The Sun.
London, England, 1866-07-02 00:00:00

MAILS DUE.

Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton ... July 20.
Ditto, via Marseilles July 14.
Brazil and Cape Verds. by British packet ...... July 4.
Ditto, by French packet
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena July 22.
China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton July 3.
Ditto, via Marseilles June 27.
Falkland Islands

Gibraltar, via Southampton June 27.
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton..., July 3.
Ditto, via Maraeilles
India (Bombay), via Southampton June 27.
Ditto, via Marseilles July 7.
Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton July 3.
Ditto, via Marseilles June 27.
Mauritius, via Southampton July 13
Ditto, via Marseilles. July 7.
Newfoundland
Portugal
Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon......
United States and British North America, by Bri-
tish paoket .. July 4.
Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp-
ton • •
Ditto, via Cork

Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry ..July 6.
West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ....July 11.
West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas and

Honduras)
Cuba and Mexico
Bahamas, via New Y ork. July 20.
Bermuda, vla Halifax

HIGH TEIIPERATURE BY GAS.-In the paper
addressed to the Academy of Sciences, M. Schlcesing de-
scribes an apparatus of his contrivance for obtaining tem-
perature of extraordinary intensity from illuminating gas.
The conditions necessary for this purpose ho states to be :
-1. Combustion without excess of air or gas totally effected
within the space to be heated; and 2, a rapidity of supply
of the combusent gas sufficient to maintain the high tem-
perature notwithstanding loss of heat from the sheaths or
other causes. To satisfy these two conditions he injects
air into a copper tube three or four decimetres in length.
A little behind the orifice of this tube two holes are pierced
opposite to each other; here the tube is surrounded by a
sleeve fed with the gas, which, drawn in by the current of.air,
rushes into and mixes with it. The supply of gas is regu-
lated by a stop-cock, that of the air by a given pressure.
When this mixture of air and gas is ignited it produces a
large blue flame, the calorific power of which does not
appear to be more intense than that of a common blow-pipe
of equal dimensions; but if the flame penetrates into a
refractory envelope without drawing in any exterior air
was
4023'88:3°1181:5,
the flame becomes shorter, and the combustion is entirely
effected in a narrow space. No explosion is to be feared,
but the burnt gas must have a proper outlet from the fur-
nace. Suppose it be required to raise the temperature of
a porcelain tube to a white heat ; a flattened noozle is
added to the extremity of the blowpipe and placed between
two bricks, secured together by iron wire. By this means
the flame assumes the shape of a flat sheet issuing through
a slit not more than two or three milimetros wide. The
operator will take care not to bring the porcelain tube too
near the sheet, for the porcelain would be infallibly melted
along the whole length of the flame. On each side and at
both ends of the slit four pieces of brick are placed, im-
prisoning the flame within a space two centimetres broad
and five or six deep ; the porcelain tube is put a little
above, and surmounted with bricks properly shaped; tho
ignited flame surrounds the tube and escapes above. By
this arrangement, modified in the case of a crucible, the
inventor has been enabled to melt a piece of iron, weigh-
ing 400 gms, in twenty minutes.
TEN YEARS OF COTTON.-it appears that the
total quantity of cotton imported into the United Kingdom
in 1856 ; in 1857, 969,318,8961 b ; in
1858, 1,034,342,1761 b. ; in 1859, 1,225,989,0721 b.; in 1860,.
1,390,938,7521 b. ; in
977,978 2881 b In cense-
-1861, 1,256,981,7361 b.; ia 1862
523,973,2961 b• ;in 1863, 669,583,2641 b. in '
i 1864,
8A304,7201b. ; and
queues of the great and generalreduction' .
of the Euro-
pean stocks of cotton, the
exports of cotton from the
United Kingdom have very increased of late,
having been 116,660,8611 b. lin 856, 131,927.6001 b. in 1857,
119,609,6001 b. in 1858, 175,143,1361 b. in 1859, 250,339,0401 b.
in
211,352,4961 b. in 1863, 214,702,3011 b. in 1864, and
302,908,9281 b. in 1865. The excess of the imports of cot-
ton over the exports of cotton was thus-877,225,4401b. in
1856, 837,391,2961 b. in 1857, 884,732,5761 b. in 1858,
1,050,815,9361 b. in 1859, 1,140,599,7121 b. in 1860,
958,696,8161 b. in 1861, 303,258,7681 b. in 1862, 428,230,7681 b.
in 1863, 648,602,4161 b. in 1864, and 675,069,3601 b. in 1865.
It was the small increase last year in the quantity of cot-
ton available for British consumption which enabled
prices to be so well maintained after the termination of
the American war. Thus in 1859 cotton averaged 6.76 d.
per lb. ; in 1860, 7.17 d. per lb. ; in 1861, 7.39 d. per lb. ; in
1862, 14.24 d. per lb. ; in 1863, 21.97 d. per lb. ; in 1864,
21-01 d. per lb.: and in 1865, 16.20 d. per lb.
In La Pattie there is an article on the Anglo-
French submarine tunnel, entitled "Lo Testament de
Cobden." After having quoted the advice given by that
illustrious man on his death-bed to his friends as regards
the execution of this tunnel, La Patric writes thus :-
" The great apostle of commercial liberty thought that the
two nations sincerely united and relying on each other
would, by their moral ascendancy, as well as by 'their
material strength, be able to impose peace on the rest of
the world ; and it is in this point of view that the creation
of a submarine tunnel appeared to him, to the last hour of
his existence, as a work of union and of civilisation."