The Sun.
London, England, 1859-09-28 00:00:00

of labour of a higher class, and which
must be better paid and fed. The man competent
to work and take charge of a costly engine will
not graze or browze on seven shillings a week, nor
even eat as a vegetarian what the magnificent in-
come of eleven or twelve shillings a week will pur-
chase. He shares the intelligence and the know-
ledge of his master, and he will demand to share
his master's food if not his master's dainties. The
very character of the rural artisans will be altered ;
the village blacksmith will become a skilled en-
gineer, competent to repair on the spot ingenious
movements, valves, shafts, and apparatus of all
kinds, and the carpenter will have to adapt him-
self too to the change. We may sigh over our
Arcadias and our rural innocence, but those we
poetically deem so innocent will prefer the unpoetic
. , solid dinner to all the gnileless beauties of potatoes

and porridge.
And, then, some of these landlOnis tell us,
farmers must profit by the change too. But
thereby hangs a sad tale—penniless farmers who
now drag on as tenants-at-will must lose their
little holdings—landlords must surrender, their
command of a tenant's vote—and a man of capital
enough to take a long lease, and to make the land
a profitable investment must amalgamate several
of the farms which maintained, once, each its
independent yeoman—independent of all but his
landlord, to pay whom he had to thresh his whole
crop at Michaelmas. A sad story that. What is
the little yeoman to do ? Canada or Illinois, hardly
the distant lands of Australia and New Zealand are
his hope—his only hope. He is the very man for
them, and they for him. There he can soon be
his own landlord, and not in the interim fare much
harder than he did at home. There he can
soon not only be master of his land but master of
his vote also, even without the protection of the
ballot ; and can still, if he please, call VICTORIA his
Queen. Meantime the man of capital who follows
him employs twice or three times as much labour
on the farm. Draining, fencing, marling, cluing,
deep ploughing, a large supply of stock, all demand
more of that help which his predecessor was too poor
to purchase. More live, and live better, on the soil ;
more is produced of every kind, and the whole com-
munity gains. But, for this change of a poor for a
wealthy tenant, one speaker, himself a landlord and
farmer, tells us. that the landlord must give the tenant
full security ; that is, he must have a lease, which
will protect, to him, the profits of his outlay. In-
deed, to make the highest improvements, he must
have a kind of leasehold estate, in which the first
cost of expensive improvements and additions shall
leave but a small proportion to the time of holding.
Perhaps, as noteworthy a fact as any, in the opinion
of a large number of persons, will be, that a once Pro-
tectionist landlord, and minty member should be
found, not merely silent about Protection, but con-
demning the vote he had given, with good inten-
tions, for the corn-laws in 1815, as a vote for a law
which had produced an incalculable amount of in-
jury to the agriculturists ; and speaks of the period
since the repeal of the corn-laws as the most satis-
factory ever known for farmers ! ! Such, however,
was the frank statement of Mr. HARCOURT, the
member for Oxfordshire ; and such, when party
feeling is forgotten, is now the opinion of every
Whig and Tory who fought so hard for a tax on
our bread.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
arrived at AVilt.on House, on a visit to the Right Hon. Ski-
ney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs. Herbert.
_ _

His Highness Prince Wasiltchicoff has left
Maurigy's Hotel for Brodick Castle, N. 8., on a visit to the
Duke of Hamilton.

Their Highnesses the Prince and Princess You-
soukoff have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris.

His Excellency Prince Doria Pamphili and his
son, Prince Gianetto, have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris.
The Duke of Newcastle returned to his seat,
Clumbcr Park, on Monday evening.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter and Lady
➢fary Cecil, who were expected in town this week from
Germany, have delayed their return home for a few days.
The noble marquis and marchioness are ROW expected to
reach Burghley House the second week in next month.
The Earl and Countess of Clarendon and Lady
Constance Villiers have left the Grove, near Watford, to
join the party visiting the Right Hon. Sidney and Mrs.
Herbert at Wilton House, near Salisbury.

The Earl and Countess of Ripon left their villa
at Putney-heath yesterday, to visit the Right Hon. Sidney
and Mrs. Herbert, at Wilton House.

The marriage of Colonel the Hon. James Mac-
donald with the Hon. Miss Blake, daughter of Lord and
Lady Wallscourt, was solemnised on Monday, in the pre-
sence of a select circle of friends, at the parish church of
Hampton Court.

The marriage of the Hon. Miss Campbell,
youngest daughter of the Lord Chancellor and the Baroness
Stratheden, with Mr. Duckworth, of Orchardleigh Park,
Hampshire, will be celebrated on Tuesday, the 4th proximo.

Lord John Russell left London yesterday for
Edinburgh.

Lady Katherine Valletort and her infant daughter,
by accounts received in town yesterday from Brockett Hall,
are progressing favourably.
Count Blucher has arrived at Prussia House from
the Continent.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer returned on
Monday evening to Penmaenmaur, Conway.

The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., left town
on Monday evening for Wilton House, where he is enter-
taining a large party of distinguished friends.

The Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson left London
yesterday for Southampton.

Sir G. Cornewall Lewis left town yesterday for
Balmoral.

Sir George Grey, ex-Governor of the Cape of
Good Hope, and Lady Grey, have arrived at Howehin's
Hotel.

Mr. Roundell Palmer and Lady Laura Palmer
have left the Oatlands Park Hotel for Suffolk.

Major-Gen. Angerstein has arrived at Maurigy's
Hotel from Everton Hall, near Brandon, Norfolk.

Mr. Joseph Locke, M.P., and Mrs. Locke have
arrived at the Oatlands Hotel.

Colcnel Franklin has left Howchin's Hotel on a
visit to Sir Samuel Cunard, at his seat Bush-hill Park.

The King of Wurtemburg yesterday attained his
79th year.

" Prince Napoleon," says the Nonvelliste Vaudois,
" has purchased for 720,000 fr. a fine estate called the Bcr-
genie, situated on the banks of the Lake of Geneva."
The Sardinian Government continues its severity
against the press of Savoy. The Bon Sens of Annecy of
the 23d has been seized, the editor having been apparently
forced to take out the objectionable matter, as that number
arrives with five columns in blank.
THE ISLAND OF SAN JUAN.—Colonel J. S. Haw-
kins, Royal Engineers, chief commissioner of the Oregon
Boundary Survey Expedition, arrived in London yesterday
from Vancouver's Island, in the capacity of special envoy
from Governor Douglas to the Home Government, in con-
sequence of the recent occupation by the United States
troops of the Island of San Juan, in the Straits of San Juan
de Fuca. The gallant colonel transacted business yester-
day at the Foreign-office.
THE SAN JUAN DIFFICULTY.—We have reason
to believe that General Harney, the commander of the
United States' forces in Oregon, took the step of placing
a military post on the Island of San Juan on his own re-
sponsibility, and without instructions from the Federal
Government at Washington. He has declared to the
British authorities that he did so because American citizens
had been arrested on the island, but that he did not mean
his occupation to be permanent, though it was his intention
to hold the island until he heard from his Government at
Washington.
TILE COMMAND IN CIIIN.A.—An army of 10,000
men will be sent from India, the selection of which is to Le
left to the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief ; and
of this force, which might well he increased one-half,
Major-General Sir Hope Grant, K.C.8., will have the com-
mand, than which a better selection could not be madd. Ii
the troops are selected with as much judgment as the
general there will be little indeed to object to.—Hemeictud

We understand that Major-General Sir Hope
Grant is to have the command of the expeditionary force to
China. No troops will be despatched from England, but
a force of 10,000 men is to be sent from India, the selection
of which will be left to the Governor-General and the Com-
mander-in-Chief. —Overland Mail.
THE WINDSOR RAFFAELLE DRAWINGS.—Photo
graphs of the original drawings by Raffaelle in the Royal
Library at Windsor, have been recently taken at the ex-
pense of the Prince Consort, and the negatives presented to
the Science and Art Department of the Committee of Coun-
cil on Education, from which impressions will be supplied
to Schools of Art and the public generally at the cost of
paper and printing.