The Sun.
London, England, 1859-10-07 00:00:00

TUSCANY.

A letter from Florence, dated Oct. 1, says,—The
Italian cause has made what may seem, even to the
soberest-minded people, a considerable step. The
Tuscan Government, by a proclamation dated Sept.
29, announces that " King Victor Emmanuel ac-
cepted (accolse, received) the free deed of allegiance
of the Tuscan. Modenese, Parmesan, and Romagneso
people, and declared that the first act of his sove-
reignty would be to make good those rights he held
from the people."

A meeting to.ik place the other day on the sum-
mit of the Apennines which part Bologna from Flo•
rence, at an inn between Scaricalasino and Lojano,
between the three dictators, Farini, Cipriani, and
Ricasoli, in which the measures now before us were
proposed, discussed, and unanimously agreed upon.
You know that Farini has for the last three or four
weeks placed Parma and Modena in the very posi-
tion in which Tuscany is now, since the publication
of yesterday's decrees. He has breathed his own
brave spirit into the hearts of his two confederates,
and henceforth the four united provinces are com-
m-

tted to the same policy, and bound to follow one
common destiny.
Whatever may be the real ultimate fate of these
Central Italian provinces, there is no doubt but a
commercial and monetary league will be established
between them. In the worst events Italy will be
united in a confederacy, as we see the German Zoll-
verein making one country of the whole Bund with-
out interfering with the individual sovereign rights
of its 36 Princes, or influencing the good er bad
policy of their internal Gouernments. Here, how-
ever, it is almost high treason to express any
misgiving as to the actual fusion or union
of the " Great and strong Italian kingdom." Any
step, however short and timid, taken by the
Governments towards annexation gives rise to the
most buoyant hope and the wildest exultation. It
was market-day yesterday (Friday) at Florence,
the union flag of Italy was hoisted on the tower of
the Palazzo 'Vecchio, the square was full of country
people, and the mass of the peasants were as frantic
with joy as the warmest patriots could wish to see
them—frantic with joy at the idea that their exist-
ence as Tuscans was at an end, and that their
branch had merged into the common stock of the
great Italian family—that Tuscany had given up
her autononaia, or separate existence, only to become
Part of a State, or nation, to which a sufficient
strength would insure the blessings of a really in-
dependent, free, and eternally united self-govern-
ment.

,The moral effect of these measures, in short, is
infinitely greater than their real worth as political
acts. It is a case of " better late than never," and
the Tuscans are grateful for what they have re-
ceived. They give their rulers credit for that very
indecision which characterised their policy hitherto,
and which they look upon as caution and discretion.
Men who have so long wavered and temporised,
they think, would not now be so resolute and free
did they not know how far they may venture with
safety. They fancy their new boldness, which no
new incidents or opportunity seems indeed to
justify, must arise from some hint this Government

has received from Turin or Biarritz. The article in
the 111oniteur•, for the tenth time disclaiming
all views of dynastic aggrandisement in Italy on
the part of France, is supposed to have been fol-
lowed by some secret instructions to the Cabinets of
Turin, Modena, Bologna, and Florence to be " up
and doing." There are men here whose faith in
the Emperor Napoleon would move mountains.
They do not care to settle to their own satisfaction
the question that if the Emperor is true to them,
then must he break his most sacred promises to
Rome and Austria; and that if he sets no store by
his words to Austria and Rome, any reliance on his
engagements to themselves is no better prop than
a broken reed. That he has been tricking, and
must ultimately swindle somebody, they are willing
enough to acknowledge, only they have a sanguine
assurance that they, at any rate, will not be the
duped party ; nay, that the Emperor will maintain
so much less than he promised to their adversaries
in order to fulfil so much more than he promised
to them, or, indeed, to fulfil what he never pro-
mised to them—to fulfil the very contrary of what
he promised to them, as, in sober truth, he has
always expressed himself to the effect that the an-
nexation scheme was " an impossibility."
Private letters from Turin inform me that a long
despatch in cipher from the Emperor to the King
reached Turin on the 24th, and was answered by
the King from Monza. It is possible that the new
energies displayed both by the King's Ministers
and by the provisional rulers of Central Italy may
be the result of some encouraging words from
Biarritz ; for, if we are to believe the lifoniteur,
and if Napoleon 111. truly renounces the scheme
of an Etrurian kingdom for Prince Jerome
(whether or not such a scheme ever entered into his
views), there certainly ought to be no reason why
he should not rather wish to see these provinces
united to Piedmont than brought back to Austrian
allegiance by the restoration of the exiled Princes.
General Fanti published his first order of the day
on the 24th ult.,and Garibaldi, under whose standard
flock the youth of Romagna in large masses, has
opened a subscription for the purchase of small
arms, the list bearing the name of the hero himself
at its head. Central Italy will soon suffer from no
lack of volunteer soldiers. Fanti has decreed that
20,000 men shall be the contingent of Romagna, and
it is to be hoped that public munificence will aid
the Government to bear the expence of their main-
tenance. The Tuscan armament alone, lam told,
costs this country 15,000 dollars per day, something
like £lOO,OOO sterling monthly, although the s-N hole
Tuscan force, I believe, does not exceed 20,000 men.
On the other hand, we hear that the Duke of Mo•
dena's force amounts now to 17,000 men, and that
the Grand Duke of Tuscany had scraped together
5,000 or 6,000 combatants. The actual numbers of
the Papal army no man can ascertain, as the gar-
risons of Pesaro and Perugia are a kind of Dan-
aides' sieve, where as many men are lost by deser-

tion as are daily brought in by very lavish recruit-
ment. There is no doubt, however, that Austria
is straining every nerve to supply the Pope and
the Dukes with as many men as she can spare, and
it is likely enough that she will not be very strict

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equipment and other warlike ma •"..._,_4-:*
of those dethroned princes is hero 11E*4-: .... ,z%s.,
she be debarred from any possibility citaxeatilingS
them by direct intervention, she will certainly give
them all the help she can afford underhand. The
whole question resolves itself into the consent she
may or may not obtain from France to these data-
destine mancelivres; though, so far as the Papal
Stat. . ,erne.6, A. ,iii inclined to think that
France herself must have winked at the enlistment
of the Swiss runaways from Naples both at Rome
itself and at Marseilles. It behoves the Italians, at
any rate, to be ready for any attack from their late
Sovereigns, whether they come at the head of a
native or a foreign soldiery. A defeat they might
suffer from the Papalini or Duchisti, no matter
whether Italians, or disguised Swiss, or Croatians,
might lose them the sympathy of Europe past all
recovery,

A letter from Mazzini, addressed to Victor Em-
manuel, privately printed, but freely circulated at
Florence, is now before me. It bears date the
16th of September, and seems to confirm the rumour
that Mazzini was here at some time or other. In
this letter Mazzini emboldens the King of Sardinia
to seize on the whole of Italy and make it one king-
dom from the Alps to the sea ; bidding defiance to
France, Austria, and as many European Powers as
might date to say aught against it. He promises
the King the support of " us " all—that is, of the
whole of his own Republican party, though for
himself he expresses his readiness to go back into
the land of exile, being too far committed to his
party and too strongly wedded to his democratic
convictions to live under the sceptre of even the
most liberal and national King. Such is, however,
not the language Mazzini held in 1831 to Victor
Emmanuel's father, for in his letter " to Charles_
Albert of Savoy," Mazzini showed no repugnance to
flght under a King's standard provided only the
King should wage war against Austria.

lIANIFESTO OF THE PAPAL UOVERXMEXT

The following is the text of the Allocution of the
Pope, delivered at the Consistory of the 26th ult. :

Venerable Brethren—ln the address which we de-

livered to you in June last, with our heart overcome
by grief, we deplored all that had been done by th©
enemies of the Holy See at Bologna, Ravenna, and
elsewhere, against the civil sovereignty whim legi-
timately belongs to us and to this Holy See.
We moreover declared at the same time that they
had all incurred the ecclesiastical censures and
penalties enacted by the sacred canons, and we de-
creed that all their acts were null and void.
We indulged in the hope, however, that those
rebellious sons, moved and affected by our words,
would have returned to their duty; they all know
the kindness which we have always displayed
since the commencement of our Pontificate, and
with what love and zeal, in the midst of the serious •
difficulties of the present times, we have always -
directed all our care and all our thoights to secure
the prosperity, and the tranquillity of our people,
both as regards their temporal and spiritual inte-
rests. Supported by counsels, by instigations, and
kby assistance from abroad, and feeling their auda-
city strengthened by that circumstance, they have
not hesitated at any attempt ; and, carrying dis-
turbance into all the iEmilian (1) provinces sub-
ject to our Pontifical power, they have withdrawn
them from our sovereignty, and from that of this
Holy See.

The standard of defection and rebellion having
been raised in those provinces, and the Pontifical
Government being therein overthrown, there were
at first established dictators of the sub-Alpine
kingdom, who afterwards took the. name of com-
missioners extraordinary, and then that of
governors-general. Audaciously arrogating to
themselves the rights of our supreme power, they
dismissed from public functions those persons whose
well-known fidelity towards their legitimate prince
made them regarded as incapable of joining in per-
verse designs. These men have not even feared to
usurp the ecclesiastical power by subjecting the
hospitals, the orphan establishments, and other in-
stitutions of that kind, to new laws. They have
gone so far as to ill-treat the members of the clergy
by sending them into exile or throwing them into
prison. In their declared hatred against the Apos-
tolic See they called together on the Gth of this
month, at Bologna, an assemblage which they
styled the National Assembly of the people of
'Emilia, and there promulgated a decree full of
lying pretexts and accusations, by which, falsely
alleging the unanimity of the people, they
declared in contempt of the rights of the
Roman Church, that they would no longer
be subjected to the Pontifical Government.
On the following day they made a fresh declara-
tion, as is now the custom, that those provinces
wished to be annexed to the domain and kingdom
of the King of Sardinia.
In the midst of those deplorable attacks, the
chiefs of tho party incessantly labour by all the
means at their disposal to corrupt the habits of the
people, particularly by distributing books and
Journals, printed either at Bologna or elsewhere,
and in which they encourage every kind of licen-
tiousness ; insult the person of the Vicar of Jesus
Christ ; mock the practice of religion and of
Christian piety ; and turn into ridicule the prayers
commonly offered up to the moss Holy and Imma-
culate Virgin Mary, Mother of God, either to do
her honour or implore her powerful protection.
Even in theatrical representations there is no re-
spect for public honesty, modesty, or virtue; and
the persons devoted to God are held up to derision
and to contempt.
This is what is done by men who call themselves
Catholics and who declare that they are full of re-
spect and veneration for the supreme spiritual
power and authority of the Roman Pontiff. Every-
body sees how deceitful such a declaration must be,
for the authors of these acts conspire with all those
persons who wage relentless war on the Roman
Pontiff and on the Catholic Church, and who spare
no effort to root out and extirpate from all hearts,
if that were possible, our divine religion and its
salutary teaching.
This is why you particularly, Venerable Brethren,
who participate in our labours, and share our pain,
easily understand in what affliction we are plunged,
and what sorrow and indignation we feel in com-
mon with you and all well-intentioned persons.
In the midst of such great bitterness of heart,
what consoles us is that the great majority of the
populations of the provinces of 'Emilia detect these
culpable enterprises, and stand aloof from them
with horror, preserving their fidelity to the legiti-
mate prince, and manifesting firm attachment to
our civil authority and to that of the Holy See ;
also, that the clergy of the same provinces, worthy
of the highest eulogium, have nothing so much at
heart amidst these troubles and agitations as scru-
pulously to discharge their duties, and to show in
a striking manner their firm faith and the respect
with which they are animated towards us and the
Apostolic See, by braving and despising all perils.
And now, since we are bound by the gravest of
our duties and by a solemn oath to support un-
flinchingly the cause of our most holy religion, to
protect firmly against violation the rights and pos-
sessions of the Roman Church, to defend our civil
authority and that of this Apostolic See, and to
transmit it intact to our successors as the patri-
mony of St. Peter, we cannot refrain from raising
our apostolic voice, in order that all the Catholic
universe, and particularly all our venerable brethren,
the bishops—from whom we have received, in the
midst of the bitterest sorrows, to the great joy of
our heart, so many remarkable and illustrious tes-
timonies of faith and love, and of attachment to us,
Peter
—may ynSeke,noawndwtithhe patrimony
what
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v e blesseddisap-
prove
everything
ourpt
Pontifical
hl
piscroloi:eirtnhe
cie se men have dared
! o accomplishotf to our
the provinces of 'Emilia, sub-
jectedT hat is why we entirely reprove, and declare
null and of no effect, all the acts of which we have
spoken in this august assembly, and all the acts
encroaching on the power, ecclesiastical immuni-
ties, our civil sovereignty, and that of this Holy
See, principality, power, and jurisdiction—what-
ever may be the name given to these acts.
No one is ignorant that all those persons who,
in the provinces above named, have given their
support, counsels, or assent to the acts which we
blame, or have in any way promoted the accom-
plishment of them, have incurred the ecclesiastical
penalties and censures which we alluded to in our
allocution mentioned above.
And now, venerable brethren, let us throw our-
selves with confidence at the foot of the throne of
grace, in order to obtain from Divine assistance the
consolation and the strength necessary in the
midst of such great adversities. Let us not cease to
address to God, who is rich in mercy, fervent and
humble prayers, in order that by his all-powerful
virtue he may bring back the guilty, some of whom,
perhaps, know not what they do, to better thoughts,
and to the paths of justice, religion, and salvation.

(1) The provinces of Romagna, now under the Papal
rule, were called /Emilia under the latter rule of tho
Romans.

c
MR. ROBERT STEPRENSONWe greatly regret
.
to learn that the report of Mr. Robert Stepbenson's con-
valescence is incorrect. He still continues m a very pre-
carious state, and although somewhat easier last evening,
the symptoms aro of a character to cause great anxiety to
his friends.—Times.