The Sun.
London, England, 1859-01-08 00:00:00

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FRANCE AND AOSTRIA.

PRICE 4D. STAMPED, SD•

(From the Daily 11 ewe)
There's something wrong in this old world of
cans when our peace is at the mercy ,of one man's
morning headache or after-dinner indigestion, and
when the arbiter of our destinies from day to day
is an absolute potentate and a silentfatalist. The
nineteenth century may well speak modestly of
political progress when, in the sixtieth rear of its
existence, a Court poet may, without irovy, com-
pare the frown of the Sovereign of France to the
nod of Olympian Jove—

FRANCE AND JAPAN.

(From the Moniteur.)

A fresh diplomatic success has just closed the
year 1858. A treaty of amity and commerce was
signed, in the name of the Emperor, by Baron Gros,
and in that of the Sovereign of Japan by six Japa-
nese merchants, at Jeddo, the capital of that distant
empire, on the 9th of October last. The year 1858
will therefore have witnessed the definitive removal
of the barrier's which in China were only slightly
opened to the rest of the world, and. which in •
Japan continued to completely interdict access to 1
that country to any foreign nation. The conquest
of those two countries of the extreme East to
modern civilisation, hitherto so full of mystery,
and forminF, notwithstanding all their analogies,
two very distinct nations, which, having resisted
the invasions' of the other races of the globe, had
retained all their originality—that conquest will
remain one of the great titles to glory of our epoch..
Unforeseen complications appeared at one time to
have seriously impeded, if not to have rendered
impossible, the negotiation which Baron Gros had-
been charged to open with Japan, as soon as lie
should have completed the treaty with the Court
of Pekin. The Emperor died suddenly, and an
attempt was made to conceal that fact; the cholera..:
had also broken out in Japan and raged with ex-
treme, violence. In that state of things it was
natural that a wish should have been felt to avoid
for the present a mission which had been announced
beforehand, and the object of which was well
known. The reception given to Baron Gros was,
however, marked IT a courtesy to which it is '
evident the knowledge of the taking of Canton and
the brilliant affair of Taken had considerably con-
tributed. We think it will not be without interest
to give the details which have reached us relative to
the circumstances which preceded and were atten-
dant on the conclusion of the treaty of Jeddo; for
although China has already become partly revealed
to us, it is not the same with Japan. Scarcely any
one was before aware how far nature had favoured
that fine country, or of the intelligence and in-
dustry of the people. It was on the 6th of Sept.
that Baron Gros left Shanghai for Japan on
board the steam corvette Laplace. On his arrival at
Simoda, on the 13th, he there received from the
two Governors, who were the first Japanese autho-
rities with whom he entered into relations, the most
friendly welcome. The first Governor immediately
paid him a visit, attended by a numerous suite, and
with all the insignia of his office. A collation had
been prepared on board the Laplace, and the con-
versation was from the first full of animation and
cordiality, although it was necessarily carried on '
through an interpreter. It was, however, evident '
that a hope was entertained of inducing the French
mission to abandon the idea of proceeding to Jeddo.
The Emperor is ill,' said the Japanese Governor
to Baron Gros, and he probably will not be able
to receive you. Why do you not send from Simoda
the compliments you. are charged to pay to him on
the part of your Sovereign, and thus spare yourself
a useless and fatiguing voyage ?' Baron Gros re-
plied that his mission had a more serious object in
view ; that he had come invested with full powers
to negotiate with Japan ; and that he must conse-
quently proceed to Jeddo, whence he should write
to the First Minister and inform him of the kind
and pacific instructions with which he had been
charged by the Emperor of the French. That de-
claration cut short the objections of the Governor,
who soon after withdrew, inviting Baron Gros to
visit him on the following day, and partake of a
collation at his residence. Before quitting the cor-
vette, he visited every part of her with the greatest
curiosity, and evinced a strong desire to make him-
self acquainted with every detail,-and on noticing
that the French were preparing to salute him when
he should leave 'the vessel, he begged that it might
be fired while he was on board, that he might wit-
ness the working of the guns. The polite and
graceful manners both of the Governor and of his
suite proved to the French that they had to deal
with an intelligent race. On the following morn-
ing presents of fish, vegetables, and fruit were sent
by the Governor on board the Laplace, accompanied
by two reams of fine paper, to receive,' as he said,
the intelligent ideas of the first councillor of the
Emperor of the French.' Baron Gros returned the
visit of the Governor, according to the invitation
given, accompanied by the captains of the Laplace
and the Pregent. Two Japanese officers were at
the landing-place to receive the party, and conduct
them to the Governor's residence On arriving
there they were received by the Second Governor,
surrounded byhis officers, and were then introduced
into the room where the First Governor awaited
their arrival, and thence into the room where a
banquet had been prepared. Two long tables were
laid out, with a space between them for the attend-
ants. A seat covered with matting had been pre-
pared for the French visitors, but the two Go-
vernors and seven officers, all in full unform,
kneeling on the table itself, sat on their heels,
the refreshments being served before them. An
immense number of viands, served up in a small
lacker dishes and tureens, were successively placed
on the tables, and 'all the elegance of Japanese
cookery—less agreeable, it must be owned, to the
taste than to the eye—was displayed during the
collation. The hot wines of the country having
been served in elegant lacker goblets, visiting cards
were exchanged and healths drunk on both sides.
The mirth soon became so uproarious that Baron
Gros thought it time to 'retire, after the Governor
had offered him the services of all the domestics,
pilots, and interpreters that might be required to
facilitate his voyage to Jeddo. Notwithstanding
this offer, however, he sent several officers next day

Annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. •
Louis Napoleon, at the diplomatic reception on
New Year's-day, addresses a few words of common-
place civility to the Austrian Ambassador with a
little more animation than usual, and straightway all.
the wires of all the telegraphs in Europe are charged
with currents of disaster and dismay, and all the Ex- .
changes in Europe are convulsed. with panic,- and
convinced that the Deluge is come. The gigantic
struggle. of what is called the French Revolution
against privilege and prejudice of every kind has •
attained this magnificent result—the creation Man
absolute form of' Personal Government in which all
the forces and all the responsibilities of a great
military Power and an enlightened nation are con-
centrated in will of a secretive individual, -who
was. ari adventurer in hisyouth, a prisoner in middle,
life, and a ruler at an age when contempt for one's
fellow-creatures is not easily unlearned. We put it
'to' the large class of practical and business-like men
among our neighbours, who have outgrown' the
follies of freedom, and who prefer tranquillity
under the shadow of an Imperial Throne to the
turmoil and distraction of Parliamentary Institu-
tions—are they completely'satisfied with the change
after ten years' triumphant experience ? The
Lararclage.of the Tribune and the Press is lapsing
into a tradition which only a few veteran incurables
and a few young enthusiasts care to cherish; but
there must be men on the Bourse who remember

that when in other days war seemed imminent, it
was averted by a timely change of Ministry, con-
fidence was restored by explanations in the Cham-
be: a, and public feeling was appeased by discuisions
in the press. It was not left to any one man to
feed fat an ancient grudge or to satiate an exor-
bitant ambition at the cost of civilisation and

humanity. But now all this is changed. Consti-
tutional pedantries and. Parliamentary checks have
been exchanged for the vigorous unity of a demo-
cratic despotism, and, on New Year's-day, 1859, we
have arrived at the Apotheosis of Irresponsibility.
An Emperor raises his Voice a note or two, and
Europe quakes. Surely this is enough to put us
out of conceit with the safe and slow formalities of
self-government.
How admirable are the guarantees of international
security presented- by an empire, in which no
dogs bark without permission. On Saturday, the
Ist of January, the Emperor of the French ex-
presses his regret that " our relations",with Austria
are not so good' as they have been, and requests M.
de Hubner to wish his Imperial brother a happy
new year. Some say this compliment or this me-
nace was emphasised by a cold and distant manner ;
some say by a warmth and vivacity of gesture.
In any case, down go the funds, and the hun-
dred tongues of rumour wag ominously wherever
men of money congregate. On Tuesday a semi-
official journal comes out with the textual words
as they issued. fresh from the Imperial lips, but
rumour will have it that they have undergone a
cooling process in the passage; and another semi-
official journal interprets them as neither a compli-
ment nor a menace, but something of both ; and,
in short, whichever you please. This is not very
re-assuring,. and down go the funds deeper 'and
deeper still. Journals published at Brussels, . but
supposed to be "inspired" from Paris, take up the
solemn theme and decide it in a most pacific sense:
they tell us that the true meaning of the imperial
' phrase is to be discovered in the context, and the
context is the phrase addressed to the Papal Nuncio,
than which nothing could be more friendly or more
harmless in sound and sense. Unfortunately, the
words addressed to the Nuncio were not officially
recorded. It. is not until Friday, the 7th instant,

that the Moniteur itself deigns to come to the rescue
of the mass of speculators, and to relieve the anx-
ieties of governments and nations by the foPow-
ing oracular paragraph:—" For some days public
opinion has been agitated by alarming reports, to
which it is the duty of the Government to put an
end, in declaring that nothing in our diplomatic
affairs authorises the fears which these rumours
tend to create." _ _

We hope the most nervous of our readers will
sleep soundly after this frank and explicit
assurance from an authority distinguished for its
frankness and veracity. Perhaps a .few restless
and ill-disposed people will fail to gather from the
words we have italicised all the comfort they were
doubtless designed to convey. In November, 'al,
when rumours of a coup d'etat were.disturbing men's
minds, a paragraph might have appeared in the
Moniteur to the following effect :—" For some day a
public opinion has been agitated by alarming re-
ports, to which it is the duty of the Government to
put an end, in declaring that nothing in our legis-
lative affairs authorises the fears which these
rumours tend to create." Whether such a para-
graph would have been considered satisfactory we
will not take upon ourselves to decide at this date ;
but what degree of truth it would have expressed
we are now at no loss to determine. In a Govern-
ment of silence and secrecy—absolute, personal,
irresponsible—it matters little whether, in
"our diplOmatic affairs" there can be more or less +.O
justify apprehension. The real danger lies else-
where, in councils less amenable to correction, be-
cause practiCally inaccessible.
The only supposition by which "the fears which
these rumours tend to create" can be removed is
one which aggravates rather than diminishes the
gravity of the offence with which the Imperial Go-
vernment stands charged by all the political and
commercial interests of Europe. Were it not the
common talk of Paris, and what is worse, almost as
probable as it is discreditable, we should hesitate
'even to admit as a rumour the explanation which
has reached us of the recent war-panic and its tardy
alleviation. Personal Government is at best a ques-
tionable ,evil, but the present government of gam-
blers is an unquestionable curse. It is bad enough
that a European war should be lightly spoken of
as a trump card which may one day be played, but
that the Council-table of a power like France should
descend to the morality of rouge et noir, is an
alarming phenomenon indeed. It may be the mis-
fortune rather than the fault of a parvenu poten-
tate that he is surrounded by adventurers, some of
whom are needy, and all extravagant. But that
the peace of Europe should be placed in jeopardy,
and its commerce paralysed, and thonsands of
ignorant and innocent people ruined, in order that
a near relation may "pot" a trifle of something
like £BO,OOO, and that a "book" may be made up
at the Tuileries, is a public crime so unpardonable,
a condition of affairs so intolerable, that only the
antecedents of the Imperial Government can excuse
the existence of the rumour to which we have
alluded. That such a rumour should be possible
is, we fear, no matter for surprise ; but we cannot,
of course, for a moment accept it as an adequate
explanation of the angry address to the Ambas-
sador, or the long-delayed eclaircissement in the
Moniteur.

on board the Laplace to inform the Admiral of the
Emperor's decease, an event which would no doubt
induce the French Ambassador to forego his visit.
to Jeddo, as that city was plunged into general
mourning. The Ambassador replied that he was
deeply affected by the affliction which had befallen
the country, and that the French flags should be
hoisted only half-mast high, as a sign of mourning;
but he should nevertheless, sail for Jeddo on the
19th. The departure took place accordingly, and
the same day the French vessels anchored before
that town. A mandarin boat soon put off to the
Laplace, to request that the French vessels would
weigh anchor for Kanagawa, where they would be
well received. Six high dignitaries came on board
next day to reiterate the request, and for two hours
used every argument they could imagine to per-
suade the French Ambassador not to land at Jeddo
—first alleging the great affliction of the town, and
then the ravages of the cholera, which carried off
400 or 500 persons every day. As their prayers
and entreaties, however, could not triumph over the
firmness of Baron Gros, they requested that the letter
which he was about to write to the First Minister
should not be sent until next day, and should then
be delivered in a small temple by the river side out-
side the wails. This proposal was acceded to, on
the express condition that the First Minister should
answer the letter the same day. The Second Se-
cretary of the Embassy, M. de Contades, went
ashore at the time appointed to deliver the letter.
The mandarins who had come to meet him stated
that a house was being prepared for the Embtssy
in the town. On the 26th of September accordingly
Baron. Gros, who, during the preceding days had
received on board the Laplace the six mandarins
appointed to treat with him, and who had come to
ask whether he accepted them as negotiators, landed
at Jeddo and took possession of the joss-house which
he himself had selected for his residence. He was
scarcely, installed when he received a visit from the
Japanese negotiators, as well as a present of -an
abundance of provisions, consisting of vegetables,
fruit, and MI, sent by the Emperor, with. an assur-
ance that the same quantity would be supplied
every day. Shortly after, a dinner, prepared in
the Imperial kitchens, was served up for 20 persons
in the great hall of the house assigned to the Em-
bassy. All the plates and dishes on the table were
lacker, and by the side of the ivory chopsticks,
which in Japan, as well as China, supply the place
of forks, they had the politeness to place silver-gilt
European.spoons and forks. The Second Governer
took his seat near Baron Gros to do the honours of
the table; but, first of all, he requested the Ambas-
sador to order champagne, which, he said, lie already
knew and liked very much. Baron Gros imme-
diately offered him some, and took the opportunity
to propose the health of the new Emperor. The
next day the negotiations began, and advanced so,
rapidly that in five days all the clauses of the
treaty were drawn up. It was signed on the 9th
French
colours October in the capital (where the
colours floated for the first time) in several copies,
written in French, vulgar Japanese, the Japanese
understood only by the oonzes and authorities of
the empire, and in Dutch. After the signature the
Emperor sent several rolls of the silk tissues manu-
factured in the country as presents for the Embassy
and for the commanders of the Laplace and' the
pr event. He expressed a desire at the same time
to obtain six percussion rifles. Baron Gros sent
them at once ; and the Emperor was highly de
, lighted with the present, and our Sailors had the
satisfaction before leaving 7eddo of seeing these
arms handled with remarkable precision by some
of those intelligent Japanese whom one of the

THE CREW OF THE SHANNON.—The arrival of
the Shannon at this port last week has given new life to
Portsea, which in a great measure is dependent on the
navy for its trade. The Sailors' Home--that excellent,
well-conducted, and secure retreat for our gallant tars—has
exhibited new signs of its usefulness, from the fact that most
of the crew of the Shannon have taken up their quarters at
the " Home." About 150 of her original crew have returned
in her, and but for the fact of the captain having a taste for
flogging, which we regret to state has been prevalent on her
homeward voyage, a . united and happy crew would have
returned-to receive the award of- their hard-‘earned laurels.
Deep . are the expressions of disgust on this score, and
from all we can learn it will be a difficult task to man our
llinkin s are said
kinds
career,
navy if such treatment and such practices as 'have been
witnessed on board the Shannon are tolerated by the Ad-
miralty. She has returned what is called " a rich ship,"
'
the 11),'
hferommenLuhenionfv. secured
Valuables t P
of if
e all m o most
especiallyof t
to be possessed by them. One Man has secured riches
enough to provide for his remaining days ; another has a
broken sword, taken in combat, for the handle of which he
has been offered £l2O, it being set ' m
those located at the " Home" is diamonds. Among
a tall black man, who
served as captain of the mainto
his gun with such rapidity, and I' At Lucknow he fought
com-
manding vosition, that they'
placed it in such a
hand on his shoulders andnoble Captain Peel placed his
applauded him for it, and said,
~ Well done ; there is the
gracious Queen?, order of valour for you from our
After entering Lucknow this same man
slew numbers with his
whole of the crew of the cutlass in single combat, mid the
Shannon are unanimous in award-
ing him the honour of being the bravest man of their crew,
or, to use their own words, " the bravest man we ever did
see."—West Sussex Gazette.

[ADvEnnsEmENT.]—Holloway's Ointment and Pills.—
Air.—Variations in the temperature, dryness and moisture
of the atmosphere chiefly produce disease. They not only
aflect the health but the perfection of the species. Hence
the noblest of the human race is the 'Caucasian ; because a
mediuM temperature ever there prevails. In England,
but too frequently, Russian cold and Italian heat divide
the day; excessive changes which few can bear with im-
punity. Colds, Influenza,.Consumption,•Fever; Dysentery,
are the diseases usually springing from our variable cli-
mate, these in their early stages may be readily cured by
Holloway's remedies, which neutralise in the blood the
morbific products of • the changeable and impure atmos-
phere; brace the relaxed frame; prevent inflammation in
the robust, and annul fever.