The Sun.
London, England, 1866-01-22 00:00:00

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The Growth of Popul fi'--'"'-Tcl'7'l7;—t'- ;1\Z-e:'
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~ , •,.. -,t. , -, ~- In forty years, in the United States, GrN Bri4in
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and France, from 1820 to 1860, is shown to have merd'atbd ,S
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-, -t-fk- ... ~. - -, i ~..- - - ..torr_il-Avitiatarit..., e „ 4+ . ~,„0,. *ei, - , .\\\k, ' — --, -). ~ - lB2O. 1860. '
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- A —.. I .14r 1110 tt.,‘", in,o rt.
/ -4' + United States 9,638,191 31,445,089

Franco

30,461,87 b
36,755,871

Great Britain

20,892,670 28 887 597

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

1. England and Wales 14999,322 20,061,725
2. Scotland 2,091,521 3,061,329

3. Ireland

6,801,827

5,764,543

ess. oil, $19,580 in linseed ditto, $13,692 in olive ditto,
$8,667 in opium, $16,520 in paints, $1,191 in rhubarb,
$6,281 in saltpetre, $13,111 in soda ash, $4,000 in ditto
caustic, $7,915 in vermillion, $9,943 in other, $5,111 in
furs, $25,326 in nuts, $9,360 in prtines, $44,651 in pig
lead, 13,717 in metal goods, s4,o77tin old metal, $47,233
in steel, $16,181 in spelter, lbs.; $32,482 in tin, boxes ;
$7,923 in wire, $5,747 in cassia, $10,089 in books, $10,973;
in paper, $6,957 in other, $4,732 in fustic, $4,099 in log-
wood, lbs. ; $12,451 in mahogany, $27,274 in other,
$47,136 in raisins, $7,416 in musical instruments, $58,925
in jewellery, $39,873 in watches, $15,857 in bristles,
$101,500 in hides, dressed ; $245,331 in ditto, undressed ;
$44,095 in wines, $28,753 in champagne, baskets ; $4,662
in chains and anchors, $7,080 in copper, $33,413 in cut-
lery, $5,814 in guns, $36,007 in hardware, $24,506 in
sheet iron, $38,295 in other ditto, $29,962 in buttons,
$33,674 in cigars, $18,330 in coal, tons; $5,262 in cotton,
bales, $417,772 in coffee, bags, $90,374 in fancy goods,
$21,569 in flax, $60,644 in fish, $18,439 in gunny cloth,
$45,566 in hair, $8,545 in hair cloth, $173,558 in hemp,
$6,194 in hops, $19,348 in indiarubber, $49,475 in ivory,
$12,197 in machinery, $21,630 in molasses, $10,085 in oil
paintings, $5,489 in perfumery, $8,719 in pipes, $26,900
in potatoes, $6,450 in provisions, $16,615 in rags, $11,487
in rice, $7,166 in rope, $7,929 in seeds, $111,033 in hhds.,
bbls., tea, sugar, $173,637 in boxes and bags ditto,
$169,561 in tea, $30,566 in tobacco, $98,797 in wool,
bales.

. .
Dividing three millions into city and county population
the same forty years, outside of the principal cities of
Great Britain, viz.: London, Manchester, Liverpool,
Leeds, Bristol, Birmingham, Glasgow, and Dublin; and
in France, outside of Paris, and in the United States, out-
side of its principal cities, the result is:—

1820. 1860.
In Great Britain 18,611,733 23,736,405
In Franco 29,701,875 35,088,039
In United States 9,068,181 27,354,287
Whereas the growth of population during the same forty
years in the eight above-named principal cities of Great
Britain, in the capital city of France, and in the fifty chief
cities of the United States, is shown to be as follows :
1820. 1860.
Great Britain's eight cities 2,250,937 5,151,192
France's capital city 760,000 1,667,811
United States' fifty cities 570,010 4,000,793
In Great Britain the increase ratio of the country popu-
lation is about 4 to 51, while of the city populationit is 4-
to 9. In France the increase ratio of the country popu
lation is 4 to less than 5, while of the population of Paris
it is 4to almost 9. In the United States the increase ratio
of the country population for the same period, although
rising to 4 to 12, is outstripped by the increase of the
population in cities, which is 4 to nearly 29.
But not only do cities oustrip the country in their
growth, but great cities outstrip the small cities. In Great
Britain, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol, and Bir-
mingham have increased in their aggregate population
from 539,066 in 1820 to 1,651,075 in 1860. London, in
1820, had 1,373,947 inhabitants. The same ratio of in-
crease as those five cities have enjoyed would give her in
1860 about two and a half quarter millions, but she has
gone beyond that mark by half a million, just enough to
make a city of the size of Manchester, the next largest in
the kingdom, and in 1860 had a population of 2,750,000.

Foreign exchange is inactive. Leading bankers ask
1091 net for 60 days' sterling bills. We quote :—Bills at
60 days on London, 108 to 1081 for documentary; 1081 to
109 for commercial ; 1091 1091 for bankers ; ditto at short
sight 1101 to 1101 ; Paris at 60 days, sf. 181 c. to 5f 15c. ;
ditto at short sight, sf. 121 c. to sf. 11/c.; Antwerp, 5f 18/c.
to sf. 161 c. ; Swiss, sf. 161 c. ; Hamburg, 61 to 361; Am-
sterdam, 401 to 41; Frankfort, 401 to 41; Bremen, 791 to
791; Prussian thalers, 711 to 711.
Notwithstanding the severe losses of the year the
Hanover Fire Insurance Company pays a dividend of 5
per cent. to its stockholders, payable on demand.

Glasgow, the chief city of Scotland, has increased three-
fold in the same period, far surpassing its rivals, while the
country has increased fifty per cont. Dublin has risen
from 185,000 to 250,000 steadily, despite the fluctuations
of population. In the United States the uniformly more
rapid concentration of population in the great central
cities at large is still more strikingly manifest, as thus :

January Interest on the State Debt.—Tho Governor,
Auditor, and Treasurer of the State have negotiated a
loan with the First National Bank of this city for the
amount of money required to pay the January interest on
the Indiana State debt—sl6o,ooo. Four notes were
given, running 90 days from the 26th of December inst.
TIM FRANKFORT MONEY-MARKET. - The Times of
Monday states that advices from Frankfort mention that
a sudden change had occurred on the Bourse, money
having become comparatively abundant. In stock trans-
actions advances were to be obtained at 4 to 5 per cent.,
while the terms for discount in the open market had re-
ceded to 5} per cent., or I below the Bank rate. The
stringent measures taken by the Bank against bills for
speculative purposes had begun to tell, and the circulation
was now considerably reduced. The high rate current in
London, however, is stated to have led to the creation of
a new sort of bills, which holders deposit with the
bankers and draw against, so that they pay only the Bank
rate of 51, instead of the London charge of 8 per cent.
Notwithstanding the recent condition of the money-mar-
ket, all 4 per cent. bonds of German States have reached
nearly par, and the 3f per cent. 90 to 92, from the direct
investment of capitalists. Some descriptions are not any
longer to be procured at all. Part of the dividends falling
due are invested in American bonds, but not on so large
scale as was lately the case.

1820. 1860.
Forty-eight principal cities 439,129 3,009,818
Seven larger cities 266,361 1,452,524
New York, Brooklyn, Williams-
burg, Jersey City, &c. 130,671 1,110,410

A Fenian Ambassadress in Liverpool and

Dublin.

A good deal has been said, and not a little has been be-
lieved, to the effect that the Fenian movement has been
crushed out in the British Isles by the vigorous efforts
made by the imperial Government ; but the stubborn logic
of facts emphatically contradict that pleasing belief. It is
true that the means of written communication between
the members of the Fenian Brotherhood, as well as the
more dangerous transmission of money and munition of
war, have been all suppressed by the steps adopted on
behalf of the authorities ; but this has not by any means
prevented the transmission of intelligence and advice as
to the mode in which the movement can be most effec-
tively promoted both in America and in Ireland. In point
of fact, it is scarcely a secret that agents or " ambassa-
dors," as they are styled, pass weekly between Liverpool
and New York. These parties carry no documents of any
kind of material or article by which the officers of Govern-
ment could identify them with any treasonable purpose,
but they are supplied with such instructions as enable
them to communicate orally the wishes and behests of the
leaders of the movement, as to maintain a mutual under-
standing, and a completely consentaneous course of action
among the parties on both sides of the Atlantic. In Liver-
pool it is also an ascertained fact that a gentleman of con-
siderable attainments acts as kind of charge d'affitires to the
body, receiving and despatching property to accredited
agents to and fro between this town and New York. A
new phase of this guise diplomatic arrangement has just
made itself known here. In course of last week, a lady-
like person of engaging manners and prepossessing aspect
arrived in Liverpool by one of the steamers from New
York. The lady was unaccompanied, had but a moderate
amount of luggage for a "lady traveller," her baggage
consisting of two neat but not large trunks, and a glazed
leather satchel. She wore no crinoline, and on the voyage,
while evincing great general intelligence and good breed-
ing, spoke in disparaging terms of it and those who were
its slaves. On arriving in Liverpool she was conveyed to
a first-class hotel, where she spent the remainder of file
day of her arrival and the succeeding night. On the- fol-
lowing day she left this town for Dublin, travelling via
Holyhead. Soon after her arrival the lady placed herself
in communication with the resident diplomatic gentleman
already referred to, with whom she had an interview of
about a quarter of an hour's duration. She also gave
evidence to another gentleman not so refined, but well
known for his Fenian partialities. The lady, it is said,
was none other than the somewhat notorious Ellen A.
O'lfahony, who recently issued au address to the Fenian
Sisterhood nf Nov York, calling on them to contribute to
the very utmost of their power the moans requisite to aid
in equipping a fleet and raising an army for the political
regeneration of Ireland. The history and antecedents of
this lady are also said to be both singular and interesting.
She is stated to be the only living representative of an
ancient and much respected Irish family, but consequent
on the social and political partialities of her ancestry the
patrimonial property which she should have inherited has
passed into alien hands. For this the lady holds the
British Government responsible, and has taken strange
means, at different times, to demonstrate her wrongs as
well as her claims. Some years ago she was well known
in Dublin, where, on account of her accomplishments,
presumed sufferings, and the sympathy which her family
connections created, she was received into the best society
of the Irish metropolis. She proceeded to London after
leaving Dublin, and there her family prestige and engag-
ing manners secured for her entre to good society. Subse-
quently she went to America, and eventually settled in
Now York. When the Fenian movement was commenced
in that city, instigated by her alleged wrongs, she warmly
espoused it, and being known to and respected by many of
her countrymen there, she was able to render the Fenian
cause great service in the way of obtaining recruits, and
procuring pecuniary contributions to the funds. This
made her extremely popular with the loaders, and one of
the last acts of the Fenian Executive in New York was to
accredit Ellen A. Olfahony—which, it is needless to say,
is not her name—as ambassadress from the American
Fenian Irish Republic to the Brotherhood in Ireland. To
enable her to discharge the functions of this office it is said
she has been endowed with full discretionary power, to
aid the movement by any means which in her judgment
appears best suited to promote it. The lady is now under-
stood to be in Dublin. How or when she may make any
public appearance it is at present impossible to say, but
those acquainted with her and her antecedents consider
she will have considerable influence with her countrymen
and her countrywomen.—Liverpool Post.

The Boston Post says :--:-,, Charles Dickens con-
templates a visit to America during the next spring or
summer."

CUTTING HIS NOSE OFF TO SPITE HIS FACE !
Referring to the rumoured resignation of the Un-
der Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in a huff at Mr.
Giischen's promotion, the Spectator acidly remarks : Mr.
Layard's course is of no earthly importance to anybody
except himself and the electors of Southwark, but we pro-
test against the assumption that the Government is a
service' in which people are to rise by seniority. It is
bad enough that the ruling committee should be selected
only from the six hundred and odd gentlemen who can
contrive to please constituencies, but if it is to be limited
to the two dozen mon in minor office, we may bid fare-
well to originality. As well say that ten years of prose-
writing give a man a claim to the Poet Laureateship."

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