The Sun.
London, England, 1859-05-17 00:00:00

ROYAL 1
ITALIALAN OPE. N ERA, D.RU_RY- L_ TEs rr NEW 8.

The repetition of "Rigoletto" was marked last night by
the first appearance of a prima donna in the role of Gilda.
The young lady, Mdlle. Brambilla, possesses a fine, sound,
clear soprano, excellent in its middle notes, and effective
in its higher tones ; in brief, she possesses the
physical, as well as the mental qualifications for a
foremost artiste—the finish given by study and prac-
tice, and the self-possession which experience bestows,
being the deficiencies. In act iii., for a lady in her noviciate,
Brambilla achieved wonders. The quartett in the
set scene—with Il Duaca and Maddalena within the ruin-
ous hostelrie, and her father and herself in the pelting of
the pitiless storm—was encored by unanimous consent.
Signor Mongini was encored in " La Donna e mobile," to
which his peculiar sostenuto on the middle syllable of
ac-cen-to, in the concluding phrase " mute d'accento e di
pensier," seemed to create a furore in the audience. Signor
Mongini's Duaca is a decided success. The same may be
affirmed of the Rigoletto of Signor Fagotti.
The ballet " Ariadne," supported by Mdlle. Boschetti,
and the numerous corps de ballet, closed the evening.

THE WAR IN ITALY.

The following telegrars have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, MAY 17.

The Itioniteur of to-da, contains a report of the
Minister of Finance, res)ecting the subscriptions
made towards the new lam. The subscribed capital
amounts to 2,307 millions. Eighty millions have
been subscribed in sums If 10f. rente. The number
of subscribers is 525,00 G The Ministerial report
points out that such resifts prove the solidity of
the French financial system, and the wealth, power,
and patriotism of France They also show the inti-
mate union of France and the Emperor, and the entire
confidence of the nation ii the strength and wisdom
of the Sovereign who pi sides over its destinies.
The Itioniteur also contains the following tele-
gram from Alessandria, Nlay 16th :—The rain has
fallen incessantly during the last two days, but the
bad weather has not prevented our troops from
taking the positions assigned to them by the Em-
peror, whose head-quarters still continue to be at
Alessandria.

TURIN, MAY 16.
The Emperor remains still at Alessandria, busied
with his Generals in laying strategical plans.

OFFICIAL BULLETIN.
PUBLISHED MONDAY, MAY 16.

A body of our cavalry has recently fallen in with
a detachment of Austrian hussars near Vogliera,
and took prisoners a wounded corporal and some
privates. Mc, Auatziana have withdrawn from
Voghera to Casteggio.
Nothing new from Vercelli.
The Gazetta di Bologna announces officially that
Austria has recognised the neutrality of the States
of the Church.

TURIN, MAY 17.
OFFICIAL BULLETIN.-(THIS DAY.)

The bridge of Stella has been threatened by the
Austrians. The waters of the Po have risen con-
siderably. Women and children of the country
are compelled by the enemy to labour at the works.
The Mayor of Barbianello, a village in the dis-
trict of Alessandria, and other Mayors of the pro-
vince of Voghera, who refused to comply with the
demand for contributions, have been arrested.
Austrian workmen have been assembled on the
right bank of the Po, and at the bridge of Stella,
and other workmen have been collected between
Broni and Stradella.

TRIESTE, MAY 15.

(This message, dated Trieste, 15th, was forwarded
from Trieste on the 16th, at 11.40 a.m., and arrived
in London on the 17th, at 8 a.m.)

The English merchant steamer Douro has arrived
with the East Indian mails and passengers. When
passing Avlona, in Turkey, she was boarded by the
boats of a French ship of the line. A French
squadron, consisting of two ships of the line and
a frigate, have captured four Austrian merchant
vessels.

ROME, MAY 15.
The Duke of Grammont left Rome this day for
Genoa, by telegraphic order from the Emperor.
Yesterday it was reported that a popular move-
ment had taken place at Casena.
Rome is tranquil.

ROME, MAY 16.

"On the llth inst. the Tuscan Consul at Ancona
hauled down his flag. On the 12th the French
and Sardinian Consuls protested to the relegate
against the continuation of fortification, and
threatened to demand their passports. At mid-
night the Delegate was still speaking with the
Austrian General. On the 13th the Austrians
were at work levelling a casino, although the state
of siege has been raised.

"France has not yet recognized the neutrality

of Naples.
"Rome is tranquil."

VIENNA, MAY 16, EVENING.
The Ministerial Oesterreichische Corresponden

says :

On the 15th inst., an English merchant steamer,
bringing the Egyptian and Indian mails and 56
passengers to Trieste, was overhauled by boats of a
French liner off Sassana o,wosite Aviona.
Two French liners and one frigate are cruising
off the Albanian coast.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY.

A meeting of the Privy Council, and a Council of
Ministers, at which the Empress-Regent, presided,
were held on Saturday at the Tuileries. Prince
Jerome was present.

The Empress-Regent, with her household, yester-
day attended mass in the chapel of the Tuileries,
after which the usual presentations took place.
The Emperor has received the reply of the Pre-
sident of the United States to the notification of
the marriage of Prince Napoleon.
During the absence of the Emperor, the decrees
published will bear the ordinary formula Na-
poleon, by the grace of God, &c.", and will conclude
in the following words, " For the Emperor—in
virtue of the powers conferred on me, the Empress."
The instructions left for the Empress are said to
have been written by his Majesty himself. They
are drawn up with the greatest clearness and pre-
cision, and provide for all the cases that can arise
in the relations between her Majesty and the con-
stituted bodies.
The Grand Duchess Catherine of Russia and her
husband; the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, have
arrived in Paris. They have come from the south,
and intend to remain for a few days in the French
capital before their return to St. Petersburg.
The army of observation under Marshal Pelissier,
with the head-quarters at Nancy, will comprise, it
is said, four divisions of infantry and two of cavalry.
Everything is ready on paper; the generals of
division and of brigades all named. The Marshal
had an audience yesterday of the Empress Regent.

It is rumoured that four new Marshals of France
will soon be nominated—viz., Prince Napoleon, and
Generals de MacMahon, Niel, and Regnault de St.
Jean d'Angely.
The committee of the Legislative Body, on the
bill for according credits of 90,000,000 f. to the
Minister of War and 50,000,000 f. to the Minister of
Marine, gravely modified Art. 2 of the bill. That
article enacted that those expenses should be pro-
vided for out of the resources of 1859; but the
committee resolved that not they, but all the ex•
penses, ordinary and extraordinary, caused by the
war in Italy, shall be paid out of the loan. The
committee has also proposed that the sum of
9,900,000 f. destined for the Chinese expedition,
shall likewise be taken from the loan. The Council
of State acceded to the changes proposed by the
committee, and it was in that. state that the bill
was adopted by the Chamber.

The Courrier du Dimanclie gives a piece of news
which, although improbable, it regards as perfectly
true; namely, that a secret convention has been
entered into by Austria and the Porte on the sub-
ject of certain eventualities which may arise from
the actual state of affairs. By this arrangement,
the Porte undertakes to secure the tranquillity of
_the Danubian provinces, and Austria, in return,
engages to maintain imposing forces along the
Montenegrin, Servian, and Moldo-Wallachian fron•
tiers, and further promises the Porte entire seen-
ritp and even friendly dispositions on the part of

Greece. The same journal observes that this reci-
procal engagement proves the lamentable illusions
entertained by the Sultan's advisers and their total
ignorance of the real interests of their empire.
General Trochu has addressed the following
order of the day to the troops of his division :
" Being called by his Majesty the Emperor to
succeed General Bouat in the command of the
second division, I fulfil a duty in which you will all
join in shedding well-merited tears for his loss. He
served long and worthily, and manifested great
solicitude in the formation of this division, without,
however, enjoying the fruits of his labour. I will
take care that the precious heritage I receive from
him shall not suffer in my hands. In the campaign
which now opens we will firmly meet the most
difficult trials; we will prove our discipline and
obedience to the regulations, in the execution of
which you will find me inflexible, and on the day
of battle we will not suffer any brave men to be
braver than ourselves. We must not forget that
the inhabiWnts are our allies ; we must respect
their usages, their property, and their persons, and
we must wage war humanely as becomes a civilised
nation. In that manner our efforts will be crowned.
with success ; God will bless them, and I who com-
mand you shall consider the title of commander of
the second division as the greatest honour.
" Alessandria, 9th May. " TROCHU.
The Piedn2ontese Gazette publishes the following
official bulletins :

" No. 27. May 12, Evening.—We learn from San
Germano that this morning a troop of Savoy
cavalry, commanded by Lieut. Spini, having met a
patrol of Kaiser hussars, put them to flight, killing
one, and taking another prisoner."
" No. 28, May 13, Morning.—Last night about
600 Austrians occupied Rivergaro, along the Trebbia,
on the road from Piacenza to Bobbio. It is stated
from Broni that yesterday the enemy's artillery
commenced crossing the Stella bridge, on their way,
it was believed, to Stradella. Nothing new from
Vercelli. Our headquarters have been transferred
to Occimiano. Another large body of French troops
is shortly expected."
_ _

"No. 29.— TURIN, 13th, Evening.—The enemy
is collecting a large force at Castel San Giovanni,
on the Piacenza and Stradella. roads. His outposts
are noar the torrent Bardonezza. He is defending
the Stella bridge with six small forts ; his outposts
in that direction are at San Cipriano and Giesolo.
Two bridges have been constructed at Vigevano and
near La Motta Visconti, to secure his retreat."
(This has been mentioned by_telegraph.)—" Troops
and artillery are returning from Lonaelana towards
Pavia. Field fortifications are being constructed
at the Gravellone, at Codalunga, Portighetto, and
La Batella. Our troops this morning reconnoitred
the Cascine di Stra in force. The enemy did not
reply to the fire of our guns, and afterwards our
party resumed their former positions."
The 30th bulletin merely relates to the occupation
of Bobbio on the 14th, which, as already stated,
was evacuated the same day. To prevent mistakes,
our readers should keep in mind that Robbio is
situated midway between Novara and Casale, while
Bobbio lies clo3e to the frontier of Parma, on the
Trebbia. Occimiano lies between Casale and San
Salvatore. The Piedmontese Gazette also publishes
the following bulletin from the King's head-

quarters :
" No 7. SAN SALVATORE, May 12.—The recon-
noitring parties sent out beyond the Po report that
the enemy has almost entirely abandoned the posi-
tions held in the neighbourhood of the left bank of
the Po. Vercelli is still occupied by a small Aus-
trian corps. The sanitary and moral state of our
army continues to be excellent.
(Signed) iODELLA ROCCA."

A letter from Ivrea of the 12th in the Courrier
de Paris says :—" The Austrian army made an
attempt to cross a small mountain, the Serra, be-
tween Biella and this place, in order to penetrate
into the country on the other side, but they met
with Garibaldi and his Chasseurs of the Alps, a
band of armed peasants, and 450 pupils of the
military school of Ivrea, who on this occasion fired
their first musket shots. The Austrians were vigor-
ously repulsed and obliged to fall back on Biella,
and thence on the Sesia. While they were effect-
ing this retreat, four regiments of cavalry and
three batteries of Franco-Piedmontese artillery,
which had left Casale, advanced to Cigliano and
thence to Vercelli, which they occupied. The
Austrians had, however, time to recross the Sesia.
The two parties are therefore now opposite each
other at that place, the French and Piedmontese
on the right bank, and the Austrians on the left of
the river."
A Milan letter of the 9th says :—" By this time
the Austrians have prooaoly commencea their re•
treat. The commandant of the fortress of
Pizzighettone, situated on the Adda, between Lodi
and Cremona, has received orders to form an
abatis six feet high, with the trees round the for-
tress, which are all to be felled, in order not to im-
pede the fire of the guns, or the view from the ram-
parts. Hence measures are being already taken to
cover the march of the Austrian columns in their
retreat from Pavia to Mantua, Pizzighettone being
the only fortress on the Adda capable of protecting
a retreat. At Milan carts with wounded arrive
daily, and the number of these latter at present
amounts to upwards of 400, besides 2,000 more laid
up in consequence of fatiguing marches, &c. I have
this moment learnt that a convoy of ammunition
intended for the camp has been countermanded.
There are about 6,000 men at Milan."
The Dnke de Chartres is at present at Casale, in
the division of General Cialdini. In the night of

the 10th the young prince made a reconnaissance,

and sent in a report on what he observed. The
Duke d'Aumale has sent two English chargers to
his nephew.
The director of the Post-office at Verona has
issued a notice to the effect that henceforth, in
consequence of the war, money-letters can only be
guaranteed by the Post-office, as regards the. Italian
provinces of Austria and the coast of the Adriatic,
with the proviso that the risks of war are not in-
cluded in the guarantee.
Advices from Messina of the 9th say :
" Rear-Admiral Jurien de Lagraviere has arrived
here with the Eylau (flag-ship), Napoleon,
and Impetueuse. These vessels are coaling
for a cruize in the Adriatic, where they will be
joined by others. In the run from Toulon to Mes-
sina, the French squadron captured an Austrian
merchant vessel. which was sent into a French
port, the admiral not being aware of the resolution
come to by his Government to grant a certain
delay to Austrian vessels for leaving French ports.',
The Baden Gazette states, on the authority of
letters from Locarno, that nearly a hundred car-
riages laden with wounded Austrians have entered

Pavia.
Marshal Melizer de Kellemes, military governor
of Lombardy, has published a proclamation de-
claring that country to be in a state of siege. This
document contains the list of crimes, misdemeanours,
and contraventions which will be brought under the
cognizance of the military tribunals. They are :
—" Crimes : High treason ; offence against the
Sovereign or the members of the Imperial family ;
rising, rebellion, and disturbance of public tranquil-
lity ; unlawful detention of arms and ammunition ;
writing ordistributing revolutionary proclamations ;
wearing distinctions or uniforms of corps either dis-
banded or illegally armed; exciting demonstrations,
and particularly singing revolutionary songs in

public ; resistance to the armed force by blows or
menaces (the guard is in this case authorised to kill
the offender on the spot) ; malevolently damaging
railways or telegraphs. Misdemeanours : Tumult ;
taking part in secret societies or prohibited associa-
tions, or inducing others to do so ; sedition and
excitement to disturbance ; aggression or attacks
on soldiers not on duty Contraventions : Propa-
gation of alarming news ; insulting public func-
tionaries in the exercise of their duties ; tearing
down or defacing ordinances or notices publicly
posted up." Gen. Count Wimpfen, it may be remem-
bered, had already proclaimed a similar measure for
all the territory between the Payva and the frontier
of Dalmatia.
" The Emperor of Austria," says the Pays, is
about to place himself at the head of his army in
Lombardy. Part of his military household and
equipages have already left Vienna. His departure
Mill take place in great state, and several members
of the Imperial family will accompany hina.,,
A Vienna letter states that the public are every
day expecting the official announcement of a change
in the chief command of the army of Italy, and are
not at Ml pleased that the fate of the army should
be entrusted to Gen. Giulay, ''ben Gen. Hess pos-
sesses in so much a greater degree the confidence of
the nation. A communication from Vienna in the
Courrier de la Manche contains the following on

the same subject :—" According to our last accounts,
General Giulay quits the command of the Austrian
army, and is to be replaced by Baron Hess. The
first events of the war must have caused great dis-
content to the Emperor Francis Joseph, to cause him
to come to such a resolution ; for Baron Hess had
fallen into a sort of disgrace for having shown him-
self more of a soldier than a courtier. The follow-
ing is the anecdote current in the salons of Vienna:
The Emperor communicated to the general a plan
of campaign in Italy, and asked his opinion of it.
Sire,' said Baron Hess, after having seriously
examined it, I must declare to your Majesty that
the author of this work has no military know-
ledge, and that to execute his suggestions would
infallibly lead to the defeat of the army. The
Emperor knit his brow, and said—' I am the author
of the plan; others have found it excellent. Ten
years ago, general, you yourself would have
thought otherwise than you now do, but in getting
old you become timid.' General Hess is old
enough for this remark to have hurt him se-
verely. He was born in 1788, entered the ser-
vice in 1805, and his services have been highly
appreciated by those acquainted with military
affairs. It was he who advised the operations of
the five days' campaign, which in 1849 decided
the fate of Italy by the defeat of Novara, and Mar-
shal Radetsky loudly stated this to be the fact.
Military pride got the better for the time of the
general's respect as a subject. He wrote a letter
to the Emperor, in which he complained of the
expressions used by his Sovereign, adding that
after having maturely reflected on the matter, he
could not for a moment think that his 71 years had
at all impaired his faculties, and that with respect
to the plan of campaign he thought he should be
only giving a fresh proof of his devotedness in re-
pectfully advising the Emperor not to carry it into
execution. For his own part, though he considered
himself still young in mind and capable of being
useful to his .country, yet he frequently found that
the wounds he had received in the service of Austria
rendered repose salutary, and that he consequently
tendered his resignation. It would now appear
that the Emperor refused to allow the baron to
retire, and still makes use of his old experience."

The Fremdenblatt announces that the Austrian
army now counts the following German princes
among its generals :—The Landgrave Ferdinand of
Hesse-Homburg ; Alexander, Prince of Wurtem-
berg ; Alexander, Prince of Hesse ; the Prince of
Schleswig-Holstein ; and the Princes Gustavus
and William of Hoherlohe-Langenburg. Prince
Nicholas of Nassau has arrived in Vienna on his
way to join the Austrian army in Italy. Prince
William of Schaumburg-Lippe, son of the reigning
prince, has just entered the Austrian service.
According to late official returns, the• permanent
army of Prussia amounts to 211,731 men, and with
the war reserve to 275,895.

The Diet of Frankfort at its last sitting voted a
resolution for placing the garrisons- in the federal
fortresses on a war footing. Hanover having pro-
posed to concentrate an army of observation on the
western frontier of the Confederation, Prussia cate-
gorically opposed the measure.
BOURSE, May 16.7—The market has been steady,
with a slight advance in prices, owing to the result
of the subscription to the loan, which amounts, it
is said, to upwards of 2,200,000,000 f., and the sub-
scriptions of 17 departments are not complete. The
Credit Mobilier have subscribed for 150,000,000 f.
Threes, after having been done at 60f. 75c., improved
to 61f.; Mobilier varied from 560 f. to 570 f. ;
Austrian, 355 f. to 360 f. ; Orleans, 1,150 f. to
1,157 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 752 f. 50c. to 757 f. 50c. ;
Eastern, 575 f. to 580 f. ; Northern, 855 f. to 860 f. ;
and Lombard, 425 f. to 428 f. 75c.

The following were the closing quotations :-
41 per Cents. .... 89 25 'Credit Fonder CS)
Do. end month .. 89 Belgian 42 —
3 per Cents 6l 10 Piedmonteso (5) .. 77
Do. end month 6O 95 Roman 7B
Bank Shares 2BOO Austrian

Credit Mobilier .. 580 Spanish Threes
Do. Account ..... 575 Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern BBO .. 877 50
New ditto 750 .. 750

Lyons and. Mediterranean....- 765 -- .. 767 50
Geneva 450 -- .. 445 --

Southern

A 4401 f 7

‘A' 0 . ,e 0.0.0,

401 0Z • •

Eastern
Sardinian 340 .. 330
Austrian
• .

• Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 7ic. ; money,
25f. sc. ; three months, paper, 24f. 90c. ; money, 241. 87ic.

LITE_RATURE.

The Last of the Cavaliers. 3 vols. Bentley.

This is, in many respects, a remarkable work,
presenting a picture of an exciting era in the
national history, drawn with a vividness that ren-
ders it impressive, and brilliant with the colouring
of imaginative romance. The character of John
Graham of Claverhouse is a grand one, and what-
ever were his faults his merits eclipse them. The
stern adherence that he manifested towards a
desperate cause, the unshrinking fidelity which lie
displayed to a sovereign who roused no kindred
sympathies by his valour or constancy, the spirit
with which he confronted all danger, and faced all
foes, whether they were the warriors of the battle
field, or the darker and more dangerous opponents
of the crafty Convention, all combine to prove his
undeniable claim to the name of a hero. The latter
portion of his career is here chronicled, and the
passages are narrated in a striking manner. It is
no wonder that his name alone was sufficient to
strike terror into the ranks of the insurgents, and
that the most zealous of the Puritan partizans had
devoted themselves to his destruction. The hardest
part of his struggles was, however, in his own
ranks, where mutiny, discord, and vacillation
reigned paramount. He roused himself to inspirit
othrs, but his vehement exhortations were disre-
garded ; and the King himself injured his cause
greatly by. the want of firmness. An impressive
account is given here of the scene that occurred pre-
vious to the departure of James, when Claverhoase
urged, with all the fire of his spirit and the ardour
of his nature, that some decisive measures should be
at once taken :—" You are lost, sire, unless you
decide now," was his unhesitating _ assertion.
"The current runs swiftly on. To-morrow the
very power of deciding may be beyond
your reach for ever. Up. then, sire ; you may
triumph, you may fall, but Dundee will avenge you
first and die by your side, if you fall as becomes
your martyred father's son, the descendant of a
hundred kings." It is a satisfaction that this
dauntless man died in a manner that was in ac-
cordance with the tenor of his life : he was doomed
to no lingering imprisonment and to no hidden
fate by the stealthy attack of some midnight
assassin, but his brave spirit departed in the hour
of victory, rejoicing in the rays of the last gleam
that brightened the fortunes of his cause. It was
a fitting close to so brilliant a career that he should
look "proudly to heaven from the death-bed of
fame ;" and that country in whose annals he holds so
prominent a place can point to none of her soldier
sons who crowned a gallant life with a more glo-
rious death than lie of whom it has been written_
4, So, amidst the battle's thunder,
Shot, and steel, and scorching flame,
In the glory of his manhood
Passed the spirit of the Gnome "
Apart from the . historical portion of the
book, there are sketches of private life that
are most powerfully brought before us. Alice
Scott, the heroine, is a very interesting
character. Her life was a very melancholy one,
and the records of her story are told with a mourn.
ful pathos that is touching from its truthfulness.
Her brother, Norman, was a source of constant
anxiety to her; he was deeply involved in the
schemes of the Covenanters, and while she disap-
proved of them in her heart, she lived in hourly_
dread of seeing her brother taken prisoner and
submitted to some dreadful fate. He was, besides,
of a most ungovernable temper, and totally devoid
of any kindly feeling. The infatuation which
distinguished the Puritans is well described here,
and the case of Norman is a powerful instance of
it. When he committed the most dastardly acts,
lie considered himself not only justified, but praise-
worthy; and while his conduct disgraced the name
of a man, he believed himself under the influ-
ence of divine inspiration, and aspired to rank
among the elect of heaven. Macaulay, in one of
his admirable essays, has written a passage glowing
with eloquence on the subject of the Puritans.
In describing their feelings he says, " On the
rich and the eloquent, the noble and the
priest, they looked down with contempt,
for they esteemed themselves rich in a more pre-
cious treasure, and eloquent in a more sublime
language ; nobles by the right of an earlier creation,
priests by the imposition of a mightier hand."
This, grand as it may sound in words, is manifestly.
the height of assumption and bigotry. The promise 3
of the Scripture were for all mankind, and not the
exclusive heritage of an intolerant sect ; and those
who critically analyse the human character will

recognise something far nobler in the devotion of
the Cavalier, even if it were misguided in its zeal,
than in the fanaticism of the Puritan. The
description of the scenes through which Alice
passed in her frantic endeavour to warn Dun-
dee of his danger is most forcibly given.
The attachment which she felt for the
distinguished man whose genius she so admired,
and who had saved her from a dreadful fate by his
decision and kindness, was not unlikely, especially
when the peculiar circumstances that attended her
lot are considered. She was romantic in her nature,
and the lonely style of her life was in itself cal-
culated to depress her spirits, and excite her ima-
gination. Stirring scenes soon bring the cha-
racter to maturity, and Alice, whose gentle
nature would have remained simple if left to
a calm existence, soon raised itself to meet the
emergency ; and when, at the age of eighteen, she
closed her eyes on the scene of this world's sin
and suffering, she was older in cares than many
who have lived to twice that age. Lord Glencarrig
is a fine character ; there is something very noble
in his disposition. The constancy of his attaeh-
ment to his cousin, Lord Dundee, and the sincerity
of his love to the humble Alice, were sufficient
proofs of his upright and devoted nature. He was
as unfortunate as his friends in that sad period,
for he met with disappointments on all sides. It
was to his honour that he did not allow them to
pervert his disposition ; but he, on the contrary,
disciplined his wild passions, and became refined
through the furnace in which he had endured such
agony. He returned from the grave of his kinsman
to the home of his beloved Alice, to find that she
too had passed from the troubling of the wicked,
to the blessed land where the weary are at rest.
The reader will find much in this work to
engage his attention, excite his interest, and
call forth his admiration. It contains a brief but
brilliant sketch of the career of a master spirit of
his day, and it presents some striking notices of an
important epoch. It also delineates with the
force of truth, and the expressiveness of deep feel-
ings those dark passages of human life, whose con-
flicts are harder to sustain than those of the battle
field, and whose anguish is more bitter than that
of the mourner at the grave. " The Last of the
Cavaliers" may claim to rank among the most
meritorious of the novels of the present season; for
it not only possesses an attractive subject, but the
execution is excellent in thought and style. It can
hardly fail to gain the reader's sympathy for the
sorrows of the gentle heart of Alice Scott, and to
excite his admiration for the brave spirit, and heroic
courage of the great Dundee.

The Jews in the East. By the Rev. P. Beaton,
M.A., from the German of Dr. Fraukl. 2 cols•

Hurst and Blackett.

. This is in many respects a curious and interesting
work. :Dr. Frankl, the original author, is on
Austrian Jew, a physician by profession, who Was
charged by a German lady with a mission to the
Holy Land. Madame Herz, a Jewish lady of for-
tune, was desirous of establishing a school at Jeri!:
salem, to which all creeds should be admitted 11
they felt inclined to become members. She requested,.
Dr. Frankl to undertake the fulfilment of her.
benevolent intentirn, and he accordingly quitted
Austria for Palestine, availing himself, during his
route, of all opportunities of studying the condition
of his brethren in the East. The picture he dra
is a very gloomy one, the condition of the Jews ill
Jerusalem itself being degraded and miserable!
The manner in which the alms of the benevolent
Jews in other lands are appropriated by the receivers
is anything but creditable, while the indolence
and apathy of many of them contrasts strongly
with our notions of Jewish business transaction&
The benevolent plans of Sir Moses Montefioref
Albert Cohen, and other eminent members ottile
Jewish persuasion have languished from the mis-
management and indifference of those they were
intended to benefit. The schools, and other institil;
tions, they founded at Jerusalem, have declined and
deteriorated from the idleness and avarice of those
immediately concerned. Dr. Frankl laments that
the attention of the community is not turned tot
cultivation of the soil. On this subject he observe°
as follows :
" In the earlier part of this work we have directed!
special attention to the fruitfulness of the soil around Pal,
salem, and in Palestine generally ; the only difference
that it is presented to the eye in a different form from viliL
we see in European countries, blessed with water. 'lndustry
!?
and skill are the magic wands which here, as elsewhere
call forth rich and abundant harvests. Fields and garden:
still germinate and bring forth fruit as in the days of he
Bible ; oven the stony hills and rocks, which during
_A
long reign of barbarism were left uncultivated, are coven*"
with mulberry trees and vineyards planted by the Greeka•
"In the village of Der el Kamar on the inhospitable heigl,,,
of Lebanon, there is an entire Jewish community engag7,,
in agriculture and in rearing cattle. None but Jews are
employed on Sir Moses Montefiore's plantations of citrons
and pomegranates at Jaffa. But all this is out of Jellt;
salem ; here we saw only one man, who had bought slid
cultivated a corner of Mount Zion, which amply rept;
him for his labour. Mr. Meschulam, an English Jew, wl
Latin . hap+ years col.
closed garden of Solomon,' as it is called, nearbßethlehea!!,
and raises the finest fruit, and such excellent vegetable
_fi
were never known in Jerusalem before. At first he suffe'
from the hostile feeling shown toward him by the M0ha,311,:0
medans, but now that he is under the protection of
re
English Consul, he is left unmolested, and his labours a;
richly rewarded. At Jerusalem the Jews only labour
the field purchased by the mission in the way we ha to
already shown. But who is to teach the people, who lanr
incite them to labour ? The teachers ? They do not labeo
themselves. The Rabbis ? It is their interest that for
present state of things should continue, that the crY
bread should reach to every land, and that all the Jew„.a
the earth show their sympathy by sending alms, witleir
suspecting that, by doing so, they are demoralising
ft
co-religionists in the place which they esteem to be ta
holy.
Give them work that they may learn to work; but
them lands, which they may possess here though theY
not do so at home; that they may earn their bread as
has appointed, in the sweat of their brow, that they
become a noble community instead of a colony of begP'-'
and that they may sanctify the name of the Lord."
Thr. mental indolence of the Jews of the Holy
would seem to equal their physical idleness. e,
traveller comments upon it as a cause of the deg
aeration of the national intelligence.
riperl
" I found the greatest. difficulty in. securing a pr.- hat
qualified teacher for the institution. It was evident t of
he must be a man strictly observant of all the ordinance!,
religion, and, at the same time, possessed of intelligenc'Llo
capacity for teaching, a fair education at least, and %ore
talent for management. There is not in Jerusalem, w one
the Jews do nothing else but study the Talmud, anYoi-
possessed of such attainments as that the Jewish
.corns',eare.
ties in Germany would entrust their children to Donna I
The native Jews do not extend their studies further,rt,oT
was assured that there is not among them a talnrat the
pilpulist of any reputation. With the exception
medical men and Mr. Joseph Schwarz, the Jews at JehY
saim are utterly ignorant of physical science, of geogrbefoto
and history, even of the history of their own nation
and after the destruction of the city.
sae°
" The Jews who immigrate to Jerusalem usuallyP°, ?god
a certain knowledge of the Talmud and a more ellaa''tip
experience; but here, if they do not give themselvea„.o,
entirely to idleness, they do not extend their studies ;InoPodl
are satisfied with retaining that knowledge of the Tai tbis
which they already possessed. They do not imps " oon,
knowledge to their children, and as we have already a con,
the latter are not provided with any school, where they err
obtain the same education as their parents, who, freal,,nose
previous residence in Europe, are superior to them l'l,v"--dten
ledge of the world and general information. Theirenjot‘
or grandchildren have scarcely even a superficial aetiugiora
ance with science or history, or even with the
ordinary branches of reading and writing."
When the school which Dr. Frankl established red
opened crowds of women, leading. half4lfitheit
thought,
reception children, besieged him, begging
reception into the institution. This, he I;at
was a sign that the real feeling's of the Pe°l3o of
large was not expressed by the indifferenetate.
their leaders. It appears from the author's !tehlo
ments that half the sums intended for char'. se
purposes are appropriated by those throng "d that
hands the money passes. It is to be hoped for-
for'
the institution which he founded will be more
innate iu its treasurers. We are not tolabillAcea
about it after the account of its opening. °se of
most of the information concerning the PurPThere
his journey is vague and incidentally
is a curious abruptness about some parts _ either
work, which opens without a word of preface in
,„
from author or translator, and which closes
The
somewhat similar fashion, only the author p wnthe
his escort on another journey to Jerusalerae. -;;na
first volume finds the traveller in Greece, and.
given.of the
narrates his impressions of Constantinopiu was
Beyrout. Dr. Frank', himself an author,; trace's'
introduced to many celebrities during 11-s • with
and the notes he gives of his conversations.n,_to
them are full of interest. He exchanged otaisubs,
Omer and
nod
with the King and Queen of Greece,
Abd-el-Kader, Rangabe, the Grecian P
the notabilities_ wo k
. i(,)f
statesman, and many others of
the kingdoms through which he passed. Tau'
oc of rn b
travels,i combines th
we anecdoteith
the
d eatnadi de
de s cri
examinationt n ch ar aientote.for_
sec
condition of the Jews in the East. "Y'sa solve
Christian readers may feel disposed to nliN._v he
of his elaborate details, but the general-al..e, and
presents of the condition of " the hopeless faith ia
homeless race" in their own cherished Palestine,
ents of
not without a mournful pathos. The eernin_tarious
an intellegent and learned traveller on O N
with
features of his route are always received , deeply'
favour, and the work will be especially anu
interesting to the members of his own race
persuasion.
•

MR. PALMER LATE M.P. FOR B ERNs.--11°
faithful and consistent services of Mr. Robert Palmer, Bch
represented the county of Berks in Parliament for the lalp
period of 34 years, lmve won for him the esteem and aqu of
i.
ration not only of his friends and supporters, but ecitud.l
his political opponents. His retirement into private
about to be followed by a suitable recognition of his Parlisf
mentary services, arid to promote that object ams of
the friends of that gentleman is shortly about to be
he`,../
Resolutions will be passed as to the most suitable mode
testifying their respect for the character of that hon• get'.
tleman and appreciation of his services while a represez/
tive in radial:WA,