The Sun.
London, England, 1866-03-17 00:00:00

.'THE SON, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENZG, MARCH 17, 1866.

to 6,250,000, and the latter to 14,250,000
--...---..—..--...-----=-0.------_-- _
showing an increase of wealth of about 130
ced
better treated than the young were qualifyi'D‘ag_ bdeolrlaredv.s;
themselves for commissions in the Royal Artillery
cent. in
men who
I see the increase of population has been very
ten years.
and do other menial operations. The mode of exaca Engineers. They were made to brush their own.c.loitaLnhae_a" , per
tion was most objectionable, because they were in many
steady d •
l's them ;i during the last
instances asked questions which it was impossible
..sixty years. It has never
to answer. He had taken the trouble to submit some i been less than 32f per cent. increase in any ten
of the mathematical questions to a first-.ratendschciari
tr years of that period, and it has not exceeded 35f
and he had informed him thatk itN
calculationssu .whichunoi:lr . per cent. increase during a similar period of that
to call upon young men to make There is no doubt that during the last five
the most practised and. clever. mathematician could. time.
work out. The only article of which there seemed to bu
snabundance of was professors— (hear, hear)—as he
an
there was one professor to every fouryears the • increase of population in America has
been checked by the war. There have probably
cad 'ets. 1 been from 500,000 to 750,000 killed during that
(Laughter.) In our public schools generally 0 aere 1 period, and of course emigration to some extent has
was one tutor to every twenty-five scholars, v
f hue, 1 been checked on account of the disorganised state of
t.
at Eton and Harrow he believed there was a mast er a 1
the country. You will be surprised, however, when
every 22 boys. The food supplied to the cadets was botl li
limited in quantity and bad in quality, and there were °the r I tell you that the war has not made much difference
matters which made it of the utmost importance that tt to in the stream of emigration that is constantly flow-
commission which he asked for should be granted. ing into the States, and still more surprised, when
Col. S. KNOX said he agreed in a great many of the I remark that it is probable that the extra flow of
observations of the noble lord, but he could not thin. k a I emigration during the next four years will most
young soldier was any the worse for a little roughing. He likely more than make up the losses of the war and
saw several gentlemen around who at Eaton brushed. -their
check of emigration during its progress ; and that
own and other people's shoes, and yet they made jus t as
good members of that house as others which had not had it is more than likely that when the census of 1870
to do so. is taken it will show a greater increase of population
Mr. ACLAND said the subject of military education during the present ten years than during any other
was one of the highest importance, and he hoped the noble decade of the country's history. It is interesting to
marquis, who now stood at the head of the War Depart- notice the regular increase of emigration to
meat, would thoroughly sift the whole matter to the
America during the last forty years. For in-
bottom, in order that that which was objectionable
stance :
should be removed, and that young gentlemen qualifying
for commissions in the army should be treated with that
consideration which they had a right to expect.
Sir J. FERGUSON did not think it was necessary that
cadets should go through the drill and private duties of
private soldiers. He thought that the cadet should be
treated in a manner likely to make him become a well-
disciplined and efficient officer.
The Marquis of HARTINGTON stated that:the system
of education and discipline both at Woolwich and Sand-
hurst had been altered and modified in accordance with a
report of the Royal commission which was appointed
whilst Lord Panmure was at the War-office.
Captain VIVIAN said the question they were discuss-
ing was a most important one, and it could only satisfac-
torily be decided by the agency of a royal commission.
The house then divided. The numbers were—
For the amendment 132
Against
Majority --20
FENIAN PRISONERS.
Mr. BLAKE called attention to the alleged severe re-
strictions to which the prisoners arrested under the sus-
pension of the Habeas Corpus Act were subjected in the
gaol at Waterford, and inquired whether specific directions
were given by the Government as to the treatment of
those prisoners ; and if so, whether there would be any
objection to state the nature of such directions, to which
of the prison authorities they were transmitted, and through
what medium ?
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL for IRELAND said
that, from the reports which he had received, the prisoners
referred to had not been treated in any way but to the ex-
tent that was necessary to insure their safe custody.
They were not, he could assure the house, in any way
subjected to severe restrictions. The reports which had
been circulated, and on which the hon.member had founded
his statement, could only have been made for the purposes
of the persons originating them.
After a few words from Mr. MAGUIRE, who com-
plained of the treatment of the prisoners in the gaol of
Cork,
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that
in that case a full inquiry should made into the matter.
The subject then dropped.
Mr. WHITESIDE drew attention to some statements
made in a morning journal reflecting upon the administra-
tion of justice in the county of Monaghan by the High
Sheriff, and offered explanations of the disturbances which
took place at Castleblayney on the occasion of the election
for that place on the 22d of July last.
After a long discussion, in which the Irish members
mainly took part,
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL for IRELAND made a
very full statement in vindication of the functionary whose
conduct was impugned.
The subject then dropped.
Mr. WIIALLEY called attention to the report of the
committee on turnpike trusts, 1864, in which they stated
that " tolls aro unequal in pressure, costly in collection,
inconvenient to the public, and injurious as causing a
serious impediment to intercourse and traffic, and that the
abolition thereof would be beneficial to the community ;"
and asked what steps the Government intended to take to
give effect to the said report ?
Mr. BARING, in reply, said that all roads must be paid
for in some way, and that many of the lines of way alluded
to were guaranteed by special Acts of Parliament. The
Government did not, at present, intend to take any steps
in the direction towards which the hon. member pointed.
A very desultory discussion ensued, and the topic ulti-
mately dropped.
The house then went into committee on the Navy Esti-
mates. Having agreed to the vote for new works, a short
discussion took place on the vote for half-pay and the new
system of retireineet. Ultimately the vote was postponed.
The committee then proceeded with the Army Estimates,
and the discussion of a few items occupied nearly the
whole of the remainder of the sitting.
The house then resumed.
On the motion for the consideration of the Parliamentary
Oaths Amendment Bill,
Mr. NEWDEGATE made a short speech announcing
his intention on the third reading of moving the re-com-
mittal of the bill.
The remaining orders were run through rapidly, and the
house adjourned.

Persons Emigrated.
From 1820 to 1830 these were 0n1y... 244,490
17 1830 to 1840 ~
... 552,000
71 1840 to 1850 ?? ... 1,558,300
1850 to 1860 77 ... 2,707,624

Total in 40 years 5,062,414
—giving a yearly average, over the forty years, of
126,560 persons ; but taking the last ten years, from
1850 to 1860, the yearly average was 270,762 per-
sons.

The Resources of America.

The following is the substance of a speech deli-
vered by Handel Cosham, Esq., before the Stroud
Institute :

EXTENT OF TERRITORY.

Let me ask you to think of the vast extent of that
territory that is now under the control and govern-
ment of the United States. It may be roundly
stated as about three millions of square miles, or
nearly 2,000 millions of acres. Of this vast area
somewhere between one-third and one-fourth has
yet to be allotted. This unallotted land is in the
hands of the Government, and is granted at a mere
nominal charge to all citizens of America in lots of
160 acres, or a quarter of a square mile. Provision,
however, is made that parties shall not claim or hold
large tracts of this unoccupied territory to the ex-
clusion of others, by making it necessary that the
person claiming a section of this unoccupied territory
shall also reside upon it. The charge for this land
does not usually amount to more than one dollar or
one and a-half dollars per acre. Now it must not
be overlooked that this mode of allotting the soil of
America is sure to attach to that country its popu-
lation and people. There is nothing that so attaches
a people to any country as an interest in the soil.
Here you have one secret of all the development of
patriotism that America has displayed during the
last four years.

on the public debt to meet the current expenses of
'the country ; and owing to the economy with which
the Government of the United States is conducted it
is probable that quite half this amount will be de-
voted to lessening the public debt. You have
heard people here talk of the Americans " repudiat-
ing " their debt. Don't believe such nonsense. I
found nowhere a desire to repudiate the debt. They
will repay the money they borrowed among them-
selves. America has never repudiated a debt. The
State of Mississppi once repudiated a state debt,
under the instigation of Jeff. Davis—(laughter)—
but the American people never repudiated a shilling,
and never will. Every man feels that the Govern-
ment represents him, and that he is a part of it.
What it does he does ; what it incurs he incurs. lie
feels a pride to pay his liability. (Cheers.)
Although four years ago they were the lit
taxed people in the world, and are now the most
heavily taxed, they are almost impatient to have
more taxes put on that the debt may be speedily
paid.

CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS.

There is another point to be considered in esti-
mating the resources of America namely, the
wonderful variety of climate and productive power
of the country. America has such a variety of
natural productions that she could live within her-
self, even if shut out from all the rest of the world.
Over an area so vast that it stretches one-eighth of
the distance round the globe, it is natural to expect
that the climate will vary in different parts ; and
hence we find that while the South produces cotton,
sugar, and fruits in abundance, the Central States
can grow corn and wheat to almost any extent ; and
while the North can produce timber, metals, and
other necessaries, it is manifest that a country with
such resources must progress. I see that good tea
is now being grown in the State of Georgia ; and
the fact is, the climate and variety of soil in
America will enable them to produce almost every-
thing they need. I have already remarked upon
its great corn and meat-producing districts. In our
present scarcity of meat it may be interesting to
know that in the Western States they produce
millions of hogs. They have the most scientific
way of killing and packing them that ever I saw,
and it is all done by machinery. They kill four
hogs a minute, and within twenty minutes from the
time you first hear the pig express his displeasure
at what is going to happen, he is killed, cut up,
salted, packed, and on his way to Europe. (Laughter.)
It is also worthy of note that though America is a
vast continent, and has all the advantages of a
variety of climate and an endless variety of natural
productions, yet she also has the great advantage of
isolation and separation from all the complications
of foreign entanglements. You will not fail to
have noticed that most of our wars, and the great-
est portion of our national debt, have been incurred,
not in defending our shores from invasion, not in
struggles to preserve our national existence, but in
foreign entanglements, with which, in the main, we
have had nothing to do. America, free from all
these alliances which have caused us the expenditure
of so much blood and treasure, is able to follow out
the teaching of her great Father and Founder—
" Commercial treaties with all ; entangling alliances
with none "—and with the exception of some little
difficulty with the French Emperor relative to
Mexico, which, I have no doubt, Napoleon will get
over with his usual good sense, by withdrawing his
troops ; and also with the exception of some little
controversy relative to Canada, they are free from
foreign complications and engagements. This is
an important point to notice in estimating the re-
sources of any country, and I beg you to remember
it in estimating the resources of the United States of
America.

they build in every village. To my mind it was a
blessed sight to see in those woods, wilds, and
prairies, in every spot where the industry of man
had built a few log huts, the little church, with its
neat spire pointing to the skies, and directing man's
thoughts up to the source of all good. And remem-
ber all the churches built in America are the out-
growth of Christian willinghood. They are not the
result of State machinery, not the production of
State pay ; they are evidences of the love of the peo-
ple to religious worship, and the desire to spread the
influence of Christian truth. From New England,
as a centre, there has radiated the light of the Gos-
pel, and the blessed influence of the Bib'-e. May
blessings, rich, abundant, and abiding, fall upon the
heads of a people thus trying to permeate a new
country, and a vast continent, with Christian in-
fluences. (Cheers.) From all these considerations
I have come back to England under the conviction
that the resources of America point to a great future
for that country. It is rich in the possession of ma-
terial, intellectual, and moral greatness. Its past
history has been glorious ; its future shall be yet
brighter and fairer. If it has contrived to exist and
grow under the curse and blight of slavery, how will
it expand and flourish under the more genial sun-
shine of universal freedom ? And I have come back,
tco, with the conviction deepened, that the civilisa-
tion and progress of our race is not going to be
stopped at the New World. I believe that there a
higher form of self-government will be reached, a
nobler type of civilisation will be attained, and a
purer and more apostolic system of religious teach-
ing will be developed to bless the world than we have
yet seen.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

WARWICK SPRING RACES-FRIDAY.

A Handicap Hurdle Race of 5 sovs each, 1 ft, with 30
added. One mile and a half, over four flights of hurdles.

16 subs.
Mr. Barber's Cutler, aged, 9st (Thorpe) 1
Mr. Barber's Cutaway, 5 yrs, lOst 41b (W. Walters) 2
Lord Poulett's Wild Thyme, 5 yrs, 9st ilb (J. Pago) 3

The following also ran :—Charming Woman, Teddy,
Gamecock, Threadbare, and Corsica.
Mr. Barber declared to win with Cutler.

Betting-2 to 1 agst Wild Thyme, 2to 1 agst Mr. Bar-
ber's two coupled, 4 to 1 agst Gamecock, 5 to 1 agst Thread-
bare.

The Grand Military Gold Cup, value 100 guineas, added
to a sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, h ft, with 100 added,
12st each ; winners extra ; officers not having ridden in
a steeplechase or hurdle race allowed 51b. 20 subs.
Captain Johnstono's Ironsides, 13st (includ. 141 b extra
(Colonel Knox 1
Mr Stevenson's Glencairn, last (including 141 b extra
(Mr Lawrence 2
Mr Wingfield's Lady Florence, 12st 101 b (inc 101 b ex
(Captain Riddell 3
The following also ran :—Merrimac, g by Bolingbroke,
Tommy, Shandos, Agnes, Victoria, and Vousden.
Betting 2to 1 agst Merrimac, 4 to 1 agst the Boling-
broke g, 6 to 1 each agst Ironsides and Lady Florence,
100 to 3C each agst Tommy and Glencairn coupled.
The Grand Military Hunters' Stakes, of 3 sovs each, with
75 added ; 12st each ; certain allowances. Three miles.
16 subs.

Capt. Hon. It. Hare's Wizard, aged, 12st...(Capt. Smith 1
Captain Tempest's Rupert, aged, 12st (Owner 2
Mr Candy's Early Purl, aged, 12st (Owner 3
The following also ran :—Sambo, Sunbeam, Fra Diavola,
The Buck, and Malvern Hill.
Betting-7 to 2 agst Wizard, sto 1 agst Rupert, and 6
to 1 agst Sunbeam. _ _

A Selling Steeplechase of 3 sovs each, with 25 added,
list 71b each ; winners extra ; selling allowances. Two
miles. 7 subs.

Colonel Knox's The Aggressor, (.£3O), lOst 71b
(W. Reeves) 1
Mr Reginald Herbert's Corsica, 5 yrs (£3O), lOst 71b
(Sadler) 2
Mr Bilham's Rochester, aged (X3O), lOst 31b (inc. 61b
extra) (J. Land) 3

The following also ran : —Advent, Black Swan, and
Medusa.

Betting-5 to 2on The Aggressor, Bto 1 agst Corsica,
and 10 to 1 apt any other.
The Veteran Stakes of 10 sovs each, h ft, with 100 added ;
12st 71b each ; winners extra. Three miles. 15 subs.
Mr Heneage's Lincoln, 13st (inc. 71b ex.) ...(Capt. Hare) 1
Captain Handley's Pallas Lass, 12st 71b (Colonel Knox)42
Captain Machell's Acrobat, 13st 71b (inc. 141 b ex.)
(Mr Lawrence) 3

Ace of Hearts and Loo also ran.
Betting— 5 to 4 agst Acrobat, 2 to 1 agst Ace of Hearts,
100 to 30 agst Lincoln, 8 to 1 " bar three."

CROXTON PARK RACES-FRIDAY.

The Farmers' Plato of 50 sovs each, 20 to the second, and
five to the third, for hunters; weight for age; certain
penalties and allowances. Heats. Two miles.
Mr George Wood's Woodwell Head, 6 yrs, 12st 51b

(Owner) 1 2
Mr William Sill's Effie Deans, 6 yrs, 12st 21b (Owner) 2 2
Mr F. Vincent's Gentle Annie, 6 yrs, 12st 21b
(Mr Watson) 3 5
Mr W. Rawlings' Gipsy, 4 yrs, 13st 31b (Owner) 4 3
Mr T. J. Burrows' Ambrose, 4 yrs, 13st 21b
(Mr Burrows, jun.) 5 0
Messrs Hutton and Gill's Tixover, 5 yrs, 12st

(Mr Laxton) 6 4
Mr W. Howard's Fairy, 5 yrs, list 111 b (Owner) 7dr
Mr James Cooper's Cleopatra, 5 yrs, list 111 b
(Mr R. Horspool) dis.
Betting-2 to lon Ambrose, and sto 1 "bar one." After
going about a mile Woodwell Head took up the running,
was not again headed, and won in a canter by 10 lengths.
Second Heat—Betting-2 to 1 on Woodwell Head, who
had tho race in hand throughout and won, hard held, by
four lengths.

The Belvoir Castle Stakes of 10 sovs each, with 80 added
for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b; with penal-
ties and allowances. One mile. 11 subs.
Mr G. Craven's Caustic, Bst 61b (W. Goater, jun.) 1
Mr T. Parr's Lochiel, Bst 61b (Hopkins) 2
Sir F. Johnstone's Cranford, 9st 31b (inc 71b ex) (Parry) 3
Betting-6 to 4on Cranford, 2to 1 agst Caustic, and sto
1 ngst Lochiel.
The Biddlesdon Coplow Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 50
added for hunters, 12st each; winners extra ; thorough-
breds, 71b extra; gentlemen riders. About two miles.
12 subs.

Colonel Reeve's Haycock, aged, 12st 71b (inc. 71b extra)
(Capt. Little) 1
Capt. Storer's Shadow (h b), 6 yrs, 12st (Owner) 2
Mr B. Martin's Ramsborough (h b), aged, 12st

(11r •W. Coleman) 3
The following also ran :—Chance, The Abbot, Queen
Mary, Mystery, and Jack's Alive.
Betting-2 to 1 agst The Abbot, 4to 1 each agst Jack's
Alive and Haycock, and 7 to 1 agst Chance.

The Granby Handicap of 20 soya each, 10 ft, and 5
only if declared ; winner after the publication of the
weights extra; gentlemen riders:; professionals Glb extra.
About a mile and a half. 41 subs, of whom 30 paid 5
sous each.

Mr W. G. Craven's Provisor, 4 yrs, lOst 91b (MrEdwards) 1
Mr Chaplin's Miss Harriette, 3 yrs, 9st 121 b (Mr W. Bevill) 2
Marquis of Hastings's Ackworth, 5 yrs, 12st 31b
(Mr H. V. Wilkinson) 3
Moulsoy and Historian also ran.

Betting-5 to 4 agst Moulsey, 7to 2 agst Ackworth, sto
1 agst Provisor, and 6 to 1 agst Miss Harriette.

The Scurry Stakes of 5 sous each, with 25 added, for 2-yr.
olds and upwards ; weight for ago, with selling allow•
ances ; professional jockeys 71b extra. Half a mile.

Mr W. Goodwin's Chip of tho Old Block, 5 yrs, 9st 91b
(XSO)
Captain Boyce's The Rantillian (late Irish Mail), 4 yrs,
lOst 51b (£5O) (Mr G. S. Thompson) 2
Mr Fulke's Rejection, 4 years, 9st 111 b (car. lOst), (X5O)
(Mr Edwards) 3
The following also ran :—lrandloy Cross, Madame Tag-
liafico, and Wilford.

The Cup of 50 sovs in specie, added to a handicap sweep-
stakes of 20 sovs each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, for
3-yr-olds and upwards ; certain penalties ; gentlemen
riders. Two miles. 19 subs., 14 of whom paid 5 sovs
each.
Mr Chaplin's Miss Harriette, 3 yrs, 9st 10Ib

(Mr G. S. Thompson) 1
Marquis of Hastings's Ackworth, 5 yrs, 12st 71b
(Mr. IT. N. Wilkinson) 2

Dean Swift also ran.

The betting opened at even on Dean Swift, but closed
at 5 to 4 agst Ackworth, 6 to 4 agst Miss Harriette, and 2
to 1 agst Dean Swift.

The Waltham Plate of 50 sous, for hunters; weight for
ago, with penalties and allowances. Throe miles. (10
subs.)
Mr Robert Calder's Marksman, h b, 5 yrs, 13st 71b (in-
cluding 211bs extra) (Mr Edwards) 1
Mr Jas. Holiday's Owstwick, h b, 6 yrs 12st 81b
(Mr Beville) 2
Col. Reeves's The Hack, aged, list 91b ...(Capt. Little) 3

Betting-100 to 30 agst Marksman.

HORSES STRUCK OUT OF THEIR ENGAGE-

MEN TS.

March 8, at 9 a.m., Old Warden, out of Doncaster
engagements.
March 10, at 9 a.m., Garotter, out of Doncaster
Steeplechase.
March 10, at 6 30 p.m., Knave of Trumps,
Church Militant, and Sinking Fund, out of War-
wick Hurdle Race and Doncaster Steeplechase.
March 12, at 9 a.m., all Mr. Sutton's horses, ex-
cept Jezabel, out of Northampton engagements.
March 12, at 9 a.m., Penarth out of The Great
North of England Steeplechase at Doncaster.
March 12, at 9 a.m., Gundrede and Arkansas,
out of Doncaster Spring engagements.
March 12, at 2 p.m., Lytham, out of Doncaster
Spring engagements.

March 13, at 1 25 p.m., Haphazard, out of War-
wick handicaps.

NORTHAMPT
Acceptances for Earl Spen,
Plate Cour

Age st lb'
Gemma a 8 12
Troublesome a 8 8
Attaché
Thalassius 4 8 4
Peon
Lady Valentine
Mr. Pitt 3 8 1
The Beadle
Crytheia
Reindeer L 7 12
Arbutus 5 7 10
Goldylocks
Agatha
Ethelred.
Cedric
Salliet
Zisca

)N MEETING.
!o Plate. The New Spencer
3e, straight.

Age st lb
Molly Carew 5 7 4
Qui Viva
Vespasian 3 7 4
Godinersham
Jezabel
Ozone 3 7 2
Black Duchess 4 6 13
Professor Anderson 3 6 13
Arabia
William Pitt 3 6 10
Panacea 3 6 10
Caustic
Isis 3 6 8
Sylph
.3 6 5
Hawthorn 3 6 5
Hebe
Mrs. Day

AQUATICS.

THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE.
PUTNEY, Friday, 1 o'clock...
Both crews this morning rose at an early hour,
and took the road across Putney-heath for their
morning's walk, proceeding towards Kingston
Bottom. After breakfasting they devoted them-
selves to the pursuits of home, with the exception
of a straggler or two, who wandered about
the town. Mr. C. B. Lawes, the Cam-
bridge stroke of last year, was down early
to see his men, as also were several other old Uni-
versity hands. The appearance of the Cantabs in
their boat on Thursday created quite a revulsion in
their favour, and at the time of writing, although
the Oxonians are a much bigger and firmer set of
men, they are only the favourites at five and six
to four, and we have no doubt these odds will
be lowered before the race. The Oxford
men left their hotel at a little after
12, and proceeded to their boat house ; the curious
followed them thinking they were going out, but it
was only to have their photo's taken by an artist,
who experienced the usual difficulties of getting
them into shape. The Cantabs remained at the
Star till the flood was good, and then both crews
shortly after one another took to their boats and
proceeded up the course for a hard spin.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

late, and may lead to many a quarrel, but in this
as well as in all that relates to Fenianism there is
reason to believe that we may count on the friendli-
ness and courtesy of President Johnson's Govern-
ment. If it were not so, we should look upon the
consequences of the change as likely to be trouble-
some, if not dangerous.
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN TIMES. —As
national journalists we endeavour to take impartial
views of the public men and things of the
present times. Our position is especially An9l°-
American, so that every matter of general interest
pertaining to both England and America may well
be expected to come under review. We speak ei,
English affairs from an American stand-point, ana
of those of America as they appear in England.
By this means our readers will get a correct aspect
of every national question, and can the better
form their own estimates of its merits. It
It has long been charged on the public speakers
and writers of America that they are prone to in-
dulge in what is called the " spread-eagle" style'
Nor can we deny this charge, as illustrated la
certain flagrant instances. The abuse is as readilY
admitted and deprecated among well-balanced
minds in America, as it can be in any other coun-
try. But we wish it to be distinctly understood
that this sort of nonsense is by no means confined
to American authors and orators. Even learnr,e";
dignified, solid old England is no exception.
the truth of this we have abundant proofs ah
around us. We need go no farther back than the
description of the scene in the British Rouse of
Commons, of Monday night last, on the occasion
of the introduction of the new Reform Bill. The
Telegraph of Tuesday opens the journalistic drama
in true " spread-eagle" style. The Right Honour-
able Chancellor of the Exchequer is thus made
to tread the Telegraphic boards: " Hushed in at-
tentive and respectful silence, and moved by an,
enthusiasm that grew with the expanding growth
of the speaker's arguments, the true and genuine
Liberals of England hailed the birth of a bill des-
tined to develope amongst us blessings more diffu-
sive and prosperity more exuberant than have
sprung from the great enactment which, thirty-
five years ago, conferred upon Lord John Eusse.!!
a fame whereof last night some faint echo seemedstill
to reverberate through the walls of St. Stephen't
and recall the shades of those who have passed away
The simple fact that Earl Russell was preser,"
and which could best have been stated in a 01',
words, is thus heralded forth with a grand flourish
of trumpets :—" And as if to live his old triumphs
over again, and to gain vicarious fame from the
,
eloquence of his successor, foremost amongst tb
audience was seen the well-known face of Lord
Russell, eagerly watching the advancement of a pod'
policy which, more than one generation ago, he °,
te;himself begun." The noble Earl is then represen
as going through the startling operation of seeing
ghost It can scarcely be supposed that Lora.
Russell contemplated the scene of yesterday withell!.
strange memories and haunting voices of the patt
With but little effort of the imagination he might
"!
have conjured up the stalwart form of
t
Charles Weatherall, springing to his feet
he
try conclusions with Mr. Gladstone." T,'
The idea of such a spirit with a " stalwart form,
" springing to his feet," is absolutely overpowering)
It was well that the vision was confined to r4h.`,
Russell, in his quiet corner; for if the Chancellor
of the Exchequer had seen it, in the heat and burden
of hisspecch, there is no tellina what mighthave OP:
pened. A portion of the people deeply interested
_.l';
the Bill, who had come to hear Mr. Gladstone, are
thus telegraphed to a wondering world :—" Th,erd
were yesterday found humble listeners, who
, u
gathered at the door of Westminster Hall
six o'clock in the morning, and who had waircat
the livelong day in anticipation of getting a seof
which would place them within earshot of one
the greatest masters of Parliamentary eloquence
that ever made the rafters of St. Stephen's ring
Mr. Gladstone's figures of fact are next comPartle
with figures of music :—" Ile has taught us, by as
dexterity with which he manipulates figures
easily and delicately as Thalberg fingers the 11°',73
of a piano, to be critical and censorionsil'er
cases where the inferior performance of a 11115-wea
artist would elicit from us rapturous apPlansho
Did spread-eagle fancy ever go on a wilder flig t,
The Government " blue-book" thus gets a " firso,
rate notice" :—" One of the most important, ~,,h
haustive, recondite, and accurate blue-books ww‘y,ii
this century has seen was upon the 10th of gar.„,ud
laid upon the table." The finishing touch—the gm
flap finale of the outspread wings—is thus given.;ht
" Among Mr. Gladstone's hearers of last rtlv,o
there could scarcely have been an individual 'you
failed to perceive with what grace and ecio
the accomplished orator threw off the Won.
of two hours of elaborate details and ,Phis
dere.c statistics, and soared to the height °L
exquisite and noble peroration." We re-
exquisite
peat, in conclusion, our admiration of
abilities of the Chancellor of the Excheclai
We honour him sincerely for what he has said
done for the promotion of the rights of man. no
after such fulsome adulations as those w resent
quoted, let us hear no more, at least for the p
about American "spread-eagleism." Even Artein
.ef
Ward and Josh Billings must " pale their in.
" fectual fires," and surrender the palm to our CO
temporary the London Daily Telegraph.

TIMES.—St. Patrick's Day is connected in all
minds with a tendency to breaches of the peace.
Irishmen have been accustomed to honour their pa-
tron Saint with a joyousness and exhilaration to
which the more sober Saxon can seldom attain ; but
they have also too often closed the day's rejoicing
with blackened eyes and broken heads. Of late years
the combative instincts of the people may have been
weakened, but there is enough left of the old tradi-
tions belonging to St. Patrick's Day to make it an
occasion for more than usual caution on the part of
those who have to maintain public order. At the
present time it is easy to understand that the Irish
Government should be anxious to prevent any
foolish disturbance. In so large and so ignorant a
body as the Fenians there may be many who con-
sider a national anniversary the fittest time for a
demonstration in favour of the Irish Republic, and,
under the influence of a holiday and the ordinary '
mode of enjoying it, it might not be impossible that
something like a riot mighttakeplace. The Fenians
have, we believe, been talking of St. Patrick's Day
as likely to see some wonderful doings. Little im-
portance, certainly, can be attached to such bra-
vado, as it is only what might be looked for
from people who feel irritated and ashamed at
the ease ,with which the Government has dis-
posed of their leaders. But preparation can do
no harm, and it is satisfactory to know that if on
this St. Patrick's Day any citizens of the Irish Re-
public think fit to assume their belligerent rights, they
will not have the advantage of taking their enemy by
surprise. The apprehensions which are probably
groundless in Ireland have more reason on the other
side of the Atlantic. The Fenians of America are nu-
merous and rich, and they have all that courage
and resolution which is inspired by being at a dis-
tance of 3,000 milesfrom their principal antagonist.
They have been haranguing and boasting for the
last twelvemonth, and, to do the mass of them jus-
tice, they have been paying also. The leaders, on
the other hand, have only been spending, for the
Government of the Irish Republic is, in proportion
to its actual dominion and resources, probably
the most costly in the world. It is said that the
Fenians of the States are tired of waiting, and are
disposed to ask when the war Is going to begin .
The " national creditor"—that is, the purchaser of
either Roberts' bonds or O'Mahony's bonds—must
look to the day of conquest and confiscation for the
settlement of his claims, and if the Fenian securi-
ties are to find a market, the leaders must at least
make a show of audacity. For a long time the
American public has been particularly hard on the
Fenians. They have been girded at, caricatured
and taunted as Irishmen never were before in the
United States. As often as they talk of " waiting
for the fitting moment, or " taking advantage of
England's first difficulty," there is a responsive
laugh from the public which is very hard to bear.
The suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act in Ire-
land has, of course, produced fresh excitement. At
the latest dates the American Fenians knew of the
sweeping arrests which the Government had made,
but they were not quite aware how calmly the
country had borne it. There seems to have
been a genuine belief among them that some
attempt at insurrection would be made on
Irish soil. It may no doubt be that when
they find Ireland not only tranquil but evidently
relieved and contented at the vigour of the Executive,
the American conspirators will abate their enthu-
siasm. But the first news of the imprisonment of
their agents, following upon the taunts of the
Americans and the seeming contempt of England, is
said to have disposed them to commit some act of
violence. They even proposed to wait on the Pre-
sident and endeavour to influence him in favour of
their cause. Among the latest reports is that some
of the more desperate among them meditated an
outrage on the Canadian frontier. O'Mahony is
said to have issued a circular telling the people to
be prepared and to look out for secret orders. Of
course the probability is that all this will come to
nothing. Between making speeches about invading
Canada and actually crossing the frontier in force
there is a wide difference. At the Cooper Institute
and elsewhere the Fenian leaders have by this time
conquered Ireland and annexed Canada, to the de-
light of enthusiastic audiences. Whether their folly
has gone so far as to order an outrage on the frontier
may be doubted. But the evil of such machinations
is that, while the leaders take care to keep them out
of danger, there are hot-headed dupes who will carry
out their suggestions, or desperadoes who will take
advantage of them for the sake of plunder. The 17th
of March has occurred to many as a day likely to be
attended with some disturbance, and we are glad to
believe that the Canadian Government has sufhcient
force at its disposal to deal summarily with any
band that might meditate either treason or robbery.
This present St. Patrick's Day will also be remark-
able for another event, which might itself breed a
quarrel not less troublesome than a Fenian out-
break in Ireland or a Fenian invasion of Canada.
To-day the Reciprocity Treaty between the United
States and British America comes to an end. For
the sake of both countries, which it so much benefited
during the six years which intervened between its
adoption and the outbreak of the American war,
we regret that the United States' Government
have thought fit to abrogate it. But every nation
is the best judge of its own affairs, and if the Go-
vernment of Washington is of opinion that the
changed financial condition of the States requires
that their commercial relations should be revised,
we have no right to complain. It is fair, however,
to remind the Americans that the termination of the
Treaty is their work, not ours, and if any differences
arise we have done our best to prevent them. Now,
one of the rights which the Americans possess under
the Treaty is that of fishing in British waters. The
coast of British North America is one of the finest
fishing- grounds in the world, and it will be in the
memory of most of our readers how long and bitter
were the dissensions between the adventurous New
Englanders, who were continually trespassing, and
the jealous Nova Scotians and Newfoundlanders,
who were as constantly driving them off. The Re-
ciprocity Treaty put an end to those disputes by
giving the American fishermen the right to come.into
our waters in return for a much less valuable con-
cession on their part, and for 12 years they have
followed their calling in peace. But now their
rights come to an end. These people, who have
been accustomed for so many years to a certain
fishing ground, and who probably have come to
look upon it as their own, must now be content to
retire, or come into collision with the Canadian
authorities. We believe a vessel of war will be
placed on the coast for the purpose of seeing that
the rights which revert to the British Crown are
not infringed, and also to prevent collisions between
the fishermen of the Provinces and of the United
States. The American fishermen will be duly
warned, and after a fixed time the exclusion of
their boats will be enforced. We trust they will
understand that the restriction is caused by the act
of their own Government, and that, if they suffer,
their grievances can only be removed at Washing-
ton. Whenever the States think fit to conclude
another treaty, American fishermen will recover
their former rights. It is a difficult matter to regu,