The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-11 00:00:00

IHE SON, LON L ON, THURSDAY E V ENING, OCTOBER 11, 1866.7

working men who had " come together from their
own will and judgment, and had not been cajoled
into attendance by the aid of torches and bands of
music." This is very true, and attests the progress
which is being made among those in the lower
grades of society just now on all sides, and in every
direction the march of mind is being made ; and,
although no doubt much remains to be done, we
must reflect with satisfaction upon what has been
done. In these " days of menace," as the chair-
man said, it required some degree of courage to
form a working man's Conservative Association at
all, for men were " urged to acts of violence if cer-
tain theories were not conceded, though contrary
to the opinions of the wisest and the cleverest states-
men." He also added that he would like to ask
JOIIN BRIGIIT, if he were really so much the friend
of the working classes as he affected to be, if so,
why did he set class against class? " Actions
speak more than words, and he would ask JOHN
BRIGHT how it was, if he was such a great friend
of the working man, that he opposed the Ten
Hours' Bill ?" Further on he added, that when the
terrible distress overtook the manufacturing dis-
tricts we did not see Mr. BRIGHT'S subscription when
the working man and his family really wanted re-
lief. These are home-thrusts which are not likely
to be very welcome to the outrageous orator of Bir-
mingham, but they are nevertheless true, and may
sink deeply into the minds of the working classes
with good effect. The more the working men
throughout the country organise associations the
better it will be for them, and the more likely will they
be to see the truth of public affairs, and arrive at
the motives of public men.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROlt OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Wednesday Evening.

The Moniteur says :—" On the same day that
the patent was published in Hanover authorising
the incorporation of that kingdom with the Prussian
Monarchy, King George released from their oaths
of fidelity to him the magistrates, the ecclesiastics,
and all the persons holding Government situations
of whatever kind. This wise measure has enabled
several thousand persons to preserve with dignity
functions, the remuneration for which formed their
principal mode of existence. We hear from Frank-
fort that the patent legalising the taking possession
of that city and surrounding territory, as well as the
proclamation addressed upon the occasion to the in-
habitants by King William 1., were read publicly
yesterday at the Ramer by M. de Patow, Royal
Governor, who was assisted by M. de Maday, Civil
Commissioner." [The Moniteur publishes the text
of the documents, but it is not necessary to trans-
late them, as they only recapitulate known facts.]
An unfortunate incident has taken place at
Verona. A dispute between the Austrian soldiers
and the inhabitants ended in a fight. An Austrian
was killed and two others were wounded by his side.
The military commandant issued a proclamation
declaring the city in a state of siege. Similar
events, but not of such a serious character, had
taken place at Mantua and at Chioggia. The
prompt evacuation of the fortresses by the Austrian
troops will put an end to these lamentable transac-
tions, and there is a general desire in Italy for a
" consummation so devoutly to be wished."
Some of the Paris papers, which have a marvel-
lous gift of ascertaining secrets of the Cabinet which
cannot possibly be known, have indulged in various
speculations, more or less foolish, in regard to a
visit paid at Athens by the Marquis de Moustier to
the King of Greece during a very short stay there
on his return to Paris to assume the duties of Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs. The real fact is, as I am
informed, that the visit was paid at the request of
the King. There was nothing political in the visit.

It was merely one of courtesy.
The death is announced of M. Auguste Polo, one
of the editors of La France, whose articles were
signed "A. Polin." lle belonged to one of the first
families iu French Guyana, and was only 32.
Some very interesting statistics, prepared by the
municipal authorities, have just been issued. Dur-
ing the month of May last the number of births at
Paris was 4,611-2,333 boys and 2,278 girls. The
number of deaths was 3,806-1,948 males and 1,858

females. The excess of births over deaths was 805.
During the same mouth there were 17 rainy days.
The quantity of water delivered in the city was 5
milliards 22 millions of quarts from the Seine, the
wells of Grenelle, the Dhuys, and the Marne. In
the month of June the number of births was 4,386
2,222 boys and 2,164 girls. The number of
deaths was 3,396-1,758 males and 1,638 females.
The excess of births over deaths was therefore 990.
During the month of June the number of rainy
days in Paris was exactly the same as in May, viz.,
17. The quantity of water delivered in the city by
the water carriers, during the month of June, was 5
milliards 185,627,000 litres.
Count d'Hondetot, who was formerly aide-de-
camp to Louis Philippe, has just died in his 75th
year. The death is also announced of the Princess
Philippine de Reuss-Schleiz, in her 85th year. She
was the last surviving sister of Prince de Reuss, now

reigning.
We are again under the sway of winter. It has
been very cold, and so foggy all day that the light
was very obscure without gas. It was necessary to
light the gas in some of the shops and cafes. Once
it was thought that England had the exclusive mo-
nopoly of fog, but for the last three weeks there has
been more or less fog in Paris and the surrounding
country almost every day. There is an Englishman
in Paris now whom I really must denounce. The
conversation in a café to-day having turned upon
the fog, he said there was a peculiarity about a fog.
When it came it was mist, but if it did not come it
would never be missed.
The Moniteur of this evening says that the Mexi-
can Legation at Paris has received the following
telegraphic despatch from the Emperor Maximi-
lian :

"Valentia, Oct. 9

" To General Almonte, at Paris.—You will com-
municate to your legations that an excellent spirit
exists amongst all classes. The Ministry is defini-
tively constituted. The best understanding exists
with our allies. The Apizaro Railway has been

opened. MAximimAN."
To this news from Mexico 1 may add that a
melancholy report, which has been in circulation
at Paris for some days, is confirmed. The Empress
of Mexico has lost her senses, and is quite mad.
Some cases of cattle disease having suddenly
manifested themselves in Switzerland, the French
Government has withdrawn from operation the re-
lations announced in the recent circular of the Minis-
ter of Agriculture, so far as regards the frontiers of
Germany and Switzerland.
In consequence of the treaty of peace between
Italy and Austria, Wurtemburg intends to send a
representative to Florence, as Wurtemburg now
forms a portion of the Confederation of the Southern
States of Germany.

LATEST INTELLIGENOE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

THE RATIFICATION OF THE TREATY OF

PEACE.

VIENNA, OCt. 11.

The ratification of the Treaty of Peace between
Austria and Italy will be exchanged to-day at the
Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
It is believed that the Iron Crown of Lombardy
will, at the same time, be handed over to General
Menabrea.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, OCt. 10.

The losses sustained by the Royal troops during
the recent disturbances at Palermo are officially
stated to have been as follows :-7 officers killed
and wounded, and 332 soldiers killed and wounded.

TURKEY.

TRIESTE, OCt. 10.

According to advices received here from Corfu,
dated Bth inst., it was believed in that city that a
rising of the Christian inhabitants of Epirus and
Thessaly was imminent.

DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.
BUCHAREST, Oct. 10.

Prince Charles is about to proceed in person to
Constantinople in order to remove the last obstacle
on the part of the Porte to his recognition as Hos-
podar of the Danubian Principalities. It is stated
that the obstacle is not of an important character.

The date of his departure for Constantinople is
not yet fixed.

MALTA.

MALTA, OCt. 10.

The quarantine hitherto in force against arrivals
from the Archipelago and the Turkish coast between
Alexandria and the Dardanelles is aboliuhed, and
that imposed on arrivals from Alexandria is reduced
to 15 days. _

maintenance of law and the increase of the common
welfare, even under the new order of things under
which the impenetrable degree of God has placed us.
" May God the Lord also continue to our cDuntry
in the future the rich blessings which He has hitherto
vouchsafed unto it. May He give joy and consola-
tion to his Majesty King George and his Royal
House under the heavy misfortune which has just
stricken them.

" The Secretaries-General of the Royal Ministries,
" VON SEEBACH.
HEINRICHS.
BRUEL.
FRANKEN.
" Hanover, Oct, 6, 1866." HARTMANN.

PHRENOLOGY.

TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—I am glad to find from the note of Dr. Donovan,
published in The Sun, last evening, that the officials now
connected with prisons, &c., aro disposed to regard favour-
ably the phrenological science, and to assist its professors
It is not generally known that so long ago as the year
1836, eighty certificates, signed by various medical and
scientific men, including the late Dr. Whately, Archbishop
of Dublin, the then Governor of Hanwell Asylum, Dr.
Elliotson, F.R.S., &c., were presented by the late Sir Geo.
'Mackenzie to the late Lord Glenelg, and by his lordship
transferred to Lord John Russell, who then managed our
domestic business, and I believe that these documents, re-
commending the Government to test the theory with re-
spect to criminals, are still extant in some Government
office. Since that time the supposed science of cerebral
physiology has advanced greatly in public opinion, and
there can be no doubt that many able medical men more
or less believe in it. Haydn, in his " Dictionary of Dates,"
Mr. Charles Knight, in his Cyclopeslia, and the Messrs.
Chambers, of Edinburgh, in their useful books, have advo-
cated its principles.
Early in the year 1849 I accompanied Dr. Conolly
through the wards of Han well Asylum, when I asked him
whether the principles of celebral physiology were useful
in the treatment of lunatics. He replied to the effect that
they were beneficial, and that some medical men made
use of them accordingly ; but he hinted that, in a
public institution, medical mon must in some measure
conform to the opinions of the authorities for the time be-
ing ; and at that time, owing probably to the indiscreet
conduct of some phrenological writers, there was much
prejudice against the science.

it is gratifying to find that such public prejudice has de-
creased, and that the science is now likely to have the fair
play which it merits.

I was surprised to find in the Museum in Gothenburg, in
Sweden, a collection of casts, including those of Burke,
Hare, Eustache, Scc., carefully labelled.
It appears that only one execution, or public strangling,
as it was termed by the late Mr. Jerrold, has taken place at
Newgate during the present year—a pleasant change since
the year 1783, when, upon one occasion, twenty human
beings were hanged there, chiefly for trivial offences!
Earl Russell hinted recently that, ere long, these sense-
less and discreditable sights will cease entirely. The re-
cent exhibition has confirmed the statement made in my
" Curiosities of Occult Literature" respecting the inutility
of hanging as a punishment so far as example is concerned,
and the case of the criminal Jeffreys has proved that intem-
perance produces cruelty, and cruelty leads to crime, in
this case barbarous and shocking.—l am, sir, yours obe-
diently, Cuat. COOKE.

London, Oct. 11, 1866.

MARKETS.--This Day.

METROPOLITAN CATTLE.

Our market to-day was moderately supplied with beasts
chiefly in middling condition. Prime breeds moved off
steadily, at full quotations, but inferior stock was dull, and
rather cheaper. The top figure was 5s 4d per 81bs. Sheep,
the supply of which was rather limited, were in fair re-
quest, at fully late rates. The best Downs and half-breds
realised 6s 4d per 81bs. There was a steady sale for calves,
at Monday's currency—viz., from 4s 6d to 5s 6d per 81bs.
The demand for pigs was steady, at very full prices.