The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1860.

ARCHBISHOP MANNING ON THE
PAPACY.

Yesterday being " Rosary Sunday," according to
the announcement made by Archbishop Manning in
his recent Pastoral— a Pastoral having especial re-
ference, it may be remembered, to the position in
which the Temporal Power of the Pope now stands
by reason of the famous Convention between France
and Italy coming into operation between the 15th
of September and the beginning of December next
—solemn offices, together with numerous masses
and communions, were offered up in behalf of the
Sovereign Pontiff by the Catholic congregations of
London, and for that matter indeed among the
whole body of the Catholics throughout England
and Scotland. At the pro-Cathedral of St. Mary's,
Moorfields, more especially, the services were con-
ducted, as under the circumstances was but natural,
with more than ordinary solemnity. The Arch-
bishop assisted pontifically at the High Mass,
and preached after the Gospel to a densely crowded
and profoundly attentive congregation, composed of
Protestants and Catholics amicably mingled together
—his sermon, particularly towards the close of it,
being most eloquently and, generally throughout
it, most impressively appropriate to the occasion.
Taking as his text the two opening verses of the
thirteenth chapter of St. Paul to the Romans--" Let
every soul be subject to higher powers ; for there
is no power but from God; and those that are, are
ordained of God : therefore he that resisteth the
power resisteth the ordinance of God : and they
that resist purchase to themselves damnation"—
[Omnis anima potestatibus sublimioribus subdita
sit : non est enirn potestas nisi a Deo : clue autem
sunt, a Deo ordinate sunt : itaque qui resistit
potestati, Dei ordinationi resistit : qui autem re-
sistant, ipsi sibi, damnationem acquirunt.]—The
Archbishop began by saying that on that day the
whole of the Catholic Church in England and Scot-
land united together in a solemn act of supplication
for the Divine protection to the person and the
authority of the Vicar of Jesus Christ. And this,
moreover, upon a day especially dear and sweet to
the heart of every Catholic—the feast of the Rosary
full of memories of the perils and victories of Chris-
tendom, and of gracious interpositions in behalf
of the Church of God throughout the world—
dear to all alike, to the Pontiff and to the
lowliest of the faithful, to the oldest and to the
least, to saints and to little children carry-
ing the string of beads in their hand. In
the eyes of the world no dOubt that day, the act
in which they were then engaged was as a solemnity
of folly. But the foolishness of God was wiser than
men. Speaking to the children of the Church, the
faithful fervent Catholic piety living strong within
them, rendered superfluous the accumulation of rea-
sons for the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff.
Submission to that authority being the instinct of
their hearts, they needed no arguments to enforce
upon them its recognition. They understood and
perceived to the full that the spiritual authority
of the Church was a direct institution
from Heaven the Temporal Power being
afterwards added to it by a Divine ordination.
Addressing himself to those, however, among
the congregation who were not believers in
these matters—he could hardly fail to mitigate
the asperity of such as had hitherto not un-
derstood. On Earth there was no authority, he
said, so directly or conspicuously ordained of God
as that of the Sovereign Pontiff. And his re-
liance in being able • to enforce a recognition of
this, even upon the minds of dispassionate Pro-
testants, was based upon the Justice of the
cause, upon the Force of Truth, upon the honesty
of his fellow-countrymen, but beyond all, upon the
working of the ineffable grace of God. The words
of the Holy Ghost Himself protected the Sovereign
Pontiff upon earth. The authority of the Papacy
was two-fold ; first of all, purely spiritual, but
afterwards mingled or blended with temporal autho-
rity. No one could resist with impunity the sentence
of the apostle. The words of the Holy Ghost indi-
cate that this Power is a Power ordained of God—
" Thou art Peter, and upon this Rock I will
build my church, and the gates of hell
shall not prevail against it." But the v ery
first conclusion to be drawn in regard to all Power
he maintained was, that the Power was ordained of
God. It was first spoken of the Empire of Rome,
steeped in the blood of the Saints, that old Roman
Empire to which though pagan the disciples of our
Lord were told by Him that they owed obedience.
How much more must that be said of every
Christian authority throughout the world. In effect
all authority came, not from Universal Suffrage, not
from plebiscite, but from the author of human
Society, that is from God. Comparing the crime of
Treason, as opposed to Authority, to Heresy as
opposed to Truth, and to Schism as opposed to Unity,
he maintained that if society were of man without
God's authorization, then by necessity th e highest civil
crime lost its highest guilt. Treason, sedition, re-
bellion, were more than simply crimes against man
—they were sins against God. England, Ireland,
and Scotland had become bound together, as they
were in one sovereignty growing up like all other
earthly powers with a sovereign authority which
demands obedience—first Anarchy, then the Rep-
tarchy, then a Monarchy of three kingdoms, all
bound together under one authority by the law of
sovereignty. What sovereignty on earth, however,
could compete with that of the Papacy, based as it
is upon a tradition of a thousand years ? Even in
the five preceding centuries it was already grow-
ing—informal, .no doubt, and incohate. But
so likewise was Britain, during the epoch of
Saxon anarchy, before its various provinces be-
came at length united into one new monarchy.
Descanting at some length upon the historical evi-
dences of the wholly exceptional antiquity of the
Pontifical power when viewed simply as d Temporal
Power among the sovereignties of the world, the
Archbishop exposed the notion of depreciating it
or setting it aside, so to speak, with three rhymes
from Dante. The astounding fact of the transfe-
rence of the imperial power of Rome, of the ancient
pagan Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople,
he insisted upon it, had been manifestly caused, as
the Roman law declares, by the direct motion or in-
tervention of God. It arose, he said, from the mani-
fest unfitness of the two totally distinct and an-
tagonistic authorities existing in the same city.
In Rome was left no Sovereign ruler clothed with
power save the Pontiff. The power, the temporal
power then devolving upon or assumed by the
Pontiff, was the donation of no man—was the
gift neither of Pepin nor of Charlemagne. The
throne had become vacant then, as he strikingly
expressed it, by the visitation of God. He
claimed the right of Sovereignty - there by
Divine Providence for the Temporal Power—a
right confirmed, he said, by possession during a
length of time surpassing that which could be
claimed by any other sovereignty—confirmed, he
would say, by the very disturbances of that possession,
proving the right of that possession.
No crowned
monarch in the world held power reaching back so
far, so high, so remotely, as the Sovereign Pontiff.
England was delivered over to barbarian anarchy,
France was overrun by rude and savage hordes,
Germany was a forest, when the Pontiffs were
even then reigning in the midst of the
already dawning Christian civilization. They were
then planting and nurturing the first seeds of this
majestic Christendom—now trembling like an arch
held together oniy by the keystone of the Spiritual
and Temporal Power of the Sovereign Pontiff. If
possession confirms then did this one—and posses-
sion was proverbially among ourselves nine points
of the law. Even a wrong, an abuse, a conquest, as
was well known, became gilded by possession. And
if long possession confirms even a conquest founded
on injustice, how much more must it confirm an
authority founded originally neither upon
conquest nor upon injustice, an authority in
its origin bloodless and beneficent ? What
authority on earth, in fact, could stand if not upon
the existing authority of long possession. Among
earthly sovereignties there was no higher authority
than the Civil Power. The Sovereign Pontiff's how-
ever was—it was higher than the Civil Power : for,
above the Temporal Power was the Spiritual Power,
the Power divinely instituted, the kingdom not of
this world, the authority founded upon Peter, upon
the Rock, and against which, until the enri .of the

world, the gates of hell are not to prevail. The
Vicar of Jesus Christ was head and supreme from
the commencement or dawn of Christianity. First of
all, during three hundred years by martyrdom, his spi-
ritual empire, extending among men of all languages,
climes and countries, embraced within it the mightiest
power the world had ever then known, that of
the Pagan Empire of Rome, and afterwards of
Constantinople. After expatiating at some length
alternately upon the Spiritual Power and
upon the Temporal Power, and then upon
both of them together, as • inexplicably blent
during the last ten centuries, the Archbishop re-
ferred to what he called the mill- wheel of objections
revolving perpetually with such oppressive mono-
tony, and the iterated discharge from which he said
it was weary work to have, over and over again,
to meet. It was idle, he declared, to confuse
the Spiritual and Temporal authority as in any
way mutually dependent. For three hundred
years the spiritual authority existed alone—the first
three hundred years of the Christian dispensation,
those three centuries of martyrdom. And now,
even though the whole structure of Christendom
were to be dissolved, nay, were to lapse again into
Paganism—that Spiritual Power would still live on.
How could he designate those who imagined that
that spiritual authority was in itself in any way
dependent upon a strip of territory or upon a
heap of bricks and stone called a city. That
indestructible authority was before all temporal
possessions, and will be after them. The
Earthly authority added to the Spiritual, as raiment
is to man, was a mere temporal accident for the
unity of Christendom, which is thereby knit together
in one family of civilised nations under Pastoral
authority. That twofold authority, therefore, he
defined as transcending all other authorities upon
earth. All simply earthly authorities might be. ab-
dicated by abuse—being, for example, ambitious,
aggressive, searching after eonquests. He was
not enforcing here what was so often did so
contumeliously denounced as the Slavish Doc-
trine of Passive Obedience. He was asserting,
however, that all unlawful resistance to rightful
authority was a sin against God. Charges of this
kind could never be directed against the Pontiffs.
Obedience there, consequently, was in answer to
no slavish doctrine—no Pontiff ever having levied
aggressive wars, no Pontiff having ever made un-
just laws, or inflicted excessive and sanguinary pun-
ishments. Speaking of Pope Pius IX., he espe-
cially particularised his refined equity and peculiar
tenderness of heart, the attributes of a true Pastor.
Pius IX. might ask, he said, like Moses, " Whose
ox have I taken, Sze." Against him not one of his
acts justified the sin of rebellion. If the acts of
other weighed in the balance during
thel owapsttherres could b
three centuries,
ie
s,how
would they appear in'
comparison? Dissolve the arch of Christendom, of
Christian society, by striking out the keystone, and
the civil powers will at once fall into chaotic opposi-
tion. Collision, persecution, despotism, arising the
one out of the other. Defining Revolution as a
natural reaction against despotism, and re-
marking that there are powers in the universe
beyond those of electricity or of gravitation_
the application of the principles deduced from which
latter many of the vaunted
achievements
modernn ss o
science—the Archbishop
concluded
calling upon his hearers
powers
his
odiscourse resultedf
to look solely, and to pray solely') for the interposi-
tion of God during this vitally momentous epoch in
the history of the Temporal Power of the Pontiff—
for whose raiment, he said, they are now casting
lots ! Post tres dies resurgam, he added, in the
words of our Lord, and after that yet one other
utterance from the same divine lips, " Heaven and
earth shall pass away, but my word shall not pass

away."

SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS.

MANCHESTER, Saturday Evening.

With the close of the proceedings to-day the
Congress has accomplished the heavier portion of it
businss. The inaugural address this morning was
by the Right Hon. Henry A. Bruce, M.P., president
of the education department. There was a very
large attendance, ancloThe,paper excited a good-deal
of interest. - The department in which the liveliest
discussion took place was that over which the right
hon. gentleman presides. There were voluntary
papers by the Rev. Canon Toole, on " Religion an
essential element in the school education of the poor;"
by the Rev. W. J. Kennedy, on " The conscience
clause ;" and the Rev. J. Oakley, on the "Religious
difficulty." This opened a very wide field of discus-
sion, and the subjects were taken up with great in-
terest. The section sat in the Crown Court, which
was nearly filled throughout. There was a large
number of ladies present. The dock in this court is
very spacious; and as it is one of the best places from
which to hear and see, it was given up to the fair
sex. The section for the repression of crime continues
to form one of the chief attractions. It has been
filled throughout, and this meeting was so largely
attended that several could not obtain admission.
There were papers by Sir
Walter Crofton, C. 8.,
respecting " Female Convicts, and our efforts to
amend them ;" Miss Al. C. Bennett, an interesting
statement of the " Working of the Carlisle Manorial
Refuge ;" Mr. C. Nicholl, on " Reformatory
Work ;" by the Rev. J. Fish, relating to the " Re-
formatory and Industrial School Acts ;" and an-
other from the Rev. A. K. M,Callum, on the " Pri-
son Qualification for Admission into a Reforma-
tory." The subjects which were brought under no-
tice in the Health Department were chiefly relating
to localities, such as the high rate of mortality in
Liverpool, the recent epidmic
of typhus in Aber-
deen, and one of more general application respect-
ing the attack of cholera in
the east of London.
The latter was from Dr. Bain. There was but a
small number in the Nisi Prins Court, which
was devoted to the department of economy and
trade, although the topics set down on the paper
were of considerable social importance. The Rev
Institutes
tSi
toul liesread
theiron e
relationupon
Ayt o theorkin g Men's Clubs and
upper classes and to
national progress ; Mr. James Airlie advocated
recreative amusement as an agency in social reform ;
and one by Mr. Henry Walker, which was a memo-
randum on the development of wholesale and retail
trade in the metropolis, and on the causes of the
early closing movement. The other sections had
papers brought before them relating to Jamaica
and its resources, on building societies, and burial
clubs, juvenile emigration ;and the credit system.
To-day a supplementary section was held, under the
chairmanship of Mr. Thomas Bazley, M.P. It was
for the purpose of hearing a paper by Major-General
Sir Arthur Cotton, and read by Major-General
Fredk. Cotton, upon " Famines in India, their
causes aud remedies." It entered into the subject
at great length, and stated that famines should be
provided against, the same as War, and that full en-
couragement should be given to irrigation and navi-
gation. If proper measures were adopted famines in
India might be prevented. The works which Go-
vernment h
had already produced
the e r e
mostt
beneficial
undertakenresult
s but much more re-
re-
mained to be accomplished.

LAW AND POLICE.—This Day.

SHERIFFS' COURT.

This morning an action was tried in the Sheriffs' Court
in which a passenger brought an action against the North
London Railway for breach of contract. Tho plaintiff
took a ticket at Kew, on the understanding that he was to go
by through train to Broad-street. Instead of doing so he
was taken as far as Camden, and there he was compelled to
change tarriages and wait a considerable time before he
could proceed. He ultimately took a cab to Broad-street,
and brought this action for the costs. The Commissioner
decided in favour of the plantiff.

MARKETS.—This Day.

44s 6d per cwt. on the spot. Rough fat ii 3 selling at 2s 3d
per Blbs. Town tallo v./ commands 42s not, cash.

1863. 1864. 1865. 1866.
Stock—(this day)
Prices of Y.O 4ss Od to 42s Od 47s Gd 44s Gd
I—s Od —s Od —s Od —s Od
Delivery last week
Ditto from June 1
Arrival last week - 6,764 2,190 10,692 11,325
Ditto froin June 1 33,442 27,190 43,170 35,936
Price of Town

Liverpool Cotton Market.—This Day.

The Market opens with a better bone, and Friday's
rates are partially recovered. Sales probably
12,000 or 15,000 bales.