The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 24, 1859,

a short speech, and departed with the customary
salutation, " With God, brothers !" to which he
received a " with God" in reply. The choice of
officials removed the slightest doubt as to the poli-
tical bias of the assembly. The member for Belgrade,
a salt merchant, named Mischa, was chosen as pre-
sident—a man of small capacity, but who, from his
enormous wealth, has played an influential part in
Servia, and in all the changes and chances of the
times has managed to be upon the winning side.
One of the most zealous agents of the Obrenovitsch
party, the district-commandant Michailovitsch, was
selected as vice-president. The plan of the cam-
paign was arranged in nightly sittings at the house
of the president, and consisted simply in the resolu-
tion to compel the Prince to resign the chief military
command to the Scuptsckina, or, failing this, to
decree his deposition. How their design sped is
now matter of history.

ELIAS GARASCHANIN.—There exists in Servia a
class of nobles which those less favoured by fortune
endeavour to decry, by styling them, in allusion to
the animals which constitute their chief possessions,
the pig-dealer aristocracy. Certain it is, never-
theless, that many sound thinking, and, in their
way, distinguished men belong to this body, some
of whom have originated valuable measures of
reform. One of the most ancient and distinguished
of these families is that of Garaschanin, and
none of the name enjoy a higher reputation than
Elias. Born in 1807, in the village of Garasch,
he had added to the benefits of an excellent educa-
tion by foreign travel before he entered upon a
public career. In 1844 he was nominated by Prince
Alexander, in whose election he had played a con-
spicuous part, as Minister of Education. His exer-
tions in this capacity are deserving of high praise.
He invited to Servia teachers and scientific men in
all branches, sent at the expense of government
young Servians to London, Paris, Berlin, Prague,
and Vienna, established libraries and museums and
even instituted agricultural schools. Milosch had
purposely allowed the formerly existing schools to
fall into disuse, as he said, from religious motives.
Garaschan in founded and carried on with success an
entire system of national instruction. Upon his
nomination, in 1852, as Chancellor and Minister
President, he advocated the schemes of the national
party with a zeal that rendered his removal neces-
sary a year later. After the Eastern war he became
confessedly a protege of the French consul, Des
Essards, whose intercession in his favour with E them
Pacha occasioned his being again forced upon the
Prince in 1858 as minister by that functionary. He
bore an active part in the intrigues formed against
Alexander, and was one of the chief movers in pro-
moting the summons of the Scuptschina. Garas-
chanin is one of the provisional government chosen
by the Scuptschina to carry on the affairs of the
country until the return of Milosch. In person he
is a man of commanding appearance, with a strongly
developed Roman nose, flashing eyes, and black
bushy beard.
Wuksitsch Peritschisch bore an honourable share
in the Servian war of liberation under Milosch,
and belongs to the notables of the people. Without
having received the slightest education during his
military career, his undoubted eminence in the
state is due solely to his experience and to the
aptitude with which he adapts himself to the various
situations into which he has been thrown. In 1825
he aided Milosch in thesuppression of an outbreak,
but five years later was at the head of an opposition
intended to bring the prince under the influence of
the chiefs. An attempted insurrection to this end
in 1835 was quelled, without Milosch daring to
bring the leaders chief among whom was Wuksitsch,
to justice. When the Porte, by a hatti scheriff of
February 22, 1839, established a Senate to control
the acts of the Servian ruler Wuksitsch was
among those nominated to the dignity. Milosch
was unable to agree with his new assistants iu the
cares of the State, and intrigued to abolish their
functions by the aid of the troops, but was so far
worsted as to be forced to nominate Wuksitsch to
the chief military command. Chiefly by his means
Milosch was forced to abdicate in June, 1839, in
favour of his son Milan, upon whose accession
Wuksitsch, Jephrem Obrenovitsch, and Amram
Petronievitsch were associated with him in the
government by the Porte. In consequence of the
intrigues already noticed, Wuksitsch and Petronie-
vitsch were driven into exile, from which however
they were recalled in 1844, to the extreme delight
of the people. Both then took office in the ministry,
and much of the wise and prudent course of the
Government in later years is ascribed to their
counsels. Wuksitch is of a thoroughly genuine Ser-
vian nature, wild as a beast of prey and crafty as a
fox. IJis colossal stature, simple attire, and camp
habits render him popular to a degree hardly
credible. For some years he has retired into pri-
vate life, but still possesses much influence upon
public opinion. From his antecedents it is scarcely
probable that he will view the return of Milosch
with a favourable eye.—Daily News.

RELIEF OF THE SUFFERERS BY THE
DISTURBANCES IN INDIA.

A report of the Calcutta sub-committee of the
Fund for the Relief of Sufferers by the Disturb-
ances in India, issued on the 3d November last, with
a somewhat voluminous appendix, contains some
information of interest with regard to the adminis-
tration of the funds placed at their disposal. The
committee commence by submitting to the sub-
scribers a balance-sheet of the'receipts and expen-
diture, from the establishment of the fund in July,
1857, to the 31st October, 1858. The amounts are
calculated in Company's rupees. The receipts in-
clude subscriptions in Calcutta, 1,96,027 r. ; Madras,
78,000 r. ; Ceylon, 24,000 r. ; London, 1,91,717 r. ;
Liverpool, 86,161 r. ; Glasgow, 48,484 r. ; Manches-
ter, 47,761 r. ; Mauritius, 36,000 r. ; Hong Kong,
15,147 r. ; Cape of Good Hope, 53,081 r. ; the King
of Burmah, 10,000 r. ; Ayrshire, 9,896 r. ; Tipperary,
2,689 r. ; Sydney, 49,433 r. ; Belfast (Victoria),
1,600 r. ; and Batavia, 1,562 r. Under the item of
payments we find 4,05,932 r. devoted to free grants,
while there have been expended for monthly
allowances 1,02,322 r. ; loans, 60,676 r. ; passage and
diet money, 1,11,619 r. ; passages to England,
1,18,244 r. ; ladies' committee, 54,000 r. ; house ex-
penses, 58,275 r ; sundries, 19,735 r. ; advertising
charges, 2,442 r. ; clothing account, 10,614 r. ; school-
ing account, 33,293 r. ; Bengal Patriotic Fund,
50,000 r. ; Lawrence Asylum, 10,000 r. ; Mofusial
remittances, 3,40,035 r. ; and Bombay committee,
13,280 r. ; leaving 'a balance of 92,837 r. The sub-
committee, after giving some details of their pro-
ceedings in the various districts of India, which are
of merely local interest, state that they have
" Lately reconsidered the loans granted at an
early stage of their proceedings, and with a view to
equity and uniformity of action cancelled all the
loans which were granted under circumstances
which, at a subsequent period, when the funds were
larger, were considered to entitle the applicants to
grants. The sub-committee have, in all cases, endea-
voured to deal with applications in a spirit of libe.
rality and sympathy, and they desire to pursue the
same spirit still. But they consider that all claims
not arising out of recent losses or bereavements
should be regarded with much caution. The pres-
sure of the public calamity has ceased, and in a
large number of cases it is certain that the road to
promotion has been opened ; and advantages rather
than losses have already followed the mutiny to
very many persons. There still, however, remain in
the country a considerable number who are legiti-
mate objects of the bounty of the fund."
The object of the committee, as stated in their
own resolution, was to relieve, as far as practicable
and necessary, the distress caused by the mutinies in
India, care being taken not to supersede the assist-
ance which ought to be given by Government, by
the established Widows' and Orphans' Funds, or by
the relatives of the sufferers ; but to supplement it
to the extent to which it fell short of a just mea-
sure of relief. Having laid down the principle
that compensation for losses, as such, would in no
case be given the objects the committee specially ap-
plied: themselves to were—to enable the sufferers
to live with frugality in 'their respective states of
life until other means of subsistence were available ;
secondly, to provide for the maintenance and edu-
cation of children in cases in which it had been
interrupted or prevented by casualties arising out
of the mutiny, and in which it could not be pro-
vided for from other sources ; thirdly, to assist the
sufferers to come to this country or to go to India
when the circumstances rendered it proper that they
should do so and the means of paying for their pas-
sage could not be obtained from any other source ;
and, fourthly, to afford reasonable aid, by loan
or otherwise, to officers and others who had
lost their equipments, furniture, or other
property by the necessity of sudden flight from their
stations or the destruction of their dwellings, when
without such aid they would be involved in pecu-
niary embarrassments. It was further determined
by the committee that relief according to these
principles should be given, without distinction of
religion or nationality, to every person, of whatever
rank, who had a just claim upon the sympathy and
opulence of the British people. Several houses were
taken in Calcutta for the occupation of refugees from
the disturbed districts; but, as many of these persons
have returned to their former stations, the number
of inmates, which in February last was 280, had
been reduced at the date of this report to 185. The
number of children receiving education in Calcutta
at thG expense of the fund in April last was 62,
at a monthly cost of 1,395 r. In addition to the in-
mates of the houses there were also 136 incumbents
on the fund, who received for themselves and their
families monthly allowances to the aggregate
amount of 7,611 r. Several of these persons, it is
stated, will probably be permanently dependent on
the public bounty, and it will be for the general
committee to decide on the most suitable means of