The Sun.
London, England, 1859-07-28 00:00:00

SIIPPLY.

On the motion for going into committee of supply,
Mr. HORSMAN, who had an amendment on the paper,
asked whether the Government proposed to take the supply
to-morrow.

Mr. LAING answered in the affirmative, stating that it
was intended to give supply precedence of other business at
the evening sitting to-morrow.
Sir J. TRELAWNY drew attention to the fact of a
guarantee of £500,000 haying been granted to New Zea-
land 'Some two years ago, and complained that Parliament
was induced to make it by a misrepresentation of the cir-
cumstances on the part of Mr. Sewell.
• Mr. C. FORTE SCUE said there was an impression at the
Colonial-office that there was some misrepresentation on
the part of Mt. Sewell, but that there was no such suppres-
sion of facts as would induce the Government to discon-
tinue the guarantee.
The house then resolved itself into committee.
The first vote of £4,000, for the establishments at Bar-
muda, was agreed to.
On the vote of X 6,898, for ecclesiastical establishments in
British North America,
Mr. WILLIAMS contended that this vote should long
since have disappeared froth the estimates.
The vote was ultimately agreed to.
Upon the vote of £42,998 for British Columbia,
Mr. ADDERLEY complained of its extravagance and
made some inquiries of the Government relative to the- in-
come and expenditure of the colony. He thought the
colonies should be made self-supporting.
Mr. C. FORTESCUE said the liability of this vote was
incurred by the late Government. The Colonial-office had
received no information from the governor later
than last February. The income of the colony
then amounted to £23,000 and the expenditure to £25,000,
but the governor anticipated sales of land to the
extent of £lO,OOO, which would then leave a large balance
in favour of the colony. The chief defect that existed
in this colony was the want of efficient communication,
and this defect the governor was endeavouring to remedy,
as well as to develope, the gold resources of the colony. He
had been warned by the authorities at home that he must
not look to the Imperial Parliament for a continuance of
the grant. .
Mr. WILLIAMS was of opinion that these votes ought
to be regarded as loans not grants.
Mr. C. FORTESCUE said the Government would do
all in their power to render the colony self-supporting, but
it would only be deluding the house to hold out a hope that
any portion of the grant would be returned.
• The vote was then agreed to.
On the of £24,728 for the governors of West India and
other colonies,
Mr. WILLIAMS maintained that this vote should have
long since been discontinued, and moved that the vote be
reduced by the sum of £l,BOO. •
Mr. NEWDEGATE suggested the propriety of the
Government establishing a penal colony, so as to relieve the
prisons in this country of the number of reformed and re-
forming convicts they at present contained.
After some discussion,
Mr. C. FORTESCUE defended the vote, and said that
the hon. member for Southwark was most unfortunate in
the selection of the goverrior whose stipend he proposed to
abolish, as that functionary rendered the most important
services to the Government. In reference to what had
fallen from the hon- member (Mr. Newdegate), he would
state that it was not the intention of the Govemroent to
establish any such colony as that to which he alluded.
Mr. WILLIAMS satd that Western Australia received
our convicts for a certain number of years, because they
derived from them the benefit of their labour. How-
ever, he would not press his amendment if he received the
assurance that the subject would be consi lered by Govern-
ment.

The amendment was then withdrawn and the original
vote agreed to.
The vote of X 19,350 for the salaries of stipendiary justices
in the West Indies and the Mauritius, were arced.to after
a short discussion.

Some, minor votes, including £10,238 for civil establish-
ments on the western coast of Africa, were also agreed to.
, On the vote of £4,299 for Labuan,
Mr. WILLIAMS objected to the vote, which he regarded
as little better than a "job pension" to a person named
Brooke, who had founded. Labuan for,bis own benefit and
had afterwards palmed it off on the British Government.
Mr. S. ESTCOURT strongly protested against the dis-
respectful terms in which the hon. member for Lambeth
had spoken of Sir James Brooke.

Lipid STANLEY said he thought the Government could
dispense with this colony.
Mr. M. MILNES eulogised the exploits of Sir James
Brooke, whom he placed in the same category with. Sir
Walter Raleigh, and other distinguished adventurers.
Mr. WILLIAMS disclaimed any intention of speaking
disrespectfully of Sir James Brooke, and he merely referred
to him by name.

Ultimately the vote was agreed to.
On the vote of £12,708 for the emigration offices at the
different ports of the kingdom, .
Mr. ADDERLEY gave notice that next session he
would move for a reduction in this vote, so far as related
to the commissioners and secretaries.
The vote was agreed to, as well as several others, which
, elicited no discussion.
On the vote of £76,404 for our Consular establishments,
Mr. MONCKTON MILNES referred to the comrais-
tion appointed to investigate this question, and said he con-
sidered that there, existed a class of consuls which might be
diminished and another more deserving class more
ad equately,remunerated, without any additional burden
on the country. He thought the only class of councils that
would prove beneficial to any commercial country should
be composed of men of high standing and talent who
should be adequately paid, and who would occupy such
a position that no Government would attempt
to tamper with them. In order to obtain that class they
had only to proceed on the principle of merit in selection.
He regretted that some more beneficial results had not been
realised from the efforts of the commission on which no ex-
pense had been spared, but which had not received the ne-
' eessary Government co-operation.
Mr. WILLIAMS thought that many
.of the consuls
might be abolished, and he protested against the increase
that had taken place in this vote. The salary of the con-
sul at Marseilles was increased from £550 to £9OO, wlthou
any increase in trade with that port having taken place, or
, anything having occurred to justify an addition of £350 a
I year to the salary of the officer. In Barcelona the salary of
the consul was increased from £4OO to £550, 'and at Alex-
andria from £6OO to £l,OOO a year. The hon. member hav-
ing referred to other increases that had taken place in the
salaries of the consular establishments, which he contended
were entirely unwarranted, he concluded by moving an
amendment to the effect that the vote should be reduced by
£6,370.
Sir M. FARQUHAR defended the conduct of the Go-
vernment, who had not the time necessary to present an
ample report to the house on this subject at the commence-
ment of the session, but who had no intention of acting
discourteously to the commission whose labours they fully
appreciated. In some of the cases alluded to by the hon.
member for Lambeth, the increase was justified by the in-
crease in the price of all the necessaries of life. He
concluded by expressing a hope that the hon. member
would not press his amendment.
After a few words from Sir H. VERNEY and Mr. M.
MILNES,
• Mr. LAING said it could not be expected at present
that the Government could go into the whole question that
had been raised. The commission had recommended that
the increase proposed should be met by a duty on shipping.
That was a subject of great importance, and required con-
sideration. He defended the increase as being requisite.
Mr. WILLIAMS replied.
The amendment was negatived without a division.
On the vote of. £67,363 for establishments in China,
Japan, and Siam, some discussion took place, but the vote
was agreed to.
the,vote of £40,000 for Ministers at foreign courts,
Mr. WISE drew attention to the fact that the real ex-
penditure foi-, the purposes of this vote fell short consider--
ably of that which was granted, and he could •not• see the
necessity of their voting from year to year a larger sum
than they required. It appeared that they were to vote for
the diplomatic and consular service, exclusive of the ex-

pense of the secret service and other branches, on
liass than £521,665 this year, of which . £268,889
was to ' be appropriated to diplomatic departments.
He called the attention of the house to the item of £5,000
for interpreters and clerks, and he contended that, except
in the case where great' talents were exlibited, the latter
should be required' to write well and speak correctly. -In
order to show the deficiency in the present system he al-
luded to Portugal. They had a Minister with a salary of
45,000 a year, besides over £6OO a year to 'servants and
attaches in connection with that official, and they had also
a ,consul-general, vice-consul, &c., at Lisbon. Not-
withstanding all these officers, when this country
wished to-congratulate the King of Portugal on his
marriage, they had to send a, special mission to
Lisbon for that purpose. He would not move any amend-
ment, but he trusted the Government would, next year at
all events, direct their attention to the redaction of these
votes.

Mr. ELLICE said that it was most important they
should maintain the efficiency of their embassy, if they
wished their representatives in that capital to occupy the
same position as the representatives of other countries. If
they did not wish him to retain that position, it would be
better•to reduce him-to the status simple 6f minister.
Mr. LAING said that this vote had been very much
discussed last session, and an explanation was then given
to the effect that the details of the expenditure were, from
their nature, a long time in reaching this country, and the
fact was that the actual expenditure was always 12 months
in arrear of the estimated expenditure. He was sorry to
say ihat the whole .840,000 would be required this year, in
c msrquence of the increase of the number of telegrams and
other expenses incurred by the events that had taken place
on the continent.
Some further discussion ensued, but the vote was agreed
to.

On the vote -021,969 for compensation and pensions for
persons in the public service,
Mr.. WILLIAMS impressed on the Government the
necessity of keeping down tliis branch of public expenditur..
Mr. LAING said.the Government were determined to do
all in their power to reduce this branch of expenditure.
Sir H. WILLOUGHBY said there was nothing like the
system in reference to this vote in other countries,, which
prevailed in England, and he thought they should coin-
mence with the, higher, class of officials. - •
Some minor votes were agreed.to.
GALWAY HARBOUR AND PORT ACT (1853)
AMENDMENT BILL.

This bill went through committee, was read a third time,
and passed.
NORWICH ELECTION COMMITTEE.

The members nominated on this committee were sworn,
KIDDERMINSTER AND KINGSTON-UPON-
HULL.

Letters were read from the petitioners against the return
of the members for these boroughs, stating•sthat they with-
drew these petitions.

NEW WINDSOR

A letter from the, petitioners against the return of Mr.
Vansittart was also read in which they.announced a simi-
lar intention.

Mr. VANSITTART took that opportunity of strongly
denouncing the mode in which election petitions were
brought forward and withdrawn. As
•regarded his own
case his election Was 'a coMplete ovation, and,being obliged
to be absent he was returned by proxy. He entered into
some further explanations, and elpressed a hope that the
house would interfere to put an end to the presentation of
those sham petitions.
The house adjourned at four o'clock.

The house resumed at six o'clock, and was
[LEFT FiITTING.)

PARLIAMENTABY DIVISION.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.-JULY 27.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS BILL.

Motion made, and Question put, " That Clause Two stand
part of the Bill :"—The Committee divided ; Ayes, 127,
Noes 85.

• AYES-127. - •
Angerstein, W. Gower, F. L. : O'Connell, D.
Arnott, J. Greenall, G.. O'Donoghue, D.
Ayrton, A. S. Gregson, S. Packe, C. W.
Bagwell, J. Gurdon, B. Paget, C.
Ball, E. Gurney, Samuel Pease, H.
Bass, M. T. Hanbury, It., Jun: - Pechell, Sir G.
Baxter, W. •E: Handley, John *Pigott, Francis .
Bazley, Thomas Hatdcastle, Jos. A. Pilkington, James
Beale,, Samuel Henley, Lord , Pinney, .Wm.
Biggs, John Hennessy, J. P. Pryse, Capt. E. L.
Black, Adam Hoare, Jbseph Proby, Lord. G. L.
Brady, Jolly' , Hodgkinson, G. - Puller, C. W.
Brand, H. B. Hodgson, K. D. Ridley, 0.
Bristow, A. . Humberstone, P. S. Robertson, D.
Browne, Lord J. T. Mitt, W. Roebuck, J. A.
Buller, J. W. James, Edwin RusSelL A. J. E. -
Butler, C. S. Jervoise, Sir J. St.-Aubyn, J.
Buxton,,C. Keating, Sir IL Salt, Tittle
Calthorpe, F. H. Kershaw, J. Scholefield, W.
Clay, James King, Hon. L. Seymour, H. D.
Clifford, C. C. Kingecote, Lt.-Col. Shelley, Sir J. V.
Clifford, H. M. , Knatchbull-Hugcss Smith, J. B.
Clive, George Laing, S. Somerville, Sir W.
Colebrooke, Sir T.E. Langston, J. H. Stafford, Marquis of
Coningham, Wm. Lawson, W. • Stansfeld. J.
Craufurd, E. H. J Lee, W. ' * Steel, John
Crook, Joseph Levinge, Sir R.G.A. Sykes, Col. W. H.
Davey, R. Locke, J'. Trelawny, Sir J. S.
Davie, Col. F. Lyons, Dr. Turner, J. A.
Deasy, Richard Lysley, W. Verney, Sir Harry
Denison, W. H. F. McEvoy, E. Walters, R.
Dodson, John G. • Mackinnon, W. A. Wemyss, J.
Duff, M. E. ' Maguire, J. F. Westhead B.
Duke, Sir James Martin, P. W. Whalley, G. IL'
Evans, T. W. Martin, J. Whitbread, S.
Ewart, J. C. . Matheson, A. Wickham, H. W.
Ewing, H. E. C. Miller, William Willcox, B. M.
Fenwick; Henry Mills, T. • Williams, W.
Ferguson; R. Monk, C. J. Wise, J. A.
Forster,, Charles Mon Sell, Rt. Iln. W.
Fortescue, Hon. D. Morris, D. TELLERS.
Fortescue, C. S. Napier, Sir C.
Freeland, H. W. Noble, J. Hadfield, Geo.
Gavin, Major North, F. Haukey, Thomson

. .
NOES-85.
Adderley, C. B. George, John - More, David
Arbuthnott, Gen.H. Gordon, Capt. Nicol, William
Bailey, C. Griffith, C. D. Northoote, Sir S. 11.
Baillie, H. J. Hassard, M. D. Parker, Major W.
Beecroft, G. S. Henley, J. Patten, J. W.
Bentitick, G.. WV. P. Henniker, Lord Pennant, Col.
Blackburn, P. Heygate, Sir F. Potts, George
Burrell, Sir C., Bt. Hood, Sir A. Powys, L. P.
Cave S. • Hope, G. W. Pugh, D. (Carman)
Cole, Hon. H. A. Hopwood, J. T. Rogers, John J.
Cole J. L. Wornby, W. H. Satomons;Alderman
Collins, T., jun. Howes, Edward ' Salt, Thomas
Copeland, W. T. Hunt, G. W. Sclater-Booth, G.
Cross, R. A. Jermyn, Earl Spooner, R.
Cubitt, Ald. Kekewich, S. Stirling, Wm.
Curzon, Viscount ' Kelly, Sir F. • Stuart,- Major W.
Dawson, R. P. Kendall, N. Stracey, Sir H.
Deedes, 'Wm. Lacon„Sir E. Torrens, R.
Edwards, Major H. Legit, G. C. Vandeleur, Col.
Egerton,. A, F. Liddell, Hon. H. G. Vansittart, Wm.
Farquhar, Sir M. Lockhart, A. E. Vernon, L. V.
Farrer, James Lyall, G. • ' Walpole, S. H. •
Filmer, Sir E. Lygon, Hon. F. lVatlitigton, J.. W.
Finlay, A. S. Mackie, J. Whiteside, Rt An J.
Fitzroy. Rt. Hon H. Manners, Ld J. J.R. Wyndham, Sir H.
Gallwey, Sir W.- P. Miller, T. • Wynne, W. W. E.
Galway, Viscount Morgan, Major ; TELLERS.
Gard, R. S. Mowbray, Rt. Hn. J: Bridges, Sir 8., Bt.
Garnett, W. J. Mundy,' William. Estcourt, S.

GOODWOOD _RACBS.-(THIS DAY.)

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPIO

RACING STAKES
Lord of the Manor 1
Rechab

FINDON STAKES.

Nutbourne
Thunderbolt
Thormanby
Eleven ran. ,
Lifeboat and Starke were scratched at 12:30
MOLECOMBE STAKES.

Buccaneer
Brother to Rainbow
King of Diamonds..
Won easy.
SEVENTH BENTINCK.

Longrange
East Langton
Star of the East..
Six ran.
NINTH BENTINCE.

The Wizard
Trovatore
Emily
Three ran.
GOODWOOD CUP.

Promised Land
Newcastle

Prioress..
Scent'..

Eleven ran. Won by six lengths; four lengths between
second and third.

SUSSEX STAKES.
Merryman walked over.
SWEEPSTAKES.
Queen Charlotte walked over.
EIGHTH BENTINCK.

May Morning 1
Cock-a-Hoop
Precursor

Seven ran.
SWEEPSTAKES 200 SOY S.

Trovatore ...
Flutter colt .

LATEST BETTING.
ST. LEGER.
2to 1 agst Promised Land (taken)
DERBY.
12 to 1 agst The Wizard (taken)

" The United States' revenue
from Boston, July 13 say,
Lieutenant-Commander Ran-
SUPPOSED MURDER 9N BOARD SHIP.--Advices
cutter, William Appleton,
Westf
Florida. She brings the mate and
on the
teeth ult., from a cruise
to the south-east coast o
dolph arrived at Key
Enterpxise, of New Orleans, lost
two seamen of the schooner
ro,
bo inlet. The men are charged
on the Bth inst., on Haillls
c t. Moriantes, and the robbery of his
with the murder of p
*no• the vessel on shore, after throw-
trunks, and with runni ,2
board. They sup tli. vessel was beund
' z the captain over
in- to Carthagena, and that she.was to bring a
from Havanna
who were to be sold as slaves on their ar-
rival of Indians,
c • that when off Hillsboro' Captain Mori-
rival at Havana
fell overboard, and while they were en-
antes accidentally .
• to raise him the schooner struck ; that they,
deavouring
the vessel would be a wreck, were obliged to
on finding . f .
abandon the captain to his ate , and that after getting the
moveables from the vessel on shore, they broke open the
captain's trunk, took the specie, and divided it equally
anion, them. Afterwards they launched the longboat,
furnished her with a sail, provisioned her, and set sail down
the coast. At Jupiter inlet they saw the United States
schooner Delaware, and were taken on board. To Cap-
tain Owen they said nothing about the robbery of the
money, but told the story of the captain's death and the
vessel's loss. One of Captain Owen's crew discovered a
belt heavily loaded with money upon the person of one of
the men, and revealed the fact. They were not ar-
rested until Lieutenant Randolph came up with his cutter,
when Captain Doane gave them into his charge excepting
two, who, fearing that they *ernsuspected of crime, had at
night taken their boat and made their escape. There are
•
several very suspicious circumstances about the affair, which
lead the authorities here to believe that murder as well
iti
i
robbery has been committed. Commissioner Brown has a'-.I
an examination and commtited them for trial. Lieutenantoor
Randolph searched the men after the arrest, and found v .
1,000 dols., in gold secreted upon them. The two who
escaped have gone up the west coast, and will no doubt be
overhauled, as the cutter is on their track.,,

ELECTION COMMITTEES.—(This Day.)

The Aylesbury, Ashburton, Gloucester (city), and Hud-
dersfield. committees .resumed their investigations this

morning,

No deeision.has been given in ,either case up to the hour
Of going to press. - .The Aylesbury committee adjourned at
half-past two, owing to the non-attendance of a. witness
named Gadsden.

In The Sun of yesterday we announced the decision of
the committee on the Wakefield and Dartmouth election
Petitions. The formal reports to the House of Commons
are as follow :

• Wakefield.—That Henry Leathern is not
duly elected a burgess to serve in this pres3nt. Farliament ,
for thehorough of Wakefield ; that the last election for the
said borough is a void election ; that William Henry,
Leatham was, by his agents, 'guilty of bribery at the last.
election; that it was proved to thecommittee, that Thomas
Beaumont has been bribed With'the payment of £10; John
Jacksen has been bribed with the payment of £3O ; that •
,John Cousins has been bribed with the payment of £25
that George Senior has been bribed with . the payment of
'430; but that, it was not• proved that such bribery wt..*
committed with the knoWledge and consent of-the sitting
member; that there is !reason to believe that ;corrupt prac-
tices have extensivelyprevailed at the last election for the
said borough of Wakefield. .
• Dartmouth—That Ed. Wyndham Harrington Schenley,
Esq., is not duly elected a burgess to serve in this present
. Parliament for the .borough of Dartmouth ; that the last
'election for the said borough is a void election ; that Ed.
Wyndham Herrington Schenley, Esq., was; by his agents;
guilty of bribery at the ,last election fer,tbe said borough;
that it,was proved to .the committee that
,Richard Mitchel-
more received £lO from Wm. Tucker to induce him'to
stain from voting—that Elizabeth received £2O fronf
Wm.' TuCkerior the of rooms 'at the Dolphin public:-
house, her husband being a .voter, and doting for. Mx.
Schenley half :an hour,. afterwards ; that large sups.* of
money were received by Capt. Bailey and distribut4
him to various members of Mr. Schenley's committee, tut
it does not appear that' the legal expenses. of the election
were defrayed from that source. •

F2V GLAND AND THE. PEACE.

• (From. the Hatworfor mist .)
The easist course for. Great Britain to , pursue
under. present. circumstances would be, no doubt, to
say to the two Emperors-r" 'We protested..against
your going to war; we now wash our hands of
your peace." Mr. Disraeli recommends this course
as most, consistent with our
•. dignity.. We, are .not
sure that he is right. It ..may "suit our national
pride., It would be one way. of,showing something
like pique and resentment towards the Emperor of
the French for not having waited to hear our, ad-
vice. ,But we are not sure that, when a man, by
following his own headstrong determination in op-
position to all the.cOunsels we may have tendered
him, gets himself into.atness, at enca
,embarrassing
to himself and dangerous to others, true dignity
is to be displayed:by turning. our back upon
him and saying with supercilious self; esteem--
" I told you, how it would.. be—yow,may • now
reap what you have sown—thanlt' Ileayen, I
have nothing to. do with it, and, .please
Ido not mean..to have." Would. it not be
better, more dignified, more disinterested, to, say—
" What is done cannot be unclone--but is there no
way by. which we can neutralise the evil of,it, and
expand the good ? .Cannot .we help to mend this
unhappy business?". We are told that Napoleon
wishes the neutral Powers to give as full a prac-
tical development as possible to his prelimipary
bases. Now, if the basesare such, as to admit of
this expansion, and if it be a fact that the Emperor
really, desires us•to breath into his work. a life that
may beautify and utilise it, we .are, net qiiite con-
vinced ,thatwe should. act either a noble or a politic
part to withhold that advice andmoral help towards
relieving Italy from foreign oppression,,which we
wei e ready enough
,to. give before.the.commenoe-
ment of the war. • _ , .

The preliminaries of peace signed at Villafranca
are not positively and necessarily antagonistic to
Napoleon's programme.. The annexation of. Lom-
bardy, to Sardinia contains at least a germ,of
Italian nationality in it, An Italian confederation
under the presidency of the Pope presents the idea
of unity, although. in an impossible shape. Neither
the Pope, nor Victor Emmanuel, :nor the King of
Naples, will consent to, this realisation of the idea.
The sovereigns of Tuscany, Modena and
,Parma are
to be restored to their thrones—but who undertakes
to conduct them back in opposition to the armed
protest of their respective- peoples P , Austria,. of
course, will, npt be allowed to dd that for doing
which she
,was spnimoned to so bloody an account.
France, as we are told will not. Meanwhile the
de la* governments of these states, in concurrence
with the wishes of their people, persist in claiming
to be ruled by Victor Emmanuel. If Napoleon does
not intend to overawe them as his friends very con-
fidently assert—might not the:neutraieowers unite
at the present moment,
.in persuading the belli-
gerents to leave the, solution to the Italians them-
selves ? Might not a treaty, based upon the Villa-
franca preliminaries, really secure 'taly from either
Austrian or French. intervention.? If it were
ascertained that four out of the five great Powers
were favourable to the framing of a permanent
arrangement to this effect, and that the fifth was
in no position to ,resist, would it be wise—cer-
tinly it would not be magnanimous—to refuse our
aid in effecting such a settlement ? For what
would be its result ?, In Italy, the central states,
left to their own political disposition, would range
themselves under Victor Emmanuel, receive consti-
tutional government, and enjoy freedom of Con-
science. Here would be at once an effectual, check
put upon revolution, and Italy left to herself would
not be unlilrely, to become a strong nation; Europe
thus relieved from a perennial source of irritation,
would be all the more , disposed to a general dis-
armament—and, as Mr:..Bright.suggested the other
night, liberal fiscal arrangements might weave
commercial ties between Great Britain
,and France
which would be the best possible guarantee against
future. war, and most effectually destroy our liability
to invasion panics. • •

It seems to us that the way is yet open to the
neutral powers, if they are so agreed, to make the
Peace of Villafranca substantially all that Napoleon
set forth as,the object of the war. They can now
do what they may have desired to be done before
Austria crossed the Ticino. And if the Emperor of
the French really wishes their moral help in coun-
cil, or in congress, in order that it may be done,
surely our national pride ought not to stand in the
way. It is significant that the friends of Austria
are now most urgent in their advice that we should
stand aloof from this peace. Austria herself does
not wish to consult us. There is something suspi-
cious in this sudden change. It looks very much
as, though, regardless of the,woes of Italy,,.our Tory
statesmen would be glad to enable Austria, to return
to the status quo, and profit as largely as possible
by the capricious and mistaken policy
of Napoleon