The Sun.
London, England, 1866-11-01 00:00:00

II MINES.

Ti E St N, LO.N ON, THURSDAY EVE.NING, NOVEMBER 1 1366.

a-r-AriT-y
(fin " Tirtilll7lT
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HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, OCt. 30.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess 'Anise, and
attended by the Duchess of Roxburghe, drove to the
Lynn of Muich.

The Finance 3 of the Uuited

(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
The New York Tribune writes:—" The actual current
revenue of the Federal Government is considerably over
$500,000,000 per annum; its expenditure, including inte-
rest on its public debt and the payment of $100,000,000 of
the principal per annum, are considerably less than
$400,000,000. Iu other words, we can pay every current
charge against the Treasury this year, asd yot extinguish
more than a fifteenth part of our public debt."
This is just what might have been expected from the
existing currency system of the United States. We have
repeatedly stated iu this paper that such would be the
state of things, unless the greatest mismanagement on the
part of the Financial -Secretary of the United States pre-
vented it. _ _

ln the time of urgent need, when civil war with all its
destructive evils raged throughout their country, the
people of the. United States had faith in themselves
Their gold and silver were expended. Yet they found the
means of raising and keeping in the field, for six years, en-
ormous armaments, for constructing a splendid Navy, for
bearing up under the derangements of their foreign trade
and their domestic industry, in an idea. What was that
idea ? One of their own writers has thus expressed it:
`1 Gold does not represent wealth more than real estate and
certain kinds of property, since productive farms, mines,
furnaces, mills, and factories, and labour-saving machinery,
generally, are more valuable than gold, under a wise poli-
tical economy." They went on to carry out this idea into
practice. They recognised the truth that circulating notes
" ansVer a bettetipurpose for domestic business transac-
tions than specie, and can be secured US effectuaiiy on a
property as on a gold basis."
With no sparing hand then did their Government
having received the sanction of the people's representatives
issue out paper money based on the whole property of the
American nation. _

"For domestic purposes and home circulation," says the
writer before quoted, " our present national currency is
more available than gold, and being secured by first moil.-
gage bonds on our property, while the issues are regulated
by the Government, there is no danger from suspension
and bankruptcy."
Before this paper money Was issuel the people of the
United States had determined to submit to any sacrifice to
subdue the South. They had the will—paper money en-
dued them with the powar_ " I have no money," a far West
farmer might say, "gold is drained away and is a fabulous
price, but I have sheep and oxen at the service of tho Com-
monwealth." " I have no property," said the working man,
"but I have arms and legs at the service of my country."
Then Government issued the almighty greenback. The
people had faith in themselves. The contractor gave his
stores, the soldier accepted his ray, the Minister of State
took his salary in these bits of paper. The farmer pur-
chased greenbacks with his sheep and oxen. The working
man bought greenbacks with his labour. These green-
backs, the representatives of aportion of the nation's wealth
and the nation's labour, were paid in for taxes and again
issued out by Government.
So the war came to a successful issue. Then came the
reaction. What would become of the men lately employed
in fighting? What would become of the army contractors?

The gunpowder makers? What became of them was this.
They turned to productive industry in the place of destruc-
tive industry; The fight was over, and now " labour-sav-
ing machinery, furnaces, mills, and factories" claimed their
exertions. For the money remained. Happily for the
United States the national currency was not withdrawn.
The paper money which had done so much for them in
war did more for them in peace. So, says an American
bullionist correspondent of the Times, " with all but the
poorest classes money is a drug ; they do not know what

to do with it ; they pay enormous prices for everything
they eat and wear, for their dwelling, and every comfort

of life ; pay heavy taxes without grumbling, and give
freely to political and charitable objects." As for the

workiug men they are all employed, and get high wages
for their labour, as they ought to do. It is the abundance

of national currency which enables the poor man to obtain
high wages—thore is plenty of money to give in exchange
for his labour. .The producer is able to add the amount of

his taxation to the cost of production, and to charge a
high price for tho products of industry. As a consumer
the working man and the manufacturer pay their fair
share of the national taxation.

Cheap and dear aro only relative terms. In a heavil

taxed country, like America, everything ought in justice
to be at a high price. Especially should the working man,

tho creator of the nation's wealth, obtain a high price for
his labow. And at the present time in America he does

It may be said that the war made America " poorer by

all the property destroyed, all the gunpowder burnt, al
the devastation of the South, and all the able-bodied labour•
ing men who were killed." No doubt it did. But there
was another cause in operation all the time making Ame-
rica richer. That cause was the abundance of money
which even while the war continued was employed in their
mines, and furnaces and factories, their forests and prairies,
in developing the country's resources. Since the conclu-
sion of peace this process has been going on with increased
rapidity.
The movement of trade at New York for the current
year shows that the revenues of the Government are be-
coming larger than over. The receipts from customs from
Jan. 1 to Sept. 22 have been $101,680,500, against
$70,481,835 for the corresponding period of 1865—an in-
crease of $31,198,705 during but little more than two-
thirds of the year. The receipts of gold at New York
from California and elsewhere during the same period have
been $31,612,256, against $13,728,147 for the correspond-
ing period of last year—an increase of $17,884,109. The
exports of specie toEurope have been $53,962,450, as com-
pared with $`21,830,124—an increase of $32,132,326, there
having been $14,248,217 more specie shipped to Europe
during the period referred to than was received at Now
York from all sources."—Tintei Correspondent, Oct 2.
During the panic here the Americans sent us in three
weeks no less than eight millions sterling of gold.
GOld is in fact cheaper, in relation to othercommodities,
than anything else in the United States. It is not wanted
for a circulating medium at home, and is therefore free for
the uses of foreign trade. A very large amount of gold is
now held in the Government Treasury, and not the
slightest difficulty exists in paying the interest in gold on
the part of the debt which was issued on that under-
standing. Of course, with a superabundant revenue, the
United States can purchase at the price of the day any
required amount of gold.
There is, too, we are told,
on the American market."
" The people do not wander far outside the regions of
safe securities."

"no wild speculative projects

There is one more remarkable fact to be stated. The
population in 1860 was 31,443,321. It is in 1866, 35,500,000.
Paper money has carried on the war, raised an enormous
revenue, created a monstrous debt which it appears able
to redeem at pleasure. It has resuscitated trade, promoted
the prosperity of the nation, enabled it to buy gold at
pleasure, and it has brought men, by the inducements
which its flourishing condition have held out to the work-
ing classes of the old world, to four times the amount of
those who perished in the War.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE—This Day.

MANSION-HOUSE.

----.--_, _
EMBEZZLEMENT BY A CLERK.—Joseph Morris, 23, Alfred-
place, Bedford-square, was brought up on remand before
Mr. Alderman Lusk charged with embezzling several
cheques and moneys, the property of his employers, Messrs.
Groucutt and Co., iron dealers, Bilston, Staffordshire.
Mr. Beard appeared for the prosecution, and a profes-
sional gentleman on behalf of the prisoner to watch • the
case. _ .

From the evidence adduced previously and to-day; it
appeared that the prisoner had beau employed for several
years as clerk in the firm of Groucutt, and at the time that
he was alleged to have committed the different acts of em
bezzlemeut charged against him he was engaged at an office
of the company in Cannon-street at a salary of £3. Last
August Mr. Daniel Groucutt, ono of the firm, finding
that the prisoner had discontinued clrresponding with
him, came to London, and then discovered the frauds in
question. It was clearly proved that the prisoper had been
paid divers cheques and moneys from customers of the
prosecutors for which he had not accounted, and a letter
dated the early part of last month from the'prisoner was
put in as evidence, admitting that ho had been guilty of
defrauding his employers, and ho ascribed his misconduct
to difficulties caused by unsuccessful speculation. At his
lodgings some scrip and betting books were found.
Alderman Lusk, at the close of the evidence, committed
the prisoner for trial at the Central Criminal Court.
The prisoner applied to be admitted to bail.
Alderman Lusk said that the frequency of these em-
bezzlements became very serious. Scarcely a day passed
that there were not 3 or 4 of them brought before the
magistrates. It was very painful to see a young man like
the prisoner, who held a good situation, guilty of the
offence with which he was charged, but under the circum-
stances ho refused bail.

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
WASTONMISCIIIEF.—WiIIiatiI Parr, described as a stable-
man, without any home, was charged before Mr. Knox
with wilfully smashing a large pane of glass in the shop
window of Mr. William Higgs, chemist, No. 35, Piccadilly.
Mr. Biggs said last night, about nine o'clock, I was in
my parlour, and, hearing a crash of
glass, went out, and
saw the prisoner standing in front °tiny shop. The priso-
ner stepped up to me and calmly said, " I'm the man who
did it. I wish to be given in chs.rgfs;' A sent for a con-
stable and gave the prisoner in charge; '
Mr. Knox—What is the value of the glass ?
Mr. Higgs —Three pounds.
Mr. Knox--Are you insured ?
Mr.. Higgs —I am not.
Police-constable Lethbridge, 58 o—On going to Mr.
Higgs's shop, and asking the prisoner.why he had broken
the window, he said that he could not get a night's lodging,
so he broke the window to get one. The prisoner had been
to the Vine-street station to get an order for the work-
house, but they were all gone, and the prisoner left saying
he was determined to have a lodging, and went into Jer-
myn-street, and having provided himself with a piece of
brick went back and broke the window.
Prisoner—l've no questions to ask. I did it to get a
lodging for the night.
Mr. Knox—lf that was your object you might have
broken a smaller window at any rate. The unfortunate
gentleman (Mr. Higgs) never did you any harm. It is a
wanton and atrocious piece of mischief, and I shall send
you for the full term of two months with hard labour.

Norwich Musical Festival.

NORWICH, Wednesday.

The intelligent traveller, on his arrival at Norwich,
ought, according to the local handbook, to be reminded of
the description given of it by Fuller—or "old" Fuller, to
give him his indispensable epithet. " Norwich," he wrote,
"is (as you please) a city in an orchard,-or an orchard in a
city." Most men would prefer for continued residence a
city in an orchard, but at the present moment what Nor-
wich really resembles is an immense fair. All the houses,
without exception, seem to be decorated, some with flags,
some with bouquets, garlands, or other floral devices, and
all with illumination lamps. Of cours3 every shop in the
town is shut, and equally, as a matter of course, every first
floor along the line of procession is thrown open, the win-
dows being blocked up with an eager crowd of loyal sight-
seers. The weather, which on Monday was cloudy, and
on Tuesday rainy, is to-day magnificently fine, so that the
female beauty for which Nmfulk (in common with every
county in England) enjoys (in the county itself) a particu-
lar celebrity is seen to great advantage, irradiated, as it
always should be on such out-of-door• occasions
as this by a moderate amount of sunshine. Volunteers of
every arm, reinforced by a troop of dragoon guards,
detached specially for festival service from a regiment
quartered at Colchester, are parading the streets. Most of
the neighbouring gentry who take an interest in the pro-
ceedings have already arrived, and now, at the last
moment, excursion trains are pouring out their human
contents into the town, while little squads of Norfolk far-
mers come riding in on horseback.
Desperate exertions are being made to obtain good places

for the great sight. Prices rise up as the critical moment
draWs near. When it begins to be whispered that the royal
party aro about to pass through the first triumphal arch

fresh points of view are discovered, and the right of profit-
ing by them quickly disposed of. Then the sound of can-
non in the distance is beard, and immediately afterwards I
observe that several enterprising visitors, emulous of the
fame of Dr. W. 11. Russell, and mistaking the peaceful en-
try of the Prince and Princess of Wales into the loyal city
of Norwich for the battle of Sadowa, are hurrying to take
up their position on the top of the cathedral tower.
It has perhaps been already stated that their Royal
Highnesses the Prince and Princess'of Wales, accompanied
by her Majesty the Queen of Denmark, were to leave
Sandringham for Costessy flail on Tuesday (yesterday)
afternoon, and that a grand display of fireworks was to take
place on their arrival. The following nobility and gentry
had been invited by Lord and Lady Stafford to meet their
royal guests :—The Earl and Countess of Leicester and
Lady Anne Coke, Lord and Lady Sondes and the Hon.
Mis's Mulles, Lord and Lady Suffield, the Earl of Gosford,
Viscount Duncan, Lord and Lady Lovat and the Hon.
Charlotte Fraser, the Hon. the Master of Lovat, Hon.
Wm. and Mrs. Stafford Jerningham, Mr. Fitzosbert Staf-
ford Jerningham, Mr. and Mrs. Basil Fitzherbert, Sir
Robert Gerard, Major and Mrs. Gerard, and the Hon.
Francis Stonor. Lieut.-Gen. Knollys, Major Grey, and the
lion. Mrs. Stonor were in attendance on the prince and
princess, and the Countess Reventlow and Captain Cus-
tenschiold on the Queen of Denmark. The arrangements

made by Lord Stafford for his illustrious guests are said to
have been of the most complete kind, and to have comprised
everything that good taste could suggest and wealth secure,
The royal cortege was accompanied from Costessy by an
escort of Dragoon Guards and of Norfolk Light Horse, and
was met at the boundary of the city, near the Hellesdon toll-
gate, by the mayor and other officers of the corporation, who
accompanied it to St. Giles-gate. Then a procession was
formed, in which the chief constable, a party of mounted
police, a detachment of the Ist Norfolk Rifle Volunteers, a
deputation from various friendly societies, several flag-
bear ers, a great variety of clerks (to the guardians, to the
burial board, to the board of health, and so on), a large
number of councillors, aldermen, and magistrates (four
abreast), the city banner, the mace, the sword of justice,
and, finally, the under-sheriff and sheriff, the deputy-mayor
and mayor, took part. These and other civic and county
authorities were followed by an escort of the lst Norfolk
Light Horse Volunteers, which immediately preceded their
Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales and
suite. More volunteers, horse and foot, formed the coda of
the procession, which was of a brilliant and imposing cha-
racter. No one not belonging to the escort or the suite, or
who did not in some capacity join in the procession, can say
positively at this moment what took place asit passed down
the narrow and densely-crowded streets through which its
destined course lay. But there is reason to believe that on
arriving at the Guildhall their royal highnesses alighted at
the great south door, and were conducted to the council
chamber. It was also on the official cards of the ceremony
that an address from the corporation would there be pre-
sented by tho mayor, and another from the bishop
and clergy by the lord bishop, who was ac-
companied by the chancellor, the archdeacon, the
canons in residence, the proctors for the clergy,
the rural dean of Norwich, and the registrar. The pro-
cession was then reformed, and the prince and princess
were escorted, as before, to St. Andrew's Hall, where they
wore received in the most enthusiastic manner by the im-
mense crowd assembled round the building.
In the meanwhile the musical performance had been
going on for some time, but without obtaining much atten-
tion from the audience, who were probably not unwilling
to hear Spohr's anthem, " 0 blessed, blessed are they,'
followed by Mr. Costa's oratorio of " Naaman," but who
were bout above all on seeing the Prince and Princess,and
could think of nothing else until their arrival. Then, their
Royal Highnesses having actually arrived, the public could
still think of nothing else until their departure, which did
not take place until the oratorio was at an end; so that on the
whole the music of this morning did not—indeed could not,
under the circumstances—meet with the attention which
in itself it deserved. Spohr's anthem had, it appears, never
been heard before at Norwich, and the amateurs of the town
may well consider that they have not heard it even now.
The only musical novelty that has yet been produced at
this festival is Mr. Sullivan's overture "In Memoriam,"
which was played at last night's concert.

A BIRTHPLACE OF CHOLERA.—The town of
Pundhurpore, which is 119 miles from Poona, and is on
the right bank of the Bheema (or Chundrabhage) river,
has the distinction of being the dwelling-place of the idol
Vitoba, believed by Hindoos to be au incarnation of
Vishnu that appeared at that place. This idol is the
chief object of worship among the Murathas, and pil-
grims come from far to see it. The worship is considered
to be of more than usual virtue in two seasons of the year,
which fall in July and October, and last from the 11th day
of the waxing to the 11th day of the waning moon. At
these times from 50,000 to 100,000 pilgrims are added
to the 14,000 residents is Pundhurporo. Dr. Leith, presi-
dent of the Bombay Sanitary Commission, who inspected
the place last year, states that the temple of Vitoba com-
prises tines ante-chambers and the idol chamber, the last
being Bft. by Bft. in size, with a domed roof SOft. high,
under which stands the stone image of the idol. The pil-.
grime, entering the second ante-chamber, find there one or
more of theßudwaee Brahmins, who inherit the revenue of
the temple, and who in allowing entrance to it.give a pre-
ference to those whose offerings aro most worthy, keeping
out others by the free use of the toba, or knotted handker-
chief. Before entering the temple the pilgrims are crowded
into anarrow court, where the total free area is only about
449 square yards. Here they have to stand or sit packed
close together for many hours, and the poor and feeble,
who are unable to force their way, may remain from morn-
ing to night, fasting from obligation, or having eaten earth
nuts only, thirsty, heated, and fatigued by the struggle.
and breathing an atmosphere polluted' by the crowd, and
by the filthiness naturally resulting from the long confine-
ment of so many people unable to retire when requiring
to do so. About 20 are allowed to enter the temple to do
obeisance each time the Budwa, inside opens the door.
The crushing is so great that there is not room to move
one's arms, and the air is suffocating. The clothes are
wet with perspiration, and by the time the idol chamber
is reached the devotees are bewildered and nearly un-
conscious, and so dazzled by the light there, after the dark-
ness they have been in, that they can scarcely understand
the instructions of the poojaree to present their offering.
The inner walls become damp with the moisture exl.iled
by the crowd, and the idolalso becomes wet, and the priest
then says the god is fatigued. After passing through the
temple the exhausted pilgrim returns, if he be rich enough,
to a crowded lodging in the town or to a tent, and if ho be
poor he lies down without other shelter than his blanket
or sheet in the damp air of the uncovered portion of the
river bed, having drunk of its water that has been reck-
lessly polluted and defiled by man and beast. On. the 15th
day of the two sacred seasons it is the custom fot the pil-
grims to visit the neighbouring temple of Kala Gopal. This
visit is attended with great licence and revelry, and the
concourse of people is immense. Caste is ignored, and all
join in the sports the god is said to have enjoyed in his
youth, and after dancing together under the suspended pot
of curds, and smearing themselves and each other with the
contents of the pot when it is broken, they all sup of it to-
gether. The revenue of the temple of Vitoba is not exactly
known, but it is estimated that 60,000 rs. are collected by
the Budwaeo ; the Government payment is rather more
than 3,000 rs, and is given to asommitteo who spend it for
the temple according to their discretion. It has for many.
with
virulence been noticed that cholera frequently appears s
virulence at the Pundhurpore pilgrimage, and that
it is
subsequently spread over the country by the returning
survivors of the pilgrims. The seeds of the diseasethr could
scarcely find more favourable circumstances for their
development. The lanes and alleys of Pundhurporo aro
abused to such purposes as to be nearly unpoafssotlsehtaoven
stranger in the morning until the multitudes.,
done their well.; as scavengers. Dr. Leith's I
from
el
with a view to prevent the gathering of therape
Inded various
being so dangerous to life, and he.hasfroercott
To better ventila-
improvements intended to provide .
mping ground for the
tion of the temple, secure dry
. pilgrims, provide clean drinkingevater and good drainage
rid the streets of nuisances, and prevent over-crowding in
the houses. The pilgrimage ought not to be encouraged,
but it
welfareitcanno require
suppressed, and humanity and the corn- '
that its mischiefs and dangers be by
all legitimate and practicable means abated.

NOTES

FROM
TRAINING DISTRICTS.

THIS DAY.

11M11,1) EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, 7 o'CLocK.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.—This Day

• WORCESTER RACES—This DAY.
BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
LADIES' PLATE.
The Ladies' Plato of 25 sovs added to a Sweepstakes of 5
sovs each; the winner to ho sold. for 50 sous; five fur.
Mr. S. Houghton's Adarnanthea (Wyat) 1
Mr. Astley's Ovextonian t (Ribber° 2
Vieroy, Laura, Pas de Charge, Bonne Fortune, ;And
Esiicrald:t also ran. Betting— G to 4 agA Adamanthea, 5
to 1 agst Laura, 6to 1 agst others. Won b 1 a length and
a half.

... Bright on the Irish Land Question.

DUBLIN, Wednesday Evening.
Pursuant to arrangement, a deputation from the
Cork Farmers' Club waited on Mr. Bright at 12
o'clock to-day, at the residence of Mr. Jas. Haugh-
ton, for the purpose of presenting him with an
address.
Mr. BRIGHT said in reply—Mr. Murphy and gen-
tlemen, I am in a much greater difficulty than I
should be if I had 300 or 400 people to speak to on
an occasion of this kind ; but I observe, in the
second paragraph of the address which you have
kindly brought, that you refer to supposed services
which I have rendered to the cause of humanity and
freedom. The fact is, I feel, what I suppose every-
body feels who is honestly engaged in public life,
that after a great deal of work, after many years of
labour, very little has been done ; for the world
seems to move on very slowly, and what any man
can do to make it move appears to be very little.
But I have always had the opinion that people are
very much what their laws make them. I entirely
disbelieve those theories which assume that it does
not matter very much what kind of laws you have,
that after all everything depends on a man's self.
A great deal depends on the laws ; and I think if
we trace history back and look over the countries
we know something of, we shall find that the people
are in the main what their laws and institutions
make them. Now, my mind, from a very young
age has led me always to a feeling that laws should
be equal, and should be just—that all the people
living in a country have an equal right to be con-
sidered and well treated by the institutions and laws
under which they live. Now in this country, more
perhaps than in almost any other country in Europe,
that has not been the principle on which the Go-
vernment has been conducted ; because it is quite
clear that the laws have been made until recently
by a party, or rather for the supremacy of a party,
than for the whole people. And as regards the
land, which is the question to which you par-
ticularly refer, there can be no kind of doubt of
this—that the laws have been absolutely the pro-
duct of the selfishness and ignorance of the landed
proprietors, and by no means the product of the
general intelligence of all classes in this country. It
is the same to a great extent in England, where Mr.
Murphy knows perfectly well that in the House of
Commons there are questions which you can dis-
cuss with an expectation that they will be fairly
considered ; but if you come to any question con-
nected with the land—with the supremacy of that
particular property in the country—argument is of
no avail whatever ; and the slightest tendency to
what I would call intelligence and justice with re-
gard to that subject is met with the most deter-
mined opposition by the great landowning classes
in the house. Of course there are many admirable
exceptions there as there are here, but on the whole
the great weight of that party and class is directed
against any wise change in regard to the laws affect-
ing their property. Now, twenty years ago they
thought we were going to ruin them when we were
proposing to allow corn to come to this country
free of duty, and I believe there were many of them
who did absolutely believe that their estates would
be of no value, and that as far as landowning went
in Great Britain and Ireland the world was about
coining to an end. They find now they have got
rid of all the odium of that system, and at the same
time they have not got rid of their land, but their
land is of more value than ever it was. Certainly
in England farmers are in a more satisfactory posi-
tion than they were before. The whole tone of
society in England is wonderfully improved by the
change which took place in 1846. I believe that if
in England and in Ireland the laws of political
economy were applied to land, we should find just
as great a change, from this point forward, with
regard to matters which are influenced by laws affect-
ing land as we have found in past times by the
Abolition of the laws which prevented the importa-
tion. I remember my lamented friend Mr. Cobden,
who was not likely to undervalue the effect Of free
trade in corn, saying, on more than one occa-
sion, that the men who should hereafter entirely
free the land, place the laws with regard to land on
a just and satisfactory footing, would at least con-
fer as great a benefit upon the people as he and
those of that former agitation had been able to con-
fer by the success of their movement. He was no
mean judge of such a matter, and his opinion is
worth taking now ; for he was not a man of violent
party at all, but judged this question, perhaps, with
adispassionateness and intelligence which have never
been exceeded by any public man amongst us. Now
there is this great difficulty in discussing the whole
Irish question. The great Church party is the Tory
party. The boundaries which mark out the limits
of the Established Church are almost the boundaries
which mark out the limits of the Tory party. They
think that if the Irish Church were got rid of, if the
voluntary principle were established as the universal
practice in Ireland, that principle would by-and-bye
cross the Channel and raise a similar contest, to be
settled in like manner, in Great Britain. And al-
though if you were at the Antipodes—l am speak-
ing of the Church as a political institution—you
might sweep it off the face of the earth, and there
would be no tears shed in the House of
Commons ;
yet being so near us they have no doubt a great
and, to some extent, a natural dread that the same
thing would be asked for and done hereafter in Eng-
land. And so with regard to land, in a degree not
less obvious. They think that the concession of any
measure of tenant right, or security for a tenant for
his improvements, would be followed by some coer-
cive movement on the part of the tenants ; and in
England and Scotland the tenants are so powerful,
that if they ever once put their beads in one direc-
tion there is no possibility of withstanding them.
They are much more powerful than the tenants are
here, because you, acting alone, have to act upon a
great and powerful body in London. If you had a
Parliament in College-green, clearly the tenantry
of Ireland, with the present feeling in Ireland,
would be able to force that Parliament to any
measure of justice they named. But as you have
to deal with a great Parliament sitting in Lon-
don, all the clamour you may make or the demands
you may urge from this side of the Channel come
with a very feeble effect in London, especially as it
can only be represented by about 100 members ; and
of these it unfortunately happens that a considerable
number are not willing to support the demands that
are made. But if in England the tenantry, and in
Scotland the tenant farmers—the most capable, the
most intelligent, and the best agriculturists, per-
haps, in the world—if they were to join in favour of
measures such as resolutions hostile to the game laws,
hostile to any injustice which is supposed to exist with
regard to the improvement of tenants, it would be
quite impossible for the Parliament to resist their
demands. You see, therefore, the great difficulty
you have to contend with. You have to wrest your
rights from a Parliament sitting in London, to whom
you send 105 members. Perhaps half are not in fav-
our of your rights, and therefore the other fifty, so
t° say, are lost in the 600 they find there ; and the
effort on the part of your members to do anything is
one of the most disheartening things that any repre-
sentative of the people can have to do. (Hear, hear.)
I have since I have been in Parliament—which is
now 23 Years—heard one hundred times—nay, much
oftener—blame attached to the Irish members for the
little they do there.
I believe at this moment the
Irish Liberal members are the most respectable and
the most respected and most influential of all the
Liberal members who have sat in Parliament during
these 23 years. That is my opinion.
I think it is
admitted in the House of Commons universally that
the Irish Liberal members in this Parliament are not
inferior but are superior to the Irish Liberal mem-
bers that sat in former Parliaments duringthe last 25
years. But notwithstanding that, and though I think
they have a corresponding increase of influence, yet
it is one of the most difficult things in the Ikerld for 50
men, acting amongst 600 men some hundreds of miles
from those whom they represent, to work up any
questions which may be against the prejudices and
sympathies of the 600 amongst whom they are acting,
and therefore Irish constituencies, whilst they should
make no allowance in favour of any of those mem-
bers who are not honest towards them and do not do
their duty, yet for those who are honest, and do
their duty, they should make proper allowance.
These are difficulties for English members, as the

Irish members would find if their Parliament was
sitting in this country. Now, what can be done
with regard to this question ? I say I don't know.
I cannot do much. I have always given what sup-
port I could to any proposition that appeared to me
reasonable and right on this question in Parliament.
During the last session we had the great advan-
tage of the assistance of a most eminent man, the
member for Westminster, Mr. John Stuart Mill. If
this Government goes—which is not a thing im-
probable, and is a thing probably to be desired—
another Government coming in will no doubt be
under a distinct pledge to endeavour to settle this
land question upon a sensible and just arrangement,
and from that something may be gained ; but I
believe what we have most to rely upon is the hope
that before long we shall have a better representa-
tion. (Hear, hear.) There is nothing in the world
more certain than this—that if you call a meeting
in any part of Great Britain, where you get a fair
average of middle-class people or working-class
people, and you state to them, in such a manner as
I have been accustomed to do—state with any de-
gree of consciousness and fairness what you want
in this respect—l believe you will not find a sensible
man to dissent from the proposition that these ques-
tions are of great importance, and ought to be en-
tertained and adjusted by the Government and the
Parliament. Therefore, if the time should come—
and I hope it is not far distant—that the people are
let in, and that Parliament is made more popular—
if you like, more democratic—the complaints made
from this side of the Channel will be listened to
there with more attention ; and of your hundred or
so, as many of them as may be in favour of justice
to Ireland will find an increased and increasing
power there to sympathise with them, and bring
these questions to some wise and just arrangement.
(Hear, hear.) Now, I do not know I have any
more to say. lam very sensible of your kindness,
and it appears to me unfair and unreasonable that
any of the citizens of Cork should come up here on
this occasion and address me in the manner you
have done. The Irish question has been to me
one of great interest from my first connexion with
public life. Ido not know how, whether it is from
natural love of what is just or not, but I had always
a great sympathy with the Irish people and Irish
questions, and as long as I remain in Parliament or
in public life, or in life at all, and am capable of
thinking, I believe I shall be of opinion that we in
this generation do owe it to ourselves, and owe it to
Ireland, to make such amends as we can for an
amount of neglect and cruelty and injustice,
civilisedustice,comor-
mitted in the past, such as I think no
Christian nation has ever inflicted on other nations.
(Hear, hear.)

RAILWAY AND OTHER COMPANIES.

OTTOMAN (SMYRNA TO AIDIN).

A meeting of debenture holders in this compauy
was held yesterday at the London Tavern—Sir M.
Stephenson in the chair.

Mr. Cooke, the secretary, having read the notice
convening the meeting,
The CHAIRMAN said that the anxious and unceas-

ing attention of the board had been given to the
debenture question, in the earnest desire, while re-
specting the due priority of the several claims, to do
what was best for the interests of all. Until the line
was opened the anxiety was only too well founded,
upon the possible contingencies attending its non-
completion. Now all risks were ended, the line was
accepted, and the Government guarantee recognised
from the Ist July last. They had a guarantee of
£112,000 a year for 42 years yet to run, whatever
might be the results of the working of the railway.
It was therefore a certainty, and the sole question to
be decided was the particular application of this fund
during the next few years. The strictly legal posi-

ion of the first bondholders was and undoubted

;hat they could insist on the exclusive application of
;he whole amount to pay their interest and principal.

There were advantagesattendiug this plan, that the
debt would be much earlier liquidated and thereby
raise the value of the second debentures. But there
was much to be said in favourof paying interest on both
classes of bonds,and applying the balance to redeem
the principal of the first, the strongest reason being
that by punctually paying the interest on the second
bonds (£301,000 of which were held as security for
the £250,000 first bonds) the value of the security
would be so much increased as to probably admit of
the first debentures being paid off at an earlier date.
In the former case the first holders would on the Ist
May next receive £25,000 interest and £31,000 in
part of the principal. In the -following year they
would have received the interest and over £lOO,OOO
of the principal, and in 1869 the whole would be
paid, leaving a balance of about £-10,000, which,
with the guarantee of the following years, mould
suffice to payoff all the arrear interest of the second
bondholders. In the second alternative of paying the
current interest on both classes of bonds, the only
prejudice to the first first holders would be the more
gradual but not the less certain payment of the
principal extending over five years instead of three
years, but with the probability of a much earlier pay-
ment from the increased value of the second bonds,
should their interest be regularly paid. He had
endeavoured to explain the exact position of all
parties interested, and to show that time and a re-
solute adherence to a definite course of action were
alone required to clear off all engagements, and to
place the company in a sound position, and there
were now reliable funds aiailable for the purpose.
The most judicious step would be to appoint a
committee of the second bondholders to co-operate
with the former committee of the first bondholders
and with the Board, and to report the result on an
early day. (Hear.)
A long and angry discussion ensued, in the course
of which legal proceedings were threatened by indi-
vidual shareholders to enforce payment of the first
bonds.

Mr. ROOFER, solicitor to the company, said it was
no use to threaten all sorts of proceedings. The
first bondholders had a good, sound, and safe mort-
gage, but they must wait for their money. There
had recently been another bill filed in Chancery
against the company.
theyThereweresixeight h
ai
l n
con-
ducted by solicitors of high position the ex-
penses and injury would be very serious.
Those gentlemen were convinced as to What should
be done under the circumstances, and that, if a
reasonable time was given, the company would pay
every shilling of interest and principal.
Mr. MORRIS, solicitor on the part of the first
bondholders, agreed in the view of appointing a com-
mittee of second bondholders to meet and consult
with the committee of first bondholders. They
should be prepared to make concessions on both
sides and report the result of their conference at an
early day.
It was resolved that a committee of the second
bondholders, consisting Of Mr. Surgey, Mr. Pays,
be appointed to confer with the first
bondholders' -tidori Dent,ders' committee and the BbardofDire ectors
as to the most desirable course to adopt in tb
com-
mon interest. _ _

The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks
to the zhairinan and directors.

CRIEFF AND METIIVEN.

The half-yearly meeting was held at Crieff on
Monday—Mr. Grahame in the chair.

The report stated that the line was opened on the
21st May, and that the sum of £231 stood at re-
venue account, which it was proposed to carry for-
ward. The Caledonian, in place of the Scottish
North Eastern, worked the line, and held half the
stock. The directors were well satisfied with the man-
ner in which the traffic was conducted. The capital
account showed an expenditure of £53,823. The
cost of the line would exceed the estimate, but would
yet be moderate.

The report was approved.
The formation of the Crieff and Comrie line, con-
tinuing the communication westwards, would, it was
expected, be proceeded with immediately.

WEST FLANDERS.
The report of the directors states that, after pro-
viding for the fixed charges there remained a balance
of £7,144, out of which the directors proposed to
pay a dividend of 4s. 6d. per share, being an increase
of 6d, per share as compared with the corresponding

half of last year, payable on the 15th of November,
carrying forward a balance of £1,124, which the
directors proposed to apply to the partial liquidation
of the debt due for carriages and trucks, amounting
to £1,305. Since the last meeting the directors had
paid £2,053, being the balance on the account due
for locomotives. The directors had signed on the
25th of October a provisional convention with the
French Government for the extension of the line
from Poperinghe over the French frontier to Haze-
brouck. The capital account to 30th of June last
showed that £599,566 had been expended.