The Sun.
London, England, 1832-09-13 00:00:00

digious quantities, and the price rose from 12d.
per ell to 16d., besides the advance upon the
parcels, an article peculiar to that business.
As soon as the demand slack'd from abroad,
all these loose people *ere turned off—the
spinner 3 Went a begging, the weavers rose in re-
bellion, and the parishes were left thronged
with bastards." Defoe speaks of these vicissi-
tudes as being of constant occurrence. " Upon
some sudden accident in trade (he says) here
comes a great UnuAnal demand for goods ; the
merchahts from abroad have sudden and unusual
commissions ; the call for goods this way or
that way increases ; this makes the factors send
large orders into the country, and the price of
goods always rises according to the demand
the country manufacturer looks out sharp—
bites more looms, gets more spinners, gives
more wages, and animated by the advanced price
is not content to answer his new orders only,
but he Continues the excursion he had made
into the country for spinners, &c., runs on
to an extremity in quantity, as far, or perhaps,
further than his stock will allow; and, in a
word, gluts the market with the goods. * * *
His goods lie on hand, the poor which he
called from the plough and the dairy to spin
and weave are cast off again, and not finding
their way presently back to their old drudgery,
lye and starve for want of work." It is quite
clear that a manufacturer cannot so suddenly
erect expensive works to answer a temporary de-
mand, and that he is restrained from embarking
too extensively to meet demands, by the consi-
deration that machinery once erected must be
kept in employ, to prevent loss on the fixed
capital, and to preserve the machinery in order.
Machinery, therefore, has a tendency to equalize
employment, and is, therefore, of the greatest
benefit to the workmen, who, without it, would
be rioting in excess one day, and starving the
next. The excess of production cannot, of
course, be so soon corrected, as when the work-
men were at a day's notice thrown on the world

to starve; but theca a powerful motive is given to
the capitalist (on whom responsibility ought prin-
cipally to rest) to proportion his outlay to the
probable demand. And, upon the whole, it
seldom happens now that many manufacturers
are out of employment. The principal sufferers
from absolute want of employment are the me-
chanics who use no machinery, as carpenters,
bricklayers, masons, &c., who are often in the
greatest distress from the sudden cessation of

demand. Let it not then be imagined, that be-
cause the Directors of the Bank of Eng-
land and the Government plunged the nation
into the wild speculations of 1824 and 1825,
out of which grew the immense erections
of works from which the manufacturing dis-
tricts are still suffering, that therefore the erection
of works (independently of the abridgement of
labour) is not favourable to the workmen, by
affording them a security against vicissitudes.
The Government of 1824 and 1825, and the
Bank Directors, their tools, were the causes
of the enormous sacrifices of capital which the
country has made. The burthen must be put
on the right shoulders. Almost all the witnesses
allow that the Bank, in advancing money to Go-
vernment at that time on the dead weight, in
lending money on mortgages, &c., plunged the
country into the difficulties from which we are
still suffering. Mr. Easthope's evidence is
conclusive on this point. The Bank had put it
out of their power to act with prudence in time.
They acted, as he says, something like setting a
house on fire, and then finding the necessity of
putting it out. The best excuse that can be
offered for the Ministers of that day, and the
Bank Directors, is, that they acted in perfect
ignorance of what the effect of the measure
would be. Indeed the evidence ofthe leading Bank
Directors of that day is quite conclusive of their
utter unfitness for the proper execution ofthe duty
which had devolved on them. Every impartial
judge will agree with Mr. Easthope, that the
great evils that have happened have arisen from
the Bank being choaked up with securities that
could not be made available to them in case of
necessity ; and that previous to the year 1825,
the issues of the Bank were very large, unneces-
sarily and ruinously so, and then suddenly con-
tracted in a way to be ruinously destructive.
The evidence of Mr. Richards, Deputy Go-
vernor, from April 1824 to April 1826, is a
singular defence :
" Was not the effect of that advance, as well as the ad-
vance on mortgage, to increase the issues of the Bank be-
yond what the ordinary demands of commerce called for?-
-I think not, according to my view of it ; I am perfectly
satisfied, that had the majority of the Court of Directors
considered that that advance would be detrimental to the
country, they would not have undertak,n it; but for me
now to recal every minute circumstance that formed the
subject of our discussions, and the opinions then formed, I
confess I could not do it without a great deal more coasi•-
deration."

The sum and substance of this is, that the
Directors did not foresee the mischief which
would result from their acts. They had, in fact,
no principles to guide them.—Morn.Chronicle.

Nothing is so disgusting in the system of this
country as the markeddistinction made in practice
between the rich and the poor. We remember whe❑
a Baronet in one of the midland districts shot at
a clergyman, the Judge at the trial affected to
be quite astonished how it was that the case was
not proceeded in, at if it were not matter of no-
toriety that nothing is so easy, after arranging
with the prosecutor, as to escape justice. A
rich man can always compound in England for
his crimes, provided they be short of capital fe-
lonies. When the case of the Rev. Mr. Doyle
occurred a short time ago, we had no doubt that
he would escape, and that the soldier, the neces-
sitous wretch, whom he had seduced, would be
tried and punished. The soldier, of course,
could not find bail. The Magistrates of Mary-
lebone office expressed a determination to take
only good hail, as in a former case of a clergy-
man committed for the same offence at that
office, through the insufficient bail which had
been taken, the offender had escaped. We knew
what to think of this at the time—we knew well
that no Rev. Mr. Doyle would be forthcoming.
He is very probably now with the Clerical Co-
lony at Paris, who, for a similar cause, find it

more convenient to consume their tithes in that
city than in England. The law is either good or
,had. If good, it ought to be put in execution. If
bad, it ought not to be put in execution merely
in the case of the poorer party. They manage
matters otherwise in France. It is not above a
twelvemonth since Baron Rothschild was sub-
jected to an imprisonment of several days for a
contravention of some police regulation, in the
same way as if he had been a street-sweeper. 'rho
object of taking bail is not to allow a prisoner
to escape, on indemnifying his sureties, but to
prevent the hardship of imposing an unneces-
sary deprivation of liberty on one who has not
been proved guilty. Here it is that character
should operate. A man believed innocent by his
friends would easily find bail. It might be otherwise
with one who was not believed innocent. Were
it known that the names of the bail would be

published, we question whether it would be easy