The Sun.
London, England, 1832-01-06 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

ANNUAL OBITUARY FOR 1831.
This is a book which, for obvious reasons,
ery gentleman should have in his library. It
a record from year to year of the eminent men
to have departed from among us, and whose
sees know them no more. The lives are
xtly original, partly compilation, but are all
reeably written, and in a spirit of perfect im-
xtiality. The most amusing, certainly the most
iaracteristic memoir in the volume, is that of
r Joseph Yorke, whose broad, blunt humour
is so often enlivened a dull debate in the
:ouse of Commons. At the end of the volume
Biographical Index is added, which contributes
uch to its completeness and utility.

PORTED DEATH OF THE DUKE OF
WELLINGTON.

Last night and this morning it was very currently re-, rted in the city, and at the West end of the town, that
e Duke of Wellington was no more, he having expired
Apeley-house at ten o'clock last night. fhe rumour
read like wildfire, and much confidence was placed in
The intelligence was communicated to the Duke of
chroond, at the Post-office, this morning, and his Grace
mediately forwarded a special messenger to Apsley-
use to make inquiries after the Noble Duke. Mes-
3gers were also sent from the Government Offices, upon
e same mission, and the answer given, we are happy to say,
mpletdy negatived the rumour, as his Grace, although
'quid and weak from bleeding and blistering, was doing
01. The special messenger from the Duke of Richmond
turned with an answer, given by his Grace himself, who
id that he was happy to say he felt much better, and
at he had some thoughts of going to Strathfieldsaye. Sir
airy Halford and Dr. Hume visited his Grace this
mning.

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING. JANUARY 6 1832.

CHOLERA 11ORBUS, OFFICIAL REPORT.

COUNCIL OFFICE.-(THIS DAY.)
DAILY REPORT of CHOLERA CASES,
SUNDERLAND, JAN. 4, 1832.
Remained at last report I
New cases 0

Total

Died--
0
Recovered 0

Remaining at this date, 8 o'clock A.ll I
From the Commencement of the Disease, on Oct. 26, 1831.
Cases, 531—Died, 200.
NEWCASTLE, Jay. 4.
Remained at last report ll6
New cases

Total . 145

Died 6
Recovered

Remaining at this date, 8 o'clock A.ll 120
From the Commencement of the Disease, on Dec. 7, 1831.

Cases, 511.—Died,
GATESHEAD, JAN. 4.

Remained at last report 99
New cases
Died
Recovered
Remaining at this date ...................
From the Commencement of the Disease.
Cases, 310.—Died, 93.

NORTH SHIELDS AND TYNEMOUTH, J►N. 4.
Remained at last report 8
New cases
Died............ 0
Recovered 0
Remaining at this date
From the Commencement of the Disease.
Cases, :3.—Died, 16.

HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING AND PENSHER, JAN. 4.
Remained at last report II
New cases n
Died o
Recovered 4

Remained at this date
From the Commencement of the Disease.
Cases, 40.—Died, 21.
HAI)DINGTON, N. 8., JAN. a
Remained at last report 5
New cases 2
Died 2
Recovered 0
Remaining at this date
From the Commencement of the Disease.
Cases, 21.—Died, 7.

(Signed)

WM. MACLEAN, Secretary.

The Revenue for the quarter just ended has
been published, and presents a deficiency of
903,2181. as compared with the corresponding
quarter of last year. This it must be con-
fessed is a greater falling off than the public
had anticipated, but then it should be re-
collected that a very large remission of taxes
took place, and that the effect has had time
to come into full operation. The Beer and
Leather duties, together with the Coal tax,
amount to far more than the total loss in the
year's Revenue, which is 3,984,1751., or four
millions in round numbers. The decrease in the
Excise for the year amounts to 2,564,9001.,
and on the last quarter to 565,646/. ; the de-
crease in the Customs for the year is 1,006,8461.
and on the quarter 240,9721. These sums ap-
pear at first sight undoubtedly large, but then
so is the reduction made. Besides, the past year
has been fruitful in calamity of a domestic as
well as of a political character. The prevalence
of the Cholera in the North of Europe, added to
the sanguinary war in that quarter, tended very
much to restrict our commercial intercourse ;
while the constant agitation of the Reform ques-
tion at home impaired public confidence, and
paralysed industry in every department of trade,
manufactures, and agriculture.
With these and other drawbacks it is not to be
wondered at that the Revenue should be affected :
but while we admit these we are not blind to the
vicious system which still pervades many of the
Revenue departments, nor the defective principle
upon which many of the existing taxes were
imposed. A more liberal principle is, however,
developing itself, and when fairly acted on must
infuse fresh vigour into our productive industry,
while it cannot fail of improving the Revenue.
In the Stamp department, for example, we
find an increase fur the last quarter of 16,3301.
(the only branch in which there is any increase),
while for the year there is a decrease of 104,381/.
This is a clear proof that some alteration is
required in this branch of the Revenue. Indeed
Lord ALTHottP intimated as much last year,
but he has not yet found leisure or inclination
to redeem his promise I Whether the next
Budget may realize the expectations of the
country we cannot presume to say, but certainly
his Lordship is bound, in common justice,
to look to his own character, if not to the
public interest, in a matter where so much
forbearance has been shown. His Lordship is a
great, and we readily believe, a sincere advocate
for the diffusion of knowledge—when then can
he have or ever hope to have a better oppor-
tunity for giving effect to his virtuous dis-
position than while Chancellor of the Exche-
quer—at the very head of that Board whose
especial duty it is to superinted the administra•
tion of the taxes ? The fact is, that the Stamp
Taxes have been altogether pushed to an extre-
mity—and consequently demand a strict and
liberal revision. lithe duty were not so exurbitan
in several instances that more effectually touch the
public, we are persuaded the Revenue would
be no loser, but rather a gainer by the change to
a moderate tax. But it will be of little use
for Lord ALTHORP, in any alterations he may
contemplate, to take the sole advice of parties
who are officially interested in the continuance
of the present system. In saying this we mean
no disrespect to any parties whatever, but our
wish is merely to impress on his Lordship the
necessity of drawing his inferences from
as extended a basis of information as pos-
sible before coming to any definitive con-
clusion. His duty is to consult the pub-
lic welfare generally—not partially : he must,

therefore, found his views upon principles of
a reciprocal nature—to remit where remission
will reproduce by encouraging industry and
stimulating enterprise—always bearing in mind
that those taxes are not the most desirable which
promise immediate revenue, but eventually hn-
poverish and exhaust the sources of production.
While on this subject we may remark that
Government will do wisely to encourage the
formation of rail-roads generally throughout the
kingdom ; for there can be no doubt that the
greater the facility afforded to trade and
commerce, the greater will be the consump-
tion of all sorts of taxable commodities, and,
consequently, the more abundant returns
to the Revenue. Indeed, we do not see why
Government might not itself form the main lines
of a Grand National Railway, and turn it to
a source of revenue. This would be far better
than taking the turnpike roads under its
care, as stated some time ago. The only ob-
jection that can be urged against the plan is,
perhaps, that it might interfere with commercial
freedom, which to be useful should be as un-
limited as possible. But in a commercial as
well as a military point of view, we think
that the promotion of rail-roads is every
way desirable. In the first place it would be
serviceable by employing a large number of people
—and in the next it would be beneficial from
its enduring economy. With four or five main
lines of rail-road branching from London to the
North, East, South, and West, troops might
be conveyed with such rapidity to any important
point, that an army of 30,000 men in time
of peace would be more effective than our pre-
sent enormous establishment of upwards of
100,000 men. And what would be effective in
peace must, on the same principle, be propor-
tionably so in war, more particularly when
our insular position is considered—all places
radiating on the metropolis as a centre.
And what serious objection is there to this
national improvement ?—Patronage !—though
the reduction of the army would be desirable as
a matter of economy, saving three millions an-
nually, yet it would be objected to by the borough-
mongers as limiting the field of glory and gain
for their friends and dependents This is the
true objection—but then, as Lord ALTHORP
has said that the days of patronage are past—
why not act upon his own honest principle of
doing the most for the country, by at least
trying every plan that is likely to promote its
prosperity, by limiting its expenditure, and
thereby increasing its resources ?

The boroughmongers have not been idle
during the recess, even the festivities of the
season have been made subservient to their
animosity against Reform, and at all their meet-
ings, clubs, and coteries, they still boast the
Bill will be ruined, or again thrown out in the
Lords. The alterations in the present Bill, even
when to the effect suggested by themselves,
obtains from them no support, abates none of
their acrimony,—nor ever will. Whenever Re-
form is the question, every boroughmonger is
like a culprit tied to the halberts, " strike high,
strike low," there is no hitting any part that
pleases him.
One ground on which they oppose the Re-
form Bill is, that property, not persons, ought
to be represented ; and, by way of illustration, a
contemporary, whose columns overflow with the
foam and froth of the boroughmongers,
instanced Old Sarum,—Old Sarum ! that has
neither houses nor inhabitants ! We entertain
no disrespect towards the Members for that
venerable mound of earth and stones, who, if
they have included rotten boroughs among their
speculations, have doubtless reaped the benefit,
and hare no right to complain when the market
turns against them ; but if their wealth were
tripled, and again tripled, —the aggregate pro-
perty of England being made the basis of re-
presentation, it would not give them any right
to nominate two Members to the Commons
House of Parliament. According to the bo-
roughmongers, the only property that has a
right to be represented is pelf, plundered from
the pockets of the people, centered in the hands
of individuals,—millions, and tens of millions
of property, when shared among millions of
British subjects, are not entitled to any such
privilege,—oh ! no,—the persons and property
of the KING'S subjects, ought always to be
left to the tender mercies of the borough-
mongers, which, however, being well understood,
the nation has resolved no longer to endure.
Another favourite cry among the Tory Peers
is that they will not be intimidated,—like Fal-
stryi; they will do nothing " on compulsion,"—
as if any man or set of men ever yet did any
thing disagreeable to themselves, unless on some
compulsion physical or moral. We do not dis-
pute he personal courage of the Noble Lords,
which, however, they only share in common
with the humbler classes of mankind ; but we
doubt whether a Russian boor would not face
the slaughter of a murderous cannonade with as
much unflinching courage as any of their Lord-
ships. The courage in which the Peers of
England have, on the day of trial, been found
wanting, is the MORAL COURAGE to do an act
of JUSTICE to the whole body of their country-
men. The courage that would loosen all the
bonds that link society together, and court the
consequences, in the base hope of retaining in
the conflict the power to pillage and plunder
their fellow-subjects, by filling the House of
Commons with their retainers, has more affinity
to that of the bravo and the brigand, than the
chivalrous courage, to which, for the honour of
their order, and the welfare of the State, we
trust a majority of their Lordships will shortly
prove a better title than empty, boasting, insolent
pretension.

On the part of Government, there has been
no lack of the suaviter iu modo,—the public
now demand they should display the fortiter
in re. Supported by the KING,—a triumphant
majority in the House of Commons,—an una-
nimity unexampled among the people,—backed
by all that is respectable among the Aristocracy,--
opposed only by a handful of parvenu Peera and

upstart boroughmongers, engendered in the
corruption they seek to perpetuate, Reform can
only be lost (or rather again delayed, for lost it
cannot be) by a gross dereliction of duty on the
part of those who preside at the helm of the
State,—but after the declarations made, the
pledges given, we cannot believe Ministers will
shrink from discharging the duty they owe to
their SOVEREIGN, to their country, to themselves,
to their living reputation, their posthumous fame,
or fail by a legitimate exercise of the powers of
Government, to swamp the boroughmongers in
their last, and only held, the HOUSE OF LORDS.

German Papers state that the expedition
under IBRAHIM PAcIJA had anchored at Tri-
poli. The army had marched for Jerusalem.

Lisbon Papers, to the 22d of December, have
been received. Don MIGUEL is sadly afraid of
the arrival of Don PEDRO'S expedition, and
does all he can to win the favour of the army.
Nothing in the way of defence is left undone, but
acquiring the good will of the people.

A smart discussion took place in the
French Chamber of Deputies respecting the
Civil List and the amount demanded by
the KING, who is censured for having made
over all his property as Duke of OR-
LEANS to his children before he assumed the
Crown of France. This did not bespeak the
good faith of Lours PHILIP in the duration
of things. He made assurance doubly sure
before trusting fortune, and displayed more
prudence than magnanimity.
In the course of the discussion, M. DE
SCHONEN stated the following to be the amount
of the property ceded by the Duke of ORLEANS
to his children, on his being called to the
Throne :
Revenue of personal property belonging

_
to their father 335,505f. 92c.
Revenue from the estates of the late
Duchess Dowager of Orleans
Revenue from property acquired by the
King

Total 1,489,607f. 28c.
FRENCH Fwins.-PARIS, JAN. 3 -Five per Cents. 95f. 75c.
90c. 80c. The. 50c. 70c. 80c. 70c. 75c. 95f. 60c.75c. 65c. 75c. 70c.
75c. 80c 00c.; Four per Cents. Slf. 25c. ; Three per Cents., Mil
60c. 85c. 80c. 70c. 80c. 75c. 80c. 85c 80c. 06f. 85c. 90c. 80c. Ssc.
90c. 80c. 75c. 80c. 90c. 66f. 80c. 67f. 66f. 90c. ; Bank Stock, 1,605 f.
1,6001. 1,605 f. 1,600 f. 1,605 f. 1,610 f. 1,6051. ; Rente de Naples, 76 .
76f. 40e. 30c. 25c. 40c. 70f. 45c. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 71 74
Si y 4 , Bente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 5334 3i 51 5404 ; Ex-
change on London, one month, paper, 251.40 c. ; money, 25f. 40c.;
three months, paper, 25f. 25c. ; money, 25f. 25c.-Cours Aulhen.

The following are extracts from Dutch and
Hamburg Papers, just received (three o'clock) :
SECOND CHAMBER or THE STATES'. GENERAL.

THE HAGUE, DEC. 30.-The project of law regulat
ing the ordinary expenditure for 1832, was adopted by a
majority of thirty-five to thirteen. In the same sitting
and that of Saturday, several laws relative to shales
on spirits, soap, sugar, bte. were adopted by large
majorities. In the sittings which took place on Mon-
d ty, the 2d of January, the law for the levy of th.
National Militia was adopted by forty-two to forty-four
votes; and thst on Tuesday, the 3d of January, ate pro-
ject of law for the extraordinary expenditure of 1832 was
adopted by a majority of forty- four to four.
Thediscussion of the ways and means to commence on
the 4th.

The First Chamber announced, that it agreed to the
financial laws sent up to it from the Second Chamber.
THE HAGUE, JAN. 3.—We hear that the corps of the
army in the field will soon be removed farther back, by
which several districts will he much relieved, and other-
which have been nearly free from troops will be occupied.
Lieutenant-General Van Geen to have his head-quart-rs
at Breda, the Duke of Sixe-Weimar at Eindhoven, and
General Meyre at Friburg.

♦MSTERDAM, JAN. 3.

Actual Debt, 234 per cent. 4O to 41.1,4
Amort Syndic, 4% per cent 664 to 117
Ditto, ditto, 314 per cent.

HAMBURG, DEC. 30. —BOASEN- HALLE, HAM,
PAST Two o'cLocx.—Since our last the Corn Market has
been very inanimate, which may be partly ascribed to its
being Christmas week.

Weight. Rix-dollars.
Wheat, Anhalt, white ll5 to 122 120 to 134)
--- red 117 to 127 120 to 130
- I3runswick l2O to 125 122 to 134
Mecklenburgh
Holstein, red 118 to 125 112 to 130
--- Lower Elbe 116 to 123......115 to Mt
Our Stuck Market has been heavy to-day, Discount
61 per cent.
End of December.
- - - -

Anglo-Danish Loan 3 per Cent.
Anglo-Russian Loan 92%
Hamburg-Russian Loan
Russian Inscription, 5 per Cent.
Russian Inscription, 1831
Polish Bonds ... ll5
Austrian Bank Shares 1140
Ditto Metalliques
New Austrian 4 per Cents 76

OLD BAILEY.-(THIS DAY.)

OLD COURT.
MURDER OF MRS. WALSH.

Edward Cooke, aged 50, and Eliza Ross, aged 38,
were placed at the bar, and arraigned before the Deputy
RECORDER, upon an indictment charging them with the
wiltul murder of Caroline Walsh, otherwise Caroline
Welsh, on the 19th of August last.
The prisoners appeared not to be affected by their awful
situation. They pleaded "Not Guilty," in a firm voice.
Mr. BODKIN opened the case for the prosecution.
Mr. ADOLPH US detsiled the particulars of the case, which
he said was one of the most extraordinary that ever oc-
curred in the annals of crime. The Learned Counsel then
went through the whole of the circumstances with great
minuteness. In allusion to the evidence of the pri-
soners' son, he said, he must acknowledge that that
boy's testimony was the most important in the whole case.
'Edward Cooke, the son of the prisoners, was then
called. As be passed the dock the prisoners turned round
to him, and the woman spoke something to him, but we
could not hear what it was. He was a fine, clean-looking
boy. He was examined by Mr. BCDICIPT.-Before
Au-
gust lust Ilia father and mocha.- and he lived in Red Lion-
court. He knew a woman called Ann Butt!). In
Goodman's-yard they had the upper room in the house.
There was only one room on each floor. Had seen an old
woman in company with Ann Buton ; the old woman
used to sleep with Ann Buton; witness did not know
the old woman's name, but she used to carry a basket
about the streets with matches and other things in it. On
a Friday in August the old woman came to witness's room ;
it was to his bt-lief the same day Ann Buton came to en-
quire about the old woman. Witness came home from
school at five o'clock, and it was after that time that the
old woman came. His mother, father, the old woman, and
himself were in the room. Some beer was drank. There
was some coffee had about nine o'clock at night. The old
woman drank one cup of coffee and then laid herself
on the bed, which was on a bedstead. He did not notice
if she went to bed. Witness always slept with his father
and mother in the same bed. After the old woman had
laid down on the bed half an hour his mother went towards
her, clapped her hand to the old woman's mouth, and
kept her band there about half an hour. (The female pri-
soner here spoke several times in a low muttering tone,
but we could not hear what she said.) She put one hand
on the old woman's mouth, and the other somewhere
about her chest; After about half an hour she took
her hands off ; during the whole of th it time his
mother was stooping down towards the old woman. While
his mother was doing this, witness walked to the
window and looked at the old woman, whose eyes he saw
rolling: he believed that it was when his mother took her
band off that be saw the old woman's eyes rolling. He
never heard the old woman speak or see her move after-
wards. lie had seen two or three dead persona before;
this old woman he thought was dead. His father was
standing looking
out of the window during this time.
Just before his mother got up from the fire to go to the bed,
his father got up and went to look out of the window.
He was leaning on the window, and looking out of it.
Witness was standing with his back to the fire, and the
window was opposite to him. The bed was between him
and the window. While his mother was near the bed
she said something about some hospital, but he could not
tell whether she spoke to the old woman or his father.
Neither of them answered her. After that his mother