The Sun.
London, England, 1866-08-18 00:00:00

England's Financial Position.

The severe commercial crisis under which Eng-
land has been labouring during the present year has
drawn somewhat more than ordinary attention to
her position in regard to monetary affairs, and also
to the alarming power which can be exercised over
British commerce by the few individuals who con-
stitute the Boards of the great English banks. By
simply following out the plans which to them ap-
pear the most desirable for their own purposes,
these gentlemen are enabled to interrupt, nay,
quickly annihilate, all the commercial prosperity of
England ; and they can lock and board-up all the
metallic currency of the country without bringing
themselves within reach of the trade laws, or in any
degree exceeding the regular power placed in their
hands under the monstrous legislation by which
they are entitled to rule the financial world of
Threadneedle-street. No one, even if wilfully and
studiously blind to the action of the protective laws
for the bankers, can fail to have observed to what a
position England has just been brought by these same
financial monarchs. Her commerce has been most
seriously interrupted, her traders have suffered
injuries which will take a considerable time to
amend, and her relations with foreign Powers have
had to be conducted with the consideration due to
that enviableposition incident to entire impecuniosity.
When England has " got no cash" she is in a very
peculiar position ; from her comparatively small size,
and dense population, it must follow that all her pros-
perity and influence in the scale of nations depends on
her commercial relations with foreign countries. The
commerce of England is maintained by manufac-
ture, and manufacture by money ; hence there is no
escape from the ugly fact that if a few old fogies
and scheming speculators, in solemn conclave as-
sembled in a dingy bank parlour, are to lock up all
the cash, or lend it out at such a rate of interest as
entirely precludes all possibility of employing the
advances in legitimate speculations, then the trade
of Great Britain must be confined to manufactures
on so small a scale as to at once remove the coun-
try from the list of important nations, and to send
her able-bodied and intelligent sons to seek a wider
and more promising field for the employment of
their talents. It is, moreover, a matter of great
interest and some importance to other countries
that England should be able to continue her trade
with success, as all legitimate commerce is calcu-
lated to better all parties concerned therein ; and if
the Britishers cannot pay for all the corn and tim-
ber imported into their country, why it is just
about time that their friends on the opposite side of
the Atlantic should persuade them to make the
reduction of two per cent., just announced, followed
by a speedy reduction of something like ninety
per cent. from the ruling powers of the Bank
Directors.—Anglo-A Merican Times.

FEMALE BEAUTY.—The plainest face is redeemed
by a lovely skin and colour"; the most beautiful is not per-
fect without it. Paints and powders aro absurd to the
eyes of beholders, and deceive nono but the silly wearers
of those ruinous applications. A gentlewoman of rank,
from philanthropic motives, is anxious t.) impart to every
one of her sex, rich or poor, the means of procuring the
most beautiful natural complexion by wholesome, simple,
effective, and inexpensive means.—Send stamped directed
envelope for particulars to Mrs. GEANTLEY, 4, Connaught-
torme, Hyde-park, L,Qudon, W.—(Anir.)

sit!
final

HER MAJESTY.

OSBORNE, Aug. 17.
The Queen drove out in a carriage and four
yesterday afternoon, accompanied by Princess
Louise and the Princess of Leiningen.
Colonel Du Plat was in attendance upon horse-
back.

Her Majesty walked in the grounds with Prin-
cess Louise this morning.
Prince Leopold and Princess Beatrice went out
also.

The Earl of Derby left Osborne yesterday, and
returned to London.

The Hon. Lady Biddulph and Mr. Helps had the
honour .of dining with the Queen and the Royal
family in the evening.

WILLS AND BEQUESTS.

(Feout the Illustrated London News.)
Probate of the will of the Right Hon. August:
Emma, Dowager Baroness Truro, was granted by
her Majesty's Court of Probate, on the 3d inst., to
the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, D.C.L., P.C. ;
Travers Twiss, D.C.L., Q.C. ; Edward Marjori-
banks, jun., Esq., of the Strand ; and Chas. Norris
Wilde, Esq., of Russell-square, the executors and
trustees. The personalty was sworn under £70,000.
Her ladyship married, in 1845, as second wife, the
Right Hon. Thomas Baron Truro, Lord High
Chancellor in 1850-2, who died in 1855. Her lady-
ship died on the 21st of May, 1866, having executed
her will on the 15th of September, 1865, and a
codicil on the 10th of October following. 116
ladyship has bequeathed to the present Baron Truro
£20,000 ; also leaves his lordship the library, books,
maps, and pictures ; and the family and other por-
traits are specifically bequeathed to various persons.
To St. Paul's London, where her husband, the late
Lord Truro, was educated, her ladyship leaves the
portrait of his lordship in his black silk robes as
Lord Chancellor ; and bequeaths his lordship's state
robes as Lord Chancellor, and the three purses be-
longing to the office, to be held as heirlooms in his
family. Her ladyship bequeaths to Lord Truro
the principal part of the plate, which is set forth ill
a list of many pages appended to the will. There
are many specific bequests of plate and jewellery to
other parties ; to the Right Hon. Stephen Lushing-
ton, D.C.L., £2,000 ; to Chas. N. Wilde, £l,OOO,
together with a service of china ; and to his Wife
also a legacy of £l,OOO ; to the Right Hon. E. Card-
well £5OO, to Dr. Swiss £3OO, to Mr. Marjoribanks
£3OO ; and there are several annuities, and also lega-
cies to servants. The sum of £l,OOO is to be held
in trust by the vicar for the time being of St. Law-
rence, Ramsgate, to keep in repair her ladyship's
monument, on which is engraved the words "Augusta
Emma, relict of Lord Truro, and only daughter of
H.R.H. the Duke of Sussex," the surplus to be
given to the poor of that parish. £20,000 is left
to the fund in aid of the poor and friendless boys
of the metropolis not addicted to crime, the trus-
tees being those of the will, to which are added
the Bishop of London and the Chief Commissioner
of the metropolitan police force for the time being ;
to the Nursing Sisters Institution, Devonshire-square
£loo—all legacies to be free of duty. The residue
of her property is to be equally divided between the
Seamen's Hospital (the Dreadnought), the Ship-
wrecked Mariners' fund, the Indigent Blind Asy-
lum, the Orphan Asylum (Wandsworth), and Guy's
Hospital.
The will of Lord Frederick Charles Peter Beall'
clerk, Captain, R.N., late of Little Grimsby
Lincoln, was proved in the London Court by ble
relict, and his brother-in-law, Sir Montagu John
Cholmeley, Bart., of Easton Hall, Lincoln. The
personalty in the United Kingdom was sworn under
£4,000. The will is dated 1855, and there are three
codicils. The two last were executed on the Ist and
6th of November, 1865 ; and his lordship died 011
the 17th of the same month, at the age of 58. rIo
his wife he leaves the furniture, plate, carriages,
&c., for her own absolute use, and an immediate
pecuniary bequest. To his eldest son he devises all
his real estate. To his youngest son he leaves all
his shares and stock in the Aberdeen Railway, and
a legacy of £BOO. The residue of his personal estate
he bequeaths to his eldest son. •

The will of William Chisholme, Esq., of Tolling'
ton Park, Middlesex, was proved in London, 03
the 30th ull., by his relict and his brother, JOl3l
Chisholme, Esq., the joint executors and trustees•
To his wife he has bequeathed a life interest in his
property ; and, after her decease, he leaves the
principal part to his nephew, John Arthur Chis-
holme, and the rest to the daughters of a friend.

OIL VERSUS COAL FOR STEAM BOILERS.--The
recent discussions as to our future probable coal supply'
combined with the remarkably low price at which shale ei`
can now be produced, have had the effect of causing many
persons to turn their attention to the subject of using enc,
oils as fuel, instead of coals, for evaporating steam from
water. A gentleman has for a considerable time past been
engaged in conducting a series of experiments for that
purpose in Woolwich, on account, we presume, of the .Acl"
miralty, the questio a of fuel for steam purposes being one
of great importance so far as our heavy ironclads are con-
cerned. Yesterday, we saw exhibited at the engineering
works of Mr. Ireland, Broughton-lane, an apparatus for
raising steam in a manner different from but having th°
same object as that in operation for Government. It 10s
patented by Messrs. Sim and Barf, and consists in placing
within the firebox of an ordinary marine boiler a generator,
into which crude shale oil, costing about 6d. per gall°l4
is admitted, in combination with a jet of steam, the tiv°
producing hydro-carbon gas, which, acting on the heatins
surface of the boiler, produces steam rapidly, with scarcely
any smoke and no smell. This method of using petroleival
shale, or other earth oils, may be thus briefly describe
Knowing that at a certain heat, viz., that of iron at a dull
red, petroleum, shale oil, &c., will be converted into gaS'
there is introduced into the ordinary furnace space of a steam
boiler an apparatus consisting of a gas receiver or distribn"
tor, below which are placed two pipes, connected with the
receiver at both ends. Into these retorts or generators the
oil is introduced through a food-pipe, the generators, in the
first instance, being brought to tho required heat by means
of a small coal fire. The oil is then turned on, and immedr
ately on coming in contact with the heated iron generator is
converted into gas, and rushes up into the receiver, whelicf,
it issues through small holes, and is burned as ordinary
gas. All being in working order, the coal fire is raked out,
and another receiver with burners is placed on the empty
grate, and being connected by a pipe with the upper re;
ceiver, a portion of the gas is thus conducted below th
generators and burned under them to keep them up to the.
requisite heat. This is the method for burning oil alone ;
but it is found that by introducing a small jet of steamstream of water along with the oil, the heat of the gas i
very much intensified, and the oil required very much less
—also that nearly all smoke and waste of carbon are Pre-
vented. Tho action of the water or jet of steam is as folloWS:
The oil by its peculiar nature being first decomposed, a clullie9
tity of carbon previously held in chemical union bocoin
separated and free as soon as the conversion into gas 11'11e9
place. The water also being decomposed into its elonieuito
the oxygen unites with the free carbon, forming carb°o
.00
oxide, and the hydrogen mixes with the remaining P""lots
of the free carbon, in which state the whole of the procin
aro consumed, the mixture of carbon and hydrogeailts
(hieing beat of a very great intensity. This invention in
seita
present form is not likely to supersede the use of coals
land engines, but appears to be one of great value for t%
going steamers. Thus in the case of the Persia, oee
Il
Cunard lino of steamships, the following calcvlatione,dvbe
show what the result of the successful use of oils would
to its owners. Itiscalculated, from what is now being hot
on the boiler we saw, that eight gallons of oil peral:oes
will be sufficient for each furnace, and that the st
oes
fourteen furnaces, in a voyage of twelve days, Will
sumo, therefore, 32,2i6 gallons, weighing 169 tons' e out
costing £1,690. The Persia takes for her voyssus
1,500 tons of coal, costing on board about £1,090. -t
cost.
showing that the cost of oil is £l9O greater than thutoo,
of coal. But against that there is a saving of 1,3313 93 ;
which at £3 per ton for freight is a gain a 1£ 'froal
deducting from which the £l9O, the actual galil.4 be
one voyage is shown to be £3,803, to which sum' nsuP,of..
added a saving in stoker's wages, as the apparatus f_ of
acting when once fairly in operation. The pri:neo.iPlass
the invention seems to be also applicable to smoltino, g_, is
required making, and other
must
bs similar
underlar p urpo
perfects e s,
eNovnhterio•ol intense he 3'
, needle-
THE NEEDLE-GUN.—The invention of tile
gun, it appears, is now claimed by Ireland. Captain J.
,wci a
Whitley is named as the inventor, and as havings had
breech-loading needle-gun made in 1823 :by gesr'lro 'swat'
lock, of Dublin. Discouraged by the indifferentc
at Woolwich to Captain Norton's elongated sh? ,113tenPtiog
Whitley did not carry out the design ho
had of paten py
his invention, the secret of which has been waS u
another. §uch i 4 the Story told in Ireland.

abr

ug. 17.

and four

DiIICOS

NI horse-

ith Frill-

went out

.day, and

)s had the
he Royal

Augusta
anted by
I inst., to

, P. C.
Marj ori-
Ls. Norris
ttors and
£70,000.
wife, the
rd High
ler lady-
executed
;5, and 3
her
on Truro
y, books,
ther por-
persons.
, the late

;aver the

robes as
jp,s state
irses be-

e being
e-square
3 residue.

weep the
e Ship.
ad Asy-
id Guy's

Bean-
by Hall,
t by his
gu John
1.

The
n under
xe three
Ist and
died on
58. TO
trriages,
,mediate
vises all

;aver all
'ay, and
A estate

rolling-
ion, 03
r, John
,rustees•
3t, ill his
yes the
r Chi
end.

s.--The
supply'
shale oil
rig many
ing ellep
,am from
last been
for that
the Ad-
eing one
are con-

inecries
atus 10r
ring the
t.lt 16
placing
,„ratort
. ganoet
the tw°
heating
scareeli
troleuref
;scribed•
at a dull
ito gasl
a steara
listribe"
with the
Mors the
L

ieecile-
-1 Jara°9
, had l'
Trti.
swill

oaptaio
ten°l4
god 11