The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-05 00:00:00

Orders by Post punctually attended to.

THE ~SUN" NEWSPAPER._
11 G. R. GLENIE delivers the LATE EDITION at
Chelsea, 7.40 ; Kilburn, 8; Starch-green, 8; Woolwich, 7.30 ;
Uxbridge, 0.20; Watford, &45.

THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN."
J. 11°L.BLES begs to inform his friends, and the pubic
generally, that he supplies thu LATEST EDITION
" PIIE SUN " as soon as published —No. 18, Hampstead-
r )ad. N.W.

THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN "
supplied as soon as Published, containing all the
LATEST NII;WS and S2OETING INTELLIGENCE, by
It. W. HARRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blacklriars-road,
London. S.

QPORTING-.----JOIIN ROBERTS supplies the
LATEST EDITION of "TED; SUN" as soon as pub-
Ishcd.-4, Bath-street, City-road, E.C.

THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN"
supplied, as soon as published every liveninfs, by
ver:ALEXANDIat (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 24,
Old Cavendish-id-rest. Oxford-street.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.-
Mr. CHAPMAN. of the White Hart, Acton, Middle-
sex, begs to inform tis fr►ends and neighbours that the
Latest Edition of The Sun" can be seen at his house as
above.

FOR TI,IE LATEST POLITICAL and
SPORTING INTELLIGENCE see the Late Edition
of "The Sun" at Mr. Blake's, Queen's Head, Windsor-
street, Uxbridge.

14ENSON, J. W., by Special Appointment to
JLP the Prince of Wales.

ENSON'S SILVER & ELECTRO-PLATE.
Prize Medal, 18G2.

BENSON'S GOLD JEWELLERY. Novel
and Artistic.

BENSON, Old Bond-street and Westbourne-
grove. Steam Factory and City Show-Rooms, 58
and GO, Ludgate-hill.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

THIS DAY.—Morning, 10h. 40m.—Afternoon, 11h. 22m.
Ta-Iflonitow.-Alonling, 11h. 56m.—Afternoon, h. m.

eq., 4, 7 10Z,
4444,,

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 5, 1866.

Peace has now been signed between Prussia and
Hesse-Darmstadt, and we may certainly consider
that the course pursued by Prussia towards this
State is a very fair sample of the manner in which
the Berlin Government conduct affairs. We might
have thought that more respect would have been
shown to Hanover, but the close connection of
Hesse-Darmstadt with the English Crown ought
certainly to have insured it better treatment. It
appears otherwise, however, and the unfortunate
little State is to meet with as " hard a fate as
the rest of them. According to the intelligence
conveyed by the New Preussiesche Zeitung the
original demands of the Prussian Government
have been complied with, and Hesse-Darmstadt has
to pay an indemnity of three millions, and cede to
Prussia a portion of the northern part of Upper
Hesse. Hamburg will also be given up to Prussia.
Our Royal Family have great cause to appreciate
the goodwill and courtesy thus shown to them in
this transaction ; but, far from making any abate-
ment in their demands, it seems as if the Prussian
authorities went out of their way to show their
perfect indifference to the claims of others, and
were resolved to treat with contempt any
nation that might suggest reticence to them.
Perhaps, however, we ought to admire their
moderation, in not taking the whole of the
State instead of merely claiming a considerable por-
tion. We know that they have the power to do so,
and have great reason to wonder that their assur-
ance does not lead them to do their utmost. It is
quite out of character to suppose that such a course
of oppression can continue, and that in an age
so advanced as this states and peoples will con-
sent to be kept under the domination of so arbi-
trary and dominant a power as that which now
tramples under foot the liberties of Germany.
It is quite idle to talk of any improvement tak-
ing place in consequence of all these changes and
alterations. The best proof of the selfish views
of Prussia is given by the fact that in all her
plans she monopolises so much to herself, and as
for the idea of unity, that is quite impossible.
There will be about as much unity as ever existed in
any part of the world in places where might triumphs
against right, and where free expression of thought
and liberty of action are sacrificed to the wishes of
the conqueror.

The instances of Prussian insincerity multiply
themselves so rapidly that it is really difficult to
keep pace h
wit them. It is now said by the
Faddrelandet of Copenhagen that last week a
numerous deputation from the inhabitants of
Schleswig proceeded to Berlin in order to present a
petition for the re-union of flolstein-Schleswin. with
Denmark, but Count BISMARCK either refused to
receive the deputation, or, according to one of Mr.
rtE UTER'S telegrams (just received), " was too much
engaged with his Ministerial duties [among which,
by the way, that of receiving precisely any such
kind of deputation as this might reasonably have
been suppoied to be numbered i] to attend to their
The airs and graces which this man
gives himself are quite astonishing, and more in
keeping with the extravagant course pursued by the
favourites of Eastern Kings than the conduct which
characterises the Minister of a constitutional monarch.
Nothing would be less surprising than to find that
by some means or other the Berlin Government has
shirked the duty devolving upon it of giving up
Northern Scldeswig to Denmark. It is not likely
that they will readily part with anything they have
in their possession, no matter how much they may

petition

be bound in honour and honesty to do so ; and we
may-rest assured that if dexterity can contrive an
excuse it will not be found wanting to the restless
individual who now sways the destinies of Prussia.
There is one fact worthy of notice just now when
so much is said about the great military skill of the
Prussians, and that is the immense number of pri-
soners which have been given up to the Austrians.
It is all very fine to talk of prisoners and the like,
but •all we can say is that if the Prussians engage
the French they will not have so many prisoners to
dispose of. The Austrians evidently fought as men
who are without a particle of hope, and this, com-
bined with their general mismanagement, brought
about very disastrous results. In fact, we do not
consider that there was any great display of bril-
liant qualities on the part of the Prussians in the
late war. They had every advantage on their side,
with the aid of their wonderful weapon they suc-
ceeded in gaining their object; but it is idle to talk
and write as if we had just witnessed one of those
bard-fought campaigns which call forth all the
energy and endurance of which human nature is
capable. Suchis false reasoning, for the whole affair
was quickly over, and the results are not so wonder_
ful when we take all things into consideration. The
Austrians have indeed a great deal to learn from the
report of the numbers exchanged, and it behoves
them to be more on the alert when they next ex-
change the pursuits of peace for the hazard of war.
Whether they fight for honour and for safety, it
will be well for them to change their plans. A
greater mistake was never committed than that
made by the Vienna Government in refusing to
have the Congress assemble at Paris, because then
the other Great Powers would have been able to
interfere in some way or other, but as it was all was
left in the hands of Prussia. Disastrous as the
issue of this affair has been to Austria herself, it has
been still more so to Germany, for time and trouble
will be required to do away with the effects of all
the recent changes and disturbances that have taken
place.

The retirement of M. DROUYN DE L'HUYS

has, of course, given rise to a great deal
of speculation in various quarters, happening
as it has done at so very critical a juncture;
and the prevailing opinion in Paris is now that it
was not about the Roman question that he resigned,
but that the frontier affair was the immediate cause
of the Government losing the services of so able a
Minister. In consequence of the EMPEROR'S deci-
sion that peace should be unshaken between Prussia
and France, it was no doubt found desirable that

one who had been very active in the attempt to

restore the Rhine provinces to France should retire
for awhile. The latest exploit which is said to be

occupying the attention of the Berlin statesman is

to get Luxembourg into his possession, on the pre-
tence that it belongs to the German Confederation ;

and this may be true in one sense, Rotwithstanding
sundry objections to the scheme that suggest
themselves to the experienced. It seems as if
this crafty and cunning statesman, of whom,

in the dearth of great men, the nineteenth
century has made a hero, were determined to ape
the semblance of those who have really achieved
wonders, and to shape out his course in apparent

imitation of that career—
" Whose game was empire, and whose stakes wore thrones,
Whose table earth, whose dice were human bones."

BISMARCK can do the mischief part of the business
in a minor degree, at all events, without affecting
any of those grand results which turn the scene of
carnage into the field of glory, and convert the sup-
pression of freedom into a change that adds lustre
to the wonders of a mighty empire. Notwithstand-
ing all the accounts of treaties signed and of settle-

brated will be of very long duration, for it
rests on no solid foundation, and has the impress of
waste in its style and appearance. We know that
the speech of BISMARCK to the Prussian Deputies
contained much earnest exhortation to the effect
that no time must be lost, and doubtless he was in
earnest and spoke the truth then. lie knew full well
the importance of consolidating his conquests before
too particular an inquiry was instituted into the
manner in which he had obtained them. He may
yet be called to account, however, for the part he
has played when and where he least expects a day of
reckoning.

We have now before us the full text of the im-
portant speech addressed by President JOHNSON to
the Committee of the Philadelphia Convention.
Mr. JOHNSON has never professed to be an orator,
though his speeches are always straightforward,
sensible, and to the purpose; but his address on
this occasion was one of which the most expe-
rienced statesman need not have been ashamed.
The independence and resolution of the speaker,
his strong attachment to the constitution of his
country, and his courage in facing oppposition and
detraction within and without, are all strikingly
displayed. The strength which a good cause
gives to a courageous man is forcibly illustrated
in the situation of the American PRESIDENT. A
short time ago his veto was overridden in the Con-
gress, he was threatened with impeachment by the
fanatics, and, what was worse, the great body of
the people were somewhat alienated from him in the
belief that he was inclined to exercise his preroga-
tive in an arbitrary and tyrannical manner. A man
of a different stamp might have been overwhelmed
and driven into an attempt to conciliate the Radi-
cals by a compromise or by the surrender
of some of his own convictions. Happily
for the future of America, ANDREW JOHNSON was of
a different calibre. He at once perceived the dan-
gers of the situation, and saw that under the guise
of free and liberal measures the rights of the people
were seriously imperilled. He refused to abandon
any of his Presidential privileges, and boldly told
the country the true state of the case. As he said
to the committee, all that was necessary was for
the American people to understand the struggle that
was going on, and when they did they pronounced
unmistakably on the side of the Constitution and
the President. Mr. JOHNSON deniechhe truth of the
charge brought against the Executive of tyranny.
Such accusations were, he maintained, simply pre-
ferred to delude the public into the belief that there
was some one in power who was usurping and
trampling upon the rights and perverting the prin-
ciples of the constitution. Mr. JOHNSON, however,
howoewever,
carried the war into the enemy's camp. li
the Congress had gradually encroached step-by step
upon constitutional rights, and violated day after
clay and month after month: the fundamental
principles of the Government. "We have seen,"
he indignantly exclaimed, " a Congress that seemed
to forget that there was a constitution of the
United States, and that there was a limit to the
sphere and scope of legislation. We have seen a
Congress in a minority assume to exercise powers
which, if allowed to be carried out, would result in
despotism or monarchy itself." The representative
body assumed, said the PRESIDENT, to be the Con-
gress of the United States, but inreality it wasonly a
congress of part of the States. It assumed and
pretended to be for the Uuion, while its every act
tends to perpetuate disunion, and ina'ce disruption
of the States inevitable. This was one great na-
tional danger happily averted by the PRESIDENT'S
known clemency and desire for conciliation.

With an assembly whose legislation partook
" of the character of penalties, retaliation, and re-
venge," it needed a very strong counteracting in-
fluence to prevent the smothered flame from burst-
ing out afresh—the mortified and indignant popu-
lation of the South from throwing off all external
allegiance to the hardly restored Union. But
there was another danger more insidious if less ap-
parent, a danger which few men in Mr. JOIINSON'S
position would have had the penetration to detect,
and which fewer still would have refused to profit
by. That danger was centralisation. The Radicals,
if they had had their will, would have thrown such
power into the hands of the Government pro tern. that
popular liberties under an unscrupulous President
might have been grievously curtailed, and the State
rights, which form so important a guarantee for
American freedom, must have been infringed. If
the Radical estimate of ANDREW JOHNSON had been
correct, if he had been the man they took him for
when they elected him Vice-President, it would
have been a sad day for the great Republic. Had
he been dazzled by power or cajoled into concession
he might have secured a temporary triumph at the
risk of the country's future. "If I wanted autho-
rity," he said to the Committee, " or if I wanted to
perpetuate my own power, how easy- it would have
been to hold and wield that which was placed in my
hands by the measure called the Freedmen's Bureau
Bill. With an army which it placed at my discre-
tion, I could have remained at the capital of the
nation, and with its fifty or sixty millions of appro-
priations at my disposal, with the machinery to be
worked by my own hands, with my satraps and de-
pendents in every town and village, and, then, with
the Civil Rights Bill following as an auxiliary—in
connection with all the other appliances of the Govern-
ment, I could have proclaimed myself Dictator!" Such
are the risks to which men blinded by prejudice
and carried away by party feeling expose their
country. The great evil of the American system
has always been the naanceuvring for places, and
the pledges given by the President elect before he
gets his office. Yet these gentlemen would not have
scrupled to have increased it indefinitely, to have
thrown into the hands of the Executive this danger-
ous power, careless as to the risk they ran so long
as they secured their object of humiliating
the South and strengthening their own politi-
cal position. But they were completely
defeated by the integrity, the public spirit, and the
firmness of one man, and that man the very one
who might have profited by their manoeuvres to
secure to himself an indefinite tenure of irrespon-
sible power. Unhesitatingly ANDREW JOHNSON
rejected the tempting bait, and faced opposition,
contumely, threats, reproaches, and calumnies un-
moved and unshaken. He was accused of political
ingratitude, of meanly deserting the party to whom
he owed his elevation. He was threatened

with impeachment, and even reminded of the
untimely fate of his predecessor in office.
He was accused of tyranny, and rumours
were industriously circulated of his despotic ten-
dencies. The Congress was in open rebellion against
him, and listened approvingly to the most un-
sparing abuse, and took every opportunity to in-
sult and to thwart him. His Cabinet itself was
disaffected ; while the American press outdid itself

in intolerance and virulence. But the PRESIDENT
remained unshaken. As he himself said, in the
darkest moment of the struggle he felt convinced
that all would be safe in the end. lle had faith in
the great mass of the people, and they have not dis-
appointed him. They have rallied to his side,
and, through the Philadelphia Convention, have
proclaimed their approval of his conduct and
his principles. And well may they do so, since
LA; 1110 1.11,g1.11.4., auluiraint GU vecupy
that position which retains all power in the hands
of the people. " I acknowledge no superior
except my GOD, the author of my existence, and
the people of the United States." lle bas for him-

self nothing to gain, he has passed through every
successive office, from the alderman of a village to
the Presidency of the United States, a proof that
his countrymen of every rank instinctively recog-
nised his capacity for government. The task.which
Mr. JOHNSON has set before himself, and which he
has well nigh accomplished, is, however, one
which might content the proudest ambition. To
heal the wounds of a distracted country, to restore
constitutional freedom and civil law in place of
military dictatorship and social disorganisation, to
preserve the rights and liberties of a great people
from being undermined by faction or overthrown
by violence, —these are great aims, and need great
abilities, and no ordinary force of character. The
Radicals, who scruple at nothing, have endeavoured

to profit by the Fenian conspiracy, and to turn the
PRESlDENT'sinterference in the frontiers against him
at the elections. We are glad to see our Govern-
ment have promptly despatched, not only men but
horses, which will render the troops at once avail-

able for action on their arrival. Armed with
the improved weapons our cavalry will soon
startle SWEENEY and his followers into a sense

of the folly and extravagance of their attempt,
while their early arrival at the colony will not only
encourage and assist the Canadians, but will relieve

the American Government from an onerous and

invidious duty.

The PRESIDENT'S address was received throughout
with warm applause, and the crowds without took

up the cheers within, giving token that his policy
commended itself not only to the reason of the few,
but to the hearts and consciences of the many.

ALDERSHOTT CA3IP.—It is stated that scarlet
fever has broken out at .Aldershott, especially among the
children in the married men's quarters, and the Medical
Times states that the cubical space allotted to the women
and children is even less than that given to the inmates of
the worst managed workhouses, an .l adds the necessity of
some one in authority noticing the matter.

FLOODS.—The continuous rains of Wednesday
for the second time this summer caused great dis-
tricts of the North Riding valleys to be inundated, causing
a destruction of farm property from which the country has
not suffered since 1857, when a similar flood occurred. The
late rainy season had so saturated the land that the whole
of the extraordinary rainfall of the previous 48 hours ran
rapidly off into the streams, and in that short period the
North Riding rivers rose from summer level to a state cf
flood. So heavy had the rains of Wednesday been that the
return railway journey from the Whitby agricultural show
to Malton was made through an infinite array of cascades,
every glen of the romantic Newton Dale being overcharged
with water from countless contributory streamlets. On the
eastern side of the moors the waters drain to the sea by the
Yorkshire Esk—a meandering stream which the Mahon
and Whitby Railway crosses some dozen times in half a
dozen miles. This stream receives the drainage of the Eller-
beck and the Gothland valleys, and rose to a state of flood
in a few hours. The wooden bridge No. 9, from Whitby,
being old, was about to be restored or replaced, and the
railway company had commenced operations for a perma-
nent structure. This bridge was watched with anxiety
all Thursday night, the traffic of Wednesday (much of it
excursion traffic) having all passed the bridge in safety.
OnMonday, however, the flood was found to have literally
floated the bridge and drawn the piles, therefore trains

could no longer pass. The traffic: is being worked from
Milton to the bridge, where passengers can walk over.
Trains are consequently late, and aro likely to remain so
until anew bridge can be built. Iu Ryodale the rivers have
risen rapidly, and above Newsome-bridge have either burst
or overflowed the banks. Here large tracts of country
under crop were flooded, and in some places so deeply that
the heads of the growing crops wera only just above water.
Of course all pastures are again spoiled for a time by the
mud left by the flood water. The old Derwent, with the
rapid flow of the moor streams, has again overflowed, and
a railway journey to Pickering showed the extensive
grazing lands ono sheet of water for miles. At noon the
waters were still rising, and it was feared the country of
the Dorwent proper, from Halton downwards, would also
become extensively flooded.