip-
tion of all of which will be found on the annexed plan, fur-
nished by Major Fisher of the Royal Engineers. Very
few guns were seen, but a •considerable number of embra-
sures were masked with matting, evidently with a view of
concealing others.
3. Having sent an officer on shore to communicate with
the authorities, he was met by a guard, apparently of coun-
try people, who prevented him from landing, informed him
that there were no officials nearer than Tient-sin, and on
his acquainting them with my wish that the obstructions
at the mouth of the river should be removed, in order to
enable the ministers to proceed to Tient-sin, a promise was
given that a commencement should be made for this pur-
pose within the next 48 hours.
4. On following day I moved the whole of the squadron
up to the anchorage off the mouth of the river, placing the
gun-boats inside the bar. On proceeding to examine the
entrance, on the 20th, and finding that nothing had been
done towards removing the obstructions before referred to,
I addressed a letter to the Tantai, at Tient-sin, acquaint-
inghim with the object of arrival, and requesting free com-
munication with the shore. To this an evasive answer was
received two days subsequently.
6. On 21st I received a letter from Mr. Bruce, acquaint-
ing me that M. de BOurboulon and himself had come to the
conclusion to place the niatter in my hands, and requesting
me to take any measures I might deem expedient for clear-
ing away the obstructions in the river, so as to allow them
to proceed Int once to Tient-sin ; in consequence of which I
acquainted the Tantai, that the Ministers having arrived,
and the obstructions still existing at the mouth of the river,
I should proceed to remove them, using force if necessary,
the responsibility of the consequences resting with those by
whom I might be opposed. To this communication no reply
was received, and consequently on the 24th I took the force
inside the bar to prepare for operations, and gave further
intimation that after eight o'clock in the evening, if I re-
ceived no satisfactory reply, I should feel myself at liberty
to take my own course.
6. On the same night the parties named in the margin,*
under the direction of Capt. G. 0. Willes, cut one of the cables
of the boom, marked Din the plan, and blew two away with
powder. These last, however, were found reunited on the fol-
lowing day, the supporting logs of wood to which they were
cross-lashed being probably moored head and stern. Capt.
Willes availed himself of this opportunity to examine closely
the construction of the inner boom (plan E), and he found it
to consist of large baulks, well cross-lashed together, form-
ing a mass of timber not less than 120 feet wide, and about
3 feet in depth. The opening shown in the plan might
have admitted of the passage of a gunboat, but the strength
of the current would, at any time, have rendered such a
passage a matter of exceeding difficulty and doubt. Under
these circumstances it was clear that no other mode of at-
tack was left open to me, except that on the front of the
works, and a subsequent endeavour to carry them by storm,
should I succeed in silencing their fire.
7. The morning of the 25th was occupied in placing the
vessels in position (see plan), the Starling, Janus, Plover
(Flag), Cormorant, Lee, Kestrel, and Banterer, being on a
line parallel to the works on the South Fort, and the Nim-
rod in the rear of the line, with her fire bearing on the
North Fort. Tho Opossum, under Captain Willes, was
placed in advance, closeup to the stakes, and the Forester
and Haughty in reserve, in rear of the line, the former
having directions to move up into the Plover's position,
should that vessel advance in support of the Opossum.
The vessels on the right were under the direc-
tions of Capt. C. F. A. Shadwell ; those on the left under
Capt. N. Vansittart. The strength of the tide and the
narrowneoof the channel (about 200 yards) had rendered
it a matter of extreme difficulty to take up the position above
detailed ; and the Banterer and Starling, the vessels on the
extreme right and left of the line, had both taken the ground,
the former, however, in a good position, the latter in one
which incapacitated her from taking much share in the
action.
At 2 p.m., I directed the Opossum to open a passage
through the first barrier, which being effected by 2.30, she
moved up to the second barrier, supported by the Plover,
closely followed by the Lee and Haughty, which vessels I
ordered in-for that purpose.
On the arrival of the Opossum at the second barrier, the
forts opened a simultaneous fire of not less than between
30 or 40 guns, of calibres from 32-pounders to 8-inch, on
which I directed the ships to engage. The Plover took up
a position:close to the barrier. The Opossum, Lee, and
Haughty, in succession, astern of her.
At 3 p.m.,t finding that the ships inside the barrier,
especially the Plover and Opossum, were becoming disabled
by the enemy's fire, they were dropped out into fresh posi-
tions outside of it, where, having received assistance in men,
_ they renewed the action.
In consequence of the Plover's disabled state, shifted
- my flag to the Cormorant ; and at 4.20 a severe wound I
-7,,‘ had received about an hour previously compelled me to call
Captain Shadwell on board the Cormorant, and entrust to
2:693 him the more immediate command of the squadron.
1,603 At 5.40 the Kestrel sunk in her position; and it became
353 necessary to put the Lee on the ground to avoid the like
'77 result.
At 6.30 the fire from the north forts ceased altogether,
!64 and half an hour later that on the south side was silenced
;5,83 with the exception of that proceeding from one gun in the
outer or south bastion, one m the curtain on each side of it,
ci and one in the flank of the centre bastion, also one in the
,63 detached fort to the south.
27 At 7.20 a landing was effected opposite the outer bastion of
the south fort,the portion which appeared most injured by the
fire of the squadron, and where the attack could be best
5 supported by the guns of the vessels. The force consisted of
a detachment of Sap' era and Miners, under Major Fisher,
Royal Engineers; a brigade of Marines, under Col. Thos.
Lemon; a division of seamen, under Captain Vansittart,
assisted by CoMmanders John E. Commerell and W. A. J.
Heath, the whole under Capt. Shadwell's direction, accom-
panied by a small deta;chment of French seamen, under
the command of Commandant Tricault.
They were endotered by a heavy fire proceeding from
those guns I have awlready named as not completely silenced,
as well as from gingalls and rifles ; but notwithstanding
these and other serious obstacles presented by the character
of the ground to be crossed, and the nature of the defences,
150 officers and men having reached the second ditch, and
about 50 having arrived close under the walls, had the op-
position they experienced beers that usual in Chinese war-
fare, there is little doubt that the place would have been
successfully milled at the point of the bayonet.
Captains Shadwell and Vansittart and Colonel Lemon,
R.M., having been disabled in the advance, the command
in front devolved on Commander Commerell, who, after
consultation with Majors Fi her, R.E., and Richard Parke,
R.M., and Commandant Tricault, having reporte
ositi
d to Cap-
tain Shadwell that they could hold their present pon,
but that it was impossible to storm without reinforcements,
received frorrithat officer the order to retire.
17. This operation was effected with a deliberation and
coolness equal to the gallantry of the advance, under cover
of the night; which had now closed in, the force being sent
down to the boats by detachments, carrying the wounded
with them, and eventually the whole were brought off by
1.30 a.m., of the 26th, Commanders Commerell and Heath
being the last on shore.
18. I have already stated that the Leo and Kestrel had
sunk in their positions from the effect of the enemy's fire ;
and I regret to add, that in.proceeding down the river after
the termination of the action, the Plover was grounded
within range of the forts, and the Cormorant in endea-
vouring to remove, was also found to have taken the
ground. Under these circumstances I desired the officers
and men to be removed from them for the time, in order to
obviate the loss which might occur, should the enemy be
enabled to reopen their fire.
19. The Kestrel, I am happy to say, has since been re-
covered ; but notwithstanding every exertion which was
subsequently made, under the direction of Captain Willes,
to recover the three other vessels, the
it Plover
im and Lee
e
proved to be so hopelessly aground, that was poss
to move them ; 'while the Cormorant, which got afloat com-
paratively uninjured on the night of the 27th, was again
unfortunately grounded, within range of the forts, on mo
wasv-
ing down; and on the following day such a heavy fire
opened on her, that although afloa:t, she sank at her
anchors, and the officers and men employed in removing her
were withdrawn as she went down.
20. The fire of the enemy being remarkably well directed
and sustained, occasioned the squadron considerable loss,
amounting to 25 officers and men killed, and 93 wounded,
of which 54 are slight. Among the former I have to re-
gret the loss of Lieut. W. H. Rason, commanding the
Plover, a very promising young officer, and Captain Theo.
M'Kenna of the Ist Royals, who was attached to me by the
Major- General commanding the Forces in China.
21. In tho subsequent attack on shore 64 officers and men
were killed, and 252 wounded, of which 90 are slight.
Amongst the former I have to regret the loss of Lieut. A.
Graves of the Assistance, Lieut. C. H. Clutterbuck, and
Mr. T. H. Herbert, midshipman, both of this ship ; of
Lieut. Hamilton Wolrige of the Royal Marine Brigade, and
Lieut. H. L. T. Inglis, Royal Marines, of the Highflyer,
attached to the 2d Battalion.
Amongt the severely wounded are—
Captain Shadwell, C. 8., of her Majesty's ship Highflyer.
Captain Vansittart, C. 8., of her Majesty's ship Magi-
cienne.
Acting• Lieutenant C. E. Buckle, of her Majesty's ship
Magicenne.
Mr. A. J. Burniston, Master of the Banterer.
Mr. N. B. Smith, Acting Mate of the Chesapeake.
Mr. A. Powlett, midshipman of the Fury.
Mr. George Armytage, midshipman of Cruiser.
Mr. W. Ryan, gunner of the Plover.
Lieutenant George Longley, Royal Engineers.
Colonel Lemon, Royal Marines.
Captain W. G. R. Masters, Royal Marines, her Majes-
ty's ship Chesapeake.
Lieutenant J. C. Crawford. Royal Marine Artillery, and
The Rev. H. Huleatt, Chaplain to the Forces.
22. The loss on the part of the French amounted to 4
men killed and 10 wounded, including 2 officers, one of the
latter, I regret to state, being Commandant Tricault.
23. My warmest thanks are due to Staff-Surgeon Wal-
ter Dickson (b) , of this ship, Dr. John Little, of the Royal
Marine Brigade, and the medical officers of the force gene-
rally, to whose unwearied exertions I hive to attribute the
present satisfactory state of our wounded, and I avail my-
self of tkis opportunity of bringintr, under their lordships'
special notice the very high terms m which Colonel Lemon
speaks of the services of Dr. W. J. Baird, senior Assistant--
Surgeon, of the Brigade.
24. It is a more grateful duty to request you will bring
under their lordships' notice the valuable assistance I re-
ceived from Captains Shadwell and Vansittart, in com-
mand of the respective divisions of gun-boats. Lieutenant
John Jenkins is highly recommended by captain Shadwell
for the way in which he fought the Banterer.
Captain Vansittart speaks highly of Acting Commander

* Chesapeake—Lieutenant J. C. Wilson, Mr. S. U. Broom,
gunner, and 6 seamen. Magicienne—
Mr. F. W. Egerton,
acting mate, and 6 seamen. Cruizer—Mr. W. Hartland,
boatswain, and 8 seamen.
t At this time Lieut. Eason, of the Plover, was killed, and
I placed Lieut. George A. Douglas, my flag lieutenant, in
temporary command of her.