The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-12 00:00:00

~//.A,

wise for rtngland not to
any other Power may pu
hopes and win the confide
high-spirited nation ; au(
wiser for England and ve'
Powers did she herself 11
the most vigorous press'
Governments. Down th
freedom England can sail far more swiftly than any
absolute Power.
The. Italian question is prc-cminently an English
qutstion.

711 E STATE OF ITALY.

(From the Lady 217ews.)

The serious-state of Italy is as vividly illustrated
by the amnesty just granted to 61 of his subjects,
whose only fault and crime was their patriotism; by
the King of Naples, as by the addition of 40,000
men to the Austrian army of occupation. His Nea-
politan `Majesty has not waited for the arrival of
the Bavarian Princess, or the mania.° of his son .
and heir apparent, the Duke of Calabria; but in
his hasty terror has yielded to the remonstrances of
the Emperor of Russia, and liberated his prisOners
from that cruelty and those sufferings which, the
world will kn-ow and condemn to the last hour 'of
recorded time.

This intelligence is a relief to outraged nature';
and Europe will, it is to be hoped, show in some
way to the unhappy victims of this unparalleled
tyranny, that it can feel for their deep-wrongs, and
welcome them back again into the light of Heaven,
and to the pure air of our coinmoit Creator, in a
manner that will exonerate the 19th century from
all participation in the crime of its basest and worst
sovereign—at once a disgrace to monarchy and a
scandal to mankind.
It is not, however, by acts even of this kind, per-
formed at the eleventh hour, that the King of
Naples can be re-admitted into public and recog-
nised intercourse with France and England. Care-
fully as the present Government of England con-
ceal their views and wishes as to Italy—unknown
as the policy of our Cabinet is on the question
which now occupies the attention and awakens the
fears and apprehensions of every rational man in
Europe, any manifestation on their part of an in-
tention to resume diplomatic relations with the
Court of Naples because that Court has yielded to
alarm and the entreaties of Russia, what it denied
to humanity and the representations of England
and France, must and will be resisted by every
man who has a heart to feel or a head to appre.
ciate what Victor Emmanuel so touchingly and
truthfully calls the anguish of that country.
No doubt an amnesty was an indispensable condi-
tion to even a consideration of renewed intercourse.
But it was not the only requirement. It was a pre-
liminary without which the subject could not be
entertained. But, the amnesty granted, much more
remains to be done before it befits the honour or the
self-respect of England either to receive from or
send representatives to Naples. And if this were so
month§ ago, it is far more imperative and indis-
pensable now, when the whole question of Italy has
risen (as every rational man knew that, left to itself, .
it must rise) into one of the most dangerous Euro-
pean importance, when the entire country, South,
Central, and North, is boiling over with disaffection.
when Austria augments its previously enormous
garrisons, and everything forebodes complications,
disorders, and difficulties of the gravest and most
alarming kind.
We must not, however, exaggerate the value of
the reinforcements now ordered 'or making in the
Austrian army, large as they are said to be ; for
Austria in Italy occupies a country in which she
has not a single friend, in which every native is her
sworn enemy, and her resolute, unalterable foe; in
which she has erected a series of immense fortresses
that require small armies of themselves for their
garrisons, and in which she can only maintain her-
self by an expenditure of money that must be utterly
ruinous to her finances, and of men whom she can-
not hope to replace. Already, too, there-are symp-
toms of disaffection amongst her troops in Italy.
At Cremona, Croat and Hungarian regiments have
come into collision ; and the sympathies of the lat-
ter for the wrongs and misery of Italy have broken
out in cries and shouts no less hopeful for Italy than
alarming for Austria. If Austria can repress in-
surrection by increasing her army in Italy to
130,000 soldiers, she can only meet their cost by in-
creased taxation. Already her Italian revenues are
falling off ; and where in the rest of her poverty-
stricken States can she hope to make up the defi-
ciency thereby created, to say nothing of her rapidly
augmenting pecuniary necessities?
Then again the Austrian Government is not at
harmony with itself, and it is with reference to Italy
that this discord prevails. The Archduke Maximilian
dissents from and disapproves of the haughty and :
cruel policy of Vienna, which will hear of noth mg but
repression by violence and force. That wiser Prince
desires and recommends milder treatment for Italy,
conciliation, and some regard for the feelings of tho
people he governs. Not so the Emperor, in whom
are concentrated all the pride, arrogance, and
ignorance of the house of Hapsburg; he resents and
resists the prudent and humane recommendations
of the son-in-law of Leopold of Belgium ; he relies
on the sword, the bayonet, and the cannon alone.
Nevertheless he hesitates to recall his brother; he
dares not to drive matters to that extremity. -
And Rome—it becomes a growing source of
danger to Austria. At length Louis Napoleon, too
late perhaps for his true interests, finds how idle,
how hopeless it is to expect improvements or
ameliorations from the Papal Government. Year
after year, month after month, the Emperor of the
French has pressed and urged on the Holy Father
the adoption of those rational principles of admi-
nistration which in his famous letter to Ney ho
proclaimed to Europe were the ohjects of an inter-
vention which, to do him the justice-ef adhering to
facts, he- inherited from Cavaignac, and did not
originate. To all French appeals and entreaties;
to all- the representations and remonstrances of
their saviours and- restorers, whatever be the
subject matter of them—the misery of the oppressed . •
people or the outrage of the .11lortara ease—the
answer of this Government of Priests is one and-
the same, "Non possumus." And this answer, so -
hateful, so mortifying to the French, has •the
support and approval of Austria.
In this her disappointment at Rome, France
desires to withdraw her troops, and proposes con-
joint evacuation to Austria. Inasmuch, however,
as Rome and the Papal States left to themselves
would soon settle for themselves their quarrels with
their own Sovereign, Austria- refuses to withdraw.
And thus France is not only - compelled to stay in
Rome, but by remaining there to support a system
which she has struggled to eradicate, and to Save
Austria from the consequences of a Papal misgo-
vernment which she alone, of all European Powers,
approves and upholds.
It is in vain to call out " Peace! Peace!" when
there can be no peace ! Not "poppy nor mandragora"
can arrest the disaffection of Italy. It is the natural,
the legitimate, the necessary consequence of that
Austrian domination which sets all moderation,
temperance, and regard for human feelings and
sufferings at defiance ; which accumulates wrong
on wrong, tyranny on tyranny, injustice on injus-
tice; which rejects remonstrance, even from its own
Archdukes and Viceroys, and listens to no sugges-
tions from Allies who contend against fate to pre-
serVe the tranquillity of the world. -
It is idle to refer to the history of the past, to
show that for eight centuries Italy has not been
independent, to speculate on the illusion of Italian
independence. These in the present state of that -
country are but excuses and apologies for miseries _
that are unendurable, and woes that make even
useless revolt a virtue. Let it be assumed (though
the assumption is false and unfounded) that Italy
will never recover her independence, can never
enjoy freedom. ' That is not the present question.
The present question is, can she be induced to
remain quiet under her wrongs ? Ought Europe
(to save itself from inconvenience) to wish her to •
remain tranquil in her woes ? It is not a matter of
government ; it is a question of humanity. And if
the King of Naples has been under the
justly put
ban of European civilisation for barbarity to in
subjects, with what logic or decency can Austria be
~
saved from similar reprobation for crimesnetore
which even his atrocious cruelties grow pale
o

A MOTIIER AND DAUGHTER CHARGED WITH
MURDERING A CHILD.—On Monday, an inquest -was held
by Mr. Hereford, city coroner, on the body °Mlle male child
of Maria Spooner, dressmaker, Hall's-crescent, Rochdale-,
road. The evidence of the surgeon, Dr; C. D. F. Phillips,
proved that the child was born alive on Saturday ra,41.04
last, and that it had been strangled. He also stated that its
mother and grandmother, the only individuals living in the
houte, were very. anxious to obtain from him a certificate of
death, they alleging that the child was still-born. The jury
returned a verdict of wilful murder against Maria Spooner,
the younger, and Maria Spooner, the elder, for whose com-
mittal to Kirkdale gaol the coroner issued his warrant.—
ilfanchestor Guardian.

WRECK OFF NEWBIGGIN, NORTHUMBERLAND.--
NEWBIGGIN, Islonday.—At two o'clock yesterday morning
lights were observed to burn from a vessel aground off New-
bigEtin Point. It was blowing hard at the time, with a strong
east' wind and heavy sea. The lifeboat of the National Life-
boati Institution was immediately launched, proceeded to the
wrek, and took off her crew of four hands, whom she safely
brought on shore. The night being very dark, the vessel was
supposed to have come too near the land. She proved to be
the Fchooner Betsy, d Sunderland. Fortunately, she Wws,
subsequently got off and safely brought into harbour. The
lifeboat's crew of fourteen men have been paid ild for
theits valuable services on the occasion. This is one of the
most complete lifeboat stations on the coast, and reflects
mu t credit on all concerned in its management. The
National Lifeboat. Institution has lifeboats thoroughly
equipped on this exposed coast at the following places
Berinck, Boulmer, Alnmouth, Hauldey, Newbigginl
Cuarcoatis

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