The Sun.
London, England, 1835-01-15 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

271 E r
,rESTM.INSTER REVIEW. JANUARY,

1835.
The \T Simphin and Marshall.
"-`ev7 Year, which extends its genial influ-
to!nee all the animate productions of nature, has
to_uched with its invigorating wand the powerful pages
!the "'Westminster Review." The master-mind which
*s t called it into being, seems again to have visited it
an the fulness of immortal strength, and to have im-
-1(:;!rted to
it all the vigour and freshness which first
laistiuguished it among its more aristocratic contempo-
,oles. Tile prer„,ent number is neither so varied nor
.a. brilliantl as many of its predecessors ; but it cer-
ta in, yields to none in the importance of its articles,
_titt the great ability with which they are treated. The
most stirring pavers are on " Miss Aikin's Court of
•aries 1.," " Irish Labourers," " Practice of the
sear
utTinitrelarl..iLnaw of Scotland,,, CC Germany," and " the
quiry by the Man with Forty Crowns a-
: ar"---alluding to the late free-trade inquiry under the
luperintendence of the French Government. This
,astPalier is given in French and English on the op-
traorstiitees sides of thepage, for the instruction of all
Concerned, so that John Bull and Monsieur
lot may each read the article in his turn without
iding the meaning- in the unintelligil)ility of a foreign
th °tn. This article appears to be written by the au-
a 113 of the. well-known paper on Free Trade, which W
11ilienred some two or more years since in the " est-
nster
Review," and possesses all the merit of that ex-
cellent and admired production.
With Review of the Court of Charles I, will be read
rn°re than ordinary attention at this time. The
prpeat similarity between many of the causes which
tint'oked the horrid catastrophe, which led to the esta-
-I,:hluent of a Commonwealth in England, and those
Tel marl; the opposition between the British Sove-
-Negri and tile most enlightened of his subjects at the
time, are too striking not to awaken feelings of
she
Test painful nature. God forbid that this country
I,:tuid ever again have to pass through such an ordeal ;
with our experience of the past, it would be the
exe"s
the of foolishness to feel indifierent to any errors in
Government, which -recal to the public mind a
Itvlicand in our history Pregnant with every calamity,
roe fraught with every crime. We know that the
te:, mention of Charles I. in conjunction with the
tts6inng Sovereign is looked upon by many persons
a. Proof of disaffection ; but we cannot allow such a
del
of leate squeamisEness to deter us from the discharge
tile"' duty to the King and his people. They are
re_incist faithful subjects of his Majesty who endea-
``) Prevent evil, by pointing out the causes of it,
11,1!
by showing the baneful effects which it produced
7past times, even at the peril of offending against all
polite usages of the Court. Acting up to this prin-
e"ve submit to our readers the following brief
haininary of the principal causes which led to the un-
PPY collision between Charles I. and his subjects :
ex,itew are the memorials, and small the commiseration they
h4for those who groaned in secret under a systuti of ad-
%tration, which must so often have struck at hearts as
orif not so courageous, as the nv.glity ones of the field
the,senate. On the other Parr, every disagreement be-
afi.eell the Stuart and his
attendants and capuchirj„
the distr c.:,reign wife, his trouble from her
the intrigues of Blainville and Bas-
aa
tioosaiihmainutell, -,ss and mortification of the Royal Family,
detailed, as though their nerves and flesh and
b..een woven of another texture than our own. At
tisileespee°,,rc•oation, an order was issued directing all persons pos-
k4;_``,:f landed property to the amount of 401. per annum
.to
the dignity of knighthood, or compound for the. omis-f
h eY a fine fixed at discretion. The second Parliament o
tarles was as loftily treated, and about as absurdly dissolved,
or he first; nor did the third experience different treatmeut,
jmanifest more spirit and dignity. The servility of
.their
eakers, who like more modern ones, extolled the King,
itvi,raid Monarchy, Parliaments, Bishops, Commons, Laws,
Sonieu_uges, only served to exasperate the successive. Houses.
their f the most popular leaders were compelled. against
tiom:cill. to serve as sheriffs, that they might" be disqualified
sie„ -"king their scats. Reiterated consideration and diTis-
L. 7 I grievances, the charges against the Duke of Bucking-
domination and interposition of the Lords, disputes
t,Fen the Crown and the Lower House, a constant press-
eat Jrotn. the court party for pecuniary supplies, the oppressivle,
of ll.ient of Williams Bishop of Lincoln, as well as the Eat_-..s
ud Bristol and Arundel, the grossly illegal incarceration of sir
ttild ley Digges and Sir John Eliot, and the levy of tonnage
tun Popmidage, went far towards rousing the slumbering lion.
that of Integrity and reflection grew more and more convinced
their bey must take under their own management, and into
lab°,hands, the necessary business of reform. Such. a
aelii:l.rtneY well knew must be per se, as the prospect of its
titttelvienlnnt was perilous. Yet, putting their lives and forh-
ia th 11 Jeopardy, the majority never looked back.. The Churc,
alee e meanwhile crossed herself for grace, stroking her lawn
144? with gratulatory impressions of their purity.d
rots ei With sabbatarian prruudiccs, some of the most ange-
turi2;aSthings in the world. She uncovered her head andre-
lose God thanks, when a preacher, an author, or a printer,
tOie IS ears. She fleeced and flayed the flock she was sworn
feed
he boonp which, by a felicitous mistranslation or mis-
111,1"iireof her bridegroom's injunction, she devoutly and
l
hat,r,l°l'slY fed. Never to so great a degree had the genhe.ra
oknet' enveloped the altar and the crown.' . Every t ;nog
Ch ferward from bad to worse. The evasive con uc.
_f
arles
on the Petition of Rights, scattered to the winds
owr44atfery e r might have remained to him of attachment, respect,h.
Decn,fectlen• He stood exposed, yet shameless, before. is
dell, a detected hypocrite, an unmasked tyrant,to,
gbinve others if he could have done so, but himself irretries-
Y deluded."
t We will not hurt the feelings, or alarm the fears of
viie more sensitive part of the public, by a single obser-
th.4ti°4 on the above extract. It speaks for itself, and
—hd a language too which cannot be for a moment mis-
erstood.
The paper on Germany is very important, and in
"lir opinion deserves to be republished in the form of a
pamphlet. It embodies a mass of information which
i 5 rarely found collected in so small a compass. The
e'hqcniring is the opening passage—the only one for
:;"ch We can afford space in the present crowded state
-4. our columns :
ti` Twenty years have elapsed since the Sovereigns of Gero-f
re'llY solemnly promised to their people the establishment.
tplPresentative governments, as a stimulus to those exertions
th,e Overthrow of French domination throughout Europe,
tittle(' Were without parallel in history for unanimity, valour,
4,4lsilecess. The Confederation of the Rhine, an incompleted
04",,unpotent conception of Napoleon's, was formallyE dissolved
Jt„,,'''e 25th of March 1813, at Kalisch, by the mperofr h
treat and the King of Prussia. The sixth article ote
he-,,.,73'0f. Paris, dated May 30, 1814, declares the basis of the
th-.„"ermanic
offti And the thirteenth artic e o
pre r ederal Act Vienna, dated t:4h June 1815, confirms
cli.°4l,lse which had been previously held out by the severalfd -
tie'el Sovereigns, that ' in all the States of the C on e era-
-Ilin there shall be a separate legislative constitution.' (Int
:413undesstaaten wird cine landetiindische Terfassung
.staa
tore oi. England guaranteed that engagement,. by thes!gna-
- „,c4 her Plenipotentiaries and the ratification of her King.
pii(e,lhp following is a list of the Sovereigns who._ haveracnotirrin-,
eo,_".with the letter of their promise, by nominally g
ustuutions to their subjects :.-..

Date of Constitution
ki
le intg of
26 May, 1828.
25 Sept. 1819.
K. g of Wurtembero-
111g of II '
xi ii anover
1 March 1831.
qrag " Saxon
28 Aug. 1828.
Grand nd Duke of Baden
17 Dec. 1820.
t,e Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt
1 Jan. 1831.
draetor of Hesse
titlii;tedoDunu,krueriosfw.laxemburg
Duke 4'( of 1\ as.sau
Duke
of
c.Saxe-Weimar 22:Slityl. 111888211048...
23 Aug. 1829.
I:Puk ,,ace-Nleiningen-liilburghausen
pri_e of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
priL'ee of Swarzburg-Rudolstadt BB
Jan. Aug.
1816. 1821.
prince
of Lichtenstein
'4ce of Waldeck 9th Nov.
1188118..
pc
stTielt inie3t,
io°as ftohl lioniV it insg_ 's a list of those who have violated their
oi id
I,:rn •• letteri and its spirit, by altogether refusing
~ Pepor of Austria
...‘in„,„,.,. , .
Grand 6 In ui ussia
q r Duke of Mecklenburg- Seim erin
Gran ail(' Duke of Alecklenburg-Strelitz
1:1,1 Duke of Oldenburg
Dukeof Holstein...
of Saxe-Altenberg
of Anhalt-Dessau
D4l', e of Anhalt-Bernberg
0" of Anhalt-Coethen
Dri.tince of Hohenzollern- H e ckin gen
! ee of Hohenzollern-Sig-maringen
On" of Reuss, senior branch
rince of Reuss' junior branch
prince . '
who offered the mockery
r. of Lippe
Ince of Lippe-Schaumburg} ofth Drin eapceoonpslteitruet
rejected.
I _ ce of Svrarzenbsirgh-Sonclerhausen
tave of Hesse-Homburg
ere then are Nineteen millions of people totally deceived