The Sun.
London, England, 1859-05-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WTDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1859

HOUSEHOLD WORDS.—Messrs. BRADBURY
and EVANS beg to state that their connection with
HOUSEHOLD WORDS will cease from and after the 28th
inst., and that on Saturday, the 2d July they will commence
a new Weekly Illustrated Periodical, to be called
"ONCE A WEEK."
All communications for the Editor to be addressed to No.
11, Bouverie-street, London, E.C.

Ina few Days, Bvo,
NOTES ON THE DEFENCES OF GREAT
BRITAIN AND IRELAND AGAINST FOREIGN
INVASION—embracing the only General and Systematic
Plan for the Permanent Protection of this Country.
By LIEU NET.-GERAL SHA.NV KENNEDY, C. 8.,
Colonel 47th Reg-t.
John Murray, Albemarle-street.

RoYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
under toe alanazement of Mr. Charles Kean
T HIS EVENING will be presented Shakspeare's historical
play of ICING HENRY V.
lona Henry V., Mr. C. Kean; Chorus, Mrs. C. Kean.

-liIIEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bucketone.
-THIS EVENING will be performed the new and original
Comedy, entitled THE WORLD AND THE STAGE. The
characters by Messrs. Compton, Buckstone, Howe, W. Far-
ran, Rogers; Miss Amy Sedgwick, &c.
After which, a new Classical Extravaganza, entitled
ELECTRA IN A NEW ELECTRIC LIGHT. Messrs
Compton, Braid, Clark, Mrs. Wilkins, Misses Fanny Wright,
Xliza Weekes, and Louisa Leclercq.

And A DAUGHTER TO MARRY.
Commence at 7.

MEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL
A-1 Sole Proprietor and Msnager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
Reappearance of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Wigan.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas.
Selby, Hillingdon ; Misses Keeley, Arden, and Laidlaw. and
Mrs. Hillingdon.
by Tom Taylor, Esq., THE
Followed by (seventh time),
HOUSE ? or, THE HOE ? Mr. Alfred Wigan, C, Selby,
Billington ; Mrs. AlfredM Wigan, Miss H. Simms. Miss Laid-

kw. -
er which, THE DEVIL ON TWO STIKS. Mr. J.
L. Toole. P. Bedford, Dliases Woolgar, Keeley,C Arden, and
Kate Kelly.

Acting alanager—Mr. Wm. Smith.
Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box
Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No fees to
wrvants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found.

ROYAL STRAND 'THEATRE.
Lessee and Directress, 3liss Swanborongh
THIS EVENING will be produced a new Comedietta, by
J. M. Morton, Esq., entitled WHICH OF THE TWO ?
supported by the company.
After which, THE MAID AND THE MAGPIE.
To conclude with VANDYKE BROWN. Mr. J. Clark.
Commence at 7o'clock.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE,
Westminster-road.
Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke.
Unparalleled and Continued Success of INANHOE.
Overt:owing Houses Nightly.
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
a new grand spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's popular
work, entitled IVAN HOB ; or, The Lists of Ashby, intro-
ducing among the vast resources of this great Hippodramatic
Temple,Tournaments, Processions, Banners, Combats, Tilts,
Victories, and Achievements in extraordinary magnificence.
Ivanhoe, Mr. R. Phillips ; Isa.'C of York, Mr. Jas. Holloway;
Richard of England, bir. Herbert ; Robin Hood, Mr. Wm.
Cooke, jun. ; Rebecca, Miss Bathurst; Lady Rowena, Miss
Dowton.
After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN
THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. John Henry Cooke, the
greatest rider in the world, and the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's
family, being the only instance on re.lord of such a domestic
concentration of unequalled male and female talent.
To conclude with the Farce of KILL OR CURE.
The preparations for Whitsuntide are ott an extensive scale
already.

Stage Manager. Mr. K. Phillips
Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 35.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, is. ; Upper
Gallery, 6d.
Private Boxes, £4 4s, £2 2s, and £1 ff.
To commence at 7 ; Carriages at 11.

OANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS
V GALLERY, Westminster-road.—Open at Seven.

EVERY EVENING during the week will appear
THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY,

-
consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz.. Jules, Juliette,
and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, .I.nd
EIGHT years.
The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some
of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios eve,*
written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi-
ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu-
siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France
and Belgium.
They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and
ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments.

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICM, MAY 25.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
67—highest since noon yesterday.
55—lowest this morning and during the night.
67—this day at noon.

_
BAnAMETER--`29.93.
WIND, North-Easterly; light, with very fine weather.

Every telegram from the seat of war must be
received with considerable reserve. They proceed
from some one of the belligerents, and are coloured
to suit the purposes of those by whom they are
despatched. The account of a great victory, in
which a French division defeated more than twice
their number of the enemy, would be received with
the greatest enthusiasm in France, and excite the
martial ardour of the people, to whom it would
recall the glories of the First Empire. The name
of " Montebello," too, may have no slight effect in
enhancing the feeling.
We have now before us General FOREY'S official
report, but even generals occasionally indulge in
some degree of exaggeration for the purpose of
increasing the glory and raising the spirits of the
troops under their command. It seems, however, to
be certain that the Austrians sustained an unques-
tionable defeat. They left many killed and
wounded on the field, and two hundred prisoners
and some powder waggons in the hands of the
enemy. Besides, they abandoned the strong posi-
tions they had assumed, and retired not only from
Casteggio, which the allies were strongly fortify-
ing, but also from Stradella, which they had
taken so much pains in entrenching, and which
was of vast importance if they were determined
still to continue their troops in Piedmont. They
have already retreated across the Po, so that it
is more than probable the war will speedily
be carried into their own dominions. Indeed,
GARIBALDI has already done so, having crossed the
Ticino at the head of six thousand men, and
entered Varese, where a revolution was got up on
the shortest possible notice.
It must, however, be admitted that the Ati.striun
retreat was effected in good order, and that General
FOREY, at half-past six o'clock in the evening,
thought it prurient not to follow up the
day's success'any further. He was contented with
expelling the enemy from Montebello and gaining
the first triumph of the war, or, as he himself terms
it, the " glorious baptism," which recalls one of the
noblest names of the Empire. The victory, there-
fore, although it must exercise a great moral in-

fluence, cannot be deemed in any degree decisive on

the future events of the war. That there will be
• hard fighting on both sides seems all but certain,
unless, indeed, the exertions of the neutral Powers
should fortunately succeed in bringing about an
early peace, of which we confess we have but little
hope.

General FOREY calculates the French loss
" approximatively" at from 600 to 700 killed and
wounded, including a large number of superior
officers, who did not spare themselves in any way.
The gallant Gen e ral B EURET was mortally wounded,
and Colonel Mou.ELLI met a similar fate. They
died in the hour of victory, after having greatly
distinguished themselves on the first field of
stricken fight, and their names will long be ass°•
elated with the battle of Montebello.
It seems tolerably clear that the Allies met a
superior force in point of numbers. General
Font says that the strength of the enemy could
not be under from 15,000 to 18,000 men. His own
division mustered about 9,000, and if we add 1,000
for the Sardinian cavalry, who behavei with ex-
traordinary valour, it may he supposed that the
Austrians were nearly three to two in point of
numbers. They were, however, the assailants.
-Their adversaries occupied a strong position, and
"the advantages of defending an entrenched post
*against any attack must be obvious. The sample fact
that Colonel DE SONNAZ WAS enabled to deo so with

eight hundred men against such a forild.dable
onslaught for more than an hour, affords sv fficient
evidence on the matter. . •; •

Of course the resistance could hot ; be sus-
tained on such unequal terms. The Pie dmontese
were compelled to fall back, gallantly •contesting
every foot of the way, and the Austrians pushed
on through Montebello to Ginestriello, wh ere the
French troops came up in force to ast,ist their
allies, and, as it eventually proved, to gat/ aer verdant
laurels for themselves. Their artillery operated
with great effect against the enemy . They also
charged with great firmness and efficiel icy, and after
a fierce and well-contested conflict, the Austrians
were driven back and compelled to abandon the
position at Ginestriello, and 'subsequently that
which they had entrenche dat Montebello. Here,
as we have already stated, the pursuit ceased, Gene-
ral FOREY was unwilling to risk his triumph by
affording the adversary an opportunity of retrieving
the fortunes of tie day. Besides, he must have de-
sired to afford some rest to men who were exhausted
by six hours' continuous fighting, and coultd not be
expected to follow up with vigour and efrect their
first triumph. There were also the wounded to
be looked after, and every possible relief afforded
them In their sufferings.
Meanwhile the Austrians quietly evacuated Cas-
teggio, and retired by the road of Casatisma. It
does not seem that either of the Emperors appeared
on the scene of fight, although one is at Alessan-
dria, and the other is reported to be at Pavia. In-
deed it is more than hinted that the Austrian attack
was made in deference to the wishes of FRANCIS
SOSEPII, who wished to signalise his arrival by a
victory. If so, he " reckoned without his host,"
and must be contented to bear with resignation his
deplorable failure. As we have stated, the battle
of Montebello, although by no means decisive, must
materially influence the operations of the war, and
lead to strategic changes by no means favourable to
the German cause. Austria has already reason to
regret her precipitation in her refusal to bestow
good government on the Lombardo-Venetian king-
dom, and to avoid undue interference with the
minor States, with the administration whereof she
had no concern.

The Times has manfully acknowledged at length
the signal triumph won at this last General Elec-
tion by her MAJESTY'S Government. " So far as
regards the balance of parties "—says that great
Organ of the Opposition—" it has given Lord
DERBY 26 seats or 52 votes on a division." Besides
which our contemporary goes on frankly to confess
—", We cannot help looking back to the very hard-
fought battle, on a very definite issue, which Lord
DERBY lost by 39 votes, and with that recent in-
stance we cannot but think Lord DERBY has every
reason to rejoice with a gain of 52 votes on a divi-
sion." Now these are precisely the very facts—
the particularly hard and stubborn facts—admit-
ting of not one instant's denial whatsoever—upon
tvhich we have been of late perpetually insisting.
We have directed public attention again and again
to the glaring and obvious truth that the seats won
by Ministers during these elections among the 400
separate constituencies—doubled upon a division,
have increased the already formidable array of
Derbyites in the House of Commons by the con-
siderable addition of fully half-a-hundred ! A
result for which the Cabinet is directly indebted to
that most redoubtable of political Marplots, Lord
JOHN RUSSELL. The Resolutions of the noble
lord the Member for the City of London led, as
we all know, to that division in a House of 626
Members—only eight-and-twenty less than the
full complement of 654—that division which
proved adverse to Ministers only by a
clear majority of thirty-nine even under the cir-
cumstances of that most exceptional combination
of parties and sections of parties on the side of a
disunited, and distracted, and internally antagonistic
OppoSition. It cannot be repeated too often that,
even with the aid of that most exceptional combi-
nation—bringing together what probably Lord
JOHN deemed at the time the " golden opinions of
all sorts of men"—the Resolutions triumphed only
by a clear majority of 39 in a house of 626 repre-
sentatives. As the natural, almost inevitable, and
certainly constitutional, result of that division,
adverse to the Government, the Fifth Parliament
of Queen VICTORIA was summarily dissolved. And
now, as the result of that not merely reasonable,
but, as it happened, absolutely requisite, Dissolu-
tion, we have the Ministers who were defeated in
the late House of Commons by a clear majority of
39 out of 626 members, returning to the new
House of Commons with a clear gain, upon the
complete aggregate of 654, of TWENTY-SIX in seats,
or, in other words, of FIFTY-TWO in votes upon a
division. Yet, in defiance of these plainly contrast
ing figures, the more disingenuous and merely
partisan organs of the Opposition have argued,
since the completion of the General Election just
brought to a close, that the result of the late
appeal to the country by her MAJESTY'S Ministers
has been such that they must perforce, that they
have no choice in the matter, but simply must, by
necessity, immediately upon the re-assembling of
the Legislature, be summarily defeated, and com-
pelled thereby at once to give in their resignation.
The confidence expressed in this way by these
partisan organs could not possibly be greater if,
instead of Ministers having gained twenty-six
seats, and thus secured fifty-two additional votes
upon a division, they had positively lost those
seats and votes to the Opposition. As
illustrating conclusively the absurdity of this,
we will assume as a possibility what is
certainly not very probable in itself, but would be
greatly,
we might suppose it, tothe advantage of the
Opposition. We will suppose that Lord JOHN
could rally around him once more in the new
House the heterogeneous parties, and sections of
parties, that were brought together, as we have
upon a previous occasion remarked, " just for one
night only," and that " by particular desire." We
will suppose that the noble lord the member for
the City of London could-again bring forward in
the new House those Resolutions of his which
triumphed in the old House by a clear majority of
39 out of 626 members altogether. We will suppose
that an equivalent 626, including among them, as
before, the Speaker and the four tellers, were again
gathered together in the Commons House of Par-
liament at Westmimster. We will suppose that
these 626—or, deducting the four tellers and the
Speaker, we will call them the 621—we will sup-
pose that equivalent 621 to be once more counted
out into the lobbies upon Lord JOHN'S revived
Resolutions. It is not unreasonable by any means
to premise, before we proceed further in our sup-
positions, that among that aggregate of 621 repre-
sentatives there should be found the representatives
of those twenty six scats which have, during the
late General Election, been transferred from the
side of the Opposition to the side of the Government.
And having pz cmised that—what result is it that
we are irresistibly brought to by the quotient.of a very
simple and transparent little sum in arithmetic ?
Why, the result is clear enough—the quotient is
obvious enough. It is one yielding no longer a clear
majority of 39 to the Oppposition in a House of 621
—but one yielding (also in a House of 621), a
L clear majority of thirteen to Her MAJESTY'S Go-

verument. How ? It is shown by a few plain
facts and stubborn figures—not by hair-splittings,
not by specious arguments, not by ambiguous or
disingenuous eauivocations—but in two minutes by
the aid of a handful of Arabic numerals. Before
cock-crow on that day of evil omen for Lord JOHN,
the Ist of April, the 621 members assembled down
at Westminster were divided by the four tellers, in
the presence of the Speaker and his clerks, thus—
For the Opposition
For the Government

. Clear majority for Lord JoHN's Resolutions.. 39
Now, a§suming the House to be again assembled, as
we have supposed, to the number of 621, for the re-
consideration of those redoubtable Resolutions, the
gain of twenty-six seats by Ministers, through their
late appeal to the country, would necessitate a
change to the extent of just double that number in
the votes upon the. division. To put the matter
more explicitly—the 330 on the side of the Opposi-
tion would be reduced by the subtraction of twenty-
six to a sum total of 304 ! While upon the oppo-
site side, the 291 gathered together by:the whipper-
in of the Treasury would be increased by the
addition of twenty-six to an aggregate of 317 !
The division would consequently stand thus :

For the Government
For the Opposition

. 317
. 304

Clear majority against Lord Jonre s Resolutions 17
Quod erat demonstrandum. And for this—thanks
to Lord JoHNRussELL and his factious Resolutions
—a Session has been lost—Reform has been post.
poned, at least, another year—Parliament has been
subjected to the vexation of a dissolution—the
country has been put to the expense and turmoil of
a General Election—and the calamity of a Euro-
pean war, at, the least, has been precipitated.

How feW of our readers look at, how much
fewer attempt to analyse, the details of news from
Central America. Even editors cast a weary eye
upon them, well knowing that comment would
ordinarily be of no interest to the public. At
length, however, in Mexico at least, there is a
state of things to interest us:all. The two great
parties have come out distinctly. Their respective
manifestos are published. They have fought,
bloodily, and what we should deem the right side
has had the worst of it ; it has, however, secured
the moral support of the United States, and the
anger of the wrong party seems to indicate that
the goodwill of the Union is of more consequence
than a bloody victory.
The latest and most detailed information is fur-
nished in a letter from Vera Cruz of the 21st and
22nd of April ; in the writer's account we see the
two parties fairly face to face, and there can be
little doubt which Englishmen will call the right
and which the wrong side. The party in power
since 1857 propose a constitutional federal Govern-
ment in place of a military dictatorship ; freedom
of religion ; freedom of the press ; the nationalisa-
tion, that is, the secularisation of two hundred
millions of dollars of Church property, which
yields at least £4,000,000 per annum ; the sub-
ordination of the military to the civil power ; the
abolition of ecclesiastical and military f'ueros
(special rights or tribunals) ; a reduction of the
tariffs ; abolition of exceptional permits (a kind of
commercial monopoly) ; also of internal duties,
and of passports ; finally, a full and free opening
of the country to foreign immigration, and the en
couragement of foreign enterprise. In Mexico
fifteen of the twenty-one States already
are in favour of these liberal proposals, and sup-
port the liberal Government, whose head-quarters
appear to be the more important seaport towns.

The other party, which at present holds posses-
sion of Mexico, may be termed the clerical, mo-
narchical, and monopolist party. The first article
of its avowed creed is the inviolability of Church
property, and restitution for past exactions ; the re-
establishment of fueros, rendering the clergy and
army responsible only to their own tribunals ;
making the Roman Catholic religion the exclusive
religion of Mexico, and limiting immigration to
Roman Catholics ; the censorship of the press, high
tariffs, commercial privileges, and, if practicable,
the institution of a monarchy. Strange to say, this
is the party—we trust not in virtue of orders from
home—which our representative has recognised,
though the United States, and foreign residents
generally, except, of course, the old Spaniards,
acknowledge the former party as the legitimate
Government.

MIRAMON is the general, and chief of the Church
party ; JUAREZ, who took the Government in a legal
way on the defection of COMONFORT, is the head
of the Liberal party. He is a civilian, Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court, and his general is DEGOL-
LADO. The latter has just been compelled, through
treachery it would seem, to raise the siege of
Mexico; and MIRAMON and the Church party have
become absolute masters of the capital, and used
their victory with all the brutality of Indian and
Spanish blood combined, under the instigation of
despotic principles and superstition. The liberal
forces are sadly scattered now ; still MIRAmoN
has not felt himself strong enough to attack Vera
Cruz. The cordial acceptance of the proposals of
the Liberal party by the United States authorities
and their even commencing to treat with it on the
bases just mentioned, seem to have both discouraged
and enraged the Church party. They have had expe-
rience of the power of the Union ; they know how
hopeless their cause would be should United States
settlers and Protestant immigrants from Europe
come among them in considerable numbers; and,
probably, the issue will be, that the support of the
stars and sixipes will rally_round the Liberal hosts,
and give poor worn-out Mexico a chance at last.
England can ultimately take but one course.
Old Spaniards, who drove a few poor missionaries
and their black converts from the little useless
island of Fernando Po, which they had colonised,
because her MAJESTY would tolerate only the
Catholic religion in her territories—Spaniards,
may be ready to back the Church and monarchical
party. But the citizens of the great mid mighty
Republic so near at hand will not endure the
creation of both a monarchy and an exclusively
Catholic State on their borders, when they have
the opportunity of establishing, with the good-will
of the m any, a Republic like their own, and one
which shall open all Mexico to their restless and
libl
boundlesseraw ambition. England must lend the
support of her moral aid to the larger and more
iplallelnyable
;antdo tthrieumonpeh.which its great neigh-
bour

It is gratifying to see that the rifle question is
becoming a national one. Town after town, city
after city, is holding it 4 meeting, passing resolu-
tions, and raising subscriptions, while suggestions
are furnished from all quarters. The terms of
General PEEL'S proposals, under an old Act, are, we
should say, rather repressive than encouraging.
They involve so much expense to the volunteers,
and interfere so much with their liberty in the
selection of their officers, and the times of drill and
practice,that the number will, we fear, after all, be
but limited, who will be able to avail themselves of
the present regulations. It is, we think, quite de-
sirable to have volunteer corps of the class which
will be enrolled under these regulations, and already
subscriptions are proffered to meet the case of those

to whom expense is a serious object. Still we sus-
pect that the corps which will now be raised
will consist chiefly of the higher stratum of the
middle class. .There is no objection to this.
Such is the aristocracy of the middle classes that
Mrs. Retired Grocer's or Draper's wife will not know
Mrs. the Actual Grocer's wife ; much less the sons
of doctors, lawyers, and Clergymen mingle freely
with the sons of shopkeepers. Let, therefore, the
elite, as they deem themselves, keep by themselves
if they see fit. We hope, however, a far more com-
prehensive plan and policy will soon find favour.
The few thousands who will be enrolled on the
present plan are not a tithe of what England might
provide to protect our shores. The rifle should be
made popular. That is the point. Teach the people
the use of the rifle as a pleasant entertainment, and
they will soon ask in great numbers to be taught
the additional drill which will make them effective
under orders. The power to do the chief thing, to
use the weapon skilfully, will dispose many to ac-
quire the power to co-operate in its use with others.
Our first object, after securing all we can, as well
as organising volunteer corps, should therefore be
to establish rifle shooting grounds in the vicinity
of our towns. Government should provide them.
They should be open' for free practice to all who
wished to try whether they could become marks-
men. After a certain trial they should
be enrolled for so many hours' practice a
month at times convenient to small knots
of persons. After this they might be
led on to drill in such numbers as circumstances
permitted. What we insist on is, that we might
be a nation of riflemen, and that Government should
take the initiative in making us so. We know that
regular troops and artillery must be relied on to
face the, enemy, nd handle him openly, if Sir Wm.
ARmsinoico will permit him to land. But no one
will deny that tens of thousands of practical marks-
men would be an invaluable support to regular
soldiers. The result of such extensive practice as
we desire would be, that such a 'vast number of
first-rate shots would be developed, who would, of
course, be quickly known, that they could be formed
at any time, if needed, into small select corps, who
would be a deadly fo6, indeed, to any who came
within telescopic range. Who can tell the vast
amount of skill in marksmanship latent amongst
our fine British workmen? It is worth something
to elicit what would be so formidable to all hostile

comers.

MONEY ACCOMMODATION.

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR IN ITALY.
The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

TURIN, MAY 24.

General Gyulai has removed his headquarters to
Garlasco, and has everywhere ordered arms in the
possession of the people to be given up under pain
of shooting in case of non-observance of this order.
The Austrians and Modenese have retired from
Reggio to Brescello, where the Duke of Modena is
making preparations for defence.
Garibaldi has made 47 more prisoners.

PARIS, MAY 25.
The Moniteur of this morning publishes the
Ebllowing telegram :

ALESSANDRIA, May 24.—The wounded at the
battle of Montebello have been brought to this
town.

The Austrian prisoners have been sent to Genoa,
whence they will be forwarded to Marseilles.
Before their departure the Emperor distributed
money among them for their relief.

BERNE, MAY 25.

Revolutionary movements have taken place in
Lombardy. Bontemps, the Swiss General, is going
to-day to Lugano, with the staff of his division,
and all the troops under his command are to follow
him.

MARSEILLES, MAY 24.
The Austrian prisoners have arrived here.

MADRID, MAY 24.
The Prince of Wales has received distinguished
homage at Granada. .
It is asserted that Queen Isabella is enciente.

LEGHORN, TUESDAY.

Prince Napoleon addressed the following procla-
mation to the Tuscan people upon. his arrival in
the port of Leghorn :
" The Emperor sends me to assist you in the war
against your enemies, the oppressors of Italy. My
mission is exclusively of a military nature.
" I shall not occupy myself with your internal
organisation. The sole ambition of Napoleon the
Third is to liberate Italy—to enable her to make
for herself a free constitution, and thus to strengthen
the balance of power in Europe." •

BERNE, M 24,

Garibaldi is advancing to Varese, a town close to
the Swiss frontier, with the object of revolutionis-
ing Lombardy. The inhabitants of Varese have
already disarmed the few Austrian soldiers who
were stationed there.

BERNE, MAY 24.

Advices have been received from Lugano, stating
that the Austrihns have left Como and Milan, and
concentrated themselves on the river Adda.
The French and Sardinians are advancing.

TURIN, MAY 24.

Yesterday evening the enemy pushed forward a
reconnoitring party as far as Borgo d'Ales, without,
however, any result.

At Vercelli an officer of a Moravian regiment,
named Gruber, has been made prisoner.
" Garibaldi has successfully crossed the Ticino,
making many prisoners in the frontier country."
—(Official Bulletin.)

" VIENNA, TUESDAY.

"The Sardo-French troops have retreated across
the Sesia to the western bank of the river. At
Borgo Vercelli a Piedmontese squadron of dragoons
has been put to flight by an Austrian reconnoitring
party.

" Garibaldi entered Varese yesterday evening
with 6,000 men."—(Official bulletin.)

VIENNA, TUESDAY.

The following news from the seat of war has been
received from Gerlasco, the Austrian head-

quarters :

Half a brigade of the enemy stationed opposite
Ceschi has retired across the Sesia.

Precautions have been , taken against Garibaldi,
whose intention was to rouse Como to revolt.

A brilliant exploit has been performed at Vercelli
by an Austrian squadron of lancers.
According to telegraphic advices from the dele-
gation at Como, Garibaldi entered Varese yesterday,
at six p.m., with, 6,000 men, part of which force
marched onwards towards Laveno.

VIENNA, TUESDAY.

The official Wiener Zeitung publishes a letter of
the Emperor to the Archduke Charles Lewis,
Governor of the Tyrol, directing him to prepare the
customary measures for the defence of the Tyrol.
The committee of the Tyrolean provincial diet
has beon increased by the addition of trustworthy
persons, in order by that means to learn the views
of the intelligent patriots.

MARSEILLES, TUESDAY.
Letters have been received from Naples to the
21st inst.

During the last agony of the King troops were
encamped round Caserta. Troops have also been
assembled at Naples, and their generals lodge in the
forts of the town. The Duke of Calabria has
caused several persons to be arrested, charged with
being opposed to his ascending the throne. The
third levy of soldiers has met with great difficulties.
Many of the conscripts have fled to the mountains.
Advices have also been received from Beyrouth.
The Grand Duke Constantine had arri7ed there on
the 9th inst. with six ships.

NAPLES, MONDAY.

Francois 11. has assumed the reins of govern-
ment. Tranquillity prevails throughout the
kingdom.
A letter from Alessandria of the 21st, in the
Constitutionnel, gives the following account of the
combat :—" About one o'clock yesterday afternoon,
the Piedmontese advanced posts, which protect the
allied lines before Voghera, heard the sound of a
cannonade in the direction of the small village of
Castcggio, and at once sent information of the fact
to General Forey. The latter, thinking from the
indications given that it was only a simple recon-
naissance of the Austrians, immediately advanced
with 500 men. That force was thrown out as
skirmishers, and the enemy were soon after seen
advancing to the number of more than 12,000 men,
including a detachment of cavalry and two bat-
teries of artillery. General Forey at once gave
orders for the remainder of his division to advance,
and while the order was being carried into execu•
tion, the 500 men kept the Austrian force in check.
On the arrival of the rest of the division the en-
gagement became general. The artillery could not
act very rapidly in consequence of the bad state of
the ground, but while some guns were being
brought to bear on the main body of the Austrians,
two pieces were pulled up by the artillerymen,
themselves on a small hillock, from which they
were able to sweep the plain with good effect. The
Austrians, having being received and closely attacked
by the French troops, soon after fell back, and were
followed to the village of Montebello, from which
they were dislodged after a vigorous resistance, during
which in no case could they make their superio-
rity of numbers pre, ail. Every house was in turn

attacked, and some severe hand to hand fighting
took place in the streets, The occupation of Mon-
tebello was followed by that of Casteggio. The loss
of the division of General Forey, according to the
accounts which have been as yet received, has been
about 600 hors de combat. The firing took place at
300 yards distant, and almost every shot told, both
sides being provided with rifled muskets. The
force which has comparatively suffered the most is
the artillery ; the men being close together for the
service of the guns were more particularly exposed
to the enemy's shot. The loss in horses has been
exceedingly severe. General Forey was at one
time close to the Austrian lines with only one of
his aides-de•camp, while the other officers of the
staff had gone in different directions to bring up
the remainder of the division ix support of the first
500. In that position the balls were whistling
round him, but he never for a moment ceased to
excite his men ; and when the Austrians began to
give way he ascended a small hillock, and issued his
orders with the most perfect coolness. The Aus•
trims, on leaving the villages from which they
had been driven, proceeded in the direction of Pavia,
carrying with them a number of their wounded.
Further pursuit would have been easy, but General
Forey thought it more advisable to establish strong
posts at Casteggio and Montebello. The latter
village, which commands the plain, is an excellent
position. Other accounts say that it was a want
of cavalry and ammunition which prevented the
French general from following up his advantages.
The division of General Forey is the weakest in
point of number of any of the army of Italy. That
of General Bazaine, which was encamped at a dis-
tance of three leagues, on hearing of the attack of
the Austrians, came up, but by the time it reached
the ground the affair was over. It was the Sar-
dinian cavalry which first gave the alarm to Gen.
Forey, and during the whole time they stood firm
under the fire of the Austrian artillery and mus-
ketry, after having several times charged the
enemy's cavalry in the most determined manner,
and caused them very severe loss. Thus, in half
a century, the Austrians have been twice beaten in
and round the village of Montebello, which gave a
title to Marshal Lannes, one of the bravest generals
of the first empire. Chance would have completed
its work, if it had placed in the division of General
Forey the son of Marshal Lannes, General de Mon-
tebello, now aide-de-camp of the Emperor."

The iilonileur has the following account of the
recent movements of the Emperor :—" The Emperor
at midday on Thursday, the 19th, went out to
reconnoitre Tortona and its environs. This town,
which was formerly fortified, commands the road
from Alessandria to Piacenza. Founded, it is said,
by Brennus, it was burned down by Frederick
Barbarossa, and sustained several memorable sieges.
It is now an open town, which in a military point
of view is only important from its having a bridge
over the Scrivia. On retiring, the Austrians, in
order to check the march of the French, endeavoured
to blow up the bridge ; but, either from want of
time or from their mine having been badly laid,
only part of the roadway was injured, the other
parts remaining intact.
"A company of French military workmen, directed
by the engineers, were immediately sent to re-
establish the communication. The co-operation of
those intelligent and devoted workmen, who form,
so to speak, an auxiliary corps of the army, pro-
mises the best results. From the commencement
of operations they have been anxious to show what
they were capable of doing, and on the arrival of
his Majesty the traces of the damage had almost
entirely disappeared.
The Emperor, after having visited the works
in all their details, testified his satisfaction to the
engineers, and caused a present in money to be
made to the workmen who, by their ability and
activity, had repaired the damage done by the
enemy in less time perhaps than the latter employed
in causing it.
" His Majesty afterwards visited the French
troops who were stationed at a short distance ; and
he was able to see for himself the good health, the
excellent appearance, and the martial attitude of
these soldiers. Several times the Emperor con-
versed familiarly with them, and asked them for
details on all that concerns their welfare. These
marks of the interest which the Emperor feels in
the health of his troops produced a great impression
on them, and they greeted the departure of his
Majesty with enthusiastic cries and bravos.
" The Emperor returned at five o'clock.
" At four o'clock in the morning of Friday, the
Emperor left Alessandria for Casale by railway.
On arriving in that town his Majesty got on horse-
back, and visited the fortifications executed within
the last few years by order of the Sardinian
Government. These works prove that that Go•
vernment has perfectly understood the military
importance of the town, which is situated on the
right bank of the Po, at the junction of the roads
from Milan and Piacenza to Turin. In the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries it was one of the strongest
places of Europe, and with Pignerol and Mantua
gave possession of Italy. It has undergone
numerous sieges, of which the most celebrated was
in 1630. The fortifications of the town were
demolished in 1696, at the peace of Ryswick.

" The Emperor afterwards crossed the river,
made a reconnaisance towards Vercelli, and returned
to Casale, where he had a conference with the
King of Piedmont, who had come to his head-
quarters. After a conversation which lasted nearly
an hour the two Sovereigns separated, and the
Emperor left by railway for Alessandria, where he
arrived at nine o'clock.

" The Emperor, at three o'clock in the afternoon,
left Alessandria to visit the plain of Marengo.
Arrived at the mansion constructed on the very
site of the battle, his majesty alighted from his
carriage, and went to the museum where the arms
found on the field of battle are collected, and he
examined with interest these glorious remains. The
Emperor afterwards visited the chapel, where he
contemplated with emotion the ossuary in which
are collected the bones of the brave soldiers who
immortalised themselves on that celebrated field.

" On leaving the mansion, the Emperor examined
with detail the battlefield. His Majesty recognised
in succession the tetes de pont by which the Aus-
trians debouched into the plain, the positions occu-
pied by Generals Lannes and Victor at the begin•
ning of the action, the rivulet of Fontanone, the
passage of which was so strongly disputed ; the
village of Marengo, and the road from Alessandria
to Piacenza, where Lannes, overwhelmed by num-
bers, defended with obstinate bravery the ground
which he was at last obliged to yield ; San Giuliano,
where Desaix, having returned on hearing
the
report of cannon, stopped the retreat of the French
troops, but where he met his death ; and lastly, the
spot on which Killermann executed the celebrated
flank charge which decided the fate of the day.
The Emperor afterwards returned to Alessandria
by Castel Cerioli, following the road by the side of
the Tanaro, :by which General Ott endeavoured to
turn the French army."

The Piedmontese Gazette publishes the 42d and
43d bulletins, relating to the engagements at Mon-
tebello and Ver They contain the following
additional particulars :—General de Sonnaz had for
some days past been covering the right of the allied
armies with his cavalry, when on the 20th he was
attacked by two strong columns of the enemy.
After an obstinate resistance the Pie lmontese
cavalry retired upon Gossagazzo, where there
were some French infantry. The cavalry returned
six times to the charge, thus retarding the ad.
vance of the enemy. A portion of the division
of General Forey then came up, and retook
Genestillo and Montebello with the bayonet,
being supported by desperate charges of the Pied-
montese cavalry. At Montebello the enemy had
-entrenched themselves in the cemetery and in the
houses. The Piedmontese cavalry pursued the
enemy as far as Casteggio. Colonel Lacretelle,
who had been mentioned among the wounded in
this engagement, is sine dead.

The Journal des Debats, in a letter from the seat
of war, gives the following items of intelligence :
--ft The corps d'armee under Prince Napoleon, in
Tuscany, is to consist of 35,000 men, and will
co-operate with the troops of General Ulloa. The

Austrians have at this moment twenty bridges
thrown over the Po, either to attack or secure
their retreat. The head-quarters is still at Mor-
tara. General Garibaldi, who was the other day
at Biella, above Vercelli, is to operate in the neigh-
bourhood of Lago Maggiore, on the extreme right
of the Austrians, which he will turn. It is Gene-
ral Durando's division of the Piedmontese army
which has occupied Vercelli. The Austrians' at-
tack on Castcggio would favour the conclusion
that they intend to defend vigorously the line be-
tween Pavia and Piacenza. On that point, indeed,
the bulk of the two armies is collected. It 18
reported that General MacMahon has succeeded in
throwing part of his corps tr armee on the left bank
of the Po."

A correspondent of the Siffle, writing from
Turin under date of the 20th instant, gives some
details of an incident which has been already briefly
mentioned :—" The outposts of the enemy being on
the left bank of the Po, opposite Valenza, I could
plainly see from the right bank the movements of
the troops. It was on this spot that one of our
rifled batteries gave the soldiers of Francis Joseph
a specimen of their skill. The Austrians had turned
their field pieces upon a mill, and fired hundreds
of shot during about six hours with very trifling
effect. Our soldiers, who -were watching the firing,
and judged every shot as disinterested spectators,
came to the conclusion that the enemy's outposts
had very indifferent artillery, and were but sorry
gunners. When the Austrians had exhausted their
ammunition in firing at this unfortunate mill, which
is still standing, our men thought it high time to
give them a lesson in the art of firing, and accord-
ingly placed six small cannon in battery. These
guns, firing at a distance of 2,600 metres, were
discharged five times, and the work was done, as of
the palisades and fortifications constructed with so
much labour by the enemy nothing but a heap of
ruins remained. Our rifled guns had fully proved
their destructive power. With such arms the effect
is produced with almost mathematical certainty-
The next day the Emperor came from Alessandria
to Valenza to judge of the effect of the new artillery
by personal inspection. He saw the destruction of Oil
previous evening in all its triumphant reality, and
remained for some time watching the movements of
the enemy, who seemed to be preparing for retreat.
The Emperor was received with enthusiasm on the
part of the people, and an hour afterwards he re-
turned to Alessandria accompanied by two alder
de-camp only. You may easily conceive that this
little affair has further increased the confidence of
both officers and soldiers."

Count Ponza di San Martino, Royal Commis"
sioner Extraordinary for the province of Genoa,
has issued a proclamation, dated Genoa, 18th, t°
the inhabitants of Massa and Carrara, announcing
to them that the King of Sardinia has appointed
him to the same post for those duchies. He further
invites the people to obey their authorities, observe
the laws, and maintain public tranquillity, and
adds that during the war no great reforms in
legislative matters can be effected, and that the
energies of all must be directed against the common
enemy. This proclamation is followed by a decree,
enacting that the laws and administration hitherto
in foice in the duchies shall provisionally contiint).
to be so, and that the present functionaries shall
remain in office. The taxes are provisionallY
maintained, and a budget of receipts and expenses
is to be prepared without delay. The troops are
to be incorporated in the royal army; the present
law of conscription is to cease, and the law of
Sardinia is introduced instead. The local customs
tariffs are abrogated, and those of Sardinia intro-
duced.

Prince Napoleon has published .the following
proclamation to-the Tuscans, dated- on board the
Reine Hortense, at Leghorn, May 23 :
" The Emperor sends me to your country at the
demand of your representatives to support the war
against your enemies, the oppressors of Italy. MY'
mission is exclusively military—l am not to occupy
myself, nor will I occupy myself, with your inter-
nal
butorganisation.n
oe mba ition, that Napoleon
of a
111, has
plisindeclaredhgthat
he feels the
triumph of the sacred cause of the emancipation of
a people, and that he never would be influenced
by family interests. He has declared that the sole
object of France, satisfied with her power, is to
have at her frontiers a friendly nation which will
owe to her her regeneration. If the Almighty:
protects us, and grants us the victory, Italy will
constitute herself freely, and in taking her place.
among nations she will consolidate the balance of
power in Europe. Recollect that there is no sacri-
fice too great when independence is to be the
price of your efforts, and demonstrate to the world
by your union and by your moderation, as much
as by your energy, that you are worthy of being
free.

" The Prince commanding the sth Corps °f
the Army of Italy,
" NAPOLEON (JEROME)•"
The plan of the campaign about to be under-
taken by Prince Napoleon is said to be to march
through the Duchy of Modena, and thence either
to Venice or to Milan, where he will
the
invasion Napoleon. It is alleged here that he
invasion of Modena cannot be considered as a vlo7_
lation of neutrality, inasmuch as the Duke of
Modena has protested against the entrance of the
French into Italy. meet the

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THE SUN.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1859.