The Sun.
London, England, 1859-11-12 00:00:00

THE SOUTHERN OUTFALL DRAINAGE.

The I;;;;;dni.P;Oceeded furthi r to consider the
report from the engineer, submitting for approval,
plans and specifications of the southern outfall
sewer from Deptford Creek to Crossness Point,
and recommending that advertisements be issued
for tenders for the execution of the works. •
Mr. CIRPMAEL moved and Mr. CRELLIN se-
conded a motion,-that advertisements be issued as
suggested.
Mr. EcKETT considered it would be desirable to
divide this work into different portions so as to
facilitate its execution, and at the same time be
done more economically. If a work of £300,000
was to be taken in hand the number of competitors
must necessarily bo very limited, whereas if the
work was cut up into sections a very great number
of competitors might be found for it.
The ENGINEER, in answer to questions, said it
was his opinion the work should be•eiecuted in
one contract, for if it were divided it would be
necessary to make additional works for carrying
off the water, which he did not at present con-
template.
After some, discussion, the amendmentwas nega.-
lived by a majority of 23 to 9.
Mr. D'IFFANGER then moved • anOther amend-
ment :—" That. the subject be referred to the Main
Drainage Committee to consider whether it would
be desirable to divide the works into two or three
separate sections."
Mr. BENNETT seconded the amendment, and said
ho believed the Main Drainage Committee would
be the best body to which this question should be
referred.
The amendment was negatived by a majority of
23 to 11.

The original motion was then put and agreed to,
the tenders to be received on the 6th of January.

THE MIDDLE LEVEL MAIN SEWER.

A report was presented from the engineer, sub-
mitting for approval plans and specifications of the
Middle Levin. Sewer North, from Kensal- green , to the
Northern High ' Level Sewer, near Sir George
Duckett's Canal, and recommending that advertise-
inents be issued for tenders for the execution of the
works. •

Mr. CARPMAEL said he should move that this
plan should be referred to the Main Drainage Com-
mittee, to ascertain if it was desirable to divide the
contract into sections.

After a short discussion, the question was re-
ferred to the Main Drainage Committee.
Some uninteresting matters having been disposed
of, the board adjourned.

The Phcenix notices the great increase of railway.
traffic in passengers from Calcutta, owing to the native ho-
lidays. Ono day "no less than seven trains with passengers
started from Howrah, the first being one of 40 carriages and
two engines." All were crowded. Extra trains run,almost
daily. By the way, the third-class carriages seem to be too
much crammed, for, according to the Hurkaru, a person
was found dead in one the other day, and another was re-
moved to the Howrah Hospital held dead from suffocation.
It is believed (says the Hurkart4 ) that the deceased met
with death from suffocation in epnsequence of the over-
crowded state of the carriages,

It is very well to sit and see bouquets and birds
and scentbottles come out of a conjuror's bag, but
this a conjuror who tosses about the destinies of the
world. he has under his hand at this momenthalf-
a-dozen riots, leading to the pillage of half-a-dozen
Italian cities. He can bring them forth when he
likes ; he has only to will, and the demons of disorder
will fly abroad as busy as impsin a pantomime. It
is quite within his power to burn down Florence, or
to get up a civil battle in the streets of Bologna. This
requires no armed intervention. It requires nothing
but a series of " very urgent representations" in-
terposed upon every attempt to establish a regular
and permanent system of government. We are
far from thinking that the French Emperor is
not as anxious as the rest of mankind for the

peace and tranquillity of the country he has taken
under his patronage ; but he appears to us to un-
dertake a very serious responsibility when ho in-
terferes so imperiously as he has just done to pre-
vent Italy, from emerging from the disorganised
condition in which she now necessarily► is. It may
be a very subtle and a very clever. policy, but it is
dangerous. To drive the Italians in despair to
his own expedient he forbids them every other.
He has .stopped all the holes except one belt-
hole, and has put a net over that; or, like
a patient and determined groom' with an ob-
stinate horse, he tickles and twitches and perse-
cutes the animal, giving him no rest or, sleep
until he is tired out and submits. These 'are
plans that answer to catch rabbits and to tame
horses, but whether any similar tourse of proceed-
ing will answer to catch Tuscany and Modena, and.
to tame the Romagna, may not be so certain. If
diplomatic words have meaning to common ears,
Napoleon 111. cannot, come what may, march an
army into Ttaly unless to drive out an Austrian
army. Is it not to be feared that Italy, headed and
traversed in all her endeavours, may despair of meet-
ing the wishes of foreigners, and, fearing no longer
that Frenchmen or Austrians may come upon her
through the passages of the Alps, may look only to
the best means of consolidating her own internal
strength? If Napoleon 111. will not let her have
Victor Emmanuel or the Prince of Carignan, it is
not quite a certainty that she will be fatigued into
an assent to the return of the Austoian Grand
Dukes. She may possibly at last bethink her whe-
ther she has no man of the Washington stamp
among her sons, and she may turn her eyes upon
Garibaldi.

GENERAL REED.—The following paper is an ex-
tract of a letter from the Secretary of the Government of
India to the Adjutant-General of the army, dated Allaha-
bad, Nov. 17, 1858 :—" I am directed to acquaint you, for
the information of his Excellency the Commander-m-Chief
that the Governor-General is of opinion that the military
arrangements made by Major-General Reed, in the
Punjab, in concert with the civil authorities, during the
early period of the mutinies in the North-Western Pro-
vinces in 1857, well-merited the approbation which the offl-
cers received at the time from the late Commander-in-
Chief ; and that his lordship is fully satisfied that, from the
sth of July,when the decease of 11f:tor-General Sir H. Bar-
nard took place, to the 17th of that month, when ill-healt
Dolph
obliged Major-General Reed to quit the hen
ill
,
that officer, in assuming the command of the besieging force
and in directing its operatios, performed a service which
deserves the acknowledgmentns of Government."

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.

Sole Lessee Mr. William Cooke.

Every Nigfit the successful Drama, by Tom Taylor, Esq.,
entitled GARIBALDI, supported by Mr R. Phillips, Bel-
more, Raymond, Miss Kate Carson —Powerful Company—
Full stud of trained Steeds—Great Military Tableaux—
Scenes in the Circle by Ma.dlle. Marguerite, Signor Isacihi,
the wonderful Italian Equestrian, Miss Rosina and John
Henry Cooke—Clowns, Messrs. Croueste, Rowella, and the
Parisian Grotesques—terminating with an exceedingly droll
Ballet entitled LOVE'S VAGARIES.
Stage Manager. Mr. R. Phillips

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.—
EVERY EVENING.—The akuoc of Verdi's Opera of
MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con-
certs).
And a Grand Selection from Meyerbeer's new opera of
DINORAII.

Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George bison (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. 'P. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.
Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.
11.0 SA BONFIEUR'S celebrated PICTURE of the HORSE
FAIR is now added to the already magnificent Collection of
Paintings in the Canterbury Hall Fiue Arts Gallery. The
gallery is open from 0 am. till 12 p.m. Admission, Six-
pence.

THE WEATHER.—SuN OFFICE, NOVE3IBER 12.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
51—highest since noon yesterday.
41—lowest this morning and during the night.
48—this day at noon.

BAROMETE a-30.45.
WIND, South-Easterly; light, with fine weather,
Frost in the night.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 34m.—Afternoon, 2h. 52m,
To-Mortßow-Morning, 3h. 11m.—Afternoon, 3h. 31m.

6,4‘ id CO: P. I,
le'v
444. V P,./..V7
•
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THE SUN.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1859.

British Columbia, according to our latest adviees,
appears to be rapidly and resolutely advancing in
its grand onward and upward course of develops-
ment. This—in spite of the lawless seizure of San
Juan by the American soldiers under the orders of
General HARNEY, with the connivance, if not at the
actual instigation, of the Central Government at
Washington. According to these latest advices
from Vancouver, advices dating to the 27th of Sep-
tember inclusively—San Juan was being more and
more strongly fortified by the Yankee filibusters
for their own defence, and for the protection of the
intruding squatter population. Meanwhile, waiting
authorisation from home as to his precise line of
policy, with a view to their expulsion either by the
moral force of diplomacy or by the physical force
of war, his Excellency Governor DOUGLAS, we
learn, still continues to preside with all his wonted
vigilance and sagacity over the simultaneous
organisation of the whole of the now system of
Government placed there under his supreme and
responsible authority as her Britannic MAJESTY'S
representative. Colonel MOODY, Chief Commis-
sioner of Public Works and of Public Lands, is
still, of course, but at the merest opening of his
gigantic engineering labours. He is there, how-
ever, at the head of an efficient and gradually
increasing body of collaborateurs—men of practical
skill and scientific acquirements—men entering
upon the occupation of a fruitful and virginal
wilderness, armed with all the rare and potent
appliances of modern civilisation. Never has the
organisation of a new colony, especially of a colony
of such magnitude and geographical importance,
been commenced so auspiciously. The pioneers there
of European progress enter upon their great labour
armed not simply with the axe and the theodolite,
but carrying with them the steam engine, both
stationary and locomotive—the chairs and sleepers
for the formation of a railway—the wires and bat-
teries for the laying down of the electric tele-
graph—photographic apparatus and all the va-
rious arms and implements familiar to the hands
of Englishmen in the prosecution of their labours in
art, science, and literature ! The printing-press—
the diving-bell and the balloon—the telescope and
the miscroscope—the laboratory of the chemist,
and the hammer and mallet of that latest of the
peripatetic philosophers, the geologist. The natu-
ralists connected with the new expeditionary force
sent forth into those primeval regions having all
their faculties on the alert for the recognition and
the classification of the flora and the fauna of those
remote and for the most part unpenetrated regions
of the great North American Continent ; the
botanists especially prepared for the arrangement
of a novel hortus siccus, Already, however, Bri-
tish Columbia is assuming to itself, if we may so
express it, a titular importance worthy of its
scope, its position, and its general character. his
Excellency,
the Governor of the new colony, in his
position as her Britannic MAJESTY'S representative,
is rapidly becoming surrounded by all the appro-
priate functionaries and officers of the Government.
Besides his prominent coadjutor, the Chief Corn-
missioner of Public Lands and Public Works, already
particularised, Colonel Moony, with his attendant
engineers—there are already clustering around
Governor DOUGLAS in his new Proconsulate or
Tetrarchy, the other Officers of the Crown duly ap-
pointed to assist him in carrying on the affairs of
administration. There is the Chief Justice of the
Colony (BEGBIE). There is the Attorney-General.
There are the subordinate law officers to aid them
in the conduct of the judicial or juridical depart-
ment. The Bishop of British Columbia is but just
now upon the eve of taking his departure from the
shores of the old mother-country to enter upon the
labours of his distant diocese with his little band of
assistant clergymen. And in the meanwhile the

- - _
capital of the new colony has been planned out.
under the name of New Westminster. The sites of I
other cities have been selected—streets and terraces,
squares and crescents are in some of these rising, if
not to tile sound of dulcet harmonies, like the
Palace of Pandemonium, almost as magically to
the harsher music of the saw and the mallet, to the
click of the trowel and the hammer, and other kin-
dred industrial notes of preparation. Roads are
being made through tile forest wastes and grassy
wildernesses—trailing sinuously among the
haunts of the wild beast and the Red Indian
aborigines the name and fame of honest INIAcA.D.vm.
Wherever wander the new colonists themselves,
there, too, following in their footsteps, come the
beneficent tatars from St. Martin's-le-Grand, the pos-
tal agents of penny-wise but not pound-foolishßow -
LAND HILL. British Columbia, in effect, is rising
even now into premature importance among our
larger colonies like a young giant fully armed. It
has its magnificent gold fields along the banks and
borders of Fraser River to begin. That, in truth, is
its raw material for a future Mint and for the in-
creasing replenishment of its embryo Exchequer.
Its metropolis has but very recently spread open to
the winds that blow one of the recognised banners
of civilisation, the broadsheet of an independent
newspaper. That organ of public opinion, if but
wisely emanated from the outset, may become an
enthralling record for after consultation, the record
from the very date of the birth of this new colony,
of the rise and development of the noblest of all the
realised daydreams of its founder, Sir BULWER
LYTTON, a Reality of his creation surpassing all his
Romances, eclipsing even his brilliant reputation in
• letters by the solid evidence, thus attesting his rare
capacity and genius as a colonial administrator.

There is a very impressive and masterly paper in
the current number of the Edinburgh Review upon
the subject of the "Secret Organisation of Trades,"
with especial reference, of course, to the recent
—would that we could say of it literally the late—
strike in the building trades of the metropolis. It
would be a good thing and a wise thing to have
this article reprinted from the Edinburgh in a
separate and cheap form as a penny or twopenly
pamphlet and widely circulated—circulated far and
wide—among the industrial population. The
Reviewer sets out with a reminder of the paper
which appeared just twenty-one years ago upon
the subject of Trades Unions and Strikes in the
pages of the Edinburgh, a paper that startled the
public at large with a series of frightful revelations.
Happily there is not now in the strikes of today
any repetition of what was woefully rife then—
namely, crime of the most fiendish brutality and
variety ; inhuman murders, lawless conspiracies,
shooting, burning, and bludgeoning ! But of
secret tyranny over thousands and thousands
there is yet, alas ! but to much. Of the
extent of this tyranny the Reviewer writes :
" According to the best authorities accessible in so
obscure a case, the trades' unions in the kingdom
are not fewer than two thousand, containing about
600,000 members, and commanding a fund of
£300,000, destined chiefly for the support of
strikes. Now, if we suppose each member to have
three persons dependent on him (which is a low
average), it would appear that nearly two millions
and a half of the working class of our population
are governed in their most important affairs their
industry and its recompense, their social relations
and personal fortunes,—by laws and authorities
not recognised by the rest of society, and not sub-
ject to public discussion or legal control. It must
be considered, also, that the two millions and a half
constitute only a portion of the multitude whose
fortunes are determined by the trades' union
1 organisation." Considerably later iu the argu-
ment the statistics of the present strike are thus
succinctly epitomised : " The building-trades
involved in the movement are seven : joiners,
carpenters, masons, bricklayers, painters, plasterers,
and labourers. It is impossible to ascertain with
any certainty the number under the order of the
leaders, or actually out of work in August. The
number receiving relief on the sth September was
7,856, of whom 4,899 were skilled artisans, and 2,957
were labourers ; but these combined were declared
to be no evidence of the number on strike, who
were conjectured to be anywhere from ten
to forty thousand men and boys, out of the
sixty thousand skilled workmen and innumerable
labourers included in the London building trades."
As for the plea upon which the strike was com-
menced, the Reviewer observes :—" The demand
of ten hours' wages for nine hours' work had been
agitated at intervals for some years, and met by a
set of resolutions passed by the masters at a meet-
ing at Freemasons' Tavern, some time ago. The
reason alleged by Mr. Potter for the pressure being
, enforced at this particular time was, that the trades
II
were overstocked ; that thousands of unemployed
workmen were hanging about in idleness, while
some others were working even more than the
habitual ten hours. We need not stop to point
out that men who were employed overtime, and
paid accordingly, were, as shown by the mere fact,
superior workmen, while the unemployed were the
inferior members of the craft. Mr. Potter's notion
was of forcing the inferior men upon the masters by
depriving the employers of their best men for
several hours per day, and of their next best men
for one hour per day, without reduction of wages.
The most odious part of this double tyranny was
that directed against-the superior workmen ; it is
the old story of a coalition between a few crafty
leaders and the crowd of inferior workmen, to
depress and subdue the best men in their body."
Immediately after which the sequel is thus de-
scribed, with comments as generously expressive
of indignation at the tyranny exercised as in their
logical clearness of reasoning they are perfectly
unanswerable. The sequel and:the comments on the
sequel run on in the manner following :—" The
master builders," writes the Edinburgh Reviewer,
" assembled on the 27th of July, when they met the
movement of the strike leaders by resolving to close
their works till the persecuted firm could resume
business. At a subsequent meeting they agreed to
the report of their committee, which recommended
its being made a condition of employment hence-
forth, that the men should declare themselves free
to make their own labour-bargains, and resolved to
remain so. In the plainest possible terms, the em.
ployers avowed their approbation of combinations
for mutual aid in sickness or other misfortune, and
in old age, while objecting to such as encroach on
the liberties of the buyers and sellers of labour.
As our readers are aware, the aspect of the move-
ment changed from this point. We have heard little
since of the nine hours, except when the strike
leaders were pushed hard on their other ground, and
I had to take refuge in this. The agitation has been
about this declar.-.tion since the first week in August.
Taking advantage of the ordinary repugnance of
1 the ill educated classes to sign any document' (as
they called this agreement), the leaders alarmed
them with extraordinary accounts of what this
document' would bind them to. It would bind
them to work for one master henceforth, under the
penalty of going to prison for taking work from
anybody else: it would cause them to be num-
bered and marked like convicts : it would reduce.
them below the serfs of Russia and even the negro-