The Sun.
London, England, 1866-02-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 6, 1866.

In the history of their foreign relations Americans have the migrations of a single pound of cotton, and you will
been ever in the habit of regarding it as the most auspici- easily understand how it is that England, that diminutive
ous fact that the Russians have been always amicably dis- island, should have rendered herself the money market of
posed towards them. We value your support and rejoice the world and the centre of 'all commercial activity. The
in your friendship. We are aware that they were granted plant is grown, say in Louisiana, and sent to be spun—in
us also at a time of trial and anxiety ; we al e aware that England. For this purpose it must be first placed in the
from you we have heard nothing but words of sympathy hands of some commission agedt in Louisiana; then de-
and approval. Those words have sunk deeply into the spatched to a seaport town ; then shipped and conveyed
hearts of the American people. We shall not forget them, over a considerable portion of the globe to Liverpool, sold
I, too, am of opinion that our friendship is neither acci- and sent on to Manchester, and, after years perhaps, car-
dental nor even spontaneous. It is founded on the most tied back to Louisiana and sold at ten or a hundred times
simple and natural principles of political life, and of such its original cost. And now let us imagine that spinning
a kind that we may confidently reckon upon its continu- and weaving machines had been put up close to the plan-
ance and further development. We are bound toge- tation in which the cotton was grown, and we shall be ob-
ther by pleasant recollections, by the sympathies of our liged to admit that nine-tenths of ninety-nine hundredths
souls, and the common aspiration to great intellectual of the price at which the manufactured article was even-
objects. You are aware that at this moment an orthodox tually sold in Louisiana might have been saved by the
church is building at New York. Both Russians and Ame- country and its inhabitants. The same remarks equally
ricans have joined together to erect it. On the field of the apply to a bushel of wheat; under the ruleof free trade the
practical arts I may point to the Russo-American telegraph farmer, as well as the plauter,uniformly sells cheap and buys
asa common achievement of the two nations, and as a work dear. By imposing high duties upon articles manufactured
of world-ride renown and importance. I was in the United out of your own produce you benefit your manufacturers
States when that brilliant conception was brought before and your farmers alike. On these principles, and under the
the public. I remember well the general enthusiasm it guidance of my celebrated relative, Mr. Henry Clay, has
awakened, and I venture to say that no enterprise ever the American system been recently established—a system
enjoyed anything like the popularity which rewarded the so called in opposition to the free-trade doctrine, which is
scheme of binding the two countries together. My country- nothing but an invention for the purpose of protecting
men patiently await the moment when, giving expression British interests. By moans of our tariff we have become
to their feelings of respect and gratitude, the President of the competitorsof England, not only on our own Continent,
the United States will profit by the completion of the new but in the entire world. It was in consequence of the pro-
line, and despatch the first salutary telegram to the Czar. valence of slave labour in the South that our tariff has
You have spoken of the past and future of Russia and hitherto benefited the North alone. The South, down to
America. To this I reply that both of us have nothing to the beginning of the rebellion, continued to produce raw
be ashamed of in the past, and nothing to fear in the fu- material alone. The consequence of it all is that the
ture. In the past, Russia and America, firmly relying upon South, at the close of a four years' war, is ruined, while
God, have both battled for their independence, and anni- the North is as prosperous as ever. A wise politician will
hilated foreign influence in their midst, whatever shape it not embrace one theory in preference to another, but em-
might assume. Thus far we have been successful, and ploy either according to circumstances. The fundamental
we wish for nothing better than that God may be as rule, however, must be that each people work the raw
gracious to us and our children as He has been to our materials produced by themselves and export them to
ancestors. As regards the future, the two countries other countries. Such a system of trade, being profitable
will be only more intimately connected, having learnt to each individual nation, cannot but promote the com-
to know each other in the past. I am convinced, mon good of all. From foreign countries we should not
gentlemen, that the more intimately acquainted import anything except what we cannot manufacture
my countrymen shall become with you, the more they will ourselves, and this I conceive to be the real and legitimate
love you. The year I have passed in Russia has been one task of Free Trade. Thus, I should like to order my er-
of the most pleasant in my life. I wish I was sufficiently mine from Russia, my dates from Smyrna, my tea from
conversant with your language to be able to embody all China, my pepper from Java, my silk from Italy, my truf-
my thoughts and sympathies in words, and to tell you fles from France, and my philanthropical phraseology from
what my sentiments really are ; but I must be content to England. What America wants is to educate the masses
say only what I can express, and to leave untold much and to make them equal before the law, to build railways
that I feel. lam happy, however, that here, in this time- and canals, and to develope her internal commerce. On
honoured Moscow of yours, the centre of Russia and of Rus- these conditions depends the acquisition of technical skill
sian hospitality, I can just pay you my respects, and bid by our mill hands, the increase of our capital, the density
you God speed in your own tongue. It will be a gratifying of our population, and the extension of our foreign trade.
event to remember for the rest of my life that I have been It is from one and the same source that we shall derive
the guest of one of the most celebrated and heroic towns affluence in peace and power in war. In Russia social
of which history relates. Thanking you once again for your and political arrangements may be different, but she will
courtesy and hospitality, I close by quoting the words of derive the same advantage from remaining true to the
one of our American poets :—‘ God bless the great Empire same principles. Our politics and our destinies are linked
that loves our great Republic. Success to its people, and together. May Russia grow and derive ever-increasing
long life to the Czar !' "
vitality from the roots of her old civilisation ! May she
Fresh enthusiasm, fresh hurrahs. The majestic have one God, one Czar, one language, and one undivided
tune of "God save the Czar" again resounded in nation in all futurit) !"
the hall. Mr. Curtin, the Russian reports say, This speech, having been delivered in English,
had been so deeply affected by the solemn import of was intelligible to but few among the audience. M.
his words that his voice trembled, and he could Tchijoff, a director of the Yaroslaff Railway Corn-
not suppress other and more significant signs of Pan)", then drew a comparison between the United
the emotion he experienced. His every passage States and Russia :
"r
was received with prolonged applause. When heamguochmluidee eachTcquevillee in ,
other
in
nhis, manyrespects.
mue
"they were
years
had ended he was embraced, according to the re-
As early as 3 o very
Demo-
ports (and kissed, according to the Russian custom cratie en Amerique," had said that the Russian and
Ame-
rican colossi were the two empires which had been destined
if I may be allowed a conjecture), by every one by Providence for the solution of some of the greatest po-
piesent. litical problems in the world. Both empires were of int-
M. Ryasonoff, the first speaker, then proposed the mense extent, and both had been formed without foreign
health of Gen. Clay, who was presently surrounded
by his hospitable entertainers, and loaded with a ille
e .
e•
assistance. Both were regarded with feelings of envy and
willby Europe,
Ethough they
had never- thought of in-
hundred compliments in Russian, English, and twituhits politics, orconquering a slice of its tern-
French. Prince Shtsherbatoff, the head of the mu-
offered
or indeed asking its assistance in any way. Both
their lands to the immigrant, and had long been an
nicipal authorities of Moscow, thanked Gen. Clay excellent market for the sale of foreign goods. Both—and
for the honour he had conferred upon the inhabit- this was a point which he (the speaker), in his former ca-
ants of the city by spending a day or two among pacity ofeditor of a commrerci.al plapeer,theratdaitedn specially
them, and proposed " The continuance of the good Prompted
ierot ieitovs study—hadon great qpusevistinounsoyf politicaln econvom.yy from
dif-
and mutually advantageous relations between Russia
and America." After this M. Torboff what they did now. They had adopted other views simul-
taneously, and now adhered to a new and peculiar creed in
who had previously declared that for the strong to matters financial. There had been a time when, venerat-
love the strong is both the most natural and profit- ing whatever doctrines had been invented by Western
able way of bestowing their affections) rose at the Europe, both Russia and America had consented to be the
ld
and
wood of
Mr. of the committee to propose the health of Levers Mr. Curtin :
of civilised nations. But they had got over that, and dis-
covered that science was young, that political economy in
" Gentlemen,— Never did I wish so much to be a good
speaker as now. Bu rha it is least necessary
speak well when one has a theme which is sure to appeal learned Burnie was occasionally as mistaken as themselves.
The doctrine of Protectionism might be regarded with a
to the sympathies of every one in the audience. Moreover, mingled feeling of pity and contempt in Western Europe,
whatever pains I might have taken to prepare myself for
but, thank God ! it gained ever fresh proselytes iu both
this rare and joyous occasion, I should never have sue-
Russia and America. A few years ago they had the hon-
ceeded in expressing myself with that force, that warmth,
our of seeing in their country Mr. Carry, the renowned
and that heartfelt cordiality which we have all admired in
the words of one of our guests, who so flatteringly spoke of American scholar, whose deep investigations had estab-
lished the fundamental principle of their economical creed
us in our native tongue. (Applause.) I have risen to thank
in its modern form. Ile would give them "The health of
this our guest—this guest, who, to the common satisfaction Mr. Carry, the valiant defender of national labour in its
of all present, will understand my addressing him in Rus-
' "
sir, as Jeremiah Davidovitch Curtin. (Immense applause.) every form and aspect.
Gentlemen, your enthusiasm hurries me to the cud of my 'The cheers accompanying this toast were cut short
speech. I will imitate the example of our guest, who closed by M. Aksenoff, a Moscow manufacturer, begging
his magnificent address by quoting American poetry. Sir, his mercantile friends to remember that Protection
Jeremiah Davidovitch ! Neither I nor any of my friends had been advocated by Mr. Carry as a temporary
would be able to thank you according to your deserts. measure only, and one which ought to be superseded
Therefore, permit mo to give you a Russian verse in re-
turn for your fine American quotation :
as soon as possible by the great and far higher prin-
The more we feel, the less we speak.' ciple of Free Trade. He hoped both the Russian
"
Gentlemen, fill your glasses and drink to the health of and American industry would make such rapid
Jeremiah Davidovitch Curtin!" strides as to be able to dispense very soon with the
The scene which followed this toast the Russian protection they enjoyed. This speech does not seem
reporters declare their incompetency to describe. to have called forth any applause.
This time we may be quite sure they kissed him. M.Yakuntchikoff, the President of the Mercantile
The rest of the speeches were chiefly devoted to Academy, proposed " The Progress of Education
a curious and semi-political discussion of the old and Enlightenment in our Commercial Classes ;"
controversy between Free-trade and Protectionism. M. Gorboff gave " The Improvement of the Moral
M. Tchetverikoff, a member of the Committee of the and Intellectual Condition of the Mill Hands ;" and
Imperial Exchange, thus dilated upon the manufac- M. Tchijoff, who closed the long list of speakers,
turing interests of the two countries. He said : recited a poem of Aksakoff in honour of the city of
"It was notpoliticalinterest alone which riveted the alli- Moscow. By way of musical epilogue, Russian
ante between the two countries. Their manufacturinginte- national songs were performed by a choral society
rests, too, were identical. They were quite peculiar to them, at the end of the dinnr. Gen. Clay declared them
and had no resemblance to the commercialwants and require-
to be very excellent in their way, begging to be
manta of any other country in the world. Russia and Ante-
rice were the two only countries which, while they abounded On rising from the d favoured with copies of all
table the General was all songs that were in print.
in raw materials, were also large enough and in every way
presented with a photographic album of Moscow
fit to develope an industry of their own. Both, therefore, buildings and a history of the Mercantile Academy
were Protectionist, and both had been made the object of in Russia. The whole ceremony lasted three hours
incessant attacks on the part of the theoretical Freetraders,
as well as the manufacturing communities of those other
countries in the world which had a highly developed in-
dustry, but no raw material to draw upon at home. • Of
course, those countries wanted to obtain the requisite sup-
ply of raw produce from Russia and America, and to resell
it to them in the shape of manufactured goods. The Ger-
man Zollverein had just addressed to Russia a formal ap-
plication to that effect, and he had been among the mem-
bers of the Moscow committee charged with reporting on
it to the Government. He had come to the conviction that
Carry, the American economist, was right in saying that
agriculture would never prosper in a country where there
was nn, industry; and that to develope the latter was the
only means of promoting the former, of enriching all classes
of the people alike, and, as regards Russia and America more
particularly, of restoring the balance in their national
budgets. The consequences of adopting freetrade would be
terrible in both countries. In Russia the corn that was not
required for home consumption had to be sold below cost
price even now, otherwise it could not be exported at all. It
was but stating a plain fact to say that they had 11,000,000
of freedmen among them who chiefly depended for their ex-
istence upon agriculture, and this when agriculture had not
yet become a paying business in the country. But even
were it ever so profitable there would be always the long
winter months to fill up with some industrial pursuit. It
was useless to deny that at present they were idled away
by the largest portion of the peasantry, and that the tariff
might be amended in some respects. The construction of
railways alone would never enrich the agricultural popu-
lation. The Americans had had those railways for many
years past, and the price of corn in the West had still been
exceedingly low. Indeed, the railways had been obliged
to reduce the freight for corn to render its exportation at
all possible. He therefore hoped he would meet with the
approval of all present in proposing tho protection and in-
creasing activity of the Russian and American manufac-
tures ; and as he also held that direct commerce between
the two countries should be as much encouraged as pos-
sible, he would include in his toast the reconstruction of
the American mercantile fleet and the creation of a mer-
cantile navy on the shores and in the shipyards of their
own beloved Russia."

Melancholy Disaster at Sea,—Eating a
Black Cook. '

The Cunard steamer Scotia, which arrived at Liverpool
on Saturday, brings intelligence of the loss of the schooner
Pattie Martin, and the dreadful sufferings of the crew. It
appears that on the night of the 7th ult., the schooner,
which was bound to Hatteras Island, from New Jersey,
struck on the shoals just outside Hatteras Inlet bar, and
immediately filled. The captain and crew were compelled
to seek shelter in the rigging. They had hardly been there
three hours, when the captain, Denis M. Smith, a native
of Camden, New Jersey, was frozen to death, and in about
half an hour afterwards the cook, a black man, perished
from the same cause, leaving two more men, the mate,
named Steeleman, and a sailor named Tolison, in a most
miserable condition. For five days these two unfortunate
men, exposed to the most inclement weather and without
food or water, clung to their frail support. On the evening
of the third day their cravings for something to eat wero
intolerable, and they agreed, as the only means to alleviate
their hunger, to devour a portion of the body of the black
cook, which was done, and upon this they managed to sus-
tain themselves until the 12th, when they were rescued
from their perilous position by some Cape Hatteras pilots.
The poor fellows were in a sad plight, being fearfully frost-
bitten about the legs and feet, as well as, to a certain ex-
tent, mentally deranged.' On reaching the shore, however,
they gradually recovered their reason, but it is feared that
they will lose several of their toes and fingers. The body
of the captain had been recovered. It is feared that but
little of the cargo of the schooner will be saved.

The great influx of emigrants into lowa during
the past few months has caused an advance of $25 to $35
an acre on timber land in Mitchell county. The Osage
lowan states that such lands now sell at $4O to $5O per
acre.

[ADVERTISEMENT.)—That the fearful annual mortality of
60,000 young children and delicate persona of all ages may be
arrested, if, instead of flying blindly to pills and medicines,
which, though apparently relieving the patient, have in
reality no oiler tendency than that of increasing debility,
and with it the danger of life, we were simply to study how
to increase the vital force by imparting new and pure blood,
upon which the harmonious development of the whole frame
depends, has been successfully proved by Du Barry's Inva-
lids' and Infants' Food, the Revalenta Arabia% and its
thousands of cures annually. It yields three times as mush
easily assimilated nourishment as the best meat, end for
children it is the best substitute for human milk. Dr.
Routi', physician to the Samaritan Hospital for Woinen and
Children—the best authority on bitch matters —in his admir-
able publication on Food, says—Amongst the vegetable sub-
stances, th it which comes closest to milk in its composition
is, without doubt, Du Barry's Revalenta Arablea Food, con-
mining. both phosphoric acid in abundance and chloride of
pot asriurn ; it also includrs casein, the same principle which
is found in milk in its constituent parts. No wonder, there-
fore, that under its influence many children affected with
at ophy (wasting away of the body', and marked debt i'y,
have completely recovered. I have given it w i tit the greatest
advantage in such cases ; and so far as I may judge from my
own experience, practice fully carries out what theory,
from a knowledge of its composition, led us to anticipate.—
In tins, 11b., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. ed ; 51b., 11s. ; 121 b., 2:s. ; 2•llb.
405.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London;,
also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King William-street; likewise
at 61, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate-
street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand ;
54, Upper Baker-street; 103, Tottenham-court-road; 90,
Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close
Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St.
John's-wood. London ; and all respectable grocers and che-
sts.—Beware of spurious imitations.

General Clay, the American Minister, replied to
the above (which must have been briefly translated
to him) in an energetic speech :
" Gentlemen,—Among all objects of natural science man
is the most curious, as well as the most complicated. But
a much more complicated organism is a State, comprising
in itself so many different human individualities. Political
science, therefore, is the profoundest of sciences, and at
the same time the most grateful of all. In the remarks we
have just heard, the speaker drew a faithful picture of the
commercial condition of our respective countries. The
Russian and American industry being but young, require
to be rotected against overwhelming competition. It
has taken France and England many centuries to collect
the capital, the skill,
in their and the experience they now employ
mills ; they, too, were Protectionists, while
they had to fear foreign competitors ; and it was only
when they had reached the top of the ladder that they
turned Preetraders, throwing open their markets to all the
world, and requesting all the world—the non-industrial
countries included—to do the same in return. Russia and
America, were they to comply with the request, would, it
is manifest, become tributary to France and England for
all time to come. We, the Americans, should never cease
to furnish them with cotton and tobacco,
while they would
always sell us their calico and cigars at ten or a hundred
times the price they paid for the raw material. Just look at

Witness replied that he did not see this, nor did
he say that he did.
Pressed on this point by Mr. Trails the witness
repeated again and again that he never did see the
spar flying about the deck and striking against the
combings of the engine-room hatchway., and that
he never said he did.
Examination by Mr. O'Dowd resumed—l did not
see the jibboom again, after 7 o'clock on Wednes-
day evening, till about an hour after the engine-
room hatchway had been carried away. This was
on Wednesday night. I then saw the jibboom put
endways down the hatchway in order to support the
sails and tarpaulins. I did not see it unlashed. The
men had it adrift on the port side, and I assisted
them in putting it down the hatchway.
Mr. O'Dowd—l believe the ship was making a
considerable quantity of water at that time ?
Witness—All the water she made was taken down
the hatchway. The scuppers were blocked up with
coals before the hatchway was knocked off, and
afterwards. Some of the coals were thrown over-
board. The scuppers were open to the deck. Two
of the after starboard scuppers were obstructed by
the coals, and I tried to put them right with a piece
of bent iron. I believe the ship had no water ports
to discharge water from the deck. The flying jib-
boom having been put down the hatchway we
stuffed sails and mattresses in as well as we could.
We did this as well as we could ; but the sea drove
us away from the hatchway. We could not put a
tarpaulin on. I was not on deck when the jibboom
was put on the board deck. I went below at twelve
o'clock at noon, on the Wednesday, and the ship
was then on the starboard tack. I returned to the
deck at four, and she was then on the port tack. I
then remained on deck till the next day at two,
when we left the ship, going down occasionally to
fetch up sails and other things. The ship remained
on the same tack till one o'clock on Thursday, an
hour before we left in the boat. At that time she
wore round on the starboard tack.
Mr. Traill—Are you sure of that ?
Witness—Yes.
To enable you to lower the port cutter ?—Yes
her head came up to the wind.
To Captain Harris—l don't know how the wind
was. We went away before the wind. Our course
was NNE, but we bad to keep the ship to the south-
ward and eastward, to keep her before the sea. The
wind was then dead aft. On Monday, the Bth, the
believe the steam was
jibboom to set the maintopsail.
ocia was carried away.
heansdtelana was stopped at four
also ship
uwpa s. under de
believer sa l
t;
linwtashe
oauftedrencokown
hoefuTtuheesdj
We were then on the starboard tack. Prior to that
the ship was pitching very heavily. The jibboom
went overboard and shifted from one bow to the
other.
tacked while I was be-
low. The watches
ceasedto be kept regularly after
I suppose
four o'clock on Wednesday, when we were all
turned out to get in the wreck. The lashings of
the jibboom were sufficient to hold. At the time
the stern lights were driven in I was below getting
up sails. I never saw a sail rolled up and pitched
into the hatchway instead of being opened and
spread over the aperture. I never said so that
I remember. There was a great deal of water
in the after saloon of the main deck. I did not
notice the stern dead lights; and cannot say whether
the water came in through them. As soon as the
hatchway was carried away pumps were set to work.
Fire was lighted in the donkey engine to work the
pumps, and it was going when we left the ship. 'The
flying jibboom was lashed to the deck as soon as it
was brought up ; it was not lying about the deck
loose for 24 hours.

To Mr. Traill—l saw no loose spars knocking
about on the deck. I saw the skylight on the deck
just after it was knocked off lying on the starboard
side. An attempt was made to replace it. I as-
sisted, but it was smashed to pieces. We could not
get it on on account of there being so much sea on
deck. In a quarter of an hour it was smashed. I
did not see the tarpaulin. I don't know what the
skylight weighed.

Mr. Wigram, in reply to Captain Harris, said the
skylight might weigh a couple of tons.
To questions of Captain Harris, the witness re-
plied that, to the best of his belief, the ship was not
making water before the hatchway skylight was
carried away. He assisted in putting a sail over
the aperture and nailing it down to the deck.
To Captain Baker..._] cannot say that I saw the
yards squared so that the ship might be kept before
the wind to get back to Plymouth. I do not re- '
member the ship being before the wind except for a
short time before we left. The ship was on a wind
on the port tack when the maintopsail was split. I
was on deck when the sail was set. When it split
one half was blown away. The engines were going
when the jibboom pitched away. I had never been
a voyage in the London before. The ship did not
appear to labour more than other ships in such
weather. The weather was very rough, with a cross
high sea. This was my first voyage in a steam-
ship.

To Mr. Traill—When the ship wore she went