The Sun.
London, England, 1835-11-20 00:00:00

Zibt 1,311,.

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 20, 1535.

The whole of the Paris papers of Wednesday have
been received. Their contents are wholly uninter-
esting. The trial of FIESCHI, the probability of a war
with the United States, and the speech of the CZAR
at Warsaw, are the only topics dwelt upon in these
journals. With respect to the AUTOCRAT'S harangue
the Constitutionnel says :
".We have before us a curious document, which
may serve as a commentary on the speech of the Em-
peror NICHOLAS to the municipality of Warsaw.
This document gives the description of the ancient
fortifications of Warsaw, and of the citadel newly
constructed by the Russians, the whole being ac-
companied by an exact plan, the authenticity of which
is now sufficiently confirmed. The ancient fortifica-
tions of 'Warsaw are composed—lst, of a semi-circular
line of circumvallation, which towards the west sur-
rounds the city, the opposite side of which borders
upon the Vistula ; 2d, of two ranges of redoubts, also
on the western side ; 3d, of the little citadel
of Wola, outside of the redoubts, on the road
to Berlin ; and finally, of the head of the
bridge of Praga, on the eastern bank of the
river. All these fortifications were directed against
the foreign enemy, and the defence was sup-
ported by the fortress of i\lodlin, on the right bank
of the Vistula, on the north-west of the capital.
Within these few years NICHOLAS has constructed
at Warsaw a new citadel, much more extensive than
that of the Wola. Beginning at the northern part
of the city, on the left bank of the Vistula, it com-
mands Warsaw ; it extends into the interior, and oc-
cupies its most elevated part ; it will contain a nume-
rous garrison ; its ordnance points towards the city,
and a bridge has been built, by which it communi-
cates with the right bank. In case of an attempt to
take it by assault in any insurrection, Warsaw would
be destroyed before the garrison could be compelled to

yield. These facts will account for the speech of
NICHOLAS, and will throw light on the language
employed by Russia of late years. While the citadel
remained unfinished, the Court of St. Petersburgh
preserved some consideration towards Poland, and
spoke of amnesty, of conciliation, and nationality.
Now it throws off the mask, and no longer fearing
that a people in despair will destroy the works in pro-
' gress, it declares the nationality of Poland to be abo-
lished, and considers of non-effect the stipulations of
the treaty of Vienna, the promises of ALEXANDER, and
those of NICHOLAS himself." If such indeed were the
real cause of the change in the language of the AUTO-
CRAT towards the Poles, we should have but an indif-
ferent opinion of his military talents. Warsaw is not Po-
land in the same sense as Paris is France, or London is
England. Poland is virtually without heart or head—
without any spot which can be pointed out as the focus
of wealth, patriotism, and public opinion. This, in fact,
is one of the reasons why we expect with such confi-
dence the resuscitation of Polish independence. Every
spot is equally the centre of vitality, and therefore to
annihilate in it the germ of nationality, it would be
necessary for the CZAR to erect fortifications, and place
garrisons on every square mile in the kingdom.
The Temps mentions as a rumour, that Lord PAL-
MERSTON has offered the friendly mediation of Eng-
land between France and America, and that hisproposal
has been taken into consideration by the Council of
Ministers, which has decided that Lord GRANVILLE
should be requested to thank the British Cabinet for
its obliging offer, but says that the Cabinet of France
could not accept it. The same Journal adds, that this
decision on the part of the French Government, may
account for the armament preparing at Brest, which is
presumed to be in anticipation of a rupture with the
States.

The advices from the north of Spain are unimpor-
tant. The speech of the Queen of SPAIN on open-
ing the new Session of the Cortes was anxiously ex-
pected at Paris on Wednesday, but had not arrived
when the mails departed for London. The Consti-
tutionnei states, on the authority of letters from Kiel,
that the interview between Lord DURHAM and the
Emperor NICHOLAS at Kiew, was exceedingly cold,
formal, and short withal. We are not sorry for this,
especially as we know that the Noble Earl will not
compromise the honour and interests of Great Britain.
The Memorial Bordelais, which is well acquainted with
the projects of the family of Don Carlos, says that it has
the following in a letter from Paris :—" It seems certain
that the Princess of Beira, the three sons of Don Carlos,
and the Princess Amelia of the Two Sicilies, consort of the
Infant Don Sebastian, Grand Prior of the Order of St.
John, will shortly come to Paris. The cholera which pre-
vails in Italy, and the rigour of the season, which is much
felt by persons accustomed to a mild southern climate, have
induced them to transfer their residence to Paris."—/lies-
sager, Nov. 18.
FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS. NOVEMBER IS.
Five per Cents., 10Sf. 35c. 95c. 50c. 6,c.
Four per Cents., 09f. 50e.
Three per Cents., Mf. 95c. 90c. 81t sc. 10c. 15c.
flank Actions, 2,13. f.
Rente de Naples, Put. 30c. 40c. MC.
Roman Five per Cents., 101 !4,
Royal Spanish Loan, 3514,.
' Renee fl'Espagrre, Five per Cents. 36.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents., 101%.
Portuguese Three per Cents. 5314.
Haytian Loan, 39_2. 50e.
• EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, —f. —c. ; money, 251. 50c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 3.5 c. ; money, 25f. Mc.
ilmrs Authenfiaue.

BOURSE THREE O'CLOCK.—The French Three per Cents.
were extremely flat, 80f. 90c., before the opening of the
Bourse ; they, however, rallied immediately, opening at 80f.
95c., and gradually improving to 81f. 35c. A great quantity
of Rentes has been bought by principal brokers.
The Spanish stocks are also on the rise, and in much de-
mand, which raises a belief that there will be some passage
favourable to the finances in the Royal speech.
QUARTER TO FOUR.—Five per Cents., 1081. 85c. ; Three
per Cents., 81f. 35c. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, 36; Three
per Cents. Spanish, —; Cortes, —; Coupons, 24* ; Gueb-
hards, —; Differes, 16 ; New Loan, —; Actives, 49 ;
Passives, 144; Ducats, 99 50 ; Romans, 101; ; Pedros, ;
Belgians, 1014 ; Dutch, —f. —c. ; Haytians, 392 f. 50e. ;
Miguels, 201 ; Brabant Bank, —; Belgian Bank, 14 ; Con-
tinuation, —c. ; New Differes,

New York Papers to the 17th ult. have been re,
ceived. The following arc extracts :---
(From the Washington Globe.)

We learn that the Commissioners appointed to -treat
w►th the Western Indians have returned to Fort-Gibson,
after having successfully accomplished the object of their
mission. A treaty of amity was concluded by them between
the United States and the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctows,
Osagees, Seneccas, and Quapaws. Nothing occurred to
interrupt the general harmony, and all parties separated
with good feeling.
There is no doubt but that this arrangement will be
productive of happy effects. It is the first time that these
wild Indians have met upon such .an occasion. They have
heretofore kept the frontier in a state of alarm, and have
attacked with equal impunity citizens of the United
States and Indians.

FROM NOVA SCOTIA.—We are indebted to Mr. Hudson,
of the Merchants' News Room, for various Halifax papers,
coming down to the 9th inst. They contain nothing of in-
terest, however, except the particulars of a great fire at
St. John's, which is also thus briefly noticed in the Boston,
papers :—" A fire which broke out at St. John's, N. F.,
evening of September '2O, destroyed the block of buildings
fronting on Water-street, and on both sides of Waldgrave-
street ; about 60 tenements in all. From 70 to SO poor
families among the sufferers."
MEXlCO.—Journals from Tampico of the 10th ult., and
from Mexico of the 2d, have been received at New Orleans.
The most important intelligence they bring is the treaty
between General Bravo (dated Chilpancingo, the 25th of
August) and Alvarez, with those connected with him in his
recent movements in the Southern States of Mexico. By
this treaty Alvarez agreed to lay down his arms, and to re-
tire to the southern part of the Mexican territories, provided
he, Pinzon, Primo Tapia, and Francisco Mongoy, should
be conveyed in a Government ship, have all their expenses
disbursed by the Government, and that the arrears of
pay due to the army since the 23d of March should be paid.
Three thousand dollars were immediately ordered by the
Mexican Ministry to ratify the terms of the treaty.

IVe congratulate the liberal Reformers of the Ward
of Aldgate, upon the election of Mr. Sheriff SALo-
MONs to the Aldermanic dignity. We were the first
to recommend him to their suffrages ; and the result
proves that we neither miscalculated the popularity of
the candidate, nor over-rated the liberal patriotism Of
the citizens of London. With such supporters Reform
must triumph over every obstacle.

It appears from some documents, published by a
gentleman named BEAUMONT, relative to a corres-
pondence between himself and the Foreign-Office, on
the subject of his brother, that the latter has been
confined in the prison of St. Pelagic for upwards of
eighteen months, without having been brought to
trial, on the somewhat vague and indefinite charge of
having been concerned in plots against the existing
French Government. Of course the gentleman's
health is sinking under this protracted incarceration,
and what aggravates his sufferings is, that there ap-
pears, at present, no chance of his being brought to
public trial. Surely our Ambassador at Paris should
take some notice of this case ; for it is abhorrent to all
notions of humanity, that a man should be treated as a
criminal for upwards of a year and a half, who has
never been convicted of any offence. NAPOLEON, in
the height and wantonness of his power, never perpe-
trated a more despotic act than this.

The Agricultural Associations are at present exhi-
biting an unusual degree of activity. Meetings are
held, speeches delivered, and resolutions passed, in
various parts of the country, with an apparent ear-
nestness which would lead one to suppose, that those
who are making these extraordinary exertions have
some attainable object in view. When, however, we
come to look below the surface—beyond the mere
bustle and show of the proceedings—we soon discover

that the only point on which the parties meeting,
speechifying, and resolving can agree is, that agricul-
ture must be relieved. But how this is to be done—
in what particular manner this relief is to be adminit-

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 183&

tered—there seem to be as many opinions as speakers.
Lord CHANDOs, in Buckinghamshire, holds forth, ex
cathedra, on the advantages of his old nostrum, the
Repeal of the Malt Tax, that unrivalled specific by
which he very nearly overset the clap-trap Adminis-
tration, and placed so many professed Repealers in an
awkward predicament with their constituents. The
Noble Marquis does not find so willing an audience as
on former occasions ; for no sooner has he pronounced
his eulogium on the sovereign remedy, than up starts
an eminent agriculturist, and declares his opinion that
the Repeal of the Malt Tax would not only do no
good, but would actually be injurious to the farmers I
In Yorkshire, again, Mr. CAYLEY'S favourite pa-
nacea does not seem to go down much better. The
Chairman of the Central Yorkshire Agricultural As-
sociation attributes the present loiv price of agricultural
produce to the contraction of the circulation occasioned
by PEEL'S Bill for the resumption of cash-payments,
and very consistently proposes as a remedy for the evil
a counter-operation on the currency! To this project
Sir EDWARD VAVASOUR, a member of the Asso-
ciation, and a great landed proprietor, strongly objects.
In Shropshire, if we may judge from the proceed-
ings at the late meeting in Shrewsbury, at which Lord
DARLINGTON presided, there seems to be an equal
diversity of opinion. There, as well as at York, the
Chairman of the Meeting imputed the distress of the
agriculturists to PEEL'S Bill, and recommended ah
augmentation of the circulating medium.

We think it would have been wise in those who
are making this agricultural stir had they first agreed
upon some remedy for the evil of which they complain,
and then considered whether it was in the power of
the Legislature to provide that remedy, before they ap-
plied to Parliament. Neither of these things have
they done. Those who advocate the repeal of the
Malt Tax have not shown how that measure would
raise the price of wheat, the cheapness of which is
the evil for which they want a remedy, and the grow-
ers of barley do not complain. That article brings a
fair remuneration for the capital and labour bestowed
on its cultivation. Nor have the repealers conde-
scended to point out the source from which the five
millions of revenue, raised by the Malt Tax, is to be
supplied when that tax is taken off. Are the land-
owners prepared for a Property Tax ?
Those agriculturists who attribute their distresses
to the scarcity of money, are, if possible, still
more unreasonable. They cry out that more
money is wanted to raise the price of corn ; and
Mr. CAYLEY, and those who think with him,
imagine that changing the standard from gold
to silver, would have the effect of rendering cash
more plentiful, not considering that were it so, the
agriculturist would still hold the same relative
position which he does now. But we need only reply
to the argument about the scarcity of money, that the
Three per Cents. are at 92. That simple fact speaks
volumes. As to the magic effect to be produced on
agriculture by a silver standard, we are not very san-
guine. We find that the Dutch landowners are com-
plaining of agricultural distress, and clamouring for a
Corn Law to protect their interests ; and yet they have
a silver standard in Holland I The truth is, that it is
utterly impossible to keep up the price of corn by any
artificial method. In 1815, when the Corn Law was
passed, wheat was at 80s. It has continued to decline
in spite of the protection of this law, and in spite of
the consumption of a greatly augmented population,
until it is now little more than 405., and hardly any
is imported from abroad. Either then, there is a
vastly increased production of the article, or the people
have substituted some other kind of food for wheaten
bread. Can the Legislature afford a remedy for either
of these evils ?—to use the agricultural phrase.
No. The remedy is entirely in the power of the land-
owners, and they know it. Let then: reduce their
rents. Let them accommodate themselves to the
inevitable necessity of the case ; for they must see
that, do what they will, high rents and low prices
cannot long co-exist.

The last intelligence from Holland is very important
in a commercial point of view. The Dutch landowners,
it appears, are anxious to follow the example of their
English class-fellows, by establishing a system of
Corn Laws for the protection of agriculture. They
have already taken the necessary steps for carrying
their enlightened project into execution, and have
brought the question before the Legislative Assembly.
The commercial interest has taken the alarm, and is
up in arms against it. Had the matter rested here it
would have been comparatively of little interest to us,
except, perhaps, as a subject of curious speculation.
It might have suggested to the political economist a
few reflections on the slow progress, or rather the
retrogradation, of his favourite science, among the in-
industrious and once enterprising inhabitants of the
United Provinces, who are now endeavouring to im-
pose on a commerce, already crippled and decaying,
a burden which, even in its flourishing and palmy state,
it could not bear ; or if it could, which their wiser fore-
fathers determined it should not bear.

If Holland chooses to sacrifice her mercantile,
manufacturing, and shipping interests to gratify the
short-sighted cupidity of her landed proprietors,
she is at perfect liberty so to do. She ought to be
the best judge of her own interest, and being
an independent State, no one can with propriety inter-
fere with her free agency. Some of her neighbours,
however, hold a different doctrine. No sooner was
the question mooted by the Dutch Legislature, than
Prussia declares her resolution to make reprisals.
Now it may be for the benefit of Holland, if this im-
pudent threat should have the effect of preventing the
passing of the proposed law ; but what shall be said
of the principle involved in this audacious menace ?
We do not deny the right of Prussia to regulate her
commercial relations with other countries according to
her own pleasure. If Holland lays an importation
duty on corn, Prussia may retaliate by a duty on the im-
portation of the productions of Holland. This is all
right enough. It is what may be called a fair stand-
up fight, in which the weakest must eventually go to
the wall. But Prussia in her individual capacity, and
Prussia acting as the director of the Germanic Con-
federation, are two very different things. What she
means by reprisals it is not difficult to understand.
Nothing is farther from her thoughts than to limit
her retaliation to a duty on Dutch goods imported
into her own territories. Having succeeded, by con-
summate artifice, in drawing the German States into
her toils, and placing herself at the head of what she
calls a Commercial League, she now wields an enor-
mous illegitimate power, which she will bring to bear
against Holland, by interdicting the commerce of that
country from Germany.

The demonstration which Prussia has just made
against Holland will, we trust, at last open the eyes
of the other European Powers to her sinister inten-
tions, and to their own true interests. They have
hitherto
been culpably negligent in not opposing the-
arrogant
pretensions of Prussian ambition: They
have stood by like unconcerned spectators, while
Prussia has been working her way to the com-
manding position which she now occupies—a po-
sition alike dangerous to the interests, and in-
compatible with the honour, of other nations. As
Farmer-General of the German Customs, she, in fact,
holds the whole of Germany under lock and key; and
not a bale of goods can pass the frontier of a country

inhabited by twenty-five millions of men, without her
permission, which may be granted or refused just as it
suits her caprice.
Is this to be tolerated ? Will England and France
submit to such a humiliating state of things ? We
are sure they will not. When the bad conspire,
the good must combine. Prussia must be taught
that what she designates a " Commercial League,"
is in reality a foul conspiracy against the commerce
of other States, which must be broken up immedi-
ately. If she will not listen to the dictates of justice,
she must be brought to reason by other means. She
cannot be ignorant that, if she provoke the resentment
of England and France—to say nothing of other na-
tions—they can resort to arguments which it might
cause her some embarrassment to answer, versed though
she be in diplomatic chicanery.

We have much pleasure in directing the attention
of our readers to the Prospectus and Report, published
by the Provisional Committee appointed by the Great
Leinster and Munster Railway Company, to make
preliminary arrangements for connecting the capital of
Ireland with the south-west coast, by means of a Rail-
road. The hopes to which we gave such confident
expression, when the question was first mooted, have not
been disappointed ; and from the unanimity of opinion
which prevails in every quarter, we are more sanguine
now than ever we were, that a brighter and a happier
day is about to dawn over Ireland. The Company
has commenced its labours in good earnest ; and as the
only material obstacle in its way is the want of an Act
of Parliameilt, we are sure that the Legislature will
take the earliest opportunity of sanctioning a work so
necessary to the prosperity of the country.
It will be seen by the Report, that it is proposed to
carry the Railway from Dublin to the ancient city of
Kilkenny, in the first instance ; and subsequently to
extend it in a southward direction to the coast. This
is wisely resolved. The completion of the line to
Kilkenny—in consequence of the stimulus which it
would give to trade—would, in the course of a few
weeks, infuse a spirit of enterprise into the na-
tional mind of Ireland, of which even its com-
mercialists can have but an inadequate con-
ception. We are glad to find that the Com-
mittee, in its Report, did not lose sight of the interest
which the labouring class has in this great under-
taking. The permanent relief of the labouring poor
of Ireland has, to some extent, occupied the serious
attention of this Journal for the last six years ; and as
the Great Leinster and Munster Railway promises to
be pre-eminently useful to this class, the Company may
calculate upon our best support.

MUSIC.

DRAMATIC SKETCHES, FOR THE PIANO.

FORTE.
Mori : London. 1835.

There are much grace and sweetness in these Airs,
which are the composition of Mr. W. Holmes, Pro-
fessor of the Royal Academy of Music—a gentleman
well acquainted with all the resources of his art.

LITERATURE.

COLB URN'S MODERN NOVELISTS.—Nos. 5, 6.

Colburn : London. 1835.

These two Numbers form the concluding portion of
Mr. Bulwer's novel of " Pelham," and thus we have
the tale entire, with the author's preface and latest re-
visions, for six shillings I It is an additional recom-
mendation, and calculated considerably to increase the
popularity of this Miscellany, that it is published in
Weekly Numbers, at One shilling each, so that even
the poorest class of readers may be enabled to pur-
chase it.