The Sun.
London, England, 1832-10-19 00:00:00

MEMORANDUM.

...
The commission of Deputy Commissary-General M. D.
O'Meara has been cancelled from the 4th instant, inclusive, he
having accepted a commuted allowance for his half-pay.

DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY.

WILLIAM THOMAS, THOMAS THOMAS, and ISAAC
THOMAS, Narrow-street, Ratcliff, ship-owners.

BANKRUPTS.

JOHN MAYCOCK COLLINS, Knightsbridge, livery-stable-
keeper, to surrender Nov. 2, and 3, at two, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Drew, Bermondsey-street; Lackington, Basing.
hall.street.

BENJAMIN POWIS, St. Helen's-place, merchant, Oct. 26,
at two, and Nov. 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Green, King's Arms-yard, official assignee; Kearsey and
Hughes, Lothbury.
WILLIAM GE LD A RD. Denmark-street, Soho, currier, Oct.
26, and Nov. 10, at ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Vincent,
Bedford-street, Bedford-square.
WILLIAM HULME, Manchester, draper, Nov. 5,6, and
31, at two, at the Star Inn, Manchester. Johnson and Weather-
all. Temple, London; Booth and Harrison, Manchester
JOHN WILSON HODGSON, Wigton, Cumberland, com-
mon-brewer, Oct. 26, and Nov. 30, at elevon, at the King's
Arms Inn, Wigton. Addison, Verulam-building6, Gray's Inn,
London • Lightfoot, Wigton.
WILLIAM WATSON MARSH, 0 x ford-street, bookseller,
Nov. 2, and 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Lane,
Argyle-street ; Clark. St. Swithin's-lane, official assignee.
JOHN C HANNON, Piccadilly, dealer, Oct. 30, at one, and
Nov. 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Hensman,
Queen-street-place, Upper Thames-street; Turquand, Copthall-
buildings, official assignee.
JOHN LYON, jun., Salford Lancashire, malt-dealer, Nov.
12, 14, and 29, at two, at the Spread Eagle Inn, Manchester.—
Adlington, Gregory, and Faulkner, Bedford-row, London ; Law,
Manchester.

PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. A. Fletcher and Wm. Neville, surgeons.
B. and H. Joseph, Bristol, jewellers.

T. Shade and H.R.I Martin, High.street, Shadwell, tobacco.
manufacturers.

H. Shuttleworth and W. Wartnaby, jun. Market-Harborough
attorneys.
W. Wright and H. Gamble, Grenville.street, Brunswick.
square, surgeons.
J. Webb and J. Sanderson, Manchester, screw-bolt-makers.

. .
G. and W. Royston, and J. Slack, Manchester, smallware-ma.
nufacturers.

R. and J. Seaton, Merthyrtidvil, tea-dealers.

J. and S. S. Cory, Dorset, Surgeons.
H. and S. Rawson, Manchester, hosiers.
M. Simms and S. Powell, Bath, silk-mercers.

G. Stonier and G. Haymiood, Derby, brass.tounders.
J. Podger and G. Watmough, Jew's Harp. Wharf, Regent's-
Park. Basin, coal merchant.
J. Wiley and W. Hughes, Bristol, cabinet-makers.

THE COTTON MANUFACTURE.

It is supposed that in Europe cotton cloth
was first manufactured in the commercial states
of Italy. By others, it is said, that the first at-
tempts to manufacture cotton goods were made
by the people of the Low Countries. But the
latter is doubted by several writers, who suppose
that from Italy it made its way into the Nether-
lands, and that it was brought from thence to
this country by Protestant refugees, about the end
of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth

century.
The spindle and distaff are said to have been
introduced into this country only in the reign of
Henry VIII., but were soon laid aside upon the
invention of the well-known machine called the
spinning-wheel, which, in a commercial point of
view, was no great improvement ; but for many
years it continued the only machine used for the
sopfintni of
the last
last cotton
century,
ibooeu the me
of et
ase ofi d
tdhle
e
manufacture of cotton goods increased the de-
mand for yarn, insomuch, that a pause would
naturally have ensued, and beyond which there
could have been no advance, but with the slow
and gradual increase of population ; but as the
demand for goods increased, various contrivances
were attempted for expediting the process of
spinning ; and several men of genius directed
their attention to it, but all with equal want of
success, until the invention of the spinning-
jenny, in 1767, by James Hargreaves. The
form of this machine, and the incident that sug-
gested the first idia of it to his mind, have already
been mentioned. Its invention gave a new im-
pulse to the cotton manufacture, by increasing
the produce of yarn, and with it the demand for
cotton goods. Cylinder cards were invented
some time previous to the invention of the
jenny, and prepared the cotton for it, by which
the progress of the manufacture was greatly fa-
cilitated. It seems uncertain who was the in-
ventor of the cylinder cards ; but it is known
that the father of the late Sir Robert Peel erected
one at Blackburn, with the assistance of Har-
greaves, as early as the year 1762. Hargreaves
is also said to have been the first who employed
the stock card, used in the woollen trade, in
the carding of cotton. But this ingenious man
was not allowed to reap the fruits of his own
inventions in peace ; for the popular prejudice
being raised against him—as the people who had
hitherto earned their subsistence by hand-spin-
ning conceived that the spinning-machine in-
vented by him would cause their ruin.

Works for laying down an ron irailroad from
Bourg to Lyons have just been commenced.