The Sun.
London, England, 1835-10-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MON DAY, OCTOBER 261 1835.

them how intimately theit. existencE *as identified with the
ittnlpli 011 the young Queen, he called upon them for large
pecuniary sacrifice. They having replied that they had no
funds, M. Mendizabal, we are assured, engaged to procure
them as much as a hundred millions, by means of mortgages
on their estates. It is added that all the nobility having ac-
ceded to this proposal, the one hundred millions will shortly
be at the disposal of the Government. It is said that M.
Mendizabal had previously negoclated no this subjeet with a
company of English bankers. This is speaking to the pur-
pose. This, it must be owned, is influence. Were such
things possible before M. Mendizabal came? Nobody would
have dreamt of all this.
" The merchants of the capital are also making great sa-
crifices to organise a corps of three or four thousand men,
which will be obliged to maintain tranquillity in the provinces
of Madrid.
" A corps of 30,000 men is to be formed immediately in
the environs of Madrid. The operation of making this levy is
confided to General Zarco del Valle, who is famous for his
skill in those matters.
" The following anecdote has been in circulation for these
two days : the old General Castanos said the other day with
a smile to Mendizabal-4 Now, Sir, aided by the popular
enthusiasm, you are going to organize an army of 20,000 men
at least. I have no doubt of your procuring funds for the
purpose.' M. Mendizabal answered, ' I have not a 1)°,1•174 to
raise 20,000 men, but to raise 10(y)nns,, ; money
sufficient.' " .
The Sentinelle an
fr,s• • """
the Phare of Bayonne have some news
from the
...otter. The most remarkable is that of a confe-
":..ee of two hours, which took place on the loth at Larraga,
between General Cordova and General Egina, whom Don
Carlos has just appointed Commander-in-Chief of his army,
and Viceroy of Navarre. After their conference, Egina re-
turned to Don Carlos. The object of it is wholly unknown.
A letter from Perpignan to the indicatemr, says-
" A most important fact is, that a vvluminous correspon-
dence was seised en the person of the Count d'Espagne. It
is said to implicate several eminent persons of the late Court
of Charles X. 180 rebels, taken with the Nero of Cata-
lonia, offered their services to Mina, who answered, that he
could only employ them in the public works at Barcelona.
All the Count d'Espagne's papers have been sent to the French
Ministry."-Messuger, Oct. 24.
FRENCH FUNDS.-Paats, °STONER 23.
Five per Cents., 108 f. 65e. 75c. 60e.
Four and a Half Tier Cents. 101 f.
Four per Cents., LPG
Three per Cents., nit. 50e. 45c. 5-c. 'c..
Bank Actions, 2,155 f.
rtente de Naples, 141 f. 10e.
Roman Five per Cents., 10:14;.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 20%.
Hovel Spanish 1,0an,..54%14.
Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 34%4%.
Portuguese Loan, Five per Cent, 894.
Portuguese Loan, Three per Cents, 6514.
Dutch Two and a Half per Cents., 56f. Ws
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, -f. -c. ; money, 25f. 57 c.
Three months, paper, -f. -c. ; money, M. 40c
t o rs Authentivte.
FRENCH FUNDB.-15ARIS, OtTOIER 24.
Five per Gems., 108 f. 60c. 50c. 65e. 70c.
Four per tents., 99f.
Three per Cents. 81f. 40c. 30c. 55c. 60c.
National Loan, 108 f :oc.
Bank Actions, 2,155 f.
Bente de Naples, Mt 20e. 11e. cc. ac.
Roman Five per Cents., t03k,%50•
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 34.
Bente d'F.spagne, Three per Cents., 2074% 21.
Royal Spanish Loan, 34 33
Bente Perpet.O'Espagne, Five per Cent., 313 A 33% 34tH.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents, 101 if .
Portuguese Loan, Five per Cents., 8014.
Haytian Loan, 345 f,
Excitannt ON LONDON.
One month, paper, -f. -c. ; money, 251. 571,e.
Three months, paper, -f. -c. money, 25f. 40e.
..Cottrs Authentique.
noottsa Tim o'CLocr.-The Rentes were very flat at the
opening of the Bourse; the current price was 61f. 25c.
Some bargains were done at 81f. 20c., but on the report of
some favourable news of the 15th, 16th, and 17th, from
Madrid, the price improved to 81f. 60c., after having been
81f. 65c. buyers. A similar fluctuation took place in Spanish,
which are now demanded.
QUAltTlik To FOUR.-Five per Cents., 108 f. 71e. ; Three
per Cents., 81f. 70c. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, 34+; Three
per Cents. Spanish, 20 ; Cortes, 34; Coupons, 19f ; Gueb-
hards. 34i; Differes, 14f ; New Loan, 43 ; Actives, 43f ;
Passives, Ilf ; Ducats, 99 40 ; Romans, 100 f ; Pedros, 89-14 ;
Belgians, 1014 ; Dutch, -f. -c. ; Haytians, -f. ; Miguels,
19} ; Brabant Bank, -; Belgian Bank, -.

`We refer to our extracts from the Dutch papers of
the 23d inst. for all particulars respecting the Financial
Budget of Holland. The details arc given with more
minuteness than we were prepared to expect, from a
knowledge of the way in which such matters are usually
submitted to the States-General.

New Brunswick Papers to the 27th September are
this day received at the North and South American
Coffee-house. A few weeks ago we published a copy
of a petition to Sir ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, on the
subject of the sale of Timber Lands. The Royal Ga-
zette of the 23d contains the following reply :

" FREDERICSTOWN, SEPT. 9.

" SIR,--I am directed by his Excellency the Lieutenant-
Governor to acknowledge the receipt of a petition signed by
yourself, and by a number of the inhabitants of the counties of
York and Carletown, on the subject of sales of timber lands,
which has been duly considered by his Excellency, who, as the
petitioners have justly stated, has no other object in view than
that of securing and promoting the prosperity of the colony
and the welfare of the inhabitants ; but, with regard to the
sales of land already made, his Excellency has good grounds
for the opinion, in which he believes several of the petitioners
themselves will join, that they will prove highly beneficial to
the general interests of the province. At the same time, it is
very gratifying to learn from the petitioners themselves, that
each successive exploration brings to view groves of pine, the
existence of which had not been previously known ; thereby
giving the appearance of a continuance of that trade to which
is principally to be attributod the present prosperous condition
of the county.
(Signed) " W. M. F. ODEL L."

The view taken of the Irish Church question in the
article in the London Review, which we quoted on
Thursday, has the good fortune, it appears to us, of
being not only the most sound and enlarged, but also
that which is best calculated to find favour with the
greatest number of those who at present lean to the
contrary opinion. It directs the mind to measures of
the utmost importance, consequent on the reduction of
the present revenues of the Irish Church, and recom-
mends the change, not merely as required by an ab-
stract principle of justice, or rule of proportion, but as
the preliminary to a great improvement in the religious
government of the Irish people. At the same time it
is one, in a great part of which the most sincere advo-
cates of the other side agree ; for it admits with them the
propriety of a State provision for the religious instruc-
tion of the people. It recognizes the utility of eccle-
siastical endowments, and the evils of the voluntary
principle. But it shows that the maintenance of the
exclusive Protestant Episcopalian Establishment in
Ireland, is repugnant to every argument on which
the defence of Church establishments is usually rested;
and that the position in which the Clergy of the poor
and ignorant majority of that nation is placed, subjects
that country to the practical operation of the volun-
tary system, in the very worst form, and under the
most unfavourable Circumstances in which it could
be tried. Instead of being allowed to link the abuse
of the Irish Church to the affection with which th
Church is regarded in England, the advocates of its
maintenance in its present form are shown to be in the
most palpable collision with the very principles on
which alone religious endowments can be upheld.
The support of the Irish Church by the Conserva-
tives has always appeared to us one of the most convince
ing proofs of the little knowledge the members of that
party possess respecting the real purpose, the
strength, or the utility of the institution, for which
_some of them feel so unthinking, and others affect so
hollow a reverence. If they valued a Church esta-
blishment for its influence on the moral and religious
condition of a nation, they would . lament that the in-
stitution which bears that name in Ireland, really pro-
duces none of the desired effects. If they rightly felt
the absolute necessity of such an institution to a poor
and rude people, instead of obstinately maintaining,
they would cry loudly for the removal of a system
which precludes the Irish people from advantages, of
which unhappily they stand so much in need. For
the great evil of the present system is, that it deprives
Ireland of all the benefits of a state provision for the
religious instruction of the poor. Nowhere is such a
provision more required—nowhere is it more com-
pletely wanting. The sincere advocates of Church
Establishments are those who have reason to complain
most loudly of the system, which, under pretence of
keeping up a Protestant Establishment, in fact amounts
to a privation of any Establishment at all.
The great argument for an Established. Church is
that founded on the duty of the community to provide
religious instruction for those members of its body,

who are so poor that their ciwii mdaiis vvodld net
enable them to get it. We hear the opponents of tho
" voluntary principle" denouncing it as one which
would rob the pddr of theif fight to spiritual instruc-
tion. No people Are so poor as the Irish Catholics
no people) th'erefore3 retliiire so urgently an interference
of this kind on the part of the gtAte iii theif
Yet to this people you altogether deny the benefit
which you rate so high. By offering them a species
of instruction, which you know they will not receive,
in a religion, which you know to havt no authority
over them, you deprive them of any public provision
for their religious teaching. You divert from this
destination funds originally bestowed with an express
view to their being so employed. And for whose
behalf do you so divert it ? For that of the
wealthy, powerful, and enlightened body of Epis-
copalian Prbtestants. You take it from the poor
majority to apply it to the rich minority. Such
is the contrast between theory and practice. A State
provision for the religious wants of the community is
defended as a measure of justice to the poor. Here a
dispute arises about the means of such a provision, be-
tween the very poorest population, whose ignorance
and lawlessness in every part of Europe crave a supply
of its spiritual wants, and one of the richest sects,
whose means and inclinations are such that the volun-
tary principle might be counted on with safety for the
fullest provision for its own clergy. You provide for
the rich : you leave the poor wholly unprovided. You
abandon the many, who need the care of the State, to
the chances of the " voluntary system." You waste
your endowments on those who comparatively need
them not.

But though we use this argument against those who
take this view of the " voluntary system," and who
are justly liable to this personal argument, drawn from
the glaring inconsistency between their principles and
their practice, we must say that we entirely concur with
the Reviewer in thinking that the charge of leaving
any portion of the people wholly unprovided with reli-
gious instruction, is not one to which the system is
justly liable. Of the energy of the " voluntary prin
ciple" in providing an ample extension of clerical su-
perintendence and religious teaching, the maintenance
of the Irish Catholic Church by its poor members is
itself the most striking and unanswerable proof. The
deficiency of the " voluntary principle" is not in the
quantity, but in the quality of the religious teaching
which it supplies. The danger really to be appre-
hended from leaving the clergy dependant on the gene-
rosity of the laity, is that of the disposition which it
gives the clergy to stimulate that generosity by the arts
of fanaticism or superstition. If Church Establish-
ments are not exactly desirable, according to HUME'S
celebrated, but rather disrespectful, phrase, as a means
of " bribing the indolence" of the clergy, at least their
utility greatly consists in regulating the exertions of
that body, in lifting it above the necessity of a constant
dependance on the excited zeal of its flocks, and in
giving it a disposition to check, rather than to promote,
the unfortunate tendency of religious fervour to the
extremes of fanatical dogmatism or superstitious ob-
servances.

No people in the world is unfortunately placed in a
social position which lays it more thoroughly open to
the arts of a priesthood, than the people of Ireland.
No religion has a stronger tendency to be perverted
into a mass of mere superstititious rites than the
Catholic religion. And no priesthood is placed in a
situation which gives it a greater interest in working
to the utmost this evil influence over this ignorant
people. The authority, which the state does not up-
hold, and the subsistence, which it does not afford, are
to be acquired by the personal exertions of the priest.
And as the debasements of the human mind, and the
frequency of superstitious ceremonies afford the surest
means of obtaining influence and extorting fees, these
are the means to which the priesthood of Ireland are
induced to resort for their maintenance. The extreme
poverty of the people renders it necessary to make the
pressure more severe. All accounts continue to give
us a lamentable view of the working of the Catholic
religion in Ireland. All the evils of the most de-
grading superstition seem to be forthd combined with
but few of the benefits of Christianity. The clergy of
the national faith, degraded ar:d neglected by the Go-
vernment, rests only on the support of the national
ignorance ; and fosters that ignorance which is the
fatal enemy of law, of civilization, and of industry.
Thus, again, where the beneficial influence of a
State provision for the religion of the people is most
required, it is withheld. The wealthy members of the
Protestant Episcopalian Church, a Church of all in
the Christian world the least likely to run into any ex-
treme of fanaticism or superstition, are protected
against both by ample endowments. The Presby-
terians, whose clergy are akin, and habitually, if not
legally subordinate to the well-ordered and intelligent
Church of Scotland, are guarded by the public bounty.
It is the mass of the people, the poor, the ignorant,
the lawless, who are left exposed to the operation of
priestly influence wielding the Catholic religion, the
most potent engine of moral subjugation that the wit
of man has ever devised. The educated few enjoy
without needing those ecclesiastical revenues, which
ought to be employed in shielding the defenceless many
from the worst evils, which have ever been attributed
to the " voluntary system."
Nor, again, is there any country in the world, in
which the subordinate advantages of an Endowed
Church would be more sensibly felt than in Catholic
Ireland. Supposing even that the endowment of the
Catholic priesthood were not in anywise to mitigate
the evil influence of the Catholic faith, still the mere
presence of a body of educated men, enjoying mo-
derate incomes, but a high and respected station,
would be an inestimable benefit to the poor inha-
bitants of the country. Arid, indeed, this ground
of defence has been taken in behalf of the
Clergy of the Established Church. But this is a
mere fancy. Every day's experience shows us
that the good which these gentlemen are, no doubt,
well inclined to do, and might otherwise do, is
entirely neutralized by the circumstance of their
being the Ministers of a religion which, in its
present position, is naturally an object of hatred
to the people. Their sacred character, instead of ex-
citing feelings of reverence and affection, renders
them odious. Their revenues are at present a subject
of collision between every clergyman and every pa-
rishioner. The man who ought to be the benefactor
of the neighbourhood by his example, and the wise ex-
penditure of a moderate incorae, is either a voluntary
or a compulsory absentee, stripped of his income, or
spending what he can get of it at a distance : or he
lives in a barricaded house under the protection of a
military force, and sallies out, ever and anon, to get
a portion of his dues by a legal process, which looks
like rapine, to seize the last cow of his parishioner, or
to take away his life in the attempt.

It is idle to suppose that such a beneficial influence
as that which we are wont to attribute to the presence
of the Clergy of an Established Church, can ever be
possessed by that of a dominant creed, which the
abhor as heretical, and detest as intrusive. No
people
Clergy can have this influence in Ireland, except the
Catholic. This could easily acquire it with the proper
revenues ; but these you will not give it. You throw
it away on those who cannot use it beneficially. You
refuse it to those whom it would invest with the

trifgeSt powers of dohig goods and by refusing it you
fetichir ins'.tead df a Mean's of fella, only a heavy
additional burden
The effects of the present distribtitidrl cif the Ecele-
§idstiehl torennes of Ireland, is in fact a privation of
all that is beneficial in Clititch Establishments. By
pretending to keep up an- Establishment of a faith dif-
ferent from that of die people, we are in fact prevent-
ing its being an Established are keeping
up the " voluntary system" in its worst form. The Irish
Church is in reality A mere instrument of proselytism.
What its value in this respect all- the world pretty
well knows. But that is the only character which can
rightly be attributed to it. When it affects that of a
national Establishment, and attempts to enlist on its
side the advocates of a State provison for the religious
instruction of the people, it pretends to be that to
which it is most adverse, and appeals for support to
those who ought most strenuously to urge its reduc-
tion, as the only means of attaining the end which they
desire.

Our readers will find in another part of The Star,
uri.7.3r the head " Orange Lodges," a Letter addressed
to Lord KENYON by Mr. HAYWOOD, of Yorkshire,
in which that Gentleman tells his Lordship some home
truths, respecting the conduct of a certain officious
Orange A gent, who is supposed to be pretty much in
the confidence of some of the more zealous and illus-
trious members of the fraternity. Mr. HAYWOOD
says, " when you last wrote to me, your Lordship dic-
tated brotherly love and good feeling ; if so, why
threaten us with cancelling our warrants, and ex-
pelling us ? We tell you again, my Lord, as we told
you before in a printed circular which I drew
up at Wakefield, that we had entirely withdrawn our-
selves from the Grand Lodge, on account of your ex-
actions and tyranny, by not only compelling our prin-
ciple, but our money to support it. Your Lordship,
in your circular, says nothing about all the Lodges in
London having tendered their resignations to the
Grand Lodge, except 206, WILLIAM THOMSON, a
man of your own. No, this would not suit your Lord-
ship." We fear the remainder of the epistle will suit his
Lordship just as little as this part of it; nevertheless,
it is one every way deserving of the reader's attention.