The Sun.
London, England, 1866-07-27 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

Tl3lES.—Within a few hours of the time when
these lines are published the world will probably
witness the completion of one of the grandest and
most beneficent enterprises of the age. Yesterday
at noon the Great Eastern was but 80 miles from
the rendezvous which is the end of her voyage ; she
was in only 130 fathoms water, and unless some
unforeseen calamity take place, London and New
York ought to be in telegraphic communication by
to-morrow morning. So wonderful an event may
excuse almost any hyperbole of congratulation. The
genius and enterprise of this country have com-
pleted a work which transcends not only experience
but fancy. Men hardly arrived at middle age re-
member a time when such an idea as an instanta-
neous communication between the two Continents
would have been looked upon as the wildest-dream.
Even of late years there have been sober, calculating
people who have considered the laying of an Atlan-
tic Cable to be a mad enterprise, destined to sink
many hundred thousand pounds of capital belonging
to sanguine investors, and to remain for ever to
form a chapter in the " History of Human Error."
The immense distance to be traversed ; the great
depths at which the cable must be submerged
during part of its course ; the abrupt variations in
the bed of the ocean ; the chances of storm and fog
and iceberg, of defective construction, which might
perhaps be only detected when too late, of machi-
nery a little too stiff or heavy, which might snap the
cable by a sudden jerk, of clumsiness in some one
employed, which might frustrate all the calculations
and all the pains bestowed on the work—these, and
the many accidents which no human foresight can
entirely guard against, made some prudent people
incredulous to the last. There were not wanting those
who said that if ever a telegraphic message was sent
from London to New York it would be sent nearly
round the world, by way of Russia, Siberia, Beh-
ring's Straits, and Western America. On the other
hand, the faith and courage of the projectors have
been beyond all praise. From the first inception of
the enterprise there has been a body of able men
who have never doubted that a cable might be laid
and made to work. Year after year they have
gained a clearer conception of the task, and matured
the plans which have ended in this magnificent suc-
cess. Submarine cables have been laid on so large
a scale and under so many various conditions of late
years that the Atlantic Telegraph has had the ad-
vantage of a great accumulation of facts. The
Mediterranean lines and the sea section of the Indian
line have been full of instruction on the subject. In
some parts of the Mediterranean great depths have
been traversed, and the effect of these on the cable
has been well noted, and hints are also gained as to
the best system of laying down a line. But the
ocean which rolls between Ireland and Newfound-
land has given the most complete, though the most
costly lessons. Years roll by so quickly that it is
difficult to realise that nine of them have been de-
voted to Atlantic telegraphy. Not, indeed, that
there has been a yearly expedition ; but the first
expedition was in 1857, and since that time the plans
and experiments have never ceased. We believe it
is about twenty years since the proposal to construct
an ocean telegraph between the two Continents was
made ; but the scheme was too bold, and the ex-
perience in such matters too slight, for either the
Government or the public to undertake the work.
But year by year cables were laid in the principal
narrow seas of the world ; one had been worked from
Varna to the Crimea, and one was promised which
should deal with the greatest depths of the Medi-
terranean. While the Old World was thus gaining
the benefits of ready communication, it was not
likely that either England or America would neglect
the momentous question of their own union. To join
the two continents by such a line as had been laid
down between England and France or England and
Ireland was an obvious idea, but it needed men of
talent and courage to conceive it as a practical en-
terprise, and to enter energetically on the work.
This, however, was done, and in the summer of
1857 a company had been formed, 2,500 miles of
cable had been manufactured, and two of the finest
vessels of war in the world, the Agamemnon and
the Niagara, were ready to steam away with it.
This earliest attempt was doomed to end in speedy
disappointment. The expedition started amid the
applause and the premature felicitations of the
public, but ill-success attended it. When the ships
were but a few miles from the coast, the cable,
which the Niagara was paying out, became en-
tangled in the machinery and parted. The squadron
returned to recover what had been laid down and
to join it, and then went again on its way. But
want of experience was fata. As the ship came on
the sudden declivity in the ocean bed, where it
descends from 400 to 1,700 fathoms, the weight of
the cable made an increase of retarding pressure
necessary. The machinery, though devised with
great skill, appears not to have applied and re-
laxed this pressure with sufficient readiness, and
the cable snapped. There was an end of the
expedition for that year, but in 1858 another
squadron set forth, with improved appliances and
far better founded hopes of success. The ships
freighted with the cable were again the Agamem-

4'.
non and the Niagara, which were accompanied bythe usual attendant vessels. The first voyage Wl'
ma.ushiP;
long, be memorable in the annals of sea
_the tremendous storm in which the over-freighte,e_
Agamemnon. nearly perished was recorded at the
time in the columns of this journal, and the descrip-
tion tion will be fresh in the memory of most of 01
readers. The squadron returned to port, but se;
forth again in a few days on what may be termeoof
the fourth cable-laying voyage. On the sth ot
August, 1858, the first telegraphic messagewasser,
under the Atlantic. It was at the time of the CM _
bourg Fetes, and it was impossible not to draw
comparison between the pacific work which Eeglan
l
had borne the chief part in effecting and the
s.
war-
like constructions of our neighbours. But again "
appointment was to follow, the more bitter becausesuccess bad been actually attained. Herl"efts an y.
actually talked with President Buchanan,
sr,.
news came about a collision between two steatou
The congratulations were at the highest and loudest'te
when an ominous indistinctness was observed In
signals. People in Trinity Bay
were evidently say-
ingll something, but Valentia could not understab;
it. For nearly a month the powers of the
lingered. before they completely expired. The, 11,
snlation of the wire gradually became more lau 01
till at last, on the 4th of September, the power
en
transmitting messages entirely ceased. For sevA
years no new expedition was sent forth, thet,
future success was being prepared by careful "ref
riments, by an improvement in the manufacture.ne
cables, and by observations of other suhnlarsl
lines. At last the Great Eastern sailed with too
miles of wire on the 15th of July last year. the he
the daily progress of the ship was watched, bow doubts of the timid gave way to confidence as every c,
24 hours seemed to bring her nearer to assured
cess, how, when the communication suddenly ee.as74
every supposition that could avert the conviction
entire failure was indulged, and how at last ev-eitt
Gres
Eastern was destroyed by the return of the ur„ii
Eastern herself with the news that the cable
parted in mid-ocean, will be long remembered.
last the victory is won. Amid the fogs of the Ne
f.oundla nd Bank the Great Eastern is slowly 11t726
mg Trinity Bay. In shallow water and so near the
coast there can hardly be any further danger to
.d
cable. If even it were to break, it could, it iati
be grappled for and raised without much diffieula
So far as human foresight can judge, the Old %.
the New World will be in telegraphic commeninced
_tion before to-morrow night. The prospect oPei7d.
to the world by this achievement is so 101.'4
lous. that any attempt to describe it must give tie
a faint and feeble picture. The two mos, aecrin
and energetic nations of the globe are placed of
hourly communication. The Government to
England and the United States will be (0,,.`,0,
converse rapidly and freely, removing 13115,7heit
ceptions. should they arise, and transacting ";vg
affairs without the delay of a voyage eleribo
which the face of events may be changed.le,ntot
mercantile interests of both countries the gain
beimmense. We can well conceive the ear' age
of England and America being anxious to mbar
ventures for the success of the enterprise, ford
success will be worth millions to them. All'„:ca•
oply will this country gain by its ready comroll,
:ili.
tion with the United States, but also by the lai';vg
ties which the telegraph will give for correspo.l'en
with British North America. These countrle2l
the north and the whole region far away west;eali
to British Columbia and California will aesll the
be before long in hourly communication wit', rio
Old World. Indeed, now that the great enterP,o
is completed, there can be no doubt that in a;do.
years the entire globe will be spanned by the :yea
graph wires, and the news of the planet will be g' tic
every morning in the London papers. The Atlaetbe
makes the only great break in the continuity efre
land. of the globe. The three old continents Ac.iri,
single mass. The wires may be carried from "
ch
gapore over island after island until they riaid ,
Australia. In the New World they may heAciog
easily from Labrador to Patagonia. By brlu„ht
the Atlantic these two great systems are bre"evo.
0
into connection. It is a great work, a 01 t° dit
age and nation, and the men who have aebiev' of
deserve to be honoured among the benefactors
their race.
s ef
HERALD.--The statements made in both Hollseeiv
Parliament last night dispose of Mr. Beales Pr°,,• ter
mation. We know now that the revising barr'ep.
of. Trafalgar-square was guilty of—a inisee.les''
ton : and that when he sent out the "
which startled half the town on WednesdaY, e.' of
ing, he did so on the strength of the amiabilitire,
the Home Secretary and the audacity of his own
~
quest. That it was a misconception we have
doubt. . But, as the Home Secretary character:for
it, it
.was a very extraordinary one. The reques,ufor
permission to hold a meeting iu Hyde-park on i": 03
day next—an. afterthought of Mr. Beales'-I,,tit
made in writing late in the afternoon ; and at no
the same time at which Mr. Walpole received
and
assent of the Government was announced, ae" the
triumph of Mr. Beales was duly placarded Oddly
„
streets and magnified in Hyde-park.
-1740 v--
enough, one of the members of the
nrk-
League—if we mistake not much more of 3 W-v 1...
ing-man's friend and a Reformer than Mdu
r" ty
mond Beales, Mr. Holyoake—thought it his inst
to call on the Home Secretary, and protest gaol
the proclamation put forward by Mr. Beales aed
so the whole triumph of the League over laW.e At
order, in the person of the Home Secretary, is
an end.

•og.
CHIEF BARON KELLY.—A preliminary illee„tdi yf
was held at the White Horse Hotel, Ipswich, on 14'9"-;y:
to take into consideration the best means of giving tvieggst
propriate reception to the Chief Baron on the Ist of Ai/7i iy
next, and the following resolution was unanil33%sief
agreed to :—" That it is desirable to meet the Lord `"--t,fo
Baron, on his entry into the town, as one of her gales tee
judges, to escort him to the Assize Court." A conn%
was appointed to carry out the intentions of the ineet.61113.%
MILITARY MANCEUVRES ON THE RHINE.-4",104
some military manoeuvres near Strasburg, a few dais
a pontoon bridge was thrown across the Rhino 1'
minutes.

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Births.
MO'
BRANDON—OR the 25th inst., at Point House, Ptitl2-9'
H. Brandon, of a daughter. bbertt
wife
HIBBERT—On the 25th inst., the of Fred. D. ghii•
of Bucknell Manor House, Oxfordshire, of a dalig; 13erter•
ROBERTS - On the 16th inst., Lady Roberts, of 11131°1'0 of
WARD—On the 25th inst., at Oxford, Mrs. G. 6. "
a daughter.

Marriages. Church,
FOSTER—DENNEY—On the 25th inst., at Christ (i. 0.1
Highbury, Michael E. Foster, EFq., of BishopsgatOßue
to Henrietta, only daughter of the late WM'
Esq., of Coggeshall, Essex. nosrr
,e
ROSE—PYM—On the 25th inst., at St. George's,
square, Philip Frederick, eldest son of Philip itos ipc/P'
of Rutland-gate, and Rayners, High Wyconabk 11„f11,'
to Rose Annie, daughter of the late Rev. Win' 'IVY'
rector of William, Herts, and niece of the late '
Esq., of The Ilazells, Beds.

Deaths.
DANIELS —On the 24th inst., at 54, Welbeek-street,
dish-square, Win. Daniels, Esq aged 85. „ of
FROGGATT —On the 24th inst., Henry Froggatt, 9rsoS
Rose Lodge, Tulse-hill, Brixton, Surrey Y°lll3sAesrreP
of the late T. Froggat, Esq., of Sutton Lodge, -11
aged 45. r. 13'
Joitx--:On the 24th inst., at Windsor, Major George,,,
St. John, Military Knight of Windsor, late of t-
Regt., and third sop of Gen. the Hon. F. St. Jo",„'„ of
PERKINS - On the 24th inst., Augustus S. Perkins, P's".l
54, Old Steine, Brighton, aged 57. Yr. R.
TENNANT—On the 24th inst., at The Elms, r
BetforT erg'
Tennant, head of the firm of Tennant Brothers, 'J--
aged 49. poi
YOUNG -On the 24th inst., at Laverock Bank' 93
mouth, Morayshire, Alexander Young, late CsP'''
Sutherland Highlanders.

London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN eii t
of No. 112, Strand, Plinter. at Tim SUN oil.;C
ce• `,,„°.ty
Strand, in the Pvc-oinet of: the Savoy, in the °w-
KiddleEca.—Friday, July 27, 1866.