The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-05 00:00:00

THE CHOLERA.

MANSION-lIOUSE RELIEF COMMITTEE.

Yesterday at a. meeting of the Working Com-
mittee held at the Mansion-house, a resolution was
unanimously passed, on the motion of the Lord
Mayor, to the effect that, in furtherance to the
conference recently held between them and the com-
mittee of the Bishop of London's Cholera Fund, at
which it was agreed without a dissentent voice that
a part of the funds of each committee be set aside
for immediate distribution among cholara conva-
lescent patients, the Mansion-house Committee
apply a sum of not less than £2,000 for that purpose,
and a copy of their resolution be forwrrdcd to the
Bishop of London. The committee also passed a
unanimous resolution, and on the motion of the Lord
Mayor, in substance, that, in their opinion, it would
be undesirable for them to select any public institu-
tion, or to take upon themselves any responsibility
in reference to the placing of orphans, but that the
amount (15,000) previously resolved to be devoted
by them to that purpose be divided among the
various local committees, and that these local com-
mittees should be empowered to select the orphan
children, and to arrange for their maintenance, sub-
ject to the approval of the Mansion-house Com-
mittee. There were present at the meeting yester-
day, besides the Lord Mayor, Sir Mordaunt Wells,
Mr. John Abel Smith, M.P., Mr. Charles Hutton,
Mr. H. W. Ripley, Mr. Richard Hoare, Mr. R. B.
Wade, Mr. W. J. Maxwell, and Mr. R. N. Fowler.
The Lord Mayor took occasion to say that those
resolutions having been adopted, and the informa-
tion they had received from various quarters lead-
ing them to believe that the disease was materially
subsiding, they would forthwith hold a conference
with the local committees, to whom they were all
deeply indebted for their cheerful and valuable so-
who had done the work
oapsseirgantediontnin
them
emergency, cy,
well,
in whom they had im-
plicit confidence, as to the disbursement of the
money which the Mansion-house Committee had set
aside both for the benefit of convalescents and for
the maintenance of children made orphans by the
epidemic. The whole committee signified their ap-
proval of the course suggested by the Lord Mayor
in those respects.

Touching the disposal of the many children made
orphans by the disease, Mr. Ernest Hart, who took
so conspicuous a part in bringing about the recent
inquiry into the condition of the sick poor in the
metropolitan workhouses, has addressed a letter to
the Lord Mayor describing the provision made for
the 18,000 children committed to the charge of
the Administration Generale de l'Assistance Pub-
lique of France and placed under the care of
nurses and protectors in the country. All
the children, he says, admitted to the asylum are
immediately sent into the country, unless they are
subject to some affection which requires special care,
or their state of weakness or disease does not allow
them to travel. The placing children of one and two
years of age is carried out with facility, and under
conditions which are considered to be satisfactory.
Some difficulty is found in providing guardians for
those of ages between six and 12. This is because
only six francs a month are allowed for them, which
is far from representing the cost of keep and cloth-
ing which they entail. This is for the department of
the Seine. Others allow more. The Seine et Oise
pay 12f. a month for children from 6 to 7 years old,
and 12f. for children from 8 to 12 years, and so on.
It is proposed, he says, to offer a higher tariff within
the department of the Seine for these children. The
present effect of the very low rates paid in the latter
is said to be that those who take charge of them seek
to employ them in the care of cattle, or other occu-
pations, causing them to neglect attendance at school,
which is, however, obligatory. In 1864, of 7,628
children from 6 to 8 years of age, who ought to have
attended the schools, 6,518 were in regular attend-
ance, being 85 per cent. ; and, of 2,586 children from
10 to 12 years of age who ought to have attended
religious instruction, 2,003 were in attendance, being
77.45 per cent. The medical service is so organised
that the guardians (nourriciers) have always at a
little distance from their home a doctor to whom re-
course may be bad. It is thought, however, that
country persons of the class employed are not suffi-
ciently disposed to call in early the services of the
physician, and this carelessness is considered to be
a cause of a great part of the rather large mor-
tality of the children in the country. It is com-
bated as much as possible. The medical officers in-
dicate to the administration when a child requires
to be removed to an hospital asylum or to be sent
to the seaside. When a child has been preserved
from all accidents from its birth up to the age of
12 its guardian is entitled to a reward of 50f.
In 1864 this was paid for 317 children (equal to
15,850 f.) Every person taking charge of a child aged
12 years, and undertaking to support and teach him

a trade, is also entitled to a sum of 50f. This was
paid in 1864 for 813 children (40,650 f.) A cer-
tain number of the guardians had consented to sur-
render the rewards or apprentice fees to which they
were entitled, and these sums, placed to the credit
of the respective children, have furnished a valuable
resource for them when ceasing to be under the
guardianship of the administration. In December,
1864, 4,861 pupils had to their credit a capital of
304,654 f. 27c. A sum of 14,863 f. 25c. provided by
the liberality of charitable persons was also distri-
buted in 1864 as rewards, apprenticeship fees, or
marriage portions to deserving young persons. Very
few of the wards of the administration had caused
trouble by serious misconduct. In 1864, out of a
population of 10,000 young people from 10 to 21
years of age, only 24 were the objects of judicial in-
quiries, and then for acts of slight importance.
Sixty-eight persons under 21 years of age demanded
permission to marry. After 21 no consent is neces-
sary. Mr. Hart adds that those who have discussed
the question of orphanages, as contrasted with the
plan of placing children in country cottages, have
done so without any other than either a theoretical
opinion or very limited experience of two or three
cases only in which children have been so disposed
in cottages. The experiment is carried out success-
fully and on a very large scale indeed in France, and
as no reference had hitherto been made to this fact
he had thought it desirable to give some of the
figures illustrating the operation of the French plan.
Before separating yesterday the committee made

grants to local committees to the amount in all of
£250 towards the relief of the distress, £lOO of
which they appropriated to Bow and Bromley. They
received in the course of the day a welcome present
of a cask containing 27 gallons of port wine from
Mr. James Park, of Ball-court, Giltspur-street, for
distribution among the sick and convalescent. A
few days ago Mr. Henry Sprague, of Martin's-lane,
Cannon-street, presented them with five jars of port
for the same benevolent purpose.
A check for £775., sent to the Lord Mayor towards
the fund,was, by a slight clerical error, stated to be
the donation of Mr. Cuthbert Borradaile alone, in-
stead of that of Messrs. Dean, the proprietors, and
Mr. Borradaile, the editor, of " Debrett's illus-
trated Peerage," &c., Mr. Borradaile, in making
the emendation, writes :

" Will you allow me to add s word or two as to my expe-
rience—mentioned in Tuesday's papers—of the cholera
districts in the east ? Could any one have imagined such
a case as I saw last Sunday—an idiot boy of 10 years old,
both of his parents dead from cholera, seven deaths in the
house of his step-father, who had been left with two other
step-children and one child of his own, and a grandmother
standing by the child's bedside, who has openly announced
her intention of exhibiting the boy,on his leaving the house
as an idiot, cured of the worst form of cholera ?' I could
mention several cases as sad as this, but hardly sorevolting.
Two children in Limehouse, under 10 years of age, both of
whose parents have died of cholera—children marked in the
chaplain's list as of 'superior' birth and position ; two other
children whoso widowed mother before she fell a victim to
the disease supported seven orphan children in comfort ;'
but I will not intrude further on your space, except to
commend to your notice the propriety of directing atten-'
tion to specialcases such as I have mentioned. Forinstance,
could not the idiot boy I have spoken of be got into an
asylum ?"

THE BISHOP OF LONDON AND TIIE CHOLERA

DISTRICTS.

On Monday last the Bishop of London and Mrs.
Tait visited St. James's, Ratcliff, one of the poorest
districts in the east of London, where the cholera
has been very prevalent and fatal. His lordship
was received at the parsonage by the incumbent and
the members of the Local Relief Committee, and
proceeded to the church, which was crowded with
poor people, very many of whom had suffered from
cholera, either personally or in their families. Litany
was said by the Rev. R. IL Atherton, the incum-
beat, after which the bishop preached a most im-
pressive sermon. He then went into the large school
room adjoining, which wasfull of poor, some of them
convalescts, scarcely able to stand, and nearly all
in want of food. The bishop having addressed them
in words of kindness and encouragement, pronounced
the benediction, after which Mrs. Tait superintended
the distribution of loaves to the poor. His lordship

then visited the Mission Home, where sisters from
St. Peter's Home, Brompton, and from St. George's
Mission have been staying since the outbreak of
cholera, and who have been, humanly speaking, in-
strumental in saving many lives. The bishop evinced
great interest in their work, and offered up prayer
for its success. Some clothes were afterwards given
to the children of the ragged schools, who heartily
cheered those who had cared for them.

The help so promptly given by the Bishop's and
the Mansion-house Committees has powerfully aided
in checking the progress of cholera, but the local
committee and others who are best acquainted with
the wants of the people fear that, as the cholera is
still among us, it will break out again if further help
should be withheld. The incumbent is so convinced
of the value of the services rendered by the sisters
that he is anxious to establish a permanent Mission
Home in his parish.

The following is the daily return of deaths from
cholera and diarrhoea in London, registered on Sun
day and Monday, Sept. 2 and 3 :
Cholera.

Diarrhow,.

West districts
North districts
Central districts..
East districts
South districts

... 12

... 15

Total •.• .. 30 ... 34
The returns for the sub-districts of Camden-town
(Pancras) and Waterloo first part (Lambeth) were
not received in time for publication.

Bow AND BROMLEY SUB-DISTRICT.—Return of
deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in this sub-dis•
trict—For the week ending July 28, 144 ; Aug. 4
105 ; Aug. 11, 62 ; Aug. 18, 26 ; Aug. 25, 16
Sept. 1, 8.

We see from the lists that one Alexander T.
Stewart, dry-goods person, we believe, returns an income
of $814,200 a year, the greatest in America. If Mr. Stewart
is not the mere representative of a company, it is also, in
all probability, the largest business income in the world.
It is extremely improbable, if we except the Rothschilds,
whose wealth is rather that of a family than of an indi-
vidual, that any uncrowned person has an income ap-
proaching Mr. Stewart's. If such a one exists, it must be
among the South American States, where there are still
one or two families surpassing those of Europe. Tho
largest realised income in America is Mr. Astor's, returned,
we believe, at more than £BO,OOO a year, a sum below the
English highest level, but considerably above the boundary
line between the rich and the millionaires, namely, £50,000
a year from realised property. Till recently thoro wero
certainly not one thousand such millionaires in the world,
but with the rise in rents and prices tho number must
have considerably increased.—Spectator.
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