The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-31 00:00:00

AMWAY' LOAN FOR. £6,000,000. I MR. BRIGHT ON THE CURRENCY.

The following prospectus has just been issued :
AUSTRIAN LOAN, FOR £6,000,000 FIVE PER CENT. STOCK,
'WITH DIVIDEND FROM JAN. Ist, 1859.

Messrs. N. M. Rothschild and Sons beg to announce that
they will receive subscriptions for a loan of £6,000,000
Austrian Stock, bearing interest at 6 per cent. per annum,
which loan was sanctioned by the decree of his Majesty
the Emperor of Austria, on the 31st December, 1858, and
for the negotiation of which loan Baron Brentano' Aulic
Councillor in his Imperil Majesty's service, has been
commissioned by the Finance Minister.
The interest on the bonds commencing from the Ist Jan.
1859, will be payable in pounds sterling, half yearly, on the
Ist July and Ist January, at the counting-house of Messrs.
N. M. Rothschild and Sons, in London, or at the option of
the holders,, at the office for the payment of the public debt
in Vienna, at the exchange of 10 forms Austrian currency,
in silver, per pound sterling.
The bonds will be of £lOO each, and numbered from 1 to
60,000. Tho reimbursement of this loan will take place
by means of a sinking fund of 1 per cent. per annum, to be
applied to the proportionate part of the bonds, to be drawn
by lot annually on the 2d January, commencing on the 2d
January, 1860. The payment of the bonds thus drawn
will take place on the Ist July following.
The subscription price is £BO for every £lOO stock, pay-
able at the counting-house of Messrs. N. M. Rothschild
and Sons, as follows :
£2O
£2O
£2O
£lO
£lO

To subscribers who should prefer payment in anticipation
of the above terms, a discount at the rate of four per cent.
per annum will be allowed.
As it is essential that the times of payment should be
punctually observed, if the instalments be not paid on the
day appointed, the party making default shall forfeit the
instalments previously paid, and shall not be entitled, after
the day, to claim any bonds or dividend warrants in respect
of that or any subsequent instalment.
The dividend warrants due on the Ist July, 1859, will be
deducted from the instalment payable in that month

Subscriptions will be receive-d
by Messrs. N. M. Roths-
child and Sons, from 11 o'clock a.m., on Monday, 31st
January, and each succeeding day, until 11 o'clock on
Monday morning, 7th February next, when the list will be
closed.
All applications to be accompanied with a deposit of 5
per cent., which, upon allotment, will be carried to the
credit of each subscriber ; if the deposit should exceed the
amount of 20 per cent. en the allotment, the balance will
be returned forthwith.

New-court, St. Swithin's-lane, 31st Jan., 1859.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

OLD COURT.

The adjourned sessions at this court commenced this
morning, before the Lord Mayor, the Recorder, and the
other civic authorities.

The Recorder, in charging the grand jury, congratulated
them on the state of the calendar, which contained a fewer
number of prisoners for trial than usual. There was no
charge of wilful murder, and only ono of manslaughter,
an,

d that was rather of a peculiar character. The facts were
o a certain extent involved in obscurity, and the deposi-
ions, as was frequently the case, were so badly written
hat it was almost impossible to read them. The prisoner
ran against the deceased and knocked him down. He was
taken to the hospital, but death eventually ensued, and
the question for the jury will be—first, whether the injury
was occasioned by the prisoner, and, next, whether that
injury was the cause of death ; and, if it should be
made out that the deceased was knocked down
accidentally, and that the prisoner had no intention of
causing any mishap, in that case the death would have
arisen from misadventure, and the prisoner would not be
liable to a criminal charge. There was a charge against a
mother of throwing her child out of a window. It appeared
from the evidence that the woman was roused by an alarm
of fire, and that she seized her child and threw it out of the
window, at the same time crying out " Save my child." If
they should be of opinion that she really intended to endea-
vour to preserve her child from fire, then they would be jus-
tified in finding a bill of assault only. The other case alluded
to by the learned judge was that of Ann Collyer, charged
with setting fire to her master's house. He said, before the
jury could return a true bill against her they must be satis-
fied that the fire could not have taken place accidentally,
and that the evidence excluded the supposition that the act
could have been committed by any other person. If, in the
exercise of their duties, the jury should stand in need of
any assistance he would render the required aid imme-
diately.

The grand jury then retired, and after a short time the
trial of the prisoners was proceeded with.
Reuben Michael, a respectably-attired man, was in-
dicted for perjury, which it was alleged was committed
before Mr. Justice Willes, at the sittings at Guildhall, at a
trial in which the prisoner was the plaintiff.
Mr. Orrige, in stating the case against the prisoner, was
stopped by the Recorder observing that he did not see in
the depositions any corroborative evidence of the charge
against the prisoner. It was a well-known fact that a
charge of perjury could not rest on the evidence of one
person. Mr. Orrige said all the evidence he had to offer
appeared on the depositions.
_ _

The Recorder said it was insufficient, when a verdict of
not guilty was immediately returned, and the prisoner was
discharged.

Daniel Chilvers was indicted for stealing, at West
Ham, 221bs. of brass fittings, the property of the Eastern
Counties Railway, also with feloniously receiving the
same, well knowing it to be stolen, and also with having
been previously convicted of felony.
The prisoner pleaded guilty.

The Recorder, before passing sentence, called for the
certificate of the former conviction. The document set forth
that Chilvers had been convicted in 1844, 1855, and 1856.
An inspector of the Metropolitan Police then informed
the Court that the prisoner, after the three convictions just
mentioned, was also confined for 12 months in Maidstone
Gaol for a very daring robbery. The police had for some
time been on the look-out for him, as he was considered one
of the most expert thieves in London.

The Recorder said it appeared that lenient punishment
had no effect on the prisoner, who would, however, for
some time to come, be well looked after, as the sentence of
the Court was that he be kept in penal servitude for four
years. _ _

Mary Sloman pleaded guilty to an indictment charging
her with feloniously concealing the body of her dead child
in a cellar.
Sentence deferred.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS DAY.

•
(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
A memorial has recently been addressed by a
number of the inhabitants of Birmingham to Mr.
Bright, requesting his " advocacy in Parliament on
behalf of the interest of labour against that of
money." Mr. Bright has replied in the following
letter to Mr. Edmund Taunton :

" Rochdale, Jan. 12, 1859.
" have received a memorial with many signatures,
of which yours is the first, requesting me to endeavour to
procure the abolition of the monopoly in money.' It
might be deemed a sufficient answer to say that my time
and thoughts are just now so fully occupied with a great
public question that I cannot undertake anything further ;
that is certainly the position in which I am paced,
but I will not confine myself to such a reply ; to
tell you the truth, I do not comprehend what you
complain of, or what you wish to bo done, for in
the many conversations I have had with persons
who thought themselves well informed on what is
called Our monetary system,' I have never had the good
fortune to find any two of them agreeing upon the exact
grievance or the precise remedy. I have always thought
this a great misfortune, because until I could see clearly
where the wrong was, or is, I could have small hope of
discovering a remedy. Ido not defend what exists in con-
neetion with the Bank of England—much of it seems to be
at variance with the laws of political economy, but I find
many of the propositions made by those who wish for a
change are even less in accordance with that science, and
long discussion with those who most loudly denounce the
present system only leaves me more puzzled than before.
I confess, therefore, that I am not the most suitable
person to undertake the great change which I presume
you are looking for. I . will willingly support any
inquiry by Parliament in the hope that the truth
may at last be discovered ; but I do not feel competent
to teach Parliament and the country on the abstruse ques-
tion to which you have drawn my attention. When it comes
before the House of Commons I will give it all the conside-
ration in my power. I wish I could send you a more satis-
factory reply.—l am, very respectfully yours, _

_
"JOHN BRIGHT."
We give Mr. Bright full credit for his assertion
that he does not " comprehend" what is complained
of, and we then affirm that his constituents have
good reason to find fault with their representative
for expecting them to supply him with comprehen-
sion as well as with arguments. Mr. Bright, in his
speech at Bradford, objects to the House of Lords
that they do not represent trade. He says, " They
do not represent trade, they do not, many of them,
know much about keeping of accounts, or buying
and selling, the rise of prices, or the fluctuations
of the markets." Few men understand more than
one thing well. As landowners the House of Lords
may be said to represent land, and to understand
the management of their estates. This is a very
useful and important kind of knowledge. The
wealth of nations springs from the land. The capi-
tal employed in agriculture, says Adam Smith, is
" of all the ways in which a capital can be employed
by far the most advantageous to society." The
House of Lords also contains men who have
thoroughly studied the laws and the constitution of
the country. It contains men who understand how
the army and navy of the country should be managed
so as to protect the honour of the nation, the security
of its commerce, and the lives and liberties of its
inhabitants. It contans men who have devoted
their lives to the consideration of our relations with
foreign countries, and who are fully qualified to
conduct those intricate and difficult disputes which
must inevitably arise between us and other nations.
Mr. Bright has recently exhibited his profound
ignorance of the Constitution of his native country.
The art of war, which is the best security for the en-
joyment of peace, he laughs to scorn, or abuses with
supercilious malignity. Of diplomacy,which requires
frequently the exercise of the most subtle intellect,
he knows only the name. He imagines that a per-
plexed national dispute, as complex in its bearings as
an intricate case in equity, may be settled by in-
stinct, a smut declamation, or the light of nature.
Mr. Bright glories in calling himself a free trader,
plumes himself on having been a leader of the
Anti-Corn Law League, and vilifies the landowners
of England. His knowledge of the principles and
history of free trade is as superficial as his know-
ledge of other things. His notion, with that of the
Manchester School in general, of free trade in corn
was that it would pull down agriculture and exalt
trade on its ruins. But free trade has neither
secured cheap bread, nor permanent prosperity to
trade. And as to the landowners being the chief
monopolists, let him attend to the deliberate opinion
of the great advocate of free trade. Adam Smith had
a mind sufficiently capacious to take in the whole
of a great national question, and sufficient liberality
to award to every class of the community its fair
proportion of merit. " Country gentlemen and
farmers," he said, " are, to their great honour,
of all people, the least subject to the wretched
spirit of monopoly." The inhabitants of towns,
merchants, and manufacturers " seem to have been
the original inventors of those restraints upon the
importation of foreign goods, which secure to them
the monopoly of the home market." "It was in
imitation of the trading community," he adds, " and
to put themselves on a level with those (inhabi-
tants of towns) who, they found, were disposed to
oppress them, that the country gentlemen and
farmers of Great Britain so far forgot the generosity
which is natural to their station, as to demand the
exclusive privilege of supplying their countrymen
with corn and butcher's meat."

But if Mr. Bright knew little or nothing about
the history of his country, its constitution, its
means of national defence, its diplomacy, or even
about his great question of the Corn Laws, he may
be supposed, at all events, to know something about
that by which he lives, and the interests of which
he professes to be anxious to promote.
" My Liege and Fusbos," says the honourable
member for Birmigham, " Here's success to Trade."
Here, then, we have a man who " represents
trade," who understands "buying and selling, the
rise of prices, and the fluctations of the markets."
Money, Mr. Bright must know, is one half of
every bargain made in trade. Buying and ceiling,
the rise of prices, fluctuations in the markets, all
have an intimate relation with money. Yet Mr.
Bright cannot " comprehend" that his constitu-
ents complain of a monetary system under which
poor-rates in Lancashire increased 56 per cent.
last year, and under which several millions of his
fellow countrymen are, as he says, constantly- either
paupers, or on the verge of pauperism. He can-
not see " where the wrong is ;" and though not
prepared to " defend what exists in connection with
the Bank of England," much of which appears to
hint to be " at variance with the laws of political

economy," he learns nothing on the Currency
Question from one, he hears what is said and is
" more puzzled than before," and being unable or
unwilling to think for himself on the subject, he
confesses that he—the great " representative of
Trade"—is "not the most suitable person to under-
take" to assist in redressing a great commercial
and financial grievance; that he—the great free-
trader—is not prepared to do anything to repress
the monopoly in money!
"I do not comprehend," says Mr. Bright, " what
you complain of, or what you wish to be done."
We will tell Mr. Bright of what Currency
Reformers complain. We complain of a system by
which man is made the slave of money ; by which
the rights of labour are sacrificed to those of
capital ; and by which the working men of England
are, at intervals of a few years, driven by povc, tY
and deprivation into the workhouse and the gaol
in order that usurers and hard calculators ay
gain 20 per cent. for their money. Mr. 13rig may
gain 20 per cent. for their mofle. Brights
constituents addressed him some time ago request-
ing his assistance and advice to obtain relief from
the distress under which they groaned. That dis-
tress was caused by the monetary crisis of 1857.
A child may understand how the monetary system
works. The Englishman's money is made de-
pendent on the quantity of gold which comes into
the country. When gold comes in abundance
a large quantity of paper money is issued by the
Bank of England. Money is then cheap. Dis-
counts go down to 2 per cent. Speculation is
stimulated. Prices rise. Trade flourishes. Poor
men are fully employed at good wages. The taxes
on which Mr. Bright throws the blame of the dis-
tress of the people, are then paid without difficulty.
But when, from the rise on the price of commodi-
ties, or from any other cause, Gold is drained out
of the country, the Bank is obliged to contract its
issues, money is made scarce and dear. Discounts
rise to 10 per cent. Merchants and traders are
ruined by thousands, and working men are thrown
out of employment by hundreds of thousands.
Gold is then tempted back to our shores, by the fall
in the prices of all goods and commodities,
the poor man again gets food for himself and
his family, and the Hard Calculator counts up his
gains, buys another estate, or invests another
£lOO,OOO on Consols in readiness for the next panic.
Here is a question—not a very " abstruse ques-
tion" either, as to its practical evils—to which Mr.
Bright, as a representative of trade, ought to turn
his attention, unless he means inexcusably to ne-
glect his duty. " But," says Mr. Bright, "what
do you wish to be done ?" Of course we wish this
abominable grievance to be remedied. A repre-
sentative of trade ought to make it his business to
find out a remedy for an admitted evil. But.
we will give Mr. Bright a remedy. We 1.611
Government to issue, or to empower the Bank
tio
issue, some 20 millions of paper money (w
experience has proved to be sufficient) !or the do-
Tins money to
mestic circulation of this country.
be a legal tender at the Bank and everywhere
w an
ed
d
receivable for taxes. Then, whether g
_flo
in or went out of this count, we s ioul have a
steady, safe,.circulating mediurym. Violentd flu'ctua-
tions in discounts and in prices would be avoided,
and panics would cease.
Mr. Bright says that he never found " any two"
Currency Reformers agree ; this is because he
knows so little about Currency Reformers. In the
last committee of the House of Commons on the

Monetary system; Mr. Sroatier and Mr. Cayley,
members of the committee, agreed on this remedy.
Mr. Twells, Mr. Alexander, and Mr. Capps, wit-
nesses examined, agreed on it also ; and it has
the approval of many of the oldest and most
talented of oar monetary reformers,--Mr. John
Taylor, Colonel 111‘Donald, and a host of others who
are fully competent to form an opinion.
But whether they agree in this exact remedy or
not, there is a rapidly growing conviction among
all thinking men that a system under which panics
are periodical, and the Bank Charter Act has to be
sl:spended to avert national bankruptcy, is -tho-
roughly rotten. And it is becomimg more and
more evident every day that the trade in money
ought to be free, and that the great principle of
Monetary Reform is gold at its Market price.
This is a question which bears more directly
on the moral and social condition of the people
of England than any other. Whatever Mr. Bright
may say to the contrary, every man in England is
free. He can go where he pleases, worship as he
pleases, do the best he can for himself, and express
his 'opinion openly on any subject, always providing
that in doing all this he does not unjustly injure his
neighbour.
The thing which presses down the energy and.
the industry of the masses is a bad money law, by
which they are thrown out of work, deprived of a
market for their labour, and the just reward of
their time and talents, No Parliament, reformed
or unreformed, can reach the grievances of the
working classes of all orders, which leaves this rich
man's law in operation to place industry under the
feet of capital.

FUNERAL OF TIM LATE MR. HALLAM.

-The secluded village church of Clevedon, on the
Bristol Channel, presented on' Friday • last a me.
morable and impressive scene. On that afternoon

the remai-as of the late Henry Hallam, the histo-
rian, were conveyed from Clevedon Court, the seat
of Sir Arthur Hallam Elton, M.P., nephew of the
deceased, to a grave which, through a mysterious
inversion of the common order of succession, had
been already rendered classic ground by the ashes
of his two gifted sons. It is now six and twenty
years ago since the father, dismayed and almost
broken-hearted by the abrupt bereavement, carried
to the same secluded spot upon the shore of the
Atlantic one whose name will often and for ages
be repeated on both sides of that ocean in answer
to the question,—" Who is indicated by the ini-
tials ' A. H. H.," familiar on the title-page of the
"In Memoriam" of Alfred Tennyson ? This was
Arthur Henry Hallam, who is remembered still,
and who will cease to be remembered only when their
memory shall altogether fail, by many of the now
foremost, spirits of our time, among whom in
his day he was ranked ungrudgingly as the
foremost and most promising. He died in 1833,
near the completion of his 23d year. Four years
later, and an amiable daughter was reunited to the
brother who had been her playmate ; and three
years afterwards a still sadder necessity summoned
the father to lay his wife beside the ashes of their
children. Mrs. Hallam was sister of the late Sir
Charles, and aunt of Sir Arthur Hallam Elton, the
present Baronet, of Clevedon Court ; and it was her
husband's exceeding and uniform attachment to
this family, coupled, perhaps, with the characteris-
tic beauty and seclusion of the spot, which led him
to select the parish church of Clevedon as the last
resting-place for his own. For the next 10 years
it might have seemed that the almost marvellous
accomplishment of his surviving son Henry Fitz-
maurice Hallam—no way less gifted than the bro-
ther he outlived—were destined to bring such con-
solation for his bereavements as a parent not inex-
perienced in literary and intellectual eminence
might find in the achievements of his son. But this
hope also was doomed to an inscrutable disappoint-
ment ;. and in 1850 Henry Fitzmaurice also died,
almost suddenly, upon the continent, at the age of
26, and now rests in the same grave with the others.
For the last eight years of a life which had been
darkened by this astounding succession of bereave-
ments Mr. Hallam found not only consolation but
considerable cheerfulness in the tender assiduities
of his only surviving child, who was married in
1851 to Colonel Cator, of Pickhurst, in Kent, with
whom lie lived uninterruptedly till his death on
Friday, the 21st of January, at the age of 82. His
mind remained lucid, and occasionally even vigor-
ous, to the last, and he continued to enjoy at times
the society which the habits and circumstances of
his life had rendered most congenial to him. But,
while he cheered himself amid the affectionate
homage which on all hands was emulously paid to
him, it was unequivocally manifest to those who
had access to his more sacred privacy that he had
sought and found his highest and enduring conso-
lations elsewhere than in the associations, or the
achievements, or the expectations of this world.
lle died in peace—the peace which this world can-
not give—a humble, meek, affectionate, and most
venerable man. The funeral was strictly private,
but it accomplished that pious wish so touchingly
expressed in the epitaph, written by himself, over
his elder son,—

" Vale,
Dulcissime, dilectissime, desideratissime.
Hie, post hac Pater ac Mater,
Requiescamus Tecum,
Usque ad Tubam."

TRAINING-SHIPS FOR BOYS.

The training-ship now about to proceed to the
Mersey, the et-decant 28-gun ship Conway, is, we
believe, only the first of a series of ships to be
similarly fitted and employed. The Conway will
be employed as a training-ship for boys between
the ages of 13 and 15. They will be received in
three classes. One class will consist of lads whose
parents are able and willing to pay a moderate sum
for their support and education ; another will com-
prise those whose friends can contribute in a lesser
degree ; while the third will consist of poor boys,
orphans or others, who have no friends to help
them. An association has been formed to supply
the funds necessary for the support of the establish-
ment, which will be raised by voluntary contribu-
tion. The merchants of Liverpool have subscribed
liberally for this purpose, and the Admiralty have
lent a ship well calculated for the service as a
commencement, and have fitted her as for sea.
After some probationary terms have been gone
through the most proficient among the lads will be
allowed to chocse between the royal and mercan-
tile services—the Admiralty, we presume, under-
taking to receive boys recommended by the asso-
ciation into her Majesty's ships. The Conway has
a superintendent and a schoolmaster, receiving
moderate
o f
boysbut
increase,impro o
improving
salaries ; and, as the num-
bersh staff will be augmented;
but it does not seem a part of the scheme to educate
the lads beyond certain elementary standards, or to
fit them for pursuits of a higher character. The
boys are to be trained for the sea, and prepared in
morals and discipline for apprentices to the sea ser-
vice. We hope to find the Admiralty taking thehint
from the Liverpool Association, and fitting out a
number of the old men-of-war, now rotting in ordi-
nary, as training ships for boys. From 5,000 to
10,000 lads should be trained annually: The mer-
chant service would be glad of one moiety, and the
Royal navy could dispose of the other. Every ship
Might carry double her present complement of stout•
boys with
.advantage. The boy of 16 who leaves
England for a foreign station usually returns a
smart young seaman of 18 or 20, fit for anything,
and from this stock we derive the best men under
the pendant. Were this principle acted upon, the
cry of want of seamen would soon cease to be
uttered ; for the boys who entered the merchant
service would, in most instances, be true to their
first masters, and enter freely in ships of war were
their services required. The Royal navy has no
worse enemy to contend against than prejudice.
The merchant seaman hears the Royal service badly
spoken of ; every punishment is set down to the
account of cruelty, and the rules of a man-of-war
_are
often described as inhuman and debasing. Ajen
who know little about it, or whose bad conduct
has brought upon them needful punishment, de.r ginbte
in misleading others ; but if naval discipline
' were inculcated as a part of their education,iiti
and
boys were made to look upon the r t
posed as needful to the general
assertions
would often
of hardy,
men would find their damaging
verted, and the egulations of
ItheanolaiNeultural coml.
be successfully vindicated. T g°°(.tions contro-
persuasion need be
strong-limbed boys.
the recruits, for if a well-dressed
ties would alway fuizitstllioaolranrgoe siip,
country church
suasieldorinlad obtaining
on a Sunday, we will answer for it he would be an
object of attraction to scores
to go into any
of boys of his own age,
all eager to enrol themselves in the same service.
Boys descriptioni received on board a train-
in
a short time have the rough
edge taken off, and be prepared to begin a sailor's
p wouldisi
g s ohfi this
career with right notions ; and. it is well known
that during the long war the finest and braysst
sailors we had were found among those who a few
years previously had the p ouge
followed h U d
Service Gazette.

FRIGHTFUL SUlClDE.—Yesterday. afternoon a
painful sensation was created in the neighbourhood of
Camden-town by the suicide of a man named George Keep-
hig, 28 years of age, in the employment of Messrs. Chaplin
and Horne, Camden-town, who destroyed himself by cutting
his throat with a razor, at his lodgings, 33, College-street,
Camden-town. It had been observed for some time past
that his mind was in a wandering state. The father of the
unfortunate man was in the room at the moment the dread •
ful act was committed, but although he used every exertion
to prevent its perpetration, so determined was the deceased
that be effectually succeeded in accomplishing his object.