The Sun.
London, England, 1866-09-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDOIS, FRIDA.Y EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1866.

of evalh are often the most favoured by fortune ;
but it. is a striking instance of what presumption
will do when we meet with this reply of King WIL-
LIAM. First of all, Prussia goes to war to suit her
purposes, then she turns round and declares that
she has made such " heavy sacrifices," that
tcriitory must be annexed, and sums paid
to a very considerable extent in order
to indemnify her for her losses—losses, be it
borne in mind, which no one called on her to make.
The treatment of Saxony is also very discreditable
to the Berlin Government, and, if possible, it is
still more unpardonabble than their behaviour to
llanover, because it was expressly stipulated that
that little kingdom was to preserve its integrity.
The Emperor of AUSTRIA, in giving up so much
with a good grace, made a proviso in favour of
Saxony, and the French E3IPEROR took more pains
in this matter than in any other part of the treaties.
We now sec of what avail these efforts and exhorta-
tions have been. Count BIs3IARE requires that the
King of PRUSSIA shall have the absolute command
of the Saxon army both in peace and war, and that
the troops shall take their oath of allegiance to that
Monarch. Further more Prussia is to employ them
as she deems advisable, both in peace or war, and
even make them perform garrison duty in any
part of his territories. However stern these condi-
tions, he is to have leave to garrison
the fortifications of Saxony with Prussian
troops, and destroy or alter them at his will.
No wonder that there has been some demur made
to these intolarable demands. It is said that some
settlement is arrived at, of what nature does not yet
transpire, but in the meantime we may safely affirm
that it is a piece of perfect treachery on the part of
Prussia, and that the French EMPEROR has been in-
sulted, and the Austrians are befooled in the affair.
The Berlin Government are acting the tyrant to
perfection, and may find, as that character generally
does, NEMESIS spring up when and where it is least
expected, for it is not likely that such a course of
misrule can long continue unchecked or unmolested.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Thursday Evening.

The Moniteur publishes some documents which
prescribe the regulations made by the treaty between
Austria and Prussia relative to the exchange of
prison°rs of war. They also relate to the arrange-
ments for railway communication. The Prussian
troops are on the march in various directions on
their return home. On the 18th inst. there will
not be a single foreign soldier, with the exception
of the wounded, in Bohemia or Moravia. The first
corps left by Oderberg, the second by Gorlitz, and
the fourth from Brunn, by Prague. The guards
are expected to arrive at Berlin about the 15th.
All these troops pursue their journey by railway.
The army of the Maine will remain for some time
in its present quarters.

The German papers give some explanation rela-
tive to the delay which took place in the conclusion
cf the treaty of peace between Prussia and Hesse
Darmstadt. The Grand Duke had to choose be-
tween the loss of Upper Ilesse cr the dimissal of his
Minister, Baron du Dalwi,gk, who was opposed to
the cession of the territories of Biedenkopf and
Meisenheim. Another difficulty arose out of a
claim made by the Grand Duke to retain as com-
pensation the territory of Nauhein, which formerly
-was included in the territory of the Electorate.
However, there were mutual concessions and ar-
rangements, and peace is now concluded.

The calculation of the Moniteur was that the an-
nexation of Venetia would give to Italy an increase
of population to the extent of two millions. An
Italian paper gives the following as the accurate es-
timate of the population of the provinces of Venetia.
Venice, 294,454 ; Verona, 217,855 ; Padua,
304,732 ; Vicenza, 527,784 ; Trevisa, 308,483 ;
Rovigo, 180,646 ; Belluna, 167,229 ; Udina,
484,542 ; Mantua, 154,800. Total, 2,493,475.
These provinces comprise 842 communes. In the
present kingdom of Italy there are 7,868. The
total number will now be 8,710.

One of the papers states that the manufacture of
guns proceeds with great activity. The needle-gun
has been succeeded by a gun upon a new principle
which may be fired seven times in a minute. The
mode in which this gun is to be employed will neces-
sitate new instructions in the use of the arm. Some
of the troops now undergo the new exercise. One
great advantage of this gun is that the bayonet may
be used with it even with more facility than with
the old gun. The gun is so constructed that it may
be fired with great precision.
Further accounts have been received of calamities
from the storms. Near the canton of Neumatt, in
Alsace, a father, two of his sons, and a servant
took refuge under a tree. The father, the eldest
son, and the woman was struck dead. The younger
son was paralyzed for a time, but was afterwards
able to go to the village and give the alarm. Num-
bers hastened to give assistance, but it was of no
avail. The occurrence has created much conster-
nation in the locality.
There has been a murder at mid-day in the mar-
ket at Levroux, in the department of the Indre.
A man who kept a chemist's shop had for some time
annoyed a married woman with his infamous pro-
posals. She had children, and, with her husband,
lived within a few doors of the assassin. On the
previous evening he had renewed his proposals,
which had been refused with more than usual
indignation. The woman went the next morn-
ing to draw some water from the fountain
in the market 'place, according to custom. The
wretch was on the watch for her armed with a gun,
and while she stooped down to draw water he fired.
The ball entered the back and went through the
chest. The poor woman died in a few minutes. The
assassin awaits his trial in the prison of Chateauvoux.
The weather to-day has been warm and beautiful
By exception the sun has been shining all day, and
there has not been any rain. The Observatory cal-
culations, however, speak of unusual derangement
in the barometer, with frequent and rapid changes.
Winds and storms have prevailed with great vio-
lence in the Baltic and on the Eastern coasts of the
sea. Stormy indications exist likely to bring about
more bad weather in the English channel. The
arrival of papers and letters this week from Eng-
land has not been so regular as usual. There have
been some shocks of earthquake in the south of
France.

An artful beggar, well known as Father Antonin,
has come to grief. For years past he has been well
known in all quarters of Paris as hopelessly deformed
and helpless, and money has not been wanting to
console him for his deformity. Chance, however,
has led to the discovery that although like the crook-
backed tyrant Richard, he appeared to have been
made up lamely and unfashionably by Nature, it
was a journeyman of art who was guilty of his
construction. The other day, as usual, he was creep-
ing on the ground, moaning and groaning, like an
unearthly being, craving for money from the charit-
able. It seems that his habit was to resort to abuse
when solicitation was unsuccessful. A gentleman
who neglected to comply with his appeal for charity
was assailed with oaths and imprecations. Being
somewhat annoyed he gave the crooked blasphemer
into custody on the charge of begging, which in
France as in England is in strictness construed to
be contrary to law. When the police officer took
the hunchback into custody, he said he had not been
begging. He was following his trade which was
to offer up prayers for those who assisted him.
This was true to a certain extent, for he prayed
heartily when he got money, and cursed with equal
fervour when refused. It was because the gentleman
was rather displeased at being cursed so perseveringly
that he resorted to the assistance of a policeman.
That officer, however, when told by the prayer
seller that such was his trade, asked him for his
license, such a document being necessary to carry
on any trade whatever in France, and on his being
unable to produce the authority said he should take
him to the Commissary of Police on the charge of
exercising his calling unlawfully. While searching

the prayer seller, the police discovered that his de-
formity was a sham. The hunch on his back was
pasteboard, and all his other apparent terrible defor-
mities arose from mechanical contrivances. They
discovered that although he could not fairly be
classed as an upright man, yet, if bent and crooked,
it was he himself who was the architect of his appa-
rent deformity. However the crooked man has
been conveyed straight to prison.

VENETIA.

(From the Times Military Correspondent)
VERONA, Sept. 1.

All friends of Austria must rejoice that she has
been driven out of the false position she has held in
Italy, and that her yoke is to be removed from those
whom she has so long held in bondage—for bondage
it must always be called when knowledge has to be
kept from an intelligent people. Here, at Verona,
no Italian newspaper can enter unless it is smug-
gled, and the ignorance of the inhabitants is some-
thing quite startling. Yesterday, on my return
from Milan, I placed the Gazette in a conspicuous
position in a handbag, and though the order of the
Archduke Albrecht opens the way to many: things
that would otherwise be impossible, this one cannot
be allowed. An infernal machine or a torpedo
might possibly be admitted, but a newspaper—
« Gott bewahr I" Though not nominally in the line
of demarcation during the truce, Peschiera is actually
the spot where the possessions still held by Austria
end, and those of the Italians begin. Railways
have laws of their own on these subjects, and it
would be difficult to stop a train on the bare line,
and cause the passengers to dismount for an hour,
while their status and the possibility of admitting
them were being determined; but the Garibaldini
remain at one station's distance from Peschiera, nor
do the Austrian officers seek to penetrate into the
enemy's lines. But it is unfair to call them
enemies, for it is certain that the two nations are
intended by nature and geographical position to
be friends. This is sufficiently well understood
north of the Alps, and Austria is doubtless prepared
to make great concessions, if by any means she
mhy win the hearts of the Italians. But she has
added to the cup already overflowing the last drop
of bitterness, by defeating the Italian forces both by
land and sea, and the Southern press is never tired
of taunting their own Government, army and navy,
with the disasters that have attended their arms
both at Custozza, Lissa, and in the Tyrol; for among
the mountains General Kuhn not only held his own
but struck out right and left at the adversaries at-
tempting to advance on both sides of him. Though
Austria lost the campaign in the North, partly
through the fault of her Generals, and partly through
defective weapons, it must not be supposed that her
military strength was but a fable. She is strong
enough yet, and it is no shame to the Italians, with
their young army, to have been beaten by her supe-
rior organisation and training brought to bear uncle?
experienced commanders, the arms of precision being
about equal on both sides. Unfortunately, Italy
expected too much, and was exasperated at having
to receive from foreign hands the territories which
she had hoped to win for herself on the field of
battle. I have heard women reproaching their lovers
or brothers for their defeat, and still more for their
subsequent inaction ; and when this is the case the
irritation must be grievous and the difficulties in the
way of a real alliance insuperable for the present.
Ministers and Generals may shake hands and be
friends, but the heart of the people has been too
sorely wounded to admit of a close alliance.
The very enthusiasm that has carried the Italian
nation so far is now against the chance of their be-
coming friendly with the Power that, having pos-
sessed them so long, is only cast out after tearing
them and leaving them half dead. During a con-
versation with an Italian officer of the navy a few
days ago he said that what Austria ought to be most
proud of in the victory at Lissa is that her ships,
plates, and guns are all of her own manufacture and
the sa;lors drawn from her own coasts, while the
Italians have had to ransack France, England, and
America for ships and guns ; and this does not
spring merely from a Pro tectionist feeling on the part
of the Austrians, but from the fact that they have in
their own country everything necessary for the mate-
riel of war, and especially iron. Our English artille-
rists have long given up the possibility of making
cast-iron rifled guns, but all the Austrian rifled
guns above the 8-pounder are ei• Styrian cast iron,
and have stood very well, though manufacturers
have failed to construct trustworthy rifled cannon
of much more than five inches calibre. In this they
have only failed where the Americans and Swedes
have failed before them, and must not be too
proud to buy of other countries till they can form
manufactories of wrought-iron or steel guns of their
own, lest otherwise they should meet with a well-
armed fleet trained to use their weapons and find
even Styrian 41 and 5-inch plates but a poor protec-
tion against Armstrong 300-pounders. The follow-
ing extracts from the letter of a distinguished English
cavalry officer, who has travelled since the war
through Austria and Prussia, with the object of exa-
mining the troops of all arms, may be interesting to
English readers, and may prevent them from too sud-
denly taking up the idea that Austria's army is inferior
to that of the Prussians because it hasbeen beaten by
them this once, under the double misfortune of in-
ferior small arms and some incapable generals. The
officer writes :

" One could not but be struck wita the idea that however
successful the Prussians may have been in appearance they
are really inferior to the Austrians as soldiers. The men
were dirty and slovenly. . . . The regiments varied in
an extraordinary degree. Some were composed of im-
mense men ; and others of seedy-looking unsoldierlike little
fellows. They drilled, however, remarkably well ; very
steadily, but with considerable rapidity ; very much faster
than our own. We did not see many cavalry, but those
we came across were miserable. The men tiding infam-
ously bad, saddlery bad, and horses large but underbred•
The artillery . . . steel guns, breech-loaders, heavier than
Austrian guns, drawn by six horses. They have three cali-
brez-4, 6, and 12-pounders, the latter very heavy, but al-
most howitzers. The train was heavier than the Austrian,
horses much larger. In fact, everything was heavier. They
have a large proportion of train to a ccrp.3 d'armee. I was
very much pleased with the officers I met. They were not
so taking iu manner or appearance as the Austrians, but
they seemed intelligent and business-like. . . They
all spoke most highly of the Austrian cavalry and artillery,
and said that they Lad saved the Austrian army, and they
did not appear conversant with the successes of their own
caval, y, which have been so glowinly depicted. . • •
I came to the conclusion that the zunduadelyewehr is about
the worst breechloader extant."

Now all this goes to prove what has already ap-
peared in your columns, that Austria ought not to
have been considered as without hope at the end of
the campaign, and that Prussia will have some diffi-
culty to hold her own, if the ancient Empire should
re-arm her infantry, put her best men in command
of her armies, and rise again to revenge her present
humiliation. There is evidently a strong idea pre-
valent that something of the sort will occur, not next
year, bnt the year after ; and it is confidently be-
lieved that France will not then be absent from the
field, but on the contrary, will bring about the con-
test. The officer whose letter is quoted above visited
the camp at Chalons, and found the French army
speaking confidently of a future war with Prussia,
in which they have no doubt of success, for what
Frenchman ever doubted the superiority of the
national army ? '
I think I forgot to mention in my letter from
Ancona that the Italian sailors are provided with
breechloading revolver pistols, on the French pat-
tern, which can be loaded with much greater faci-
lity than ours. This is a point worth attention, and
the system might even be extended to carbines,
though probably inapplicable t-,o muskets, as it
would increase the weight too much.

The Orleans Railway Company has sent round
the following communication :--On Tuesday even-
ing about eight o'clock the train proceeding to Paris
with the mail went off the rails between La Creche
and Saint-Maixent (line from Poitiers to Niort).
Six persons were killed and eight wounded. The
cause of the accident is not yet known.
The Augsburg Gazette says :—"
The re-establish-
ment of diplomatic relations between Prussia and
Bavaria will very soon take place, and we learn
that the Prince de Reuss, who represented Prussia
at Munich before the war, will return there in
the same capacity. Count Mongelas is expected to
be the Ni ii4ter of Bavaria at Berlin."

LATEST INTEL LIGENCE.

(RELTTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

The Royal Mail steamship Cuba, from Halifax
and Boston, arrived at Queenstown at 5 a.m. to-
day, Sept. 7, with 84 passengers and $16,642 in
specie. She landed all the mails except those for
Liverpool, and two passengers, and proceeded at
5.30 a.m. All well.

(Via Roche's Point.)
NEW YORK, Aug. 28 (Evening.)

President Johnson, accompanied by Mr. Seward,
General Grant, Admiral Farragut, and suite, left
Washington this morning en route for Chicago.
Great preparations are being made at New York
to receive the President, and the Municipality will
present him with an address approving his policy.
The Philadelphia Municipality refused to take
part in President Johnson's reception in that city.
General Granger officially states that during his
tour through the Southern States he found no symp-
toms of organised disloyalty to the Government.,
AUG. 30.

President Johnson and his suite received an en-
thusiastic popular reception at New York yesterday,
and were entertained by the prominent citizens at a
banquet at Delmonico's. The President made a
speech, expressing his determination to carry out
his policy, and restore the Union. Mr. Seward
also made a speech, in which he said that the press
cried for war with Mexico, Spain, and England.
He himself favoured all wars which the nation re-
quired ; but, referring to the refusal of Congress
to admit the Southern representatives, he did not
want to go into the field with one leg, and was a
little impatient to have the lame leg made right.
The New York States' Senate have passed a
motion of welcome to the President. Several Re-
pablican Senators have violently attacked President
Johnson, accusing him of officially sanctioning the
assassinations and massacres in New Orleans, and
declaring that his policy would cause another civil

war.

HUNGARY.
PESTI', Sept. 6 (Evening).

The wife and daughter of Franzyky, the Hun-
garian exile who recently obtained permission from
the Emperor to visit his sick daughter, are both
dead. His daughter died yesterday of typhus fever
and his wife to-day of cholera.
Puizyky is expected to arrive here to-day.
All the persons recently arrested by the police for
political offences have been released.

AUSTRIA.
VIENNA, Sept. 6 (Evening).

General Frank, the Minister of War, has, at his
own request, been relieved of his functions on ac-
count of the state of his health. He retires perma-
nently with the grade of Field Marshal.