The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 15, 1866.

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COMA BISMARCK is announced to be too ill to
receive visitors, and whether this is true or other-
wise the result will be the same in arresting the
progress of the important events on the tapis. Per-
haps the indisposition of the Count may turn out to
be very useful in putting off the evil day of decision
about the loan bill and the dissolution of the
Chambers. The semi-official North German Gazette
declares that the decision has been come to by the
Government respecting the question of an " am-
nesty," and that therefore all the statements
relative to it which have lately appeared are
erroneous. The King of PRUSSIA has
determined to make a grand display
when the army returns to'Berlin, and to distribute
among them orders of merit. It is now said by the
Paris jemmy.% that some serious difficulty has arisen
in the negotiations that are taking place between
the Austrians and Italians, the cause of dispute
being the Venetian debt. Austria asserts that the
precedent of the Treaty of Zurich cannot be taken
and applied to the debt. contracted since 1859,
while on the other hand Italy maintains that the
territorial possession of Venetia only involves the
payment of the debt of that province, and that the
Treaty of Prague has sanctioned the pre-
cclent afforded by the
treaty .of Zurich. We
suppose that this dispute will make no
material difference eventually, but of course
it interposes delay at present, which will be vexa-
tious, to say the least of it. some of the French
journals state very truly that it is desirable for the
French Government to disavow" the intention of
annexing
Belgium, which has been sofrebeylysoimm-el
im-
puted to them in many quarters, and also
journals of influence. The Belgians are, not un-
naturally, becoming anxious about their fate ; and,
if report speaks true, the resignation of M. DaouyN
DE L'HUYS bodes them no good. M. Bis-
MARCK intends to visit Biarritz shortly, when
he will broach the topic, and hence the
danger seems to be postponed rather than averted.
It is, indeed, to be hoped that, if France and
Prussia should continue to threaten the little king-
dom, that England would not be backward in de-
fending her ally. The mischievous mistake that
was made about Denmark ought not to be repeated,
and in every respect it would be sad if another

sacrifice is made to the rapacity of foreign
lands. It is time for some decisive stand to
be taken, and some limitation to be put to
attempts that seem to involve the security and
independence of the small kingdoms of Europe.

The dinner of the North Staffordshire Licensed
Victuallers' Society, which was held on Thursday
evening at Hanley, derived some interest from the
presence of Mr. ADDERLET, M.P., who took the
chair, and gave the company his opinion on things
in general. In proposing the toast of the Army,
Navy, and Volunteers, Mr. ADDERLEY took occa-
sion to refer to recent events in Canada, in which
he naturally took a deep interest. lle remarked

that it must be a matter of pride and gratification
to every Englishman to see their fellow-subjects in
Canada prove themselves so worthy of their
lineage, and to know that the volunteers of the
colony were animated by the same loyalty, vigour,
courage, and patriotism as had been displayed by
the volunteers at home. Mr. ADDERLEY alluded to
the interesting accounts which had reached this
country of the Canadians hurrying from all parts
to share in the defence of their native province, and
remarked that there was no reason to attribute any
hostile feeling to the American people because
this fanatical movement had originated in
their States. It was rather due to that
perpetual electioneering which went on in
that country, and which at this moment
was especially active, owing to the coming election
for Congress. In truth the Americans, with the
exception of that fanatical and intolerant Radical
faction, who happily do not in the least represent
the real feeling of the people, have from the first
manifested little sympathy with the Fenians.
'Well-informed Americans ate, of course, aware
of the impossibility of success, and they do
not wish to embroil themselves with this
country for nothing. Coming to their own affairs,
Mr. ADDERLEY congratulated the Licensed Victual-
lers on their independent organisation and system
of self-government. The two leading principles
adopted by the association were, he said, the co-
operative principle and the principle of self-reliance
and self-administration. In France the association
would be a matter of police and central government.
In England people governed themselves. English-
men naturally threw themselves into Parliaments
or associations on every subject that interested
them, and he recollected Mr. COBDEN'S saying to
him after his return from France that he never so
well understood that the root of the vigour of Eng-
land was the administration by the people of their
own affairs throughout the country. In fact the
principle embodied in these associations is one of

great importance, and is closely connected with our

civil and political liberties. Mr. ADDERLEY was
careful not to commit himself politically to all the
opinions of the association, and, while admitting
the Ballot to be a wholesome provision for a local
community, repudiated its extension. But is it not
a little singular that independent private or local
associations invariably resort to the Ballot when
they want to secure free legislation and independent
voting

Mr. HENLEY has been discoursing upon the state
of the country at the annual dinner of the Steane
Agricultural Society. After adverting to the ad-
vantages derived from these associations, he re-
ferred to the important topic of the dwellings of the
labouring classes. The right hon. gentleman said that
he did not believe they were the worst housed, and
those who declaimed upon the subject should look
at the death-rate to see where the greatest grievance
was. The average death-rate in towns was often
thirty in a thousand, while in rural districts it was
only about sixteen. Certainly this speaks stronly
in favour of Mr. HENLEY'S argument, although there
is no reason why care should not be taken to im-
prove what is amiss in the more healthy localities.
It is gratifying to hear from one so well-informed
on the point as Mr. HENLEY is that considerable
improvements have already taken place in respect
to the locality of the poor in the country, and they
are better than they were. Taking all things into
consideration we are inclined to credit Mr. HENLEY'S
assertion, that while it would be a good thing to
have these matters seen to, there is greater need
for improvement elsewhere. Many think it a fine
thing to have a tilt at the country gentlemen and
landowners, while in reality they could find far
more scope for their energies in rectifying the
abuses that exist in manufacturing districts and in
the haunts of crowded cities. After reverting to
the orders in Council, as affecting the con-
venience of the public generally, Mr. HENLEY
passed on •to consider general matters, thus
fulfilling what he said was their rule, to go to
" politics" after they had done with " pigs." It is
always said that these agricultural societies are not
intended for the discussion of politics, but the right
hon. gentleman said it was impossible not to express
an opinion on matters of general interest when they
meet together.

There is great cause for our country to be thank-
ful that it has escaped the troubles that have
afflicted the other side of the Atlantic, and also
some places nearer home of late. We are afraid that
Mr. HENLEY'S hopes will not be realised when
he trusts that the country may reap the benefits
that they expect from the war, and that it might
not turn out that human ambition and pride had
brought these struggles under false pretences. The
change of Government was briefly alluded to by
Mr. llEnty, and he remarked that the late Admi-
nistration had managed their affairs very badly, for
they found themselves " nowhere," after meeting
the House of Commons with a majority of seventy
or eighty. Respecting the cattle plague, the right
lion. gentleman gave some very wise advice to his
friends, and begged them to bear all the re-
strictions imposed upon them with patience,
for the last time this plague visited
us it lasted for 12 years. It will never do to be
too precipitate, and to think we may hasten to put
a period to an awkward and inconvenient
inarrange-
ment,
because the disease has greatly abated
viru-
lence. The question of breechloaderswas mentioned
in in the speech, and Mr. HENLEi observed
seemed to be as much difference between
percus-
sion locks and breechloaders as formerly existed
between the old flint lock and the percussion lock.
Col. NORTH also referred to this topic, so interest-
ing and important at the present time, and
said that the result of the late war
between Austria and Prussia had taken
military men, as well as the world at large, by sur-
prise ; and no doubt the great cause of success was
the superior weapon used by the Prussians. The
gallant Colonel did not impute any blame to the
Administration, but paid a just tribute to the energy

displayed by General PEEL in promising that before
next April our army should have two hundred thou-
sand breech-loaders. We concur with him in his
belief that the country will not " grudge any ex-
penditure which was necessary for providing our
brave soldiers with a weapon equal to any which
might be brought against them."

The disturbed condition of affairs in the United
States still continues, and great excitement is felt
throughout the country. Matters have in fact come
to a crisis in the political world, and men arc
anxiously waiting the trial of strength between the

PRESIDENT and the Radicals. It has long been ap-
parent that the existing state of things was only
temporary, for the Government could not be long
carried on with the Executive and the Congress at
daggers drawn. The approaching elections will
give the people, if they so will it, an opportunity
of modifying the temper of their representatives,
and so strengthening the hands of the PRESIDENT
and restoring the prospects of harmony and union
between the several States. It is in view of this
that both parties are concentrating their efforts and
endeavouring to swell the ranks of their supporters.
The grand Convention at Philadelphia, at which
Democratic counsels prevailed, has been succeeded
by a rival Radical demonstration, which commenced
on the 31 inst. The Republicans were not be out-
done by their predecessors, for they, too, had dele-
gates from all parts of the country, including
delegates from nearly all the Southern States. One
noticeable difference there is, however, between the
two Conventions. At the Democratic Assembly
great enthusiasm was excited by the delegates from
Massachusetts and South Carolina entering the hall
arm in arm, as a proof of the unity which existed
between the most opposite sections of the party on
the great questions of national polity under dis-
cussion. At the Radical Convention the Northern
and Southern delegates assemble in different halls,
and the Northern delegates, it is said, will not en-
dorse the Southern branch if they do not adopt
resolutions favouring negro suffrage. There
seems to bo little difference in their senti-
ments towards the PRESIDENT, and among the
guests was the redoubtable General BUTLER. Ex-
Attorney-General SPEED has been chosen Chairman
of the Convention, and of course the substance of
all the speeches was denunciation of the President.
Senator CHANDLER made a speech, declaring that if
PresidentJOHNSON did not execute the laws Congress
would impeach him, and the same tone is adopted
by all the leading speakers. By " the laws," so
pompously referred to is meant, we suppose, the
new measures favoured by a section of the
extreme party, and forced through Congress iu
direct opposition to the terms of the Constitution,
to the disgust of all moderate and reflecting men.
The leading idea in the Radical mind seems to be
violence and intolerance. Such a thing as political
courtesy or toleration for the opinions of an
honest opponent seems never to enter their
heads. At Chicago the Board of Trade have
refused the use of their hall for the PRESIDENT'S re-
ception, and fears are entertained of political riots
during his visits. During his progress he has re-
ceived enthusiastic ovations; but at some places his
speeches have been interrupted by hoots and cries
of " traitor" from the Radicals in the crowd.
This appears to be their favourite war cry against
Mr. JOHNSON just now, perhaps because it is an
easy, general term which they are not compelled to
substantiate. However, the PRESIDENT iS not a
man to be daunted either by vague accusations
or direct charges, so long as he knows the
ground he is standing upon, and feels that he is
acting in accordance with the doctrines of the Con-
stitution and the dictates of reason and jus-

tice. If they are lavish and unscrupulous in
their abuse of him, he on his part is not
inclined to spare them, and does not hesitate
to denounce them as the most dangerous foes to

the Constitution, the real enemies of the Union,
who are bent on sacrificing the very object for
which the people of the North spent their blood
and treasure. At Detroit we learn that Mr. JOHN-
SON made a bitter speech against Congress, though
the details have not reached us. He declared his
conviction that the masses would come to the
rescue, and that the whole Radical set would be
destroyed. Mr. JOHNSON evidently feels that the
long-pending struggle must be brought to an
issue, and he is determined that no effort
on his part shall be wanting to rouse public sym-
pathy on the Constitutional side. Another such a
Congress might be fatal, not only to his own power,
not only to the hopes of the Southern States, but
even to the Great American Republic itself. Like
children playing with fire, the Radicals have no
conception of the dangers they are courting, and
unless the people are wiser than those who lead
them the close of the civil war will only be the
beginning of fresh troubles and perplexities.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Friday Evening.
_ _

The Moniteur states that the Prussian Chamber
of Deputies, in its sitting of the 12th, agreed by a
large majority to the elective project of law for the
Parliament of the Confederation of the North as it
was modified by the Commission.

The King of Prussia is expected at the end of
this month in the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig.
He intends to pass a few days at Altona,
Flensbourg, Gottorp, and Schleswig. The muni-
cipality of Altona is making extensive preparations
to receive his Majesty.

The Constitutionne/ says :—" The three States
with whom Prussia has not yet definitively con-
cluded peace are the Kingdom of Saxony, the Duchy
of Saxe-Meiningen, and the Principality of Reuss.
The negotiations entered into with the first two
States in question did not lead to any result. As
to the third, an agreement will probably be arranged
shortly. The Princess Regent Caroline, according
to a despatch from Berlin, sent Plenipotentiaries
with the object of treating for the admission of the
Principality into the Confederation of the North.
We find, from private correspondence, that this
Princess is disposed to place the sovereign power in
the hands of her son, Prince Henry XXII., who
will be proclaimed as having attained his majority,
although he will not be 21 for nearly three mouths.

M. gallandvouze de Lamornaix, deputy for the
Crewzie in the Legislative Body, who presided the
other day at the distribution of rewards to the
teachers who directed the education of adults in that
department, alluded in eloquent terms to the sym-
pathy of the Emperor for education. M. Lamor-
naix said that the Emperor in his great wisdom,
and in order to make liberty flourish, wished to
extend
rlotvenidn uopcilea:
etti
,oa
hnt
etbhhyeaeudvn, efbroyyr
emhs
his
sea
pan
oscwoi nemr hisfmu el power. Sent
nincetmelleingtenocfea,
ohvaearpooouwnetreerdacatlledththeeeslheomokenotfsposfssdioenstsraund contests.
ction. He
de-
'rri ov
nt
gh otshe who
greatestpossess a
a h
e
those who work he has afforded the meansri
advantage from givenfromu
theirsec labours
o. T
by
o
f
aiding education and instruction. It is the wish of
the Emperor that the workman wounded on the
battle field of industry should receive succour like
the soldier wounded under the flag. Louis XIV.
thought of the invalid soldier, and Napoleon 111.
has thought of the invalids of labour. The child of
the people defending the country and the child of the
people working for its prosperliyareasbr
and im-
proves.othersinthe solicitude of the Emperor. You see that under
this rei
gnEceavcchrYdtially thnggebold, sure,
progresses,
sure, and beneVolent
hand of Napoleon 111. ameliorates and developes our
society, which
dynasty
yictho changescontgradually.inueits
w work,
rk
anGdodtowaiildl
,permita
with-
out injury, the crowning work of modern societnyd,
which is founded upon instruction, morality,
liberty.
some rfli The
tPtlreesdseel,ayof i
nVt
hi eendneafi,
osittaitvees ts
conclusion
nr e
ofw
pi 1
el a be
oe
between Austria and Italy, in order to settle the
question relative to the evacuation of the fortresses
occupied by the Austrian troops. Austria, it says,
does not intend to give up these places to Italy with-
out conditions and compensation, and, besides, the
Government of Italy declared in principle that it
was disposed to pay an indemnity as well for the

fortresses as for the war material left in them. The
payment of this indemnity will be made before the
Imperial troops will entirely evacuate Venetia.
There is now no other question to decide than the
amount of the indemnity, the admission of which
has been made in principle.
General Caste!nau has left Paris on his special
mission to Mexico, in reference to which many con-
tradictory reports are given in the Paris papers.
All that is certain is, that he is the bearer of an au-
tograph letter from the Emperor Napoleon to the
Emperor Maximilian, and for newspapers to profess
to know the contents of it seems almost an insult
to their readers and an outrage upon common sense.
Mexico is the foremost topic to-day with the Paris
papers, which indulge in many speculations upon
the decree given by the iloniteur yesterday, expla-
natory of the treaty signed with Mexico on the 30th
of July last.
From the boisterous weather or some other cause
the submarine electrical cables between France
and England have been so damaged as to impede
the communications between the two countries.
There are three cables belonging to the telegraphic
companies of the Channel. Whilst repairs were in
progress in the former, which transmits from Calais,
that between Boulogne and Folkestone, which has
six conducting wires, accidentally broke last Sun-
day. The transmission of despatches can now only
be effected by the line between Dieppe and Beachy
Head. The conducting wires, four in number only,
which in England form a portion of the submarine
cable, are insufficient for the numerous despatches
sent and received from the two countries. Until
some remedy be afforded for the present position and
until the company shall be enabled to re-establish
the two interrupted lines the telegraphic communi-
cations between Paris and London will experience
considerable delay.
The Patrie of Lausanne contains an account of a
fatal accident to M. Telbin, the son of the well-
known scene-painter in London. He ascended the
Wasifleck to make a sketch of Rothstock. The
Wasifleck is a range of steep and dangerous moun-
tains, almost inaccessible. M. Telbin, jun., while
on a very elevated point, and preparing to sketch,
was overbalanced and precipitated from a height of
163 feet into the lake, and fell head-foremost into
the, boiling water. Some workmen, who saw the
terrible occurrence, endeavoured to render assist-
ance, but they were unable to recover the body.
The anticipations of the astronomers of the Obser-
vatory as to the continuance of adverse weather
have been realized. A few miles beyond Paris
there was a sort of minor whirlwind this morning,
and in the capital itself the wind has been violent
during the day. It has rained almost the whole
of to-day. The English are supposed to make an
important topic of the weather, but now, at all
events, it is a leading subject of thought and con-
versation with the French, and some of the papers
begin to publish gloomy anticipations in regard to
the vintage. In the meantime vegetables and other
products are rising in price. The bakers have also
raised the price of flour.
A small miserable-looking house, which is now
under repair, at the angle of the Rue de Nevers,
near the Pont Neuf, has au interesting historical
reminiscence attached to it. It is generally known
as the Nid de l'Aigle—the Eagle's Nest. There it
was that Napoleon Bonaparte, when he first came
to Paris, had his lodging, on the fifth floor. A
tablet still affixed to the house records the fact.

The Presse has a long article in reference to the
policy of M. Bismarck, in which it suggests that
the pressing demand of the Minister for money from
the Chamber proves that he has more enterprizes in
view, having for object the further aggrandisement
of Prussia.

MR. POPE lIENNESSY'S PAMPHLET ON " NAPOLEON
11. AND THE RHINE," Bvo., pp. 20 (Robert Hard-

wicke), is one of the most remarkable politica
brochures that has for years made its appearance
It is terse, logical, and comprehensive. It sets forth
by laughing to scorn the long since torn-up Treaty
of 1815. It states truly that the very last of the
great continental Powers to violate the engagements
of that treaty was precisely the one against whom
those engagements were entered into—meaning
thereby, of course, France. It pronounces boldly
and distinctly the reasonableness of the claim ad-
vanced by France—not by the French Emperor
alone, but by all France, by politicians in France of
all opinions, alike Imperialists, Republicans, Bour-
bonists and Orleanists—for the restoration to France
of one of her great natural and geographical fron-
tier-lines, the boundary mark of the Rhine—a
frontier-line as distinctly traced surely as those
drawn to the east by the Alps and to the south by
the Pyrenees. At the commencement of this brief
but masterly exposition by Mr. Hennessey of the
facts of past and contemporary history, so far as
those facts relate to this long and vexed question
of the Rhenish Provinces, the pamphleteer gives the
following simply truthful yet magnificent resume
of the results of the Napoleonic policy. " Time,"
he says, " has vindicated the policy of Napoleon,
and the combinations of his living intellect have
been equalled by the triumphs he has achieved from
his tomb. His regime is continued, and not merely
in name. The present Emperor, inspired by the
genius of his predecessor, is the chief ruler of Europe.
Again a Napoleon gives away kingdoms, and creates
empires. He bestows the iron crown of Lombardy
on the House of Savoy, and gives a throne in the
New World to the House of Hapsburg. Without
moving a soldier of his own he restores Venice to
herself. In a word, he has made France eminent
in diplomacy and in war. his domestic policy has
been equally successful. He found France on the
verge of bankruptcy : her railways at a discount, her
capital hoarded, her political instability involving a
chronic commercial crisis. Her bullion bad become
a refugee. It was gravely foretold that her credit
would become Spanish, and that her currency would
become Austrian. After fifteen years of rapid, but
smooth and equal progress, what do we behold ?
The French empire transformed into the first com-
mercial country iu the world. Compare her now
with the prolific mother of modern commerce. In
England money is dear, in France it is cheap. A
prolonged panic in the one country, a plethora of
wealth in the other. We have seen the largest dis-
count houses, the most famous contractors, the most
trusted banks trembling and toppling in England,
whilst her neighbour has not felt a single finan-
cial failure. Many of the iron locomotives that
move the commerce of Great Britain are manu-
factured for her by her rival. Even the
sheets of the London newspapers are imported from
the other side of the Channel ; and the palladium
of British liberty has its material source in France !
But, strangest and saddest contrast of all. The
Emperor congratulates his Chambers on the fact
that, in 1866, France has neither a single political
offender in her prisons, nor a single political refugee
beyond her frontiers. Our gracious Sovereign de-
plores the existence of a wide-spread, treasonable
tution in one part of the United Kingdom. Political
conspiracy, necessitating thosuspension of the consti-
prisoners are undergoing penal servitude in the capital
of England. More than a thousand political offenders
have been arrested, and the powers of the Mutiny
Act are brought into operation to punish soldiers
for political crimes. Beyond the Atlantic frontier
of the United Kingdom, hundred of thousands of
individuals who were born in allegiance to Queen
Victoria, are now avowed and active enemies of her
crown." And now, to sum up all, he says :
" Having given France power abroad, and political
content at home, and having more than restored her
commerce, her sovereign, as the exponent of her
opinion, speaks of restoring the ancient frontiers.
This proposal, it is said, involves violation of
the great title-deed of modern Europe, the Treaty
of Vienna.' "

Tha will of the late Right Hon. George, Earl
of Chesterfield, has been proved in the principal
Registry of the Court of Probate, and the personal
property sworn under £70,000. The will was made
in 1861, and confirms the family arrangements in
favour of his lordship's widow, the Countess of
Chesterfield, and also of his only daughter, the
Countess of Carnarvon ; and, after bequeathing a
legacy to the widow, gives all the rest of his pro-
perty, incuding the valuable and extensive estates
in Derbyshire and Nottingham, to his only son, the
present Earl of Chesterfield.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.
(By Atlantic Telegraph.)
NEW YORK, Sept. 13.
The Radicals have carried the Maine elections.
Sept. 12, Evening.

Gold, 1464. Exchange on London, 156. 5-20
United States Bonds, 111. Illinois, 122. Erie,
74. Cotton, 33i. Petroleum, crude, 27} ; re-
fined, 45. Stocks and Exchange firmer.

CIRCASSIA.

PARIS, Sept. 15.

Letters received here from Trebizonde state that
on the Ist September the revolt of the Abasians
was completely quelled. The rebel chief, Mahoun
Anan, with a party of his band, had been taken
prisoners.

SPAIN.

MADRID, Sept. 15.

The Epoca of to-day, says :—" The question of
the interest on the railway bonds has had the
serious consideration of the Minister of Public

iVorks."

RUSSIA.
ST. PETERSBURG, Sept. 15.

An announcement of the directors of the Bank
of Russia has been published to-day, stating that a
portion of the bonds of the seeond lottery loan,
amounting to 13,750,000 roubles, has not yet been
issued, and that their numbers will, therefore, not
be included in the approaching drawing for prizes.

PRUSSIA.

CARLSRUHE, Sept. 15.

Prussia has invited the representatives of those
German States which are members of the Zollverein

,o resume their functions.

SWITZERLAND.

BERN; Sept. 15.

The Marquis de Turgot has officially informed
the Federal Council that his journey to Paris was
rendered necessary by the state of his health.

FALMOUTH, SEPT. 14.

Mr. Jervoise Smith continues to canvass this
borough in the Liberal interest. He is considered
not quite sufficiently advanced for some Liberals
here ; but a split in the Liberal camp that was
rumoured is effectually suppressed by the advent of
a Conservative candidate, Mr. Fowler, banker, of
London, who is expected down here to-morrow.

Archbishop Manning on Catholicism.

The additions made to Mount St. Mary's Roman
Catholic Church, Leeds, which include a transept,
chancel, and side chapels, from designs by Mr. E.

W. Pugin, were " opened" on Thursday with great
ceremony. Archbishop Manning preached the ser-

mon, choosing as his text the passage from the book
of Daniel, " His Kingdom shall not be delivered to
another people." The archbishop contended that the
significance of the vision the prophet had, in the

course of which the stone cut out of the mountain

filled the whole earth, foreshadowed the universality
of the sovereignty and the perpetuity of the holy
Catholic Church, which from the sun-rise to the
sun-set expands its circumference and has its
centre immovable in Rome. Gladly, on such a day
as that, when they rejoiced together at the opening
of so magnificent a sanctuary, would he have spoken
of topics that breathe of peace rather than of that
which the events of the time forced at this moment
upon the heart of every Catholic throughout the
world. It was not to be disguised ; it would be
cowardice if they did not, with their eyes open,
contemplate the greatness of the crisis which had
come upon the Vicar of Jesus Christ and on the
throne from which he reigned. The day after to-
morrow, a convention formed over his sacred head
and without his knowledge, by two mighty powers,
would leave him without protection and without de-
fence. Although the execution of the compact
might be delayed for three short months, neverthe-
less the literal obligation would be at an end. From
the world, voices of rejoicing and exultation were
heard, boasting that the burden which had weighed
upon the world—the temporal power of the Sove-
reign Pontiff—had fallen to the ground. Only the
other day they were told by one of those public
voices which guide the opinion of Englishmen that
they were living in days pregnant with great
events ; that they had seen the fall of an empire,
and that now they should see the fall of the tempo-
ral power of the Pope. They had been told that the
temporal power was earthly, corrupt, full of ambi-
tion ; that it tainted the hearts of men, that it in-
sinuated into the Church of God a spirit of worldli-
ness and pride. It was suggested that the Sovereign
Pontiffs should come out, like the Gregorys and Leos
of past ages, a mighty spiritual power, released from
and disburdened of their temporal sovereignty. It
became them, then, to face these events steadfastly
and firmly, to distinguish true fears from causeless
terror, to ascertain what was indeed the providential
purpose of God as far as they might—to strengthen
and encourage each other's faith, and to stand con-
fident in the words of their Divine Master, that tha
gates of hell should not prevail against His Church.
Let him therefore bring before them an outline of
those great motives of confidence on which they
rested, that, come what might, dark as the moment
might be, and terrible as the antagonistic powers,
the clouds would pass away and disappear. It was
not more than four years ago since the throne of the
Sovereign Pontiff was surrounded by the bishops of
the world. Three hundred were there, and in the
name of their brethren they laid at the foot of his
throne those words of confidence :—" We believe
that the providence of God, by a very manifest in-
terposition, has clothed the Sovereign Pontiff who
reigns over the Universal Church with a civil prince-
dom, in order that he may exercise with more per-
fect freedom and more perfect liberty the spiritual
office committed to him by Jesus Christ ; that he
may dwell, not as a guest in a foreign country, but
as a lord in his own ; not as a stranger entertained
by sovereigns, but as a ruler where he dwells ; and
in order to the spiritual good of the Church through..
out the world, that this visible disposition of the
providence of God has been maintained in all ages
and through all trials inviolate by no less than a
S
miracle of God's power." Such, in substance, were
the filial words of faith and confidence in which
the bishops of the Catholic world addressed the
Sovereign Pontiff, and which gave to him (the arch-
bishop) the express terms in which to speak to them.
The temporal power, which was the object of so
much animosity and so much debate, which was de-
nounced as a mark of ambition, as a burden, as a
corruption, was here declared to be obtained by the
providence of God by direct disposition of the Divine
will, for the spiritual liberty, purity, and welfare of
the whole Church. It was to the condition of the
liberty of the Church and the providential order
whereby the freedom of the head of the Church had
been maintained since the ages of persecution ceased,
and the Christian world came into relations of peace.
The liberty of the head of the Church was the source
of the liberty to the Church throughout the world.
The Catholic Church was free in its spiritual office
because its head was free. The provinces of the em-
pire of Jesus Christ had that perfect freedom of spirit
because the Head of that empire was subjected to no
human power. God had thoughtproper to constitute
the head of his Church and the vicar of His Son in
a true and proper 'sovereignty. He therefore had a
two-fold sovereignty—a sovereignty over things spi-
ritual absolute and exclusive—committed to him as
vicar of the Incarnate Word, and in virtue of this
spiritual sovereignty he had been exempted from all
powers under God. No human power had authority
over him who was head of the Universal Church on
earth on the one hand, and representative of the in-
carnate Son of God, the Head of that Church in
heaven, on the other. And having given him this
personal sovereignty, God gave him also supremacy
of direction and guidance over all other powers on
earth. As He had constituted him to be the fountain
of the knowledge of the faith and expositor of ihe law
of Jesus Christ, so He had also made him to be su-
preme judge and supreme guide of all men, whether
as individuals or as households, as nations or as
kingdoms. All the collective powers upon earth
were subject to the law of God, of which the Sove-
reign Pontiff was the supreme interpreter and the
ultimate judge among men. And this personal sove-
reignty committed to him as head of the Church had
been secured in its external administration by the
.ocal sovereignty which the providence of God had

also committed to-him. Within the limits of that
sphere he was not a guest or a stranger upon suffer-
ance, but master of his own patrimony. Where
now was the worldliness, where the corruption of
this providence of God ? It was not given because
the temporal sovereignty was good in itself, or because
it led to titles and splendour upon earth, but be-
cause in the midst of the order of human powers it
was needful that he, as the head and lawgiver of the
Church on earth, should deal with the princes, the
potentates, the emperors, and the kings, as in all
things equal or superior. The Pontiff now happily
reigning declared some years ago that he held his
temporal power not for himself, nor for his own
ambition, not for the splendour of any earthly state,
but as a trust for the whole of Christendom, for the
benefit of the whole Church of the earth ; as a pro-
vidential means of administering, peacefully and
freely, the powers committed to his hands. The
patrimony of the Church was given by the faithful
to the Church of God, and was therefore hold not
only by a human but a sacred right. It was the in-
heritance of those who should come after him, as
he had inherited it from those who went before. It
was sanctioned and confirmed by the longest posses-
sion by which any sovereign on earth holds his
throne, and this order of his providence God has by
a perpetual miracle preserved. They had the 'con-
fidence of faith, that as God had created this two-
fold sovereignty, and *sustained it until now, so he
would permit it to be always tried, indeed, but would
never permit it to be overthrown. It was the boast
of the old Empire of Rome that it never drew back
its foot ; its frontiers went onwards spreading
throughout the world ; its legions conquered every
race ; its military roads penetrated to the most in-
accessible regions of the earth—but these boasts
ended in humiliation. Its frontiers gave way and
fell back upon the centre; the provinces of conquered
races arose and turned upon Rome till it was utterly
destroyed. But these words were true of the Church
of God. The Catholic Church from the beginning
had gone on expanding always ; it had gone ou ex-
tending its frontiers, widening its provinces, and
enlarging its sway. Even when whole nations fell
from it like England, it took possession of America
in the North and in the South. It had always gone
on advancing, never withdrawing ; and so long as
there was a Christian world, so long as faith in
Jesus Christ pervaded the hearts of men, so long as
Christian law and j ustice reigned oyer the cohsciences

of men, the Vicar of Jesus Christ would continue
still sovereign of his apostolic throne. The history
of the past was an evidence of what they might ex-
pect in the future. There never had been a moment
in which the Church had not unfolded itself. All the
persecutions by heretics only showed the infallibility
of its voice ; all the invasions by barbarians showed
the stability of its foundations ; all the usurpations
of the world showed only its inviolate purity. The
despotism of kings had failed to subjugate it; the
rising and the revolution of the world had only
made the barque of the apostle toss to and fro like
his boat on the Lake Genesareth, but the waters had
not sunk it. There was a future before America
and Asia, as there was a past in Europe, and there
was a future for Europe too, and in that future the
Church of God would have its work to do as it had
had iu the past. Bands of armed men were circling
round the walls of the holy city, but they had done
so a thousand times before, and had swept by as did
the swell of the sea, beating themselves into foam
and disappearing as they passed. Thirty popes had
been martyred, four had been exiled, five had been
imprisoned, seven had reigned in Avignon, and had
governed the church without entering Rome ; nine
had been driven from it by the factions and revolu-
tions of Rome itself ; 20 had been driven from it by
the injustice of kings and princes ; and three pon-
tiffs, within the memory of living men—Pius the
6th, Pius the 7th, and Pius the 9th—had been com-
pelled to go into exile. These facts brought before
them two great laws of God's kingdom on earth—
the one that it was always to be assailed, and the other
that it was always to be restored. Rome had been
held over and over again by usurpers, but it had
over and over again been restored. The law of spo-
liation had its way, but in the history of Christen-
dom the law of restoration had followed with equal
certainty. They had confidence, therefore, that God
had not forsaken His Church. What, then, was
the future before them? It would be more splendid,
more luminous than the past. Through trial,
through conflict,with great hostility from the world,
but with ever advancing extension of power ; such
had been the history of the Church hitherto, and
such it would be hereafter. Three great antagonists
had assailed the Church. Two of these had been
broken ; the third was now in its power and iu its
pride, but it would be broken likewise. Paganism for
300 years strove to blot the name of Jesus Christ
from off the earth. Where was Paganism now ?
The Church had taken its revenge upon the Pagans
by converting them to God. Mahommedaßism—the
groat mediaeval Antichrist—threatened to sweep
Christianity before it ; but by the interposition of
the prayer, and the hand of God, the Mahommedan
power had passed away ; its armies were scattered,
its fleets dispersed to appear no more in the history
of the world. The third great antagonist that had
risen against the Holy See was a revolution and
secret conspiracy of men in all parts of the world ;
but this also would be destroyed. What has been
shall be—how he did not know ; but they were
assured that God would disperse this far more ter-
rible antagonist as he had destroyed the others,
that the dark clouds which for the moment over-
shadowed the Holy Sec would be swept away by the
presence and the power of God.
In the afternoon luncheon was provided in the
Stock Exchange, and was largely attended. Lord
Herries presided, and amongst the guests were the
Archbishop of Westminster and the Bishop of
Beverley. The cloth having been removed, the first
toast given by the chairman was "The Pope," fol-
lowed by " Her Majesty the Queen," " The Prince
and Princess of Wales and the rest of the Royal
Family," and " The Archbishop of 'Westminster."
Dr. MANNING, in rising to acknowledge this
last-mentioned toast, was received with loud
cheers. After referring to the pleasure he
had enjoyed in taking part in the ceremonial
at St. Mary's Church, and to the importance
of the work in London over which he wag
called to preside, he said that Catholics were engaged
iu this country in a contest with the noble-hearted,
kindly-disposed, obstinate, and very intelligent race
of their English brethren. (Cheers.) Within the
sphere of the faith, of the Church, and of all things
belonging to it, ho knew no nationality whatsoever ;
but in everything which did not belong to the
Church he was an Englishman. If he wanted a
friend or an enemy, he would say—" Give me an
Englishman." (Applause.) As a friend nobody
was more warm, hearty, open, unselfish, generous,
and sincere ; and as ate enemy, although he had bad
severe contests with them, he never knew more than
one or two who dealt him a foul blow. (Hear,
hear," and applause.) He firmly believed that there
was a great truth in the saying of the late Cardinal,
that the conversion of England would, by God's
providence, be accomplished. When it might be
he could not even dream, but this was certain, that
the Roman Catholic Church in England was gra"
dually expanding and extending, and that contro-
versy was gradually dying out. He would ask his
rev. brethren present how often they were engaged
in controversies regarding transubstantiation or in-
vocations ? (Several voices, " Very seldom.
Did it happen once a year ? (Cries of " No.")
Should he tell them why ? It was because so large
a number of the clergy of the Established Church
had taken out of the hands of the Catholic clergy
the labour of contending about the doctrines to
which he had referred. (" Hear, hear," and ar
plause.) The Catholics had been left to the mac"'
more happy and peaceful task of reaping the fields
—(laughter and* applause)—and he confessed
he
would rather be a humble reaper or a simple gleaner
than armed with the weapons of war. (Hear, Bear•)
He concluded by proposing " The health of the
bishop of the diocese."