The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONIAM, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 17, 1866.

to Texas, nor does Louisiana control Florida ; but
so firmly convinced are the majority of the advan-
tages of combination that they refused to break up

the Union even into two large powerful divisions.
In the case of British America the States, though
thriving and blest with great natural advantages,

are as yet poor and thinly peopled. They are five
in number, and though adopting the same
form of Constitution, they possess the dis-

advantages of divided Governments. We have
every reason to hope for a maintenance of friendly

relations with America, but wise politicians will

CORRESPONDENCE FROXI PARIS.

always take possibilities into consideration, and in

the event of a war between this country and the
United States, it is evident that the Confederated
Provinces of British America would offer a much
more formidable point to the enemy than the five
separate States. There would be unity of purpose
and unity of action. A prudent disposal of the
forces and of the common funds would, it is manifest,
add very materially to the defensive power of the
colonies. There is no reason why Nova Scotia or
New Brunswick should merge their identity in that
of Canada because they have a central government.
They have strongly marked peculiarities of their
own ; they have distinctive trades and occupations,
and are not likely to send delegates to Ottawa or
anywhere else who would fail to assert their inte-
rests. There must always be r great deal of inter-
nal legislation left to the separate legislature of
each colony. Mr. HowE says, after referring to the
extensive fishing trade of Nova Scotia and New-
foundland, " Here are colonies within seven days'
steaming of these shores, floating the flag of
England over a noble mercantile marine, and
training 60,000 seamen and fishermen to defend it,
and yet the House of Commons is to be asked to
allow some gentlemen in Ottawa to draw these
people away from the ocean, which, for their own
and the general security of the empire, they lire
required to protect, that their hearts may be broken
and their lives wasted on interminable frontiers
incapable of defence." But what reason is there to
suppose that any one Canadian or otherwise would
wish these men to abandon their own profitable
employment on which the commerce of the mari-
time provinces so greatly depends ? It would un-
doubtedly be the height of folly were they to do so,
and we have yet to learn that Canada intends to
attempt garrisoning her thousand miles of frontier.
As for Mr. HOWE'S ridicule of the new territory
and his disgust for the Canadian project of pur-
chasing the territory of Hudson's Bay, we think
he is somewhat unjust. " Fancy," he exclaims,
" a country in Europe as large as England, France,
and Prussia, with only eight people to the square
mile, and a debt of $23 per head, wanting to purchase
another country as large as Russia, and then gauge,
if you can, the measure of scorn and ridicule with
which the proposition would be received." We
cannot fairly compare the New World with the
Old ; even the mighty States themselves, with
a population reckoned by tens of millons, if we
divided that actual population by the number of
square miles in their territory, would look strange
to European eyes. Such a test would not give a
fair idea of their strength or power. Mr. HOWE,
although objecting to Canada's interference with
the Hudson's Bay Company, very greatly disap-
proves of its remaining in its present condition, and
strongly advocates Lord LYTTON'S plan of erecting
it into a separate colony, with a Governor and
Council, responsible to the Colonial Office, and not
to the Company. It is certainly quite time that this
magnificent territory were turned to some account,
and not sacrificed to the interests of a trading specu-
lation. The spirit of enterprise which so strongly
marks the presence of Englishmen in other parts of
the globe seems paralysed here, and the advancing
wave of colonisation is stayed. If some legislative
improvements were effected, and if the Confedera-
tion of the Provinces could be brought about on
terms satisfactory to all parties, there would be
more confidence felt in infesting capital, and the
tide of emigration might flow northwards instead of
to the States.
Mr. HOWE objects to the domination of one State
over the others, and says that America herself
could not have survived it. But whatever may
be the facts as to Canadian ambition or local
jealousy, no one in this country contemplated such
a consequence of Confederation. " Union is
strength," not to one, but to all. It does not
signify the subordination of all interests to one con-
trol, but the representation and combination of all.
If the Quebec scheme is believed by the Nova
Scotians and New Brunswickers to be partial and
unjust, it will surely be possible for them to point
out its inequalities, and to suggest some statesman-
like improvements. Whatever objections might be
raised by their neighbours, such a statement would
certainly receive a fair hearing from the people of
this country, and from the Imperial Legislature.
We trust that a spirit of conciliation and fair play
may prevail over local jealousies and petty ambi-
tion, and that the several populations will endea-
vour to reconcile their differences and to unite
heartily in striving for the good of what is, after all,
heir common country.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Tuesday Evening.

The 2llouiteur, in its bulletin, states that various
despatches from Athens, of a date anterior to 12th of
October, announce that important combats had
taken place unfavourable to the Turks in the island
of Candia. According to the news brought to
Constantinople by Djetnil Pacha, Aide-de-Camp of
the Sultan, however, who left the island on the 12th,
no engagement had taken place up to that period.
The Turkish troops had commenced their offensive
movement, and occupied an important position in
advance of Aproconio, the principal focus of the in-
surrection. An attack upon this point was expected
on the 14th. The insurgents were beginning to be
discouraged and apprehensive in regard to the result
of their movement.

The despatches from Cassel state that all the
officers and soldiers of the late electoral army had
taken the oath of fidelity to the King of Prussia.
A letter from Cairo states that in Egypt, as in
France, many disasters had been produced by the
inundations. The Nile had risen to an unprece-
dented extent, but the Egyptian Government had
beforehand adopted great precautions. In spite of
these, however, it was feared that great loss of life
and property would ensue. In Upper Egypt ter-
ritle disasters and destruction of property had
already been made known.
Some alarming but stupid reports have been cir-
culated in Paris as to the interruption of the pacific
negotiations between Prussia and Saxony. Some of
the Paris editors drew upon their imagination and
announced fresh conflicts. Authentic accounts from
Berlin state that the negotiations proceed satisfac-
torily, and that the conclusion of peace was consi-
dered as a matter of certainty.
Letters from Italy announce that the Royal gon-
dola, in preparation for the King on the occasion of
the rejoicings on the conclusion of peace, has been
prepared at a great expense of money and taste. It
will be rowed by 18 men. At the helm is the lion
of St. Marc holding the crown of Savoy ; at the
stern there is a personification of Venice crowning
Italy. The deck is splendidly decorated. It is
ornamented with a magnificent throne of velvet,
embroidered with gold. The throne is supported by
a Genius. The Royal flag is hoisted in the centre

of the vessel.
I mentioned that the Lombardy crown of iron
was about to be restored to Italy as the symbol of
the restoration of the power of Victor Emmanuel.
This restoration has taken place with great cere-
mony. This crown, although called the iron crown,
is in reality of massive gold. Ancient French writers
say that Theodelinde, the widow of Atharis, King
of the Lombards, made a present of this crown
to her second husband, Agilulphe, Duke of
Turin, which was used at his coronation.
The crown is of massive gold, but inside there is a
thin circle of iron, formed, it is said by ancient
French theological writers, of the nails used at the
crucifixion of Jesus Christ. This band of iron was
the cause of its being called the iron crown. It is
this crown which Charlemagne received in 774 from
the hands of Pope Adrian the First. It was used at
Boulogne in 1530 for the coronation of Charles the
Fifth. Napoleon the First wore this crown in May,
1805. Francis the First and Ferdinand the First
Emperors of Austria were successively crowned
with it as Sovereigns of Lombardy. In 1859,
at the approach of the Franco-Italian army,
the Austrians carried away this crown, which was
taken to the Imperial Treasury at Vienna, and
guarded with every possible precaution. One of
the Paris papers has a happy aspiration upon the
subject. It expressed a hope that this crown of iron
may inaugurate for Italy a new age of gold.
The fields around Paris were covered with white
frost this morning. It has been bright and fine
to-day, but very cold.
About a year ago, the French Government, in its
desire to extend free trade and promote industry
generally, relieved bakers from various restrictions
which pressed upon them and made the trade really
free—that is to say, they make their own charge

for bread according to quality, but they must
not cheat in weight. The tribunal of Beau-
vais has just inflicted deserved punishment upon a
baker who sells what is called in London fancy
bread. It decided that a baker may charge what
he likes for a " loaf," but, if he sells bread pro-
fessedly weighing a pound, the pound of bread, like
Shylock's pound of flesh, is intended to be a real
pound. The complainant proved that the bread for
which he paid was deficient several ounces in weight,
and the President of the Court said that a baker
under the free-trade system might charge his own
price for a pound of bread, but he must give a
pound. The defendant having committed a fraud
in this respect he should fine him 50 francs. He
was also condemned to pay the expenses of the pro-
secution, and the charge of two advertisements in
the papers of the district announcing to his cus-
tomers the pleasing intelligence that he was in the
habit of selling to them bread deficient in weight.
The late Sir Robert Peel once held up a sovereign
while explaining the principles of free-trade, and
asked, " What is a pound ?" The President of the
Beauvais Tribunal defines a pound as consisting in
French measure of 500 grammes ; and of this piece
of useful knowledge the baker seemed to be igno-
rant. Now he will know better.

Yesterday the neighbourhood of the good city oi
Aberdeen was the scene of a very interesting cere
monial. The opening of the new waterworks, which
are to supply the rapidly increasing population of
the districtawith an ample supply of pure water, was
an incident of considerable importance, and the pre-
sence of Her MAJESTY gave the proceedings an in-
terest and attraction which few public ceremonials
have possessed since the death of the PRINCE CON-
SORT. Her MAJESTY was punctual to the time ap-
pointed, setting in this respect, as in many others,
an excellent example to her feminine subjects, and
the weather was in accordance with her special good
fortune in that respect. The day was an eventful
one for the whole district, and some thousands of
spectators assembled at Invercaunie, the locality of
the waterworks, at a very early hour. The
public bodies and associations of Aberdeen
were present in due state, and the Volunteers
added to the brilliancy of the spectacle. A suit-
able prayer having been read, the Lord Provost,
who has been very instrumental in carrying out
the undertaking, read an address to the QUEEN, to
which her MAJESTY briefly replied in person, being
the first time that she has spoken in public since her
bereavement. " I have felt," said the QUEEN,
" that at a time when the attention of the zountry
liitasbeey n s thatnsseoae of
fh I anxiously directed to the public health,
se h
importanceo ul d
oafn
a exertionw or work
so
to tes-
tify
m was
right
well
ocaflyeuoluarteadncaisenthticsittyo promote the.,,ltishopedhtbeaalttth and comfort
henioraltlms
pointed by her MAJESTY will not be lost upon the
municipal authorities of other cities, but that
importancefor all of
our t thewn
stehceure
some effortsbewionratdhey
to
of
racin'ahlides ec
irtiapnyard populations the blessings of pure water.
growth of our great towns ne-
cessitates careful attention to this matter. The
Lord Provost reminded her MAJESTY that it was
the third time during the present century that an
increased supply of water had become ne-
cessary for Aberdeen. "In 1806 the daily sup-
ply was 60,000 gallons, since increased to
1,000,000, and the citizens will long delight
to c9lllloot your 111 JESTY'S liaino with the

supply of 6,000,000 gallons of pure water from the
LATEST INTELLIGENCE
Dee. (RELTTER'S TELEGRAMS
" .)
•
The undertaking has been carried out in a manner I
worthy of its importance, and reflects credit on the
energy and perseverance of those who conducted it.
We have no doubt that their fellow-townsmen will
appreciate their labours, and the new Aberdeen
Waterworks will probably exercise an important
effect on the health and wellbeing of the population
of the neighbourhood.

ITALY.
VERONA, Oct. 16 (Evening.)

The Italian troops, under the command of Gene-
ral Medici, entered this city to-day, and met with
an enthusiastic reception from the inhabitants,
who raised cheers for the King of Italy and the
Army.

THE EMPRESS OF MEXICO.
'TRIESTE, Oct. 16, Evening.

Intelligence received here from Miramar states
that no change has taken place in the health of the
Empress Charlotte. ller Majesty, however, takes
partial nourishment and sleeps well.
The Count of Flanders and the Archduke Carl
Ludwig have left Miramar.
BUCHAREST, Oct. 16 (Evening.)
Prince Charles leaves on Thursday for Constan-
tinople.

AMERICA.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 17.

The Hamburg and American Company's
steamer Allemannia sails at noon to-day for New
York with the mails, 190 cabin and a large number
of steerage passengers, and a full cargo, includ-
ing precious stones and jewellery from Havre,
value 131,425 francs. _ _ _

The North German Lloyd's steamer Deutschland
sails at noon to-day on her first voyage to New
York, with a full complement of cabin and steerage
passengers, and a largo cargo, including French
jewellery from Havre, value 95,000 francs.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

ALEXANDRIA, Oct. 14.

The Ripon and Pera left at noon to-day.

The former may be expected at Marseilles on the
20th and the latter at Southampton about the 27th

FRANCE.
BOURSE, Oct. 16.—Two o'clock.—Much anima•

tion is displayed owing to the bi-monthly settlement
taking place.to-day. The market opened at gene-
rally higher quotations, but these have not been
maintained. Italian Fives, first dealt in at 56f. 10c.,
are now quoted at 55f. 60c., or 35c. lower than at
yesterday's close. French Threes, from 68f. 95c.,
the opening price, have fallen to 68f. 80c., or 12in.
lower. Credit Mobilier have fallen 13f. 75c., to
628 f. 75c. The variations are less important on the
securities of other Credit Societies. Railway Shares
show more firmness, and are quoted with an ad-
vance. Came Mires are doing at 83f. 75c. The
charge for carrying over continues low. On Credit
Mobilier Shares there is a deport which has varied
from If. 25c. to 25c., and on Italian Fives of from
sc. to 10c. The prix de compensation have been
fixed on the following securities at—Bank of France,
3,555 f. ; Credit Mobilier, 635 f. ; Comptoir
d'Escompte 890 f. ; and Paris Gas, 1,570 f.

Three o'clock.—The market closed as follows

41 per Cents 96 90
Do. end month —
3 per Cents.
Do. end month 6B 821

Credit blobilier 626 25
Do. end month ... 625

Bank Shares 3500
Italian Loan bs 75
Do. end month 55 60
Mexican Loan —
Do. Bonds —
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred -
ULU.

Credit Fonder —
Do. end month 1362 50

For Account.
Orleans
Northern 1166 25
Lyons and Mediterranean B9B 75
Southern 577 50

Western
Eastern
Sardinian

Austrian

Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

The Queen of Denmark and their Royal High-
nesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, attended by the
Hon. Mrs. Cole, Countess Reventlow, Major Grey, &-c.,
honoured the Olympic Theatre with their presence last
evening to witness the performance of Mr. Tom Taylor's
drama " The Whiteboy."
His Excellency the Prussian Ambassador and
the Countess Bernstorff and family are expected to leave
Brighton for the Prussian Embassy next week.
The Earl of Bective, M.P., and Lady Madeline
Taylour have loft the Lodge, Virginia, Ireland, for Un-
derley Hall, Westmoreland.
The Countess Dowager Fortescue and Miss Geale
have loft town for Powderham Castle, Exeter.
THE LIFE OF JOSIAH WEDGWOOD. By Eliza
Meteyard. Vol. 2, with above 200 illustrations, completing
the work.—Hurst and Blackett.—" We have to congratu-
late the authoress on the publication of her second volume
of the life of Wedgwood. We can award her the praise
due to the most painstaking and conscientious application.
She has devoted her whole mind and energy to her subject,
and has achieved a work not less creditable to herself than
it is indispensable to all who wish to know anything about
English ceramic art and its great inventor. The two
volumes before us are in themselves marvels of decorative
and typographical skill. More beautifully printed pages,
more creamy paper, and more dainty woodcuts have sel-
dom met our eyes. It is seldom that an author is so well
seconded by his coadjutors as Miss Meteyard has been by
her publishers, printer, and the staff of draughtsmen and
engravers who•have contributed the numerous illustrations
which adorn this sumptuous book."—Saturday Review.
GOOD FEELING BETWEEN RIVAL BISHOPS.—The
Right Rev. Dr. Power, Roman Catholic Bishop of Killaloe,
is engaged at present building a suitable residence in that
town, and tLe greatest possible facility bas been afforded
by the Lord Bishop in not only granting a site for its
erection at a nominal sum, but he has also given ground
to beautify it in every possible way. This is highly com-
mendable of the Lord Bishop, whose every act since his
appointment to the bishopric of Killaloe is that of tolera-
tion, kindness, and affectio'n to the people of all classes.
Limerick Southern Chronicle.

REFORM MEETING AT CARLISLE.—A crowded
meeting was hold in Carlisle on Monday night to promote
Parliamentary Reform. Sir Wilfrid Lawson presided.
The largest hall in the city, capable of containing about
1,000, was crowded in every part. Resolutions wore
passed, approving of manhood suffrage and vote by ballot,
expressing warm thanks and pledging support to the pre-
sident, council, and executive of the Reform League, and
tendering thanks to the leading Liberals in Parliament
who vindicated the character and protected the rights of
the people, and further expressing confidence in tho
honesty and ability of Mr. Might, champion of the people's
cause. Mr. Beales, Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Mr. Mark Price
olitudNster), and Osjyerta Taking uloi wQru the 513.59,1i0r5.