The Sun.
London, England, 1859-02-01 00:00:00

) 345
) 403
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aro

325
345
314
505
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of
CURES
Ffprry THOUSAND
me
ore
cose
oi izt efrectedwithoutmedichr, i? 3r_c
klce„ lgestion (dyspepsia), Constipaltiownil, El aateulency, Phl i-rri,
it,...o,utiness, Biliousness, Liver Complaints, Hysteria,
eliiiti
1` 'Os, Sleeplessness, Acidity, Palpitation, Heartburn,
in the Head
4,,,,,,,,,0n5, Impurities, Irritability, Low Spirits, Diarrhoea,
likirrY, Hemorrhoids, Headache, Noises
skt B,ar, Debility, Despondency, Crampsa,
aSpasms, Nausea,
%11.1!ekness (during pregnancy or at . e )a,
ISsioncktingldrFeintsa,
Cot,,,q, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption,
-IhPlaints, are effectually removed by
i, übi)3ARRY'S delicious Health-Restoring
teodl'tee -I,ArA.II,I`NTA ARA.BICA 'FOOD, which
rsa yie
best
ter4B COS tin other remedies, and is, ° s__y
'Wnts and invalids generally, asnlitrirevvecrli't.eturrnalsdacieitd,
tbliiiirielpwaettaskaesttestiliiiilachlonrterferc with a good
lunchsand dinner, and restores
the faeultY of relish4esirion
11,11_10st enfeebled. ' and nervous and muscular energy to
of
kt,,e,.eXtract a few out of the many thousand expressions„ll4,l2de from invalids thus cured :—Cure No.__7lue.a.2„ biro.
t.s.i.(4l,ukthe Itiglit Hon. the Lord.
rSt.uart d D
C (2_ d I havee derived con-
Zfil-ble tojeZ nliltairocnitutyßlavrrayt'sn Revalenta Arabicua
tivioorise
•,et„Oider it due to yourselves and. the public to
1'),8. u ication of these lines. Stuart de Decies." °Cure No.
°.,°11r0j.4 Piny years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
'telle`BB, sthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
_ _n_er:: bit Rare at the stomach, and vomiting, have been removed 0
Nil, Y excellent Food. Maria Jolly, Wortham Ling, near
kt,erfolk." Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of
.'l:l4an, Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme naear--
;114N. -p, ladkrestion gatherings, low ap hits, and nervousf
near
'„,..11' th`Pr‘eNo'.4B,3l4: Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre,rrors
,701: of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the ho
h'ilkitir?usirritability. Cure No. i 8,216. Dr.. Andrew Ur e, of con-
tai Shore' dyspepsia,nervous irritability. Curs No. 34,210.
4 ''''''iandot dropsy and debility. Cure No. 30,21?. Cap-
litcrAulat, ofl epileptic fits. Cure No. 421110.1 MajorstEredni% ofh
~elipe %Id kidney disease, and total prostration of
'itily "o• 36,410. Rev. Dr.
spasms, and
444°°!"Illtings. Cure No. Minster,
Harvej of' diarhoea
26,4 Dr Wurtzer, of consumption.
Ohre tility. Cure No. TT: Esq.,. barrister, of paralysis.
blood,eh n t
' 9 liveri' rire --
47014.0. 4!iB7Bo°.'lltr7Jmam. hes Roberts,tsiptnitbtlruToefr
Nt,. thirty Years' diseased )nags,
Cure No. 180. "Twenty-five
Te4,e,reetit, partial deafness.
de-
fro Uervonsuess, constipation,t indigestion, and 'leills.wh'ell I have suffered gre-- in'
been effectually cured
V 1)- could r m remove r relieve, have.
W. B. Reeves,lBl,
41.811,arry.:P000d lon very short timei3ts
ad Eight years'
I,l4Deli:lreet, London... Cure co. 4 '
'wsms'lgd.
i,-qlsei-,,,, nervousness, debility, with'-cr`a'mps, )140,4' ha
been effectually cured 0
gton Rectory,
'Agri "„11•9: Food Rev John W. Flavel ,
,cou4h, incliges,-
Nit °`‘." Cure' No• 3 906. "Thirteen years 'cough, .
iyßDidudißiaarry s hea
tke4,nd general debilliy have been removed by Du Barry 8
Ntearl P..00d. James Porter, Athol-streetiarleiratshL
IV
e uinY Packed for all climates, and with .
121 b., 225.
ilLsters, 11b., 2s. 9d. • 21b., 4s. 64. ; 51b.,
tell'''. retitled •quality. 161 b., 335•
ttlere forlYarded carriage free, tn f Post-office
instructions.
Touherreolbip.lals.d,
c Fort-
ital ,„.1:M• Barry and Co. 77, Regent-street, London;
121 b. cants-
. 1. tlsinists in town and country.
1144eason and Co., 182, Piccadilly, and through allgrocers
dOpeii
amrALLA.CES PILLS and OINTMENT
ils.‘". s'el'tifie Principles, without mercury, to pr.e .
vent the
they
are prepared
i,',llir',P s.alla injury resulting from quack preparations ,
exec.
iMli'leguate and strengthen the system, and r
'',N.',"YsPepsiC (bad digestion), bile, flatulency,.concsactirspa.tion,
tlpeljiibtil sto
and
mach complaints and all internitalilaisolic:idirnes,,
lit heals sores,
ear-
s, Woundosi•l'llcee"sealp, &C. Both pills
Z''' DtPitnleaSP:' diseasesrePhaprleefullypacked for all climates, at is. lid..
,kith,' 444 4s am
carefully
agents .Hannay,63,
•
me,,,ifej,„' 153, 'OxfOrd-street, and may be ordered through all
bit)le,VerldOrS
'e' a -o'ititY'S PUTHOMO COUGH BON BONS aressa
4gth'ilikc, Itnd effectual remedy for coughsolds, huonarrsirenaLi
riNll:' 411 d all affections of the lungs, throat,end of
ad J. Sanger,no
,qtomTlee. In lioxes—ls. lid., 2s. 94... 4s. . ,
li'll .11tet London and all Chemist
S'r rtt.'ir'S ANTI-DIARRII(E A. 4 .
I' BON BONS are a
hipti iiin,
FiVdish cholera, .
bowel complaint
a. s% •-, remedy for ...
) 94 4s 6d'
13ilyn4:7;ntery, & , ' In boxes—ls. lid., -.5. i ~s . .
ulcfordeStit', London, and all Chem t
&I 11,,,,11RP8 FOOD FOR INFANTS CHILDREN,s
'lnd expense of
ON -,' ALMS, supersedes the dangvrs• . ,
with it and it is the
;sat 4411 g, as infants are easily reared
and invalids of
i), ae mint digestible Food for the delicate
The large cants-
ZR rr ,:„,l.ti canisters, at 25., and 121 b 21s.
77, Regent-
''''ct'i "t earria..e Barry Du Barry, and C 0.,.
is Avc;wondon. b •
diftestion ((Vs-
rPsia)'tPills, and all. other Medicine for In
.t.,
dit Palp
:oh otVabitual Constipation, Flatulency, Aci Y
Headaches,
erl•4lls-le Reart, Torpidity of the Liver, bill's"shon, Cough,
ikethiTialless, iliouness, General Debility, Diarrhoea,
&c. Send 2d.
tZ4,taib;„cerlstiMption Despondency, l
Sp een, _
lar Trea-
'lll),4l n',,„.-' and 3'un will 'receive free by P
°St'aREGENERATIONcopuIar
OF
op , IhNr,,,eB :--" THE NATURAL
purgatives,
hi:nediti,,,l rATivil; ORGANS." Without pills,,pll y
14 ks 44,
_es of any kind, and without expense, by a simple,
,4 its cost
a. sth",l,4nel infallible means which 'saves 50 time 0
4141 i., eniedies • adapted to the general reader. 1-1 nj;Ztvck.,
11111. vtilh • ' '4l '41109, Paternoater-row, and through all

y of
day
an,
isea

C--....„,____________
OMMON HALL. - THE RAILWAY
sitofthellßlAGE.—To make preparations for the megtin_g
in the Guildhall on Friday next, the MODEL
110-toonr CA,RRIAGE must be removed from the Hall
ther,„:row Night. Persons desirous to inspect it should,i
o'clo'gre, visit the Hall To-morrow (February 2), before
Fe seeeo,l- The Model represents the body of the narrow gaugevbwn-class carriage Which will be used on the Metropolitan
iPT Railroad It is nine feet wide by forty feet in length
kitolht feet high. The carriages which will run on the broad
The', line from the Great Western will be two feet wider.
alih;grriag'es of each class will be lighted with gas, and aired
the
mils, lit !ide windows, by a process of ventilation for which
°l'vei7 is now being perfected. By the proposed mode
tattlr., on the carriage may be kept at the desired ten2pe-
Ark.:, and the air be constantly undergoing the requisite
BB of change, without creating any perceptible draught.
S'l‘
u . NARK'S HOSPITAL for FISTULA and
~.V1 ott,, i other DISEASES of the RECTUM.
etittf'j,,,,Hereby Given That the ANNUAL GENERAL
lho ;"‘-,- of Governors 'will be held at the London Tavern,
'eteptgate-street, on THURSDAY, the 10th February next,
s_Ot i„ zYe tile
W eh,n, .reaßurer and of
yearly Report of the Committee ofManagement,
'64liour the Medical Officers of the Charity
i. new Members of the Committee, in
thenrom of those
ft• li-1- eby seniority of service; to receive resignation
b.ualtio,„"?norary Surgeon, and to elect him as Honorary Con-
.."noi7 'tirg'eon ; to elect Two Surgeons in the place of the
The al? Surgeon, resigned, and on other business.
110Aehair Will be taken by the Right Hon. the LORD
'lt, the President, at three o'clock precisely.
Y-r
Cif o; JAMES FULLER WHISKIN, Secretary.
an, London, E.C., 26th January, 1859.
EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN STEAM
L4lB c( iiI.PPING- COMPANY (Limited).—The Directorsreo!
I_4l,ed n, Paul (having, under the powers vested in them, d relvt,-;: 41 ord
A er to pay' off and consolidate their present e-
Llie itei,-"n" gagetnortdebt, to raise the sum of £160,000 as on
;Fat „- -r-'ebruary by new debentures, at the rate of 7 per
'as iir,r an payable half-yearly, and to be secured as
fillips 8' and only charge upon their splendid fleet of eight
„Viz. i,,exceeding 2,300 tons each, making a total of 19,022 tons,
val;,i',e Indiana Jason, Argo, Hydaspes, Queen of the South, ellaa 'it, Gclden'Fleece, and Lady Jocelyn, which were pur-
,,C,okeilda. at a low rate, from the General Screw Steam Shipping
4 t 13Y, and have st including outfit and repairs
6 150 CO ,
'coo Hereby Give Notice, That as about £BO,OOO may T ~.sidered as already subscribed up to this time, they are rat nnared to receive APPLICATIONS from the Public
figs' NEW DEBENTURES to the extent of' the remain,
t-^OOO which will be issued for sums of £5O, £lOO, £5OO,
moo ,
eitty _each, and for fixed periods of one, two, three, or five
Y tl;,,lpth an extra bonus of six months' interest if paid off
beg- 'oTii Iny before the period so fixed by the parties
th P`
._ ern.
rd„rinted particulars and printed forms of application,
~ et. otherinformation,
°eat - nth may be had by applying to the
11' lotZrY, either personally, at the offices of the Company, or
li lr.
-"114', William-street, London, E.C., Jan. 28, 1859.
OAR
I) AND RESIDENCE. --A Superior
thged Idlotne. is offered to a Gentleman of s:,eady habits, en
ilt_4lt. P.lng the day, by a family residing near Regent's
ittlateztatiecßeyoung man coming to London for the first
rtaime
bal BB t Oft d a
cdbeasnirtele residence., I..eritla.,a, moderate.
11, Granby-street, Ilarripstead-road, N.W.
1. Opp,
.44 "'`.-1-rE AND INDIGESTION IMPROVED.
„.. 8A "a PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
IT c ,
.
IW'Pa and ' imparts the most exquisite relish to Ste_aukrs.„
hes, t 41,1 Sal all Roast Meat, Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, e . Ales the sad, and by its tonic and invigorating properties
LTBhe ~.„e stomach to perfectly digest the food.
"%s at! Ilse of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the
kt.i.-suard to health.
tire, ...9. the
ties Lend Proprietors, Lea and Perrins; 19, Fenchurch-
otrs. ~,,_.,°11, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester ; also
and prii7.olinie.'autY and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and
it•-eiltlial dealers merchants, London ; and generally by the
. ......10 ii_lera in sauce.
lliik and g,,iia,..rd against imitations, see that the names of
uottle. ` 'nRINS " are upon the label and patent cap of
rt° TIM Nit,
%..
VI,
-Prend i-,zB WATSON 011A.R.,. -,,R,VOUS AND DEBILITATED.
, M.D., Fellow and Honorary
Nartres, Re ent of the Imperial African Institute of France,
h to Anlber of the Medical Societies of Rouen and Peru,
toircion c),liiy of Sciences, Paris, &c., and late Resident
4hthnnare ,te Bedford DiSpensary, 27, Alfred-place, Bed-
i''...s, . 1,',..-''ondon, continues to issue, on receipt of six
bt ffiose -,_. GUIDE TO SELF-CURE."
kekiratoo'n,?!lt entering the Marriage State !ihould peruse
ked.li and d° Invaluable little work, as the advice he gives on
„ pit mi„lsease reflects much credit upon him as a sound
RN ,ite t,..mlaor.•her."—Critic.
• '......,,`"e Guide to those who desire a speedy and private
ille‘ The vltiliversity Magazine.
leiti 41)814.41V AMERICAN DISCOVERY' demonstrates
knAlitg, ~,i, Yof the English mode of treating such com-
ie eakif:t Prove a blessing to the afflicted, who may safely
44ped.,,&Iiegain pristine health by adopting the means pre-
.l4lbalilleenaitUnSuvnide " Diplomas," and the "London
•• 1..,........a•ect0ry.,
li

GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
USED IN THE ROYAL LAUNDRY,
AND PRONOUNCED BY HER MAJESTY'S LAUNDRESS to be
THE FINEST STARCH SHE EVER USED.
WREN YOU ASK FOR
GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
SEE THAT rot; GET IT,
As inferior kinds are often substituted.
Sold by all Chandlers, Grocers, &c., &c.
WOTHERSPOON & CO., GLAscow AND LONDON.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,

No. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London, S.W.
The Funds or Property of the Company as at 31st Decem-
ber, 1857, amounted to £617,801, invested in Government or
other approved securities.
Annual Income, upwards of £lll,OOO from premiums alone.
CHAIRMAN.—The Hon. FRANCIS SCOTT, M.P.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN.—CHARLES BERWICK CURTIS,Esq.
INVALID LlVES.—Persons not in sound health may have
their lives insured at equitable rates.
ACCOMMODATION IN PAYMENT OF PREMIUM.—OnIy one-
half of the Annual Premium, when the insurance is for life,
requires to be paid for the first five years, simple interest be-
ing charged on the balance. Such arrangement is equivalent
to an immediate advance of 50 per cent. upon the annual pre -
mium, without the borrower having recourse to the unplea-
sant necessity of procuring sureties, or assigning and thereby
parting with his Policy, during the currency of the Loan,
irrespective of the great attendant expenses in such arrange-
ment.

The above mode of insurance has been found most advan-
tageous when Policies have been required to cover monetary
transactions, or when incomes applicable for Insurance are at
present limited, as it only necessitates half the outlay formerly
required by other Companies before the present system was
instituted by this Office.
Loam—Are granted likewise on real and personal Secu-
rities. _ _

Forms of Proposals and every information afforded on ap-
plication to the Resident Director,
8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London, B.W.
By order, E. LENNOX BOYD, Resident Director.

ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE
INCAPACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New and improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, illustrated
by 100 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel, just pub-
lished, prict, free by post, is.

_
THE SILENT FRIEND : A Medical Work
on the physical exhaustion and decay of the frame, from
the effects of solitary indulgence, infection, and the injurious
consequences from the use of Mercury : with observations on
the obligations of marriage, and direct,ons for obviating cer-
tain disqualifications. By R. and L. PERRY and Co., Sur-
geons. Consultations aq usual (see page 197). Sold by J. Allen,
20, Warwick-lane, Pat-irnoater-row ; Sanger, 160, Oxford-
street t and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street, London.
The CORDIAL B a LM'of SYRIACU3I is employed in both
sexes to renovate the impaired powers of live. Its action is
purely balsamic: its power in reinvigorating the frame in all
cases of nervous and sexual debility, obstinate gleets, impo-
ten, barrenness, anddebilities arising from venereal excesses,
has been demonstrated by its unvarying sucess in thousands of
cases. Price 11s. per bottle, or four quantities in one for 335.,
which saves lls.

C.•
The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, an
anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying the system, and is recom-
mended for any or the varied forms or secondary symptoms,
such as eruptions on the skin, blotches on the head and face, en-
largements of the throat, tonsils, and uvula ; threatened
destruction of the nose, palate, &c. Its action is purely deter-
sive, and its beneficial influence on the system is undeniable.
Price lls. and 335. pe, bottle; also a saving of lls.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS constitute an
effectual remedy in either sex -:orall cases of gonorrhoea. gleet,
stricture, and diseases of the urinary organs. Price 2s. 9d.,
4s. 6d., and lls. per box.
Sold by Daniel Church, 78, Gracechurch-street, City ; Bart-
ley-Hooper, 43. King William-street (tonrdoors from London-
bridge) ; G. P. Watts, 17, Strand ; W. Sutton and Co., 10, Bow-
churchyard W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's-churchyard ; J.
Sanger, 150, Oxford Street ; Hannay and Dietrichsen, 63.
Oxford-street ; Butler and Harding, 4, Cheapside ; Front and
Harsant, 229 Strand, and all medical vendors throughout
the United Kingdom

ORGANIC WEAKNESS—ITS CAUSES AND CURE.
Just published (with Engravings, and an Appendix on the
Curative Powers of Galvanic-Electricity), price ls., free by
post for 13 stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION : A Medical Treatise
on NERVOUS D and FUNCTIONAL,
WEAKNESS, more particularlyEßlLlTY re
in refence to the INFIR-
MITIES and DISORDERS ofthe GENERATIVE SYSTEM;
tracing: the Origin of these distressing afflictions to causes
which vitiate the very fountains of Life and prematurely de-
stroy the vigour of Manhood. With Practical Observations
on the Cure of these Diseases, and on the extraordinary re-
storative power of LOCAL GALVANISM in Spermatorrheea,
Impotence, and Sterility, in which cases it is applied without
pain or danger, and is frequently successful without the aid
of medicine.

d
LnicedienetiinaeteagththeeuLaoivnadraonityaf•
BY SAMUEL LAIIERT, M.D.,
Apothecaries,,llonorar
Society
E r 1 Erlangen, •: en'
37, BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON
Member of the London Hospital Medical
RMDocistteorerodt
Society, dEc An erroneous impression exists that public announcements*
on these disorders emanate only from unqualidpe
but as the new Medical Act provides that none but registered
persons,
roractitiouers shall assume any medical title, thosethatae
legally qualified can readily be distinguished—a point of great
importance in cases where secrecy, confidence, and skill are
equally requisite.
In the new edition of ' Self-Preservation,' facts of para-
mount utility are brought together—facts appealing to the
prudence of all who are suffering from affections which in-
volve the enfeeblement and ultimate loss of those powers
without which man forfeits the d!gnity of nature, and sinks to
the most pitiable depths of physical and moral degradation.
In cases where the vital essences have been weakened by the
influences of tropical climates, by pernicious habits, indiscri-
minate excesses, improper diet, hardship, or by iniudicious
treatment, the means of cure
adopted by the author, in con-
junction with the application of Local Galvanism, have gene-
rally been found successful, even in cases where recovery had
been pronounced impossible.
Published by the Author, price ls., or free by post for thir-
teen stamps, and may be had of Allen, Warwick-lane, Pater-
noster-row, London; Westmacott, chemist, Market-street,
Manchester
..T, Guest, Bull-street, Birmingham; Baraclough,
argate, Sheffield ; Rayner, High-street, Southampton ; W.
Love, Enoch-square, Glasgow ; 11. Powell, Westmoreland-
street, Dublin, or from the Author, who may be consulted
daily, from Eleven till Two, and from Six till Eight, at his
residence, 37, Bedford-square, London

A BURNS SCHOLARSHIP.—We recently pointed
out that, in addition to the ephemeral celebration of the
Burns centenary, a more lasting tribute to his genius, by
the establishment of one or more scholarships in our local
colleges, was desirable. We are glad to say that an ener-
getic gentleman has the matter in hand, and has already
collected a considerable sum of money. It is intended in a
few days to solicit public assistance towards this object.—
Liverpool Ill61.°".

At a special meeting of the Law Amendment
Society held on Saturday a paper was read by Mr.
E. Chadwick on " The methods of preparation for
Legislation by open Commissions of Inquiry, or by
the close Cabinet method, espeoially as applicable
to the Reform of Parliament.
Sir James Stephen presided.
Mr. CHADWICK commenced by .stating; that his
attention had been first called to this subject at the
time of the announcement of a second Reform Bill
by Lord J. Russell, when he was consulted as to
the organisation of a commission of inquiry by
various persons who were anxious, before.proceed.-
ing to further legislation, that all the doubtful mat-
ters of fact connected with this question should be
cleared up. ' No doubt, it would be said that all the
facts needing consideration the preparation of a
Reform Bill were already sufficiently notorious, but
in other cases in which the same argument had been
urged the effects of commissions of inquiry had been
to reverse every main principle, and almost every
assumed chief elementary fact, on which the gene-
ral public, parlianientary committees, and leading
statesmen were prepared to legislate. The questions
of pauperism and poor law administration, of crime
and penal administration, of pestilence and sanitary
legislation, and of the evils attendant on excessive
manufacturing labour, were conspicuous instances
of this reversal, and there must be many material
facts connected with the working of the last Reform
Bill which were not at present any better ascer-
tained. An inquiry of some kind therefore must be
presumed to be necessary, and the question for con-
sideration was how this inquiry was to be made,
whether by the close Cabinet, a parliamentary com-
mittee, or an open commission. With regard to the
first method, Lord J. Russell in his evidence before
the committee on official salaries had complained
that it was rather a defect in our Goverment that few
of the Ministers could spare time from the duties of
their offices to give attention to a great subject,•and
since 1850, when this evidence was given, the leisure
which was left after the performance of the settled and
routine ministerial duties had much diminished, while
the subject matters necessary to be examined, and
the time required for the preparations of new mea-
sures had greatly increased. It might be assumed,
therefore, that the Cabinet had not the power of
inquiring into new facts, and the basis of a measure
prepared exclusiVely by the Cabinet must necessa-
rily be limited to the facts already known to the
two or three members of it forming the committee
to whom the question was confided. However fairly
intended, measures affecting varied conditions of
men so prepared must be narrow and partial, and
would, moreover, be exposed to the charge of un-
fairness. There could be no certainty as to the
reception they would meet with, except; indeed,
they, were framed in conformity with " public
opinion," which Mr. Chadwick defined to be com-
monly the opinion of newspaper writers. Quoting
a remark of Thomas Carlyle in reference to the
late Mr. Sterling, that he "played the conjuror
very much." having to enunciate " three hun-
dred and sixty-five opinions every year on every
subject," Mr. Chadwick proceeded to argue that
such an opinion; which must be the re-
sult of the most fragmentitious attention to a
multiplicity of questions, would afford the most
unsafe basis of legislation. Though an inquiry by
a Parliamentary committee would be fuller and
more complete than any which the members of a
Cabinet could make, yet still it shared, in a lesser
degree, the inconvenience of having to be conducted
under the pressure and distraction of Parliamentary
duties. It has often occurred that committees which
had gone more deeply than usual into a question
had concluded by acknowledging their own in-
ability to go sufficiently deeply, and had recom-
mended the appointment of a commission which
could give a protracted and undivided attention to
the subject. The open method of inquiry by com-
mission, besides giving the best facilities for ascer-
taining facts, would bring to light, as no other
investigators could, the state of opinion and infor-
mation in every nook and corner of the kingdom.
Mr. Chadwick in proof of this instanced the Poor
Law Commission and the Constabulary Force
Commission, which, by queries circulated all
over the kingdom and the oral examination -of
persons in all ranks of society, collected a mass of
information on the subjects in hand which could not
have bean got at in any other mode. The publica-
tion, too, of the report of the commission, which
must be regarded as a quasi judicial document,
with the evidence, would have a great effect on the
public mind, and would denude the question of all
party attributes. Opposition would be disarmed by
the display of facts and reasons required to be
grappled with, and members of the House of Com-
mons who acted less on their own views than on
the promptings of their constituents would be able
thus to judge of the form a.n d extent of any probable
opposition or support, and to shape their course
accordingly. Mr. Chadwick quoted from an article
in the Edinburgh Review for July, 1857, to show
that at present a very low state of information pre-
vailed in the country as to the complicated nature of
this question of Parliamentary Reform, and argued
thence that as legislation prepared on the close
Cabinet system must be in accordance with this
imperfect information, the more politic course
would be by an open commission of inquiry to bring
public information to that state of maturity which
the subject demanded. Among the points con-
nected with this question demanding elucidation
might be enumerated the failure of recent legisla-
tion to put down bribery and corruption, the refusal
of large masses of voters in great constituencies to
exercise the franchise, the extent to which the
education franchise might be conferred, whether
the possession of a certain amount in the savings
bank ought to entitle a man to a vote, the effect of
the present large electioneering expenses in keeping
able men out of the House of Commons, and the
means of reducing those expenses, which a com-
mission could alone satisfactorily investigate. Ad-
verting to the proposal of Earl Grey to appoint a
Committee of Privy Councillors to prepare a
measure of Parliament Reform, Mr. Chadwick
argued that though such a committee might be
very, usefully employed in settling issues to be
inquired into, it could not be possessed of the
machinery for conducting the inquiry, which must
be to a great extent local. In conclusion, Mr.
Chadwick disclaimed any intention of offering
any opinion on the subject matter for exami-
nation, in respect to which he himself required
further opportunities for investigation. His only
object was to call attention to the extreme inexpe-
diency of looking for the preparation of measures
of the highest magnitude to what must be prac-
tically the weakest kind of preparation—namely,
preparation by officers so intensely pre-occupied
that, according to Lord J. Russell, " there are few
of them who can give their attention to a great
subject, and look at the consequences to the coun-
try of the measures that are adopted."
Sir JAMES STEPHEN thought Mr. Chadwick
deserved great credit for denouncing ono of the
commonest but most • dangerous sins of our day—
the habit of acting on incomplete knowledge. It was
often asked why social science made such slow ad-
vance in comparison with the progress of physical
science, but the answer was obvious. Those who
taught the laws of the material world never ad-
vanced to a conclusion until after the most ex-
haustive scrutiny, while those who addressed us with
respect to the well-being of the commonwealth were
continually arriving at broad conclusions in the most
incredible ignorance of the grounds from which alone
true conclusions could be deduced. Constitutional
liberty was, no doubt, an inestimable advantage,
but we paid a very high price for it. It was usually
said to consist in the submission of the Legislature
and the executive Government to the control of
public opinion. But what was public opinion? How
could it be ascertained, or how could the true be
distinguished from the spurious ? Of all the Idola
tribus there was no oracle so difficult of access, none
so easily confounded with meaner voices. The hiero-
phants of this mysterious power defined it to be the
deliberate judgment of the great majority of the
people on all such questions as affected the people
Judgmentr otfhDereemwoaes mnuesetebneetaiututthioeiniatal
themselves. On all such subjects it was said the
eliberty. cBo unt-
the true value of that Judgment must depend upon
the extent of his knowledge, o', and from what sources
e
could Demos gather his knowledge p . Not much
friends from books, for his best •
ends did not assert him
to be studious ; not much from converse, nor
much from observation, for the divisions and
subdivisions of labour confined the great
proportion of the people to the same pursuits and
the same places from the cradle t
othegrave.
Demos was not without his sources f inf But
o
information.
Of late he had learnt to read, and thenw
comprised 99-100ths of his reading. Hee w newspapers
rs
daily pupil of some such iniprovisatore as Mr. 'St
line. to whom reference had been made
in the
papers just read. This editorial inTrovis2tore on
each of the 365 days of the year was delivered of
one or several peremptory decisions on all manner
of subjects. In their turn he travelled through the
entire Cycle of all political and social questions.
He was a splendid rhetorician, his artifices of style,
his fertility of resources, and his promptitude of

peace of 1815 the Administration began to hold
their offices on the condition of making annually
some notable additions to the statute book. Be-
tween February and July public opinion demanded
that the Ministry for the time being should carry
three or four considerable measures on pain of re-
signation. If this punishment were inflicted the
House of Commons decided which of the leaders
should have the task of forming a new Administra-
tion, a task which was by no means easy. In the
first place, none could be appointed to office who
were not members of Parliament. They must be
rich enough to sacrifice all other pursuits, and they
must be able to express themselves in, public with
ease and propriety. Thus, if a Prime Minister
had 30 offices to fill he rarely had more than pout
60 persons from whom to choose—and yet out
of these he was expected to find one man who
was perfectly acquainted with all the ramifica-
tions of our foreign relations, another who had
made naval administration his study, another who
had colonial affairs at his fingers' end, a fourth who
was thoroughly up in military matters, a fifth who
was fitted to govern the vast empire of India, a'nd
so on. But, supposing the Government formed,
then came the work of legislation. A certain ques-
tion called for legislation. It was referred to the
head of the department in the scope of which it
came, and possibly the popular belief might be that
on that reference the head of the department would
sit down at his desk and draw up an abstract of
what ought to be done. But the process was very
different, and perhaps nothing would illustrate it
better than an instance drawn from his own per-
sonal experience. When Mr. Huskisson was Pre-
sident of the Board of Trade an abridgment of Cus-
toms law, which then filled a thick quarto volume,
was called for. Mr. Deacon Hume was summoned
from the Custom-house of London and desired 'by
the Minister to undertake the duty. He began
by taking a lodging in Parliament-street, exiled
himself from his family, and disappeared from
mankind for a couple of months. At the end
of that time he returned with a small loose volume

containing about as many words as a common num-
ber of Blackwood, but embodying all that he thoun-ht
worth preserving in our Customs law. Mr. Hus-
kisson took charge of it, preserved it from so-called
amendments in the House of Commons, and just as
it came from Mr. Hume's pen the statute passed
into law. So much for two of the progenitors of an
act, the Government and the draughtsman. There
remained the third, the three estates of the realm.
Sometimes when a bill got into Parliament it was
sent to a committee upstairs, but from the constitu-
tion of this tribunal and the limited means of in-

quiry its judgment could never be thoroughTy
satisfactory.. For instance, in 1828 the affairs of
Canada were referred to a select committee of the

House of Commons, which sat long, heard much, and
did nothing. Seven years later oecured the Cana-
dian rebellion, and then a commission was sent out
under Lord Durham, which recommended the very
identical course he (Sir J. Stephen) had in vain
pressed on the committee seven years before in the
course of a protracted examination. Those
recommendations were then adopted, and perfect
tranquillity had followed, but Parliament was un-
able to see the poliCY of them until Lord Durham's
local inquiry had taken place. ' But if a bill were
not sent upstairs, so much of importance was lopped
off, so much that was foreign engrafted on it, and
its author had to submit to so many compromises
to bring it alive through committee that the Royal
assent frequently sent it into the World in a shape
which was certain to produce very different results
to those which were originally contemplated. In
the French " Ordennances des Rois there were
certain passages with respect to the cowed d'etat,
from which it was evident that the devising and
arrangement of the laws previous to their enact-
ment was one of the chief duties of that body. Every
paragraph of the "Code Napoleon" was gone through
and debated in this manner before it was passed into
law. Some such committee would be of great use in
this country, if it attached to itself assessors on all the
several subjects on which the members themselves
had no special knowledge. Any one who was old
enough to remember the anticipations amid
which the Reform Bill of 1832 was passed
must admit that all the prophets, whether
they prophesied pleasant things or evil things,
were alike wrong. They were wrong because
they mistook their scanty knowledge for complete
knowledge, and the prophets of 1859 did not seem
to be taking any trouble to remove this reproach ;
they did not seem to see a bit more clearly to the
end of the dark and most momentous road on which
they were entering. If we were to have a Reform
Bill at the mandate of public opinion we ought to
have a commission to hear what public opinion had
said or had to say for itself on the matter. It was
strange that all our institutions were to be at the

mercy of one voice, and that the utterances of that
voice had not one representative reporter.
A general discussion followed, and, though some
of the speakers condemned commissions as costly,
prejudiced, and irresponsible, the majority seemed
to be of opinion that Mr. Chadwick's proposal was
deserving of serious consideration.
The meeting separated after a vote of thanks to
the chairman, proposed by Lord Monteagle.

PROPOSED MEMBER FOR CHESTER-

FIELD.

It is now several years since we urged on the
Inhabitants of Chesterfield the policy of exerting
themselves to obtain a representative in Parliament.
The proposition at that time met with comparatively
little response, but time, while it has furnished, in
the increased and increasing importance, popula-
tion, and prosperity of the town and neighbourhood,
stronger arguments in its favour than we could
then urge, has convinced many prudent and sen
sible men of the perfect justice and reasonableness
of the claim of a member for Chesterfield.

The statistics produced by the Mayor, in his
excellent and judicious speech at the meeting last
week, supply evidence which cannot be refuted that
the claim of the town for a member is fair and just.
It is a fact that no county in England or Wales,
containing a population now upwards of 300,000,
returns so few members as Derbyshire. There are
the two members for each of the Northern and
Southern Divisions, and there are the two members
for the town of Derby with its population of between
40,000 and 50,000. Can it be fair that Devonshire,
for instance, with a population not twice that of
Derbyshire, should return 18 members for towns and
boroughs, and that Dorset, with little more than
half the population of Derbyshire, should return 11
borough members ; Sussex, only a little more popu-
lous, 14; and Southampton the same number ?
There are numerous other glaring inconsistencies of
a similar kind which arc patent to every one who
bestows the least trouble in the examination. It is

perfectly true that there are comparatively few
towns of any importance in Derbyshire, but that
we conceive is an argument why those which are so
should be represented; and, without disparaging
the claims of other towns, we cannot but place those
of Chesterfield in the foremost rank. It was clearly
shown by the Mayor that Chesterfield and its
suburbs now comprised a town population of
13,000, with a rateable value in the township of
Chesterfield alone of £18,400 in 1851. In North
"Wilts there are 10 members representing on an
average 6,566 each, and in West Cornwall 6 mem-