The Sun.
London, England, 1866-07-04 00:00:00

SEPTEMBER.

urragh 4, 5, 6
_ _

OCTOBER.

Curragli l6, 17 18
FRENCH RACING FIXTURES.
JULY.
Toulouse
St. Omer
Rouon
Metz B, 9 I Saintos 2B, 29
Amiens
AUGUST.
Deauvi11e....,,......... 4,5, 6 Lo Mans
Rochefort 5 Leon l9, 20
Bourges.
Valenciennes
Moulins
Cherbourg l9
SEPT

IMBER.
Paris (Autumn) 23, 30

Baden-Baden 3, 5, 7
Chantilly
OCT

IBER.
Vincennes

Paris 7
Chantilly l4, 18

St. Pancras Churchyard.

Yesterday was appointed by the Bishop of Lon-
don for the consecration of a piece of ground which
had been appropriated by the Midland Railway
Company to the purpose of re-interment of the

bodies or remains of deceased persons which at pre-
sent lie in the churchyards of St. Giles-in-the-
Fields and Old St. Pancras, and which it may be
found necessary to remove in constructing the works
of the Metropolitan Branch and Terminus of the
Midland Railway.
The piece of land in question consists of about
three-quarters of an acre, bounded on the north by
then north-eastern
the lunatic wards of St. Pancras Workhouse, on the
west by the eastern wall of St. Giles's Cteomaetnearyrr,oow
point on
the east by a palisading forming the boundary of
the Midlandonthe
south,Rail waaybluinttei,ng on
taperingand
corner of Old St. Pancras Churchyard. The whole
of this ground is situated in the parish of St. Pan-
cras, but the freehold is vested in the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners.

The Bishop of London had appointed 1 o'clock
p.m. for the ceremony of consecration, and shortly
after that hour arrived at the old mortuary chapel
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Old St. Pancras-road,
where he was received by the Rev. Canon Champ-
neys, vicar; the Rev. Mr. Arrowsmith, incumbent
of Old St. Pancras ; the Rev. Mr. Thorold, rector
of St. Giles, and other clergymen ; by Mr. Price,
M.P. for Gloucester, deputy-chairman ; Mr. Bar-
low, chief engineer ; Mr. Beale, solicitor, and seve-
ral directors of the Midland Railway; Mr. &adding,
clerk to the church trustees ; Dr. Hillier, medical
officer of health ; sey eral members, of the sanatory
committee of St. Pancras, and its chairman, Mr.
Watson, &c.

agtot
jeheecgreonusnwdertee
bePro
consecrated
ir to the
processionseveral
lp moving
objections
raised, some it was feared at the outset which would
be fatal to the legality of the ceremony being per-
formed altogether. In the first place, only a few
days since the Secretary of State for the Home De-
partment had made a solemn promise to the sana-
tory committee and the medical officer of health of
St. Pancras that he would not sanction, at all
events at the present period of the year, the removal
of large masses of human remains from the two
churchyards in question, reeking as they were known
to be with dead. The question then arose whether
in the face of this promise the Secretary of State
had given his sanction to these proceedings in accord-
ance with the 9th section of the Metropolitan Burials
Act, the 15th and 16th section, C. 85, which enacts,
" No new burial-ground or cemetery (parochial or
non-parochial) shall be provided and used in the
metropolis, or within two miles of any part thereof,
without the previous approval of one of her Majesty's
principal Secretaries of State." This point was
settled by the declaration in the petition from the
to the bishop, setting
forth that such approval of her Majesty's Secretary
of State bad been given. But the more serious Midland Railway Company
ob-
jection still remained. This arose from the con-
struction put upon the 33d section of the Metropolis
Burials Act, by which it is provided that where a
burial-ground is provided for two or more parishes
such burial-ground shall be in law as if such parishes
were one parish, and the incumbent or minister of
such parishes are to be entitled to all such rights,
&c., as pertained to the burial-ground of their own
parish, &c. On the part of St. Pancras it was
argued that they sould not consent to any right of
supervision over the ground to be appropriated for
consecration by the authorities of St. Giles's. In
order to get rid of this difficulty it was suggested
that whilst the new burial ground for the reception
of these remains should be granted and consecrated
for the parish of St. Pancras, it was
provided that
St. Giles's should have the use thereof for similar
purposes. This was met on the part of St. Giles's,
that they might be subjected to prohibition from
placing the remains of bodies therein from St. Giles's
ground if the authorities of St. Pancras objected.
The Bishop, however, overruled this protest on
the ground that the faculty from his Court enabled
the bodies of St. Giles's parishioners to be removed
as it directed. He, therefore, adopted the sug-
gestion.

The procession then walked to the ground to be
consecrated, in the centre of which a
small marquee
had been erected, and where a much larger congre-
gation had assembled than it would contain. The
right reverend prelate proceeded with the ceremony
till arriving at that part where the presentation of
the petition for consecrating takes
place. After re-

citing the acts under which the Midland Railway
Company had powers to pass through the St. Giles's
and St. Pancras's-churchyards, it stated that these
acts also gave them powers to remove bodies from
vaults, and from one grave to another in the same
ground ; but added that the ground was no longer
used as an interment ground, and there was not
sufficient room for such re-interment of bodies.
They, therefore, prayed that the bishop would con-
secrate the ground then inclosed, to meet the neces-
sities referred to in their petition.

The Bishop of LONDON said the Secretary of State
had signified his approval of the consecration of this
ground, on condition that it was used only for the
re-interment of the bodies removed from the adjoin-
ing burial-ground of St. Pancras and St. Giles's in
carrying out the works of the Midland Railway
Company. (The Bishop was here about to proceed
when the ceremony was interrupted by several ob-
j ections being apparently raised, and several of the
gentlemen present, as well as the clergy, crowded
round him, and a whispering conversation took
place for some time, in which the solicitors for the
company, the Bishop's surrogate, Mr. Sheppard,
and others took part.) At its conclusion the Bishop
continued :—The objection now raised was, that
there was no provision made for transferring bodies
from St. George's, Bloomsbury, as well as those of
St. Giles's, but as they were united parishes, he saw
no difficulty under his faculty, although the ground
belonged to St. Pancras. The Secretary of State
having, therefore, given his sanction for the removal
of the bodies from St. Giles's and St. Pancras, he
felt quite ready to consecrate the ground.
The right rev, prelate then proceeded to conse-
crate the ground, dispensing with the usual cere-
mony of perambulation, stating as his reason that
it was unnecessary, the place in which they were
assembled being part and parcel of the ground con-
secrated.

The proceedings then closed, and were looked
upon by the authorities and others present as a com-
plete farce, the ceremony of consecration affording
no real protection to the remains of the dead from
desecration.

Progress of Science in America.

0

(From the New York Daily Tribune, .Tune 9.)

MODERN IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH APPARATUS-
TUNNELLING-CANONS.
. .

At a recent meeting of the Polytechnic branch of the
American Institute, Professor Tilman, the chairman, road
a paper on "the Galvanometer," showing that it is possi-
ble to arrive at the actual intensity or force of any gal-
vanic current by the application of Amphero's formulas to
the motion of the sensitive needle ; but as a long calcula-
tion would have to be made for each case separately, and
as the elements entering into the calculation wore liable
to change, it was important to find a ready means of gra-
duating the scale of deflection. Several distinguished
philosophers had used the galvanometer in connection with
the Thermo-pile for the purpose of determining minute
differences in temperature. Nobili and Becquerel had en-
deavoured to fix the scale by the use of pairs of rods
heated at alternate joints. Melloni had also used a simi-
lar method. Poggendorff proposed to reach the same re-
sult by using coils at various inclinations to the magnetic
meridian. Dr. L. Bradley, of our own country, who was
present with apparatus, had recently brought out means
whereby the use of the galvanometer would bo greatly
improved, and become of real service in delicate and exact
measurement of electrical force.

Dr. Bradley exhibited his apparatus for measuring the
amount of resistance offered by different telegraph instru-
ments to the passage of the current. The common gal-
vanometer attached to the Rheostat shows by the deflec-
tion of the magnetic needle the effect of the resistance,
and the amount of the deflection is somehow related to the
amount of resistance, but exactly how has never yet been
ascertained. The world wants a good measure for com-
paring one resistance with another. The resistance offered
by every mile of distance over which an electric signal
travels is considered as a unit.

He has taken as his unit that adopted by our country-
men. General Lefferts, and Moses B. Farmer, who had
succeeded in producing a very compact and convenient
form of Rheostat, using spools of fine wire, the passage
of the current through which was equal to any desired
length of line. The doctor had arranged a series of
these, adjusted with great care in a single compact in-
strument, provided with a delicate slide, lover, switches,
&c., whereby a greater or less number could be turned
on, so as to attain any desired amount of resistance,
and show exactly what is the length of line equal to that
resistance.

Some instruments forrecciving andrecording the signals
used in telegraphing produce a resistance equal to 10 or 20
miles of line, while others are so constructed or adjusted
as to induce a resistance equal to 100 miles or more. The
instruments with groat resistance work with a weaker
current, and all aro adapted for certain situations.

The instruments having coils of slight resistance should
be arranged along the middle of the line, and those of
great resistance at the ends. This apparatus would mea-
sure and assort them with great facility.
A groat simplification of battery, lately invented by Dr.
E. A. Hill, of Chicago, was also exhibited. This dispenses
with the porous cup heretofore considered necessary be-
tween the two solutions. It had been found that tho differ-

ence in the specific gravities was sufficient to keep them
separate with proper care. Instead of arranging the zinc
plate around the copper plate with the porous partition
between, as in the popular Grove battery, Dr. Hill uses flat
plates located one above the other with no partition be-
tween. The copper plate lies near the bottom of the cup,
the zinc plate near the top. The cup is nearly filled with
sulphate of zinc and allowed to become quiet. The sul-
phate of copper is then gently introduced in the form of solid
crystal, which falls to the bottom of the cup, and there soon
dissolves. Tho result, the familiar blue solution, lies in a
tolerably distinct stratum at the bottom. Care must be
taken not to introduce so much of the copper sulphate as to
mingle quite up to the zinc plate, as in such case local
action will result, and the copper will be deposited on the
zinc, causing considerable mischief. To prevent the
chance of this the plates are placed a considerable dis-
tance apart, which increases the resistance of the battery.
The speaker had tested this in his own practice as a
manufacturer and fitter-up of such apparatus, and com-
mended it highly. He had found this battery less efficient,
cup for cup, than the Grove, but the result was a greater
economy. He estimated 100 of these cups equal to 40 of
the Gruvo, but the cost of maintenance of the whole was
only about ono-fifth. The consumption of materials was
only ono-half as great as by the very economical battery
known as Chester's, or the Chronic Acid battery.
Smoo's battery was very efficient in depositing metals
for electro-metallurgical purposes, but was too irregular
and too fiery to be recommended for telegraphing. It was
of very little use for that.
In practice telegraphing was very much affected by the
state of the weather. In good weather 100 cups of the
Hill battery above described operated eight lines—meaning
eight wires--in the United States Company's office, while
in bad weather it will work but two properly.
Mr. Stetson, the Secretary, said that imperfect insulation
affected the efficiency of telegraphic communications very
materially. Even webs produced by insects in some
otherwise goods forms of insulators militated strongly
against their success in wet weather, particularly in gales of
wind. Every spider's web extending between the wires and
theneighbouring conducting surfaces serves as an efficient
conductor to lead away the current. There is a loss at
every telegraph pole.
Dr. Bradley said that De La Hive had suggested that the
tangent of the angle of deflection of the magnetic needle,
exposed to the current in the galvanometer, might be con-
sidered as approximating to the true measure of resistance.
The Doctor believed that this was an absolutely exact
measure, but has not yet proved it to his satisfaction
by actual experiment. These forces acted against each
other precisely as opposing weights fixed on a wheel at
the two extremities of a quadrant.
Dr. Howell exhibited a very perfect:cut-off or balance
valve for use in steam-engines. The introduction of a cut-
off valve in the steampipe at any considerable distance from
the engine had been found to produce no good effect. If
placed very close, directly on the main valve, it was useful.
Very great progress had been made in this direction, as
also for facilitating the movements of large slide valves,
within the last few years.
Mr, Hyde exhibited an ingenious hammer, operated by a
crank, to be used for striking drills in an inclined or hori-
zontal position in drilling rock. It was particularly useful
in tunnels whore drills were introduced inclining upward.
The machine would operate a hammer weighing 25 pounds
with ease. Mon can strike directly with sledges either
perpendicular down, or slightly inclined, but this instru-
ment greatly reduces the labour in striking upward. There
is eccentric gearing which draws the hammer backward
slowly, but strikes it quickly forward.
The well-known Geologist, Dr. Stevens, invited atton-

tion to the peculiarities of the mammoth gullies, or canons
produced by the rivers west of the Rocky Mountains. Our
neighbour tho Niagira had excavated a gully 350 feet
deep. Tho Ohio, near Wellsville, had similarly washed
the earth away to a depth of 700 feet below its original
formation. But the Black Canon whore tho Colorado
passes through the Black Mountains, runs for a consider-
able distance ,through an elevated plateau, the general
elevation of which is a mile above its surfaco. At
one point there is absolutely a perpendicular procipico as-
certained by a careful barometric measurement to be one
mile in height. At ono point the surface is 6,000 feotabove
the river. His remarks on this, as also on the peculiar
Steppes or offsets in the formation of tho State of Now
York measured on the meridian, from the Cattskills across
the valley of the Mohawk to the Adirondack, were illus-
hated by large diagrams.