The Sun.
London, England, 1866-10-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENINU, OCTOBER 3, 1863

LONDON, WEDNESD.II, OCTOBER 3, 1866.

The protest of the King of ITANovER is well
worthy of attention, and although we cannot, of
course, expect that it will produce any effect of a
definite nature at present, still it may in the end be
more extensively considered than some imagine.
His MAJESTY has addressed his protest to the Cabi-
nets of Europe against the annexation of llanover
by Prussia. He appeals to these powers for assist-
ance against the oppression of right by might, and
declares that he will never give up his " sovereign
rights" over his dominions. He goes on to affirm
that all the present and the future acts
of the Prussian Government and its agents
in Hanover are illegal, and he certifies this
to all concerned. Who can deny the truth of this
assertion, although it may not suit the doctrine of
modern politicians to agree to it ; in point of fact
ling WILLIAM and his Ministers have no right
whatever to the possession of Hanover or of any '
of the other places they hare chosen to annex. and.
their doing Bo is a direct violation of justice, and
shows a want of honour and honesty which are
quite inexcusable. The conclusion of the KING'S
protest is very affecting, and we cannot fail to
.sympathise with the injured Sovereign and to de-
plore his misfortunes. Ile states that he will accept
the course of events with a full confidence in the
justice of his cause, and thou adds that 'he is '° ani-
nmted by the firm hope that Divine Providence will
not fail in putting an end to the int • rigues, the dis-
honesty, and the violence of which, at this moment,
so ninny States and peoples, in conjunction with
Hanover, have been made the victims." We are
not sorry to see that so dignified a rebuke has
been administered to those ruthless conquerors who
seem bent on appropriating all they possibly can,
irrespective of national rights and popular claims ;
and, at any rate, it is a matter of rejoicing that his
MAJESTY has had the spirit to declare his indigna-
_____ No doubt with some states a secret engage-
ment has existed with Prussia, but Hanover has
been marked out as a special victim for the
sacrifice, and its claim has been irrevocably
scaled. There is great reason to regret that
many who should possess more discernment have
suffered themselves to become InPtiaQd and ")14-

tion.

fused by the notions of German unity, which have
been made the subject of so many speeches and the
theme of so many arguments by the Prussian
authorities. In the mazes of this idea they have
lost sight of the truth,which is, that thousands have
been compelled against their will to become Prus-
sian citizens, and have thus sustained a great in-
jury, and a great injustice has been done to the
cause of freedom on the continent. There is no valid
reason which can be given for the annexation of
Hanover ; the people were contented and the KING
popular. It may suit the views and accord with
the prejudices of many to ignore this protest, as
well as all the other signs of dissatisfaction which
have been made, but it will remain as a solemn wit-
ness against the evil-doers, and a lasting evidence
of the injustice they are consummating. The
truthful historian of the late war in Germany will
record the course pursued by Prussia as one of
those acts of oppression which disgrace Kings and
sully the fame of nations ; aud, much as the Prus-
sians may glorify their victorious troops, they have
in reality far more cause to be ashamed of their
doings, for they have bought victory at a dear
price, and occasioned so much wrong and suffering
that right-minded people would shrink from such a
course. This protest of the King of HallovEß may
serve for many other States as well as his own, and
it, therefore, assumes an additional importance to
those who comprehend its import.

Thanks to the wise and prudent course adopted
by the Registrar-General in publishing the daily
returns of the deaths from cholera and diarrhoea,
there is not much more room for anxiety or alarm
in reading his weekly report. It is easy for any one
to form a rough estimate of the progress or diminu-
tion of the disease from the daily tables, and the
periodical return is therefore chiefly valuable in sum-
marising the principal features of the week's mor-
tality, and giving us the benefit of the Registrar's
experience and sagacity in commenting upon them.
The disease, after its terribly sudden and violent
outbreak, and its nearly equally rapid and steady
decline, appears during the last few weeks to have
remained nearly stationary. It has ranged from
150 to 180 deaths in the week, without
either, as some feared, developing itself in a
new part of London with fresh vehemence, or, as
others hoped, disappearing altogether from amongst
us. The deaths from cholera in the week ending
on Saturday last were 177, those from diarrhoea
being 67 ; the latter not being an unusual number
at this time of the year, but the former clearly show-
ing that the enemy is scotched, but not killed. The
most noticeable fact in connection with the returns
is that its ravages are no longer restricted to one
part of the metropolis, but are spread over the whole
of London. It is true that the east still exhibits
the highest number of deaths, 55, but the south
shows 46, the north 36, the central 17, and even
the favoured west has 12. This fact evidently occa-
sions the Registrar-General some uneasiness, for
he reiterates his caution as to the necessity of
strenuous care on the part of the authorities, and
bids " each health officer consider that the safety
not only of the people in his own district, but of
three millions of people depends on his activity."
It is to regretted, adds the Registrar, that these
inadequately paid officers cannot devote the whole
of their time to the duties of their important office.
This is a point which very well deserves considera-
tion, and which our Privy Council might take up
with advantage. It is no light thing to preserve
the public health from unnecessary risk in a metro-
polis whose population is numbered by millions,
and the under payment of these officials, whose
duties are as laborious and important, is one of those
miserable petty savings which all English Govern-
ments seem to delight in. They appear to act upon
the principle conveyed in the old adage " Take care
of the pence and the pounds will take care of them-
selves," without the national pounds having
attained the necessary degree of self-guardian-
ship. It is to hoped that the Registrar-
General's reminder will induce some action on the
subject. He reminds the authorities that the utmost
exertion will be necessary to insure the decline of
the epidemic, seeing that, as the cholera matter is
now diffused very equally all over London, the
waters of the Upper Thames, of the Lea, and of the
wells, will all alike be infected. All who have been
engaged either professionally or benevolently in the
noble work of stemming the tide of misery and disease
in the East of London will do well to remember
that it is still imperative to keep on the alert, since
over confidence and premature repose may be as
dangerous as excessive panic and unreasonable ap-
prehension. We have much reason to be thankful
for the rapid abatement of the disease ; but that is
no reason for sinking back into the old indifference.
In Liverpool, happily, the disease is on the de-
crease, though it is showing itself in Manchester
and Salford. In Dublin it is increasing in severity,
while in Vienna it is somewhat severe. It is evi-
dent that, from some atmospheric or other influence
beyond our ken, there is throughout all Europe a
predisposition to the disease ; and it therefore be-
hoves us to increase rather than to relax our endea-
vours to guard against it.

The news by the coming Bombay mail has, as
usual, been anticipated by telegram. The great point
of interest is, of course, the condition of the p.ople,
and unfortunately the brief items before us give us
little encouragement. The accounts of the distress
in the famine-stricken districts continue, it is said,
to be most appalling. About £5,000 had been sub-
scribed in Bombay for the Bengal famine relief
fund, and the public health in Bombay itself was
good, which is so far satisfactory. Still the amount
of suffering in the famine-stricken districts is evi-
dently very terrible, and the lack of means of con-
veyance and communication bitterly increases the
necessities of the moment. There is no doubt but
that private benevolence will do all that it can, and
the Governments both in England and India seem
now resolved to employ all the means in their power
to mitigate the calamity. Unhappily matters have
been allowed to go on so far that every day now
costs hundreds of lives. It certainly appears to
lookers-on as if a very little prescience on the
might have averted the full
officials
phaorrrtoorf'nee it was not a sudden and
of Indianth the
f a omf
unforeseen catastrophe
like an inundation or a pes-
tilence,
tilence, but a misfortune which advanced with gra-
dual though certain steps. It is unhappily no un-
common thing for famine, whose
•
gaunt and terrible
visage is scarcely ever seen in Europe, to show
itself in different parts of our vast Indian territory.
As in the visitation of cholera, the first thing to be
done is to relieve the immediate distress ; the
second, to consider how to avoid its recurrence.
The answer to the question in England is to pro-
vide decent dwellings for our poor, to supply
the
metropolis with pure water unmixed with sewage,
and to preserve an efficient system of drainage.
The answer in India is conveyed in two words—
irrigation and communication. Railways, roads,
and canals are the great wants of India ; and as
they would be the powerful aids in avertinc, the
horrors of famine, so they would be the most effi-
cient means of civilising the people and de-
veloping the wealth of the country. It might
have been supposed that, whatever country
wa4 under rule, with guglial/ energy,

enterprise, capital, and engineering skill,
to rely upon would not long suffer for want of
these advantages. Experience has proved the con-
trary. Prejudice, routine, private interest, and
selfish exclusiveness have been allowed to inter-
fere with the necessities of many millions of Bri-
tish subjects. But it is not too late, and although
the severity and extent of the present distress con-
veys a bitter reproach to those who know it might
have been averted by a better system of internal
government some years since, it may at least be
reasonably hoped that before long famine will be
a word unknown in India, since what irrigation
fails to do for the soil cheap and rapid transmis-
sion of commodities will do for the people.

Lord GRANVILLE made an interesting speech last
week at a dinner given in celebration of the recent
discovery of a rich coal-field on the estates of the
Lilleshall Coal and Iron Company, at Prior's Lee.
llis Lordship, first of all, entertained the company
by a dissertation upon mottoes, and said that he
and the late Lord PALMERSTON had often had dis-
cussions as to which of their mottoes was the best.
Frangas non fiectes was his own, and he considered
it the best, since it implied that the bearer could
not be turned aside by anything but force.
Lord PALMERSTON defended his, Flecti non
frangi by declaring that his was the best, since
it showed that no other force could move him
against his own conviction but the art of persua-
sion and argument. Lord GRANVILLE ingeniously
said that on the present occasion the noble lord's
would be the best motto to quote, since to bend coal
to the great uses of mankind of the present day
they " required the persuasive force of intellect and
brains to change the face of the world, and to deve-
lope powers of which a century ago no mortal ever
dreamed."

Referring to the opinions which have prevailed
in some quarters of late as to the danger
we run of England exhausting her coal sup-
ply, Earl GRANVILLE observed that it indeed
was a serious matter, and one which called
for investigation. The Crown has appointed a
Commission to inquire into the subject, but we
agree with his lordship that it will be very difficult
for them to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion
concerning the matter. Geologists are not always
to be depended on in their predictions, and Lord
GRANVILLE gave an amusing instance of their want
of prophetic veracity in the case of one
who called upon a friend of his, and, after com-
plimenting him upon his place altogether, declared
that the "geological character " of the ground
was excellent. Being asked for particulars,
he pointed to a piece of rock on the margin
of the lake, which, he declared, was a never-failing
indication of coal ; and it was not till he was told
that the rock was carted from a distance of ten miles
that he gave up the theory of the existence of coal
beneath his friend's drawing-room floor. Now, said
Earl GRANVILLE, I do not by this imply any dis-
respect for the science of geology, but to show
that we need not rely altogether upon the dicta of
geologists as to the exhaustion of all our coal
mines. We think his lordship is quite right,
and that there is no occasion for us to
despair until we have more certainty to
go upon than the most distinguished votaries of
the science have yet put before us. 'We may further I
add that if it should prove true that our wall;
are becoming exhausted, we shall, in all pro-
bability, be able to discover some substitute, and
there never can be •any real cause for a wealthy
and enterprising people to despair as some would
have us to do. It will be no more wonderful to
do without coal than it has been to convert it to
such uses as we have dune, uses which our fore-
fathers would not have believed possible.

The valuable services rendered to the public by
the National Lifeboat Institution are widely appre-
ciated not only in this country, but throughout
Europe, and even at the antipodes. Not the least
of these is the accurate information with which its
managers keep us supplied regarding the casualties
which, in spite of all their exertions, annually occur
on our coasts, and the "Wreck Register and Chart,"
which theyperiodically publish, serve to entorce most
irresistibly the arguments which they employ. It
is true barely 1 per cent. of the vast fleet of vessels
which are yearly cleared outwards and entered in-
wards from British ports is wrecked on our coasts,
yet so great is their number that even this small
proportion shows a terrible list of casualties. The
little wreck chart exhibits our coasts thicklystudded
with the fatal signs ; in some places, such as off
Yarmouth and at theDogger Bank off Flamborough
Head, the black dots extend in dismal rows.
In 1865 the number of vessels wrecked on the
coasts and in the seas of the United Kingdom was
2,012. Of these 470 were total wrecks, and 70
sunk by collision, making the number totally lost
540. The vessels stranded and damaged so as to
require to discharge cargo were 832, by collision
640 ; making the whole number 202, and the loss of
life, as far as could be ascertained, 698. Of these
ships 1,690 are known to have been ships belonging
to Great Britain and its dependencies, and 238 to
have been foreign ships. The other 84 were nu.-
known. Of the British ships 1,198 were employed
in the British coasting trade, and 11 foreign ships
were also engaged in it. Thus showing how great
are the dangers of the trade, not only from the na-
ture of its coasts, but from the wretched condition
in which too many of these vessels put to sea. It
is in one sense satisfactory, though in another most
painful, to find how many of these sad disasters are
due to preventible causes, because when once public
attention is earnestly directed to the question, we
may hope to see the loss of life and property
very much diminished. Of the total number of
casualties reported in 1865, 351 were collisions,
which must obviously be placed among the pre-
ventible causes, since the sea is wide enough for all
the fleets that ever rode on it, and the carelessness
or petty pride which neglects to guard against such
a disaster deserves severer punishment than they
generally get. Only 245 of the total losses were
caused by stress of weather ; 99 arose from inat-
tention, carelessness, or neglect ; 38 from defects
in the ship, or her equipments ; and the remainder
from various other causes. Of the 832 partial
losses a large proportion arose from similar causes ;
but taking the one of unseaworthiness alone we get
ns unlrtnebde
rf
lrnoanti
dtuhrei
gu ntsheea
last
tr tthe
some startling facts. 30 of the total wrecks re-
m eysesa rosfbteliinegs4h2ip3,,
and
the number of ships suffering partial damage from
the same cause being 499, How many of these
disasters might have been avoided by proper care ?
And it will be well seriously to consider whether the
Legislature cannot devise some means to compel
shipowners to do their duty, and to make them re-
sponsible for losses of life and property which are
directly traceable to their indifference or neglect.
More than half of the vessels which have suffered
from wreck or casualty during the year belong to
" the unseaworthy, over-laden, or ill-formed vessels
of the collier class." The north-east coast on the
wreck-chart too fully confirms this statement ; and
unfortunately this only carries out the experience
of preceding years.
We sadly want some nautical reformers to take
up tido :natter energetically i and in the mean-

time it is most gratifying to know that the Lifeboat
Institution carries on its noble and humane labours
with unflagging energy, and that it has been the
means, during the last ten years, of saving 5,758
lives.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Tuesday Evening.

The .3loniteur contains an announcement, brief
but important, proving that the war between Aus-
tria and Italy is terminated. It states that a royal
decree has been issued at Florence for the dis-
bandment of the Volunteer corps.

The Marquis Turgot, Senator, Ambassador of
France at Berne, died yesterday at Versailles, in
his 70th year.
The inundations causel a temporary cessation
of the works at the Great Exhibition, but they
have been actively resumed to-day. The exterior
of the Palace is nearly finished. The park is
traced out, and the seed has been planted for the
grass plots. The exhibitors will soon be able to
take possession of the localties assigned to them.
The Imperial Pavilion is entirely covered, under
the direction of M. Lechmann, the architect. M.
Voillemot is charged with the execution of the
painting. The International Club will be finished
in the course of January, and the numerous ex-
hibitors will then be able to meet there in order
to make their arrangements.
The news received at Paris respecting the in-
surrection at Crete is very contradictory. The
Turkish despatches represent the insurgents as
completely beaten, and ready to make their sub-
mission, but the accounts from Corfu state that
their efforts have been attended with signal suc-
cess. Combats, the success of which appears to
have been shared by both sides, took ,place on
the 20th and 22d of September at Meletia and
upon the heights of Kerumia, which dominates the
Canea, the capital of the island.
Prussia is becoming very sensitive in regard to
comments upon her policy. In the Memorial Di-
plonzatique of Sept. 9 there appeared rather an
innocent article relative to the departure of King
William from Prague for Berlin. The article drew
the inference that his Majesty was very glad to get
back again. M. de Bismarck, however, seems to
be so alarmed at the slightest word that may scam
to impugn any point of his policy that he instructed
the Prussian Ambassador at Paris to make a formal
complaint against the article in the Memorial Diplo-
matique. The consequence is, that the number of
September 9th, which contained the terrible article,
has been seized by the French authorities, and,
unless M. Bismarck should for once be actuated by
a little discretion, ulterior proceedings will be
taken. Perhaps M. Bismarck will be satisfied
with nothing less than the suppression of the Memo-
rial Diplomatigne, which, it must be confessed, has
sometimes made comments and disclosures upon the
course pursued by Prussia which certainly were not
calculated to enhance her reputation either for wis-
dom or justice.
The autumn races in the Bois de Boulogne, on
Sunday, went off with great eclat, the weather being
splendid, and there being much enthusiasm in regard
to some of the horses. The first race, for 2,000 f.,
for horses of three years and upwards, was won by
Comedienne. The second race, Grand Criterion,
3,000 f., was won easily by Count Lagrange's Mont-
goubert ; Finette, 2. The third race, Pr'x de
Jouvence, 5,000 f., was won by Vertugadin.
The Great Handicap, 6,000 f., was won by Ronce ;
Le Sioulet, 2 ; Cantoniere, 3. Amount of the
prize, 19,600 f..
The Prix Villebon was won by Count Lagrange's
Fleurette.

The last races for the season in the Bois de
Boulogne will take place on Sunday next.
A bell is rung in the first act of " Don Juan
d'Autriche," a piece now very attractive at the
Theatre Francais, to which a melancholy historical
recollection is attached. Th;s is the identical bell
which, on the 27th of Aug., 1752, gave the signal
for the massacres of St. Barthelemy. During the
revolution all the bells of St. Germain l'Auxenois
were bought at a sale by a founder named Flabau,
who sold the smallest of them, the bell in question,
to the administration of the Theatre Francais. It
was rung at this theatre for the first time at the
first performance of " Edouard en Ecope," by M.
Duval, in 1801.
A chemist of Vienna, M. Leinclbroek, has in-
vented a mode of placing electrical sparks in a glass
capsule. They are so powerful that a man may be
killed by them. Tbis destructive engine is of a
conical shape and explodes at the slightest touch.
These capsules, which are not larger than duck
shots, have been used to kill oxen. A gun may
contain six, and ii the Chassepot gun were charged
with six, it would fire 75 projectiles in 60 seconds,
each of which would kill any one it touched. The
Chassepot gun, loaded with these capsules, would
be very much more formidable than M. Dreyse's
needle gun.
It is stated on good authority that Spain has
accepted the mediation of England and France to
arrange her differences with Chili and Peru.
The Moniteur of this evening announces that the
Marquis de Moustier, the new Minister of Foreign
Affairs, who was expected in Paris yesterday, has
arrived to-day from Biarritz, where he was in con-
ference with the Emperor.

The weather continues fine, but the atmosphere
has been peculiarly dark and heavy. The sun has
not been seen. In the morning, within a few miles
from Paris, there was a very thick fog until nine
o'clock, but the temperature was warm and plea-
sant. The Seine continues to recede.

A RAP FROM PUNCH'S BATON
,Sharply delivered across the knuckles of Mr.
John Bright).

" A Problem for Demonstration"—it is called—
(" set in the Manchester School")—and it runs
simply as follows : _ _

Given Bright plus Cobden =--- Moral Force.
" And Bright plus Beales = Physical Do.
Required the distance in leagues between the two."

CRYSTAL PALACE.—The last display of fireworks
for this year takes place to-morrow evening at a qual:nr
before seven o'clock. Notwithstanding the great variety
of the previous displays, some striking effects have boon
reserved for this occasion, which wf.ll be a finale in every
respect worthy of the long I;ne of remarkable performancss
it closes. The Grenadier Guards' Band will be in attend-
ance. One Shilling Day, Tuesday, Oct. 2.—Admissions
on payment, 3,514 ; ditto by season tickets, 1,052 ; total
visitors, 4,596.

. .
FORGING A CERTIFICATE OF BIRTIL—On Monday
a young man named Robert Hodgson was brought before
the stipendiary magistrate at Hull for attempting to defraud
the customs authorities by giving them a false certificate
of birth, the object being to show that he was born in
1842 instead of 1840, in order that
he might obtain the
situation of out-door officer of customs at Hull. The in-
formation contained two counts, and the defendant pleaded
guilty to one of them. The plea was accepted, and he was
fined in the full penalty of £lOO and costs, with the alter-
native of six months' imprisonment.
MODERN OSTIA.—This fortress has a little history
of its own. It was built and fortified by Cardinal della
Rovere, the Julius 11. whose portrait by Raphael we have
iu our National Gallery. Sangallo was the architect, and
lived at Ostia for two years, in the service of the Car-
dinal. Coins were struck in honour of its erection ; and
when the French had seized and occupied it in 1493, the
Cardinal drove them out of it the succeeding year. As an
additional defence, ho also built the Torre Boaciaua, lower
down the river, and continued to improve and strengthen
the town. In 1503 Ciesar Borgia was imprisoned here,
whereby hangs the tale of his escape by the connivance
of the Portuguese Cardinal Carbajal. Other little details
there are, but the main association is with the warlike
Julius.—The Gentleman's ilagazine.
A BRIG RUN DOWN OFF FLAMBOROUGII HEAD.-
- On Monday morning the screw steamer Grenadier, trad-
ing between Newcastle and London with goods, arrived in
Shields harbour with the crew of a brig which the steamer
had come in collision with off Flamborough Head on Sun-
day night. The screw
abooli
tow,tabihealrraelds:ygveg,ebsrooaesisvtwwnit.elgi.s:;
teaiaatn,tiihpng, her usual speed, bound
for
sdardtirigging
arigrtomhi
does
asneetognreiri,
msiaayntm-
withnino deotwd,
all
elnpttrfedeool
starboard
appear to
tulht. whether it was the thickness of the wea-
ther or the dimness of the starboard lights, before those on
board the vessels knew what course they were in the Grans,
Gel hdedr e raovi
any
ysewsst each. lyae
Inos nai went
dat
The ehe G.eodr 11
eo
sntwa the
down
is the property of the Tye() Steam Sb/p2int3- Qa3PauY,
N 9 Trogic.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

ITALY.
FLORENCE, Oct. 2.
The Prefect and the Chief of Police have arrived

here.
Admiral Persano has published a pamphlet rela-
tive to the battle of Lissa.
The Diritto states that the killed and wounded in
the fighting at Palermo only amounted to 86.

BELGIUM.

BRUSSELS, October 3.

The Belgian illwziteur announces that the na-
tional rifle meeting will be held from the 12th to
the 21st October.

The fetes in celebration of the anniversary of the
national independence will be held on the 12th, 13th,
14th, and 15th October.

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE CHINA.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 3.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
China passed the Needles at 7.35 a.m. to-day.

MALTA.

MALTA, October 1.

A quarantine of 15 days has been imposed upon
all animals from Dublin, and of 10 days upon those
from Tunis.

The 0 ttoman iron clad frigate Sultan has arrived
here from Greenock.

THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA M AILS
SOUTHAMPTON, October 3.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
China, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. She brings 160 passengers,
£290,000 in specie, and a general cargo, including
1,044 bales of silk, value £95,000
On the 27th ult. she spoke the steamer Delta, and
a Turkish iron-clad ram steering eastward ; on the
30th the steamer Ripon, off Cape Finistere, for
Alexandria, and the Danube off Vizo, for Liverpool.
She experienced thick foggy weather up Channel.

The establishment of a custom-house on the
Moorish frontier for the permission of a regular
trade between Spain and Morocco was under discus-
sion by the Spanish and Moorish representatives at
Ceuta.

The British gunboats Skylark and Redpole were
at Gibraltar.

Exchange on London at Gibraltar 43 f; on
Paris, 5.10 c. to 6.12 e. ; Madrid, 2i to 3 dis.

FRANCE.

A Russian company at llelsingfors has obtained
the permission of the Government to raise the ships
which were sunk in the naval battles of August 24,
1789, and July 9, 1790. It is expected that large
quantities of iron and copper will be obtained by this
means.

Mr. Cooke, secretary of the Smyrna and Aidin
Railway, has, it is said, after some months' negotia-
tion, succeeded in obtaining a satisfactory arrange-
ment for the payment of the interest guaranteed by
the Porte on the capital of that line.
The journals of Spain contain accounts of inun-
dations on different points, and especially in Galicia.
According to the Constitution of Hay ti,the supreme
power is held by the Chief of the State for life.
According to late advices, on the proposal of General
Geffrard, the presidency he now holds is about to be
transformed into one of five years. He has also
proposed to the Haytian Chamber a bill for the abo-
lition of capital punishment for political offences.
Mgr. Place, the new Bishop of Marseilles, made
his entry into that city two days back. The weather
was unfavourable for the proceedings, as the rain
in torrents. Guns were fired, and in the square
opposite the railway station were drawn up detach-
ments of artillery, cavalry, and pompiers ; there also
the clergy and religious corporations awaited his
Grace. A portion of the garrison occupied different
positions on the l'ne of the procession, and the
streets were thronged with a considerable number
of persons. The mayor and other civil and ecclesi-
astical dignitaries received the Bishop at the railway.
His Grace then proceeded beneath a dais, and ac-
companied by all the religious societies of the neigh-
bourhood carrying banners to the church of St.
Martin, where the ceremony of installation took
place and aTe Tewn was sung. The Bishop after-
wards left for the episcopal palace attended, by an
escort of cavalry.

A literary periodical of Marseilles, called the
nre Tranquile, has just been tried in that city for
,4 having discussed, without authority, subjects of
political economy, and outraged the Catholic re-
ligion." The responsible editor, l Royaunez, has
been condemned to three months' imprisonment and
400 fr. fine, and the printer, M. Gubert, to one
month and 400 fr. In addition the publication has
been suppressed.
An attempted murder and suicide were commit-
ted two days back at Sainte-Foy (Gironde) by a
workman named Raoux. During a domestic quar-
rel he stabbed his wife twice in the back, and then
inflicting two wounds in his own left side, threw
himself out of a window on the second floor.
Strange to say, neither the husband nor the wife is
seriously hurt.
A man named Coulet, residing at Montpellier,
was quarrelling a few days since with two of his
sons, when he suddenly seized a knife and plunged
it into the stomach of one of them, a young man of
20, who is not expected to survive. The father has
been arrested.

A letter from Bagneres de Luchon (Haute
Garonne), states that after sultry weather, followed
by heavy rain, snow commenced falling three days
back with such density that persons could not see
to a distance of more than four or five paces before
them. The trees were soon covered thickly, and
the whole country is now -white. The inhabitants
have great fears for their crops of black wheat and
maize, which are likely to be injured by the wet.
The Venasque and neighbouring mountains are
covered with snow, but fine weather has since re-
turned.

The Echo de la Dordogne states that the fine wea-
ther which has lately set in has led to hopes of sav-
ing more of the wine crop than was expected. The
action of the sun is now rapidly advancing the
ripening of the 'grape.
The creditors of the banking firm of J. de Sou-
vigny and Co., of Poitiers, assembled three days
back at the Tribunal of Commerce in that town. A
statement read by the official assignee showed that
the liabilities amounted to 2,150,000 f., in addition
to a sum of between 700,000 f. and 800,000 f. claimed
by different agents de change on the Bourse of
Paris. The assets were said to amount to 730,000 f.
A goods train which stepped at the station at
Neuville a few nights ago by some means left a
truck on the line when it started, and this not being
noticed by the watchman when the night passenger
train from Lyons arrived, the engine dashed against
the truck and carried it on to the station of Saint
Germain, where the train stopped. The truck con-
tained 5,000 kilogrammes (5 tons) of newly coined
sous on their way from the Paris M int to King Vic-
tor Emmanuel. The sacks and boxes containing
the coins were broken by the collision and the coins
strewed all over the line, whence they were collected
the next day by the servants of the company and
deposited at the station.
The Customs' receipts at the port of Havre for the
month of September amounted to 2,132,018 fr.,
53,71 6fr. on the corresponding month in 1865. The
duties abandoned by the Government to the town
for the execution of the works of the port amounted
for the month of September to 71,575 fr., making
for the first nine months of the year 695,7891 r.
The inundations may now be considered at an
end, as all the principal rivers—the Loire, the Cher,
and the Allier—are going down rapidly. The Seine
also continues to fall, the scale of the Pont-Royal
?narking yesterday 4m, 15mm. (a little Dyer 13ft.)

The probability is that in a few days there will not
be more than the ordinary quantity of water at this
time of the year.

A telegram from Cherbourg states that the new
screw-steamer Saint-Laurent, belonging to the
General Transatlantic Company, has just made her
first trial trips before the official commission. The
speed is stated to be 14 knots an hour.
BO MSE, Oct. 2.—Two o'clock.—There has been
a dull market again to-day for nearly all Securities,
and the settlement has been proceeded with for
Railway Shares, the Italian Rente, foreign, and
miscellaneous shares. The charge for the continua-
tion is very low, and in many instances there has
been a report. The rate charged for carrying over
Italian Fives has thus far varied from 7c. deport to
par, and on Credit Mobilier Shares from par to If.
deport. The corers de compensation has been fixed
as follows :—ltalian Fives, 57f. ; Bank of France,
3,615 f. ; Credit Mobilier, 665 f. ; Credit Foncier,
1,375 f. ; Comptoir d'Escompte, 915 f. ; Northern,
1,175 f. ; Lyons, 897 f. 50c. ; Orleans, 882 f. 50c. ;
General Ottoman Debt, 29f. 50c. (cx div.) There
can hardly be said to be a real market, and great
difficulty is experienced in ascertaining quotations,
but where any transactions have taken place prices
arc all lower than yesterday. French Threes have
fallen 12i-c., to 69f. 25c. ; Italian Fives 25c., to
57f. The decline on Credit Mobilier and Comptoir
d'Escompte Shares is 2f. 50c. each, at 665 f. 25c.
and 915 f. Credit Foncier have gone down 3f. 75c.,
to 1,375 f. ; Mexican Bonds are weaker at 145 f., or
6f. 25c. lower. Railway Shares are likewise quoted
with lower prices, but the only business taking place
is such as is rendered indispensable for the opera-
tions of the settlement.

Three o'clock.—After a retrograde movement the
market has nevertheless closed on the following
same quotations :

4/ per Cents 97 50
Do. and month —

Bank Shares 3610
Italian Loan 56 90
Do. end month 57 03
Mexican Loan —
Do. Bonds —
Spanish Threes
Home Debt -
Deferred
'lll[B.

3 per Cents.
Do. end month 69 371
Credit Alobilier 665
Do. end month 667 50

Credit Fonder —
Do. cud mouth 1375

For Account.
Orleans
Northern ll7B 75
Lyons and Mediterranean B9B 75
Southern 585
Western 571 25
Eastern
Sardinian ,
Austrian
Lombard 415
North of Spain llO
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona —
n. 6O
Roma

Bankruptcy Disclosures at Sheffield.

At the Sheffield Bankruptcy Court on Saturday,
before Mr. Commissioner Ayrton, the case of Wm.
Unwin, of Sheffield, solicitor, brewer, and iron-
master, carne before the court. The bankrupt ap-
plied to pass his last examination and receive his
order of discharge. He was supported by Mr. V.
Blackburn, barrister, and opposed by Mr. Linklater,
of London, on behalf of the assignees. His balance-
sheet showed his total liabilities to be £133,000; but,
according to his own showing, the deficiency unac-
counted for only amounted to the sum of £16,000.
The assignees, however, say they are prepared to
prove before the case terminates that the deficiency
concerning which the bankrupt can give no account
whatever is nearly £lOO,OOO. A bill discounter,
named Jackson, said that he held bills given by the
bankrupt to the amount of £9,000. Several years
ago the bankrupt began business as a brewer, under
the style of Richard Trusswell and Co. He always
represented that business as a very profitable one,
but in the July of last year he turned it over to a
limited liability company, and in his balance-sheet
he put down the sum of £lO,OOO as the loss he had
sustained by the transaction. The assignees, how-
ever, urged that this was a fiction, and was put in
the balance-sheet in order to reduce the deficiency
by £lO,OOO. A still more extraordinary disclosure
took place on investigating the bankrupt's accounts
in his business as an iromnaster. A client of his,
named William Henry Brown, a person mentioned
as having been twice bankrupt, turned over the
works to Unwin, and they were carried on appa-
rently at great lozz. In the balance-shect of Unwin
there appeared an item of £28,000, which he
alleged was the loss he had sustained in his busi-
ness, but on casting up the columns, the assignees
discovered an error in addition of £20,000, which
reduced the estimated loss to £B,OOO. This sum
must be added to the deficiency, which, already
swelled by the £lO,OOO for Truswell's account, would
then amount to £46,000. The bankrupt admitted
in his examination that his balance-sheet was wrong,
and that he did not believe he had lost £98,000 by
Brown when he signed the balance-sheet, which he
now sought leave to amend. Mr. Linklater, how-
ever, charged him with having wilfully put forward
a false balance-sheet, and said that an order to pro-
secute would be applied for, and also an application
made to get the bankrupt struck off the rolls as an
attorcey, and he (Mr. Linklater) had not much
doubt that the prosecution would end as it ought to
do, in the bankrupt being imprisoned for three
years. The bankrupt was examined as to gambling
transactions, and he denied having had any interest
in racehorses during the last 12 years. He said it
was a most abominable thing to bring up such mat-
ters, but on being pressed he admitted that he gave
a bill for £2OO to a betting man named Holt, for
money lost many years ago. He had not lost upon
horse races during the last five years; he had won,
but he refused to say to what amount. In his cash
account, his receipts and payments between April
and June were stated at £64,000, but he said the
extent of his trading during that time was only
£12,000. A great deal had to be done, he said, in
the way of the renewal of bills, which would account
for the difference. Mr. Linklater, in his final obser-
vations to the Court, charged the bankrupt with
having filed an account which he knew to be abso-
lutely false, and with having resorted to all sorts of
fraudulent contrivances in order to maintain his
position.

After a lengthy examination, Mr. Commissioner
Ayrton adjourned the meeting until the 2ith Dec.,
and ordered the bankrupt to furnish full accounts
of his betting transact'ons, a cash and goods and
deficiency account in each of the several branches
of trade he had carried on, and to furnish the
fullest possible information to the assignees in re-
ference to the matters on which he had been ex-
amined.

The bankrupt's protection, and his allowance of
five guineas per week, were renewed until the next
meeting.—Manchester Guardian.

DEATH OF A FRENCH BURGLAR IN N EWGATE.—
Yesterday fortinoon Mr. William Payne, the City coroner,
held an inquiry at Newgate Prison respecting the death of
a Frenchman named Louis Victor de Londes, aged 26
years. Mr. E. J. Jonas, governor of Newgate, said that the
deceased had been convicted atlhe last sessions of the Cen-
tral Criminal Court of burglary, and he had been sentenced
to five years penal servitude. He had been a clerk, and
was a native of Paris. He declined to write to his friends
and he pleaded guilty at his trial. Finding that the de-
ceased was ill, witness wrote to the French consul, and
he communicated with his friends, who called after his
death. They did not attend the inquest, because they
said they did not know what good they could do. Wit-
ness sent for a Catholic clergyman, who attended him
every day. When a French gentleman saw the deceased in
the infirmary he said to him, "You ought to be very thank-
ful for all this kindness. You know you would not be treated
thus in your own country." The deceased had run away
from his family and friends, and fallen into great poverty
n Engiand. His aunt and the French consul stated
that fact. Tho deceased had broken into a gentleman's
house at Greenwich. Dr. Roland Gibson, prison surgeon,
said that the deceased had only left Paris three weeks when
he committed the burglary. He said, " I have not a friend
in England." He had been a commercial traveller. He
died on Saturday from pulmonary consumption, rapidly
brought on. The coroner having summed up, the jury re-
turned a verdict " that.the deceased Frenchman died in
Newgate from natural causes."
The Radical cause has sustained a severe defeat at
Brecon in the person of Lord Alfred Churchill, who
has been beaten by Mr. Howel Gwyn by a majority of 26
votes. The result will not surprise our readers. We pointed
out more than a week ago the futility of the efforts being
made by the self-styled "Independent Liberals" to stem
the Conservative feeling of the borough, and the shifts to
which they were reduced in canvassing for the Whig
nominee. In Mr. Rowel Gwyn the constituency of Bre-
con have elected a gentleman who has every possible claim
to be their choice, and Lord Derby has gained a staunch
and iiintwatig oupportor.—.Herald.

‘CIJUrt '%*
•ormi,
0,„,„

HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, Sunday.
The Queen went out yesterday morning, attended
by the Marchioness of Ely, and rode up Glen Gelder
in the afternoon, accompanied by Princess Christian.
Monday.
The Queen, Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, with
the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waling, attended
Divine service in the parish church at Crathie yes-
terday.

The Rev. John M'Lcod officiated.
h is
Excellency Colonel J. M. Doran has arrived
at Brown's Hotel.

The Marquis and Marchioness de Molins have
arrived at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square.
The Eail Cowper and lion. Henry Cowper, M.P.,
left Wrest Park on Monday for Scotland.

Lord Stanley, M.P., arrived at his residence in
St. James's-square yesterday from Liverpool.
Lady Louisa Dillon and. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher and
family havo left Brown's Hotel.

Lady \Volseley has arrived at Brown's Hotel.
The Right Hon. Sir Stafford Northcote, the Pre-
sident of the Board of Trade, has left Liverpool on a visit
to the Earl and Countess of Dorby at Knowsley Park, near
Prescott, and will leave on Friday for Balmoral.
The Right Hon. Horatio Waddington left town
yesterday for Brighton.